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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan%20Vinogradov | Ivan Matveevich Vinogradov (; 14 September 1891 – 20 March 1983) was a Soviet mathematician, who was one of the creators of modern analytic number theory, and also a dominant figure in mathematics in the USSR. He was born in the Velikiye Luki district, Pskov Oblast. He graduated from the University of St. Petersburg, w... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1692%20in%20science | The year 1692 in science and technology:
Events
In the American colonies, the Salem witch trials develop, following 250 years of witch-hunts in Europe.
Mathematics
The tractrix, sometimes called a tractory or equitangential curve, is first studied by Christiaan Huygens, who gives it its name.
John Arbuthnot publis... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1640%20in%20science | The year 1640 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Botany
John Parkinson publishes Theatrum Botanicum:The Theater of Plants, or, An Herbal of a Large Extent.
Mathematics
The 16-year-old Blaise Pascal demonstrates the properties of the hexagrammum mysticum in his Essai pour les coniques which ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1659%20in%20science | The year 1659 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Astronomy
Christiaan Huygens publishes Systema Saturnium, including the first illustration of the Orion Nebula.
Mathematics
First known use of the term Abscissa, by Stefano degli Angeli.
Swiss mathematician Johann Rahn publishes Teutsche Alg... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift%20operator | In mathematics, and in particular functional analysis, the shift operator, also known as the translation operator, is an operator that takes a function
to its translation . In time series analysis, the shift operator is called the lag operator.
Shift operators are examples of linear operators, important for their sim... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1685%20in%20science | The year 1685 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Mathematics
Adam Adamandy Kochański publishes an approximation for squaring the circle.
Physiology and medicine
Charles Allen publishes the first book in English on dentistry, The Operator for the Teeth.
Govert Bidloo publishes an atlas of h... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1637%20in%20science | The year 1637 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Mathematics
René Descartes promotes intellectual rigour in Discours de la méthode pour bien conduire sa raison, et chercher la vérité dans les sciences and introduces the Cartesian coordinate system in its appendix La Géométrie (published in Le... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/169%20%28number%29 | 169 (one hundred [and] sixty-nine) is the natural number following 168 and preceding 170.
In mathematics
169 is an odd number, a composite number, and a deficient number.
169 is a square number: 13 × 13 = 169, and if each number is reversed the equation is still true: 31 × 31 = 961. 144 shares this property: 12 × 12 ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kikuchi%20District%2C%20Kumamoto | is a district located in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan.
As of the Koshi merger (but with 2003 population statistics), the district has an estimated population of 58,300 and a density of 427 persons per square kilometer. The total area is 136.66 km2.
Towns
Kikuyō
Ōzu
Mergers
See merger and dissolution of municipalities ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamimashiki%20District%2C%20Kumamoto | is a district located in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan.
As of the Yamato merger (but with 2003 population statistics), the district had an estimated population of 90,315 and a density of 115.2 persons per square kilometer. The total area is 784.03 km2.
Towns and villages
Kashima
Kōsa
Mashiki
Mifune
Yamato
Mergers
On Fe... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagell%E2%80%93Lutz%20theorem | In mathematics, the Nagell–Lutz theorem is a result in the diophantine geometry of elliptic curves, which describes rational torsion points on elliptic curves over the integers.
It is named for Trygve Nagell and Élisabeth Lutz.
Definition of the terms
Suppose that the equation
defines a non-singular cubic curve with ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrete%20group | In mathematics, a topological group G is called a discrete group if there is no limit point in it (i.e., for each element in G, there is a neighborhood which only contains that element). Equivalently, the group G is discrete if and only if its identity is isolated.
A subgroup H of a topological group G is a discrete ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20curves | This is a list of Wikipedia articles about curves used in different fields: mathematics (including geometry, statistics, and applied mathematics), physics, engineering, economics, medicine, biology, psychology, ecology, etc.
Mathematics (Geometry)
Algebraic curves
Rational curves
Rational curves are subdivided accor... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher%20equation | In financial mathematics and economics, the Fisher equation expresses the relationship between nominal interest rates, real interest rates, and inflation. Named after Irving Fisher, an American economist, it can be expressed as real interest rate ≈ nominal interest rate − inflation rate.
In more formal terms, where ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential%20sum | In mathematics, an exponential sum may be a finite Fourier series (i.e. a trigonometric polynomial), or other finite sum formed using the exponential function, usually expressed by means of the function
Therefore, a typical exponential sum may take the form
summed over a finite sequence of real numbers xn.
Formulati... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lattice%20%28group%29 | In geometry and group theory, a lattice in the real coordinate space is an infinite set of points in this space with the properties that coordinate-wise addition or subtraction of two points in the lattice produces another lattice point, that the lattice points are all separated by some minimum distance, and that ever... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lattice%20%28order%29 | A lattice is an abstract structure studied in the mathematical subdisciplines of order theory and abstract algebra. It consists of a partially ordered set in which every pair of elements has a unique supremum (also called a least upper bound or join) and a unique infimum (also called a greatest lower bound or meet). An... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20curves%20topics | This is an alphabetical index of articles related to curves used in mathematics.
Acnode
Algebraic curve
Arc
Asymptote
Asymptotic curve
Barbier's theorem
Bézier curve
Bézout's theorem
Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture
Bitangent
Bitangents of a quartic
Cartesian coordinate system
Caustic
Cesàro equation... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superalgebra | In mathematics and theoretical physics, a superalgebra is a Z2-graded algebra. That is, it is an algebra over a commutative ring or field with a decomposition into "even" and "odd" pieces and a multiplication operator that respects the grading.
The prefix super- comes from the theory of supersymmetry in theoretical ph... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California%20unemployment%20statistics | The following is a list of California unemployment statistics.
Many of the counties with the lowest unemployment rates had relatively high levels of income. They were also located in Northern California, with two exceptions: Orange and San Luis Obispo counties. The counties with the highest unemployment rates were gen... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithmic%20derivative | In mathematics, specifically in calculus and complex analysis, the logarithmic derivative of a function f is defined by the formula
where is the derivative of f. Intuitively, this is the infinitesimal relative change in f; that is, the infinitesimal absolute change in f, namely scaled by the current value of f.
Whe... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connection%20%28principal%20bundle%29 | In mathematics, and especially differential geometry and gauge theory, a connection is a device that defines a notion of parallel transport on the bundle; that is, a way to "connect" or identify fibers over nearby points. A principal G-connection on a principal G-bundle P over a smooth manifold M is a particular type o... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expectation%E2%80%93maximization%20algorithm | In statistics, an expectation–maximization (EM) algorithm is an iterative method to find (local) maximum likelihood or maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimates of parameters in statistical models, where the model depends on unobserved latent variables. The EM iteration alternates between performing an expectation (E) step,... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gona%C3%AFves | Gonaïves (; , ) is a commune in northern Haiti, and the capital of the Artibonite department of Haiti. It has a population of about 300,000 people, but current statistics are unclear, as there has been no census since 2003.
History
The city of Gonaïves was founded around 1422 by a group of Taíno, who named it Gonaibo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1673%20in%20science | The year 1673 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Mathematics
John Kersey begins publication of The Elements of that Mathematical Art Commonly Called Algebra.
Samuel Morland publishes A Perpetual Almanack and Several Useful Tables.
Microbiology
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek's observations with th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1622%20in%20science | The year 1622 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Mathematics
The slide rule is invented by William Oughtred (1574–1660), an English mathematician, and later becomes the calculating tool of choice until the electronic calculator takes over in the early 1970s.
Physiology and medicine
Gaspare ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition%20of%20an%20interval | In mathematics, a partition of an interval on the real line is a finite sequence of real numbers such that
.
In other terms, a partition of a compact interval is a strictly increasing sequence of numbers (belonging to the interval itself) starting from the initial point of and arriving at the final point of .
E... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuchsian%20group | In mathematics, a Fuchsian group is a discrete subgroup of PSL(2,R). The group PSL(2,R) can be regarded equivalently as a group of orientation-preserving isometries of the hyperbolic plane, or conformal transformations of the unit disc, or conformal transformations of the upper half plane, so a Fuchsian group can be re... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89l%C3%A9ments%20de%20g%C3%A9om%C3%A9trie%20alg%C3%A9brique | The Éléments de géométrie algébrique ("Elements of Algebraic Geometry") by Alexander Grothendieck (assisted by Jean Dieudonné), or EGA for short, is a rigorous treatise, in French, on algebraic geometry that was published (in eight parts or fascicles) from 1960 through 1967 by the Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiqu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20census%20divisions%20of%20Alberta | Statistics Canada divides the province of Alberta into nineteen census divisions. Unlike in some other provinces, census divisions do not reflect the organization of local government in Alberta. These areas exist solely for the purposes of statistical analysis and presentation; they have no government of their own.
Al... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaprekar%20number | In mathematics, a natural number in a given number base is a -Kaprekar number if the representation of its square in that base can be split into two parts, where the second part has digits, that add up to the original number. The numbers are named after D. R. Kaprekar.
Definition and properties
Let be a natural num... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divisible%20group | In mathematics, especially in the field of group theory, a divisible group is an abelian group in which every element can, in some sense, be divided by positive integers, or more accurately, every element is an nth multiple for each positive integer n. Divisible groups are important in understanding the structure of ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre%20Boutroux | Pierre Léon Boutroux (; 6 December 1880 – 15 August 1922) was a French mathematician and historian of science. Boutroux is chiefly known for his work in the history and philosophy of mathematics.
Biography
He was born in Paris on 6 December 1880 into a well connected family of the French intelligentsia. His father was... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtangent | In geometry, the subtangent and related terms are certain line segments defined using the line tangent to a curve at a given point and the coordinate axes. The terms are somewhat archaic today but were in common use until the early part of the 20th century.
Definitions
Let P = (x, y) be a point on a given curve with A... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serre%27s%20multiplicity%20conjectures | In mathematics, Serre's multiplicity conjectures, named after Jean-Pierre Serre, are certain purely algebraic problems, in commutative algebra, motivated by the needs of algebraic geometry. Since André Weil's initial definition of intersection numbers, around 1949, there had been a question of how to provide a more fle... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prior%20probability | A prior probability distribution of an uncertain quantity, often simply called the prior, is its assumed probability distribution before some evidence is taken into account. For example, the prior could be the probability distribution representing the relative proportions of voters who will vote for a particular politi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirszbraun%20theorem | In mathematics, specifically real analysis and functional analysis, the Kirszbraun theorem states that if is a subset of some Hilbert space , and is another Hilbert space, and
is a Lipschitz-continuous map, then there is a Lipschitz-continuous map
that extends and has the same Lipschitz constant as .
Note that ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1614%20in%20science | The year 1614 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Mathematics
Scottish mathematician John Napier publishes Mirifici Logarithmorum Canonis Descriptio ("Description of the Admirable Table of Logarithms"), outlining his discovery of logarithms and incorporating the decimal mark. Astronomer Johann... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20variational%20topics | This is a list of variational topics in from mathematics and physics. See calculus of variations for a general introduction.
Action (physics)
Averaged Lagrangian
Brachistochrone curve
Calculus of variations
Catenoid
Cycloid
Dirichlet principle
Euler–Lagrange equation cf. Action (physics)
Fermat's principle
Fu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformation%20geometry | In mathematics, transformation geometry (or transformational geometry) is the name of a mathematical and pedagogic take on the study of geometry by focusing on groups of geometric transformations, and properties that are invariant under them. It is opposed to the classical synthetic geometry approach of Euclidean geom... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injective%20module | In mathematics, especially in the area of abstract algebra known as module theory, an injective module is a module Q that shares certain desirable properties with the Z-module Q of all rational numbers. Specifically, if Q is a submodule of some other module, then it is already a direct summand of that module; also, giv... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injective%20object | In mathematics, especially in the field of category theory, the concept of injective object is a generalization of the concept of injective module. This concept is important in cohomology, in homotopy theory and in the theory of model categories. The dual notion is that of a projective object.
Definition
An object i... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutually%20orthogonal%20Latin%20squares | In combinatorial mathematics, two Latin squares of the same size (order) are said to be orthogonal if when superimposed the ordered paired entries in the positions are all distinct. A set of Latin squares, all of the same order, all pairs of which are orthogonal is called a set of mutually orthogonal Latin squares. Thi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaston%20Tarry | Gaston Tarry (27 September 1843 – 21 June 1913) was a French mathematician. Born in Villefranche de Rouergue, Aveyron, he studied mathematics at high school before joining the civil service in Algeria. He pursued mathematics as an amateur.
In 1901 Tarry confirmed Leonhard Euler's conjecture that no 6×6 Graeco-Latin sq... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical%20structure | A chemical structure of a molecule is a spatial arrangement of its atoms and their chemical bonds. Its determination includes a chemist's specifying the molecular geometry and, when feasible and necessary, the electronic structure of the target molecule or other solid. Molecular geometry refers to the spatial arrangeme... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inerting%20system | An inerting system decreases the probability of combustion of flammable materials stored in a confined space. The most common such system is a fuel tank containing a combustible liquid, such as gasoline, diesel fuel, aviation fuel, jet fuel, or rocket propellant. After being fully filled, and during use, there is a spa... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Module%20homomorphism | In algebra, a module homomorphism is a function between modules that preserves the module structures. Explicitly, if M and N are left modules over a ring R, then a function is called an R-module homomorphism or an R-linear map if for any x, y in M and r in R,
In other words, f is a group homomorphism (for the underly... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integral%20equation | In mathematics, integral equations are equations in which an unknown function appears under an integral sign. In mathematical notation, integral equations may thus be expressed as being of the form: where is an integral operator acting on u. Hence, integral equations may be viewed as the analog to differential equatio... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudo-spectral%20method | Pseudo-spectral methods, also known as discrete variable representation (DVR) methods, are a class of numerical methods used in applied mathematics and scientific computing for the solution of partial differential equations. They are closely related to spectral methods, but complement the basis by an additional pseudo-... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legendre%20transform%20%28integral%20transform%29 | In mathematics, Legendre transform is an integral transform named after the mathematician Adrien-Marie Legendre, which uses Legendre polynomials as kernels of the transform. Legendre transform is a special case of Jacobi transform.
The Legendre transform of a function is
The inverse Legendre transform is given by
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoscalar | In linear algebra, a pseudoscalar is a quantity that behaves like a scalar, except that it changes sign under a parity inversion while a true scalar does not.
A pseudoscalar, when multiplied by an ordinary vector, becomes a pseudovector (or axial vector); a similar construction creates the pseudotensor.
A pseudoscalar... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychohistory%20%28fictional%29 | Psychohistory is a fictional science in Isaac Asimov's Foundation universe which combines history, sociology, and mathematical statistics to make general predictions about the future behavior of very large groups of people, such as the Galactic Empire. It was first introduced in the four short stories (1942–1944) whic... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscillation%20%28mathematics%29 | In mathematics, the oscillation of a function or a sequence is a number that quantifies how much that sequence or function varies between its extreme values as it approaches infinity or a point. As is the case with limits, there are several definitions that put the intuitive concept into a form suitable for a mathemati... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact%20geometry | In mathematics, contact geometry is the study of a geometric structure on smooth manifolds given by a hyperplane distribution in the tangent bundle satisfying a condition called 'complete non-integrability'. Equivalently, such a distribution may be given (at least locally) as the kernel of a differential one-form, an... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1636%20in%20science | The year 1636 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Mathematics
Pierre de Fermat begins to circulate his work in analytic geometry in manuscript.
Muhammad Baqir Yazdi and René Descartes independently discover the pair of amicable numbers 9,363,584 and 9,437,056.
Physics
Marin Mersenne publish... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1653%20in%20science | The year 1653 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Biology
Jan van Kessel paints a series of pictures of insects and fruit.
Mathematics
Blaise Pascal publishes his Traité du triangle arithmétique in which he describes a convenient tabular presentation for binomial coefficients, now called Pasc... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kriging | In statistics, originally in geostatistics, kriging or Kriging, (pronounced /ˌˈkɹiːɡɪŋ/) also known as Gaussian process regression, is a method of interpolation based on Gaussian process governed by prior covariances. Under suitable assumptions of the prior, kriging gives the best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) at ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eda%20%28surname%29 | Eda is a Japanese surname that may refer to:
, mathematician specializing in set theory and algebraic topology
, independent Japanese politician
, Japanese marathon runner
, Japanese politician
, Japanese rower
, Japanese politician in the New Komeito Party
Japanese-language surnames |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierarchical%20clustering | In data mining and statistics, hierarchical clustering (also called hierarchical cluster analysis or HCA) is a method of cluster analysis that seeks to build a hierarchy of clusters. Strategies for hierarchical clustering generally fall into two categories:
Agglomerative: This is a "bottom-up" approach: Each observati... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitney%20embedding%20theorem | In mathematics, particularly in differential topology, there are two Whitney embedding theorems, named after Hassler Whitney:
The strong Whitney embedding theorem states that any smooth real -dimensional manifold (required also to be Hausdorff and second-countable) can be smoothly embedded in the real -space, if . Th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2520%20%28number%29 | 2520 (two thousand five hundred twenty) is the natural number following 2519 and preceding 2521.
In mathematics
2520 is:
the smallest number divisible by all integers from one to ten, i.e., it is their least common multiple.
half of 7! (5040), meaning 7 factorial, or .
the product of five consecutive numbers, namely .... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebraically%20compact%20module | In mathematics, algebraically compact modules, also called pure-injective modules, are modules that have a certain "nice" property which allows the solution of infinite systems of equations in the module by finitary means. The solutions to these systems allow the extension of certain kinds of module homomorphisms. Th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-discrepancy%20sequence | In mathematics, a low-discrepancy sequence is a sequence with the property that for all values of N, its subsequence x1, ..., xN has a low discrepancy.
Roughly speaking, the discrepancy of a sequence is low if the proportion of points in the sequence falling into an arbitrary set B is close to proportional to the meas... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphere%20eversion | In differential topology, sphere eversion is the process of turning a sphere inside out in a three-dimensional space (the word eversion means "turning inside out"). Remarkably, it is possible to smoothly and continuously turn a sphere inside out in this way (allowing self-intersections of the sphere's surface) without ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mii%20District%2C%20Fukuoka | is a district located in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan.
As of 2003 statistics (but following the merger of Kitano), the district has an estimated population of 15,378 and a density of 674 persons per km2. The total area is 22.83 km2.
Towns and villages
Tachiarai
Mergers
On February 5, 2005 the former town of Kitano merg... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mizuma%20District | is a district located in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan.
As of 2003 statistics and counting the decrease in size and population due to the Kurume merger, the district has an estimated population of 14,305 and a density of 776 persons per km2. The total area is 18.43 km2.
Towns and villages
Ōki
Mergers
On February 5, 20... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20cities%20and%20towns%20in%20Saudi%20Arabia | The following is a list of cities and towns in Saudi Arabia.
Alphabetical list of cities and towns
References
Central Department of Statistics and Information
Saudi Arabia, List of cities and towns in
Cities |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymmetric | Asymmetric may refer to:
Asymmetry in geometry, chemistry, and physics
Computing
Asymmetric cryptography, in public-key cryptography
Asymmetric digital subscriber line, Internet connectivity
Asymmetric multiprocessing, in computer architecture
Other
Asymmetric relation, in set theory
Asymmetric synthesis, in organic ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal%20group%20law | In mathematics, a formal group law is (roughly speaking) a formal power series behaving as if it were the product of a Lie group. They were introduced by . The term formal group sometimes means the same as formal group law, and sometimes means one of several generalizations. Formal groups are intermediate between Lie g... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homotopy%20principle | In mathematics, the homotopy principle (or h-principle) is a very general way to solve partial differential equations (PDEs), and more generally partial differential relations (PDRs). The h-principle is good for underdetermined PDEs or PDRs, such as the immersion problem, isometric immersion problem, fluid dynamics, a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L7 | L7 or L-7 may refer to:
Music
L7 (band), a grunge/metal band from Los Angeles, California
L7 (album), a 1988 album by the band
L-Seven, a post-punk band from Detroit, Michigan
Mathematics and technology
ISO/IEC 8859-13 (Latin-7), an 8-bit character encoding
L7, the application layer in the OSI model of computer ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gromov%E2%80%93Hausdorff%20convergence | In mathematics, Gromov–Hausdorff convergence, named after Mikhail Gromov and Felix Hausdorff, is a notion for convergence of metric spaces which is a generalization of Hausdorff convergence.
Gromov–Hausdorff distance
The Gromov–Hausdorff distance was introduced by David Edwards in 1975, and it was later rediscovered ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetration | In mathematics, tetration (or hyper-4) is an operation based on iterated, or repeated, exponentiation. There is no standard notation for tetration, though and the left-exponent xb are common.
Under the definition as repeated exponentiation, means , where copies of are iterated via exponentiation, right-to-left, i.... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polylogarithm | In mathematics, the polylogarithm (also known as Jonquière's function, for Alfred Jonquière) is a special function of order and argument . Only for special values of does the polylogarithm reduce to an elementary function such as the natural logarithm or a rational function. In quantum statistics, the polylogarithm ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closure%20operator | In mathematics, a closure operator on a set S is a function from the power set of S to itself that satisfies the following conditions for all sets
{| border="0"
|-
|
| (cl is extensive),
|-
|
| (cl is increasing),
|-
|
| (cl is idempotent).
|}
Closure operators are determined by their closed sets, i.e., by the se... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takaoka%20District%2C%20K%C5%8Dchi | is a district located in Kōchi Prefecture, Japan.
As of the Shimanto merger but with 2003 population statistics, the district has an estimated population of 68,854 and a density of 45.1 persons per km2. The total area is 1,527.65 km2.
Towns and villages
Nakatosa
Ochi
Sakawa
Shimanto
Tsuno
Yusuhara
Hidaka
Geography
A... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hata%20District%2C%20K%C5%8Dchi | is a district located in Kōchi Prefecture, Japan.
As of the Shimanto merger but with 2003 population statistics, the district has an estimated population of 22,402 and a density of 59.4 persons per km2. The total area is 376.77 km2.
Towns and villages
Kuroshio
Ōtsuki
Mihara
Mergers
On April 10, 2005 the old city of ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geodesic%20curvature | In Riemannian geometry, the geodesic curvature of a curve measures how far the curve is from being a geodesic. For example, for 1D curves on a 2D surface embedded in 3D space, it is the curvature of the curve projected onto the surface's tangent plane. More generally, in a given manifold , the geodesic curvature is j... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boquer%C3%B3n%20department | Boquerón () is a department in the western region of Paraguay. It is the country's largest department, with an area of , but, according to the statistics for 2021 by INE, its population is only 68,080, being the second least populated department. The department includes the Russian Mennonite colonies of Fernheim, Menno... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LINPACK | LINPACK is a software library for performing numerical linear algebra on digital computers.
It was written in Fortran by Jack Dongarra, Jim Bunch, Cleve Moler, and Gilbert Stewart, and was intended for use on supercomputers in the 1970s and early 1980s. It has been largely superseded by LAPACK, which runs more efficie... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibonacci%20polynomials | In mathematics, the Fibonacci polynomials are a polynomial sequence which can be considered as a generalization of the Fibonacci numbers. The polynomials generated in a similar way from the Lucas numbers are called Lucas polynomials.
Definition
These Fibonacci polynomials are defined by a recurrence relation:
The Luc... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICMC | ICMC may refer to:
International Catholic Migration Commission
International Computer Music Conference
The Indiana College Mathematics Competition
International Cryptographic Module Conference
Integrated Currency Management Centre
Inter College Music Competition
Integrated Call Management Centre |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spurious%20relationship | In statistics, a spurious relationship or spurious correlation is a mathematical relationship in which two or more events or variables are associated but not causally related, due to either coincidence or the presence of a certain third, unseen factor (referred to as a "common response variable", "confounding factor", ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nominal%20group | Nominal group may refer to:
Nominal group, alias for nominal category in statistics
Nominal group (functional grammar)
Nominal group technique, group decision-making technique |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Descriptive%20geometry | Descriptive geometry is the branch of geometry which allows the representation of three-dimensional objects in two dimensions by using a specific set of procedures. The resulting techniques are important for engineering, architecture, design and in art. The theoretical basis for descriptive geometry is provided by pl... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics%20New%20Zealand | Statistics New Zealand (), branded as Stats NZ, is the public service department of New Zealand charged with the collection of statistics related to the economy, population and society of New Zealand. To this end, Stats NZ produces censuses and surveys.
Organization
Statistics New Zealand employs people with a variety... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hairy%20ball%20theorem | The hairy ball theorem of algebraic topology (sometimes called the hedgehog theorem in Europe) states that there is no nonvanishing continuous tangent vector field on even-dimensional n-spheres. For the ordinary sphere, or 2‑sphere, if f is a continuous function that assigns a vector in R3 to every point p on a sphere ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keith%20number | In recreational mathematics, a Keith number or repfigit number (short for repetitive Fibonacci-like digit) is a natural number in a given number base with digits such that when a sequence is created such that the first terms are the digits of and each subsequent term is the sum of the previous terms, is part of... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Householder%20transformation | In linear algebra, a Householder transformation (also known as a Householder reflection or elementary reflector) is a linear transformation that describes a reflection about a plane or hyperplane containing the origin. The Householder transformation was used in a 1958 paper by Alston Scott Householder.
Its analogue ov... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A9non%20map | In mathematics, the Hénon map, sometimes called Hénon–Pomeau attractor/map, is a discrete-time dynamical system. It is one of the most studied examples of dynamical systems that exhibit chaotic behavior. The Hénon map takes a point in the plane and maps it to a new point
The map depends on two parameters, and , whic... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primitive%20ideal | In mathematics, specifically ring theory, a left primitive ideal is the annihilator of a (nonzero) simple left module. A right primitive ideal is defined similarly. Left and right primitive ideals are always two-sided ideals.
Primitive ideals are prime. The quotient of a ring by a left primitive ideal is a left primit... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiprimitive%20ring | In algebra, a semiprimitive ring or Jacobson semisimple ring or J-semisimple ring is a ring whose Jacobson radical is zero. This is a type of ring more general than a semisimple ring, but where simple modules still provide enough information about the ring. Rings such as the ring of integers are semiprimitive, and an ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primitive%20ring | In the branch of abstract algebra known as ring theory, a left primitive ring is a ring which has a faithful simple left module. Well known examples include endomorphism rings of vector spaces and Weyl algebras over fields of characteristic zero.
Definition
A ring R is said to be a left primitive ring if it has a fai... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/142%20%28number%29 | 142 (one hundred [and] forty-two) is the natural number following 141 and preceding 143.
In mathematics
There are 142 connected functional graphs on four labeled vertices, 142 planar graphs with 6 unlabeled vertices, and 142 partial involutions on five elements.
See also
The year AD 142 or 142 BC
List of highways n... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliquot%20sequence | In mathematics, an aliquot sequence is a sequence of positive integers in which each term is the sum of the proper divisors of the previous term. If the sequence reaches the number 1, it ends, since the sum of the proper divisors of 1 is 0.
Definition and overview
The aliquot sequence starting with a positive integer ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Lax | Peter David Lax (born Lax Péter Dávid; 1 May 1926) is a Hungarian-born American mathematician and Abel Prize laureate working in the areas of pure and applied mathematics.
Lax has made important contributions to integrable systems, fluid dynamics and shock waves, solitonic physics, hyperbolic conservation laws, and ma... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galois%20module | In mathematics, a Galois module is a G-module, with G being the Galois group of some extension of fields. The term Galois representation is frequently used when the G-module is a vector space over a field or a free module over a ring in representation theory, but can also be used as a synonym for G-module. The study of... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaussian%20field | Gaussian field may refer to:
A field of Gaussian rationals in number theory
Gaussian free field, a concept in statistical mechanics
A Gaussian random field, a field of Gaussian-distributed random variables |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytics | Analytics is the systematic computational analysis of data or statistics. It is used for the discovery, interpretation, and communication of meaningful patterns in data. It also entails applying data patterns toward effective decision-making. It can be valuable in areas rich with recorded information; analytics relies ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information%20geometry | Information geometry is an interdisciplinary field that applies the techniques of differential geometry to study probability theory and statistics. It studies statistical manifolds, which are Riemannian manifolds whose points correspond to probability distributions.
Introduction
Historically, information geometry ... |
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