anchor_id stringlengths 8 8 | anchor_title stringlengths 5 839 | anchor_abstract stringlengths 2 61.6k | positive_pool listlengths 1 1 | negative_pool listlengths 1 1 |
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28759998 | Pharmacist Participation in Acute Ischemic Stroke Decreases Door-to-Needle Time to Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator. | Pharmacists are an important member of the stroke team and aid in obtaining medication and medical history, providing education, managing blood pressure, reviewing exclusion criteria for recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA), and facilitating reconstitution and administration of rtPA.</AbstractText To determine if pharmacist presence at bedside during acute ischemic stroke resulted in a reduction in door-to-needle (DTN) times.</AbstractText This was a retrospective cohort study between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2015 of patients who received rtPA for acute ischemic stroke in either the emergency department or hospital.</AbstractText Of the 125 included patients, 45 patients (36%) had a pharmacist present (PharmD group) and 80 patients (64%) did not (no PharmD group). Median DTN time was significantly shorter in the PharmD group: 48 minutes versus 73 minutes in the no PharmD group ( P < 0.01). The goal of DTN ≤60 minutes was met in 71% of patients in the PharmD group compared to 29% ( P < 0.01). Pharmacist at the bedside was the only factor found to be independently associated with reduction DTN time (βcoefficient -23.5 minutes, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] -38.6 to -8.50 minutes).</AbstractText A pharmacist at the bedside of emergency department or in-patient stroke codes reduced DTN time by a median of 23.5 minutes after adjusting for confounding factors and increased the percentage of patients meeting DTN goal time of ≤60 minutes by 49%. These findings support the inclusion of a stroke-competent pharmacist in the bedside response team for acute ischemic stroke patients.</AbstractText | [
[
"27110714",
"Correction for Inhibition Leads to an Allosteric Co-Agonist Model for Pentobarbital Modulation and Activation of α1β3γ2L GABAA Receptors.",
"Pentobarbital, like propofol and etomidate, produces important general anesthetic effects through GABAA receptors. Photolabeling also indicates that... | [
[
"28285191",
"Polychlorinated biphenyls-153 induces metabolic dysfunction through activation of ROS/NF-κB signaling via downregulation of HNF1b.",
"Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) is a major type of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that act as endocrine-disrupting chemicals. In the current study, w... |
35993408 | A Novel Dynamin 2 Mutation Causing Dominant Intermediate Charcot-Marie-Tooth Neuropathy: Case Report. | Dynamin 2 mutations are associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy. We report two siblings with a novel missense heterozygous point mutation (c.1609 G>A) in the highly conserved pleckstrin homology domain in exon 15 of Dynamin 2 presenting with progressive length-dependent sensorimotor polyneuropathy with mixed demyelinating and axonal features on electrodiagnostic studies. The previously unrecognized missense point mutation, which was inherited from their symptomatic but previously undiagnosed mother, was determined to be likely pathogenic based on a non-conservative amino acid substitution (p.Gly537Ser) that is predicted to damage secondary protein structure or function. This report emphasizes the importance of recognizing inherited neuropathies in clinical practice and evaluating suspected pathogenic gene variants initially classified to be of undetermined clinical significance in family cohorts. These cases add to the spectrum of pathogenic Dynamin 2 mutations associated with dominant-intermediate Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy.</AbstractText | [
[
"31069783",
"A novel WARS mutation (p.Asp314Gly) identified in a Chinese distal hereditary motor neuropathy family.",
"Distal hereditary motor neuropathy (dHMN) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of inherited neuropathies characterized by distal limb muscle wasting and weakness with n... | [
[
"34686764",
"Altered functional brain dynamics in chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome during facial affect processing.",
"Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is a multisystem disorder associated with multiple congenital anomalies, variable medical features, and neurodevelopmental differe... |
40269690 | Prediction model and scoring system for the risk of atrial fibrillation recurrence in patients with atrial fibrillation and obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome: a retrospective case-control study. | The high prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) imposes a substantial disease burden on public healthcare, making it a significant health concern in the current era. However, there is currently a lack of risk assessment tools for AF recurrence in patients with AF and OSAS. Therefore, this study aims to explore the factors influencing AF recurrence in patients with AF and OSAS, and to establish a predictive model and scoring system for AF recurrence rates.</AbstractText The study included a total of 423 patients with AF and OSAS, who were randomly divided into train set (n = 296) and test set (n = 127) in a ratio of 7:3. Afterwards, the train set was split into a recurrence group and a non-recurrence group for further analysis of indicators while in hospital.</AbstractText Following Lasso regression screening, 8 variables were selected from a pool of 62 variables from patients with AF and OSAS. Additionally, the study incorporated the CHA<sub The predictive models and scoring systems developed in this study demonstrate good predictive ability in assessing the recurrence of AF in patients with OSAS, offering invaluable clinical guidance and references.</AbstractText Not applicable.</AbstractText | [
[
"20725915",
"Blood oxygenation level-dependent activation in basal ganglia nuclei relates to specific symptoms in de novo Parkinson's disease.",
"To aid the development of symptomatic and disease modifying therapies in Parkinson's disease (PD), there is a strong need to identify noninvasive measures o... | [
[
"40515391",
"Gene Swin transformer: new deep learning method for colorectal cancer prognosis using transcriptomic data.",
"Transcriptome sequencing has become essential in clinical tumor research, providing in-depth insights into the biology and functionality of tumor cells. However, the vast amount o... |
22890939 | SNR-optimized phase-sensitive dual-acquisition turbo spin echo imaging: a fast alternative to FLAIR. | Phase-sensitive dual-acquisition single-slab three-dimensional turbo spin echo imaging was recently introduced, producing high-resolution isotropic cerebrospinal fluid attenuated brain images without long inversion recovery preparation. Despite the advantages, the weighted-averaging-based technique suffers from noise amplification resulting from different levels of cerebrospinal fluid signal modulations over the two acquisitions. The purpose of this work is to develop a signal-to-noise ratio-optimized version of the phase-sensitive dual-acquisition single-slab three-dimensional turbo spin echo. Variable refocusing flip angles in the first acquisition are calculated using a three-step prescribed signal evolution while those in the second acquisition are calculated using a two-step pseudo-steady state signal transition with a high flip-angle pseudo-steady state at a later portion of the echo train, balancing the levels of cerebrospinal fluid signals in both the acquisitions. Low spatial frequency signals are sampled during the high flip-angle pseudo-steady state to further suppress noise. Numerical simulations of the Bloch equations were performed to evaluate signal evolutions of brain tissues along the echo train and optimize imaging parameters. In vivo studies demonstrate that compared with conventional phase-sensitive dual-acquisition single-slab three-dimensional turbo spin echo, the proposed optimization yields 74% increase in apparent signal-to-noise ratio for gray matter and 32% decrease in imaging time. The proposed method can be a potential alternative to conventional fluid-attenuated imaging.</AbstractText | [
[
"16155898",
"New insights into the mechanisms of signal formation in RF-spoiled gradient echo sequences.",
"RF spoiling is a well established method to produce T(1)-weighted images with short repetition-time gradient-echo sequences, by eliminating coherent transverse magnetization with appropriate RF ... | [
[
"23992544",
"Evaluation of the insulin releasing and antihyperglycaemic activities of GPR55 lipid agonists using clonal beta-cells, isolated pancreatic islets and mice.",
"G-protein coupled receptor (GPR)55 is a novel lipid sensing receptor activated by both cannabinoid endogenous ligands (endocannabi... |
40772448 | Wishes, conflicts, and support needs of informal caregivers of patients in the palliative phase: A qualitative study. | This study explored wishes, conflicts, beneficial, and wished support of informal caregivers (ICGs) providing care to a palliative ill close other. We interviewed five current and 15 bereaved ICGs (25-75 years), and used thematic analyses. ICGs wished to continue life as normal as possible, spend time together and with their family, comfort their close other, and continue own activities. Caregivers experienced conflicts in balancing caregiving and own activities, quality time with each other and social contacts, the level of professional or informal support preferred, and in their shifting role from partner/child to nurse. ICGs experienced practical support, being heard, and good professional support as helpful. An overview of available support options, one contact for administrative issues, and an environment that pays attention to ICGs' wellbeing could make caregiving easier. Formal carers and digital tools can support caregivers in balancing wishes and boundaries with the requests of caregiving to decrease conflicts.</AbstractText | [
[
"38845595",
"Staying in control: Characterizing the mechanisms underlying cognitive control in high and low arousal states.",
"Throughout the day, humans show natural fluctuations in arousal that impact cognitive function. To study the behavioural dynamics of cognitive control during high and low arou... | [
[
"40132153",
"Neuroimaging in Children With Inherited Metabolic Epilepsies.",
"Inherited metabolic epilepsies (IMEs) represent inherited metabolic disorders in which seizures, various in types and typically intractable, are one of the predominant manifestations and primary determinants of the overall o... |
40492610 | MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for AUD: Bayesian analysis of WHO drinking risk level and exploratory analysis of drinking behavior and psychosocial functioning at 3 months follow-up. | Safety and tolerability data from the first open-label feasibility study of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted psychotherapy for alcohol use disorder was recently published. This paper presents a Bayesian analysis of the impact of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy on treatment success, defined as 2-level reduction in the World Health Organization (WHO) drinking risk at the 3 months follow-up. We also examined the impact on drinking behavior and psychosocial measures at 3 months compared to baseline.</AbstractText Fourteen participants with a diagnosis of alcohol use disorder who had recently undergone detoxification completed an eight-week course of ten psychotherapy sessions, including two sessions with MDMA. Measures assessing drinking behavior, quality of life, sleep, self-compassion, and empathy were collected. Bayesian analysis using flat and skeptical priors was performed to determine treatment success defined as a 2-level reduction in WHO drinking risk.</AbstractText Bayesian analysis suggested that the probability of a 2-level reduction in WHO drinking risk from baseline to 3 months post-treatment is 55%-63%, based upon either a flat or skeptical prior respectively. We present preliminary findings suggesting reductions in alcohol craving (measured by the Penn Alcohol Craving Scale and Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale) and improvements in sleep and aspects of psychosocial functioning at 3 months follow-up compared to baseline.</AbstractText The Bayesian analysis provides a useful harm reduction endpoint interpretation of drinking in terms of a 2-level reduction in WHO drinking risk. Further findings provide preliminary insights into the potential impact of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy on quality of life and well-being in addition to reductions in drinking. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04158778.</AbstractText | [
[
"38619933",
"Suggesting a holistic framework for understanding healthcare services leadership competence - a critical interpretive synthesis.",
"Healthcare providers are under pressure due to increasing and more complex demands for services. Increased pressure on budgets and human resources adds to an... | [
[
"39955842",
"Hormones, brain and behavior in birds: The Lehrman legacy.",
"This short essay is based on the presentation I gave at the meeting of the Society of Behavioral Neuroendocrinology held in Tours, France in June 2023 when I received the Lehrman award for career achievement. I conducted my PhD... |
38412004 | Characteristics of Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, and Syphilis Coinfection in People With HIV/AIDS Contracted Through Different Sources: Retrospective Study. | The burden of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and syphilis coinfections remains disproportionately high among people living with HIV/AIDS. Hubei province is located in central China, where there are distinct regional characteristics of the distribution of people living with HIV/AIDS acquired via diverse transmission routes and the AIDS epidemic itself.</AbstractText We aimed to estimate the magnitude of HBV, HCV, or syphilis coinfections among people living with HIV/AIDS with blood-borne transmission, which includes former paid blood donors, contaminated blood recipients, and intravenous drug users, as well as among people with sex-borne HIV transmission (including heterosexual people and men who have sex with men) and people with mother-to-child HIV transmission.</AbstractText From January 2010 to December 2020, people living with HIV/AIDS were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), HCV antibodies, and syphilis-specific antibodies. The positive patients were further tested for HBV markers, HBV DNA, and HCV RNA, and received a rapid plasma reagin circle card test. All people living with HIV/AIDS were first divided into transmission groups (blood, sex, and mother-to-child); then, people with blood-borne HIV transmission were divided into former paid blood donors, contaminated blood recipients, and intravenous drug users, while people with sex-borne HIV transmission were divided into heterosexual people and men who have sex with men.</AbstractText Among 6623 people living with HIV/AIDS, rates of chronic HCV infection were 80.3% (590/735) in former paid blood donors, 73.3% (247/337) in intravenous drug users, 57.1% (444/777) in contaminated blood recipients, 19.4% (21/108) in people with mother-to-child HIV transmission, 8.1% (240/2975) in heterosexual people, and 1.2% (21/1691) in men who have sex with men. Chronic HBV infection rates were similar among all people with blood-borne HIV transmission. However, compared to heterosexual people, the chronic HBV infection rate was greater in men who have sex with men (213/1691, 12.6% vs 308/2975, 10.4%; χ<sup In people living with HIV/AIDS, HCV transmission intensity was significantly associated with specific exposure modes of blood or sexual contact. The rate of chronic HBV infection among men who have sex with men was higher than in any other population. Attention should be paid to the high prevalence of neurosyphilis in people living with HIV/AIDS who contract HIV by sexual intercourse.</AbstractText | [
[
"37795953",
"Diagnostic value of cerebrospinal fluid chemokine c-x-c motif ligand 13 for neurosyphilis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.",
"The diagnostic value of cerebrospinal fluid chemokine c-x-c motif ligand 13 (CSF CXCL13) for neurosyphilis was assessed by meta-analysis in this study. PubM... | [
[
"39391051",
"Deciphering Proteomic Expression in Inflammatory Disorders: A Mass Spectrometry Exploration Comparing Infectious, Noninfectious, and Traumatic Brain Injuries in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid.",
"The central nervous system (CNS) evokes a complex inflammatory response to injury. Inflammatory ca... |
40102551 | Hair cortisol as a marker of stress in mild traumatic brain injury: a challenging measure. | Cortisol is released through activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis by physiological and psychological stressors, such as mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). This hormone is accumulated in hair over longer periods of time, reflecting both acute and chronic forms of stress, allowing for retrospective analyses within certain timeframes. The main objectives of this study were to analyze pre- and post-injury hair cortisol concentrations, and to explore possible associations with personality and recovery after mTBI. Hair samples of 61 mTBI patients were collected at 4-6 weeks post-injury and divided into pre- (1 cm) and post-injury (1 cm) segments. For comparison, hair samples of 24 age, sex and education matched healthy controls (HC) were collected and divided into similar segments. Cortisol was quantified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). At two weeks post-injury, post-traumatic symptoms (PTS), emotional distress (anxiety/depression), and the personality trait neuroticism were measured. At six months post-injury, PTS and functional recovery (Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended) were determined. A significant increase in hair cortisol concentration from pre- to post-injury was found for both mTBI patients and HC, likely due to washout effects, with similar concentrations in both groups. Neither hair cortisol, nor the interaction with neuroticism, were associated with long-term PTS or functional recovery. Additionally, no differences in hair cortisol were observed between patients with a higher and lower risk of developing persistent PTS based on a modified Post-Concussion Symptoms Rule (PoCS Rule) including demographics, acute symptoms, pre-injury mental health and head CT. Altogether, our findings do not support the current use of hair cortisol as a potential marker of stress in mTBI.</AbstractText | [
[
"34054681",
"Traumatic Brain Injury Exposure Lowers Age of Cognitive Decline in AD and Non-AD Conditions.",
"We aimed to detect the possible accelerating role of previous traumatic brain injury (TBI) exposures on the onset of later cognitive decline assessed across different brain diseases. We analyze... | [
[
"39333695",
"Exploring the structure and dynamics of soft and hard cuticle of Bombyx mori using solid-state NMR techniques.",
"This study conducts a comprehensive analysis and comparison of Bombyx mori cuticles across different developmental stages, ranging from larval to adult, utilizing advanced sol... |
20883353 | Identification of red-green colour deficiency: sensitivity of the Ishihara and American Optical Company (Hard, Rand and Rittler) pseudo-isochromatic plates to identify slight anomalous trichromatism. | Screening sensitivity, based on a specific number of errors, of the Ishihara plates and of the American Optical Company (Hardy, Rand and Rittler) plates (HRR plates) was determined by reviewing data obtained for 486 male anomalous trichromats identified and classified with the Nagel anomaloscope. Data were obtained for the 16 screening plates, with Transformation and Vanishing numeral designs, of the 38 plate Ishihara test, and for the four red-green screening plates (with six Vanishing designs) of the HRR test. Sensitivity of the Ishihara plates was found to be 97.7% on 4 errors and 98.4% on 3 errors. Only anomalous trichromats with slight deficiency, according to the anomaloscope matching range, made 8 errors or fewer. One screening error, a single missed figure, is normally allowed as a pass on the HRR test and 3 errors is often recommended as the fail criterion to eliminate false positive results. Twenty-three subjects made no error on the HRR screening plates and 12 subjects made a single error (35 anomalous trichromats). Screening sensitivity was therefore 92.8% using 2 errors as the fail criterion. Screening sensitivity was reduced to 87% when 3 errors was the fail criterion, and some deuteranomalous trichromats with moderate deficiency, according to the anomaloscope matching range, were not identified. Individuals who make a maximum of 2 errors on the HRR test, or on the Richmond HRR 4th Edition, should be re-examined with the Ishihara plates to determine their colour vision status. The present review confirms that the Ishihara test is a very sensitive screening test and identifies people with slight anomalous trichromatism. The HRR test is unsatisfactory for screening and should not be chosen solely for this purpose.</AbstractText | [
[
"15252758",
"Signatures of selection and gene conversion associated with human color vision variation.",
"Trichromatic color vision in humans results from the combination of red, green, and blue photopigment opsins. Although color vision genes have been the targets of active molecular and psychophysic... | [
[
"20428887",
"The role of anterior insular cortex in social emotions.",
"Functional neuroimaging investigations in the fields of social neuroscience and neuroeconomics indicate that the anterior insular cortex (AI) is consistently involved in empathy, compassion, and interpersonal phenomena such as fai... |
28774650 | Rapid anatomical brain imaging using spiral acquisition and an expanded signal model. | We report the deployment of spiral acquisition for high-resolution structural imaging at 7T. Long spiral readouts are rendered manageable by an expanded signal model including static off-resonance and B<sub | [
[
"11810678",
"Elimination of Nyquist ghosting caused by read-out to phase-encode gradient cross-terms in EPI.",
"Echo-planar imaging (EPI) commonly suffers from ghosting artifacts caused by zero- or first-order phase differences between the odd and even echoes that constitute an EPI dataset. Small-bore... | [
[
"29872302",
"Valium without dependence? Individual GABA(A) receptor subtype contribution toward benzodiazepine addiction, tolerance, and therapeutic effects.",
"Benzodiazepines are one of the most prescribed medications as first-line treatment of anxiety, insomnia, and epilepsy around the world. Over ... |
24711394 | Homeostasis of functional maps in active dendrites emerges in the absence of individual channelostasis. | The maintenance of ion channel homeostasis, or channelostasis, is a complex puzzle in neurons with extensive dendritic arborization, encompassing a combinatorial diversity of proteins that encode these channels and their auxiliary subunits, their localization profiles, and associated signaling machinery. Despite this, neurons exhibit amazingly stereotypic, topographically continuous maps of several functional properties along their active dendritic arbor. Here, we asked whether the membrane composition of neurons, at the level of individual ion channels, is constrained by this structural requirement of sustaining several functional maps along the same topograph. We performed global sensitivity analysis on morphologically realistic conductance-based models of hippocampal pyramidal neurons that coexpressed six well-characterized functional maps along their trunk. We generated randomized models by varying 32 underlying parameters and constrained these models with quantitative experimental measurements from the soma and dendrites of hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Analyzing valid models that satisfied experimental constraints on all six functional maps, we found topographically analogous functional maps to emerge from disparate model parameters with weak pairwise correlations between parameters. Finally, we derived a methodology to assess the contribution of individual channel conductances to the various functional measurements, using virtual knockout simulations on the valid model population. We found that the virtual knockout of individual channels resulted in variable, measurement- and location-specific impacts across the population. Our results suggest collective channelostasis as a mechanism behind the robust emergence of analogous functional maps and have significant ramifications for the localization and targeting of ion channels and enzymes that regulate neural coding and homeostasis.</AbstractText | [
[
"12417672",
"Response of neurons in the lateral intraparietal area during a combined visual discrimination reaction time task.",
"Decisions about the visual world can take time to form, especially when information is unreliable. We studied the neural correlate of gradual decision formation by recordin... | [
[
"23893323",
"An atypical case of SCN9A mutation presenting with global motor delay and a severe pain disorder.",
"Erythromelalgia due to heterozygous gain-of-function SCN9A mutations usually presents as a pure sensory-autonomic disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of burning pain and redness o... |
40056182 | Review of 7T MRI imaging of pituitary microadenomas: are we there yet? | 7T MRI imaging of the pituitary gland is an emerging technique. The purpose of this article is to review the current status of the 7T MRI of the pituitary gland, particularly in the context of pituitary microadenoma pathology. We will discuss technical challenges and parallel transmission opportunities.</AbstractText Follow-up study selection and data extraction were performed following PRISMA guidelines. We focused on diagnostic performance and acquisition protocols. Inclusion criteria were: MRI imaging studies of pituitary adenoma at 7T. Exclusion criteria were: Case reports and reviews; studies which did not report MRI protocols; surgical planning studies; studies focusing exclusively on macroadenomas for which ultra-high magnetic field imaging is less decisive than microadenomas in clinical practice.</AbstractText Six studies were included. 7T MRI outperformed 1.5 or 3T MRI for the detection of microadenomas. Acquisition protocols employed were heterogeneous, with two-dimensional T<sub 7T MRI is a promising tool for overcoming the difficulties encountered by conventional MRI, particularly in the case of Cushing disease. However, there is insufficient data to precisely define an optimal protocol yet.</AbstractText • 7T MRI outperforms conventional MRI in detecting microadenomas. • The increased in artifacts at 7T does not affect the interpretation of the data. • A reference protocol cannot be defined, given the heterogeneity of practices.</AbstractText | [
[
"19449383",
"A transmit/receive system for magnetic field monitoring of in vivo MRI.",
"Magnetic field monitoring with NMR probes has recently been introduced as a means of measuring the actual spatiotemporal magnetic field evolution during individual MR scans. Receive-only NMR probes as used thus far... | [
[
"40503482",
"Magnetic resonance defecography assessment of obstructed defecation syndrome in patients with chronic constipation in a tertiary care hospital.",
"Obstructed defecation syndrome (ODS) is a subtype of constipation that is considered one of the major pelvic floor dysfunctions affecting the ... |
40166768 | Crossing the chasm: engaging Black men survivors of gun violence in mental health services. | Despite being high risk for post-traumatic stress disorder, Black men survivors of gun violence, and particularly young men aged 18-24, seldom participate in mental health services after injury. The aim of this study was to identify barriers to participation in mental health services for this population.</AbstractText Over a 2-year period, 1 hour-long focus group was conducted with three counselors of the local hospital-based violence intervention program and 21 individual, semistructured in-depth interviews were held with Black men who were hospitalized for a firearm-related injury. All interviews were recorded and transcribed. Transcripts were coded using open coding and grounded theory methodology and ultimately grouped into themes using MAXQDA V.2022 software.</AbstractText Median age of participants was 34 years (IQR=11). Barriers to participation revolved around competing priorities/stressors, expense, difficulty with trust and openness and the demands of street life. Motivating factors included cultural competence, persistence, availability, reliability and genuineness of the therapy staff. Most participants denied negative social stigma of therapy as a barrier but emphasized that the individual must value therapy to participate. Young, Black men were perceived as struggling with self and peer-imposed views of masculinity that conflicted with therapy participation.</AbstractText Black men who have experienced violent firearm injury face strong social pressures that conflict with participation in mental health services. Programs must be integrated with other social services and be responsive to community conditions to be successful.</AbstractText IV.</AbstractText | [
[
"25863813",
"Cerebellar Contribution to Context Processing in Extinction Learning and Recall.",
"Whereas acquisition of new associations is considered largely independent of the context, context dependency is a hallmark of extinction of the learned associations. The hippocampus and the prefrontal cort... | [
[
"40412529",
"Surgical Nerve Decompression at Lower Extremity for Diabetic Neuropathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Time-Dependent Pain, Sensory Recovery, Amputation, Ulcer Recurrence, and Balance.",
"This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy of surgical nerve decompre... |
39570907 | Functional near-infrared spectrometry for auditory speech stimuli in cochlear implant users: a systematic literature review. | This study aims to identify the acquisition features of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in cochlear implant users.</AbstractText A systematic literature review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed, EMBASE, LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO, IEEE Xplore, Google Scholar, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global were searched using the PECOS acronym. Inclusion criteria encompassed studies involving fNIRS with speech stimuli in cochlear implant users of any age, with information on acquisition parameters and features. Risk of bias assessment was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool.</AbstractText Nineteen studies were included, with thirteen exhibiting a low risk of bias. Noteworthy uniformity was observed in certain fNIRS acquisition features among cochlear implant users, including the waking state (awake), auditory stimuli of words or phrases presented in a free field, visual stimuli displayed during data collection as a secondary task, recording of responses in the bilateral temporal lobe, and a three-centimeter distance between optodes. Variations in acquisition were attributed to differing study purposes.</AbstractText This review identifies common acquisition characteristics for fNIRS in cochlear implant users. Multicenter research efforts are advocated to further advance the utility of fNIRS in this population.</AbstractText | [
[
"25151264",
"Dimensionality reduction for large-scale neural recordings.",
"Most sensory, cognitive and motor functions depend on the interactions of many neurons. In recent years, there has been rapid development and increasing use of technologies for recording from large numbers of neurons, either s... | [
[
"38159612",
"Association Between Quality of Life and Neurogenic Bowel Symptoms by Bowel Management Program in Spina Bifida.",
"To compare differences in bowel-specific quality of life (QOL), overall qQOL, and neurogenic bowel dysfunction (NBD) severity by bowel management program in patients with spin... |
40715419 | Inter- and intra-bacterial strain diversity remains the "elephant in the (living) room". | Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic Gram-negative bacterial pathogen responsible for severe nosocomial infections worldwide. Resistance to last-resort antibiotics causes A. baumannii to be ranked as a top priority for the research and development of new antibiotics by the WHO and an urgent threat to public health by the CDC. It is also a member of the ESKAPE group comprising the most problematic antibiotic-resistant nosocomial pathogens. Resistance towards desiccation, disinfectants, reactive oxygen species, and the host immune system helps A. baumannii thrive in hospital settings and infect individuals compromised by lines, tubes, and indwelling devices. A. baumannii displays extensive genomic heterogeneity, yet recent studies show that this level of plasticity is also prevalent in lab strains widely used to study A. baumannii biology. Successive subculturing of widely used strains and spontaneous genetic variations results in significantly altered genotypes and phenotypes, often not recognized by the scientific community. In addition, the current strain designation methods do not allow efficient communication about such differences. Even presumably identical strains from established culture collections have been found to demonstrate genetic heterogeneity. The "elephant in the (living) room" refers to the risk but also the potential of the bi-partite problem concerning the high diversity amongst A. baumannii isolates (inter-strain variability), and the universal issue of microevolution (intra-strain variability). This is generally ignored as it is not referenced adequately in scientific publications. We aim to raise awareness about the current issues and the problematic consequences generated by intra- and inter-strain diversity based on modern examples of A. baumannii isolates. Therefore, this review provides cases of broadly used A. baumannii strains and their genetic and phenotypic differences.</AbstractText | [
[
"33495315",
"Inhibition of Hedgehog Signaling Alters Fibroblast Composition in Pancreatic Cancer.",
"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a deadly disease characterized by an extensive fibroinflammatory stroma, which includes abundant cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) populations. PDAC CAFs are... | [
[
"40413347",
"Type-1 Diabetes Impacts Brain Microstructure and Anatomical Associations in Young and Well-Controlled Individuals.",
"Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) progression has a direct impact on brain microstructural integrity and typical functional organization from the early stages of neurodevelo... |
40461172 | Medical management of ADHD in adults: part 2. | Methylphenidate and lisdexamfetamine are recommended as first-line pharmacological treatment options for adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Formulations of methylphenidate can generally be classified into three groups according to their duration of action: one group lasts 12 hours, another group lasts 8 hours and the immediate-release group lasts 3-4 hours. Patients are usually able to substitute brands with one of the equivalent release profiles without significant problems. Lisdexamfetamine is a prodrug which has a slow onset and long duration (approximately 12 hours), ensuring minimal potential for abuse compared with its active metabolite dexamfetamine. Second-line treatments such as atomoxetine are also available for those who cannot tolerate or do not respond to methylphenidate or lisdexamfetamine. In the UK, ADHD has been previously managed largely in tertiary clinics, but many cases could be managed by appropriately trained clinicians in secondary or primary care (as already happens in some countries), with great benefit for patients and job satisfaction for clinicians.</AbstractText | [
[
"39376970",
"Relationships between screen time and childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a Mendelian randomization study.",
"In previous observational studies and meta-analyses, childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is found to have a significant association with scre... | [
[
"40737393",
"The β(2)-adrenergic receptor (Adrb2) entrains circadian gene oscillation and CD8(+) T cell differentiation in response to virus infection.",
"Adaptive immune cells are regulated by circadian rhythms both under steady state conditions and during responses to infection. Cytolytic CD8<sup"
... |
39853319 | Neural mechanisms of behavioral addiction: An ALE meta-analysis and MACM analysis. | Behavioral addictions (BAs) represent complex and multifaceted disorders often associated with maladaptive neural alteration. To deepen our understanding of the essence of BAs, this study focuses on the neural mechanisms underlying its three stages: reward seeking, self-control, and decision-making. The aim of the current meta-analysis is to investigate the brain regions and neural networks involved in BAs.</AbstractText Adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we systematically searched for relevant articles published before September 1, 2024, in the Web of Science and PubMed databases, and supplemented our search with Google Scholar. We conducted analyses using activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis and meta-analytic connectivity modeling (MACM) analyses.</AbstractText A total of 50 functional magnetic resonance imaging studies involving 906 participants were included. The findings showed that individuals with BAs exhibited hyperactivation in the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), bilateral caudate and left middle frontal gyrus (MFG), and a high degree of connectivity was found between the right caudate, left caudate, and right IFG. These findings indicated that BAs were associated with the fronto-striatal circuits. Individuals with BAs demonstrate specific neural activation patterns in the reward seeking, self-control, and decision-making stages, characterized by differences in activation and functional connectivity of brain regions associated with these stages.</AbstractText This study verifies the pivotal role of the fronto-striatal circuits in BAs and highlights the specific patterns of brain activity in different stages of addictive behavior. These findings expand our understanding of neural mechanisms underlying BAs and supports and provide partial support for the I-PACE model.</AbstractText | [
[
"26802508",
"A failure of suppression within the default mode network in depressed adolescents with compulsive internet game play.",
"Individuals who are chronic, compulsive video game players experience an elevated incidence of major depression. Excessive or problematic game play can interact with de... | [
[
"39804020",
"Step Width Haptic Feedback for Gait Stability in Spinocerebellar Ataxia: Preliminary Results.",
"Wider step width and lower step-to-step variability are linked to improved gait stability and reduced fall risk. It is unclear if patients with spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) can learn to adjust... |
29471227 | The impact of acute and short-term methamphetamine abstinence on brain metabolites: A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy chemical shift imaging study. | Abuse of methamphetamine (MA) is a global health concern. Previous <sup Adults with chronic MA dependence (n = 31) and healthy controls (n = 22) were recruited. Two-dimensional chemical shift <sup Acute MAA showed lower n-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) and n-acetyl-aspartate with n-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAA + NAAG) in left DLPFC, and glycerophosphocholine with phosphocholine (GPC + PCh) in left FWM. Short-term MAA showed lower NAA + NAAG and higher myo-inositol (mI) in right ACC, lower NAA and NAA + NAAG in the left DLPFC, and lower GPC + PCh in left FWM. Over time, MAA showed decreased NAA and NAA + NAAG and increased mI in right ACC, decreased NAA and NAA + NAAG in right FWM, and decreased in mI in left FWM.</AbstractText In acute MAA, there was damage to the integrity of neuronal tissue, which was enhanced with short-term MAA. From acute to short-term MAA, activation of neuroinflammatory processes are suggested. This is the first <sup | [
[
"24897622",
"μHigh resolution-magic-angle spinning NMR spectroscopy for metabolic phenotyping of Caenorhabditis elegans.",
"Analysis of model organisms, such as the submillimeter-size Caenorhabditis elegans, plays a central role in understanding biological functions across species and in characterizin... | [
[
"29905724",
"Energy density and energy flux in the focus of an optical vortex: reverse flux of light energy.",
"Using the Richards-Wolf formulas for an arbitrary circularly polarized optical vortex with an integer topological charge m, we obtain explicit expressions for all components of the electric ... |
40385881 | Post-thalamotomy Changes Mimicking Cavernous Malformations on MRI: A Case Report of a Historical Surgical Treatment. | The patient was a 65-year-old man with cervical dystonia onset at age six who had been treated at Chiba University Hospital. He was diagnosed and followed up with cavernous malformations and chronic cerebral infarctions based on an MRI. However, during the re-evaluation of MRI, lesions with low signal intensity (SI) cores surrounded by high SI rims were observed in bilateral thalami and left subthalamic nucleus on T2-weighted images, which differed from typical cavernous malformations. In addition, symmetrical scarring changes were noted in the frontal lobes and bilateral parietal bones, potentially corresponding to the thalamic and subthalamic nucleus lesions. Upon reviewing medical history, it was revealed that the patient had undergone thalamotomy in 1963 and 1964. The literature review suggested the use of procaine-oil blocking during thalamotomies of that era. Chemical shift imaging was added, and the presence of fat was confirmed in bilateral thalamic lesions with high SI on in-phase and low SI on out-of-phase images. Imaging findings resulting from obsolete treatments can be unfamiliar and mistaken for pathological conditions. Investigating the history of suspected treatments can lead to definitive diagnoses through imaging studies.</AbstractText | [
[
"21666131",
"Abnormal structure-function relationship in spasmodic dysphonia.",
"Spasmodic dysphonia (SD) is a primary focal dystonia characterized by involuntary spasms in the laryngeal muscles during speech production. Although recent studies have found abnormal brain function and white matter organ... | [
[
"40446445",
"Optimizing mesenchymal stromal cells priming strategies for tailored effects on the secretome.",
"Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising tool in regenerative medicine, with recent focus shifting towards their secretome as a cell-free therapeutic approach. This study ... |
35317746 | Comparative study of vestibular projection pathway connectivity in cerebellar injury patients and healthy adults. | Cerebellar injury can not only cause gait and postural instability, nystagmus, and vertigo but also affect the vestibular system. However, changes in connectivity regarding the vestibular projection pathway after cerebellar injury have not yet been reported. Therefore, in the current study, we investigated differences in the connectivity of the vestibular projection pathway after cerebellar injury using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography.</AbstractText We recruited four stroke patients with cerebellar injury. Neural connectivity in the vestibular nucleus (VN) of the pons and medulla oblongata in patients with cerebellar injury was measured using DTI. Connectivity was defined as the incidence of connection between the VN on the pons and medulla oblongata and target brain regions such as the cerebellum, thalamus, parieto-insular vestibular cortex (PIVC), and parietal lobe.</AbstractText At thresholds of 10 and 30, there was lower connectivity in the ipsilateral hemisphere between the VN at the medullar level and thalamus in the patients than in healthy adults. At a threshold of 1 and 10, the patient group showed lower VN connectivity with the PIVC than healthy adults. At a threshold of 1, VN connectivity with the parietal lobe in the contralateral hemisphere was lower in the patients than in healthy adults. Additionally, at a threshold of 30, VN connectivity at the pons level with the cerebellum was lower in healthy adults than in the patients.</AbstractText Cerebellar injury seems to be associated with decreased vestibular projection pathway connectivity, especially in the ipsilateral thalamus, PIVC, and contralateral parietal lobe.</AbstractText | [
[
"29129392",
"Targeting Obesity and Cachexia: Identification of the GFRAL Receptor-MIC-1/GDF15 Pathway.",
"Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1/growth differentiation factor 15 (MIC-1/GDF15) is a divergent transforming growth factor (TGFβ) superfamily cytokine implicated in biological and disease pro... | [
[
"34449006",
"Exploring the Concept of Spiritual Sensitivity from the Perspectives of Healthcare Providers in Iran.",
"Spiritual sensitivity (SS) is defined as attention to the available spiritual values in a conflicting situation and awareness of one's roles and responsibilities in that situation. It ... |
37437821 | LPS priming before plaque deposition impedes microglial activation and restrains Aβ pathology in the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. | Microglia have an innate immunity memory (IIM) with divergent functions in different animal models of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is characterized by chronic neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, tau tangles and β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition. Systemic inflammation has been implicated in contributing to the progression of AD. Multiple reports have demonstrated unique microglial signatures in AD mouse models and patients. However, the proteomic profiles of microglia modified by IIM have not been well-documented in an AD model. Therefore, in the present study, we investigate whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IIM in the pre-clinical stage of AD alters the microglial responses and shapes the neuropathology. We accomplished this by priming 5xFAD and wild-type (WT) mice with an LPS injection at 6 weeks (before the robust development of plaques). 140 days later, we evaluated microglial morphology, activation, the microglial barrier around Aβ, and Aβ deposition in both 5xFAD primed and unprimed mice. Priming induced decreased soma size of microglia and reduced colocalization of PSD95 and Synaptophysin in the retrosplenial cortex. Priming appeared to increase phagocytosis of Aβ, resulting in fewer Thioflavin S<sup | [
[
"27766433",
"Midbrain Synchrony to Envelope Structure Supports Behavioral Sensitivity to Single-Formant Vowel-Like Sounds in Noise.",
"Vowels make a strong contribution to speech perception under natural conditions. Vowels are encoded in the auditory nerve primarily through neural synchrony to tempora... | [
[
"36808307",
"Neurobiological correlates and attenuated positive social intention attribution during laughter perception associated with degree of autistic traits.",
"Laughter plays an important role in group formation, signaling social belongingness by indicating a positive or negative social intentio... |
36770411 | Towards the Standardization of Photothermal Measurements of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Two Biological Windows. | A systematic study on laser-induced heating carried out in two biological windows (800 nm and 1053 nm) for Fe<sub | [
[
"34411327",
"The Coax Dipole: A fully flexible coaxial cable dipole antenna with flattened current distribution for body imaging at 7 Tesla.",
"The coax dipole antenna, a flexible antenna for body imaging at 7T is presented. Similar to the high impedance coil, this coaxial cable antenna is fed on the ... | [
[
"37738741",
"Cell-specific alterations in autophagy-lysosomal activity near the chronically implanted microelectrodes.",
"Intracortical microelectrodes that can record and stimulate brain activity have become a valuable technique for basic science research and clinical applications. However, long-term... |
37954642 | Case series: Intraoperative neuromonitoring and angiography in the surgical treatment of vascular malformations. | In the surgical treatment of cerebral vascular malformations, e.g., aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations, the risk of ischemic complications is 6.7%, and a residual aneurysm is possible in 5.2% of these cases. Ischemic lesions can result in permanent neurological deficits, and a residual aneurysm can lead to the recurrence of the aneurysm in 2% of cases. In this article, we present five cases (two cases of ruptured aneurysms, two cases of non-ruptured aneurysms, and a case of arteriovenous malformation) in which we reduced the aforementioned risks with the use of intraoperative neuromonitoring and angiography. Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) is used to measure motor and sensory-evoked potentials to detect brain hypoperfusion. Intraoperative angiography with the dye indocyanine green (ICG-A), which fluoresces in a vessel under a microscope after intravenous administration, helps to identify residual aneurysm sacs and distal blood flow. With the use of IONM and ICG-A, we identified abnormalities and adjusted our interventions and treatments. IONM and ICG-A can lead to a better outcome after surgical treatment of cerebral vascular abnormalities.</AbstractText | [
[
"25624933",
"Scalp arteriovenous malformations in young.",
"Scalp arteriovenous malformations are an exceptional group of vascular lesions with curious presentations and an elusive natural history. Their detection in the pediatric population is a rarer occurrence. We discuss our experience with five c... | [
[
"36427671",
"The functional connectivity between left insula and left medial superior frontal gyrus underlying the relationship between rumination and procrastination.",
"Procrastination is regarded as a prevalent problematic behavior that impairs people's physical and mental health. Although previous... |
40396767 | Case series of CT-fusion and real-time US-guidance in percutaneous RF thermocoagulation for trigeminal rhizotomy. | This case series evaluates the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of real-time computed tomography fusion with ultrasound guidance (CTF-USG) in percutaneous radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RFT) for trigeminal rhizotomy. Traditional imaging modalities such as CT and fluoroscopy lack real-time visualization, increasing the risk of vascular injury and reducing procedural precision. The CTF-USG technique integrates CT imaging with real-time ultrasound via electromagnetic tracking, enabling accurate needle navigation and anatomical confirmation. Six patients with refractory trigeminal neuralgia affecting the V2 or V3 divisions underwent RFT guided by CTF-USG. All procedures achieved first-attempt needle placement success with no immediate complications. Postoperative assessments demonstrated significant reductions in pain scores at one and three months. The real-time imaging capability facilitated avoidance of critical structures, enhanced procedural safety. In conclusion, CTF-USG offers real-time imaging superior to C-arm fluoroscopy or standard CT, reducing complications and improving procedural accuracy. Primary technique efficacy was 100%. These advantages support its adoption in treating refractory trigeminal neuralgia.</AbstractText <b | [
[
"17274022",
"Dissociation of response inhibition and performance monitoring in the stop signal task using event-related fMRI.",
"We examined the neural substrate of motor response inhibition and performance monitoring in the stop signal task (SST) using event-related functional magnetic resonance imag... | [
[
"39810626",
"Recommendations for the Safe Application of Temporal Interference Stimulation in the Human Brain Part II: Biophysics, Dosimetry, and Safety Recommendations.",
"Temporal interference stimulation (TIS) is a new form of transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) that has been proposed as a me... |
38152804 | Evaluation of 'Normal' Cognitive Functions and Correlation With MRI Volumetry: Towards a Definition of Vascular Cognitive Impairment. | Introduction It is important to establish criteria to define vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) in India as VCI is an image-based diagnosis and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes resulting from age with prevalent vascular risk factors may confound MRI interpretation. The objective of this study was to establish normative community data for MRI volumetry including white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV), correlated with age-stratified cognitive scores and vascular risk factors (VRFs), in adults aged 40 years and above.  Methods We screened 2651 individuals without known neurological morbidity, living in Mumbai and nearby rural areas, using validated Marathi translations of Kolkata Cognitive Battery (KCB) and geriatric depression score (GDS). We stratified 1961 persons with GDS ≤9 by age and cognitive score, and randomly selected 10% from each subgroup for MRI brain volumetry. Crude volumes were standardized to reflect percentage of intracranial volume.  Results MRI volumetry studies were done in 199 individuals (F/M = 90/109; 73 with body mass index (BMI) ≥25; 44 hypertensives; 29 diabetics; mean cognitive score 76.3). Both grey and white matter volumes decreased with increasing age. WMHV increased with age and hypertension. Grey matter volume (GMV) decreased with increasing WMHV. Positive predictors of cognition included standardized hippocampal volume (HCV), urban living, education, and BMI, while WMHV and age were negative predictors. Urban dwellers had higher cognitive scores than rural, and, paradoxically, smaller HCV.  Conclusion In this study of MRI volumetry correlated with age, cognitive scores and VRFs, increasing age and WMHV predicted lower cognitive scores, whereas urban living and hippocampal volume predicted higher scores. Age and WMHV also correlated with decreasing GMV. Further study is warranted into sociodemographic and biological factors that mutually influence cognition and brain volumes, including nutritional and endocrine factors, especially at lower cognitive score bands. In this study, at the lower KCB score bins, the lack of laboratory data pertaining to nutritional and endocrine deficiencies is a drawback that reflects the logistical limitations of screening large populations at the community level. Our volumetric data which is age and cognition stratified, and takes into account the vascular risk factors associated, nevertheless constitutes important baseline data for the Indian population. Our findings could possibly contribute to the formulation of baseline criteria for defining VCI in India and could help in early diagnosis and control of cognitive decline and its key risk factors.</AbstractText | [
[
"30962628",
"Working memory revived in older adults by synchronizing rhythmic brain circuits.",
"Understanding normal brain aging and developing methods to maintain or improve cognition in older adults are major goals of fundamental and translational neuroscience. Here we show a core feature of cognit... | [
[
"36748121",
"Detecting and treating the protean manifestations of diabetic autonomic neuropathy.",
"The manifestations of diabetic autonomic neuropathy (DAN) are protean and clinically involve multiple systems, including the cardiovascular system, the gastrointestinal system, the genitourinary system ... |
40776133 | Stroke Cohort Construction Using an Automated Clinical Data Collection System: An Experience of a Single Cerebrovascular Specialty Hospital in South Korea. | The growing volume of clinical data necessitates efficient management of Electronic Health Records (EHR) data. Traditional labor-intensive EHR management methods have led to significant risks, including high error rates and data omissions. This study modified and developed EHR templates focusing on key cohort-specific variables and developed a C#-based automated system for extracting and managing data from patients with acute stroke. The system reduced data entry time per patient from 35 minutes to 19 seconds. The data error rate decreased from 2.32% to 0.15%. This system enhances data management efficiency and is expected to support the construction of various cohorts through further expansion.</AbstractText | [
[
"24345399",
"Worldwide epidemiology of atrial fibrillation: a Global Burden of Disease 2010 Study.",
"The global burden of atrial fibrillation (AF) is unknown.</AbstractText We systematically reviewed population-based studies of AF published from 1980 to 2010 from the 21 Global Burden of Disease regio... | [
[
"39481376",
"Combinatorial transcription factor binding encodes cis-regulatory wiring of mouse forebrain GABAergic neurogenesis.",
"Transcription factors (TFs) bind combinatorially to cis-regulatory elements, orchestrating transcriptional programs. Although studies of chromatin state and chromosomal i... |
40783178 | Live-attenuated Toxoplasma gondii PruΔpp2a-c mutant elicits protective immunity against toxoplasmosis in mice and cats. | Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic protozoan pathogen capable of infecting humans and nearly all warm-blooded animals, and causing substantial economic losses to the livestock industry. Developing an effective vaccine against T. gondii remains an urgent priority for controlling the spread of this zoonotic parasite. In this study, we evaluated the protective efficacy of a live-attenuated T. gondii PruΔpp2a-c mutant in both mice and cats. Immunization with PruΔpp2a-c elicited strong cellular (IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, and IFN-γ) and humoral (IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a) immune responses in mice, conferring protection against lethal challenge with various T. gondii strains, including highly virulent Type I (RH), mildly virulent ToxoDB#9 (PYS), and less virulent Type II (Pru) strains. While partial protection was observed against virulent strains, almost complete immune protection was achieved against both acute and chronic infections by the less virulent Pru strain, along with a significant reduction in brain cyst burden (P < 0.01). Notably, vaccination of cats with PruΔpp2a-c induced high antibody titers and led to a 94.5% reduction in fecal oocyst shedding (P < 0.001) following homologous challenge, thereby significantly decreasing the potential for environmental transmission. These findings demonstrate that PruΔpp2a-c provides strong cross-protection against various T. gondii strains and substantially limits oocyst shedding. The dual efficacy observed in both intermediate and definitive hosts highlights PruΔpp2a-c as a promising live-attenuated vaccine candidate for preventing transmission of T. gondii by cats.</AbstractText | [
[
"27432990",
"Dynamic neural activity during stress signals resilient coping.",
"Active coping underlies a healthy stress response, but neural processes supporting such resilient coping are not well-known. Using a brief, sustained exposure paradigm contrasting highly stressful, threatening, and violent... | [
[
"40037512",
"A novel ferroptosis inhibitor phenothiazine derivative reduces cell death and alleviates neurological impairments after cerebral hemorrhage.",
"The precise etiology of brain injury induced by intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains unclear. Currently, there are no effective therapeutic opt... |
38195249 | Treatment outcomes for ARUBA-eligible brain arteriovenous malformations: a comparison of real-world data from the NVQI-QOD AVM registry with the ARUBA trial. | Significant controversy exists about the management of unruptured cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Results from A Randomized Trial of Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformations (ARUBA) suggested that intervention increases the risk of stroke/death compared with medical management. However, numerous study limitations raised concerns about the trial's generalizability.</AbstractText To assess the rate of stroke/death and functional outcomes in ARUBA-eligible patients from a multicenter database, the Neurovascular Quality Initiative-Quality Outcomes Database (NVQI-QOD).</AbstractText We performed a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of ARUBA-eligible patients who underwent intervention at 18 participating centers. The primary endpoint was stroke/death from any cause. Secondary endpoints included neurologic, systemic, radiographic, and functional outcomes.</AbstractText 173 ARUBA-eligible patients underwent intervention with median follow-up of 269 (25-722.5) days. Seventy-five patients received microsurgery±embolization, 37 received radiosurgery, and 61 received embolization. Baseline demographics, risk factors, and general AVM characteristics were similar between groups. A total of 15 (8.7%) patients experienced stroke/death with no significant difference in primary outcome between treatment modalities. Microsurgery±embolization was more likely to achieve AVM obliteration (P<0.001). Kaplan-Meier survival curves demonstrated no difference in overall death/stroke outcomes between the different treatment modalities' 5-year period (P=0.087). Additionally, when compared with the ARUBA interventional arm, our patients were significantly less likely to experience death/stroke (8.7% vs 30.7%; P<0.001) and functional impairment (mRS score ≥2 25.4% vs 46.2%; P<0.01).</AbstractText Our results suggest that intervention for unruptured brain AVMs at comprehensive stroke centers across the United States is safe.</AbstractText | [
[
"26156615",
"Management of a solitary pulmonary arteriovenous malformation by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and anatomic lingula resection: video and review.",
"Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations are abnormal communications between the pulmonary arterial and venous vasculature leading to a r... | [
[
"39595016",
"The Impact of Virtual Reality as a Rehabilitation Method Using TRAVEE System on Functional Outcomes and Disability in Stroke Patients: A Pilot Study.",
"Stroke is the third leading cause of disability. Virtual reality (VR) has shown promising results in post-stroke rehabilitation. The VR ... |
40371132 | Neural mechanisms of CALM intervention to improve CRCI in breast cancer survivors: an fMRI-based study. | Managing Cancer and Living Meaningfully (CALM) intervention's impact on chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) in breast cancer survivors (BCs) was investigated through resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) to elucidate the underlying neural mechanisms involved.</AbstractText 68 BCs were randomly assigned to either the CALM group (33 patients) or the care-as-usual (CAU) group (35 patients). Cognitive function was assessed before and after the intervention in both groups using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) scale. Pre- and post-intervention rs-fMRI data were also collected for regional homogeneity (ReHo) and functional connectivity (FC) analyses in the CALM group. A total of 68 BCs were randomly assigned to either the CALM group (n = 33) or the care-as-usual (CAU) group (n = 35). Cognitive function was evaluated pre- and post-intervention using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). In the CALM group, rs-fMRI data were acquired before and after the intervention to assess alterations in regional homogeneity (ReHo) and functional connectivity (FC).</AbstractText CALM intervention demonstrated a greater enhancement in cognitive function compared to CAU (<i CALM intervention mitigates CRCI in BCs, with the middle frontal gyrus may play a critical.</AbstractText | [
[
"33308061",
"Why do imagery and perception look and feel so different?",
"Despite the past few decades of research providing convincing evidence of the similarities in function and neural mechanisms between imagery and perception, for most of us, the experience of the two are undeniably different, why... | [
[
"39707024",
"Mechanical signaling through membrane tension induces somal translocation during neuronal migration.",
"Neurons migrate in a saltatory manner by repeating two distinct steps: extension of the leading process and translocation of the cell body. The former step is critical for determining t... |
37160674 | Antitrust as a Guardrail for Socially Responsible Neurotechnology Design. | The neurotechnology sector is likely to develop under pressure towards commercialized, nonmedical products and may also undergo market consolidation. This possibility raises ethical, social, and policy concerns about the future responsibility of neurotechnology innovators and companies for high-consequence design decisions. Present-day internet technology firms furnish an instructive example of the problems that arise when providers of communicative technologies become too big for accountability. As a guardrail against the emergence of similar problems, concerned neurotechnologists may wish to draw inspiration from antitrust law and direct efforts, where appropriate, against undue consolidation in the commercial neurotechnology market.</AbstractText | [
[
"24904404",
"Decoding spectrotemporal features of overt and covert speech from the human cortex.",
"Auditory perception and auditory imagery have been shown to activate overlapping brain regions. We hypothesized that these phenomena also share a common underlying neural representation. To assess this,... | [
[
"36889873",
"Predicting Malignant Ventricular Arrhythmias Using Real-Time Remote Monitoring.",
"Although implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapies are associated with increased morbidity and mortality, the prediction of malignant ventricular arrhythmias has remained elusive.</AbstractText... |
37756592 | Attention-based generative adversarial networks improve prognostic outcome prediction of cancer from multimodal data. | The prediction of prognostic outcome is critical for the development of efficient cancer therapeutics and potential personalized medicine. However, due to the heterogeneity and diversity of multimodal data of cancer, data integration and feature selection remain a challenge for prognostic outcome prediction. We proposed a deep learning method with generative adversarial network based on sequential channel-spatial attention modules (CSAM-GAN), a multimodal data integration and feature selection approach, for accomplishing prognostic stratification tasks in cancer. Sequential channel-spatial attention modules equipped with an encoder-decoder are applied for the input features of multimodal data to accurately refine selected features. A discriminator network was proposed to make the generator and discriminator learning in an adversarial way to accurately describe the complex heterogeneous information of multiple modal data. We conducted extensive experiments with various feature selection and classification methods and confirmed that the CSAM-GAN via the multilayer deep neural network (DNN) classifier outperformed these baseline methods on two different multimodal data sets with miRNA expression, mRNA expression and histopathological image data: lower-grade glioma and kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. The CSAM-GAN via the multilayer DNN classifier bridges the gap between heterogenous multimodal data and prognostic outcome prediction.</AbstractText | [
[
"32300047",
"Categorical Signaling of the Strongest Stimulus by an Inhibitory Midbrain Nucleus.",
"The nucleus isthmi pars magnocellularis (Imc), a group of inhibitory neurons in the midbrain tegmentum, is a critical component of the spatial selection network in the vertebrate midbrain. It delivers lo... | [
[
"37043357",
"Connexin 43-mediated neurovascular interactions regulate neurogenesis in the adult brain subventricular zone.",
"The subventricular zone (SVZ) is the largest neural stem cell (NSC) niche in the adult brain; herein, the blood-brain barrier is leaky, allowing direct interactions between NSC... |
39387957 | Advanced imaging reveals enhanced malignancy in glioblastomas involving the subventricular zone: evidence of increased infiltrative growth and perfusion. | Glioblastoma's infiltrative growth and heterogeneity are influenced by neural, molecular, genetic, and immunological factors, with the precise origin of these tumors remaining elusive. Neurogenic zones might serve as the tumor stem cells' nest, with tumors in contact with these zones exhibiting worse outcomes and more aggressive growth patterns. This study aimed to determine if these characteristics are reflected in advanced imaging, specifically diffusion and perfusion data.</AbstractText In this monocentric retrospective study, 137 glioblastoma therapy-naive patients (IDH-wildtype, grade 4) with advanced preoperative MRI, including perfusion and diffusion imaging, were analyzed. Tumors and neurogenic zones were automatically segmented. Advanced imaging metrics, including cerebral blood volume (CBV) from perfusion imaging, tissue volume mask (TVM), and free water corrected fractional anisotropy (FA-FWE) from diffusion imaging, were extracted.</AbstractText SVZ infiltration positively correlated with CBV, indicating higher perfusion in tumors. Significant CBV differences were noted between high and low SVZ infiltration cases at specific percentiles. Negative correlation was observed with TVM and positive correlation with FA-FWE, suggesting more infiltrative tumor growth. Significant differences in TVM and FA-FWE values were found between high and low SVZ infiltration cases.</AbstractText Glioblastomas with SVZ infiltration exhibit distinct imaging characteristics, including higher perfusion and lower cell density per voxel, indicating a more infiltrative growth and higher vascularization. Stem cell-like characteristics in SVZ-infiltrating cells could explain the increased infiltration and aggressive behavior. Understanding these imaging and biological correlations could enhance the understanding of glioblastoma evolution.</AbstractText | [
[
"26798224",
"Pre-Operative Perfusion Skewness and Kurtosis Are Potential Predictors of Progression-Free Survival after Partial Resection of Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma.",
"To determine whether pre-operative perfusion skewness and kurtosis derived from normalized cerebral blood volume (nCBV) histogram... | [
[
"40726664",
"A retrospective observational study of clinical and electrophysiological types of Guillain-Barre syndrome from Delhi.",
"To understand the demographic characteristics (age, sex and comorbidities), distribution of electrodiagnostic subtypes, and severity and prognosis of Guillain-Barre syn... |
39163384 | Childhood family socioeconomic status is linked to adult brain electrophysiology. | A large body of research has linked childhood family socioeconomic status (SES) to neurodevelopment in childhood and adolescence. However, it remains unclear to what extent childhood family SES relates to brain functioning in adulthood. To address this gap, the present study investigated the associations between retrospective accounts of objective and subjective childhood family SES and two well-established electrophysiological indices of brain functioning in adulthood-the MMN and P3b event-related potentials (ERP) components, as neural correlates of automatic change detection and cognitive control respectively. Higher objective childhood family SES, as proxied by parent educational attainment in childhood, was associated with larger (more positive) P3b amplitudes in adulthood. In contrast, there was no association between childhood parent educational attainment and the magnitude of MMN. Adult reports of subjective family SES during childhood were not related to the magnitude of MMN or P3b. These findings suggest that the links between childhood parent educational attainment and brain functioning may extend into adulthood, especially for brain functions supporting cognitive control. These results also imply that, when using retrospective accounts of childhood family SES, objective and subjective reports likely proxy different childhood experiences that have distinct links with specific neurodevelopmental outcomes, and that some of these links may not persist into adulthood. Our findings lay the groundwork for future investigations on how and why childhood family SES relates to brain functioning in adulthood.</AbstractText | [
[
"15131523",
"The role of GABA in the pathophysiology and treatment of anxiety disorders.",
"Mechanisms underlying the pathological characteristics of the various anxiety disorders have yet to be fully elucidated. One of the most widely accepted mediators known to play a central role in the pathophysio... | [
[
"38472551",
"Ocrelizumab use in multiple sclerosis: a real-world experience in a changing therapeutic scenario.",
"CD20-depleting therapies are a real milestone in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). This study examined the ocrelizumab (OCR) use in patients with primary progressive (PP) and... |
40011296 | Pyrrolidine Dithiocarbamate Ameliorates Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy by Inhibiting Autophagy and Inflammation in the Brain. | Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is common and has poor clinical outcome. Sepsis increases autophagy in the brain. This study was designed to determine the role of autophagy on SAE including the brain structures related to learning and memory and the effects of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), an anti-inflammatory agent, on autophagy and SAE. Six- to eight-week old CD-1 male mice were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Some mice received intracerebroventricular injection of the autophagy suppressor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) or intraperitoneal injection of PDTC immediately at the completion of the CLP. ELISA was used to measure interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor α. Autophagy-related protein expression in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus was analyzed by Western blotting. The cognitive functions of mice were analyzed by Barnes maze and fear conditioning tests. CLP increased microtubuleassociated protein light chain 3 II (LC3II) and Beclin 1 and decreased p62 in the brain. CLP also increased proinflammatory cytokines and impaired learning and memory. These effects were inhibited by 3-MA and PDTC. Spine proliferation and maturation were impaired by CLP, which was attenuated by PDTC and 3MA. Abundant autophagic vacuoles were observed by transmission electron microscopy in CLP group. LC3II immunostaining was co-localized with that of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 and microtubule-associated protein-2. The co-staining was attenuated by 3-MA and PDTC. Our results suggest that sepsis increases autophagy in the microglia and neurons. Inhibiting autophagy improves SAE and brain structures related to learning and memory in mice. Autophagy and inflammation in the brain may regulate each other during sepsis.</AbstractText | [
[
"37331262",
"Treatment outcomes of Veteran men in a comprehensive dialectical behavior therapy program: Characterizing sex differences in symptom trajectories.",
"Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is one of the primary psychosocial treatments for reducing suicidal behaviors and improving psychosocial... | [
[
"40543407",
"Exploring gastrocnemius medialis behavior during gait in children with cerebral palsy across different gait patterns.",
"Children with spastic cerebral palsy show varied gait patterns and muscle morphological alterations. We explored gastrocnemius medialis behavior during gait in typicall... |
35065321 | Selenium ameliorates mercuric chloride-induced brain damage through activating BDNF/TrKB/PI3K/AKT and inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathways. | Mercuric chloride (HgCl<sub | [
[
"3025747",
"A new mechanism for induced vitamin D deficiency in calcium deprivation.",
"Synthesis of vitamin D in the skin in response to ultraviolet light is the main determinant of vitamin D status in man and it is therefore surprising that rickets and osteomalacia, clinical signs of vitamin D defic... | [
[
"36685218",
"Sources of residual autocorrelation in multiband task fMRI and strategies for effective mitigation.",
"Analysis of task fMRI studies is typically based on using ordinary least squares within a voxel- or vertex-wise linear regression framework known as the general linear model. This use pr... |
34324976 | Improvement of sensitivity and specificity for laminar BOLD fMRI with double spin-echo EPI in humans at 7 T. | Mapping mesoscopic cortical functional units such as columns or laminae is increasingly pursued by ultra-high field (UHF) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The most popular approach for high-resolution fMRI is currently gradient-echo (GE) blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) fMRI. However, its spatial accuracy is reduced due to its sensitivity to draining vessels, including pial veins, whereas spin-echo (SE) BOLD signal is expected to have higher spatial accuracy, albeit with lower sensitivity than the GE-BOLD signal. Here, we introduce a new double spin-echo (dSE) echo-planar imaging (EPI) method to improve the sensitivity of SE-BOLD contrast by averaging two spin-echoes using three radiofrequency pulses. Human fMRI experiments were performed with slices perpendicular to the central sulcus between motor and sensory cortices at 7 T during fist-clenching with touching. First, we evaluated the feasibility of single-shot dSE-EPI for BOLD fMRI with 1.5 mm isotropic resolution and found that dSE-BOLD fMRI has higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), temporal SNR (tSNR), and higher functional sensitivity than conventional SE-BOLD fMRI. Second, to investigate the laminar specificity of dSE-BOLD fMRI, we implemented a multi-shot approach to achieve 0.8-mm isotropic resolution with sliding-window reconstruction. Unlike GE-BOLD fMRI, the cortical profile of dSE-BOLD fMRI peaked at ~ 1.0 mm from the surface of the primary motor and sensory cortices, demonstrating an improvement of laminar specificity in humans over GE-BOLD fMRI. The proposed multi-shot dSE-EPI method is viable for high spatial resolution UHF-fMRI studies in the pursuit of resolving mesoscopic functional units.</AbstractText | [
[
"32936488",
"Segmented K-space blipped-controlled aliasing in parallel imaging for high spatiotemporal resolution EPI.",
"A segmented k-space blipped-controlled aliasing in parallel imaging (skipped-CAIPI) sampling strategy for EPI is proposed, which allows for a flexible choice of EPI factor and phas... | [
[
"23103517",
"Towards a neural circuit model of verbal humor processing: an fMRI study of the neural substrates of incongruity detection and resolution.",
"The present study builds on our previous study within the framework of Wyer and Collin's comprehension-elaboration theory of humor processing. In t... |
30605083 | Adaptive Matching Transmitter With Dual-Band Antenna for Intraoral Tongue Drive System. | The intraoral Tongue Drive System (iTDS) is a wireless assistive technology that detects users' voluntary tongue gestures, and converts them to user-defined commands, enabling them to access computers and navigate powered wheelchairs. In this paper, we presented a transmitter (Tx) with adaptive matching and three bands (27, 433, and 915 MHz) to create a robust wireless link between iTDS and an external receiver (Rx) by addressing the effects of external RF interference and impedance variations of the Tx antenna in the dynamic mouth environment. The upper two Tx bands share a dual-band antenna, while the lower band drives a coil. The Tx antenna is simulated in a simplified human mouth model in HFSS as well as a real human head model. The adaptive triple-band Tx chip was fabricated in a 0.35-μm 4P2M standard CMOS process. The Tx chip and antenna have been characterized in a human subject as part of an iTDS prototype under open-and closed-mouth scenarios, which present the peak gain of -24.4 and -15.63 dBi at 433 and 915 MHz, respectively. Two adaptive matching networks for these bands compensate variations of the Tx antenna impedance via a feedback mechanism. The measured S<sub | [
[
"23556919",
"A prototype MR insertable brain PET using tileable GAPD arrays.",
"The aim of this study was to develop a prototype magnetic resonance (MR)-compatible positron emission tomography (PET) that can be inserted into a MR imager and that allows simultaneous PET and MR imaging of the human brai... | [
[
"29446125",
"Feasibility of high spatiotemporal resolution for an abbreviated 3D radial breast MRI protocol.",
"To develop a volumetric imaging technique with 0.8-mm isotropic resolution and 10-s/volume rate to detect and analyze breast lesions in a bilateral, dynamic, contrast-enhanced MRI exam.</Abs... |
39730017 | Forsythoside B ameliorates neuroinflammation via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome of glial cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice. | Neuroinflammation mediated by glial cells plays a crucial role in demyelination in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a multiple sclerosis (MS) model. Forsythoside B (FTS·B), a natural phenylethanoid glycoside isolated from the dried fruits and leaves of Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl, has been found to have antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, there is currently no report or research on the effectiveness of FTS·B treatment for EAE. The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective properties of (FTS·B) on EAE and reveal its potential mechanisms. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced EAE mice were randomly categorized into the control, EAE model, and FTS·B treatment groups. Behavioral testing, pathology, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence staining, and western blot analysis of spinal cord tissue were used to determine the effects and mechanisms of FTS·B on EAE in mice. We found that FTS·B treatment could significantly alleviate and reduce the clinical symptoms and morbidity of EAE, respectively. In addition, FTS·B administration reduced inflammatory response and demyelination by inhibiting glial cell activation in the spinal cord of EAE mice. Further experiments confirmed that FTS·B inhibited the formation of NLRP3 inflammasome in microglia and astrocytes, thereby suppressing neuroinflammation and GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis. Altogether, these results suggest that FTS·B treatment attenuates central neuroinflammation and pyroptosis by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome of glial cells in EAE mice.</AbstractText | [
[
"31740269",
"Mitochondrial impairment activates the Wallerian pathway through depletion of NMNAT2 leading to SARM1-dependent axon degeneration.",
"Wallerian degeneration of physically injured axons involves a well-defined molecular pathway linking loss of axonal survival factor NMNAT2 to activation of... | [
[
"39934999",
"MacaqueNet: Advancing comparative behavioural research through large-scale collaboration.",
"There is a vast and ever-accumulating amount of behavioural data on individually recognised animals, an incredible resource to shed light on the ecological and evolutionary drivers of variation in... |
16196033 | Constitutive neuronal expression of CCR2 chemokine receptor and its colocalization with neurotransmitters in normal rat brain: functional effect of MCP-1/CCL2 on calcium mobilization in primary cultured neurons. | Chemokines and their receptors are well described in the immune system, where they promote cell migration and activation. In the central nervous system, chemokine has been implicated in neuroinflammatory processes. However, an increasing number of evidence suggests that they have regulatory functions in the normal nervous system, where they could participate in cell communication. In this work, using a semiquantitative immunohistochemistry approach, we provide the first neuroanatomical mapping of constitutive neuronal CCR2 localization. Neuronal expression of CCR2 was observed in the anterior olfactory nucleus, cerebral cortex, hippocampal formation, caudate putamen, globus pallidus, supraoptic and paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei, amygdala, substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, and in the brainstem and cerebellum. These data are largely in accordance with results obtained using quantitative autoradiography with [(125)I]MCP-1/CCL2 and RT-PCR CCR2 mRNA analysis. Furthermore, using dual fluorescent immunohistochemistry we studied the chemical phenotype of labeled neurons and demonstrated the coexistence of CCR2 with classical neurotransmitters. Indeed, localization of CCR2 immunostaining is observed in dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and in the ventral tegmental area as well as in cholinergic neurons in the substantia innominata and caudate putamen. Finally, we show that the preferential CCR2 ligand, MCP-1/CCL2, elicits Ca(2+) transients in primary cultured neurons from various rat brain regions including the cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and mesencephalon. In conclusion, the constitutive neuronal CCR2 expression in selective brain structures suggests that this receptor could be involved in neuronal communication and possibly associated with cholinergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission and related disorders.</AbstractText | [
[
"36857176",
"Positive and negative allosteric modulation of GluK2 kainate receptors by BPAM344 and antiepileptic perampanel.",
"Kainate receptors (KARs) are a subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptors that control synaptic transmission in the central nervous system and are implicated in neurological, ... | [
[
"38010204",
"Associations between white matter integrity of the cingulum bundle, surrounding gray matter regions, and cognition across the dementia continuum.",
"Previous Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (AD/ADRD) research studies have illustrated the significance of studying alterations in w... |
34132175 | Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in pregnancy: the use of modified RT-QuIC to determine infectivity in placental tissues. | Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (sCJD) rarely affects women of childbearing age. There is currently no evidence of vertical transmission. Given the biosafety implications of performing Caesarean sections (C-section) in these patients, we used sensitive real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) assays to test for the infectious prion protein (PrP<sup | [
[
"29186501",
"The Amygdala as a Locus of Pathologic Misfolding in Neurodegenerative Diseases.",
"Over the course of most common neurodegenerative diseases the amygdala accumulates pathologically misfolded proteins. Misfolding of 1 protein in aged brains often is accompanied by the misfolding of other p... | [
[
"33143627",
"Diabetes and Its Complications: Therapies Available, Anticipated and Aspired.",
"Worldwide, diabetes ranks among the ten leading causes of mortality. Prevalence of diabetes is growing rapidly in low and middle income countries. It is a progressive disease leading to serious co-morbidities... |
40717422 | Empowering learners through student-led integration of environmental health into small group discussions. | With ongoing climate change and other major human-induced changes to the biosphere, there is a greater need to improve future healthcare providers' environmental health (EH) literacy. As of 2022, 45% of U.S. MD programs lacked a required EH curriculum. A self-assembled group of four medical students conceptualized and planned this pilot study to characterize matriculating medical students' EH knowledge and attitudes. This group also developed EH content for integration into a preexisting 18-month Case-Based Learning (CBL) curriculum to enhance small-group discussion and learning. Matriculating medical students were invited to participate in an anonymous cross-sectional survey assessing EH literacy and the need for an EH-specific curriculum in August 2023. Concurrently, the student group analyzed 44 cases in the current CBL curriculum and searched PubMed and the PEHSU Climate Resources for Health Education for pertinent topics from the case review. The group then formulated learning objectives and discussion questions for the facilitator guide for 30 cases, with expert review by curriculum faculty members. 70 of 200 students (35%) fully completed a survey about EH literacy. Eighty percent of students reported no previous coursework pertinent to EH, with most students demonstrating a basic understanding of the concept. Students reported low confidence in counseling patients regarding pertinent EH matters and a limited understanding of social determinants of health pertinent to the local area. In 30 identified medical conditions across 10 disciplines, 57 new objectives were developed to address environmental exposures, infectious diseases, climate change, and local implications. Increasing EH literacy among medical students represents a high-impact educational need. This pilot study, conceived and led by medical students, successfully characterized the EH knowledge gap among medical students and integrated novel discipline-specific learning objectives and discussion points into a pre-existing CBL curriculum. This model may easily be adapted to other institutions' curricula.</AbstractText | [
[
"40282146",
"Exploring the Complexity of Children's Math and Vocabulary Learning: The Role of Cognitive, Dispositional, and Parental Factors.",
"Early mathematical and vocabulary skills serve as critical foundations for academic success, yet the mechanisms underlying their development remain complex. ... | [
[
"40423643",
"Comorbidities and anthropometric parameters in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a phenotype-based study.",
"Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) is a heterogeneous syndrome and shows different phenotypic, clinical and physiopathological features. The aim of this study was to examine t... |
38013916 | A Deep Learning Based Anti-aliasing Self Super-resolution Algorithm for MRI. | High resolution magnetic resonance (MR) images are desired in many clinical applications, yet acquiring such data with an adequate signal-to-noise ratio requires a long time, making them costly and susceptible to motion artifacts. A common way to partly achieve this goal is to acquire MR images with good in-plane resolution and poor through-plane resolution (i.e., large slice thickness). For such 2D imaging protocols, aliasing is also introduced in the through-plane direction, and these high-frequency artifacts cannot be removed by conventional interpolation. Super-resolution (SR) algorithms which can reduce aliasing artifacts and improve spatial resolution have previously been reported. State-of-the-art SR methods are mostly learning-based and require external training data consisting of paired low resolution (LR) and high resolution (HR) MR images. However, due to scanner limitations, such training data are often unavailable. This paper presents an anti-aliasing (AA) and self super-resolution (SSR) algorithm that needs no external training data. It takes advantage of the fact that the in-plane slices of those MR images contain high frequency information. Our algorithm consists of three steps: 1) We build a self AA (SAA) deep network followed by 2) an SSR deep network, both of which can be applied along different orientations within the original images, and 3) recombine the multiple orientations output from Steps 1 and 2 using Fourier burst accumulation. We perform our SAA+SSR algorithm on a diverse collection of MR data without modification or preprocessing other than N4 inhomogeneity correction, and demonstrate significant improvement compared to competing SSR methods.</AbstractText | [
[
"28074530",
"Slice profile and B(1) corrections in 2D magnetic resonance fingerprinting.",
"The goal of this study is to characterize and improve the accuracy of 2D magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) scans in the presence of slice profile (SP) and B<sub The SP and B<sub The SP and B<sub This stud... | [
[
"29938010",
"The Parent Trauma Response Questionnaire (PTRQ): development and preliminary validation.",
"<b <b 背景：在儿童遭受创伤之后，父母的反应在促进或阻碍... |
39989429 | Novel plasma biomarkers of amyloid plaque pathology and cortical thickness: Evaluation of the NULISA targeted proteomic platform in an ethnically diverse cohort. | Proteomic evaluation of plasma samples could accelerate the identification of novel Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers. We evaluated the novel NUcleic acid Linked Immuno-Sandwich Assay (NULISA) proteomic method in an ethnically diverse cohort.</AbstractText Plasma biomarkers were measured with NULISA in the Human Connectome Project, a predominantly preclinical biracial community cohort in southwestern Pennsylvania. Selected biomarkers were additionally measured using Simoa and Quest immunoassays and compared.</AbstractText On NULISA, phosphorylated tau (p-tau217, p-tau231, and p-tau181), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT-tau) showed the top significant association with amyloid beta (Aβ) positron emission tomography (PET) status, followed by the neuroinflammation markers C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2), chitotriosidase 1 (CHIT1) and interleukin-8 (CXCL8), and the synaptic marker neurogranin (NRGN). Biomarkers associated with cortical thickness included astrocytic protein chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1), cytokine CD40 ligand (CD40LG), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), the Aβ-associated metalloprotein TIMP3 (tissue inhibitor of metalloprotein 3), and ficolin 2 (FCN2). Furthermore, moderate to strong between-platform correlations were observed for various assays.</AbstractText NULISA multiplexing advantage allowed concurrent assessment of established and novel plasma biomarkers of Aβ pathology and neurodegeneration.</AbstractText Classical Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers measured using the NUcleic acid Linked Immuno-Sandwich Assay (NULISA) with next-generation sequencing readout (NULISAseq) CNS panel showed strong concordance with those measured using established immunoassay methods from Quanterix and Quest, with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neurofilament light (NfL) exhibiting the strongest correlation. NULISAseq proteomic analysis identified several plasma biomarkers strongly associated with AD pathology in a biracial community cohort of older adults. Notably, phosphorylated tau-217 (p-tau217), GFAP, and p-tau231 displayed the strongest association with amyloid beta (Aβ) pathology, whereas brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was strongly associated with neurodegeneration. We demonstrate that plasma biomarker levels could be influenced by age, sex, apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype, and self-identified race. Specifically, GFAP, NfL, and surfactant protein D (SFTPD) showed a strong association with age; CD63 and S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) with self-identified race; synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP25) with APOE genotype; and serum amyloid A1 (SAA1) and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) with significant sex differences.</AbstractText | [
[
"38020757",
"The key role of depression and supramarginal gyrus in frailty: a cross-sectional study.",
"The age-related decrease in reserve and resistance to stressors is recognized as frailty, one of the most significant challenges identified in recent years. Despite a well-acknowledged association o... | [
[
"40746470",
"Could the sealer thickness affect the filling ability of bioceramic endodontic materials? Evaluation in a simulated physiological condition.",
"Bioceramic sealers must provide filling and dimensional stability over time.</AbstractText To evaluate by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), t... |
29434794 | Biomechanical analysis of brachial plexus injury: Availability of three-dimensional finite element model of the brachial plexus. | Adult brachial plexus injuries frequently lead to significant and permanent physical disabilities. Investigating the mechanism of the injury using biomechanical approaches may lead to further knowledge with regard to preventing brachial plexus injuries. However, there are no reports of biomechanical studies of brachial plexus injuries till date. Therefore, the present study used a complex three-dimensional finite element model (3D-FEM) of the brachial plexus to analyze the mechanism of brachial plexus injury and to assess the validity of the model. A complex 3D-FEM of the spinal column, dura mater, spinal nerve root, brachial plexus, rib bone and cartilage, clavicle, scapula, and humerus were conducted. Stress was applied to the model based on the mechanisms of clinically reported brachial plexus injuries: Retroflexion of the cervical, lateroflexion of the cervical, rotation of the cervical, and abduction of the upper limb. The present study analyzed the distribution and strength of strain applied to the brachial plexus during each motion. When the cervical was retroflexed or lateroflexed, the strain was focused on the C5 nerve root and the upper trunk of the brachial plexus. When the upper limb was abducted, strain was focused on the C7 and C8 nerve roots and the lower trunk of the brachial plexus. The results of brachial plexus injury mechanism corresponded with clinical findings that demonstrated the validity of this model. The results of the present study hypothesized that the model has a future potential for analyzing pathological conditions of brachial plexus injuries and other injuries or diseases, including that of spine and spinal nerve root.</AbstractText | [
[
"28624567",
"Results of Operative Treatment of Brachial Plexus Injury Resulting from Shoulder Dislocation: A Study with A Long-Term Follow-Up.",
"Injury to the infraclavicular brachial plexus is an uncommon but serious complication of shoulder dislocation. This work aims to determine the effectiveness... | [
[
"28525629",
"The Association of Perceived Memory Loss with Osteoarthritis and Related Joint Pain in a Large Appalachian Population.",
"Previous studies have documented memory impairment in several chronic pain syndromes. However, the potential link between memory loss and osteoarthritis (OA), the seco... |
15528098 | Semantic processing of Chinese in left inferior prefrontal cortex studied with reversible words. | This study utilized fast event-related fMRI with reversible words to examine the role of left inferior prefrontal cortex (PFC) in semantic processing of Chinese. As a special linguistic phenomenon in Chinese, a reversible word is a two-character word (AB) that, when read from right to left (BA), opposite to the normal left to right reading direction, is also a real word. The two words, AB and BA, can have very different meanings. Fourteen native Chinese saw a reversible word (BA) and were asked to read it backward silently to obtain the meaning of AB, defined as the target meaning. They then saw two test words and decided which of the two was semantically related to the target meaning. Activity in a subregion of BA47 was found to be modulated by the extent to which irrelevant semantic activation of the distractor word BA interfered with semantic retrieval of the target word AB. This finding demonstrated the involvement of the left inferior PFC in the control processes of semantic retrieval in Chinese. In addition, comparing conditions using reversible with that using nonreversible words, we found evidence suggesting a semantic/phonological functional subdivision in left inferior PFC, consistent with that in English.</AbstractText | [
[
"33540359",
"The only-child effect in the neural and behavioral signatures of trust revealed by fNIRS hyperscanning.",
"In daily life, trust is important in interpersonal interactions. However, little is known about interpersonal brain synchronization with respect to trust; in particular, the differen... | [
[
"40216214",
"Brain-based gene expression and corresponding behavioural relevance of risk genes for broad antisocial behaviour.",
"Antisocial behaviour (ASB) involves persistent irresponsible, delinquent activities violating rights and safety of others. A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studie... |
40088962 | Dual targeting of the mitochondrial Lon peptidase 1 and the chymotrypsin-like proteasome activity as a potential therapeutic strategy in malignant astrocytoma models. | Malignant astrocytomas are aggressive primary brain tumors characterized by extensive hypoxia-induced, mitochondria-dependent changes such as altered respiration, increased chymotrypsin-like (CT-L) proteasome activity, decreased apoptosis, drug resistance, stemness, and increased invasiveness. Mitochondrial Lon Peptidase 1 (LonP1) overexpression and increased CT-L proteasome activity are biomarkers of an aggressive high-grade phenotype and found to be associated with recurrence and poor patient survival. In preclinical models, small molecule agents targeting either LonP1 or the proteasome CT-L activity have anti-astrocytoma activity. Here, we present evidence that the dual inhibition of LonP1 and CT-L proteasome activity effectively induces ROS production, leading to apoptosis in malignant astrocytoma established cell lines and patient-derived glioma stem cell-like cultures. We also evaluated a novel small molecule, BT317, derived from the coumarinic compound 4 (CC4) using structure-activity modeling, which we found to inhibit both LonP1 and CT-L proteasome activity. Using gain- and loss-of-function genetic models, we discovered that LonP1 is both necessary and sufficient to drive BT317 drug sensitivity in established and patient-derived glioma stem-like cells by generating ROS and inducing apoptosis. In vitro, BT317 had activity as a single agent but, more importantly, enhanced synergy with the standard of care commonly used chemotherapeutic temozolomide (TMZ). In an orthotopic xenograft astrocytoma model, BT317 crossed the blood-brain barrier, showed selective activity at the tumor site, and demonstrated therapeutic efficacy as a single agent and combined with TMZ. BT317 defines an emerging class of LonP1 and CT-L inhibitors that exhibited promising anti-tumor activity and could be a potential candidate for malignant astrocytoma therapeutics. SIMPLE SUMMARY: Malignant astrocytoma patients have poor clinical outcomes, and novel treatments are needed to limit tumor recurrence and improve their overall survival. These tumors have a malignant phenotype mediated by altered mitochondrial metabolism, abnormal protein processing, and adaptation to hypoxia. We have previously published that astrocytomas are especially vulnerable to proteasome inhibitors as well as to inhibitors of the mitochondrial Lon Peptidase 1 (LonP1), but the effect of combining the two strategies has not been reported. Here, we present evidence that the dual inhibition of LonP1 and Chymotrypsin-like (CT-L) proteasome activity effectively induces cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, leading to apoptosis in malignant astrocytoma established cell lines and patient-derived glioma stem cell-like cultures. We developed BT317, a small molecule dual inhibitor, which crosses the blood-brain barrier and shows strong synergy with the standard of care, temozolomide (TMZ), in the astrocytoma cell lines independent of their isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) profile and in an orthotopic glioma murine model. This preclinical study demonstrated the potential of dual LonP1 and CT-L proteasome inhibition as a novel therapeutic strategy for malignant astrocytoma and provides insight for future clinical translational studies alone or in combination with other chemotherapies.</AbstractText | [
[
"33204688",
"Hemangiopericytoma: Incidence, Treatment, and Prognosis Analysis Based on SEER Database.",
"Hemangiopericytomas are rare tumors derived from pericytes surrounding the blood vessels. The clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of hemangiopericytoma patients remain mostly unknown.... | [
[
"40753796",
"Acupressure as a non-pharmacological treatment for depression: Neurophysiological, biochemical, and psychological mechanisms.",
"Depression is a common and serious psychological disorder with high prevalence and recurrence rates. Still, there are treatment-resistant depression in the clin... |
26041961 | Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy in hepatic encephalopathy. | Hepatic encephalopathy is a brain alteration associated to liver failure that produces cognitive impairments at long term. Neuroimaging are non-invasive methods for the study of the brain by means of spectroscopy and imaging techniques. These technologies give huge information about cerebral metabolism and water distribution to explore brain pathways involved in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy. Furthermore, new magnetic resonance implementations such as voxel-based morphometry or resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging allow studying brain atrophy and neuronal connectivity of the cerebral network involved in the neurocognitive impairments observed in the patients. The development of magnetic resonance technology will generate handy tools for the brain study of liver failure to elucidate the time-course of the pathology and thus to obtain an early diagnosis of cerebral complications.</AbstractText | [
[
"18321730",
"Myelin water imaging of multiple sclerosis at 7 T: correlations with histopathology.",
"Myelin water imaging (MWI) promises to be invaluable in understanding neurological diseases like MS. However, a limitation of MWI is signal to noise ratio. Recently, a number of investigators have perf... | [
[
"25860885",
"Serum albumin is associated with peripheral nerve function in patients with type 2 diabetes.",
"The aim of this study is to investigate the association between serum albumin concentrations and nerve conduction (NC) parameters in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). A total of 409... |
35467010 | Different characteristics of cortical spreading depression in the sleep and wake states. | The objective of this study is to characterize the effects of the sleep-wake cycle on neurovascular and behavioral characteristics of cortical spreading depression (CSD).</AbstractText There is an important bi-directional relationship between migraine and the sleep-wake cycle, but the basic mechanisms of this relationship are poorly understood.</AbstractText We have developed a minimally invasive microchip system to continuously monitor cerebral blood volume (CBV) with optical intrinsic signal (OIS), head movement, and multiple other physiological and behavioral parameters in freely behaving mice over weeks. Behavior is also monitored with simultaneous video recording. This system can also be used to intermittently trigger and record CSD and accompanying neurovascular and behavioral responses. CSD was triggered optically in different stages of the sleep-wake cycle.</AbstractText The optical stimulus threshold to trigger CSD was significantly higher in the wake state compared to sleep (stimulation duration = 16.4 ± 9.7 s vs. 10.8 ± 5.8 s, p = 0.037, n = 6 mice). CSD evoked in the wake versus sleep state produced changes in CBV that were smaller (largest relative change -4.5 ± 5.0% ∆OIS vs. -14.3 ± 8.5% ∆OIS, p = 0.001) and shorter in duration (33:22 ± 6:37 vs. 49:42 ± 8:05 min:s, p = 0.012, n = 6 mice). The threshold for CSD and kinetics of associated CBV changes were correlated with the time since falling asleep or awakening (n = 47 CSDs in 6 mice). CSD triggered in the wake state was associated with a transient freezing behavior. CSD triggered during sleep typically caused a transient awakening and behavioral response. This was followed by a return to sleep until recovery from the sustained phase of decreased CBV that occurred 30-60 min later, at which time there was consistent awakening with behaviors similar to those that occurred at CSD onset. CSD triggered in the wake state evoked a transient decrease in heart rate (from 11.9 ± 0.8 to 9.6 ± 0.8 Hz, p = 0.002, n = 5), whereas when triggered in the sleep state there was a transient increase in HR (from 7.5 ± 0.4 Hz to 9.3 ± 1.1 Hz, p = 0.016, n = 5).</AbstractText The sleep-wake cycle has significant effects on CSD that may have relevance to the clinical presentations of migraine and brain injury.</AbstractText | [
[
"32677977",
"Compressed-sensing accelerated 4D flow MRI of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics.",
"4D flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of CSF can make an important contribution to the understanding of hydrodynamic changes in various neurological diseases but remains limited in clinical application due t... | [
[
"36573133",
"Weakly-supervised learning method for the recognition of potato leaf diseases.",
"As a crucial food crop, potatoes are highly consumed worldwide, while they are also susceptible to being infected by diverse diseases. Early detection and diagnosis can prevent the epidemic of plant diseases... |
38295508 | Comparison of quantitative REM without atonia parameters in isolated REM sleep behavior disorder and early untreated Parkinson's disease. | To analyze REM sleep without atonia (RWA) metrics in patients with isolated REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and healthy subjects and compare them in terms of degree of presumed brainstem damage.</AbstractText Forty-nine iRBD patients, 62 PD patients and 38 healthy controls were included into the analysis. Detailed polysomnographic and clinical data including motor, olfactory, autonomic, and cognitive assessment were obtained in all participants and subsequently compared within groups without RBD (i.e., healthy controls, PD-RBD-) and with RBD (i.e., iRBD, PD-RBD+). SINBAR criteria were used to score RWA.</AbstractText Twenty-one PD patients (33.8 %) had RBD. When comparing PD-RBD-patients and controls, RWA tonic (p = 0.001) and RWA mixed (p = 0.03) were higher in PD-RBD-group. PD-RBD-patients had worse olfactory function than controls (p < 0.001); no significant difference in autonomic or cognitive function was registered. There were no significant differences in RWA parameters when comparing iRBD and PD-RBD + groups. iRBD patients had better olfactory function than PD-RBD+ (p = 0.006); no significant difference in autonomic or cognitive function was registered. PD-RBD + had worse autonomic (p = 0.006) and olfactory (p = 0.001) but not motor and cognitive function compared to PD-RBD-.</AbstractText Untreated de-novo PD patients without RBD have increased RWA metrics compared to healthy subjects indicating subclinical degeneration of brainstem nuclei responsible for RWA. iRBD patients do not differ in RWA metrics from untreated de-novo PD patients with premotor RBD suggesting a similar level of brainstem degeneration caudal to substantia nigra in both groups. Groups with RBD are associated with autonomic dysfunction.</AbstractText | [
[
"38701162",
"Oscillation-Specific Nodal Differences in Parkinson's Disease Patients with Anxiety.",
"Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that is predominantly known for its motor symptoms but is also accompanied by non-motor symptoms, including anxiety.</AbstractText The un... | [
[
"39160029",
"Haemodynamic effects of non-Newtonian fluid blood on the abdominal aorta before and after double tear rupture.",
"Intimal tears caused by aortic dissection can weaken the arterial wall and lead to aortic aneurysms. However, the effect of different tear states on the blood flow behaviour r... |
28546311 | Evidence for Functional Networks within the Human Brain's White Matter. | Investigation of the functional macro-scale organization of the human cortex is fundamental in modern neuroscience. Although numerous studies have identified networks of interacting functional modules in the gray-matter, limited research was directed to the functional organization of the white-matter. Recent studies have demonstrated that the white-matter exhibits blood oxygen level-dependent signal fluctuations similar to those of the gray-matter. Here we used these signal fluctuations to investigate whether the white-matter is organized as functional networks by applying a clustering analysis on resting-state functional MRI (RSfMRI) data from white-matter voxels, in 176 subjects (of both sexes). This analysis indicated the existence of 12 symmetrical white-matter functional networks, corresponding to combinations of white-matter tracts identified by diffusion tensor imaging. Six of the networks included interhemispheric commissural bridges traversing the corpus callosum. Signals in white-matter networks correlated with signals from functional gray-matter networks, providing missing knowledge on how these distributed networks communicate across large distances. These findings were replicated in an independent subject group and were corroborated by seed-based analysis in small groups and individual subjects. The identified white-matter functional atlases and analysis codes are available at http://mind.huji.ac.il/white-matter.aspx Our results demonstrate that the white-matter manifests an intrinsic functional organization as interacting networks of functional modules, similarly to the gray-matter, which can be investigated using RSfMRI. The discovery of functional networks within the white-matter may open new avenues of research in cognitive neuroscience and clinical neuropsychiatry.<b | [
[
"30911222",
"Strength and Temporal Variance of the Default Mode Network to Investigate Chronic Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Service Members with Psychological Trauma.",
"There is a significant number of military personnel with a history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) who suffer from comorbid ... | [
[
"12574424",
"Formation of complement membrane attack complex in mammalian cerebral cortex evokes seizures and neurodegeneration.",
"The complement system consists of >30 proteins that interact in a carefully regulated manner to destroy invading bacteria and prevent the deposition of immune complexe... |
39111111 | Post-treatment alterations in white matter integrity in PTSD: Effects on symptoms and functional connectivity a secondary analysis of an RCT. | Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been linked to altered communication within the limbic system, including reduced structural connectivity in the uncinate fasciculus (UNC; i.e., decreased fractional anisotropy; FA) and reduced resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) between the hippocampus and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). Previous research has demonstrated attenuation of PTSD symptoms and alterations in RSFC following exposure-based psychotherapy. However, the relationship between changes in structural and functional connectivity patterns and PTSD symptoms following treatment remains unclear. To investigate this, we conducted a secondary analysis of data from a randomized clinical trial of intensive exposure therapy, evaluating alterations in UNC FA, hippocampus-vmPFC RSFC, and PTSD symptoms before (pre-treatment), 7 days after (post-treatment), and 30 days after (follow-up) the completion of therapy. Our results showed that post-treatment changes in RSFC were positively correlated with post-treatment and follow-up changes in UNC FA and that post-treatment changes in UNC FA were positively correlated with post-treatment and follow-up changes in PTSD symptoms. These findings suggest that early changes in functional connectivity are associated with sustained changes in anatomical connectivity, which in turn are linked to reduced PTSD symptom severity.</AbstractText | [
[
"37185137",
"Photochemically induced thalamus infarction impairs cognition in a mouse model.",
"Small subcortical infarcts account for up to 25% of ischaemic strokes. Thalamus is one of the subcortical structures that commonly manifest with lacunar infarcts on MRI of the brain. Studies have shown that... | [
[
"39203743",
"Possible Extracellular Signals to Ameliorate Sarcopenia in Response to Medium-Chain Triglycerides (8:0 and 10:0) in Frail Older Adults.",
"In frail older adults (mean age 85 years old), a 3-month supplementation with a low dose (6 g/day) of medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs; C8:0 and C10:0... |
37838358 | Management of Cholinergic Rebound After Abrupt Withdrawal of Clozapine: A Case Report and Systematic Literature Review. | Cholinergic discontinuation symptoms, also known as "cholinergic rebound," from abrupt clozapine discontinuation are characterized by a range of somatic and psychiatric symptoms.</AbstractText The objective of this study was to describe the clinical features and management options for clozapine withdrawal-associated cholinergic rebound syndrome (henceforth referred to as CWCRS) and present an illustrative case report.</AbstractText Based on a literature search of the databases PubMed, OVID Medline, and Embase as well as reviewing reference lists of relevant past reviews, we carried out a systematic review of case reports on the management of CWCRS from 1946 to 2023.</AbstractText We identified 10 previously published articles on the clinical management of CWCRS, with a total of 18 patients (6 female, 12 male) with an average age of 43 years (standard deviation 14). Half of the patients had a history of tardive dyskinesia. The mean dose of clozapine before discontinuation was 351 mg/day, with duration of clozapine treatment ranging from 3 weeks to 9 years. Clozapine was the most effective treatment, followed by benztropine.</AbstractText Given the small number of cases and the nonexperimental nature of the available studies, this review could not provide reliable data to guide management of CWCRS. The findings, however, suggest that clozapine may be more effective than other commonly used treatment options. With the high rates of discontinuation among patients on clozapine, there is a pressing need for further research into the epidemiology, natural history, and management of clozapine withdrawal syndromes.</AbstractText | [
[
"36449471",
"Impact-Tardive Dyskinesia (Impact-TD) Scale: A Clinical Tool to Assess the Impact of Tardive Dyskinesia.",
"<b"
]
] | [
[
"39554587",
"Plasma levels of progranulin, a tumorigenic protein, are persistently elevated during the first month after minimally invasive colorectal cancer resection.",
"Progranulin (PGRN), also identified as Precursor cell-derived growth factor (PCDGF), is a glycoprotein that is expressed and relea... |
39402611 | Cognitive flexibility predicts attitudes towards vaccination: evidence from a New Zealand sample. | Vaccine hesitancy (the reluctance or refusal to vaccinate) poses a significant threat to public health worldwide, with declining vaccination coverage resulting in the resurgence of vaccine-preventable diseases (e.g., measles) in recent years. Despite efforts to combat vaccine hesitancy through information-based campaigns and other interventions, vaccine-hesitant attitudes persist. Given that such interventions likely expose individuals to information that conflicts with their own viewpoints about vaccination, cognitive flexibility - the ability to adapt one's thoughts, attitudes, beliefs, or behavior in response to changing information or environmental demands - may play a role in vaccine hesitancy.</AbstractText The current study investigated the relationship between cognitive flexibility and attitudes towards vaccination in a sample of New Zealand residents (N = 601). Cognitive flexibility was measured using perseverative responses in the Wisconsin Card-Sorting Task, and vaccination attitudes were measured using an adapted version of the Multidimensional Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (MVHS). Linear regression was used with MVHS scores as the dependent variable and cognitive flexibility and sociodemographic variables (age, gender, ethnicity, education level, religion) as predictors.</AbstractText Cognitive flexibility predicted personal barriers to vaccination (e.g.," vaccines go against my personal beliefs"), with participants with lower levels of cognitive flexibility reporting greater personal barriers. In contrast, there was no significant relationship between cognitive flexibility and external barriers to vaccination (e.g., "vaccines cost too much"). Additionally, religious participants reported overall higher levels of vaccine hesitancy than non-religious participants.</AbstractText These findings join others demonstrating that individual differences in cognitive style are associated with attitudes towards vaccination, and tentatively suggest that interventions aiming to reduce vaccine hesitancy may be more effective if combined with techniques to increase cognitive flexibility. To be sure, future work is needed to test the causal relationship between cognitive flexibility and attitudes towards vaccination.</AbstractText | [
[
"29287743",
"A novel ex vivo method for measuring whole brain metabolism in model systems.",
"Many neuronal and glial diseases have been associated with changes in metabolism. Therefore, metabolic reprogramming has become an important area of research to better understand disease at the cellular level... | [
[
"38392440",
"Effectiveness of Different Neurocognitive Intervention Approaches on Functionality in Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review.",
"Subtle loss of functionality in healthy older adults is considered one of the most important predictors of cognitive decline. Neurocognitive interventions ar... |
39456253 | The Ambivalence of Post COVID-19 Vaccination Responses in Humans. | The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has prompted a massive global vaccination campaign, leading to the rapid development and deployment of several vaccines. Various COVID-19 vaccines are under different phases of clinical trials and include the whole virus or its parts like DNA, mRNA, or protein subunits administered directly or through vectors. Beginning in 2020, a few mRNA (Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 and Moderna mRNA-1273) and adenovirus-based (AstraZeneca ChAdOx1-S and the Janssen Ad26.COV2.S) vaccines were recommended by WHO for emergency use before the completion of the phase 3 and 4 trials. These vaccines were mostly administered in two or three doses at a defined frequency between the two doses. While these vaccines, mainly based on viral nucleic acids or protein conferred protection against the progression of SARS-CoV-2 infection into severe COVID-19, and prevented death due to the disease, their use has also been accompanied by a plethora of side effects. Common side effects include localized reactions such as pain at the injection site, as well as systemic reactions like fever, fatigue, and headache. These symptoms are generally mild to moderate and resolve within a few days. However, rare but more serious side effects have been reported, including allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis and, in some cases, myocarditis or pericarditis, particularly in younger males. Ongoing surveillance and research efforts continue to refine the understanding of these adverse effects, providing critical insights into the risk-benefit profile of COVID-19 vaccines. Nonetheless, the overall safety profile supports the continued use of these vaccines in combating the pandemic, with regulatory agencies and health organizations emphasizing the importance of vaccination in preventing COVID-19's severe outcomes. In this review, we describe different types of COVID-19 vaccines and summarize various adverse effects due to autoimmune and inflammatory response(s) manifesting predominantly as cardiac, hematological, neurological, and psychological dysfunctions. The incidence, clinical presentation, risk factors, diagnosis, and management of different adverse effects and possible mechanisms contributing to these effects are discussed. The review highlights the potential ambivalence of human response post-COVID-19 vaccination and necessitates the need to mitigate the adverse side effects.</AbstractText | [
[
"28500804",
"A Large Outbreak of Thiamine Deficiency Among Illegal Gold Miners in French Guiana.",
"From September 2013 to July 2014, several gold miners working in the tropical forest consulted the Maripasoula Health Center in French Guiana for edema and findings consistent with right-sided cardiac f... | [
[
"39053336",
"Two-year mortality and seizure recurrence following status epilepticus in Auckland, New Zealand: A prospective cohort study.",
"To document the 2-year mortality and seizure recurrence rate of a prospective cohort of patients identified with status epilepticus (SE).</AbstractText Patients ... |
39428042 | Optineurin regulates motor and learning behaviors by affecting dopaminergic neuron survival in mice. | Optineurin (OPTN) is an autophagy receptor that participates in the degradation of damaged mitochondria, protein aggregates, and invading pathogens. OPTN is closely related to various types of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the role of OPTN in the central nervous system is unclear. Here, we found that OPTN dysregulation in the compact part of substantia nigra (SNc) led to motor and learning deficits in animal models. Knockdown of OPTN increased total and phosphorylated α-synuclein levels which induced microglial activation and dopaminergic neuronal loss in the SNc. Overexpression of OPTN can't reverse the motor and learning phenotypes. Mechanistic analysis revealed that upregulation of OPTN increased α-synuclein phosphorylation independent of its autophagy receptor activity, which further resulted in microglial activation and dopaminergic neuronal loss similar to OPTN downregulation. Our study uncovers the crucial role of OPTN in maintaining dopaminergic neuron survival and motor and learning functions which are disrupted in PD patients.</AbstractText | [
[
"28554413",
"The Nonmotor Features of Parkinson's Disease.",
"Nonmotor symptoms (NMS) of Parkinson's disease (PD) were recognized by the great James Parkinson himself who mentioned symptoms such as sleep dysfunction, delirium, dementia, and dysautonomia, in his seminal 1817 essay, \"An Essay on the Sh... | [
[
"38315591",
"SARF: Aliasing Relation-Assisted Self-Supervised Learning for Few-Shot Relation Reasoning.",
"Few-shot relation reasoning on knowledge graphs (FS-KGR) is an important and practical problem that aims to infer long-tail relations and has drawn increasing attention these years. Among all the... |
40286791 | B cell-derived acetylcholine promotes liver regeneration by regulating Kupffer cell and hepatic CD8(+) T cell function. | Liver regeneration (LR) is essential for recovery from acute trauma, cancer surgery, or transplantation. Neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine (ACh) play a role in LR by stimulating immune cells and augmenting hepatocyte proliferation, but the source of this ACh remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that B cells expressing choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), which synthesizes ACh, were required for LR. Mice lacking ChAT<sup | [
[
"21746786",
"SIRT-1 and vascular endothelial dysfunction with ageing in mice and humans.",
"We tested the hypothesis that reductions in the cellular deacetylase, sirtuin-1 (SIRT-1), contribute to vascular endothelial dysfunction with ageing via modulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) ac... | [
[
"40725047",
"Exploring the Interplay Between Gut Microbiota and the Melatonergic Pathway in Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer.",
"Emerging evidence suggests a bidirectional relationship between gut microbiota, melatonin synthesis, and breast cancer (BC) development in hormone receptor-positive p... |
37818027 | 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-2-d-glucose PET-CT (FDG PET-CT) in staging of high-risk renal and urothelial bladder cancers (COPPER-T) trial protocol. | Role of <sup There will be two subgroups of patients: RCC and urinary bladder carcinoma. In each of these, the patients will be randomized to either Arm A or Arm B. In each of the arms, each patient will be subjected to diagnostic imaging by FDG PET-CT. The CT scan will be a contrast-enhanced scan like that in conventional staging. A radiologist and nuclear medicine specialist will report the scan independently. The radiologist will not have access to the PET scan sequences and will only review the contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) images. In Arm A, the report of the conventional imaging modality, that is, CECT and bone scan if done, will be reviewed first by the clinician, and based on this report, a management plan will be made. Then, the PET-CT report will be reviewed, and change in the management plan will be noted. New findings or equivocal findings if any in the PET-CT report would be noted. In Arm B, the report of the PET-CT report will be reviewed first by the clinicians, and a management plan will be made. Then, the CECT and/or bone scan reports will be reviewed, and any change in the management plan will be noted.</AbstractText Final analysis of the data after completion of the trial will help in clarifying the role of FDG PET-CT in high risk RCC and transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder, its diagnostic accuracy compared with conventional imaging and the impact of using it on patient management.</AbstractText | [
[
"32906630",
"Orbital and Eyelid B-Cell Lymphoma: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.",
"The aim of this study was to analyze patients diagnosed, staged and treated for orbital and eyelid B-cell lymphoma (OEL).</AbstractText One hundred and forty-one cases of OEL were included in this study. Primary end... | [
[
"37645082",
"Validity and Reliability of the Pictures of Facial Affect (POFA) in Healthy People and Patients with Essential Tremor in the Turkish Population.",
"This study aimed to conduct the validity and reliability of the (Pictures of Facial Affect) POFA test for the Turkish population and contribu... |
35403392 | [Modulation of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on default mode network in patients with primary insomnia]. | To explore the modulation of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) on default mode network (DMN) in patients with primary insomnia (PI).</AbstractText A total of 22 PI patients (one patient dropped off and two patients were excluded) were included and treated with taVNS. The bilateral auricular points of Xin (CO<sub After treatment, the total score of PSQI in PI patients was lower than that before treatment (<i taVNS can modulate the FC between anterior and posterior DMN, and between DMN and cognitive control network of PI patients, which may be one of the brain effect mechanisms of taVNS in the treatment of PI patients.</AbstractText <b | [
[
"17599700",
"Recent advances in magnetic resonance neurospectroscopy.",
"Over the past two decades, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (proton MRS) of the brain has made the transition from research tool to a clinically useful modality. In this review, we first describe the localization methods cu... | [
[
"35218310",
"GSH-Responsive Metal-Organic Framework for Intratumoral Release of NO and IDO Inhibitor to Enhance Antitumor Immunotherapy.",
"Immunotherapy brings great benefits for tumor therapy in clinical treatments but encounters the severe challenge of low response rate mainly because of the immuno... |
39735539 | Circulating extracellular vesicles and neutrophil extracellular traps contribute to endothelial dysfunction in preeclampsia. | Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy complication characterized by hypertension, proteinuria, endothelial dysfunction, and complement dysregulation. Placenta-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), necessary in maternal-fetal communication, might contribute to PE pathogenesis. Moreover, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play a pathogenic role in other complement-mediated pathologies, and their contribution in PE remains unexplored.</AbstractText EVs were isolated from PE (peEVs) and normotensive pregnant women sera. NETs were obtained incubating donor-pre-activated neutrophils with PE or control sera. Microvascular (HMEC) endothelial cells (ECs) were incubated with PE or control sera with or without (depleted sera) EVs or NETs, to assess changes in VCAM-1, ICAM-1, VE-cadherin, eNOS, VWF, ROS, and C5b-9 deposits. Results were expressed as fold increase vs. control.</AbstractText VWF, VCAM-1, and ROS expression was significantly higher in cells exposed to PE sera vs. control (12.3 ± 8.1, 3.6 ± 2.3, and 1.8 ± 0.2, respectively, <i Both circulating EVs and NETs from PE pregnant women exhibit a deleterious effect on ECs. Whereas EVs trigger a pro-oxidant and proinflammatory state, NETs potentiate the activation of the complement system, as already described in PE.</AbstractText | [
[
"37766893",
"Advantages of photo-curable collagen-based cell-laden bioinks compared to methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) in digital light processing (DLP) and extrusion bioprinting.",
"The development of cell-laden bioinks that possess high biocompatibility and printability is crucial in the field of biop... | [
[
"38342980",
"Improving quantitative MRI using self-supervised deep learning with model reinforcement: Demonstration for rapid T1 mapping.",
"This paper proposes a novel self-supervised learning framework that uses model reinforcement, REference-free LAtent map eXtraction with MOdel REinforcement (RELA... |
40714509 | The function and application potential of L-theanine: From biotechnological production, biosynthesis, bioactivity to food industry. | L-theanine (γ-glutamylethylamide), a unique amino acid predominantly biosynthesized in tea plants (Camellia sinensis), exhibits multifaceted roles in human health and food innovation. This review elucidates its biosynthesis regulated by nitrogen availability and epigenetic mechanisms, alongside sustainable biotechnological production strategies, including extraction technologies to biotransformation. Mechanistically, L-theanine modulates glutamate receptors to enhance neuroprotection (BDNF upregulation, cortisol reduction), activates AMPK for anti-obesity effects (lipid oxidation, adiponectin secretion), and activates of γδ T cells to bolster immunomodulation. Emerging food applications include cognitive-enhancing beverages, plant-based preservatives (metal chelation), and low-sodium umami enhancers. By integrating molecular insights with scalable production and functional food design, this work positions L-theanine as a pivotal nutraceutical bridging metabolic health, sustainable biotechnological innovations, and consumer-driven dietary trends.</AbstractText | [
[
"32621777",
"Association between tear and blood glucose concentrations: Random intercept model adjusted with confounders in tear samples negative for occult blood.",
"To prevent diabetic complications, strict glucose control and frequent monitoring of blood glucose levels with invasive methods are nec... | [
[
"40744504",
"Effects of N-Acetylcysteine and l-Carnitine on Wound Healing of Palatal Mucosa in a Rat Model.",
"Surgical procedures in oral and maxillofacial surgery inevitably cause wound formation, making the patient vulnerable to infections as well as discomfort. As antioxidant agents exert great po... |
40689283 | Evaluating Children's Drawings as a Means of Expression in Children with Chronic Diseases. | Children's drawings are considered an important tool for detecting emotions and experiences that a child may be unable or unwilling to express verbally.</AbstractText This study aimed to assess the emotional state, psychological development, and adjustment mechanisms of children with chronic diseases using projective drawing tests, and to compare their responses with those of healthy children.</AbstractText A cross-sectional design was implemented in one region of Greece, involving 100 children aged 6-12 years. The sample included 50 children with chronic diseases (25 with type 1 diabetes and 25 with cystic fibrosis) and 50 healthy children serving as a control group, selected from pediatric clinics and schools. Data collection took place between January and June 2023. Participants completed three projective tests: the Kinetic Family Drawing Test (KFD), Tree Drawing Test, and House Drawing Test, which assessed emotional expression and psychological functioning.</AbstractText Children with chronic diseases expressed emotions differently compared to healthy peers. In the KFD, they depicted fewer smiling faces, indicating higher emotional distress and a more negative perception of their family environment. In the tree drawings, symbolic elements such as birds-representing freedom or hope - were more common among children with chronic diseases, while healthy children more often drew roots, suggesting emotional stability. The House Drawing Test revealed no significant differences between the two groups.</AbstractText Projective tests such as the KFD and Tree Drawing Test appear to be effective in identifying emotional issues in children with chronic illnesses, unlike the House Drawing Test. These findings support the integration of such tools into psychological assessments and therapeutic interventions for pediatric chronic disease populations.</AbstractText | [
[
"37966840",
"Ascertainment of Minimal Clinically Important Differences in the Diabetes Distress Scale-17: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.",
"The Diabetes Distress Scale-17 (DDS-17) is a common measure of diabetes distress. Despite its popularity, there are no agreed-on minimal cli... | [
[
"39988194",
"The intrinsic functional connectivity patterns of the phonological and semantic networks in word reading.",
"Previous studies have revealed that phonological and semantic processing recruit separate brain networks. However, the intrinsic functional connectivity patterns of the phonologica... |
37019439 | Passive Recording of Bioelectrical Signals from Non-Excitable Cells by Fluorescent Mirroring. | Bioelectrical variations trigger different cell responses, including migration, mitosis, and mutation. At the tissue level, these actions result in phenomena such as wound healing, proliferation, and pathogenesis. Monitoring these mechanisms dynamically is highly desirable in diagnostics and drug testing. However, existing technologies are invasive: either they require physical access to the intracellular compartments, or they imply direct contact with the cellular medium. Here, we present a novel approach for the passive recording of electrical signals from non-excitable cells adhering to 3D microelectrodes, based on optical mirroring. Preliminary results yielded a fluorescence intensity output increase of the 5,8% in the presence of a HEK-293 cell on the electrode compared to bare microelectrodes. At present, this technology may be employed to evaluate cell-substrate adhesion and monitor cell proliferation. Further refinements could allow extrapolating quantitative data on surface charges and resting potential to investigate the electrical phenomena involved in cell migration and cancer progression.</AbstractText | [
[
"12813152",
"Loss of force induced by high extracellular [K+] in rat muscle: effect of temperature, lactic acid and beta2-agonist.",
"Loss of K+ from active muscles, leading to increased [K+]o, has been proposed to cause muscle fatigue by reducing excitability. Since exercise increases muscle temperat... | [
[
"36398570",
"[Metacognitions and interoceptive sensibility in the perception of premonitory urges in tic disorders across the lifespan].",
"Metacognitions and interoceptive sensibility in the perception of premonitory urges in tic disorders across the lifespan <b <b"
]
] |
27861208 | Left Ventricular Myocardial Fibrosis, Atrophy, and Impaired Contractility in Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and a Preserved Left Ventricular Function: A Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Study. | Using a cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) approach we investigated left ventricular (LV) myocardial changes associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) by strain analysis and mapping techniques.</AbstractText Seventeen patients with PAH (9 men; mean age, 64.2±13.6 y) and 20 controls (10 men, 63.2±10.5 y) were examined using CMR at 1.5 T. Native LV T1-relaxation times (T1) and extracellular volume fraction (ECV) were assessed using a MOLLI sequence, T2-relaxation times (T2) by means of a gradient spin-echo sequence, and LV longitudinal strain (LVS) and right ventricular (RV) longitudinal strain (RVS) by means of CMR feature tracking. The hematocrit and serum levels of pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide were determined on the day of the CMR examination. Pulmonary arterial pressure and 6-minute walking distance were assessed as part of the clinical evaluation.</AbstractText T1 and ECV were higher (1048.5±46.6 vs. 968.3±22.9 ms and 32.4%±5.7% vs. 28.4%±3.8%; P<0.05) and LVS was lower in patients with PAH (-18.0±5.6 vs. -23.0±2.9; P<0.01) compared with controls. LV mass and interventricular septal thickness were lower in PAH patients (65.7±18.0 vs. 86.7±26.9 g and 7.6±1.9 vs. 10±2.4 mm; P<0.05); there were no differences in LV ejection fraction (61.2%±6.9% vs. 61.9%±6.7%; P=0.86). T1-derived parameters correlated significantly with RVS, LVS, the 6-minute walking distance, RV ejection fraction, pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide, and baseline mean pulmonary arterial pressure. There were no significant differences in T2.</AbstractText In patients with PAH, changes in T1 and ECV support the hypothesis of LV myocardial fibrosis and atrophy with a consecutively impaired contractility despite a preserved LV function, possibly due to longstanding PAH-associated LV underfilling.</AbstractText | [
[
"23319072",
"Early brain pseudoatrophy while on natalizumab therapy is due to white matter volume changes.",
"Investigation of atrophy data from a pivotal natalizumab trial has demonstrated an increased rate of volume loss, compared to placebo, after the first year of therapy. It was considered to be ... | [
[
"28585255",
"Life years lost among patients with a given disease.",
"A number of suggested measures of life years lost among patients with a given disease are reviewed, and some new ones are proposed. The methods are all phrased in the framework of a (Markov or non-Markov) illness-death model in combi... |
37489383 | Management of Migraine-Associated Vestibulocochlear Disorders. | Migraine is a chronic neurological disorder that frequently coexists with different vestibular and cochlear symptoms (sudden hearing loss, tinnitus, otalgia, aural fullness, hyperacusis, dizziness, imbalance, and vertigo) and disorders (recurrent benign positional vertigo, persistent postural perceptual dizziness, mal de debarquement, and Menière's disease). Despite evidence of an epidemiological association and similar pathophysiology between migraine and these vestibulocochlear disorders, patients suffering from migraine-related symptoms are usually underdiagnosed and undertreated. Current migraine treatment options have shown success in treating vestibulocochlear symptoms. Lifestyle and dietary modifications (reducing stress, restful sleep, avoiding migraine dietary triggers, and avoiding starvation and dehydration) and supplements (vitamin B2 and magnesium) offer effective first-line treatments. Treatment with migraine prophylactic medications such as tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., nortriptyline), anticonvulsants (e.g., topiramate), and calcium channel blockers (e.g., verapamil) is implemented when lifestyle and dietary modifications are not sufficient in improving a patient's symptoms. We have included an algorithm that outlines a suggested approach for addressing these symptoms, taking into account our clinical observations. Greater recognition and understanding of migraine and its related vestibular and cochlear symptoms are needed to ensure the appropriate diagnosis and treatment of affected patients.</AbstractText | [
[
"34672361",
"Association Between Asthma and Meniere's Disease: A Nested Case-Control Study.",
"This study aimed to investigate the association between Meniere's disease and prior history of asthma.</AbstractText A nested case-control study.</AbstractText Among the patients aged ≥40 years... | [
[
"37393007",
"Mini-review: \"Enteric glia functions in nervous tissue repair: Therapeutic target or tool?\".",
"In the body, nerve tissue is not only present in the central nervous system, but also in the periphery. The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a highly organized intrinsic network of neurons and... |
37336998 | A sub 1 GHz ultra miniaturized folded dipole patch antenna for biomedical applications. | A miniaturized folded dipole patch antenna (FDPA) design for biomedical applications operating at sub 1 GHz (434 MHz) band is presented. Antenna is fabricated on FR-4 substrate material having dimensions of 16.40 mm [Formula: see text] 8.60 mm [Formula: see text] 1.52 mm (0.023[Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] 0.012[Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] 0.002[Formula: see text]). Indirect feed coupling is applied through two parallel strips at bottom layer of the substrate. The antenna size is reduced by 83% through lumped inductor placed at the center path of the radiating FDPA, suitable for biomedical (implantable) applications and hyperthermia. Moreover, Impedance matching is achieved without using any Balun transformer or any other complex matching network. The proposed antenna provides an impedance bandwidth of 6 MHz (431-437 MHz) below - 10 dB and a gain of - 31 dB at 434 MHz. The designed antenna is also placed on a human body model to evaluate its performance for hyperthermia through Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), Effective Field Size (EFS), and penetration depth (PD).</AbstractText | [
[
"33730953",
"Challenges and recommendations for magnetic hyperthermia characterization measurements.",
"The localized heating of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) <i An interlaboratory study (across <i The data show that although there is very good intralaboratory repeatability, the overall interlaborator... | [
[
"33568700",
"Morphometry of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 particles in ultrathin plastic sections of infected Vero cell cultures.",
"SARS-CoV-2 is the causative of the COVID-19 disease, which has spread pandemically around the globe within a few months. It is therefore necessary to collect fundamental infor... |
38754255 | Long-term seizure diary tracking habits in clinical studies: Evidence from the Human Epilepsy Project. | To characterize seizure tracking patterns of people with focal epilepsy using electronic seizure diary entries, and to assess for risk factors associated with poor tracking.</AbstractText We analyzed electronic seizure diary data from 410 participants with newly diagnosed focal epilepsy in the Human Epilepsy Project 1 (HEP1). Each participant was expected to record data each day during the study, regardless of seizure occurrence. The primary outcome of this post-hoc analysis was whether each participant properly tracked a seizure diary entry each day during their study participation. Using finite mixture modeling, we grouped patient tracking trajectories into data-driven clusters. Once defined, we used multinomial modeling to test for independent risk factors of tracking group membership.</AbstractText Using over up to three years of daily seizure diary data per subject, we found four distinct seizure tracking groups: consistent, frequent at study onset, occasional, and rare. Participants in the consistent tracking group tracked a median of 92% (interquartile range, IQR: 82%, 99%) of expected days, compared to 47% (IQR:34%, 60%) in the frequent at study onset group, 37% (IQR: 26%, 49%) in the occasional group, and 9% (IQR: 3%, 15%) in the rare group. In multivariable analysis, consistent trackers had lower rates of seizure days per tracked year during their study participation, compared to other groups.</AbstractText Future efforts need to focus on improving seizure diary tracking adherence to improve quality of outcome data, particularly in those with higher seizure burden. In addition, accounting for missing data when using seizure diary data as a primary outcome is important in research trials. If not properly accounted for, total seizure burden may be underestimated and biased, skewing results of clinical trials.</AbstractText | [
[
"36941137",
"Association of FAT1 with focal epilepsy and correlation between seizure relapse and gene expression stage.",
"The FAT1 gene encodes FAT atypical cadherin 1, which is essential for foetal development, including brain development. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between FAT... | [
[
"39141740",
"Single neuron responses to perceptual difficulty in the mouse auditory cortex.",
"Perceptual learning leads to improvement in behavioral performance, yet how the brain supports challenging perceptual demands is unknown. We used two photon imaging in the mouse primary auditory cortex durin... |
39060866 | Tension hydrothorax complicating syringopleural shunt for post-traumatic syringomyelia. | Syringomyelia is a rare phenomenon that is typically associated with Chiari malformations. However, they can occur in the setting of post-traumatic spinal injury. Potential diversion treatments include syringopleural (SPS), syringoperitoneal and syringosubarachnoid shunts. Short-term complications have been reported in the literature, however, long term complications are not well documented. This case report is of a 43-year-old woman found deceased in bed. She had a history of a traumatic spinal injury following a motor vehicle accident 15 years prior to death. This was complicated by a syringomyelia/syrinx requiring a SPS insertion. Post-mortem imaging and autopsy findings demonstrated a large right tension hydrothorax with dense fibrosis of the pleural surfaces, contralateral diffuse alveolar damage lung changes histologically and a patent SPS. Her cause of death was registered as "Right tension hydrothorax and diffuse alveolar damage complicating right syringopleural shunt and thoracic syrinx".</AbstractText | [
[
"22186848",
"Trigger factors for rupture of intracranial aneurysms in relation to patient and aneurysm characteristics.",
"Female gender, age above 60 years, and an aneurysm larger than 5 mm or location on the posterior circulation are associated with a higher rupture risk of intracranial aneurysms. W... | [
[
"39705858",
"A minor role for hemispheric specialization in determining pseudoneglect: A pre-registered replication-extension study.",
"Neurologically intact individuals display a mild asymmetry in spatial attention that can be measured during experimental spatial tasks such as line bisection. Althoug... |
39709140 | Safety and efficacy of GLP-1/FGF21 dual agonist HEC88473 in MASLD and T2DM: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. | Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) are key regulators of glucose and lipid metabolism. In the present study, we assessed the safety and efficacy of a novel GLP-1/FGF21 dual agonist HEC88473 for the treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).</AbstractText This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multiple-ascending-dose phase Ib/IIa trial. Sixty patients with MASLD and T2DM were randomized (10:2) to receive HEC88473 (5.1, 15.3, 30.6, 45.9, or 68.0 mg) or placebo via weekly subcutaneous injection for 5 weeks.</AbstractText After 5 weeks of treatment with HEC88473, MRI-proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) was reduced in a dose-proportional manner. The largest relative mean change reached -47.21% (p = 0.0143) in the 30.6 mg cohort, compared with -15.05% in the placebo group, with a higher proportion of >30% relative reductions in patients with baseline PDFF >8%. The 5-week treatment with HEC88473 significantly reduced levels of HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin), as well as fasting and postprandial glucose levels. The largest mean change in HbA1c was -1.10% in the 68.0 mg cohort, compared with -0.31% in the placebo group. Improvement was also observed in participants' lipid profiles. Most adverse events were mild to moderate in severity. The most frequently reported adverse events were gastrointestinal disorders (n = 29, 48.3%).</AbstractText Herein, we report the clinical safety and proof-of-concept data for the GLP-1/FGF21 dual agonist HEC88473. A 5-week treatment with HEC88473 was generally safe and well tolerated, with multiple positive effects observed, including reduced liver fat, and improved glycemic control, insulin resistance and lipid metabolism, together indicating comprehensive improvement in metabolic syndrome.</AbstractText In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase Ib/IIa study, we assessed clinical safety, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic data of the GLP-1/FGF21 dual agonist HEC88473 in patients with MASLD (metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease) and T2DM (type 2 diabetes mellitus). HEC88473 was generally safe and well tolerated. The GLP-1/FGF21 dual agonist significantly reduced the hepatic fat fraction assessed using MRI-proton density fat fraction, and improved glycemic control and lipid profiles with only 5 weeks' treatment, leading to comprehensive improvement in metabolic syndrome. The present results suggest that HEC88473 could be a promising treatment option in this patient population.</AbstractText Chinese Drug Trial Identifier (http://www.chinadrugtrials.org.cn/index.html): CTR20211088.</AbstractText GOV: NCT05943886.</AbstractText | [
[
"35842609",
"Utilization of T1-Mapping for the pelvic and thigh muscles in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: a quantitative biomarker for disease involvement and correlation with clinical assessments.",
"Little is known about the disease distribution and severity detected by T1-mapping in Duchenne muscular... | [
[
"40634289",
"Failure to resolve inflammation contributes to juvenile onset cardiac damage in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.",
"Absence of dystrophin protein causes cardiac dysfunction in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Unlike boys with DMD, the common mouse model of DMD... |
38958626 | How to Achieve Highly Professional Care in the Postoperative Ward: The Care of Infants and Toddlers. | The purpose of this study was to describe the experiences of critical care nurses (CCNs) and registered nurse anesthetists (RNAs) when monitoring and observing infants and toddlers recovering from anesthesia.</AbstractText A qualitative design with a critical incident approach.</AbstractText Semistructured individual interviews were conducted with a purposeful sample of CCNs and RNAs (n = 17) from postanesthesia care units at two hospitals. The critical incident technique approach was used to guide the interviews, and data were analyzed inductively using thematic analysis.</AbstractText The main finding was the CCNs' and RNAs' description of how they "watch over the children and stay close" to provide emotional and physical safety. CCNs' and RNAs' experiences of observing and managing the children's small, immature airways were reflected in the theme "using situation awareness of the small, immature airways." The theme "understanding emergence agitation" describes the challenge that arises when children are anxious, feel insecure, and have pain, and the theme "having parents nearby" shows the necessity and value of involving parents in their children's care.</AbstractText Findings from this study suggest that caring for infants and toddlers recovering from anesthesia requires experience and both technical and nontechnical skills. These are prerequisites for achieving readiness for planning, setting priorities, and adapting one's behavior if an adverse event occurs. Alertness and the ability to solve acute problems and make quick decisions are essential because of the risks associated with children's small, immature airways, as is the ability to understand and respond to emergence agitation. Having parents nearby is equally important for creating the conditions for compassionate child- and family-centered care.</AbstractText | [
[
"32498631",
"Relationships between sleep, exercise timing, and chronotype in young adults.",
"To examine the relationships between exercise timing, chronotype, sleep, and mood, college students (<i"
]
] | [
[
"40558907",
"Stress Distribution on Endodontically Treated Anterior Teeth Restored via Different Ceramic Materials with Varying Post Lengths Versus Endocrown-A 3D Finite Element Analysis.",
"This study aims to evaluate the stress distribution on endodontically treated anterior teeth restored using dif... |
40685869 | Analysis of ALPS-Index: Difference in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With or Without Mild Cognitive Impairment and Its Relationship With Hippocampal Microstructure. | Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with cognitive impairment has a high incidence rate globally, and there is a need to investigate the relationship among the glymphatic system, hippocampus microstructure, and cognition in T2DM. The present study aims to delineate changes in the perivascular space index (ALPS-index) among T2DM patients with different cognitive states and investigate any possible correlation between the ALPS-index and the diffusive indicators of the bilateral hippocampi in T2DM. In addition, we seek to identify specific cognitive domains with substantial correlation with the ALPS-index in the general population.</AbstractText A total of 113 participants were recruited, comprising 37 T2DM patients with normal cognitive function (DMNC), 39 T2DM patients with mild cognitive impairment (DMMCI), and 37 healthy controls (HC). Clinical information, neuropsychological assessments, and experienced multimodal magnetic resonance imaging scans were recorded from all the participants. A noninvasive method was applied to obtain all ALPS-index measures, such as the left, right, and average ALPS-index, along with diffusive indicators of the bilateral hippocampi, comprising fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD).</AbstractText A statistically marginal difference in the average ALPS-index was noted among HC, DMNC, and DMMCI groups. According to binary logistic regression analysis results, the average ALPS-index significantly altered the cognitive function in T2DM. Partial correlation analyses revealed a positive association between the average ALPS-index and FA, as well as a negative association with MD and RD in the bilateral hippocampi of the T2DM groups. In the general population, partial correlation analysis indicated that the average ALPS-index correlated with the auditory verbal learning test (AVLT) immediate recall scores.</AbstractText In summary, our findings demonstrated that glymphatic system function in the brain progressively deteriorates with worsening cognitive impairment among T2DM patients. Moreover, T2DM significantly disrupts the relationship patterns between the glymphatic system and bilateral hippocampal microstructure. Thus, the mean ALPS-index may act as a novel neuroimaging biomarker for assessing cognitive function in T2DM.</AbstractText | [
[
"36041852",
"Cortical Ripples during NREM Sleep and Waking in Humans.",
"Hippocampal ripples index the reconstruction of spatiotemporal neuronal firing patterns essential for the consolidation of memories in the cortex during non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM). Recently, cortical ripples in humans ha... | [
[
"40404790",
"Early life stress impairs hippocampal subfield myelination.",
"The hippocampus is an archicortical structure that is highly sensitive to experience and is made up of individual subfields. These subfields, crucial for learning and memory, rapidly develop and are vulnerable to early stress,... |
22028681 | The Relationship between Saccadic Choice and Reaction Times with Manipulations of Target Value. | Choosing the option with the highest expected value (EV; reward probability × reward magnitude) maximizes the intake of reward under conditions of uncertainty. However, human economic choices indicate that our value calculation has a subjective component whereby probability and reward magnitude are not linearly weighted. Using a similar economic framework, our goal was to characterize how subjective value influences the generation of simple motor actions. Specifically, we hypothesized that attributes of saccadic eye movements could provide insight into how rhesus monkeys, a well-studied animal model in cognitive neuroscience, subjectively value potential visual targets. In the first experiment, monkeys were free to choose by directing a saccade toward one of two simultaneously displayed targets, each of which had an uncertain outcome. In this task, choices were more likely to be allocated toward the higher valued target. In the second experiment, only one of the two possible targets appeared on each trial. In this task, saccadic reaction times (SRTs) decreased toward the higher valued target. Reward magnitude had a much stronger influence on both choices and SRTs than probability, whose effect was observed only when reward magnitude was similar for both targets. Across EV blocks, a strong relationship was observed between choice preferences and SRTs. However, choices tended to maximize at skewed values whereas SRTs varied more continuously. Lastly, SRTs were unchanged when all reward magnitudes were 1×, 1.5×, and 2× their normal amount, indicating that saccade preparation was influenced by the relative value of the targets rather than the absolute value of any single-target. We conclude that value is not only an important factor( )for deliberative decision making in primates, but also for the selection and preparation of simple motor actions, such as saccadic eye movements. More precisely, our results indicate that, under conditions of uncertainty, saccade choices and reaction times are influenced by the relative expected subjective value of potential movements.</AbstractText | [
[
"19321780",
"The neurobiology of reference-dependent value computation.",
"A key focus of current research in neuroeconomics concerns how the human brain computes value. Although, value has generally been viewed as an absolute measure (e.g., expected value, reward magnitude), much evidence suggests th... | [
[
"22254584",
"Graphic patterns of cortical functional connectivity of depressed patients on the basis of EEG measurements.",
"Considerable evidences have shown a decrease of neuronal activity in the left frontal lobe of depressed patients, but the underlying cortical network is still unclear. The prese... |
22609941 | Selective loss of AMPA receptors at corticothalamic synapses in the epileptic stargazer mouse. | Absence seizures are common in the stargazer mutant mouse. The mutation underlying the epileptic phenotype in stargazers is a defect in the gene encoding the normal expression of the protein stargazin. Stargazin is involved in the membrane trafficking and synaptic targeting of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs) at excitatory glutamatergic synapses. Thus, the genetic defect in the stargazer results in a loss of AMPARs and consequently, excitation at glutamatergic synapses. Absence seizures are known to arise in thalamocortical networks. In the present study we show for the first time, using Western blot analysis and quantitative immunogold cytochemistry, that in the epileptic stargazer mouse, there is a global loss of AMPAR protein in nucleus reticularis (RTN) and a selective loss of AMPARs at corticothalamic synapses in inhibitory neurons of the RTN thalamus. In contrast, there is no significant loss of AMPARs at corticothalamic synapses in excitatory relay neurons in the thalamic ventral posterior (VP) region. The findings of this study thus provide cellular and molecular evidence for a selective regional loss of synaptic AMPAR within the RTN that could account for the loss of function at these inhibitory neuron synapses, which has previously been reported from electrophysiological studies. The specific loss of AMPARs at RTN but not relay synapses in the thalamus of the stargazer, could contribute to the absence epilepsy phenotype by altering thalamocortical network oscillations. This is supported by recent evidence that loss of glutamate receptor subunit 4 (GluA4) (the predominant AMPAR-subtype in the thalamus), also leads to a specific reduction in strength in the cortico-RTN pathway and enhanced thalamocortical oscillations, in the Gria4(-/-) model of absence epilepsy. Thus further study of thalamic changes in these models could be important for future development of drugs targeted to absence epilepsy.</AbstractText | [
[
"22344687",
"T-type calcium channel blockers that attenuate thalamic burst firing and suppress absence seizures.",
"Absence seizures are a common seizure type in children with genetic generalized epilepsy and are characterized by a temporary loss of awareness, arrest of physical activity, and accompan... | [
[
"22447075",
"Genetically determined P2X7 receptor pore formation regulates variability in chronic pain sensitivity.",
"Chronic pain is highly variable between individuals, as is the response to analgesics. Although much of the variability in chronic pain and analgesic response is heritable, an underst... |
23986248 | Using IQ discrepancy scores to examine the neural correlates of specific cognitive abilities. | The underlying neural determinants of general intelligence have been studied intensively, and seem to derive from the anatomical and functional characteristics of a frontoparietal network. Little is known, however, about the underlying neural correlates of domain-specific cognitive abilities, the other factors hypothesized to explain individual performance on intelligence tests. Previous preliminary studies have suggested that spatially distinct neural structures do not support domain-specific cognitive abilities. To test whether differences between abilities that affect performance on verbal and performance tasks derive instead from the morphological features of a single anatomical network, we assessed in two independent samples of healthy human participants (N=83 and N=58; age range, 5-57 years) the correlation of cortical thickness with the magnitude of the verbal intelligence quotient (VIQ)-performance intelligence quotient (PIQ) discrepancy. We operationalized the VIQ-PIQ discrepancy by regressing VIQ onto PIQ (VIQ-regressed-on-PIQ score), and by regressing PIQ onto VIQ (PIQ-regressed-on-VIQ score). In both samples, a progressively thinner cortical mantle in anterior and posterior regions bilaterally was associated with progressively greater (more positive) VIQ-regressed-on-PIQ scores. A progressively thicker cortical mantle in anterior and posterior regions bilaterally was associated with progressively greater (more positive) PIQ-regressed-on-VIQ scores. Variation in cortical thickness in these regions accounted for a large portion of the overall variance in magnitude of the VIQ-PIQ discrepancy. The degree of hemispheric asymmetry in cortical thickness accounted for a much smaller but statistically significant portion of variance in VIQ-PIQ discrepancy.</AbstractText | [
[
"17204295",
"Neural correlates of processing facial identity based on features versus their spacing.",
"Adults' expertise in recognizing facial identity involves encoding subtle differences among faces in the shape of individual facial features (featural processing) and in the spacing among features (... | [
[
"23990221",
"Locomotor activity and anxiety status, but not spatial working memory, are affected in mice after brief exposure to cuprizone.",
"Chronic long-term exposure to cuprizone causes severe brain demyelination in mice, which leads to changes in locomotion, working memory and anxiety. These find... |
40620288 | The correlation between muscle strength, inhibitory function, and cognitive function in older adults with cognitive impairment: evidence from resting-state electroencephalography. | This study explored the associations among muscle strength, inhibitory control, and cognitive function in older adults with cognitive impairment, focusing on related EEG changes.</AbstractText Among 247 adults aged 70 and above, 120 with cognitive impairment were included. Assessments included the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Stroop task, grip strength, and resting-state EEG.</AbstractText Inhibitory control was significantly related to cognitive function: accuracy in congruent (r = 0.599, <i Muscle strength may support cognitive and inhibitory function by influencing specific EEG activities. These findings highlight the neurophysiological links among muscle strength, cognition, and brain activity, offering potential biomarkers for early detection and intervention in cognitive decline.</AbstractText | [
[
"11834781",
"Placebo and opioid analgesia-- imaging a shared neuronal network.",
"It has been suggested that placebo analgesia involves both higher order cognitive networks and endogenous opioid systems. The rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) and the brainstem are implicated in opioid analgesia,... | [
[
"40097941",
"Integrating parent report, observed behavior, and physiological measures to identify biomarkers of sensory over-responsivity in autism.",
"Sensory over-responsivity (SOR) is a heightened reaction to environmental stimuli commonly seen in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) which impacts daily ... |
34900214 | Role of the Dorsal Posterior Parietal Cortex in the Accurate Perception of Object Magnitude in Peripheral Vision. | Following superior parietal lobule and intraparietal sulcus (SPL-IPS) damage, optic ataxia patients underestimate the distance of objects in the ataxic visual field such that they produce hypometric pointing errors. The metrics of these pointing errors relative to visual target eccentricity fit the cortical magnification of central vision. The SPL-IPS would therefore implement an active "peripheral magnification" to match the real metrics of the environment for accurate action. We further hypothesized that this active compensation of the central magnification by the SPL-IPS contributes to actual object' size perception in peripheral vision. Three optic ataxia patients and 10 age-matched controls were assessed in comparing the thickness of two rectangles flashed simultaneously, one in central and another in peripheral vision. The bilateral optic ataxia patient exhibited exaggerated underestimation bias and uncertainty compared to the control group in both visual fields. The two unilateral optic ataxia patients exhibited a pathological asymmetry between visual fields: size perception performance was affected in their contralesional peripheral visual field compared to their healthy side. These results demonstrate that the SPL-IPS contributes to accurate size perception in peripheral vision.</AbstractText | [
[
"30692225",
"An Essential Role of the Intraparietal Sulcus in Response Inhibition Predicted by Parcellation-Based Network.",
"The posterior parietal cortex (PPC) features close anatomical and functional relationships with the prefrontal cortex. However, the necessity of the PPC in executive functions ... | [
[
"33995766",
"Use of geographic information systems web mapping application to support active case search to guide public health and social measures in the context of COVID-19 in Zimbabwe: a preliminary report to guide replication of methods in similar resource settings.",
"the new coronavirus (COVID-1... |
39280509 | Anti-recoverin Antibody-Associated Post-acute COVID Vaccination Syndrome After BNT162b2 in HLA-B27-Positive Spondylarthritis: A Case Report. | Retinopathy, small fiber neuropathy (SFN), and encephalopathy associated with recoverin antibodies have not been previously reported as side effects of BNT162b2 vaccination in a patient with HLA-B27-associated spondylarthritis. The patient is a 47-year-old male with a 10-year history of HLA-B27-associated spondylarthritis without recurrence, who developed acute and post-acute COVID vaccination syndrome (ACVS/PACVS) after the first dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine. The PACVS manifested as cerebral disease, eye disease, and SFN. Two years after the onset of the adverse effects, recurrent elevated recoverin antibodies were detected. Despite the administration of various treatments, most symptoms persisted for more than three years, and only a few interventions such as glucocorticoids, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, botulinum toxin, inuspheresis, and HELP (heparin-induced extracorporeal LDL precipitation) apheresis showed a transient beneficial effect. In conclusion, this case offers an example of a collection of symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination (SC2V) in a patient with a specific autoimmune disorder and positivity for anti-recoverin antibodies. These clinical manifestations may be triggered by an exaggerated immune response known as multisystemic inflammatory syndrome in adults to SC2V. Clinicians should report other similar cases to determine if a pattern exists.</AbstractText | [
[
"26733600",
"Migraine and its psychiatric comorbidities.",
"Migraine is a highly prevalent and disabling neurological disorder associated with a wide range of psychiatric comorbidities. In this manuscript, we provide an overview of the link between migraine and several comorbid psychiatric disorders, ... | [
[
"38195625",
"Multiple redox switches of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease in vitro provide opportunities for drug design.",
"Besides vaccines, the development of antiviral drugs targeting SARS-CoV-2 is critical for preventing future COVID outbreaks. The SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M<sup"
]
] |
37882887 | Associations between GRM7 polymorphisms and obesity in patients selected for sleeve gastrectomy. | Obesity is a worldwide problem in which genetic factors have a prominent role. We have selected two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within glutamate metabotropic receptor 7 (GRM7) gene, namely rs6782011 and rs779867 to weigh their association with obesity in an Iranian cohort. The distribution of rs6782011 alleles was significantly different in the obese patients from normal controls (P < 0.0001; 434 obese patients vs. 297 normal controls). Distribution of alleles was also measured between sex-based groups of obese patients and controls. We detected remarkable differences between female obese cases and female control subjects (P < 0.0001; 374 female obese cases vs. 216 female normal controls); nevertheless, the difference in allele distribution was not significant for male cases compared with corresponding normal controls (p = 0.47; 60 male patients vs. 81 normal males). Contrariwise, distribution of rs779867 alleles was not significantly different between total obese patients compared with normal controls (P = 0.21; 434 obese patients vs. 297 normal BMI controls). There was also no significant difference for female and male obese patients compared with female and male normal BMI controls. Thus, GRM7 can be considered as a risk locus for obesity.</AbstractText | [
[
"20143275",
"Differential sensitivity of A2A and especially D2 receptor trafficking to cocaine compared with lipid rafts in cotransfected CHO cell lines. Novel actions of cocaine independent of the DA transporter.",
"The effects of low and high concentrations of cocaine have been studied in vitro on t... | [
[
"36780364",
"Molding Helmet Therapy for Severe Deformational Brachycephaly: Position of Eurion and Therapeutic Effect.",
"Molding helmet therapy is used routinely for moderate to severe deformational plagiocephaly. However, there have been few reports of its use for deformational brachycephaly (DB). T... |
31019105 | Collateral blood flow measurement with intravoxel incoherent motion perfusion imaging in hyperacute brain stroke. | To determine if intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) magnetic resonance perfusion can measure the quality of the collateral blood flow in the penumbra in hyperacute stroke.</AbstractText A 6 b values IVIM MRI sequence was acquired in stroke patients with large vessel occlusion imaged <16 hours of last seen well. IVIM perfusion measures were evaluated in regions of interest drawn in the infarct core (D < 600 mm<sup A total of 34 patients were included. In the stroke core, IVIM f was significantly lower (4.6 ± 3.3%) compared to the healthy contralateral region (6.3 ± 2.2%, <i IVIM is a promising tool to assess the quality of the collateral blood flow in hyperacute stroke. IVIM penumbra perfusion lesion may be a marker of nonsalvageable tissue despite treatment with thrombectomy, suggesting that the IVIM penumbra perfusion lesion might be counted to the stroke core, together with the DWI lesion.</AbstractText | [
[
"35912523",
"Vascular topology and blood flow are acutely impacted by experimental febrile status epilepticus.",
"Febrile status epilepticus (FSE) is an important risk factor for temporal lobe epilepsy and early identification of those at high risk for epilepsy is vital. In a rat model of FSE, we iden... | [
[
"31790563",
"Association of Longitudinal β-Amyloid Accumulation Determined by Positron Emission Tomography With Clinical and Cognitive Decline in Adults With Probable Lewy Body Dementia.",
"In patients with probable dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), overlapping Alzheimer disease pathology is frequent a... |
38957962 | Ileus at Altitude. | Ebert-Santos, Christine, and Ana Campos. Ileus at altitude. <i | [
[
"30578016",
"Il-23/Th17 cell pathway: A promising target to alleviate thymic inflammation maintenance in myasthenia gravis.",
"IL-23/Th17 pathway has been identified to sustain inflammatory condition in several autoimmune diseases and therefore being targeted in various therapeutic and effective appro... | [
[
"37995745",
"Adolescent-Onset Epilepsy: Clinical Features and Predictive Factors for First-Year Seizure Freedom.",
"Teenagers with epilepsy require special attention to ensure a successful treatment journey. Our objective was to delineate the clinical characteristics of adolescent-onset epilepsy (AOE)... |
38580877 | Exploring variability in cognitive functioning in patients with spinal muscular atrophy: a scoping review. | The cognitive functioning of individuals with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is not well understood, prompting a call for more research to better grasp cognitive involvement in SMA. This study aims to explore recent findings regarding cognitive outcomes in SMA patients, including correlations between clinical features and cognitive abilities. The investigation seeks to identify commonly used measures for assessing cognitive function in this patient population. A scoping review following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology examined literature until December 2023. Two databases were searched along with relevant article references using specific terms such as "spinal muscular atrophy," "SMA," "cognitive," "abilities," "functions," "intellective," or "intellectual." Screening focused on titles and abstracts from English language peer-reviewed journals. After the initial research, 1452 articles were identified. Subsequent screening and selection led to the inclusion of 13 articles in the review. Among these studies, four indicated a cognitive trend within the normal range for SMA patients. In four other studies, the majority of patients fell within the normal range. However, smaller proportions were observed to be either above or below the norm compared to the controls. Three studies reported noted cognitive performance below the average, while two showed above-average scores. The scoping review suggests that most SMA patients have cognitive abilities similar to the general population, with types II and III showing even lesser impact. However, certain cognitive domains may be affected in type I patients, highlighting the need for further research to fully understand cognitive involvement in SMA.</AbstractText | [
[
"38664795",
"Dysregulation of innate immune signaling in animal models of spinal muscular atrophy.",
"Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a devastating neuromuscular disease caused by hypomorphic loss of function in the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. SMA presents across a broad spectrum of disease ... | [
[
"39289957",
"[Selection of inner ear fenestration strategy and surgical effect of patients with oval window atresia accompanied by facial nerve aberration].",
"<b <b"
]
] |
30203180 | The association between migraine and physical exercise. | There is an unmet need of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment options for migraine patients. Exercise can be used in the treatment of several pain conditions, including. However, what exact role exercise plays in migraine prevention is unclear. Here, we review the associations between physical exercise and migraine from an epidemiological, therapeutical and pathophysiological perspective.</AbstractText The review was based on a primary literature search on the PubMed using the search terms "migraine and exercise".</AbstractText Low levels of physical exercise and high frequency of migraine has been reported in several large population-based studies. In experimental studies exercise has been reported as a trigger factor for migraine as well as migraine prophylaxis. Possible mechanisms for how exercise may trigger migraine attacks, include acute release of neuropeptides such as calcitonin gene-related peptide or alternation of hypocretin or lactate metabolism. Mechanisms for migraine prevention by exercise may include increased beta-endorphin, endocannabinoid and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levers in plasma after exercise.</AbstractText In conclusion, it seems that although exercise can trigger migraine attacks, regular exercise may have prophylactic effect on migraine frequency. This is most likely due to an altered migraine triggering threshold in persons who exercise regularly. However, the frequency and intensity of exercise that is required is still an open question, which should be addressed in future studies to delineate an evidence-based exercise program to prevent migraine in sufferers.</AbstractText | [
[
"21423403",
"Microbial induction of immunity, inflammation, and cancer.",
"The human microbiota presents a highly active metabolic that influences the state of health of our gastrointestinal tracts as well as our susceptibility to disease. Although much of our initial microbiota is adopted from our mo... | [
[
"28990857",
"The role of regional heterogeneity in age-related differences in functional hemispheric asymmetry: an fMRI study.",
"Neuroimaging literature has documented age-related hemispheric asymmetry reduction in frontal regions during task performances. As most studies employed working memory para... |
31408691 | Prion disease and recommended procedures for flexible endoscope reprocessing - a review of policies worldwide and proposal for a simplified approach. | Several guidelines recommend specific treatments for endoscopes, procedures of quarantine for endoscopes, or additional treatments for the endoscope washer disinfector (EWD) in suspected or confirmed cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) or variant CJD (vCJD) but vary in many details. This study therefore reviewed guidelines on reprocessing flexible endoscopes after use in patients with suspected or confirmed prion disease. In addition, a literature search was performed in Medline on prion, CJD, vCJD, chemical inactivation, transmission healthcare, epidemiology healthcare, concentration tissue human and endoscope. Thus far, no case of CJD or vCJD transmitted by flexible endoscope has been reported. In animals it has been shown that oral uptake of 0.1-5 g of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)-infected brain homogenate is necessary for transmission. The maximum prion concentration in other tissues (e.g., terminal ileum) is at least 100-fold lower. Automated cleaning of endoscopes alone results in very low total residual protein ≤5.6 mg per duodenoscopes. Recommendations vary between countries, sometimes with additional cleaning, use of alkaline cleaners, no use of cleaners with fixative properties, use of disinfectants without fixative properties or single-use disinfectants. Sodium hydroxide (1 M) and sodium hypochlorite (10,000 and 25,000 mg/L) are very effective in preventing transmission via contaminated wires implanted into animal brains, but their relevance for endoscopes is questionable. Based on circumstantial evidence, it is proposed to consider validated reprocessing as appropriate in the case of delayed suspected prion disease when immediate bedside cleaning, routine use of alkaline cleaners, no fixative agents anywhere prior to disinfection and single use brushes and cleaning solutions can be assured.</AbstractText | [
[
"31088163",
"Speech network regional involvement in bulbar ALS: a multimodal structural MRI study.",
"<i"
]
] | [
[
"32243859",
"Stress Disrupts Human Hippocampal-Prefrontal Function during Prospective Spatial Navigation and Hinders Flexible Behavior.",
"The ability to anticipate and flexibly plan for the future is critical for achieving goal-directed outcomes. Extant data suggest that neural and cognitive stress m... |
22163987 | An innovations-based noise cancelling technique on inverse kepstrum whitening filter and adaptive FIR filter in beamforming structure. | This paper presents an acoustic noise cancelling technique using an inverse kepstrum system as an innovations-based whitening application for an adaptive finite impulse response (FIR) filter in beamforming structure. The inverse kepstrum method uses an innovations-whitened form from one acoustic path transfer function between a reference microphone sensor and a noise source so that the rear-end reference signal will then be a whitened sequence to a cascaded adaptive FIR filter in the beamforming structure. By using an inverse kepstrum filter as a whitening filter with the use of a delay filter, the cascaded adaptive FIR filter estimates only the numerator of the polynomial part from the ratio of overall combined transfer functions. The test results have shown that the adaptive FIR filter is more effective in beamforming structure than an adaptive noise cancelling (ANC) structure in terms of signal distortion in the desired signal and noise reduction in noise with nonminimum phase components. In addition, the inverse kepstrum method shows almost the same convergence level in estimate of noise statistics with the use of a smaller amount of adaptive FIR filter weights than the kepstrum method, hence it could provide better computational simplicity in processing. Furthermore, the rear-end inverse kepstrum method in beamforming structure has shown less signal distortion in the desired signal than the front-end kepstrum method and the front-end inverse kepstrum method in beamforming structure.</AbstractText | [
[
"11077208",
"Effects of masker frequency and duration in forward masking: further evidence for the influence of peripheral nonlinearity.",
"Forward masking has often been thought of in terms of neural adaptation, with nonlinearities in the growth and decay of forward masking being accounted for by the... | [
[
"20652766",
"Juguloarterial endothelin-1 gradients after severe traumatic brain injury.",
"Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent vasoconstrictor and is thought to be responsible for secondary ischemia and vasogenic edema after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Both CSF and plasma concentrations have been shown ... |
36149680 | Development of a Manual for Disaster Medical Support Using Korean Medicine for Disaster Survivors. | <b | [
[
"23895939",
"White matter in aphasia: a historical review of the Dejerines' studies.",
"The Objective was to describe the contributions of Joseph Jules Dejerine and his wife Augusta Dejerine-Klumpke to our understanding of cerebral association fiber tracts and language processing. The Dejerines (and n... | [
[
"37833406",
"A cytoskeleton-membrane interaction conserved in fast-spiking neurons controls movement, emotion, and memory.",
"The pathogenesis of schizophrenia is believed to involve combined dysfunctions of many proteins including microtubule-associated protein 6 (MAP6) and Kv3.1 voltage-gated K<sup"... |
40772555 | Depression Polygenicity and Disease Activity and Disability Worsening in Multiple Sclerosis. | A better understanding of factors associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) disease activity and disability is needed. Given the strong link between comorbid depression and MS disease activity and disability, we aimed to determine whether the depression genetic burden, as modelled using its polygenic score, is associated with MS disease activity and disability worsening.</AbstractText In this cohort study, we used samples from neurologist-defined adult people with MS (PwMS) followed in clinical care or during a clinical trial from existing cohorts: Canada, the United States (US), and Sweden with extensive longitudinal phenotypes. We computed the depression polygenic score (PGS) and tested its association with annualized relapse rate and worsening disability. In the US cohort, we additionally explored the time to relapse, number of enhancing lesions, and confirmed Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) worsening during the study period.</AbstractText We included 3,420 relapsing-onset PwMS of European genetic ancestry with a median follow-up of 3 to 5 years. Meta-analyses revealed for each 1-standard deviation increase in the depression PGS, the relapse rate increased (incidence rate ratio: 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01-1.50). In the US cohort, higher depression PGS was associated with protocol-defined relapses (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.03-2.43), and time to confirmed EDSS worsening (HR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.03-2.22) with this effect largely direct.</AbstractText Meta-analyses showed a higher depression genetic burden was associated with increased MS disease activity. In the US clinical trial cohort only, we found a significant association between higher depression PGS and time to relapse and confirmed EDSS worsening. These findings may provide insights into MS disease activity and disability worsening. ANN NEUROL 2025.</AbstractText | [
[
"38383156",
"Incidence and determinants of seizures in multiple sclerosis: a meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials.",
"Seizures are reported to be more prevalent in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) compared with the general population. Existing data predominantly originate from populatio... | [
[
"39946538",
"Hidden complexity of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor desensitization revealed by MD simulations and Markov state modeling.",
"The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is a pentameric ligand-gated ion channel that plays an important role in neuronal signaling throughout the nervou... |
17901391 | Evidence against a perihemorrhagic penumbra provided by perfusion computed tomography. | Several recent studies analyzing perfusion changes in acute intracerebral hemorrhage fed the debate whether there is secondary ischemic tissue damage in the vicinity of intracerebral hemorrhage. We used perfusion CT to address this question.</AbstractText We examined 36 patients between 2001 and 2002 with acute intracerebral hemorrhage (within 24 hours after symptom onset). A subgroup of 8 patients was examined serially on day 1, between days 2 and 4, and after day 5. Nonenhanced CT images and maps of cerebral blood flow, cerebral blood volume, and time to peak were evaluated by region of interest analysis.</AbstractText In comparison to the contralateral hemisphere, perfusion values were clearly reduced around the hematoma (relative values: cerebral blood flow 0.51, cerebral blood volume 0.62, time to peak 1.7 seconds). There was no difference in size between the area of reduced perfusion and the area of edema (5.17 versus 5.75 cm(2), respectively) surrounding the hematoma. At time point 2, the edema grew significantly.</AbstractText In accordance with previous studies, we found reduced perfusion as well as edema surrounding acute intracerebral hemorrhage. Regarding ischemic tissue damage, we did not detect an initial mismatch between the perfusion deficit and the edema and therefore could not identify any tissue at risk of ischemia. We therefore interpret the reduced perfusion as a secondary phenomenon, ie, reduced oxygen demand of tissue damaged by pressure and clot components, not as the cause of any tissue damage associated with acute intracerebral hemorrhage.</AbstractText | [
[
"18055222",
"Accurate prediction of V1 location from cortical folds in a surface coordinate system.",
"Previous studies demonstrated substantial variability of the location of primary visual cortex (V1) in stereotaxic coordinates when linear volume-based registration is used to match volumetric image ... | [
[
"26382174",
"Influence of Amyloid-β on Cognitive Decline After Stroke/Transient Ischemic Attack: Three-Year Longitudinal Study.",
"We hypothesized that comorbid amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition played a key role in long-term cognitive decline in subjects with stroke/transient ischemic attack.</Abstr... |
33794840 | Validation and investigation of cross cultural equivalence of the Fremantle back awareness questionnaire - German version (FreBAQ-G). | Disrupted self-perception of the low back might contribute to chronic non-specific low back pain. The Fremantle back awareness questionnaire is a simple questionnaire to assess back specific self-perception. The questionnaire has recently been translated to German (FreBAQ-G). The aim was to further investigate the psychometric properties of the FreBAQ-G, to evaluate its cross cultural validity in patients with chronic non-specific LBP and to explore potential relationships between body perception, pain, disability and back pain beliefs.</AbstractText In this cross-sectional multicentre study, sample data were merged with data from the validation sample of the original English version to examine cross-cultural validity. Item Response Theory was used to explore psychometric properties and differential item function (DIF) to evaluate cross-cultural validity and item invariance. Correlations and multiple linear regression analyses were used to explore the relationship between altered back specific self- perception and back pain parameters.</AbstractText Two hundred seventy-two people with chronic low back pain completed the questionnaires. The FreBAQ-G showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.84), good overall reliability (r = 0.84) and weak to moderate scalability (Loevinger Hj between 0.34 and 0.48). The questionnaire showed unidimensional properties with factor loadings between 0.57 and 0.80 and at least moderate correlations (r > 0.35) with pain intensity, pain related disability and fear avoidance beliefs (FABQ total - and subscores). Item and test properties of the FreBAQ-G are given. Only item 7 showed uniform DIF indicating acceptable cross-cultural validity.</AbstractText Our results indicate that the FreBAQ-G is a suitable questionnaire to measure back specific self-perception, and has comparable properties to the English-language version.</AbstractText | [
[
"32928886",
"Parallel Processing of Facial Expression and Head Orientation in the Macaque Brain.",
"When we move the features of our face, or turn our head, we communicate changes in our internal state to the people around us. How this information is encoded and used by an observer's brain is poorly u... | [
[
"34082217",
"Differential patterns of dynamic functional connectivity variability in major depressive disorder treated with cognitive behavioral therapy.",
"Numerous studies have shown that major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by a range of impairments in emotional and cognitive functions ... |
33194616 | Impact of Positioning Errors on the Dosimetry of Breath-Hold-Based Volumetric Arc Modulated and Tangential Field-in-Field Left-Sided Breast Treatments. | Heart diseases and cardiovascular events are well-known side effects in left-sided breast irradiation. Deep inspiration breath hold (BH) combined with fast delivery techniques such as volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) or tangential field-in-field (TFiF) can serve as a valuable solution to reduce the dose to the heart. This study aims to compare the impact of positioning errors in VMAT and TFiF plans for BH left-sided breast treatments. Fifteen left-sided breast patients treated in BH with TFiF technique were included in this retrospective study. For each patient, a second plan with VMAT technique was optimized. Eighteen setup variations were introduced in each of these VMAT and TFiF reference plans, shifting the isocenter along six different directions by 3, 5, and 10 mm. A total of 540 perturbed plans, 270 for each technique, were recalculated and analyzed. The dose distributions on the target and organs at risk obtained in the different perturbed scenarios were compared with the reference scenarios, using as dosimetric endpoints the dose-volume histograms (DVH). The results were compared using the Wilcoxon test. Comparable plan quality was obtained for the reference VMAT and TFiF plans, except for low doses to organs at risk for which higher values (p < 0.05) were obtained for VMAT plans. For TFiF plans, perturbations of the isocenter position of 3, 5, or 10 mm produced mean deviations of the target DVH dosimetric parameters up to -0.5, -1.0, and -5.2%, respectively; VMAT plans were more sensitive to positioning errors resulting in mean deviations up to -0.5, -4.9, and -13.9%, respectively, for the same magnitude of the above mentioned perturbations. For organs at risk, only perturbations along the left, posterior, and inferior directions resulted in dose increase with a maximum deviation of +2% in the DVH dosimetric parameters. A notable exception were low doses to the left lung and heart for 10 mm isocenter shifts for which the mean differences ranged between +2.7 and +4.1%. Objective information on how external stresses affect the dosimetry of the treatment is the first step towards personalized radiotherapy.</AbstractText | [
[
"26795695",
"Characterization of 3D geometric distortion of magnetic resonance imaging scanners commissioned for radiation therapy planning.",
"To develop a method for the assessment and characterization of 3D geometric distortion as part of routine quality assurance for MRI scanners commissioned for ... | [
[
"31713622",
"New developments on the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) data portal.",
"The Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) is an ongoing collaborative research project aimed at identifying all the functional elements in the human and mouse genomes. Data generated by the ENCODE consortium are... |
39790816 | GFR Estimation and Correlation for Oncology Patients by Two Methods, Gates Method and Dual Time Point Plasma Sampling Method. | With the increasing number of oncology cases and a parallel surge in chemotherapeutic drugs for treatment, the treating physicians conducts nephrotoxicity evaluation to provide a personalized dosing strategy. Of the various tests available, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) under gamma camera with help of Gates method has gained importance, being a good index of overall kidney functions. In addition to this, there has been an alternate and old method for GFR estimation: plasma sampling. We at our Institution conducted both the methods for better evaluation of GFR in cancer patient management.</AbstractText Comparison of Gates' camera based GFR based on kidney depth correction using Tonessen's method and CT based manual depth calculation with dual time point plasma sampling in cancer patients.</AbstractText A retrospective study wherein patients' database were evaluated over a period of four months after approval from our Institutional Review Board. Thirty patients were included in the study. GFR was evaluated by two methods: Gates camera based and dual time plasma sampling method. Statistical analysis was done to help evaluate a correlation coefficient between the methods (Gates' method with and without CT based manual depth correction and dual time point plasma sampling).</AbstractText Our study showed moderate correlation between Gates' camera based GFR and dual time plasma sampling method.</AbstractText One need to understand the limitation of each method and see if the renal depth corrections can be done with the help of CT or lateral images of NM for near accurate GFR and in case of selecting dual plasma sampling, errors to be minimized in pipetting and sample counting. Hence, it will be better to use both the methods for coming to a conclusion.</AbstractText | [
[
"34928300",
"Association of Antenatal Diet and Physical Activity-Based Interventions With Gestational Weight Gain and Pregnancy Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.",
"Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) is common and associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Antenatal lifestyle inte... | [
[
"38844342",
"Cerebral Gray Matter May Not Explain Sleep Slow-Wave Characteristics after Severe Brain Injury.",
"Sleep slow waves are the hallmark of deeper non-rapid eye movement sleep. It is generally assumed that gray matter properties predict slow-wave density, morphology, and spectral power in hea... |
25536499 | (S)-citalopram influences amygdala modulation in healthy subjects: a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind fMRI study using dynamic causal modeling. | Citalopram and Escitalopram are gold standard pharmaceutical treatment options for affective, anxiety, and other psychiatric disorders. However, their neurophysiologic function on cortico-limbic circuits is incompletely characterized. Here we studied the neuropharmacological influence of Citalopram and Escitalopram on cortico-limbic regulatory processes by assessing the effective connectivity between orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and amygdala using dynamic causal modeling (DCM) applied to functional MRI data. We investigated a cohort of 15 healthy subjects in a randomized, crossover, double-blind design after 10days of Escitalopram (10mg/d (S)-citalopram), Citalopram (10mg/d (S)-citalopram and 10mg/d (R)-citalopram), or placebo. Subjects performed an emotional face discrimination task, while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning at 3 Tesla. As hypothesized, the OFC, in the context of the emotional face discrimination task, exhibited a down-regulatory effect on amygdala activation. This modulatory effect was significantly increased by (S)-citalopram, but not (R)-citalopram. For the first time, this study shows that (1) the differential effects of the two enantiomers (S)- and (R)-citalopram on cortico-limbic connections can be demonstrated by modeling effective connectivity methods, and (2) one of their mechanisms can be linked to an increased inhibition of amygdala activation by the orbitofrontal cortex.</AbstractText | [
[
"16680688",
"BOLD contrast sensitivity enhancement and artifact reduction with multiecho EPI: parallel-acquired inhomogeneity-desensitized fMRI.",
"Functional MRI (fMRI) generally employs gradient-echo echo-planar imaging (GE-EPI) to measure blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal changes that resu... | [
[
"26286206",
"Use of perampanel in one case of super-refractory hypoxic myoclonic status: Case report.",
"Proper treatment of hypoxic myoclonic status is not clearly determined. Induced hypothermia is improving prognosis and a more aggressive treatment might be beneficial in some patients. Among the ne... |
24834409 | Tools for cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. | In less than fifteen years, as a non-invasive imaging option, cardiovascular MR has grown from a being a mere curiosity to becoming a widely used clinical tool for evaluating cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) is now routinely used to study myocardial structure, cardiac function, macro vascular blood flow, myocardial perfusion, and myocardial viability. For someone entering the field of cardiac MR, this rapid pace of development in the field of CMRI might make it difficult to identify a cohesive starting point. In this brief review, we have attempted to summarize the key cardiovascular imaging techniques that have found widespread clinical acceptance. In particular, we describe the essential cardiac and respiratory gating techniques that form the backbone of all cardiovascular imaging methods. It is followed by four sections that discuss: (I) the gradient echo techniques that are used to assess ventricular function; (II) black-blood turbo spin echo (SE) methods used for morphologic assessment of the heart; (III) phase-contrast based techniques for the assessment of blood flow; and (IV) CMR methods for the assessment of myocardial ischemia and viability. In each section, we briefly summarize technical considerations relevant to the clinical use of these techniques, followed by practical information for its clinical implementation. In each of those four areas, CMRI is considered either as the benchmark imaging modality against which the diagnostic performance of other imaging modalities are compared against, or provides a complementary capability to existing imaging techniques. We have deliberately avoided including cutting-edge CMR imaging techniques practiced at few academic centers, and restricted our discussion to methods that are widely used and are likely to be available in a clinical setting. Our hope is that this review would propel an interested reader toward more comprehensive reviews in the literature.</AbstractText | [
[
"1523332",
"Minimum scan speeds for suppression of motion artifacts in CT.",
"Cardiac and ventilatory motions cause artifacts at chest computed tomography (CT). To determine how short the scan times on third-generation units must be to avoid such artifacts, motion was measured with fast and ultrafast ... | [
[
"24741031",
"Seeing scenes: topographic visual hallucinations evoked by direct electrical stimulation of the parahippocampal place area.",
"In recent years, functional neuroimaging has disclosed a network of cortical areas in the basal temporal lobe that selectively respond to visual scenes, including... |
38165551 | Reducing pediatric total-body PET/CT imaging scan time with multimodal artificial intelligence technology. | This study aims to decrease the scan time and enhance image quality in pediatric total-body PET imaging by utilizing multimodal artificial intelligence techniques.</AbstractText A total of 270 pediatric patients who underwent total-body PET/CT scans with a uEXPLORER at the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center were retrospectively enrolled. <sup Multimodal artificial intelligence techniques can significantly improve PET image quality. When fused with prior CT information, the anatomical information of the images was enhanced, and 60 s of scan data produced images of quality comparable to that of the full-time data.</AbstractText Multimodal artificial intelligence techniques can effectively improve the quality of pediatric total-body PET/CT images acquired using ultrashort scan times. This has the potential to decrease the use of sedation, enhance guardian confidence, and reduce the probability of motion artifacts.</AbstractText | [
[
"33545580",
"Optical brain imaging and its application to neurofeedback.",
"Besides passive recording of brain electric or magnetic activity, also non-ionizing electromagnetic or optical radiation can be used for real-time brain imaging. Here, changes in the radiation's absorption or scattering allow ... | [
[
"39061402",
"Creatine Kinase and Respiratory Decline in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.",
"Respiratory dysfunction is an important hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Elevation of creatine kinase (CK) has been reported in 23-75% of ALS patients, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown... |
40016658 | Effects of multisystem exercises on balance, postural stability, mobility, walking speed, and pain in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a randomized controlled trial. | Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), a common complication of diabetes mellitus, is associated with peripheral nerve damage, leading to balance impairments, postural instability, and reduced mobility. Addressing these challenges requires comprehensive interventions that target multiple deficits simultaneously. Evidence suggests that exercise programs combining balance, proprioception, strength, and reaction time training can improve postural stability, enhance mobility, and alleviate pain in individuals with DPN.</AbstractText The objective of this study was to compare the effects of multisystem exercises and conventional exercises on balance, postural stability, mobility, and walking speed and to reduce pain in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy.</AbstractText This double-blinded, two-arm parallel design randomized controlled trial was conducted at DHQ Hospital, Pakpattan, Pakistan. A total of 50 participants who met the inclusion criteria were recruited using the nonprobability convenience sampling technique. They were randomly assigned to either a multisystem physical exercise (MPE) group (n = 26) and a conventional exercise group (n = 24). The MPE program included balance, proprioception, strength, and reaction time training, while the control group received conventional exercises, consisted of strength, balance, stretching, and range of motion exercises. Both groups underwent 30 min intervention sessions, 3 times per week, for 8 weeks. The outcome measures used for assessing the balance, postural stability, mobility, and pain included the Berg balance scale (BBS), functional reach test (FRT), time up and go test (TUG), 10 min walk test (10-MWT), and numeric pain rating scale (NPRS). The data was analyzed using SPSS version 26.</AbstractText Significant group and time interactions were observed for all outcome measures including BBS, FRT, TUG, 10-MWT, and NPRS (p < 0.001). The between-group analysis also revealed significant differences between the multisystem physical exercise group and the conventional exercise group at both the 4th week and 8th week for BBS, FRT, TUG, 10-MWT, and NPRS (p < 0.05).</AbstractText The study concluded that multisystem exercises resulted in significant improvement in balance, postural stability, mobility, and walking speed, along with reduction in pain, compared to conventional exercises in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy.</AbstractText This randomized controlled study was registered prospectively on November 11th, 2023 with the ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06130917).</AbstractText | [
[
"29430561",
"The CGRP receptor antagonist BIBN4096 inhibits prolonged meningeal afferent activation evoked by brief local K(+) stimulation but not cortical spreading depression-induced afferent sensitization.",
"Cortical spreading depression (CSD) is believed to promote migraine headache by enhancing ... | [
[
"40618797",
"Preparation, characterization, and functional properties of zein/gallic acid/sodium alginate ternary composite nanoparticles for enhancing stability and bioaccessibility of phytosterols.",
"Phytosterols, a class of phytochemicals exhibiting limited aqueous solubility and low oil solubilit... |
40720222 | How Solvation Structures Define the Cryoprotection Efficiency of Ethylene Glycol. | Understanding the molecular mechanisms of cryopreservation is crucial for optimizing antifreeze formulations. In this study, we investigate the hydrogen bond (HB) configurations of aqueous ethylene glycol (EG) solutions using a combined approach of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Our results reveal that EG progressively integrates into the HB network, modifying the structural organization of water across different concentrations. At low EG content, water maintains its percolating HB-network, while at intermediate concentrations (X<sub | [
[
"38482933",
"Varying the degree of oxidation of graphite: effect of oxidation time and oxidant mass.",
"In this work, we employ a fast and less toxic modified Hummers' method to develop graphene oxide (GO) with varying degrees of oxidation and investigate the effect of the latter on the structure and ... | [
[
"40655172",
"Addiction Education in the Undergraduate Space: A Novel Course Connecting Neurobiology of Addiction and Compassion for Individuals with Substance Use Disorder.",
"Substance use disorder (SUD) is a chronic, relapsing disease with medical, psychological, and social complications. Sufficient... |
20633659 | Cognitive levels of performance account for hemispheric lateralisation effects in dyslexic and normally reading children. | Recent theories of developmental dyslexia explain reading deficits in terms of deficient phonological awareness, attention, visual and auditory processing, or automaticity. Since dyslexia has a neurobiological basis, the question arises how the reader's proficiency in these cognitive variables affects the brain regions involved in visual word recognition. This question was addressed in two fMRI experiments with 19 normally reading children (Experiment 1) and 19 children with dyslexia (Experiment 2). First, reading-specific brain activation was assessed by contrasting the BOLD signal for reading aloud words vs. overtly naming pictures of real objects. Next, ANCOVAs with brain activation during reading the individuals' scores for all five cognitive variables assessed outside the scanner as covariates were performed. Whereas the normal readers' brain activation during reading showed co-variation effects predominantly in the right hemisphere, the reverse pattern was observed for the dyslexics. In particular, middle frontal gyrus, inferior parietal cortex, and precuneus showed contralateral effects for controls as compared to dyslexics. In line with earlier findings in the literature, these data hint at a global change in hemispheric asymmetry during cognitive processing in dyslexic readers, which, in turn, might affect reading proficiency.</AbstractText | [
[
"11163606",
"Unilateral vibrotactile stimulation induces emotional biases in cognition and performance.",
"We administered 24 min of unilateral vibrotactile stimulation to the left or right ventral forearm of experimental participants. A separate control group did not receive stimulation but completed... | [
[
"27751941",
"Sources and implications of whole-brain fMRI signals in humans.",
"Whole-brain fMRI signals are a subject of intense interest: variance in the global fMRI signal (the spatial mean of all signals in the brain) indexes subject arousal, and psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia and au... |
38415151 | Myelin water quantification in multiple sclerosis using short repetition time adiabatic inversion recovery prepared-fast spin echo (STAIR-FSE) imaging. | Myelin water imaging (MWI) is a myelin-specific technique, which has great potential for the assessment of demyelination and remyelination. This study develops a new MWI method, which employs a short repetition time adiabatic inversion recovery (STAIR) technique in combination with a commonly used fast spin echo (FSE) sequence and provides quantification of myelin water (MW) fractions.</AbstractText Whole-brain MWI was performed using the short repetition time adiabatic inversion recovery prepared-fast spin echo (STAIR-FSE) technique on eight healthy volunteers (mean age: 38±14 years, four-males) and seven patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) (mean age: 53.7±8.7 years, two-males) on a 3T clinical magnetic resonance imaging scanner. To facilitate the quantification of apparent myelin water fraction (aMWF), a proton density-weighted FSE was also used during the scans to allow total water imaging. The aMWF measurements of MS lesions and normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) regions in MS patients were compared with those measured in normal white matter (NWM) regions in healthy volunteers. Both the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and paired comparison were performed for the comparison.</AbstractText The MW in the whole-brain was selectively imaged and quantified using the STAIR-FSE technique in all participants. MS lesions showed much lower signal intensities than NAWM in the STAIR-FSE images. ANOVA analysis revealed a significant difference in the aMWF measurements between the three groups. Moreover, the aMWF measurements in MS lesions were significantly lower than those in both NWM of healthy volunteers and NAWM of MS patients. Lower aMWF measurements in NAWM were also found in comparison with those in NWM.</AbstractText The STAIR-FSE technique is capable of measuring aMWF values for the indirect detection of myelin loss in MS, thus facilitating clinical translation of whole brain MWI and quantification, which show great potential for the detection and evaluation of changes in myelin in the brain of patients with MS for future larger cohort studies.</AbstractText | [
[
"29908362",
"Magnetic Resonance vs Transient Elastography Analysis of Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Pooled Analysis of Individual Participants.",
"Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) and transient elastography (TE) are noninvasive techniques for detection of... | [
[
"37918767",
"A powerful metric for expressive language lateralization in MEG.",
"Magnetoencephalography (MEG) has proven valuable for presurgical language lateralization. Investigators have established that low-beta (13-23 Hz) event-related desynchrony (ERD), a neuromagnetic signature for increas... |
38819648 | Haptic and visuo-haptic impairments for object recognition in children with autism spectrum disorder: focus on the sensory and multisensory processing dysfunctions. | Dysfunctions in sensory processing are widely described in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), although little is known about the developmental course and the impact of these difficulties on the learning processes during the preschool and school ages of ASD children. Specifically, as regards the interplay between visual and haptic information in ASD during developmental age, knowledge is very scarce and controversial. In this study, we investigated unimodal (visual and haptic) and cross-modal (visuo-haptic) processing skills aimed at object recognition through a behavioural paradigm already used in children with typical development (TD), with cerebral palsy and with peripheral visual impairments. Thirty-five children with ASD (age range: 5-11 years) and thirty-five age-matched and gender-matched typically developing peers were recruited. The procedure required participants to perform an object-recognition task relying on only the visual modality (black-and-white photographs), only the haptic modality (manipulation of real objects) and visuo-haptic transfer of these two types of information. Results are consistent with the idea that visuo-haptic transfer may be significantly worse in ASD children than in TD peers, leading to significant impairment in multisensory interactions for object recognition facilitation. Furthermore, ASD children tended to show a specific deficit in haptic information processing, while a similar trend of maturation of visual modality between the two groups is reported. This study adds to the current literature by suggesting that ASD differences in multisensory processes also regard visuo-haptic abilities necessary to identify and recognise objects of daily life.</AbstractText | [
[
"16768363",
"Electrophysiological evidence of the capture of visual attention.",
"We investigated the ability of salient yet task-irrelevant stimuli to capture attention in two visual search experiments. Participants were presented with circular search arrays that contained a highly salient distractor... | [
[
"38386744",
"The macroevolutionary singularity of snakes.",
"Snakes and lizards (Squamata) represent a third of terrestrial vertebrates and exhibit spectacular innovations in locomotion, feeding, and sensory processing. However, the evolutionary drivers of this radiation remain poorly known. We infer ... |
27608601 | Elucidating the neural correlates of related false memories using a systematic measure of perceptual relatedness. | Previous memory research has exploited the perceptual similarities between lures and targets in order to evoke false memories. Nevertheless, while some studies have attempted to use lures that are objectively more similar than others, no study has systematically controlled for perceptual overlap between target and lure items and its role in accounting for false alarm rates or the neural processes underlying such perceptual false memories. The current study looked to fill this gap in the literature by using a face-morphing program to systematically control for the amount of perceptual overlap between lures and targets. Our results converge with previous studies in finding a pattern of differences between true and false memories. Most importantly, expanding upon this work, parametric analyses showed false memory activity increases with respect to the similarity between lures and targets within bilateral middle temporal gyri and right medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Moreover, this pattern of activation was unique to false memories and could not be accounted for by relatedness alone. Connectivity analyses further find that activity in the mPFC and left middle temporal gyrus co-vary, suggestive of gist-based monitoring within the context of false memories. Interestingly, neither the MTL nor the fusiform face area exhibited modulation as a function of target-lure relatedness. Overall, these results provide insight into the processes underlying false memories and further enhance our understanding of the role perceptual similarity plays in supporting false memories.</AbstractText | [
[
"15772354",
"The roles of the caudate nucleus in human classification learning.",
"The caudate nucleus is commonly active when learning relationships between stimuli and responses or categories. Previous research has not differentiated between the contributions to learning in the caudate and its contr... | [
[
"28147273",
"miR-182 Regulates Slit2-Mediated Axon Guidance by Modulating the Local Translation of a Specific mRNA.",
"During brain wiring, cue-induced axon behaviors such as directional steering and branching are aided by localized mRNA translation. Different guidance cues elicit translation of subse... |
40086873 | Feedback scales the spatial tuning of cortical responses during both visual working memory and long-term memory. | Perception, working memory, and long-term memory each evoke neural responses in visual cortex. While previous neuroimaging research on the role of visual cortex in memory has largely emphasized similarities between perception and memory, we hypothesized that responses in visual cortex would differ depending on the origins of the inputs. Using fMRI, we quantified spatial tuning in visual cortex while participants (both sexes) viewed, maintained in working memory, or retrieved from long-term memory a peripheral target. In each condition, BOLD responses were spatially tuned and aligned with the target's polar angle in all measured visual field maps including V1. As expected given the increasing sizes of receptive fields, polar angle tuning during perception increased in width up the visual hierarchy from V1 to V2, V3, hV4, and beyond. In stark contrast, the tuned responses were broad across the visual hierarchy during long-term memory (replicating a prior result) and during working memory. This pattern is consistent with the idea that mnemonic responses in V1 stem from top-down sources, even when the stimulus was recently viewed and is held in working memory. Moreover, in long-term memory, trial-to-trial biases in these tuned responses (clockwise or counterclockwise of target), predicted matched biases in memory, suggesting that the reinstated cortical responses influence memory guided behavior. We conclude that feedback widens spatial tuning in visual cortex during memory, where earlier visual maps inherit broader tuning from later maps thereby impacting the precision of memory.<b | [
[
"16672292",
"Plasticity in the human central nervous system.",
"Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a well-characterized form of synaptic plasticity that fulfils many of the criteria for a neural correlate of memory. LTP has been studied in a variety of animal models and, in rodents in particular, there i... | [
[
"39716006",
"Isolating Synaptic Vesicles from Neurospheres for Proteomics.",
"This chapter presents an optimized method for isolating synaptic vesicles (SVs) from neurospheres derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). The protocol begins with neurosphere cultivation to achieve mature... |
15556023 | Conflict monitoring and anterior cingulate cortex: an update. | One hypothesis concerning the human dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is that it functions, in part, to signal the occurrence of conflicts in information processing, thereby triggering compensatory adjustments in cognitive control. Since this idea was first proposed, a great deal of relevant empirical evidence has accrued. This evidence has largely corroborated the conflict-monitoring hypothesis, and some very recent work has provided striking new support for the theory. At the same time, other findings have posed specific challenges, especially concerning the way the theory addresses the processing of errors. Recent research has also begun to shed light on the larger function of the ACC, suggesting some new possibilities concerning how conflict monitoring might fit into the cingulate's overall role in cognition and action.</AbstractText | [
[
"16635578",
"Divide and conquer: a defense of functional localizers.",
"Numerous functionally distinct regions of cortex (e.g., V1, MT, the fusiform face area) can be easily identified in any normal human subject in just a few minutes of fMRI scanning. However, the locations of these regions vary acro... | [
[
"15082137",
"Ethosuximide reverses paclitaxel- and vincristine-induced painful peripheral neuropathy.",
"Paclitaxel (Taxol) is one of the most effective and frequently used chemotherapeutics for the treatment of solid tumours. However, paclitaxel produces peripheral neurotoxicity with patients reporti... |
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