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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre-Louis%20Lions | Pierre-Louis Lions (; born 11 August 1956) is a French mathematician. He is known for a number of contributions to the fields of partial differential equations and the calculus of variations. He was a recipient of the 1994 Fields Medal and the 1991 Prize of the Philip Morris tobacco and cigarette company.
Biography
Li... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derive%20%28computer%20algebra%20system%29 | Derive was a computer algebra system, developed as a successor to muMATH by the Soft Warehouse in Honolulu, Hawaii, now owned by Texas Instruments. Derive was implemented in , also by Soft Warehouse. The first release was in 1988 for DOS. It was discontinued on June 29, 2007, in favor of the TI-Nspire CAS. The final ve... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random%20minimum%20spanning%20tree | In mathematics, a random minimum spanning tree may be formed by assigning random weights from some distribution to the edges of an undirected graph, and then constructing the minimum spanning tree of the graph.
When the given graph is a complete graph on vertices, and the edge weights have a continuous distribution f... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aida%20Yasuaki | also known as Aida Ammei, was a Japanese mathematician in the Edo period.
He made significant contributions to the fields of number theory and geometry, and furthered methods for simplifying continued fractions.
Aida created an original symbol for "equal". This was the first appearance of the notation for equal in E... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projective%20line%20over%20a%20ring | In mathematics, the projective line over a ring is an extension of the concept of projective line over a field. Given a ring A with 1, the projective line P(A) over A consists of points identified by projective coordinates. Let U be the group of units of A; pairs and from are related when there is a u in U such tha... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seifert%20conjecture | In mathematics, the Seifert conjecture states that every nonsingular, continuous vector field on the 3-sphere has a closed orbit. It is named after Herbert Seifert. In a 1950 paper, Seifert asked if such a vector field exists, but did not phrase non-existence as a conjecture. He also established the conjecture for p... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen%20Stigler | Stephen Mack Stigler (born August 10, 1941) is the Ernest DeWitt Burton Distinguished Service Professor at the Department of Statistics of the University of Chicago. He has authored several books on the history of statistics; he is the son of the economist George Stigler.
Stigler is also known for Stigler's law of epo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branched%20surface | In mathematics, a branched surface is a generalization of both surfaces and train tracks.
Definition
A surface is a space that locally looks like ℝ² (up to homeomorphism).
Consider, however, the space obtained by taking the quotient of two copies A,B of ℝ² under the identification of a closed half-space of each wit... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branched%20manifold | In mathematics, a branched manifold is a generalization of a differentiable manifold which may have singularities of very restricted type and admits a well-defined tangent space at each point. A branched n-manifold is covered by n-dimensional "coordinate charts", each of which involves one or several "branches" homeomo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Train%20track%20%28mathematics%29 | In the mathematical area of topology, a train track is a family of curves embedded on a surface, meeting the following conditions:
The curves meet at a finite set of vertices called switches.
Away from the switches, the curves are smooth and do not touch each other.
At each switch, three curves meet with the same tange... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G-structure%20on%20a%20manifold | In differential geometry, a G-structure on an n-manifold M, for a given structure group G, is a principal G-subbundle of the tangent frame bundle FM (or GL(M)) of M.
The notion of G-structures includes various classical structures that can be defined on manifolds, which in some cases are tensor fields. For example, fo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler%20brick | In mathematics, an Euler brick, named after Leonhard Euler, is a rectangular cuboid whose edges and face diagonals all have integer lengths. A primitive Euler brick is an Euler brick whose edge lengths are relatively prime. A perfect Euler brick is one whose space diagonal is also an integer, but such a brick has not y... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Related%20rates | In differential calculus, related rates problems involve finding a rate at which a quantity changes by relating that quantity to other quantities whose rates of change are known. The rate of change is usually with respect to time. Because science and engineering often relate quantities to each other, the methods of r... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyer | Boyer () is a French surname. In rarer cases, it can be a corruption or deliberate alteration of other names.
Origins and statistics
Boyer is found traditionally along the Mediterranean (Provence, Languedoc), the Rhône valley, Auvergne, Limousin, Périgord and more generally in the Southwest of France. It is also fou... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3zef%20H.%20Przytycki | Józef Henryk Przytycki (, ; born 14 October 1953 in Warsaw, Poland), is a Polish mathematician specializing in the fields of knot theory and topology.
Academic background
Przytycki received a Master of Science degree in mathematics from University of Warsaw in 1977 and a PhD in mathematics from Columbia University (1... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilbert%27s%20syzygy%20theorem | In mathematics, Hilbert's syzygy theorem is one of the three fundamental theorems about polynomial rings over fields, first proved by David Hilbert in 1890, which were introduced for solving important open questions in invariant theory, and are at the basis of modern algebraic geometry. The two other theorems are Hilbe... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ain%20Zaatout | {
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Ain Zaatout () is the administrative name of a mountaino... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthant | In geometry, an orthant or hyperoctant is the analogue in n-dimensional Euclidean space of a quadrant in the plane or an octant in three dimensions.
In general an orthant in n-dimensions can be considered the intersection of n mutually orthogonal half-spaces. By independent selections of half-space signs, there are 2n... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbolic%20triangle | In hyperbolic geometry, a hyperbolic triangle is a triangle in the hyperbolic plane. It consists of three line segments called sides or edges and three points called angles or vertices.
Just as in the Euclidean case, three points of a hyperbolic space of an arbitrary dimension always lie on the same plane. Hence plana... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbolic%20metric%20space | In mathematics, a hyperbolic metric space is a metric space satisfying certain metric relations (depending quantitatively on a nonnegative real number δ) between points. The definition, introduced by Mikhael Gromov, generalizes the metric properties of classical hyperbolic geometry and of trees. Hyperbolicity is a larg... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometry%20template | A geometry template is a piece of clear plastic with cut-out shapes for use in mathematics and other subjects in primary school through secondary school. It also has various measurements on its sides to be used like a ruler. In Australia, popular brands include Mathomat and MathAid.
Brands
Mathomat and Mathaid
Matho... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard%20Science%20Center | The Harvard University Science Center is Harvard's main classroom and laboratory building for undergraduate science and mathematics, in addition to housing numerous other facilities and services.
Located just north of Harvard Yard, the Science Center was built in 1972 and opened in 1973 after a design by Josep Lluís S... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretzel%20knot | A Pretzel knot may refer to:
Pretzel link: a concept in mathematics
Soft pretzel with garlic
Stafford knot: a rope knot used in sailing and heraldry |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correspondence%20theorem | In group theory, the correspondence theorem (also the lattice theorem, and variously and ambiguously the third and fourth isomorphism theorem) states that if is a normal subgroup of a group , then there exists a bijection from the set of all subgroups of containing , onto the set of all subgroups of the quotient gro... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertex%20operator%20algebra | In mathematics, a vertex operator algebra (VOA) is an algebraic structure that plays an important role in two-dimensional conformal field theory and string theory. In addition to physical applications, vertex operator algebras have proven useful in purely mathematical contexts such as monstrous moonshine and the geome... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stueckelberg%20action | In field theory, the Stueckelberg action (named after Ernst Stueckelberg) describes a massive spin-1 field as an R (the real numbers are the Lie algebra of U(1)) Yang–Mills theory coupled to a real scalar field . This scalar field takes on values in a real 1D affine representation of R with as the coupling strength.
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher%20Education%20Statistics%20Agency | The Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA) was the official agency for the collection, analysis and dissemination of quantitative information about higher education in the United Kingdom. HESA became a directorate of Jisc after a merger in 2022.
HESA was set up by agreement between the relevant government departmen... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word%20metric | In group theory, a word metric on a discrete group is a way to measure distance between any two elements of . As the name suggests, the word metric is a metric on , assigning to any two elements , of a distance that measures how efficiently their difference can be expressed as a word whose letters come from a gene... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archimedean | Archimedean means of or pertaining to or named in honor of the Greek mathematician Archimedes and may refer to:
Mathematics
Archimedean absolute value
Archimedean circle
Archimedean constant
Archimedean copula
Archimedean field
Archimedean group
Archimedean point
Archimedean property
Archimedean solid
Archimedean spir... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Spearman | Charles Edward Spearman, FRS (10 September 1863 – 17 September 1945) was an English psychologist known for work in statistics, as a pioneer of factor analysis, and for Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. He also did seminal work on models for human intelligence, including his theory that disparate cognitive test s... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walsh%20matrix | In mathematics, a Walsh matrix is a specific square matrix of dimensions 2, where n is some particular natural number. The entries of the matrix are either +1 or −1 and its rows as well as columns are orthogonal, i.e. dot product is zero. The Walsh matrix was proposed by Joseph L. Walsh in 1923. Each row of a Walsh ma... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan%20ben%20Joseph | Jonathan ben Joseph was a Lithuanian rabbi and astronomer who lived in Risenoi, Grodno in the late 17th century and early 18th century. Jonathan studied astronomy and mathematics.
In 1710 Jonathan and his family lived a year in the fields due to a plague at Risenoi. He vowed that, on surviving, he would spread astron... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Property%20P%20conjecture | In mathematics, the Property P conjecture is a statement about 3-manifolds obtained by Dehn surgery on a knot in the 3-sphere. A knot in the 3-sphere is said to have Property P if every 3-manifold obtained by performing (non-trivial) Dehn surgery on the knot is not simply-connected. The conjecture states that all knots... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges%20Henri%20Halphen | Georges-Henri Halphen (; 30 October 1844, Rouen – 23 May 1889, Versailles) was a French mathematician. He was known for his work in geometry, particularly in enumerative geometry and the singularity theory of algebraic curves, in algebraic geometry. He also worked on invariant theory and projective differential geometr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-Archimedean | In mathematics and physics, non-Archimedean refers to something without the Archimedean property. This includes:
Ultrametric space
notably, p-adic numbers
Non-Archimedean ordered field, namely:
Levi-Civita field
Hyperreal numbers
Surreal numbers
Dehn planes
Non-Archimedean time in theoretical physics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Goldman%20%28mathematician%29 | William Mark Goldman (born 1955 in Kansas City, Missouri) is a professor of mathematics at the University of Maryland, College Park (since 1986). He received a B.A. in mathematics from Princeton University in 1977, and a Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of California, Berkeley in 1980.
Research contributions
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topology%20%28disambiguation%29 | Topology is a branch of mathematics concerned with geometric properties preserved under continuous deformation (stretching without tearing or gluing).
Topology may also refer to:
Math
Topology, the collection of open sets used to define a topological space
Algebraic topology
Differential topology
Discrete topology
G... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute%20for%20Research%20in%20Fundamental%20Sciences | The Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM; , Pazhuheshgah-e Daneshhai-ye Boniadi), previously Institute for Studies in Theoretical Physics and Mathematics, is an advanced public research institute in Tehran, Iran. IPM is directed by Mohammad-Javad Larijani, its original founder. The institute was the firs... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHL%20Plus-Minus%20Award | The NHL Plus-Minus Award was a trophy awarded annually by the National Hockey League to the ice hockey "player, having played a minimum of 60 games, who leads the league in plus-minus statistics." It was sponsored by a commercial business, and it had been known under five different names. First given for performance du... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leibniz%20formula%20for%20%CF%80 | In mathematics, the Leibniz formula for , named after Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, states that
an alternating series. It is sometimes called the Madhava–Leibniz series as it was first discovered by the Indian mathematician Madhava of Sangamagrama or his followers in the 14th–15th century (see Madhava series), and was la... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallis%20product | In mathematics, the Wallis product for , published in 1656 by John Wallis, states that
Proof using integration
Wallis derived this infinite product using interpolation, though his method is not regarded as rigorous. A modern derivation can be found by examining for even and odd values of , and noting that for large... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiral%20%28disambiguation%29 | A spiral is a curve which emanates from a central point, getting progressively farther away as it revolves around the point.
Spiral may also refer to:
Science, mathematics and art
Spiral galaxy, a type of galaxy in astronomy
Spiral Dynamics, a theory of human development
Spiral cleavage, a type of cleavage in embr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich%20Gr%C3%A4fe | Heinrich Gräfe or Graefe (March 3, 1802 – July 22, 1868), German educator, was born at Buttstädt in Saxe-Weimar.
He studied mathematics and theology at Jena, and in 1823 obtained a curacy in the town church of Weimar. He was transferred to Jena as rector of the town school in 1825; in 1840 he was also appointed extrao... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish%20Mathematical%20Society | The Irish Mathematical Society () or IMS is the main professional organisation for mathematicians in Ireland. The society aims to further mathematics and mathematical research in Ireland. Its membership is international, but it mainly represents mathematicians in universities and other third level institutes in Irelan... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Round | Round or rounds may refer to:
Mathematics and science
The contour of a closed curve or surface with no sharp corners, such as an ellipse, circle, rounded rectangle, cant, or sphere
Rounding, the shortening of a number to reduce the number of significant figures it contains
Round number, a number that ends with one ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense%20independent%20pitching%20statistics | In baseball, defense-independent pitching statistics (DIPS) (also referred to as fielding-independent pitching, or FIP) is intended to measure a pitcher's effectiveness based only on statistics that do not involve fielders (except the catcher). These include home runs allowed, strikeouts, hit batters, walks, and, more ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics%20relating%20to%20enlargement%20of%20the%20European%20Union | This is a sequence of tables giving statistical data for past and future enlargements of the European Union. All data refer to the populations, land areas, and gross domestic products (GDP) of the respective countries at the time of their accession to the European Union, illustrating historically accurate changes to th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixing%20%28mathematics%29 | In mathematics, mixing is an abstract concept originating from physics: the attempt to describe the irreversible thermodynamic process of mixing in the everyday world: e.g. mixing paint, mixing drinks, industrial mixing.
The concept appears in ergodic theory—the study of stochastic processes and measure-preserving dyn... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imputation | Imputation can refer to:
Imputation (law), the concept that ignorance of the law does not excuse
Imputation (statistics), substitution of some value for missing data
Imputation (genetics), estimation of unmeasured genotypes
Theory of imputation, the theory that factor prices are determined by output prices
Imputation ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imputation%20%28statistics%29 | In statistics, imputation is the process of replacing missing data with substituted values. When substituting for a data point, it is known as "unit imputation"; when substituting for a component of a data point, it is known as "item imputation". There are three main problems that missing data causes: missing data can ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphenoid | Sphenoid may refer to:
Sphenoid bone, a bone in anatomy
Sphenoid (geometry), a tetrahedron with 2-fold mirror or rotation symmetry |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L-space | L-space may refer to:
The classical function spaces Lp and
L-space (topology), a hereditarily Lindelöf space
The Banach lattice, an abstract normed Riesz space
A location in the fictional Discworld setting |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced%20z-transform | In mathematics and signal processing, the advanced z-transform is an extension of the z-transform, to incorporate ideal delays that are not multiples of the sampling time. It takes the form
where
T is the sampling period
m (the "delay parameter") is a fraction of the sampling period
It is also known as the modifie... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origin%20%28mathematics%29 | In mathematics, the origin of a Euclidean space is a special point, usually denoted by the letter O, used as a fixed point of reference for the geometry of the surrounding space.
In physical problems, the choice of origin is often arbitrary, meaning any choice of origin will ultimately give the same answer. This allow... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirac%20comb | In mathematics, a Dirac comb (also known as sha function, impulse train or sampling function) is a periodic function with the formula
for some given period . Here t is a real variable and the sum extends over all integers k. The Dirac delta function and the Dirac comb are tempered distributions. The graph of the func... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPN | NPN may refer to:
Science and technology
Next Protocol Negotiation, in computer networking
Non-protein nitrogen, an animal feed component
NPN transistor
Normal Polish notation, in mathematics
Organisations
National Party of Nigeria, a former political party
New Politics Network, a UK think tank
Other uses
Nat... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diagonal%20subgroup | In the mathematical discipline of group theory, for a given group the diagonal subgroup of the n-fold direct product is the subgroup
This subgroup is isomorphic to
Properties and applications
If acts on a set the n-fold diagonal subgroup has a natural action on the Cartesian product induced by the action of on... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E7 | E7, E07, E-7 or E7 may refer to:
Science and engineering
E7 liquid crystal mixture
E7, the Lie group in mathematics
E7 polytope, in geometry
E7 papillomavirus protein
E7 European long distance path
Transport
EMD E7, a diesel locomotive
European route E07, an international road
Peugeot E7, a hackney cab
PRR E... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/152%20%28number%29 | 152 (one hundred [and] fifty-two) is the natural number following 151 and preceding 153.
In mathematics
152 is the sum of four consecutive primes (31 + 37 + 41 + 43). It is a nontotient since there is no integer with 152 coprimes below it.
152 is a refactorable number since it is divisible by the total number of divi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secant | Secant is a term in mathematics derived from the Latin secare ("to cut"). It may refer to:
a secant line, in geometry
the secant variety, in algebraic geometry
secant (trigonometry) (Latin: secans), the multiplicative inverse (or reciprocal) trigonometric function of the cosine
the secant method, a root-finding alg... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khieu%20Rada | Khieu Rada (born April 15, 1949 in Battambang) is a Cambodian politician. He is the son of Khieu In and Sing Tep.
Education
C final exam (1969), M.G.P. (Physical General mathematics - 1970)
S.P.C.N. (Sciences, Physical, Natural Chemistry), Master es Sciences (1973)
C.N.A.M. (General mathematics - 1982) in France
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robot%20kinematics | In robotics, robot kinematics applies geometry to the study of the movement of multi-degree of freedom kinematic chains that form the structure of robotic systems. The emphasis on geometry means that the links of the robot are modeled as rigid bodies and its joints are assumed to provide pure rotation or translation.
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screw%20theory | Screw theory is the algebraic calculation of pairs of vectors, such as forces and moments or angular and linear velocity, that arise in the kinematics and dynamics of rigid bodies. The mathematical framework was developed by Sir Robert Stawell Ball in 1876 for application in kinematics and statics of mechanisms (rigid... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/172%20%28number%29 | 172 (one hundred [and] seventy-two) is the natural number following 171 and preceding 173.
In mathematics
172 is a part of a near-miss for being a counterexample to Fermat's last theorem, as 1353 + 1383 = 1723 − 1. This is only the third near-miss of this form, two cubes adding to one less than a third cube. It is als... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MSSM | MSSM may refer to:
Maine School of Science and Mathematics
Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model
Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Master of Science degree in Systems Management |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homotopical%20algebra | In mathematics, homotopical algebra is a collection of concepts comprising the nonabelian aspects of homological algebra, and possibly the abelian aspects as special cases. The homotopical nomenclature stems from the fact that a common approach to such generalizations is via abstract homotopy theory, as in nonabelian... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/99942%20Apophis | 99942 Apophis is a near-Earth asteroid and a potentially hazardous object with a diameter of that caused a brief period of concern in December 2004 when initial observations indicated a probability up to 2.7% that it would hit Earth on April 13, 2029. Additional observations provided improved predictions that eliminat... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasi-projective%20variety | In mathematics, a quasi-projective variety in algebraic geometry is a locally closed subset of a projective variety, i.e., the intersection inside some projective space of a Zariski-open and a Zariski-closed subset. A similar definition is used in scheme theory, where a quasi-projective scheme is a locally closed subsc... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integral%20curve | In mathematics, an integral curve is a parametric curve that represents a specific solution to an ordinary differential equation or system of equations.
Name
Integral curves are known by various other names, depending on the nature and interpretation of the differential equation or vector field. In physics, integral c... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Singmaster | David Breyer Singmaster (14 December 1938 – 13 February 2023) was an American-British mathematician who was emeritus professor of mathematics at London South Bank University, England. He had a huge personal collection of mechanical puzzles and books of brain teasers. He was most famous for being an early adopter and en... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markov%20random%20field | In the domain of physics and probability, a Markov random field (MRF), Markov network or undirected graphical model is a set of random variables having a Markov property described by an undirected graph. In other words, a random field is said to be a Markov random field if it satisfies Markov properties. The concept or... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaspard%20Monge%27s%20mausoleum | Gaspard Monge, whose remains are deposited in the burying ground in Père Lachaise Cemetery, at Paris, in a magnificent mausoleum, was professor of geometry in the École polytechnique at Paris, and with Denon accompanied Napoleon Bonaparte on his memorable expedition to Egypt; one to make drawings of the architectural a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yves%20Balasko | Yves Balasko is a French economist working in England. He was born in Paris on 9 August 1945 to a Hungarian father and a French mother. After studying mathematics at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris he became interested in economics. He subsequently spent six years at Électricité de France where he was involved i... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo%20Dingler | Hugo Albert Emil Hermann Dingler (July 7, 1881, Munich – June 29, 1954, Munich) was a German scientist and philosopher.
Life
Hugo Dingler studied mathematics, philosophy, and physics with Felix Klein, Hermann Minkowski, David Hilbert, Edmund Husserl, Woldemar Voigt, and Wilhem Roentgen at the universities of Göttingen... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiyosi%20It%C3%B4 | was a Japanese mathematician who made fundamental contributions to probability theory, in particular, the theory of stochastic processes. He invented the concept of stochastic integral and stochastic differential equation, and is known as the founder of so-called Itô calculus.
Overview
Itô pioneered the theory of st... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond%20Mayo-Smith | Richmond Mayo-Smith (February 9, 1854 – November 11, 1901) was an American economist noted for his work in statistics. He was born in Troy, Ohio, educated at Amherst College (graduating in 1875), then at Berlin and Heidelberg University. He became assistant professor of economics at Columbia University in 1877. He was ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keith%20Geddes | Keith Oliver Geddes (born 1947) is a professor emeritus in the David R. Cheriton School of Computer Science within the Faculty of Mathematics at the University of Waterloo in Waterloo, Ontario. He is a former director of the Symbolic Computation Group in the School of Computer Science. He received a BA in Mathematic... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indefinite | Indefinite may refer to:
the opposite of definite in grammar
indefinite article
indefinite pronoun
Indefinite integral, another name for the antiderivative
Indefinite forms in algebra, see definite quadratic forms
an indefinite matrix
See also
Eternity
NaN
Undefined (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open%20problem | In science and mathematics, an open problem or an open question is a known problem which can be accurately stated, and which is assumed to have an objective and verifiable solution, but which has not yet been solved (i.e., no solution for it is known).
In the history of science, some of these supposed open problems we... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiedemann%20Giese | Tiedemann Giese (1 June 1480 – 23 October 1550), was Bishop of Kulm (Chełmno) first canon, later Prince-Bishop of Warmia (Ermland)wwhose hose interest in mathematics, astronomy, and theology led him to mentor a number of important young scholars, including Copernicus. He was a prolific writer and correspondent, publish... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continued%20fraction%20factorization | In number theory, the continued fraction factorization method (CFRAC) is an integer factorization algorithm. It is a general-purpose algorithm, meaning that it is suitable for factoring any integer n, not depending on special form or properties. It was described by D. H. Lehmer and R. E. Powers in 1931, and developed a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butterfly%20theorem | The butterfly theorem is a classical result in Euclidean geometry, which can be stated as follows:
Let be the midpoint of a chord of a circle, through which two other chords and are drawn; and intersect chord at and correspondingly. Then is the midpoint of .
Proof
A formal proof of the theorem is as follow... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartan%20subalgebra | In mathematics, a Cartan subalgebra, often abbreviated as CSA, is a nilpotent subalgebra of a Lie algebra that is self-normalising (if for all , then ). They were introduced by Élie Cartan in his doctoral thesis. It controls the representation theory of a semi-simple Lie algebra over a field of characteristic .
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop%20algebra | In mathematics, loop algebras are certain types of Lie algebras, of particular interest in theoretical physics.
Definition
For a Lie algebra over a field , if is the space of Laurent polynomials, then
with the inherited bracket
Geometric definition
If is a Lie algebra, the tensor product of with , the algebra ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topological%20property | In topology and related areas of mathematics, a topological property or topological invariant is a property of a topological space that is invariant under homeomorphisms. Alternatively, a topological property is a proper class of topological spaces which is closed under homeomorphisms. That is, a property of spaces is ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross%20section | Cross section may refer to:
Cross section (geometry)
Cross-sectional views in architecture & engineering 3D
Cross section (geology)
Cross section (electronics)
Radar cross section, measure of detectability
Cross section (physics)
Absorption cross section
Nuclear cross section
Neutron cross section
Photoionisation c... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross%20section%20%28geometry%29 | In geometry and science, a cross section is the non-empty intersection of a solid body in three-dimensional space with a plane, or the analog in higher-dimensional spaces. Cutting an object into slices creates many parallel cross-sections. The boundary of a cross-section in three-dimensional space that is parallel to t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space%20diagonal | In geometry, a space diagonal (also interior diagonal or body diagonal) of a polyhedron is a line connecting two vertices that are not on the same face. Space diagonals contrast with face diagonals, which connect vertices on the same face (but not on the same edge) as each other.
For example, a pyramid has no space di... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semisimple%20Lie%20algebra | In mathematics, a Lie algebra is semisimple if it is a direct sum of simple Lie algebras. (A simple Lie algebra is a non-abelian Lie algebra without any non-zero proper ideals).
Throughout the article, unless otherwise stated, a Lie algebra is a finite-dimensional Lie algebra over a field of characteristic 0. For such... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinite-dimensional%20holomorphy | In mathematics, infinite-dimensional holomorphy is a branch of functional analysis. It is concerned with generalizations of the concept of holomorphic function to functions defined and taking values in complex Banach spaces (or Fréchet spaces more generally), typically of infinite dimension. It is one aspect of nonline... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle%20of%20parallelism | In hyperbolic geometry, angle of parallelism is the angle at the non-right angle vertex of a right hyperbolic triangle having two asymptotic parallel sides. The angle depends on the segment length a between the right angle and the vertex of the angle of parallelism.
Given a point not on a line, drop a perpendicular... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engel%27s%20theorem | In representation theory, a branch of mathematics, Engel's theorem states that a finite-dimensional Lie algebra is a nilpotent Lie algebra if and only if for each , the adjoint map
given by , is a nilpotent endomorphism on ; i.e., for some k. It is a consequence of the theorem, also called Engel's theorem, which say... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artin%E2%80%93Mazur%20zeta%20function | In mathematics, the Artin–Mazur zeta function, named after Michael Artin and Barry Mazur, is a function that is used for studying the iterated functions that occur in dynamical systems and fractals.
It is defined from a given function as the formal power series
where is the set of fixed points of the th iterate of ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihara%20zeta%20function | In mathematics, the Ihara zeta function is a zeta function associated with a finite graph. It closely resembles the Selberg zeta function, and is used to relate closed walks to the spectrum of the adjacency matrix. The Ihara zeta function was first defined by Yasutaka Ihara in the 1960s in the context of discrete subgr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lerch%20zeta%20function | In mathematics, the Lerch zeta function, sometimes called the Hurwitz–Lerch zeta function, is a special function that generalizes the Hurwitz zeta function and the polylogarithm. It is named after Czech mathematician Mathias Lerch, who published a paper about the function in 1887.
Definition
The Lerch zeta function i... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seifert%20surface | In mathematics, a Seifert surface (named after German mathematician Herbert Seifert) is an orientable surface whose boundary is a given knot or link.
Such surfaces can be used to study the properties of the associated knot or link. For example, many knot invariants are most easily calculated using a Seifert surface. S... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform%20isomorphism | In the mathematical field of topology a uniform isomorphism or is a special isomorphism between uniform spaces that respects uniform properties. Uniform spaces with uniform maps form a category. An isomorphism between uniform spaces is called a uniform isomorphism.
Definition
A function between two uniform spaces ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediator | Mediator may refer to:
A person who engages in mediation
Business mediator, a mediator in business
Vanishing mediator, a philosophical concept
Mediator variable, in statistics
Chemistry and biology
Mediator (coactivator), a multiprotein complex that functions as a transcriptional coactivator
Endogenous mediator, pro... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Position%20%28geometry%29 | In geometry, a position or position vector, also known as location vector or radius vector, is a Euclidean vector that represents the position of a point P in space in relation to an arbitrary reference origin O. Usually denoted x, r, or s, it corresponds to the straight line segment from O to P.
In other words, it is ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer%20operator | In mathematics, the transfer operator encodes information about an iterated map and is frequently used to study the behavior of dynamical systems, statistical mechanics, quantum chaos and fractals. In all usual cases, the largest eigenvalue is 1, and the corresponding eigenvector is the invariant measure of the system.... |
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