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130 Cedar Street |
130 Cedar Street, formerly known as the Green Exchange Building, is a mid-rise building in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan, New York City. It is located between Cedar Street and Albany Street running along Washington Street, sharing a block with 90 West Street. It was built in 1931 and was designed by Renwick, Aspinwall & Guard.[1] |
History |
A supermarket opened at 130 Cedar Street in 1999.[2] |
When the South Tower of the World Trade Center collapsed on September 11, 2001, 130 Cedar Street was completely ravaged. Hundreds of tons of fiery debris rained down onto the building. The top of the building's northeast corner completely collapsed under the debris. A column section from the tower penetrated the 10th floor roof slab. The projectile impacts also lit fires, which occurred primarily above the 9th floor. Fire damage was evident on the 11th and 12th floors in the northwest corner. The Amish Market on the ground floor was completely destroyed and burned, later relocating further uptown.[1] The World Trade Farmers Market was closed completely.[3] Several concrete columns were cracked, possibly from the impact. Several bays at the northeast corner were severely damaged by debris.[1][4] |
After the attacks, the building was uninhabitable and lost all of its tenants. Several human remains were found in 2002.[4] |
Like many buildings in the area, 130 Cedar Street had to be thoroughly decontaminated after the damage it sustained during the September 11 attacks.[5] |
In 2004, it was announced that the office building would be transformed into a hotel.[5][6] After many years of revitalization, the building was finally reopened as a Club Quarters hotel. During the restoration process, seven new floors built in a more modern style were added, making the building 19 stories tall.[7][8] |
References |
40°42′35″N 74°00′50″W / 40.709798°N 74.013925°W / 40.709798; -74.013925 |
This article about a building or structure in Manhattan is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
140 New Montgomery |
140 New Montgomery Street is a 26-floor Art Deco mixed-use office tower located in San Francisco's South of Market district, close to the St. Regis Museum Tower and the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art.[2] Constructed in 1925 as a modern headquarters for The Pacific Telephone & Telegraph Co., it was originally known as The Pacific Telephone & Telegraph Company Building or simply the Telephone Building,[2][1] and, after 1984, as The Pacific Bell Building or The PacBell Building.[citation needed] |
When it opened on May 30, 1925, The Pacific Telephone Building was San Francisco's first significant skyscraper development, and was the tallest building in San Francisco, until the Russ Building matched its height in 1927 at the time of its completion.[2][11][12] The building was the first high-rise south of Market Street, and along with the Russ Building, remained the city's tallest until it was overtaken by 650 California Street in 1964. It was the first high rise located on the west coast to be occupied solely by a single tenant.[12] |
AT&T sold the building in 2007. As of 2013, Internet company Yelp was the main tenant.[14][15] Yelp moved out in 2021 following a rise in remote work during the COVID-19 pandemic. |
History |
The building was designed to consolidate numerous smaller buildings and outdated offices into a modern headquarters for The Pacific Telephone & Telegraph Co., and as a result, was designated as the Pacific Telephone & Telegraph Co. Coast Division Offices by the company, though referred to colloquially as The Telephone Building.[16][11] |
The building's architecture was influenced by Eliel Saarinen's Tribune Tower design, in particular regarding the setbacks on the higher floors.[1] |
In reference to the Bell System - which The Pacific Telephone & Telegraph Co. was a member of at the time of construction - the façade featured bell motifs in many locations, most notably surrounding the arch over the main entrance doors on New Montgomery Street. The decorations near the base and in the lobby also include references to the candlestick telephone and the pneumatic tube, some of the most modern communication technologies in use at the time.[1] After the breakup of the Bell System (AT&T) in 1984,[17] and the formation the Regional Bell Operating Companies, also known as the Baby Bells, Pacific Telephone changed its name to Pacific Bell. |
Statues of eight eagles (each 13 feet (4.0 m) in height) perch atop the tower's crown.[18][19] The building has an L—shaped floor plan, and the architecture decoratively incorporates spotlights to show the exterior's terra cotta ornamentation day and night.[16] |
In 1929, Sir Winston Churchill visited the building and made his first transatlantic telephone call, phoning his London home.[20][21][8] |
For 44 years until 1978, the top of the roof was used to convey official storm warnings to sailors at the direction of the United States National Weather Service, in the form of a 25 feet (7.6 metres) long triangular red flag by day, and a red light at night.[8] |
The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake did only minor damage to the building, affecting parts of the terracotta cladding and requiring the eight eagle sculptures to be replaced with fiberglass replicas.[1] |
In the 21st century |
In 2006, AT&T moved out of the building, following its merger with SBC Communications.[1] In 2007, the PacBell Building was sold by AT&T to Stockbridge Capital Group and Wilson Meany Sullivan for US$118 million.[22] In 2008, the new owners filed plans to convert the tower into 118 luxury condominiums. However, those plans were put on hold during the 2008 financial crisis, and the building sat empty for nearly six years.[23] |
Following a surge in office demand in 2010–2011, Wilson Meany Sullivan changed the plans back to office space.[23] Major renovation work began in February 2012, to improve the building's seismic performance, install all–new mechanical, electric, plumbing and fire sprinkler systems, and preserve and restore the building's historic lobby, at an estimated cost of US$80–100 million.[24] In 2012, Yelp announced it had signed a lease on the building's 100,000 square feet (9,300 m2) of office space through 2020.[25] After two expansions, the company held a total of almost 150,000 square feet (14,000 m2) on 13 floors in the fall 2015.[14] |
In April 2016, Pembroke Real Estate Inc., a Boston–based REIT, acquired 140 New Montgomery as part of its portfolio — its second acquisition in San Francisco.[6][26][27][28] According to property records, Pembroke paid US$284 million for the property, at around US$962 per square foot.[27][28] |
In 2021, Yelp did not renew its 2011 lease, and instead subleased a smaller space at nearby 350 Mission Street, due to the rise of remote work in the COVID-19 pandemic.[29] As of May 2023, during what the San Francisco Chronicle described as "Downtown San Francisco['s] worst office vacancy crisis on record," the building had a vacancy rate of 32.9%.[30] |
See also |
External links |
References |
1411 Fourth Avenue Building |
The 1411 Fourth Avenue Building is a historic building in Seattle, Washington, that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 28, 1991 (ID #91000633). The 15-story plus basement Art Deco structure is located at the Northwest corner of Fourth Avenue and Union Street. The main entrance is located at 1411 Fourth Avenue. |
The building was built in 1928 for the Stimson Realty Company under the direction of the Metropolitan Building Company for $1.1 million by Teufel & Carlson, contractors. Robert C. Reamer was the architect. The building was fully constructed within seven months in 1928, setting a record for a building of its size.[2] |
From 1997 to 2012 the ground floor housed Tully's Coffee flagship store on the corner of Fourth Avenue and Union Street.[3] The store was among those closed following Tully's bankruptcy protection filing.[4] |
In 2016, it was sold to the Onni Group for $29.6 million.[5] |
References |
External links |
14 Wall Street |
14 Wall Street, originally the Bankers Trust Company Building, is a skyscraper at the intersection of Wall Street and Nassau Street in the Financial District of Manhattan in New York City. The building is 540 feet (160 m) tall, with 32 usable floors.[b] The original 540-foot tower is at the southeastern corner of the site, and a shorter annex wraps around the original tower. |
The original tower was erected on the site of the Stevens Building at 12–14 Wall Street and the Gillender Building at 16 Wall Street. It was built in 1910–1912 and was designed by Trowbridge & Livingston in the neoclassical style as the headquarters for Bankers Trust. A 25-story addition with Art Deco detailing, designed by Shreve, Lamb & Harmon, was constructed in 1931–1933 to replace three other structures. After new buildings for Bankers Trust were erected in 1962 and 1974, the company moved employees away from 14 Wall Street, and eventually sold the building in 1987. |
14 Wall Street's tower incorporates a seven-story pyramidal roof inspired by the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus. The interior of the building contained numerous amenities that were considered state-of-the-art at the time of its construction; the first three floors were used as Bankers Trust's headquarters, while the rest were rented to tenants. A notable building in Manhattan's skyline in the early 20th century, the building was featured prominently in Bankers Trust's early imagery. The building was designated a New York City landmark in 1997. It is also a contributing property to the Wall Street Historic District, a National Register of Historic Places district created in 2007. |
Site |
14 Wall Street is in the Financial District of Manhattan, bounded by Nassau Street to the east, Wall Street to the south, and Pine Street to the north.[5] The lot has dimensions of 160 feet (49 m) on Wall Street, 173 feet (53 m) on Nassau Street, and 178 feet (54 m) on Pine Street.[6] The lot has a total area of 32,947 square feet (3,060.9 m2).[7] Nearby buildings include the Equitable Building to the north, Federal Hall National Memorial (formerly the sub-Treasury building) at 26 Wall Street to the east, 23 Wall Street to the southeast, the New York Stock Exchange Building to the south, 1 Wall Street to the southwest, and 100 Broadway to the west.[5][8] An entrance to the Broad Street station of the New York City Subway, serving the J and Z trains, is directly to the southeast.[9] |
The original building is located at the southeast corner of the site, which was previously occupied by the Stevens and Gillender buildings. In 1880, the Sampson family developed their lots along 12–14 Wall Street into the Stevens Building, which stood until 1910.[10] Sixteen years later, Helen L. Gillender Asinari, owner of the adjoining six-story office building on the northeast corner of Wall and Nassau Streets, decided to replace it with the 300-foot-tall (91 m), 20-story Gillender Building,[11] which was completed in 1897 and demolished in 1910.[12] The two lots, combined, had a nearly square footprint measuring about 100 by 100 feet (30 by 30 m).[12][c] |
The annex occupies the remainder of the plot and is L-shaped in plan.[15] Prior to the construction of the annex, the land below it was occupied by three buildings.[16] The seven-story Astor Building was located at 10–12 Wall Street, directly to the west of the original tower.[17][18] The Hanover National Building at 5–11 Nassau Street, erected in 1903,[19] was a 21-story building north of the original Bankers Trust Building, which extended to Pine Street.[16] The final building on the lot was 7 Pine Street, a 10-story building to the northwest of the original tower.[20] |
Architecture |
14 Wall Street is approximately 540 feet (160 m) tall, with 32 usable above-ground floors[b] and a seven-story pyramidal roof at its top, which contains seven storage levels.[2][21][12] In addition, 14 Wall Street contains four basement levels; the topmost basement is partially raised above ground level.[24] The original structure was designed by Trowbridge & Livingston for Bankers Trust and was built between 1910 and 1912.[25][14][26] An addition to the north and west was designed by Shreve, Lamb & Harmon and constructed between 1931 and 1933.[15][27] This addition is about 325 feet (99 m) tall.[18] |
14 Wall Street's "granite-clad roof and its specifically Greek architectural motifs", as described by architectural writer Sarah Landau, which were a departure from earlier designs.[14][28] The architects wrote that the style had been chosen for its "simplicity and grace, as well as its supreme dignity and seriousness", which fit both the site and the building's use.[21] Inspirations include the Erechtheion, the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, and "ancient Macedonian prototypes".[29] |
Form |
The original structure is a 39-story tower without any setbacks, composed of 32 stories topped by a seven-story roof.[30] The concept behind the original structure's design was to place a pyramidal roof, similar to that of the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, on top of a tower like Venice's St Mark's Campanile bell tower.[14][31] Trowbridge wanted to enhance "the beauty of the upper part of building by a loggia and a stone pyramid, in place of the usual flat or mansard roof."[14][32] This was one of the first times a pyramidal roof had been used in a skyscraper (after only the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower);[33] previous tall structures had been capped by a cupola, spire, or tempietto.[34] |
The rest of the building is surrounded by a 25-story annex, which wraps around the western and northern sides of the original tower.[15][35] The Wall Street side has setbacks at the 15th, 22nd, and 25th floors and the Nassau Street side has a setback at the 23rd floor. The Pine Street side has a light court above the 11th story, which cuts through the center of that side.[30] |
Facade |
Original building |
The facade is clad with 8,000 short tons (7,100 long tons; 7,300 t) of New England granite from several quarries.[36][37][38] The original tower is arranged into four sections: a base of 5 stories, a midsection of 21 stories, a top section of 6 stories (including the 32nd-story penthouse), and the roof.[6] The base was originally four stories,[26] but the present third floor was added in the 1931–1933 renovation.[6] On each side are five window bays, each of which contain two windows per floor. The design of each side is largely identical, except that the western facade's midsection is made of brick rather than granite.[15] The windows originally had wood frames covered with metal.[39] |
Because 14 Wall Street was surrounded on all sides by other skyscrapers, thereby limiting visibility of the lower section, the lower floors were designed with intricate detail.[14] The upper basement and the first floor were arranged as a stylobate that supported a colonnade above it.[14][40] The basement facade is smooth, while the first-floor facade consists of rusticated blocks. An entrance porch, with the address 16 Wall Street, faces the Wall Street side. A colonnade above it spans the second through fourth floors.[30] The colonnade consists of Greek fluted columns, molded belt courses, and moldings and was "almost Puritanical in its simplicity".[38] The facade of the lower stories was rearranged slightly when the current third story was created, with new spandrel panels being added to separate the double-height windows that formerly spanned the double-height second story.[15] The fifth story is the topmost story of the base and has a deep cornice at the top.[41][42][30] The cornice contains motifs of lions' heads and rosettes.[26][41] |
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