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2502.11913
PreAdaptFWI: Pretrained-Based Adaptive Residual Learning for Full-Waveform Inversion Without Dataset Dependency
physics.geo-ph cs.LG
Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is a method that utilizes seismic data to invert the physical parameters of subsurface media by minimizing the difference between simulated and observed waveforms. Due to its ill-posed nature, FWI is susceptible to getting trapped in local minima. Consequently, various research efforts h...
2502.11915
On the robustness of ChatGPT in teaching Korean Mathematics
cs.AI math.HO
ChatGPT, an Artificial Intelligence model, has the potential to revolutionize education. However, its effectiveness in solving non-English questions remains uncertain. This study evaluates ChatGPT's robustness using 586 Korean mathematics questions. ChatGPT achieves 66.72% accuracy, correctly answering 391 out of 586...
2502.11916
EssayJudge: A Multi-Granular Benchmark for Assessing Automated Essay Scoring Capabilities of Multimodal Large Language Models
cs.CL cs.AI
Automated Essay Scoring (AES) plays a crucial role in educational assessment by providing scalable and consistent evaluations of writing tasks. However, traditional AES systems face three major challenges: (1) reliance on handcrafted features that limit generalizability, (2) difficulty in capturing fine-grained trait...
2502.11918
VLP: Vision-Language Preference Learning for Embodied Manipulation
cs.LG cs.RO
Reward engineering is one of the key challenges in Reinforcement Learning (RL). Preference-based RL effectively addresses this issue by learning from human feedback. However, it is both time-consuming and expensive to collect human preference labels. In this paper, we propose a novel \textbf{V}ision-\textbf{L}anguage...
2502.11919
From Text to Trust: Empowering AI-assisted Decision Making with Adaptive LLM-powered Analysis
cs.HC cs.CL
AI-assisted decision making becomes increasingly prevalent, yet individuals often fail to utilize AI-based decision aids appropriately especially when the AI explanations are absent, potentially as they do not %understand reflect on AI's decision recommendations critically. Large language models (LLMs), with their ex...
2502.11921
Joint Evaluation of Fairness and Relevance in Recommender Systems with Pareto Frontier
cs.IR
Fairness and relevance are two important aspects of recommender systems (RSs). Typically, they are evaluated either (i) separately by individual measures of fairness and relevance, or (ii) jointly using a single measure that accounts for fairness with respect to relevance. However, approach (i) often does not provide...
2502.11925
GRAPHGPT-O: Synergistic Multimodal Comprehension and Generation on Graphs
cs.AI cs.CV cs.LG
The rapid development of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has enabled the integration of multiple modalities, including texts and images, within the large language model (LLM) framework. However, texts and images are usually interconnected, forming a multimodal attributed graph (MMAG). It is underexplored how...
2502.11926
BRIGHTER: BRIdging the Gap in Human-Annotated Textual Emotion Recognition Datasets for 28 Languages
cs.CL
People worldwide use language in subtle and complex ways to express emotions. While emotion recognition -- an umbrella term for several NLP tasks -- significantly impacts different applications in NLP and other fields, most work in the area is focused on high-resource languages. Therefore, this has led to major dispa...
2502.11927
Continual Learning Should Move Beyond Incremental Classification
cs.LG
Continual learning (CL) is the sub-field of machine learning concerned with accumulating knowledge in dynamic environments. So far, CL research has mainly focused on incremental classification tasks, where models learn to classify new categories while retaining knowledge of previously learned ones. Here, we argue tha...
2502.11932
On Representational Dissociation of Language and Arithmetic in Large Language Models
cs.CL
The association between language and (non-linguistic) thinking ability in humans has long been debated, and recently, neuroscientific evidence of brain activity patterns has been considered. Such a scientific context naturally raises an interdisciplinary question -- what about such a language-thought dissociation in ...
2502.11937
FitLight: Federated Imitation Learning for Plug-and-Play Autonomous Traffic Signal Control
cs.LG cs.AI
Although Reinforcement Learning (RL)-based Traffic Signal Control (TSC) methods have been extensively studied, their practical applications still raise some serious issues such as high learning cost and poor generalizability. This is because the ``trial-and-error'' training style makes RL agents extremely dependent o...
2502.11938
QoS based resource management for concurrent operation using MCTS
eess.SP cs.SY eess.SY
Modern AESA technology enables RF systems to not only perform various radar, communication and electronic warfare tasks on a single aperture, but even to execute multiple tasks concurrently. These capabilities increase system complexity and require intelligent or cognitive resource management. This paper introduces s...
2502.11940
The Dynamic Model of the UR10 Robot and its ROS2 Integration
cs.RO
This paper presents the full dynamic model of the UR10 industrial robot. A triple-stage identification approach is adopted to estimate the manipulator's dynamic coefficients. First, linear parameters are computed using a standard linear regression algorithm. Subsequently, nonlinear friction parameters are estimated a...
2502.11941
Deep Spatio-Temporal Neural Network for Air Quality Reanalysis
cs.LG cs.AI
Air quality prediction is key to mitigating health impacts and guiding decisions, yet existing models tend to focus on temporal trends while overlooking spatial generalization. We propose AQ-Net, a spatiotemporal reanalysis model for both observed and unobserved stations in the near future. AQ-Net utilizes the LSTM a...
2502.11942
Sharp-PINNs: staggered hard-constrained physics-informed neural networks for phase field modelling of corrosion
cs.LG physics.comp-ph
Physics-informed neural networks have shown significant potential in solving partial differential equations (PDEs) across diverse scientific fields. However, their performance often deteriorates when addressing PDEs with intricate and strongly coupled solutions. In this work, we present a novel Sharp-PINN framework t...
2502.11946
Step-Audio: Unified Understanding and Generation in Intelligent Speech Interaction
cs.CL cs.AI cs.HC cs.SD eess.AS
Real-time speech interaction, serving as a fundamental interface for human-machine collaboration, holds immense potential. However, current open-source models face limitations such as high costs in voice data collection, weakness in dynamic control, and limited intelligence. To address these challenges, this paper in...
2502.11948
Can Your Uncertainty Scores Detect Hallucinated Entity?
cs.CL
To mitigate the impact of hallucination nature of LLMs, many studies propose detecting hallucinated generation through uncertainty estimation. However, these approaches predominantly operate at the sentence or paragraph level, failing to pinpoint specific spans or entities responsible for hallucinated content. This l...
2502.11949
Massively Scaling Explicit Policy-conditioned Value Functions
cs.LG cs.AI
We introduce a scaling strategy for Explicit Policy-Conditioned Value Functions (EPVFs) that significantly improves performance on challenging continuous-control tasks. EPVFs learn a value function V({\theta}) that is explicitly conditioned on the policy parameters, enabling direct gradient-based updates to the param...
2502.11951
Qubit-Based Framework for Quantum Machine Learning: Bridging Classical Data and Quantum Algorithms
cs.CE cs.LG quant-ph
This paper dives into the exciting and rapidly growing field of quantum computing, explaining its core ideas, current progress, and how it could revolutionize the way we solve complex problems. It starts by breaking down the basics, like qubits, quantum circuits, and how principles like superposition and entanglement...
2502.11953
Refined PAC-Bayes Bounds for Offline Bandits
stat.ML cs.LG
In this paper, we present refined probabilistic bounds on empirical reward estimates for off-policy learning in bandit problems. We build on the PAC-Bayesian bounds from Seldin et al. (2010) and improve on their results using a new parameter optimization approach introduced by Rodr\'iguez et al. (2024). This techniqu...
2502.11955
pySLAM: An Open-Source, Modular, and Extensible Framework for SLAM
cs.RO cs.CV
pySLAM is an open-source Python framework for Visual SLAM, supporting monocular, stereo, and RGB-D cameras. It provides a flexible interface for integrating both classical and modern local features, making it adaptable to various SLAM tasks. The framework includes different loop closure methods, a volumetric reconstr...
2502.11959
STRIVE: Structured Reasoning for Self-Improvement in Claim Verification
cs.AI
Claim verification is the task of determining whether a claim is supported or refuted by evidence. Self-improvement methods, where reasoning chains are generated and those leading to correct results are selected for training, have succeeded in tasks like mathematical problem solving. However, in claim verification, t...
2502.11962
Navigating the Helpfulness-Truthfulness Trade-Off with Uncertainty-Aware Instruction Fine-Tuning
cs.CL cs.AI
Instruction Fine-tuning (IFT) can enhance the helpfulness of Large Language Models (LLMs), but it may lower their truthfulness. This trade-off arises because IFT steers LLMs to generate responses with long-tail knowledge that is not well covered during pre-training, leading to more informative but less truthful answe...
2502.11965
A MIMO Wireless Channel Foundation Model via CIR-CSI Consistency
eess.SP cs.AI
In the field of artificial intelligence, self-supervised learning has demonstrated superior generalization capabilities by leveraging large-scale unlabeled datasets for pretraining, which is especially critical for wireless communication models to adapt to a variety of scenarios. This paper innovatively treats Channe...
2502.11968
Theoretical Barriers in Bellman-Based Reinforcement Learning
cs.LG cs.AI
Reinforcement Learning algorithms designed for high-dimensional spaces often enforce the Bellman equation on a sampled subset of states, relying on generalization to propagate knowledge across the state space. In this paper, we identify and formalize a fundamental limitation of this common approach. Specifically, we ...
2502.11969
Learning Generalizable Prompt for CLIP with Class Similarity Knowledge
cs.AI cs.CV cs.LG
In vision-language models (VLMs), prompt tuning has shown its effectiveness in adapting models to downstream tasks. However, learned prompts struggle to generalize to unseen classes, as they tend to overfit to the classes that are targeted during prompt tuning. Examining failure cases, we observed that learned prompt...
2502.11971
Robust 6DoF Pose Tracking Considering Contour and Interior Correspondence Uncertainty for AR Assembly Guidance
cs.CV
Augmented reality assembly guidance is essential for intelligent manufacturing and medical applications, requiring continuous measurement of the 6DoF poses of manipulated objects. Although current tracking methods have made significant advancements in accuracy and efficiency, they still face challenges in robustness ...
2502.11973
Generating Text from Uniform Meaning Representation
cs.CL
Uniform Meaning Representation (UMR) is a recently developed graph-based semantic representation, which expands on Abstract Meaning Representation (AMR) in a number of ways, in particular through the inclusion of document-level information and multilingual flexibility. In order to effectively adopt and leverage UMR f...
2502.11974
Image Inversion: A Survey from GANs to Diffusion and Beyond
cs.CV
Image inversion is a fundamental task in generative models, aiming to map images back to their latent representations to enable downstream applications such as editing, restoration, and style transfer. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the latest advancements in image inversion techniques, focusing on two...
2502.11975
Spatial decay of perturbations in hyperbolic equations with optimal boundary control
math.OC cs.SY eess.SY
Recently, domain-uniform stabilizability and detectability has been the central assumption %in order robustness results on the to ensure robustness in the sense of exponential decay of spatially localized perturbations in optimally controlled evolution equations. In the present paper we analyze a chain of transport e...
2502.11981
Machine Learning Should Maximize Welfare, Not (Only) Accuracy
cs.LG cs.AI cs.CY
Decades of research in machine learning have given us powerful tools for making accurate predictions. But when used in social settings and on human inputs, better accuracy does not immediately translate to better social outcomes. This may not be surprising given that conventional learning frameworks are not designed ...
2502.11983
Design Considerations Based on Stability for a Class of TCP Algorithms
cs.NI cs.SY eess.SY
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) continues to be the dominant transport protocol on the Internet. The stability of fluid models has been a key consideration in the design of TCP and the performance evaluation of TCP algorithms. Based on local stability analysis, we formulate some design considerations for a class ...
2502.11984
Blank Space: Adaptive Causal Coding for Streaming Communications Over Multi-Hop Networks
cs.IT cs.NI math.IT
In this work, we introduce Blank Space AC-RLNC (BS), a novel Adaptive and Causal Network Coding (AC-RLNC) solution designed to mitigate the triplet trade-off between throughput-delay-efficiency in multi-hop networks. BS leverages the network's physical limitations considering the bottleneck from each node to the dest...
2502.11986
Selective Task Group Updates for Multi-Task Optimization
cs.LG
Multi-task learning enables the acquisition of task-generic knowledge by training multiple tasks within a unified architecture. However, training all tasks together in a single architecture can lead to performance degradation, known as negative transfer, which is a main concern in multi-task learning. Previous works ...
2502.11989
Characterizing Photorealism and Artifacts in Diffusion Model-Generated Images
cs.HC cs.AI cs.CV
Diffusion model-generated images can appear indistinguishable from authentic photographs, but these images often contain artifacts and implausibilities that reveal their AI-generated provenance. Given the challenge to public trust in media posed by photorealistic AI-generated images, we conducted a large-scale experi...
2502.11992
On the Logic Elements Associated with Round-Off Errors and Gaussian Blur in Image Registration: A Simple Case of Commingling
cs.CV
Discrete image registration can be a strategy to reconstruct signals from samples corrupted by blur and noise. We examine superresolution and discrete image registration for one-dimensional spatially-limited piecewise constant functions which are subject to blur which is Gaussian or a mixture of Gaussians as well as ...
2502.11993
MultiFlow: A unified deep learning framework for multi-vessel classification, segmentation and clustering of phase-contrast MRI validated on a multi-site single ventricle patient cohort
cs.CV
This study presents a unified deep learning (DL) framework, MultiFlowSeg, for classification and segmentation of velocity-encoded phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging data, and MultiFlowDTC for temporal clustering of flow phenotypes. Applied to the FORCE registry of Fontan procedure patients, MultiFlowSeg achiev...
2502.11995
Presumed Cultural Identity: How Names Shape LLM Responses
cs.CL cs.AI
Names are deeply tied to human identity. They can serve as markers of individuality, cultural heritage, and personal history. However, using names as a core indicator of identity can lead to over-simplification of complex identities. When interacting with LLMs, user names are an important point of information for per...
2502.12001
Merging Language and Domain Specific Models: The Impact on Technical Vocabulary Acquisition
cs.CL cs.LG
This paper investigates the integration of technical vocabulary in merged language models. We explore the knowledge transfer mechanisms involved when combining a general-purpose language-specific model with a domain-specific model, focusing on the resulting model's comprehension of technical jargon. Our experiments a...
2502.12002
NaturalL2S: End-to-End High-quality Multispeaker Lip-to-Speech Synthesis with Differential Digital Signal Processing
cs.SD cs.CV eess.AS
Recent advancements in visual speech recognition (VSR) have promoted progress in lip-to-speech synthesis, where pre-trained VSR models enhance the intelligibility of synthesized speech by providing valuable semantic information. The success achieved by cascade frameworks, which combine pseudo-VSR with pseudo-text-to-...
2502.12003
Predicting Next-Day Wildfire Spread with Time Series and Attention
cs.CV
Recent research has demonstrated the potential of deep neural networks (DNNs) to accurately predict next-day wildfire spread, based upon the current extent of a fire and geospatial rasters of influential environmental covariates e.g., vegetation, topography, climate, and weather. In this work, we investigate a recent...
2502.12005
Feasibility Evaluation of Quadratic Programs for Constrained Control
math.OC cs.SY eess.SY
This paper presents a computationally-efficient method for evaluating the feasibility of Quadratic Programs (QPs) for online constrained control. Based on the duality principle, we first show that the feasibility of a QP can be determined by the solution of a properly-defined Linear Program (LP). Our analysis yields ...
2502.12007
Demographic Attributes Prediction from Speech Using WavLM Embeddings
cs.CL cs.AI
This paper introduces a general classifier based on WavLM features, to infer demographic characteristics, such as age, gender, native language, education, and country, from speech. Demographic feature prediction plays a crucial role in applications like language learning, accessibility, and digital forensics, enablin...
2502.12009
Beyond Sentiment: Examining the Role of Moral Foundations in User Engagement with News on Twitter
cs.SI
This study uses sentiment analysis and the Moral Foundations Theory (MFT) to characterise news content in social media and examine its association with user engagement. We employ Natural Language Processing to quantify the moral and affective linguistic markers. At the same time, we automatically define thematic macr...
2502.12011
Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces-Assisted Integrated Access and Backhaul
cs.IT cs.LG cs.NI math.IT
In this paper, we study the impact of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) on the coverage extension of integrated access and backhaul (IAB) networks. Particularly, using a finite stochastic geometry model, with random distributions of user equipments (UEs) in a finite region, and planned hierachical architectu...
2502.12012
Evolving Hard Maximum Cut Instances for Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithms
cs.ET cs.AI cs.NE quant-ph
Variational quantum algorithms, such as the Recursive Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (RQAOA), have become increasingly popular, offering promising avenues for employing Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum devices to address challenging combinatorial optimization tasks like the maximum cut problem. In this st...
2502.12013
Unsupervised Structural-Counterfactual Generation under Domain Shift
cs.LG stat.ML
Motivated by the burgeoning interest in cross-domain learning, we present a novel generative modeling challenge: generating counterfactual samples in a target domain based on factual observations from a source domain. Our approach operates within an unsupervised paradigm devoid of parallel or joint datasets, relying ...
2502.12017
Scalable and Cost-Efficient ML Inference: Parallel Batch Processing with Serverless Functions
cs.DC cs.LG
As data-intensive applications grow, batch processing in limited-resource environments faces scalability and resource management challenges. Serverless computing offers a flexible alternative, enabling dynamic resource allocation and automatic scaling. This paper explores how serverless architectures can make large-s...
2502.12018
Atom of Thoughts for Markov LLM Test-Time Scaling
cs.CL cs.AI cs.LG
Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve superior performance through training-time scaling, and test-time scaling further enhances their capabilities by conducting effective reasoning during inference. However, as the scale of reasoning increases, existing test-time scaling methods suffer from accumulated historical inf...
2502.12019
Robotic CBCT Meets Robotic Ultrasound
cs.RO eess.IV
The multi-modality imaging system offers optimal fused images for safe and precise interventions in modern clinical practices, such as computed tomography - ultrasound (CT-US) guidance for needle insertion. However, the limited dexterity and mobility of current imaging devices hinder their integration into standardiz...
2502.12020
Learning in a Multifield Coherent Ising Machine
cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.dis-nn cs.ET cs.NE nlin.AO
Physical information processors can learn from examples if they are modified according to an abstract parameter update equation, termed a learning rule. We introduce a physical model for self-learning that encodes the learning rule in the Hamiltonian of the system. The model consists of a network of multi-modal reson...
2502.12022
Teaching LLMs According to Their Aptitude: Adaptive Reasoning for Mathematical Problem Solving
cs.CL cs.AI
Existing approaches to mathematical reasoning with large language models (LLMs) rely on Chain-of-Thought (CoT) for generalizability or Tool-Integrated Reasoning (TIR) for precise computation. While efforts have been made to combine these methods, they primarily rely on post-selection or predefined strategies, leaving...
2502.12025
SafeChain: Safety of Language Models with Long Chain-of-Thought Reasoning Capabilities
cs.AI cs.CL
Emerging large reasoning models (LRMs), such as DeepSeek-R1 models, leverage long chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning to generate structured intermediate steps, enhancing their reasoning capabilities. However, long CoT does not inherently guarantee safe outputs, potentially leading to harmful consequences such as the in...
2502.12027
Enhancing Transparent Object Pose Estimation: A Fusion of GDR-Net and Edge Detection
cs.CV
Object pose estimation of transparent objects remains a challenging task in the field of robot vision due to the immense influence of lighting, background, and reflections. However, the edges of clear objects have the highest contrast, which leads to stable and prominent features. We propose a novel approach by incor...
2502.12029
KnowPath: Knowledge-enhanced Reasoning via LLM-generated Inference Paths over Knowledge Graphs
cs.AI
Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in various complex tasks, yet they still suffer from hallucinations. Introducing external knowledge, such as knowledge graph, can enhance the LLMs' ability to provide factual answers. LLMs have the ability to interactively explore knowledge graphs...
2502.12031
Masked Latent Prediction and Classification for Self-Supervised Audio Representation Learning
cs.SD cs.AI
Recently, self-supervised learning methods based on masked latent prediction have proven to encode input data into powerful representations. However, during training, the learned latent space can be further transformed to extract higher-level information that could be more suited for downstream classification tasks. ...
2502.12033
The geometry of BERT
cs.LG
Transformer neural networks, particularly Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT), have shown remarkable performance across various tasks such as classification, text summarization, and question answering. However, their internal mechanisms remain mathematically obscure, highlighting the need f...
2502.12037
Information geometry of tempered stable processes
math.DG cs.IT math.IT math.PR
We find information geometry of tempered stable processes. Starting with the derivation of $\alpha$-divergence between two tempered stable processes, Fisher information matrices of tempered stable processes and $\alpha$-connections of their statistical manifolds are obtained. Additionally, we also provide statistical...
2502.12047
Quantum Byzantine Multiple Access Channels
cs.IT math.IT math.QA
In communication theory, attacks like eavesdropping or jamming are typically assumed to occur at the channel level, while communication parties are expected to follow established protocols. But what happens if one of the parties turns malicious? In this work, we investigate a compelling scenario: a multiple-access ch...
2502.12048
A Survey on Bridging EEG Signals and Generative AI: From Image and Text to Beyond
cs.AI cs.HC cs.LG
Integration of Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) and Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) has opened new frontiers in brain signal decoding, enabling assistive communication, neural representation learning, and multimodal integration. BCIs, particularly those leveraging Electroencephalography (EEG), provide a no...
2502.12049
Classifying the Stoichiometry of Virus-like Particles with Interpretable Machine Learning
cs.LG q-bio.BM q-bio.QM
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are valuable for vaccine development due to their immune-triggering properties. Understanding their stoichiometry, the number of protein subunits to form a VLP, is critical for vaccine optimisation. However, current experimental methods to determine stoichiometry are time-consuming and req...
2502.12050
SpeechT: Findings of the First Mentorship in Speech Translation
cs.CL cs.SD
This work presents the details and findings of the first mentorship in speech translation (SpeechT), which took place in December 2024 and January 2025. To fulfil the requirements of the mentorship, the participants engaged in key activities, including data preparation, modelling, and advanced research.
2502.12051
How to Upscale Neural Networks with Scaling Law? A Survey and Practical Guidelines
cs.CL cs.LG
Neural scaling laws have revolutionized the design and optimization of large-scale AI models by revealing predictable relationships between model size, dataset volume, and computational resources. Early research established power-law relationships in model performance, leading to compute-optimal scaling strategies. H...
2502.12052
A Dual-Perspective NLG Meta-Evaluation Framework with Automatic Benchmark and Better Interpretability
cs.CL
In NLG meta-evaluation, evaluation metrics are typically assessed based on their consistency with humans. However, we identify some limitations in traditional NLG meta-evaluation approaches, such as issues in handling human ratings and ambiguous selections of correlation measures, which undermine the effectiveness of...
2502.12054
PhysReason: A Comprehensive Benchmark towards Physics-Based Reasoning
cs.AI
Large language models demonstrate remarkable capabilities across various domains, especially mathematics and logic reasoning. However, current evaluations overlook physics-based reasoning - a complex task requiring physics theorems and constraints. We present PhysReason, a 1,200-problem benchmark comprising knowledge...
2502.12055
Designing Role Vectors to Improve LLM Inference Behaviour
cs.CL
The influence of personas on Large Language Models (LLMs) has been widely studied, yet their direct impact on performance remains uncertain. This work explores a novel approach to guiding LLM behaviour through role vectors, an alternative to persona-based prompting. We construct 29 role vectors derived from model act...
2502.12057
Culture is Not Trivia: Sociocultural Theory for Cultural NLP
cs.CL cs.CY
The field of cultural NLP has recently experienced rapid growth, driven by a pressing need to ensure that language technologies are effective and safe across a pluralistic user base. This work has largely progressed without a shared conception of culture, instead choosing to rely on a wide array of cultural proxies. ...
2502.12058
A survey about perceptions of mobility to inform an agent-based simulator of subjective modal choice
cs.MA cs.CY
In order to adapt to the issues of climate change and public health, urban policies are trying to encourage soft mobility, but the share of the car remains significant. Beyond known constraints, we study here the impact of perception biases on individual choices. We designed a multi-criteria decision model, integrati...
2502.12063
Low-Rank Thinning
stat.ML cs.LG math.OC math.ST stat.ME stat.TH
The goal in thinning is to summarize a dataset using a small set of representative points. Remarkably, sub-Gaussian thinning algorithms like Kernel Halving and Compress can match the quality of uniform subsampling while substantially reducing the number of summary points. However, existing guarantees cover only a res...
2502.12064
AI-generated Text Detection with a GLTR-based Approach
cs.CL cs.AI
The rise of LLMs (Large Language Models) has contributed to the improved performance and development of cutting-edge NLP applications. However, these can also pose risks when used maliciously, such as spreading fake news, harmful content, impersonating individuals, or facilitating school plagiarism, among others. Thi...
2502.12065
Formalizing Complex Mathematical Statements with LLMs: A Study on Mathematical Definitions
cs.CL cs.FL
Thanks to their linguistic capabilities, LLMs offer an opportunity to bridge the gap between informal mathematics and formal languages through autoformalization. However, it is still unclear how well LLMs generalize to sophisticated and naturally occurring mathematical statements. To address this gap, we investigate ...
2502.12066
CONSTRUCTA: Automating Commercial Construction Schedules in Fabrication Facilities with Large Language Models
cs.AI cs.LG cs.SE
Automating planning with LLMs presents transformative opportunities for traditional industries, yet remains underexplored. In commercial construction, the complexity of automated scheduling often requires manual intervention to ensure precision. We propose CONSTRUCTA, a novel framework leveraging LLMs to optimize con...
2502.12067
TokenSkip: Controllable Chain-of-Thought Compression in LLMs
cs.CL cs.AI
Chain-of-Thought (CoT) has been proven effective in enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). Recent advancements, such as OpenAI's o1 and DeepSeek-R1, suggest that scaling up the length of CoT sequences during inference could further boost LLM reasoning performance. However, due to the au...
2502.12073
Can LLMs Simulate Social Media Engagement? A Study on Action-Guided Response Generation
cs.CL
Social media enables dynamic user engagement with trending topics, and recent research has explored the potential of large language models (LLMs) for response generation. While some studies investigate LLMs as agents for simulating user behavior on social media, their focus remains on practical viability and scalabil...
2502.12080
HumanGif: Single-View Human Diffusion with Generative Prior
cs.CV
While previous single-view-based 3D human reconstruction methods made significant progress in novel view synthesis, it remains a challenge to synthesize both view-consistent and pose-consistent results for animatable human avatars from a single image input. Motivated by the success of 2D character animation, we propo...
2502.12081
Unhackable Temporal Rewarding for Scalable Video MLLMs
cs.CV cs.CL
In the pursuit of superior video-processing MLLMs, we have encountered a perplexing paradox: the "anti-scaling law", where more data and larger models lead to worse performance. This study unmasks the culprit: "temporal hacking", a phenomenon where models shortcut by fixating on select frames, missing the full video ...
2502.12082
AdaSplash: Adaptive Sparse Flash Attention
cs.CL cs.LG
The computational cost of softmax-based attention in transformers limits their applicability to long-context tasks. Adaptive sparsity, of which $\alpha$-entmax attention is an example, offers a flexible data-dependent alternative, but existing implementations are inefficient and do not leverage the sparsity to obtain...
2502.12084
VLM$^2$-Bench: A Closer Look at How Well VLMs Implicitly Link Explicit Matching Visual Cues
cs.CL
Visually linking matching cues is a crucial ability in daily life, such as identifying the same person in multiple photos based on their cues, even without knowing who they are. Despite the extensive knowledge that vision-language models (VLMs) possess, it remains largely unexplored whether they are capable of perfor...
2502.12085
APB: Accelerating Distributed Long-Context Inference by Passing Compressed Context Blocks across GPUs
cs.LG cs.CL
While long-context inference is crucial for advancing large language model (LLM) applications, its prefill speed remains a significant bottleneck. Current approaches, including sequence parallelism strategies and compute reduction through approximate attention mechanisms, still fall short of delivering optimal infere...
2502.12086
Unifying Explainable Anomaly Detection and Root Cause Analysis in Dynamical Systems
cs.LG stat.ML
Dynamical systems, prevalent in various scientific and engineering domains, are susceptible to anomalies that can significantly impact their performance and reliability. This paper addresses the critical challenges of anomaly detection, root cause localization, and anomaly type classification in dynamical systems gov...
2502.12088
Meta-Statistical Learning: Supervised Learning of Statistical Inference
cs.LG cs.AI
This work demonstrates that the tools and principles driving the success of large language models (LLMs) can be repurposed to tackle distribution-level tasks, where the goal is to predict properties of the data-generating distribution rather than labels for individual datapoints. These tasks encompass statistical inf...
2502.12089
How compositional generalization and creativity improve as diffusion models are trained
stat.ML cs.LG
Natural data is often organized as a hierarchical composition of features. How many samples do generative models need to learn the composition rules, so as to produce a combinatorial number of novel data? What signal in the data is exploited to learn? We investigate these questions both theoretically and empirically....
2502.12093
WeVibe: Weight Change Estimation Through Audio-Induced Shelf Vibrations In Autonomous Stores
eess.SP cs.SY eess.SY
Weight change estimation is crucial in various applications, particularly for detecting pick-up and put-back actions when people interact with the shelf while shopping in autonomous stores. Moreover, accurate weight change estimation allows autonomous stores to automatically identify items being picked up or put back...
2502.12094
A Study on Leveraging Search and Self-Feedback for Agent Reasoning
cs.AI cs.CL
Recent works have demonstrated that incorporating search during inference can significantly improve reasoning capabilities of language agents. Some approaches may make use of the ground truth or rely on model's own generated feedback. The search algorithm uses this feedback to then produce values that will update its...
2502.12095
Descriminative-Generative Custom Tokens for Vision-Language Models
cs.CV
This paper explores the possibility of learning custom tokens for representing new concepts in Vision-Language Models (VLMs). Our aim is to learn tokens that can be effective for both discriminative and generative tasks while composing well with words to form new input queries. The targeted concept is specified in te...
2502.12096
Token Communications: A Unified Framework for Cross-modal Context-aware Semantic Communications
cs.IT cs.CV cs.MM eess.SP math.IT
In this paper, we introduce token communications (TokCom), a unified framework to leverage cross-modal context information in generative semantic communications (GenSC). TokCom is a new paradigm, motivated by the recent success of generative foundation models and multimodal large language models (GFM/MLLMs), where th...
2502.12098
Bandwidth-Adaptive Spatiotemporal Correspondence Identification for Collaborative Perception
cs.RO
Correspondence identification (CoID) is an essential capability in multi-robot collaborative perception, which enables a group of robots to consistently refer to the same objects within their respective fields of view. In real-world applications, such as connected autonomous driving, vehicles face challenges in direc...
2502.12102
Relational Norms for Human-AI Cooperation
cs.AI cs.ET
How we should design and interact with social artificial intelligence depends on the socio-relational role the AI is meant to emulate or occupy. In human society, relationships such as teacher-student, parent-child, neighbors, siblings, or employer-employee are governed by specific norms that prescribe or proscribe c...
2502.12108
Using the Path of Least Resistance to Explain Deep Networks
cs.LG cs.AI stat.ML
Integrated Gradients (IG), a widely used axiomatic path-based attribution method, assigns importance scores to input features by integrating model gradients along a straight path from a baseline to the input. While effective in some cases, we show that straight paths can lead to flawed attributions. In this paper, we...
2502.12109
Personality Structured Interview for Large Language Model Simulation in Personality Research
cs.CL cs.AI
Although psychometrics researchers have recently explored the use of large language models (LLMs) as proxies for human participants, LLMs often fail to generate heterogeneous data with human-like diversity, which diminishes their value in advancing social science research. To address these challenges, we explored the...
2502.12110
A-MEM: Agentic Memory for LLM Agents
cs.CL cs.HC
While large language model (LLM) agents can effectively use external tools for complex real-world tasks, they require memory systems to leverage historical experiences. Current memory systems enable basic storage and retrieval but lack sophisticated memory organization, despite recent attempts to incorporate graph da...
2502.12113
A Monocular Event-Camera Motion Capture System
cs.RO cs.CV
Motion capture systems are a widespread tool in research to record ground-truth poses of objects. Commercial systems use reflective markers attached to the object and then triangulate pose of the object from multiple camera views. Consequently, the object must be visible to multiple cameras which makes such multi-vie...
2502.12115
SWE-Lancer: Can Frontier LLMs Earn $1 Million from Real-World Freelance Software Engineering?
cs.LG cs.SE
We introduce SWE-Lancer, a benchmark of over 1,400 freelance software engineering tasks from Upwork, valued at \$1 million USD total in real-world payouts. SWE-Lancer encompasses both independent engineering tasks--ranging from \$50 bug fixes to \$32,000 feature implementations--and managerial tasks, where models cho...
2502.12118
Scaling Test-Time Compute Without Verification or RL is Suboptimal
cs.LG cs.CL
Despite substantial advances in scaling test-time compute, an ongoing debate in the community is how it should be scaled up to enable continued and efficient improvements with scaling. There are largely two approaches: first, distilling successful search or thinking traces; and second, using verification (e.g., 0/1 o...
2502.12119
PRISM: Self-Pruning Intrinsic Selection Method for Training-Free Multimodal Data Selection
cs.CV cs.AI cs.CL
Visual instruction tuning refines pre-trained Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) to enhance their real-world task performance. However, the rapid expansion of visual instruction datasets introduces significant data redundancy, leading to excessive computational costs. Existing data selection methods predominant...
2502.12120
LLMs on the Line: Data Determines Loss-to-Loss Scaling Laws
cs.LG cs.AI cs.CL
Scaling laws guide the development of large language models (LLMs) by offering estimates for the optimal balance of model size, tokens, and compute. More recently, loss-to-loss scaling laws that relate losses across pretraining datasets and downstream tasks have emerged as a powerful tool for understanding and improv...
2502.12122
Minimal Ranks, Maximum Confidence: Parameter-efficient Uncertainty Quantification for LoRA
cs.LG
Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) enables parameter-efficient fine-tuning of large language models by decomposing weight updates into low-rank matrices, significantly reducing storage and computational overhead. While effective, standard LoRA lacks mechanisms for uncertainty quantification, leading to overconfident and poor...
2502.12123
On the Query Complexity of Verifier-Assisted Language Generation
cs.CL cs.LG
Recently, a plethora of works have proposed inference-time algorithms (e.g. best-of-n), which incorporate verifiers to assist the generation process. Their quality-efficiency trade-offs have been empirically benchmarked on a variety of constrained generation tasks, but the algorithmic design landscape is still largel...
2502.12124
RA-MTR: A Retrieval Augmented Multi-Task Reader based Approach for Inspirational Quote Extraction from Long Documents
cs.CL
Inspirational quotes from famous individuals are often used to convey thoughts in news articles, essays, and everyday conversations. In this paper, we propose a novel context-based quote extraction system that aims to extract the most relevant quote from a long text. We formulate this quote extraction as an open doma...
2502.12125
Hypernym Bias: Unraveling Deep Classifier Training Dynamics through the Lens of Class Hierarchy
cs.AI cs.LG
We investigate the training dynamics of deep classifiers by examining how hierarchical relationships between classes evolve during training. Through extensive experiments, we argue that the learning process in classification problems can be understood through the lens of label clustering. Specifically, we observe tha...