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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/End%20mill
An end mill is a type of milling cutter, a cutting tool used in industrial milling applications. It is distinguished from the drill bit in its application, geometry, and manufacture. While a drill bit can only cut in the axial direction, most milling bits can cut in the radial direction. Not all mills can cut axially;...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tricategory
In mathematics, a tricategory is a kind of structure of category theory studied in higher-dimensional category theory. Whereas a weak 2-category is said to be a bicategory, a weak 3-category is said to be a tricategory (Gordon, Power & Street 1995; Baez & Dolan 1996; Leinster 1998). Tetracategories are the correspond...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khovanov%20homology
In mathematics, Khovanov homology is an oriented link invariant that arises as the cohomology of a cochain complex. It may be regarded as a categorification of the Jones polynomial. It was developed in the late 1990s by Mikhail Khovanov, then at the University of California, Davis, now at Columbia University. Overvie...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermitian%20manifold
In mathematics, and more specifically in differential geometry, a Hermitian manifold is the complex analogue of a Riemannian manifold. More precisely, a Hermitian manifold is a complex manifold with a smoothly varying Hermitian inner product on each (holomorphic) tangent space. One can also define a Hermitian manifold ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaternion-K%C3%A4hler%20manifold
In differential geometry, a quaternion-Kähler manifold (or quaternionic Kähler manifold) is a Riemannian 4n-manifold whose Riemannian holonomy group is a subgroup of Sp(n)·Sp(1) for some . Here Sp(n) is the sub-group of consisting of those orthogonal transformations that arise by left-multiplication by some quaternion...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Descartes%27%20rule%20of%20signs
In mathematics, Descartes' rule of signs, first described by René Descartes in his work La Géométrie, is a technique for getting information on the number of positive real roots of a polynomial. It asserts that the number of positive roots is at most the number of sign changes in the sequence of polynomial's coefficien...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem%20of%20Apollonius
In Euclidean plane geometry, Apollonius's problem is to construct circles that are tangent to three given circles in a plane (Figure 1). Apollonius of Perga (c. 262 190 BC) posed and solved this famous problem in his work (, "Tangencies"); this work has been lost, but a 4th-century AD report of his results by Pappus ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich%20Martin%20Weber
Heinrich Martin Weber (5 March 1842, Heidelberg, Germany – 17 May 1913, Straßburg, Alsace-Lorraine, German Empire, now Strasbourg, France) was a German mathematician. Weber's main work was in algebra, number theory, and analysis. He is best known for his text Lehrbuch der Algebra published in 1895 and much of it is his...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectifiable%20set
In mathematics, a rectifiable set is a set that is smooth in a certain measure-theoretic sense. It is an extension of the idea of a rectifiable curve to higher dimensions; loosely speaking, a rectifiable set is a rigorous formulation of a piece-wise smooth set. As such, it has many of the desirable properties of smoot...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Versor
In mathematics, a versor is a quaternion of norm one (a unit quaternion). Each versor has the form where the r2 = −1 condition means that r is a unit-length vector quaternion (or that the first component of r is zero, and the last three components of r are a unit vector in 3 dimensions). The corresponding 3-dimensiona...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20numerical-analysis%20software
Listed here are notable end-user computer applications intended for use with numerical or data analysis: Numerical-software packages General-purpose computer algebra systems Interface-oriented Language-oriented Historically significant Expensive Desk Calculator written for the TX-0 and PDP-1 in the late 1950s or ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proizvolov%27s%20identity
In mathematics, Proizvolov's identity is an identity concerning sums of differences of positive integers. The identity was posed by Vyacheslav Proizvolov as a problem in the 1985 All-Union Soviet Student Olympiads. To state the identity, take the first 2N positive integers, 1, 2, 3, ..., 2N − 1, 2N, and partition t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinomial
In elementary algebra, a trinomial is a polynomial consisting of three terms or monomials. Examples of trinomial expressions with variables with variables with variables , the quadratic polynomial in standard form with variables. with variables, nonnegative integers and any constants. where is var...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superposition%20calculus
The superposition calculus is a calculus for reasoning in equational logic. It was developed in the early 1990s and combines concepts from first-order resolution with ordering-based equality handling as developed in the context of (unfailing) Knuth–Bendix completion. It can be seen as a generalization of either resolu...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bent%20bond
In organic chemistry, a bent bond, also known as a banana bond, is a type of covalent chemical bond with a geometry somewhat reminiscent of a banana. The term itself is a general representation of electron density or configuration resembling a similar "bent" structure within small ring molecules, such as cyclopropane (...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latent%20and%20observable%20variables
In statistics, latent variables (from Latin: present participle of lateo, “lie hidden”) are variables that can only be inferred indirectly through a mathematical model from other observable variables that can be directly observed or measured. Such latent variable models are used in many disciplines, including political...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irreducible%20component
In algebraic geometry, an irreducible algebraic set or irreducible variety is an algebraic set that cannot be written as the union of two proper algebraic subsets. An irreducible component is an algebraic subset that is irreducible and maximal (for set inclusion) for this property. For example, the set of solutions of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peak
Peak or The Peak may refer to: Basic meanings Geology Mountain peak Pyramidal peak, a mountaintop that has been sculpted by erosion to form a point Mathematics Peak hour or rush hour, in traffic congestion Peak (geometry), an (n-3)-dimensional element of a polytope Peak electricity demand or peak usage Peak-to...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform%20boundedness
In mathematics, a uniformly bounded family of functions is a family of bounded functions that can all be bounded by the same constant. This constant is larger than or equal to the absolute value of any value of any of the functions in the family. Definition Real line and complex plane Let be a family of function...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raised%20cosine%20distribution
In probability theory and statistics, the raised cosine distribution is a continuous probability distribution supported on the interval . The probability density function (PDF) is for and zero otherwise. The cumulative distribution function (CDF) is for and zero for and unity for . The moments of the raised cosin...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasiperiodic%20function
In mathematics, a quasiperiodic function is a function that has a certain similarity to a periodic function. A function is quasiperiodic with quasiperiod if , where is a "simpler" function than . What it means to be "simpler" is vague. A simple case (sometimes called arithmetic quasiperiodic) is if the function obe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open%20disc
Open disc can refer to: a disk (mathematics) which does not include the circle forming its boundary the OpenDisc software project
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert%20Shiryaev
Albert Nikolayevich Shiryaev (; born October 12, 1934) is a Soviet and Russian mathematician. He is known for his work in probability theory, statistics and financial mathematics. Career He graduated from Moscow State University in 1957. From that time until now he has been working in Steklov Mathematical Institute....
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shortlex%20order
In mathematics, and particularly in the theory of formal languages, shortlex is a total ordering for finite sequences of objects that can themselves be totally ordered. In the shortlex ordering, sequences are primarily sorted by cardinality (length) with the shortest sequences first, and sequences of the same length ar...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen%20Fienberg
Stephen Elliott Fienberg (27 November 1942 – 14 December 2016) was a Professor Emeritus (formerly the Maurice Falk University Professor of Statistics and Social Science) in the Department of Statistics, the Machine Learning Department, Heinz College, and Cylab at Carnegie Mellon University. Fienberg was the founding co...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20I.%20Soare
Robert Irving Soare is an American mathematician. He is the Paul Snowden Russell Distinguished Service Professor of Mathematics and Computer Science at the University of Chicago, where he has been on the faculty since 1967. He proved, together with Carl Jockusch, the low basis theorem, and has done other work in mathem...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sine%20and%20cosine%20transforms
In mathematics, the Fourier sine and cosine transforms are forms of the Fourier transform that do not use complex numbers or require negative frequency. They are the forms originally used by Joseph Fourier and are still preferred in some applications, such as signal processing or statistics. Definition The Fourier sin...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classification%20of%20discontinuities
Continuous functions are of utmost importance in mathematics, functions and applications. However, not all functions are continuous. If a function is not continuous at a point in its domain, one says that it has a discontinuity there. The set of all points of discontinuity of a function may be a discrete set, a dense s...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galerkin%20method
In mathematics, in the area of numerical analysis, Galerkin methods are named after the Soviet mathematician Boris Galerkin. They convert a continuous operator problem, such as a differential equation, commonly in a weak formulation, to a discrete problem by applying linear constraints determined by finite sets of basi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Tymoczko
A. Thomas Tymoczko (September 1, 1943August 8, 1996) was a philosopher specializing in logic and the philosophy of mathematics. He taught at Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts from 1971 until his death from stomach cancer in 1996, aged 52. His publications include New Directions in the Philosophy of Mathemati...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermat%20point
In Euclidean geometry, the Fermat point of a triangle, also called the Torricelli point or Fermat–Torricelli point, is a point such that the sum of the three distances from each of the three vertices of the triangle to the point is the smallest possible or, equivalently, the geometric median of the three vertices. It i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterolith
An enterolith is a mineral concretion or calculus formed anywhere in the gastrointestinal system. Enteroliths are uncommon and usually incidental findings but, once found, they require at a minimum watchful waiting. If there is evidence of complications, they must be removed. An enterolith may form around a nidus, a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversy%20over%20Cantor%27s%20theory
In mathematical logic, the theory of infinite sets was first developed by Georg Cantor. Although this work has become a thoroughly standard fixture of classical set theory, it has been criticized in several areas by mathematicians and philosophers. Cantor's theorem implies that there are sets having cardinality greate...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octagram
In geometry, an octagram is an eight-angled star polygon. The name octagram combine a Greek numeral prefix, octa-, with the Greek suffix -gram. The -gram suffix derives from γραμμή (grammḗ) meaning "line". Detail In general, an octagram is any self-intersecting octagon (8-sided polygon). The regular octagram is la...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FORMAC
FORMAC, the FORmula MAnipulation Compiler, was the first computer algebra system to have significant use. It was developed by Jean E. Sammet and her team, as an extension of FORTRAN IV. The compiler was implemented as a preprocessor taking the FORMAC program and converting it to a FORTRAN IV program which was in turn ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Z%C3%A4hringer
Joseph Zähringer (often written Josef, March 15, 1929 – July 22, 1970) was a German physicist. From 1949 until 1954 he attended the Universität Freiburg, studying physics, mathematics, chemistry and mineralogy. In 1955 he became an assistant at the university, and in 1956 he came to the Brookhaven National Laboratory ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semicubical%20parabola
In mathematics, a cuspidal cubic or semicubical parabola is an algebraic plane curve that has an implicit equation of the form (with ) in some Cartesian coordinate system. Solving for leads to the explicit form which imply that every real point satisfies . The exponent explains the term semicubical parabola. (A par...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artin%E2%80%93Schreier%20theory
In mathematics, Artin–Schreier theory is a branch of Galois theory, specifically a positive characteristic analogue of Kummer theory, for Galois extensions of degree equal to the characteristic p. introduced Artin–Schreier theory for extensions of prime degree p, and generalized it to extensions of prime power degre...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floer%20homology
In mathematics, Floer homology is a tool for studying symplectic geometry and low-dimensional topology. Floer homology is a novel invariant that arises as an infinite-dimensional analogue of finite-dimensional Morse homology. Andreas Floer introduced the first version of Floer homology, now called Lagrangian Floer ho...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Set%20Theory%3A%20An%20Introduction%20to%20Independence%20Proofs
Set Theory: An Introduction to Independence Proofs is a textbook and reference work in set theory by Kenneth Kunen. It starts from basic notions, including the ZFC axioms, and quickly develops combinatorial notions such as trees, Suslin's problem, ◊, and Martin's axiom. It develops some basic model theory (rather spec...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full%20reptend%20prime
In number theory, a full reptend prime, full repetend prime, proper prime or long prime in base b is an odd prime number p such that the Fermat quotient (where p does not divide b) gives a cyclic number. Therefore, the base b expansion of repeats the digits of the corresponding cyclic number infinitely, as does th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%28n%29
In mathematics, O(n) may refer to: O(n), the orthogonal group Big O notation, indicating the order of growth of some quantity as a function of n or the limiting behavior of a function, e.g. in computational complexity theory The nth tensor power of Serre's twisting sheaf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremal%20combinatorics
Extremal combinatorics is a field of combinatorics, which is itself a part of mathematics. Extremal combinatorics studies how large or how small a collection of finite objects (numbers, graphs, vectors, sets, etc.) can be, if it has to satisfy certain restrictions. Much of extremal combinatorics concerns classes of se...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XploRe
XploRe was a commercial statistics software package, developed by the German software company MD*Tech around Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Härdle. XploRe has been discontinued in 2008, the last version, 4.8, is available for download at no cost. The user interacted with the software via the XploRe programming language, which is d...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrosyl%20fluoride
Nitrosyl fluoride (NOF) is a covalently bonded nitrosyl compound. Physical properties The compound is a colorless gas, with bent molecular shape. The VSEPR model explains this geometry via a lone-pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom. Chemistry Nitrosyl fluoride is typically produced by direct reaction of nitric o...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massey%20product
In algebraic topology, the Massey product is a cohomology operation of higher order introduced in , which generalizes the cup product. The Massey product was created by William S. Massey, an American algebraic topologist. Massey triple product Let be elements of the cohomology algebra of a differential graded algeb...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lie%20algebra%E2%80%93valued%20differential%20form
In differential geometry, a Lie-algebra-valued form is a differential form with values in a Lie algebra. Such forms have important applications in the theory of connections on a principal bundle as well as in the theory of Cartan connections. Formal definition A Lie-algebra-valued differential -form on a manifold, ,...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bel%20decomposition
In semi-Riemannian geometry, the Bel decomposition, taken with respect to a specific timelike congruence, is a way of breaking up the Riemann tensor of a pseudo-Riemannian manifold into lower order tensors with properties similar to the electric field and magnetic field. Such a decomposition was partially described by...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert%20Sichel
Herbert Sichel (1915–1995) was a statistician who made great advances in the areas of both theoretical and applied statistics. He developed the Sichel-t estimator for the log-normal distribution's t-statistic. He also made great leaps in the area of the generalized inverse Gaussian distribution, the mixture of which w...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCullagh%27s%20parametrization%20of%20the%20Cauchy%20distributions
In probability theory, the "standard" Cauchy distribution is the probability distribution whose probability density function (pdf) is for x real. This has median 0, and first and third quartiles respectively −1 and +1. Generally, a Cauchy distribution is any probability distribution belonging to the same location-sc...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine%20Parent
Antoine Parent (September 16, 1666 – September 26, 1716) was a French mathematician, born in Paris and died there, who wrote in 1700 on analytical geometry of three dimensions. His works were collected and published in three volumes at Paris in 1713. Parent had the idea to represent any surface by means of an equation...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean%20Paul%20de%20Gua%20de%20Malves
Jean Paul de Gua de Malves (1713, Malves-en-Minervois (Aude) – June 2, 1785, Paris) was a French mathematician who published in 1740 a work on analytical geometry in which he applied it, without the aid of differential calculus, to find the tangents, asymptotes, and various singular points of an algebraic curve. He fu...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curvature%20invariant
In Riemannian geometry and pseudo-Riemannian geometry, curvature invariants are scalar quantities constructed from tensors that represent curvature. These tensors are usually the Riemann tensor, the Weyl tensor, the Ricci tensor and tensors formed from these by the operations of taking dual contractions and covariant d...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Location%E2%80%93scale%20family
In probability theory, especially in mathematical statistics, a location–scale family is a family of probability distributions parametrized by a location parameter and a non-negative scale parameter. For any random variable whose probability distribution function belongs to such a family, the distribution function of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rvachev%20function
In mathematics, an R-function, or Rvachev function, is a real-valued function whose sign does not change if none of the signs of its arguments change; that is, its sign is determined solely by the signs of its arguments. Interpreting positive values as true and negative values as false, an R-function is transformed in...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20airports%20in%20the%20Czech%20Republic
This is a list of airports in the Czech Republic, grouped by type and sorted by location. Passenger statistics Czech Republic's airports with number of passengers served in 2014 / 2015 years. Airports Railway connections Since 2015, Ostrava Airport has had a railway connection. It is the only airport with a railway ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalized%20inverse%20Gaussian%20distribution
In probability theory and statistics, the generalized inverse Gaussian distribution (GIG) is a three-parameter family of continuous probability distributions with probability density function where Kp is a modified Bessel function of the second kind, a > 0, b > 0 and p a real parameter. It is used extensively in geos...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad%20Kaykobad
Mohammad Kaykobad () is a computer scientist, educator, author, and columnist from Bangladesh. Along with Muhammed Zafar Iqbal, he started the national mathematics olympiad. He was a professor of computer science and engineering in Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology. and currently is a faculty member o...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VGG
VGG may refer to: Volgograd Oblast Van de Graaff generator Verkehrsgesellschaft Görlitz Visual Geometry Group, an academic group focused on computer vision at Oxford University A deep convolutional network for object recognition developed and trained by this group. Vice Grip Garage, a popular YouTube channel. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists%20of%20tennis%20records%20and%20statistics
The following articles list tennis records and statistics: General Grand Slam Grand Slam List of Grand Slam–related tennis records List of Grand Slam mixed doubles champions List of quad wheelchair tennis champions List of Open Era Grand Slam champions by country List of Grand Slam singles champions by countr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredholm%20determinant
In mathematics, the Fredholm determinant is a complex-valued function which generalizes the determinant of a finite dimensional linear operator. It is defined for bounded operators on a Hilbert space which differ from the identity operator by a trace-class operator. The function is named after the mathematician Erik Iv...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boy%20or%20Girl%20paradox
The Boy or Girl paradox surrounds a set of questions in probability theory, which are also known as The Two Child Problem, Mr. Smith's Children and the Mrs. Smith Problem. The initial formulation of the question dates back to at least 1959, when Martin Gardner featured it in his October 1959 "Mathematical Games column"...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring%20of%20sets
In mathematics, there are two different notions of a ring of sets, both referring to certain families of sets. In order theory, a nonempty family of sets is called a ring (of sets) if it is closed under union and intersection. That is, the following two statements are true for all sets and , implies and implies ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guanta%20Municipality
The Guanta Municipality is one of the 21 municipalities (municipios) that makes up the eastern Venezuelan state of Anzoátegui and, according to the 2011 census by the National Institute of Statistics of Venezuela, the municipality has a population of 30,891. The town of Guanta is the shire town of the Guanta Municipali...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twistor%20space
In mathematics and theoretical physics (especially twistor theory), twistor space is the complex vector space of solutions of the twistor equation . It was described in the 1960s by Roger Penrose and Malcolm MacCallum. According to Andrew Hodges, twistor space is useful for conceptualizing the way photons travel throug...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topological%20algebra
In mathematics, a topological algebra is an algebra and at the same time a topological space, where the algebraic and the topological structures are coherent in a specified sense. Definition A topological algebra over a topological field is a topological vector space together with a bilinear multiplication , tha...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilliefors%20test
In statistics, the Lilliefors test is a normality test based on the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. It is used to test the null hypothesis that data come from a normally distributed population, when the null hypothesis does not specify which normal distribution; i.e., it does not specify the expected value and variance of the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirical%20distribution%20function
In statistics, an empirical distribution function (commonly also called an empirical cumulative distribution function, eCDF) is the distribution function associated with the empirical measure of a sample. This cumulative distribution function is a step function that jumps up by at each of the data points. Its value a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morse%E2%80%93Kelley%20set%20theory
In the foundations of mathematics, Morse–Kelley set theory (MK), Kelley–Morse set theory (KM), Morse–Tarski set theory (MT), Quine–Morse set theory (QM) or the system of Quine and Morse is a first-order axiomatic set theory that is closely related to von Neumann–Bernays–Gödel set theory (NBG). While von Neumann–Bernays...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point%20groups%20in%20three%20dimensions
In geometry, a point group in three dimensions is an isometry group in three dimensions that leaves the origin fixed, or correspondingly, an isometry group of a sphere. It is a subgroup of the orthogonal group O(3), the group of all isometries that leave the origin fixed, or correspondingly, the group of orthogonal mat...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl-Henning%20Rehren
Karl-Henning Rehren (born 1956 in Celle) is a German physicist who focuses on algebraic quantum field theory. Biography Rehren studied physics in Heidelberg, Paris and Freiburg. In Freiburg he received his PhD (advisor Klaus Pohlmeyer) in 1984. Habilitation 1991 in Berlin. Since 1997 he teaches physics in Göttingen. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superconformal%20algebra
In theoretical physics, the superconformal algebra is a graded Lie algebra or superalgebra that combines the conformal algebra and supersymmetry. In two dimensions, the superconformal algebra is infinite-dimensional. In higher dimensions, superconformal algebras are finite-dimensional and generate the superconformal gr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/158%20%28number%29
158 (one hundred [and] fifty-eight) is the natural number following 157 and preceding 159. In mathematics 158 is a nontotient, since there is no integer with 158 coprimes below it. 158 is a Perrin number, appearing after 68, 90, 119. 158 is the number of digits in the decimal expansion of 100!, the product of all th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor%20Th%C3%A9bault
Victor Michael Jean-Marie Thébault (1882–1960) was a French mathematician best known for propounding three problems in geometry. The name Thébault's theorem is used by some authors to refer to the first of these problems and by others to refer to the third. Thébault was born on March 6, 1882, in Ambrières-les-Grand (...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A9bault%27s%20theorem
Thébault's theorem is the name given variously to one of the geometry problems proposed by the French mathematician Victor Thébault, individually known as Thébault's problem I, II, and III. Thébault's problem I Given any parallelogram, construct on its sides four squares external to the parallelogram. The quadrilate...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divine%20Proportions%3A%20Rational%20Trigonometry%20to%20Universal%20Geometry
Divine Proportions: Rational Trigonometry to Universal Geometry is a 2005 book by the mathematician Norman J. Wildberger on a proposed alternative approach to Euclidean geometry and trigonometry, called rational trigonometry. The book advocates replacing the usual basic quantities of trigonometry, Euclidean distance a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creature%20Catalogue
Creature Catalogue is a supplement for Basic Dungeons & Dragons first released in 1986, and updated in 1993. Contents The Creature Catalogue is a supplement which presents game statistics for more than 200 monsters, most of which had been compiled from previous D&D rules set and adventure modules, as well as 80 new mo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milnor%20map
In mathematics, Milnor maps are named in honor of John Milnor, who introduced them to topology and algebraic geometry in his book Singular Points of Complex Hypersurfaces (Princeton University Press, 1968) and earlier lectures. The most studied Milnor maps are actually fibrations, and the phrase Milnor fibration is mor...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Wallace%20Smith%20Bliss
William Wallace Smith Bliss (August 17, 1815 – August 5, 1853) was a United States Army officer and mathematics professor. A gifted mathematician, he taught at West Point and also served as a line officer. In December 1848 Bliss married Mary Elizabeth Taylor, youngest daughter of President-elect Zachary Taylor, whom h...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Spitzer
Frank Ludvig Spitzer (July 24, 1926 – February 1, 1992) was an Austrian-born American mathematician who made fundamental contributions to probability theory, including the theory of random walks, fluctuation theory, percolation theory, the Wiener sausage, and especially the theory of interacting particle systems. Rare ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composition%20operator
In mathematics, the composition operator with symbol is a linear operator defined by the rule where denotes function composition. The study of composition operators is covered by AMS category 47B33. In physics In physics, and especially the area of dynamical systems, the composition operator is usually referred t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20operators%20between%20Banach%20spaces
In mathematics, nuclear operators between Banach spaces are a linear operators between Banach spaces in infinite dimensions that share some of the properties of their counter-part in finite dimension. In Hilbert spaces such operators are usually called trace class operators and one can define such things as the trace....
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredholm%20kernel
In mathematics, a Fredholm kernel is a certain type of a kernel on a Banach space, associated with nuclear operators on the Banach space. They are an abstraction of the idea of the Fredholm integral equation and the Fredholm operator, and are one of the objects of study in Fredholm theory. Fredholm kernels are named i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projection%20%28relational%20algebra%29
In relational algebra, a projection is a unary operation written as , where is a relation and are attribute names. Its result is defined as the set obtained when the components of the tuples in are restricted to the set – it discards (or excludes) the other attributes. In practical terms, if a relation is thought ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20space
In mathematics, nuclear spaces are topological vector spaces that can be viewed as a generalization of finite dimensional Euclidean spaces and share many of their desirable properties. Nuclear spaces are however quite different from Hilbert spaces, another generalization of finite dimensional Euclidean spaces. They wer...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topological%20tensor%20product
In mathematics, there are usually many different ways to construct a topological tensor product of two topological vector spaces. For Hilbert spaces or nuclear spaces there is a simple well-behaved theory of tensor products (see Tensor product of Hilbert spaces), but for general Banach spaces or locally convex topologi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selection%20%28relational%20algebra%29
In relational algebra, a selection (sometimes called a restriction in reference to E.F. Codd's 1970 paper and not, contrary to a popular belief, to avoid confusion with SQL's use of SELECT, since Codd's article predates the existence of SQL) is a unary operation that denotes a subset of a relation. A selection is wri...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional%20determinant
In functional analysis, a branch of mathematics, it is sometimes possible to generalize the notion of the determinant of a square matrix of finite order (representing a linear transformation from a finite-dimensional vector space to itself) to the infinite-dimensional case of a linear operator S mapping a function spac...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rename
Rename may refer to: Rename (computing), rename of a file on a computer RENAME (command), command to rename a file in various operating systems Rename (relational algebra), unary operation in relational algebra Company renaming, rename of a product Name change, rename of a person Geographical renaming, rename of...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WeBWorK
WeBWorK is an online homework delivery system primarily used for mathematics and science. It allows students to complete their homework over the web, and receive instantaneous feedback as to the correctness of their responses. WeBWorK uses a Perl-based language called PG to specify exercises, which allows instructors a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-graph
In mathematics, a two-graph is a set of (unordered) triples chosen from a finite vertex set X, such that every (unordered) quadruple from X contains an even number of triples of the two-graph. A regular two-graph has the property that every pair of vertices lies in the same number of triples of the two-graph. Two-gra...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equiangular%20lines
In geometry, a set of lines is called equiangular if all the lines intersect at a single point, and every pair of lines makes the same angle. Equiangular lines in Euclidean space Computing the maximum number of equiangular lines in n-dimensional Euclidean space is a difficult problem, and unsolved in general, though ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhombohedron
In geometry, a rhombohedron (also called a rhombic hexahedron or, inaccurately, a rhomboid) is a three-dimensional figure with six faces which are rhombi. It is a special case of a parallelepiped where all edges are the same length. It can be used to define the rhombohedral lattice system, a honeycomb with rhombohedral...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultrastrong%20topology
In functional analysis, the ultrastrong topology, or σ-strong topology, or strongest topology on the set B(H) of bounded operators on a Hilbert space is the topology defined by the family of seminorms for positive elements of the predual that consists of trace class operators. It was introduced by John von Neumann...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condorcet%27s%20jury%20theorem
Condorcet's jury theorem is a political science theorem about the relative probability of a given group of individuals arriving at a correct decision. The theorem was first expressed by the Marquis de Condorcet in his 1785 work Essay on the Application of Analysis to the Probability of Majority Decisions. The assumpti...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poisson%20regression
In statistics, Poisson regression is a generalized linear model form of regression analysis used to model count data and contingency tables. Poisson regression assumes the response variable Y has a Poisson distribution, and assumes the logarithm of its expected value can be modeled by a linear combination of unknown pa...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lehmer%E2%80%93Schur%20algorithm
In mathematics, the Lehmer–Schur algorithm (named after Derrick Henry Lehmer and Issai Schur) is a root-finding algorithm for complex polynomials, extending the idea of enclosing roots like in the one-dimensional bisection method to the complex plane. It uses the Schur-Cohn test to test increasingly smaller disks for t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robust%20regression
In robust statistics, robust regression seeks to overcome some limitations of traditional regression analysis. A regression analysis models the relationship between one or more independent variables and a dependent variable. Standard types of regression, such as ordinary least squares, have favourable properties if the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetry%20in%20mathematics
Symmetry occurs not only in geometry, but also in other branches of mathematics. Symmetry is a type of invariance: the property that a mathematical object remains unchanged under a set of operations or transformations. Given a structured object X of any sort, a symmetry is a mapping of the object onto itself which pre...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random%20number%20table
Random number tables have been used in statistics for tasks such as selected random samples. This was much more effective than manually selecting the random samples (with dice, cards, etc.). Nowadays, tables of random numbers have been replaced by computational random number generators. If carefully prepared, the filt...