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JoanneJegou
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STEM_for_SFT

prompt stringlengths 50 851	golden_truth_text stringlengths 1 153	golden_truth_letter stringclasses 5 values
What kind of reasoning involves formulating generalizations inferred from careful observation and the analysis of a large amount of data? A) skepticism B) inductive C) deductive D) reflexive	deductive	C
What causes acid rain? A) chemicals in waterways B) heavy pollution C) air pollution D) carbon dioxide	air pollution	C
What is the main component of phytoplankton? A) seawater B) algae C) sponge D) coral	algae	B
What is manufactured and added to foods to preserve freshness? A) protein B) vitamin c C) carbohydrates D) trans fat	trans fat	D
All living organisms must have what ability, in order to make more organisms like themselves? A) variation B) absorption C) cloning D) reproduction	reproduction	D
In the cardiovascular system, net filtration pressure represents the interaction of osmotic pressures and what other pressures? A) hydrostatic B) uptake C) hydrophilic D) homeostatic	hydrostatic	A
What are composed of a phosphate group, a sugar, and one of five different nitrogenous bases. A) nucleotides B) prokaryotes C) cytotypes D) carotenoids	nucleotides	A
What is lowered when salts go into ion form? A) power B) resistance C) charge D) voltage	resistance	B
What term is used to describe the total spread of values in a sample? A) axis B) range C) scale D) variety	range	B
What kind of mutations are produced by nucleotide-pair insertions or deletions? A) cloned B) frameshift C) framing D) shifty	frameshift	B
Fe for iron and pb for lead are examples of elements known since ancient times, which have symbols based on their name in what language? A) spanish B) latin C) italian D) arabic	latin	B
What are the two types of fatty acids? A) saturated and unsaturated B) hydrochloric and carboxylic C) saturated and biodegradable D) saturated and endogenous	saturated and unsaturated	A
In naming ternary compounds, which type of particle is stated first? A) molecule B) anion C) cation D) subatomic	cation	C
Which human body system is a complex network of nervous tissue that carries electrical messages throughout the body? A) the bacterial system B) the lymph system C) the localized system D) the nervous system	the nervous system	D
Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus but instead generally have a single chromosome, a piece of double-stranded dna located in an area of the cell called the what? A) nucleoid B) spicule C) cytoplasm D) lysosome	nucleoid	A
Wings of bats and birds serve the same function. which body part should you study to understand ancestral differences? A) skin and feathers B) skull size C) bones inside wings D) skin inside wings	bones inside wings	C
Who lack some of the defining traits of chordates? A) Adult Mammals B) Reptiles C) adult humans D) Childern	adult humans	C
The spinal cord develops, cells making up the wall of the neural tube proliferate and differentiate into what? A) muscles and glia B) membrane and glia C) neurons and glia D) jelly and glia	neurons and glia	C
Dissolved fertilizer can ultimately lead to the creation of what in lakes or coastal oceans, which means a place where nothing can live? A) hydrothermal vent B) deceased zone C) dead zone D) extinction zone	dead zone	C
There are several types of wetlands including marshes, swamps, bogs, mudflats, and salt marshes. the three shared characteristics among these types—what makes them wetlands—are their hydrology, hydrophytic vegetation, and this? A) niya soils B) hydric soils C) stibnite soils D) sandy soils	hydric soils	B
Sometimes two or more distinct phenotypes can each have their advantages and be selected for by natural selection; this is known as what? A) diversifying selection B) multiplying selection C) shedding selection D) extra selection	diversifying selection	A
What two planets is the asteroid belt found between? A) mars and jupiter B) Mars and Earth C) Jupiter and Earth D) Jupiter and Saturn	mars and jupiter	A
What is it called when two waves in the same medium pass one another? A) interference B) synchrony C) accumulation D) frequency	interference	A
Noble gases are monatomic because they only contain one of what? A) charges B) ions C) atoms D) molecules	atoms	C
What fills the epidermal cells that make up fingernails and toenails? A) chromatin B) amino acids C) keratin D) cellulose	keratin	C
What are the 2 primary hosts of ebola in central africa? A) apes and hippos B) apes and bats C) hyenas and apes D) lions and elephants	apes and bats	B
Most reptiles lay what kind of eggs? A) hard-shelled B) umbilical C) amniotic D) roe	amniotic	C
About how full is the outer energy level in metalloids? A) half full B) a quarter full C) three-fourth full D) nearly empty	half full	A
Which bone is derived from the fusion of four very small coccygeal vertebrae? A) femur B) coccyx C) clavicle D) cranium	coccyx	B
Because collisions are ______, energy can be transferred between molecules during them. A) inelastic B) conductive C) elastic D) preservative	elastic	C
What property of fluids causes something to stay on or near the surface of water? A) strength B) density C) weight D) buoyancy	buoyancy	D
What are seeds plants that produce naked seeds in cones called? A) angiosperms B) cytoplasm C) lipids D) gymnosperms	gymnosperms	D
What is the force that causes objects to fall down to the ground? A) velocity B) gravity C) pull D) motion	gravity	B
A man made lake is known as what? A) Pond B) Lagoon C) resevoirs D) Lake	resevoirs	C
What type of cells make up tumors? A) cancer cells B) boyle cells C) white blood cells D) consumption cells	cancer cells	A
Different interatomic distances produce different lattice what? A) energies B) surfaces C) qualities D) weights	energies	A
Where do skeletal muscles usually attach? A) end of bones B) to cartilage C) to dendrites D) to the spine	end of bones	A
People with red hair usually have what type of skin? A) oily B) light C) dry D) dark	light	B
Which mineral do native americans use to decorate items? A) Tanzanite B) turquoise C) Topaz D) Amethyst	turquoise	B
Kinetic energy of moving particles of matter, measured by their temperatures are known as: A) thermal energy B) atmospheric energy C) visible energy D) solar energy	thermal energy	A
Metabolism produces waste energy in the form of heat, which helps what type of animal conserve and maintain heat at a relatively constant body temperature? A) amphibian B) cold-blooded (ectotherm) C) warm-blooded (endotherm) D) lizard	warm-blooded (endotherm)	C
Natural selection cannot create new variations in organisms - these new variations must be created by what, which are usually associated with some sort of abnormality? A) pollution B) infection C) mutation D) radiation	mutation	C
The carbon atoms are bonded together, with each carbon also being bonded to two of what kind of atoms? A) helium B) hydrogen C) calcium D) ions	hydrogen	B
What is the second most common type of cancer in both men and women? A) breast B) heart C) lung D) skin	lung	C
What processes involve a transfer of electrons between the wire and the solution? A) thermal B) magnetic C) radioactive D) electrochemical	electrochemical	D
Bronchial tubes in the lungs branch into ever-smaller structures, finally ending in alveoli. the alveoli act like what? A) bellows B) tiny bubbles C) springs D) filters	tiny bubbles	B
What is one problem with current methods of aluminum production? A) environmental contaminants B) competition C) food shortages D) recycling is cheap	environmental contaminants	A
The most abundant formed elements in blood, erythrocytes are red, biconcave disks packed with an oxygen-carrying compound called this? A) plasma B) pus C) hemoglobin D) hydrogen	hemoglobin	C
What type of bonds contain atoms that possess either a partial positive or a partial negative charge? A) geologic bonds B) polar bonds C) hot bonds D) ionic bonds	polar bonds	B
What is the distance north or south of the equator called? A) latitude B) circumference C) elevation D) longitude	latitude	A
Viruses were assumed to exist before they were first seen with an electron microscope in which decade? A) 1930 ' s B) 1960's C) 1940's D) 1890's	1930 ' s	A
A diploid cell contains two sets of what? A) atoms B) ribosomes C) neutrons D) chromosomes	chromosomes	D
Which part of the axon has a higher membrane potential? A) biofilm hillock B) canals hillock C) muscular hillock D) axon hillock	axon hillock	D
How many types of leptons are there? A) twelve B) two C) nine D) six	six	D
The conducting zone of the respiratory system includes the organs and structures not directly involved in what? A) copper exchange B) gold exchange C) helium exchange D) gas exchange	gas exchange	D
What type of radio waves exist in the 540 to 1600 khz frequency range? A) sound waves B) am radio waves C) fm radio waves D) microwaves	am radio waves	B
What organs secrete hormones that help maintain homeostasis? A) the kidneys B) the digestion organs C) the lungs D) the gonads	the kidneys	A
What occurs when light reflects off a very smooth surface and forms a clear image? A) absorption B) regular reflection C) refraction D) projection	regular reflection	B
Where does mechanical digestion begin? A) mouth B) brain C) intestines D) stomach	mouth	A
What type of waste is likely to explode? A) liquid waste B) solid waste C) mesh waste D) explosive waste	explosive waste	D
The thalamus acts as a gateway to and from what? A) medulla oblongata B) pons C) spine D) cortex	cortex	D
Light-weight air-filled bones and a large four-chambered heart helps a bird do what? A) fly B) run C) digest D) swim	fly	A
What are elements that generally do not conduct electricity? A) iron B) copper C) nonmetals D) metal	nonmetals	C
The voltages generated at a power plant are stepped up by what passive devices, which then reduce voltage to a safe level at the point of use? A) transformers B) transistors C) batteries D) capacitors	transformers	A
Which property changes when a glass breaks? A) State B) its physical property C) density D) Chemical	its physical property	B
What are the two types of vascular tissues found in vascular plants? A) cytoplasm and chloroplasm B) ectoderm and phloem C) xylem and phloem D) xylem and chloroplasm	xylem and phloem	C
What do you call a type of mixture that has the same composition throughout? A) transition B) solution C) transfusion D) structure	solution	B
Planes fly in what layer of the atmosphere because there is less friction and turbulence? A) crust B) stratosphere C) mesosphere D) ozone layer	stratosphere	B
What are structures that have a common function and suggest common ancestry? A) analogous structures B) homologous structures C) monogamous structures D) reversible structures	homologous structures	B
What type of response do signal transductions within target cells bring about? A) physiological B) psychological C) resporatory D) bacterial	physiological	A
Jellyfish belong to which phylum? A) mycobacteria B) porifera C) analidae D) cnidaria	cnidaria	D
The most important characteristic of extant amphibians is a moist, permeable skin used for this? A) cutaneous respiration B) benign respiration C) avian respiration D) simple respiration	cutaneous respiration	A
What occur when elements switch places in compounds? A) chemical reaction B) chain reaction C) replacement reactions D) chemical interaction	replacement reactions	C
Transition metals are superior conductors of heat as well as what else? A) cold B) radiation C) light D) electricity	electricity	D
A flow of one coulomb per second is called one ampere, which is a measure of what? A) electric current B) Direct current C) powered current D) performance current	electric current	A
Mount kilimanjaro has ________ climates at the top and bottom? A) dangerous B) similar C) different D) rainy	different	C
The common cold and flu are examples of human diseases caused by what tiny particles? A) infections B) parasites C) bacteria D) viruses	viruses	D
Cells in green algae divide along cell plates called what? A) xanthophylls B) cellulose C) phragmoplasts D) chloroplasts	phragmoplasts	C
What is the center of an earthquake called? A) the magnitude B) the impact C) the epicenter D) the core	the epicenter	C
A wall of rocks or concrete that juts out into the ocean perpendicular to the shore is called? A) fault B) groin C) rib D) shield	groin	B
The process of making a polymer is called what? A) memorization B) reaction C) fermentation D) polymerization	polymerization	D
What scientific word, which gives its name to a type of rock, means "to change form"? A) evaporation B) igneous C) evolution D) metamorphism	metamorphism	D
How many processes contribute to the emergence of viral diseases? A) three B) one C) two D) four	three	A
What type of mutations cannot be passed on to offspring? A) symbiotic mutations B) functional mutations C) somatic mutations D) instructional mutations	somatic mutations	C
In an experiment, what is the affected variable called? A) control variable B) dependent variable C) form variable D) independent variable	dependent variable	B
What type of mammals are humans? A) marsupial mammals B) somatic mammals C) respiratory mammals D) placental mammals	placental mammals	D
The electrolysis of what substance produces hydrogen and oxygen gases A) water B) hydrocarbon C) cholesterol D) carbon dioxide	water	A
What is the function of chloroplasts that are found in plant and algal cells? A) spermatogenesis B) photosynthesis C) glycolysis D) mitosis	photosynthesis	B
What crust is thinner and denser than continental crust? A) oceanic B) land C) asteroid D) coastal	oceanic	A
How many types of mechanical waves are there? A) one B) three C) five D) nine	three	B
What are plants that grow where people don't want them to and can take up space and use resources which hinders growth of more desirable plants? A) grasses B) native plants C) weeds D) shrubs	weeds	C
Which disease causes cells to divide out of control A) arthritis B) cancer C) mutation D) autoimmune diseases	cancer	B
Autocrine signaling takes place within the same what? A) proteins B) tissue type C) cell D) organ	cell	C
When the nucleus divides, the two chromatids that make up each chromosome separate from each other and move to opposite poles of the cell during this process? A) cytokinesis B) mitosis C) meiosis D) spawning	mitosis	B
In the past, what colliding with planet earth has caused many organisms to die off? A) the Sun B) acid rain C) meteorites D) asteroids	asteroids	D
The term science comes from a latin word that means? A) only knowledge B) having information C) were knowledge D) having knowledge	having knowledge	D
What do angiosperms produce? A) needles B) scales C) leaves D) flowers and fruit	flowers and fruit	D
What do aquatic arthropods use to exchange gases with the water? A) pores B) gills C) nostrils D) lungs	gills	B
What are the nonliving matter that living things need called? A) acids B) nutrients C) elements D) fluids	nutrients	B
Air is said to reach what point, a term used by meteorologists, when humidity increases or temperature decreases? A) freezing point B) bubble point C) its dew point D) its dip point	its dew point	C

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Repository for the EPFL-CS-552 (Modern Natural Language Processing) Project: Post-training Qwen3-1.7B in the General Knowledge domain. • 19 items • Updated Jun 10