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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Join | Join may refer to:
Join (law), to include additional counts or additional defendants on an indictment
In mathematics:
Join (mathematics), a least upper bound of sets orders in lattice theory
Join (topology), an operation combining two topological spaces
Join (sigma algebra), a refinement of sigma algebras
Join (a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximal%20and%20minimal%20elements | In mathematics, especially in order theory, a maximal element of a subset of some preordered set is an element of that is not smaller than any other element in . A minimal element of a subset of some preordered set is defined dually as an element of that is not greater than any other element in .
The notions of ma... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal%20set | In set theory, a universal set is a set which contains all objects, including itself. In set theory as usually formulated, it can be proven in multiple ways that a universal set does not exist. However, some non-standard variants of set theory include a universal set.
Reasons for nonexistence
Many set theories do not ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Completing%20the%20square | In elementary algebra, completing the square is a technique for converting a quadratic polynomial of the form
to the form
for some values of h and k.
In other words, completing the square places a perfect square trinomial inside of a quadratic expression.
Completing the square is used in
solving quadratic equation... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macsyma | Macsyma (; "Project MAC's SYmbolic MAnipulator") is one of the oldest general-purpose computer algebra systems still in wide use. It was originally developed from 1968 to 1982 at MIT's Project MAC.
In 1982, Macsyma was licensed to Symbolics and became a commercial product. In 1992, Symbolics Macsyma was spun off to M... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercer%27s%20theorem | In mathematics, specifically functional analysis, Mercer's theorem is a representation of a symmetric positive-definite function on a square as a sum of a convergent sequence of product functions. This theorem, presented in , is one of the most notable results of the work of James Mercer (1883–1932). It is an importan... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Censoring | Censoring may refer to:
Censoring (statistics)
Censorship
Internet censorship |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riccati%20equation | In mathematics, a Riccati equation in the narrowest sense is any first-order ordinary differential equation that is quadratic in the unknown function. In other words, it is an equation of the form
where and . If the equation reduces to a Bernoulli equation, while if the equation becomes a first order linear ordin... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR%20decomposition | In linear algebra, a QR decomposition, also known as a QR factorization or QU factorization, is a decomposition of a matrix A into a product A = QR of an orthonormal matrix Q and an upper triangular matrix R. QR decomposition is often used to solve the linear least squares problem and is the basis for a particular eige... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiset | In mathematics, a multiset (or bag, or mset) is a modification of the concept of a set that, unlike a set, allows for multiple instances for each of its elements. The number of instances given for each element is called the multiplicity of that element in the multiset. As a consequence, an infinite number of multisets ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadratic%20irrational%20number | In mathematics, a quadratic irrational number (also known as a quadratic irrational or quadratic surd) is an irrational number that is the solution to some quadratic equation with rational coefficients which is irreducible over the rational numbers. Since fractions in the coefficients of a quadratic equation can be cl... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steinhaus%E2%80%93Moser%20notation | In mathematics, Steinhaus–Moser notation is a notation for expressing certain large numbers. It is an extension (devised by Leo Moser) of Hugo Steinhaus's polygon notation.
Definitions
a number in a triangle means nn.
a number in a square is equivalent to "the number inside triangles, which are all nested."
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/33%20%28number%29 | 33 (thirty-three) is the natural number following 32 and preceding 34.
In mathematics
33 is:
specifically, the 8th distinct semiprime, it being the 3rd of the form (3.q) where q is a higher prime.
It also contains a semiprime aliquot sum of 15, within an aliquot sequence of four members (33, 15, 9, 4, 3, 1, 0) in the... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/78%20%28number%29 | 78 (seventy-eight) is the natural number following 77 and followed by 79.
In mathematics
78 is:
the 4th discrete tri-prime; or also termed Sphenic number, and the 4th of the form (2.3.r).
an abundant number with an aliquot sum of 90.
a semiperfect number, as a multiple of a perfect number.
the 12th triangular number... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/45%20%28number%29 | 45 (forty-five) is the natural number following 44 and preceding 46.
In mathematics
Forty-five is the smallest odd number that has more divisors than , and that has a larger sum of divisors than . It is the sixth positive integer with a square-prime prime factorization of the form , with and prime, and first of th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rayleigh%20quotient | In mathematics, the Rayleigh quotient () for a given complex Hermitian matrix and nonzero vector is defined as:For real matrices and vectors, the condition of being Hermitian reduces to that of being symmetric, and the conjugate transpose to the usual transpose . Note that for any non-zero scalar . Recall that a He... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markov%20property | In probability theory and statistics, the term Markov property refers to the memoryless property of a stochastic process, which means that its future evolution is independent of its history. It is named after the Russian mathematician Andrey Markov. The term strong Markov property is similar to the Markov property, ex... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August%20Beer | August Beer (; 31 July 1825 – 18 November 1863) was a German physicist, chemist, and mathematician of Jewish descent.
Biography
Beer was born in Trier, where he studied mathematics and natural sciences. Beer was educated at the technical school and gymnasium of his native town until 1845, when he went to Bonn to stud... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLE%20%28disambiguation%29 | SLE may refer to:
Medicine
Systemic lupus erythematosus, an autoimmune disease
St. Louis encephalitis, a mosquito-borne disease
Science and mathematics
Semiconductor luminescence equations
Sea level equation, following post-glacial rebound
Schramm–Loewner evolution in statistical mechanics
Transportation
McNar... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazetteer | A gazetteer is a geographical dictionary or directory used in conjunction with a map or atlas. It typically contains information concerning the geographical makeup, social statistics and physical features of a country, region, or continent. Content of a gazetteer can include a subject's location, dimensions of peaks an... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual%20group | In mathematics, the dual group refer to:
Pontryagin dual, of a locally compact abelian group
Langlands dual, of a reductive algebraic group
The dual group in the Deligne–Lusztig theory |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moritz%20Cantor | Moritz Benedikt Cantor (23 August 1829 – 10 April 1920) was a German historian of mathematics.
Biography
Cantor was born at Mannheim. He came from a Sephardi Jewish family that had emigrated to the Netherlands from Portugal, another branch of which had established itself in Russia. In his early youth, Moritz Cantor wa... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartic%20function | In algebra, a quartic function is a function of the form
where a is nonzero,
which is defined by a polynomial of degree four, called a quartic polynomial.
A quartic equation, or equation of the fourth degree, is an equation that equates a quartic polynomial to zero, of the form
where .
The derivative of a quartic f... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/50%20%28number%29 | 50 (fifty) is the natural number following 49 and preceding 51.
In mathematics
Fifty is the smallest number that is the sum of two non-zero square numbers in two distinct ways: 50 = 12 + 72 = 52 + 52 (see image). It is also the sum of three squares, 50 = 32 + 42 + 52, and the sum of four squares, 50 = 62 + 32 + 22 + ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connection%20%28mathematics%29 | In geometry, the notion of a connection makes precise the idea of transporting local geometric objects, such as tangent vectors or tensors in the tangent space, along a curve or family of curves in a parallel and consistent manner. There are various kinds of connections in modern geometry, depending on what sort of dat... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell%27s%20theorem | In probability theory, Maxwell's theorem (known also as Herschel-Maxwell's theorem and Herschel-Maxwell's derivation) states that if the probability distribution of a random vector in is unchanged by rotations, and if the components are independent, then the components are identically distributed and normally distribu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heyting%20algebra | In mathematics, a Heyting algebra (also known as pseudo-Boolean algebra) is a bounded lattice (with join and meet operations written ∨ and ∧ and with least element 0 and greatest element 1) equipped with a binary operation a → b of implication such that (c ∧ a) ≤ b is equivalent to c ≤ (a → b). From a logical standpoin... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wigner%27s%20classification | In mathematics and theoretical physics, Wigner's classification
is a classification of the nonnegative energy irreducible unitary representations of the Poincaré group which have either finite or zero mass eigenvalues. (These unitary representations are infinite-dimensional; the group is not semisimple and it does not... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnot%27s%20theorem%20%28inradius%2C%20circumradius%29 | In Euclidean geometry, Carnot's theorem states that the sum of the signed distances from the circumcenter D to the sides of an arbitrary triangle ABC is
where r is the inradius and R is the circumradius of the triangle. Here the sign of the distances is taken to be negative if and only if the open line segment DX (X ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois%20Vi%C3%A8te | François Viète, Seigneur de la Bigotière (; 1540 – 23 February 1603), commonly known by his mononym, Vieta, was a French mathematician whose work on new algebra was an important step towards modern algebra, due to his innovative use of letters as parameters in equations. He was a lawyer by trade, and served as a privy ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic%20string | Cosmic strings are hypothetical 1-dimensional topological defects which may have formed during a symmetry-breaking phase transition in the early universe when the topology of the vacuum manifold associated to this symmetry breaking was not simply connected. Their existence was first contemplated by the theoretical phys... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindel%C3%B6f%20space | In mathematics, a Lindelöf space is a topological space in which every open cover has a countable subcover. The Lindelöf property is a weakening of the more commonly used notion of compactness, which requires the existence of a finite subcover.
A is a topological space such that every subspace of it is Lindelöf. Suc... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower%20limit%20topology | In mathematics, the lower limit topology or right half-open interval topology is a topology defined on , the set of real numbers; it is different from the standard topology on (generated by the open intervals) and has a number of interesting properties. It is the topology generated by the basis of all half-open inter... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equaliser%20%28mathematics%29 | In mathematics, an equaliser is a set of arguments where two or more functions have equal values.
An equaliser is the solution set of an equation.
In certain contexts, a difference kernel is the equaliser of exactly two functions.
Definitions
Let X and Y be sets.
Let f and g be functions, both from X to Y.
Then the ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributive%20lattice | In mathematics, a distributive lattice is a lattice in which the operations of join and meet distribute over each other. The prototypical examples of such structures are collections of sets for which the lattice operations can be given by set union and intersection. Indeed, these lattices of sets describe the scenery ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual%20%28category%20theory%29 | In category theory, a branch of mathematics, duality is a correspondence between the properties of a category C and the dual properties of the opposite category Cop. Given a statement regarding the category C, by interchanging the source and target of each morphism as well as interchanging the order of composing two mo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalgebra | In mathematics, coalgebras or cogebras are structures that are dual (in the category-theoretic sense of reversing arrows) to unital associative algebras. The axioms of unital associative algebras can be formulated in terms of commutative diagrams. Turning all arrows around, one obtains the axioms of coalgebras.
Every c... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bialgebra | In mathematics, a bialgebra over a field K is a vector space over K which is both a unital associative algebra and a counital coassociative coalgebra. The algebraic and coalgebraic structures are made compatible with a few more axioms. Specifically, the comultiplication and the counit are both unital algebra homomorphi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hodge%20star%20operator | In mathematics, the Hodge star operator or Hodge star is a linear map defined on the exterior algebra of a finite-dimensional oriented vector space endowed with a nondegenerate symmetric bilinear form. Applying the operator to an element of the algebra produces the Hodge dual of the element. This map was introduced b... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lie%20algebroid | In mathematics, a Lie algebroid is a vector bundle together with a Lie bracket on its space of sections and a vector bundle morphism , satisfying a Leibniz rule. A Lie algebroid can thus be thought of as a "many-object generalisation" of a Lie algebra.
Lie algebroids play a similar same role in the theory of Lie gro... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lie%20groupoid | In mathematics, a Lie groupoid is a groupoid where the set of objects and the set of morphisms are both manifolds, all the category operations (source and target, composition, identity-assigning map and inversion) are smooth, and the source and target operations
are submersions.
A Lie groupoid can thus be thought o... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal%20bundle | In mathematics, a principal bundle is a mathematical object that formalizes some of the essential features of the Cartesian product of a space with a group . In the same way as with the Cartesian product, a principal bundle is equipped with
An action of on , analogous to for a product space.
A projection onto . ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quotient%20%28universal%20algebra%29 | In mathematics, a quotient algebra is the result of partitioning the elements of an algebraic structure using a congruence relation.
Quotient algebras are also called factor algebras. Here, the congruence relation must be an equivalence relation that is additionally compatible with all the operations of the algebra, in... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subcategory | In mathematics, specifically category theory, a subcategory of a category C is a category S whose objects are objects in C and whose morphisms are morphisms in C with the same identities and composition of morphisms. Intuitively, a subcategory of C is a category obtained from C by "removing" some of its objects and arr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green%27s%20function | In mathematics, a Green's function is the impulse response of an inhomogeneous linear differential operator defined on a domain with specified initial conditions or boundary conditions.
This means that if is the linear differential operator, then
the Green's function is the solution of the equation , where is Dir... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rank-into-rank | In set theory, a branch of mathematics, a rank-into-rank embedding is a large cardinal property defined by one of the following four axioms given in order of increasing consistency strength. (A set of rank < λ is one of the elements of the set Vλ of the von Neumann hierarchy.)
Axiom I3: There is a nontrivial elementa... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Cayley | Arthur Cayley (; 16 August 1821 – 26 January 1895) was a prolific British mathematician who worked mostly on algebra. He helped found the modern British school of pure mathematics.
As a child, Cayley enjoyed solving complex maths problems for amusement. He entered Trinity College, Cambridge, where he excelled in Gree... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bounded%20function | In mathematics, a function f defined on some set X with real or complex values is called bounded if the set of its values is bounded. In other words, there exists a real number M such that
for all x in X. A function that is not bounded is said to be unbounded.
If f is real-valued and f(x) ≤ A for all x in X, then th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang%20Haken | Wolfgang Haken (; June 21, 1928 – October 2, 2022) was a German American mathematician who specialized in topology, in particular 3-manifolds.
Biography
Haken was born on June 21, 1928, in Berlin, Germany. His father was Werner Haken, a physicist who had Max Planck as a doctoral thesis advisor. In 1953, Haken earned a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition%20function%20%28number%20theory%29 | In number theory, the partition function represents the number of possible partitions of a non-negative integer . For instance, because the integer 4 has the five partitions , , , , and .
No closed-form expression for the partition function is known, but it has both asymptotic expansions that accurately approximate ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symplectomorphism | In mathematics, a symplectomorphism or symplectic map is an isomorphism in the category of symplectic manifolds. In classical mechanics, a symplectomorphism represents a transformation of phase space that is volume-preserving and preserves the symplectic structure of phase space, and is called a canonical transformatio... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law%20of%20total%20probability | In probability theory, the law (or formula) of total probability is a fundamental rule relating marginal probabilities to conditional probabilities. It expresses the total probability of an outcome which can be realized via several distinct events, hence the name.
Statement
The law of total probability is a theorem th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law%20of%20total%20expectation | The proposition in probability theory known as the law of total expectation, the law of iterated expectations (LIE), Adam's law, the tower rule, and the smoothing theorem, among other names, states that if is a random variable whose expected value is defined, and is any random variable on the same probability spa... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomous%20system%20%28mathematics%29 | In mathematics, an autonomous system or autonomous differential equation is a system of ordinary differential equations which does not explicitly depend on the independent variable. When the variable is time, they are also called time-invariant systems.
Many laws in physics, where the independent variable is usually a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law%20of%20total%20variance | In probability theory, the law of total variance or variance decomposition formula or conditional variance formulas or law of iterated variances also known as Eve's law, states that if and are random variables on the same probability space, and the variance of is finite, then
In language perhaps better known to sta... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutual%20exclusivity | In logic and probability theory, two events (or propositions) are mutually exclusive or disjoint if they cannot both occur at the same time. A clear example is the set of outcomes of a single coin toss, which can result in either heads or tails, but not both.
In the coin-tossing example, both outcomes are, in theory, ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques%20Hadamard | Jacques Salomon Hadamard (; 8 December 1865 – 17 October 1963) was a French mathematician who made major contributions in number theory, complex analysis, differential geometry and partial differential equations.
Biography
The son of a teacher, Amédée Hadamard, of Jewish descent, and Claire Marie Jeanne Picard, Hadam... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenic%20Statistical%20Authority | The Hellenic Statistical Authority ( ), known by its acronym ELSTAT (), is the national statistical service of Greece.
The purpose of ELSTAT is to produce, on a regular basis, official statistics, as well as to conduct statistical surveys which:
cover all the fields of activity of the public and private sector,
unde... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical%20morphology | Mathematical morphology (MM) is a theory and technique for the analysis and processing of geometrical structures, based on set theory, lattice theory, topology, and random functions. MM is most commonly applied to digital images, but it can be employed as well on graphs, surface meshes, solids, and many other spatial s... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totally%20real%20number%20field | In number theory, a number field F is called totally real if for each embedding of F into the complex numbers the image lies inside the real numbers. Equivalent conditions are that F is generated over Q by one root of an integer polynomial P, all of the roots of P being real; or that the tensor product algebra of F wit... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local%20analysis | In mathematics, the term local analysis has at least two meanings, both derived from the idea of looking at a problem relative to each prime number p first, and then later trying to integrate the information gained at each prime into a 'global' picture. These are forms of the localization approach.
Group theory
In gro... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan%20normal%20form | In linear algebra, a Jordan normal form, also known as a Jordan canonical form (JCF),
is an upper triangular matrix of a particular form called a Jordan matrix representing a linear operator on a finite-dimensional vector space with respect to some basis. Such a matrix has each non-zero off-diagonal entry equal to 1, i... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star%20polygon | In geometry, a star polygon is a type of non-convex polygon. Regular star polygons have been studied in depth; while star polygons in general appear not to have been formally defined, certain notable ones can arise through truncation operations on regular simple and star polygons.
Branko Grünbaum identified two prima... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honda%20Toshiaki | was a Japanese political economist in the late Edo period.
Born in Echigo, Toshiaki went to Edo to study astronomy, mathematics and kendo. At the age of 24, he opened his own school. He wrote A Secret Plan of Government (Keisei Hisaku; 経世秘策), in which he proposed lifting a ban of a foreign trade and colonization of E... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polynomial%20long%20division | In algebra, polynomial long division is an algorithm for dividing a polynomial by another polynomial of the same or lower degree, a generalized version of the familiar arithmetic technique called long division. It can be done easily by hand, because it separates an otherwise complex division problem into smaller ones. ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B6bius%20transformation | In geometry and complex analysis, a Möbius transformation of the complex plane is a rational function of the form
of one complex variable z; here the coefficients a, b, c, d are complex numbers satisfying .
Geometrically, a Möbius transformation can be obtained by first applying the inverse stereographic projection f... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octagon | In geometry, an octagon (from the Greek ὀκτάγωνον oktágōnon, "eight angles") is an eight-sided polygon or 8-gon.
A regular octagon has Schläfli symbol {8} and can also be constructed as a quasiregular truncated square, t{4}, which alternates two types of edges. A truncated octagon, t{8} is a hexadecagon, {16}. A 3D a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-form%20%28differential%20geometry%29 | In differential geometry, a one-form on a differentiable manifold is a smooth section of the cotangent bundle. Equivalently, a one-form on a manifold is a smooth mapping of the total space of the tangent bundle of to whose restriction to each fibre is a linear functional on the tangent space. Symbolically,
where i... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic%20division | In algebra, synthetic division is a method for manually performing Euclidean division of polynomials, with less writing and fewer calculations than long division.
It is mostly taught for division by linear monic polynomials (known as Ruffini's rule), but the method can be generalized to division by any polynomial.
Th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monic%20polynomial | In algebra, a monic polynomial is a non-zero univariate polynomial (that is, a polynomial in a single variable) in which the leading coefficient (the nonzero coefficient of highest degree) is equal to 1. That is to say, a monic polynomial is one that can be written as
with
Uses
Monic polynomials are widely used in ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boolean%20prime%20ideal%20theorem | In mathematics, the Boolean prime ideal theorem states that ideals in a Boolean algebra can be extended to prime ideals. A variation of this statement for filters on sets is known as the ultrafilter lemma. Other theorems are obtained by considering different mathematical structures with appropriate notions of ideals, ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideal | Ideal may refer to:
Philosophy
Ideal (ethics), values that one actively pursues as goals
Platonic ideal, a philosophical idea of trueness of form, associated with Plato
Mathematics
Ideal (ring theory), special subsets of a ring considered in abstract algebra
Ideal, special subsets of a semigroup
Ideal (order the... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelfand%E2%80%93Naimark%20theorem | In mathematics, the Gelfand–Naimark theorem states that an arbitrary C*-algebra A is isometrically *-isomorphic to a C*-subalgebra of bounded operators on a Hilbert space. This result was proven by Israel Gelfand and Mark Naimark in 1943 and was a significant point in the development of the theory of C*-algebras since... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isosceles%20triangle | In geometry, an isosceles triangle () is a triangle that has two sides of equal length. Sometimes it is specified as having exactly two sides of equal length, and sometimes as having at least two sides of equal length, the latter version thus including the equilateral triangle as a special case.
Examples of isosceles t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden%20angle | In geometry, the golden angle is the smaller of the two angles created by sectioning the circumference of a circle according to the golden ratio; that is, into two arcs such that the ratio of the length of the smaller arc to the length of the larger arc is the same as the ratio of the length of the larger arc to the fu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stem | Stem or STEM may refer to:
Plant stem, a structural axis of a vascular plant
Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics
Language and writing
Word stem, part of a word responsible for its lexical meaning
Stemming, a process in natural language processing
Stem (music), in music notation, the vertical lines... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Major%20League%20Baseball%20career%20games%20finished%20leaders | In baseball statistics, a relief pitcher is credited with a game finished (denoted by GF) if he is the last pitcher to pitch for his team in a game. A starting pitcher is not credited with a GF for pitching a complete game.
Mariano Rivera is the all-time leader in games finished with 952. Rivera is the only pitcher i... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putout | In baseball statistics, a putout (PO) is awarded to a defensive player who (generally while in secure possession of the ball) records an out by one of the following methods:
Tagging a runner with the ball when he is not touching a base (a tagout)
Catching a batted or thrown ball and tagging a base to put out a batte... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total%20chances | In baseball statistics, total chances (TC), also called chances offered, represents the number of plays in which a defensive player has participated. It is the sum of putouts plus assists plus errors. Chances accepted refers to the total of putouts and assists only.
See also
Fielding percentage
References
Fielding ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icosian%20calculus | The icosian calculus is a non-commutative algebraic structure discovered by the Irish mathematician William Rowan Hamilton in 1856.
In modern terms, he gave a group presentation of the icosahedral rotation group by generators and relations.
Hamilton's discovery derived from his attempts to find an algebra of "triplets... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darrell%20Huff | Darrell Huff (July 15, 1913 – June 27, 2001) was an American writer, and is best known as the author of How to Lie with Statistics (1954), the best-selling statistics book of the second half of the twentieth century. More than 50 years after it's publication, How to Lie with Statistics remains the most read statistics ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular%20error%20probable | In the military science of ballistics, circular error probable (CEP) (also circular error probability or circle of equal probability) is a measure of a weapon system's precision. It is defined as the radius of a circle, centered on the mean, whose perimeter is expected to enclose the landing points of 50% of the rounds... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibration | The notion of a fibration generalizes the notion of a fiber bundle and plays an important role in algebraic topology, a branch of mathematics.
Fibrations are used, for example, in Postnikov systems or obstruction theory.
In this article, all mappings are continuous mappings between topological spaces.
Formal definit... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incenter | In geometry, the incenter of a triangle is a triangle center, a point defined for any triangle in a way that is independent of the triangle's placement or scale. The incenter may be equivalently defined as the point where the internal angle bisectors of the triangle cross, as the point equidistant from the triangle's s... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ehrhart%20polynomial | In mathematics, an integral polytope has an associated Ehrhart polynomial that encodes the relationship between the volume of a polytope and the number of integer points the polytope contains. The theory of Ehrhart polynomials can be seen as a higher-dimensional generalization of Pick's theorem in the Euclidean plane.
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantization%20%28signal%20processing%29 | Quantization, in mathematics and digital signal processing, is the process of mapping input values from a large set (often a continuous set) to output values in a (countable) smaller set, often with a finite number of elements. Rounding and truncation are typical examples of quantization processes. Quantization is in... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cover%20%28topology%29 | In mathematics, and more particularly in set theory, a cover (or covering) of a set is a family of subsets of whose union is all of . More formally, if is an indexed family of subsets (indexed by the set ), then is a cover of if . Thus the collection is a cover of if each element of belongs to at least one of ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaussian%20rational | In mathematics, a Gaussian rational number is a complex number of the form p + qi, where p and q are both rational numbers.
The set of all Gaussian rationals forms the Gaussian rational field, denoted Q(i), obtained by adjoining the imaginary number i to the field of rationals Q.
Properties of the field
The field of G... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20Institute%20for%20Research%20in%20Computer%20Science%20and%20Automation | The National Institute for Research in Digital Science and Technology (Inria) () is a French national research institution focusing on computer science and applied mathematics.
It was created under the name French Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automation (IRIA) () in 1967 at Rocquencourt near Paris, p... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold%20Kronecker | Leopold Kronecker (; 7 December 1823 – 29 December 1891) was a German mathematician who worked on number theory, algebra and logic. He criticized Georg Cantor's work on set theory, and was quoted by as having said, "" ("God made the integers, all else is the work of man"). Kronecker was a student and lifelong friend o... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Halmos | Paul Richard Halmos (; March 3, 1916 – October 2, 2006) was a Hungarian-born American mathematician and statistician who made fundamental advances in the areas of mathematical logic, probability theory, statistics, operator theory, ergodic theory, and functional analysis (in particular, Hilbert spaces). He was also rec... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lie%20algebra%20representation | In the mathematical field of representation theory, a Lie algebra representation or representation of a Lie algebra is a way of writing a Lie algebra as a set of matrices (or endomorphisms of a vector space) in such a way that the Lie bracket is given by the commutator. In the language of physics, one looks for a vecto... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbolic%20space | In mathematics, hyperbolic space of dimension n is the unique simply connected, n-dimensional Riemannian manifold of constant sectional curvature equal to -1. It is homogeneous, and satisfies the stronger property of being a symmetric space. There are many ways to construct it as an open subset of with an explicitly w... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst%20Kummer | Ernst Eduard Kummer (29 January 1810 – 14 May 1893) was a German mathematician. Skilled in applied mathematics, Kummer trained German army officers in ballistics; afterwards, he taught for 10 years in a gymnasium, the German equivalent of high school, where he inspired the mathematical career of Leopold Kronecker.
Lif... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Well-founded%20relation | In mathematics, a binary relation is called well-founded (or wellfounded or foundational) on a class if every non-empty subset has a minimal element with respect to , that is, an element not related by (for instance, " is not smaller than ") for any . In other words, a relation is well founded if
Some authors inc... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index%20notation | In mathematics and computer programming, index notation is used to specify the elements of an array of numbers. The formalism of how indices are used varies according to the subject. In particular, there are different methods for referring to the elements of a list, a vector, or a matrix, depending on whether one is w... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affine%20variety | In algebraic geometry, an affine algebraic set is the set of the common zeros over an algebraically closed field of some family of polynomials in the polynomial ring An affine variety or affine algebraic variety, is an affine algebraic set such that the ideal generated by the defining polynomials is prime.
Some text... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projective%20variety | In algebraic geometry, a projective variety over an algebraically closed field k is a subset of some projective n-space over k that is the zero-locus of some finite family of homogeneous polynomials of n + 1 variables with coefficients in k, that generate a prime ideal, the defining ideal of the variety. Equivalently,... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarski%27s%20theorem%20about%20choice | In mathematics, Tarski's theorem, proved by , states that in ZF the theorem "For every infinite set , there is a bijective map between the sets and " implies the axiom of choice. The opposite direction was already known, thus the theorem and axiom of choice are equivalent.
Tarski told that when he tried to publish ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero%20morphism | In category theory, a branch of mathematics, a zero morphism is a special kind of morphism exhibiting properties like the morphisms to and from a zero object.
Definitions
Suppose C is a category, and f : X → Y is a morphism in C. The morphism f is called a constant morphism (or sometimes left zero morphism) if for any... |
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