id stringlengths 9 16 | title stringlengths 4 278 | categories stringlengths 5 104 | abstract stringlengths 6 4.09k |
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cmp-lg/9607002 | Inducing Constraint Grammars | cmp-lg cs.CL | Constraint Grammar rules are induced from corpora. A simple scheme based on
local information, i.e., on lexical biases and next-neighbour contexts,
extended through the use of barriers, reached 87.3 percent precision (1.12
tags/word) at 98.2 percent recall. The results compare favourably with other
methods that are u... |
cmp-lg/9607003 | Domain and Language Independent Feature Extraction for Statistical Text
Categorization | cmp-lg cs.CL | A generic system for text categorization is presented which uses a
representative text corpus to adapt the processing steps: feature extraction,
dimension reduction, and classification. Feature extraction automatically
learns features from the corpus by reducing actual word forms using statistical
information of the ... |
cmp-lg/9607004 | Integrating Syntactic and Prosodic Information for the Efficient
Detection of Empty Categories | cmp-lg cs.CL | We describe a number of experiments that demonstrate the usefulness of
prosodic information for a processing module which parses spoken utterances
with a feature-based grammar employing empty categories. We show that by
requiring certain prosodic properties from those positions in the input where
the presence of an e... |
cmp-lg/9607005 | Head Automata and Bilingual Tiling: Translation with Minimal
Representations | cmp-lg cs.CL | We present a language model consisting of a collection of costed
bidirectional finite state automata associated with the head words of phrases.
The model is suitable for incremental application of lexical associations in a
dynamic programming search for optimal dependency tree derivations. We also
present a model and... |
cmp-lg/9607006 | Head Automata for Speech Translation | cmp-lg cs.CL | This paper presents statistical language and translation models based on
collections of small finite state machines we call ``head automata''. The
models are intended to capture the lexical sensitivity of N-gram models and
direct statistical translation models, while at the same time taking account of
the hierarchica... |
cmp-lg/9607007 | Parallel Replacement in Finite State Calculus | cmp-lg cs.CL | This paper extends the calculus of regular expressions with new types of
replacement expressions that enhance the expressiveness of the simple replace
operator defined in Karttunen (1995). Parallel replacement allows multiple
replacements to apply simultaneously to the same input without interfering with
each other. ... |
cmp-lg/9607008 | From Submit to Submitted via Submission: On Lexical Rules in Large-Scale
Lexicon Acquisition | cmp-lg cs.CL | This paper deals with the discovery, representation, and use of lexical rules
(LRs) during large-scale semi-automatic computational lexicon acquisition. The
analysis is based on a set of LRs implemented and tested on the basis of
Spanish and English business- and finance-related corpora. We show that, though
the use ... |
cmp-lg/9607009 | Semantic-based Transfer | cmp-lg cs.CL | This article presents a new semantic-based transfer approach developed and
applied within the Verbmobil Machine Translation project. We give an overview
of the declarative transfer formalism together with its procedural realization.
Our approach is discussed and compared with several other approaches from the
MT lite... |
cmp-lg/9607010 | Efficient Implementation of a Semantic-based Transfer Approach | cmp-lg cs.CL | This article gives an overview of a new semantic-based transfer approach
developed and applied within the Verbmobil Machine Translation project. We
present the declarative transfer formalism and discuss its implementation.
|
cmp-lg/9607011 | Pattern-Based Context-Free Grammars for Machine Translation | cmp-lg cs.CL | This paper proposes the use of ``pattern-based'' context-free grammars as a
basis for building machine translation (MT) systems, which are now being
adopted as personal tools by a broad range of users in the cyberspace society.
We discuss major requirements for such tools, including easy customization for
diverse dom... |
cmp-lg/9607012 | MBT: A Memory-Based Part of Speech Tagger-Generator | cmp-lg cs.CL | We introduce a memory-based approach to part of speech tagging. Memory-based
learning is a form of supervised learning based on similarity-based reasoning.
The part of speech tag of a word in a particular context is extrapolated from
the most similar cases held in memory. Supervised learning approaches are
useful whe... |
cmp-lg/9607013 | Unsupervised Discovery of Phonological Categories through Supervised
Learning of Morphological Rules | cmp-lg cs.CL | We describe a case study in the application of {\em symbolic machine
learning} techniques for the discovery of linguistic rules and categories. A
supervised rule induction algorithm is used to learn to predict the correct
diminutive suffix given the phonological representation of Dutch nouns. The
system produces rule... |
cmp-lg/9607014 | A Corpus Study of Negative Imperatives in Natural Language Instructions | cmp-lg cs.CL | In this paper, we define the notion of a preventative expression and discuss
a corpus study of such expressions in instructional text. We discuss our coding
schema, which takes into account both form and function features, and present
measures of inter-coder reliability for those features. We then discuss the
correla... |
cmp-lg/9607015 | Learning Micro-Planning Rules for Preventative Expressions | cmp-lg cs.CL | Building text planning resources by hand is time-consuming and difficult.
Certainly, a number of planning architectures and their accompanying plan
libraries have been implemented, but while the architectures themselves may be
reused in a new domain, the library of plans typically cannot. One way to
address this prob... |
cmp-lg/9607016 | Beyond Word N-Grams | cmp-lg cs.CL | We describe, analyze, and evaluate experimentally a new probabilistic model
for word-sequence prediction in natural language based on prediction suffix
trees (PSTs). By using efficient data structures, we extend the notion of PST
to unbounded vocabularies. We also show how to use a Bayesian approach based on
recursiv... |
cmp-lg/9607017 | Natural Language Processing: Structure and Complexity | cmp-lg cs.CL | We introduce a method for analyzing the complexity of natural language
processing tasks, and for predicting the difficulty new NLP tasks.
Our complexity measures are derived from the Kolmogorov complexity of a class
of automata --- {\it meaning automata}, whose purpose is to extract relevant
pieces of information f... |
cmp-lg/9607018 | TSNLP - Test Suites for Natural Language Processing | cmp-lg cs.CL | The TSNLP project has investigated various aspects of the construction,
maintenance and application of systematic test suites as diagnostic and
evaluation tools for NLP applications. The paper summarizes the motivation and
main results of the project: besides the solid methodological foundation, TSNLP
has produced su... |
cmp-lg/9607019 | Mental State Adjectives: the Perspective of Generative Lexicon | cmp-lg cs.CL | This paper focusses on mental state adjectives and offers a unified analysis
in the theory of Generative Lexicon (Pustejovsky, 1991, 1995). We show that,
instead of enumerating the various syntactic constructions they enter into,
with the different senses which arise, it is possible to give them a rich typed
semantic... |
cmp-lg/9607020 | A Divide-and-Conquer Strategy for Parsing | cmp-lg cs.CL | In this paper, we propose a novel strategy which is designed to enhance the
accuracy of the parser by simplifying complex sentences before parsing. This
approach involves the separate parsing of the constituent sub-sentences within
a complex sentence. To achieve that, the divide-and-conquer strategy first
disambiguat... |
cmp-lg/9607021 | Morphological Analysis as Classification: an Inductive-Learning Approach | cmp-lg cs.CL | Morphological analysis is an important subtask in text-to-speech conversion,
hyphenation, and other language engineering tasks. The traditional approach to
performing morphological analysis is to combine a morpheme lexicon, sets of
(linguistic) rules, and heuristics to find a most probable analysis. In
contrast we pr... |
cmp-lg/9607022 | A Machine Learning Approach to the Classification of Dialogue Utterances | cmp-lg cs.CL | The purpose of this paper is to present a method for automatic classification
of dialogue utterances and the results of applying that method to a corpus.
Superficial features of a set of training utterances (which we will call cues)
are taken as the basis for finding relevant utterance classes and for
extracting rule... |
cmp-lg/9607023 | Phonological modeling for continuous speech recognition in Korean | cmp-lg cs.CL | A new scheme to represent phonological changes during continuous speech
recognition is suggested. A phonological tag coupled with its morphological tag
is designed to represent the conditions of Korean phonological changes. A
pairwise language model of these morphological and phonological tags is
implemented in Korea... |
cmp-lg/9607024 | Applying Winnow to Context-Sensitive Spelling Correction | cmp-lg cs.CL | Multiplicative weight-updating algorithms such as Winnow have been studied
extensively in the COLT literature, but only recently have people started to
use them in applications. In this paper, we apply a Winnow-based algorithm to a
task in natural language: context-sensitive spelling correction. This is the
task of f... |
cmp-lg/9607025 | New Methods, Current Trends and Software Infrastructure for NLP | cmp-lg cs.CL | The increasing use of `new methods' in NLP, which the NeMLaP conference
series exemplifies, occurs in the context of a wider shift in the nature and
concerns of the discipline. This paper begins with a short review of this
context and significant trends in the field. The review motivates and leads to
a set of require... |
cmp-lg/9607026 | Building Knowledge Bases for the Generation of Software Documentation | cmp-lg cs.CL | Automated text generation requires a underlying knowledge base from which to
generate, which is often difficult to produce. Software documentation is one
domain in which parts of this knowledge base may be derived automatically. In
this paper, we describe \drafter, an authoring support tool for generating
user-centre... |
cmp-lg/9607027 | Learning Translation Rules From A Bilingual Corpus | cmp-lg cs.CL | This paper proposes a mechanism for learning pattern correspondences between
two languages from a corpus of translated sentence pairs. The proposed
mechanism uses analogical reasoning between two translations. Given a pair of
translations, the similar parts of the sentences in the source language must
correspond the ... |
cmp-lg/9607028 | The Grammar of Sense: Is word-sense tagging much more than
part-of-speech tagging? | cmp-lg cs.CL | This squib claims that Large-scale Automatic Sense Tagging of text (LAST) can
be done at a high-level of accuracy and with far less complexity and
computational effort than has been believed until now. Moreover, it can be done
for all open class words, and not just carefully selected opposed pairs as in
some recent w... |
cmp-lg/9607029 | Design and Implementation of a Tactical Generator for Turkish, a Free
Constituent Order Language | cmp-lg cs.CL | This thesis describes a tactical generator for Turkish, a free constituent
order language, in which the order of the constituents may change according to
the information structure of the sentences to be generated. In the absence of
any information regarding the information structure of a sentence (i.e., topic,
focus,... |
cmp-lg/9607030 | Using Multiple Sources of Information for Constraint-Based Morphological
Disambiguation | cmp-lg cs.CL | This thesis presents a constraint-based morphological disambiguation approach
that is applicable to languages with complex morphology--specifically
agglutinative languages with productive inflectional and derivational
morphological phenomena. For morphologically complex languages like Turkish,
automatic morphological... |
cmp-lg/9607031 | Compositional Semantics in Verbmobil | cmp-lg cs.CL | The paper discusses how compositional semantics is implemented in the
Verbmobil speech-to-speech translation system using LUD, a description language
for underspecified discourse representation structures. The description
language and its formal interpretation in DRT are described as well as its
implementation togeth... |
cmp-lg/9607032 | A Lexical Semantic Database for Verbmobil | cmp-lg cs.CL | This paper describes the development and use of a lexical semantic database
for the Verbmobil speech-to-speech machine translation system. The motivation
is to provide a common information source for the distributed development of
the semantics, transfer and semantic evaluation modules and to store lexical
semantic i... |
cmp-lg/9607033 | Multiple Discourse Relations on the Sentential Level in Japanese | cmp-lg cs.CL | In the German government (BMBF) funded project Verbmobil, a semantic
formalism Language for Underspecified Discourse Representation Structures (LUD)
is used which describes several DRSs and allows for underspecification. Dealing
with Japanese poses challenging problems. In this paper, a treatment of
multiple discours... |
cmp-lg/9607034 | Using textual clues to improve metaphor processing | cmp-lg cs.CL | In this paper, we propose a textual clue approach to help metaphor detection,
in order to improve the semantic processing of this figure. The previous works
in the domain studied the semantic regularities only, overlooking an obvious
set of regularities. A corpus-based analysis shows the existence of surface
regulari... |
cmp-lg/9607035 | Completeness of Compositional Translation for Context-Free Grammars | cmp-lg cs.CL | A machine translation system is said to be *complete* if all expressions that
are correct according to the source-language grammar can be translated into the
target language. This paper addresses the completeness issue for compositional
machine translation in general, and for compositional machine translation of
cont... |
cmp-lg/9607036 | Connected Text Recognition Using Layered HMMs and Token Passing | cmp-lg cs.CL | We present a novel approach to lexical error recovery on textual input. An
advanced robust tokenizer has been implemented that can not only correct
spelling mistakes, but also recover from segmentation errors. Apart from the
orthographic considerations taken, the tokenizer also makes use of linguistic
expectations ex... |
cmp-lg/9607037 | Automatic Construction of Clean Broad-Coverage Translation Lexicons | cmp-lg cs.CL | Word-level translational equivalences can be extracted from parallel texts by
surprisingly simple statistical techniques. However, these techniques are
easily fooled by {\em indirect associations} --- pairs of unrelated words whose
statistical properties resemble those of mutual translations. Indirect
associations po... |
cmp-lg/9608001 | Storage of Natural Language Sentences in a Hopfield Network | cmp-lg cs.CL | This paper look at how the Hopfield neural network can be used to store and
recall patterns constructed from natural language sentences. As a pattern
recognition and storage tool, the Hopfield neural network has received much
attention. This attention however has been mainly in the field of statistical
physics due to... |
cmp-lg/9608002 | Controlling Functional Uncertainty | cmp-lg cs.CL | There have been two different methods for checking the satisfiability of
feature descriptions that use the functional uncertainty device,
namely~\cite{Kaplan:88CO} and \cite{Backofen:94JSC}. Although only the one in
\cite{Backofen:94JSC} solves the satisfiability problem completely, both
methods have their merits. Bu... |
cmp-lg/9608003 | Stylistic Variation in an Information Retrieval Experiment | cmp-lg cs.CL | Texts exhibit considerable stylistic variation. This paper reports an
experiment where a corpus of documents (N= 75 000) is analyzed using various
simple stylistic metrics. A subset (n = 1000) of the corpus has been previously
assessed to be relevant for answering given information retrieval queries. The
experiment s... |
cmp-lg/9608004 | Patterns of Language - A Population Model for Language Structure | cmp-lg cs.CL | A key problem in the description of language structure is to explain its
contradictory properties of specificity and generality, the contrasting poles
of formulaic prescription and generative productivity. I argue that this is
possible if we accept analogy and similarity as the basic mechanisms of
structural definiti... |
cmp-lg/9608005 | CLEARS - An Education and Research Tool for Computational Semantics | cmp-lg cs.CL | The CLEARS (Computational Linguistics Education and Research for Semantics)
tool provides a graphical interface allowing interactive construction of
semantic representations in a variety of different formalisms, and using
several construction methods. CLEARS was developed as part of the FraCaS
project which was desig... |
cmp-lg/9608006 | Grapheme-to-Phoneme Conversion using Multiple Unbounded Overlapping
Chunks | cmp-lg cs.CL | We present in this paper an original extension of two data-driven algorithms
for the transcription of a sequence of graphemes into the corresponding
sequence of phonemes. In particular, our approach generalizes the algorithm
originally proposed by Dedina and Nusbaum (D&N) (1991), which had originally
been promoted as... |
cmp-lg/9608007 | Centering in Italian | cmp-lg cs.CL | This paper explores the correlation between centering and different forms of
pronominal reference in Italian, in particular zeros and overt pronouns in
subject position. Such correlations, that I had proposed in earlier work
(COLING 90), are verified through the analysis of a corpus of naturally
occurring texts. In t... |
cmp-lg/9608008 | The discourse functions of Italian subjects: a centering approach | cmp-lg cs.CL | This paper examines the discourse functions that different types of subjects
perform in Italian within the centering framework. I build on my previous work
(COLING90) that accounted for the alternation of null and strong pronouns in
subject position. I extend my previous analysis in several ways: for example, I
refin... |
cmp-lg/9608009 | Centering theory and the Italian pronominal system | cmp-lg cs.CL | In this paper, I give an account of some phenomena of pronominalization in
Italian in terms of centering theory. After a general introduction to the
Italian pronominal system, I will review centering, and then show how the
original rules have to be extended or modified. Finally, I will show that
centering does not ac... |
cmp-lg/9608010 | Fishing for Exactness | cmp-lg cs.CL | Statistical methods for automatically identifying dependent word pairs (i.e.
dependent bigrams) in a corpus of natural language text have traditionally been
performed using asymptotic tests of significance. This paper suggests that
Fisher's exact test is a more appropriate test due to the skewed and sparse
data sampl... |
cmp-lg/9608011 | Punctuation in Quoted Speech | cmp-lg cs.CL | Quoted speech is often set off by punctuation marks, in particular quotation
marks. Thus, it might seem that the quotation marks would be extremely useful
in identifying these structures in texts. Unfortunately, the situation is not
quite so clear. In this work, I will argue that quotation marks are not
adequate for ... |
cmp-lg/9608012 | Multilingual Text Analysis for Text-to-Speech Synthesis | cmp-lg cs.CL | We present a model of text analysis for text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis based
on (weighted) finite-state transducers, which serves as the text-analysis
module of the multilingual Bell Labs TTS system. The transducers are
constructed using a lexical toolkit that allows declarative descriptions of
lexicons, morphologica... |
cmp-lg/9608013 | A Word Grammar of Turkish with Morphophonemic Rules | cmp-lg cs.CL | In this thesis, morphological description of Turkish is encoded using the
two-level model. This description is made up of the phonological component that
contains the two-level morphophonemic rules, and the lexicon component which
lists the lexical items and encodes the morphotactic constraints. The word
grammar is e... |
cmp-lg/9608014 | Classifiers in Japanese-to-English Machine Translation | cmp-lg cs.CL | This paper proposes an analysis of classifiers into four major types: UNIT,
METRIC, GROUP and SPECIES, based on properties of both Japanese and English.
The analysis makes possible a uniform and straightforward treatment of noun
phrases headed by classifiers in Japanese-to-English machine translation, and
has been im... |
cmp-lg/9608015 | Morphological Productivity in the Lexicon | cmp-lg cs.CL | In this paper we outline a lexical organization for Turkish that makes use of
lexical rules for inflections, derivations, and lexical category changes to
control the proliferation of lexical entries. Lexical rules handle changes in
grammatical roles, enforce type constraints, and control the mapping of
subcategorizat... |
cmp-lg/9608016 | A Sign-Based Phrase Structure Grammar for Turkish | cmp-lg cs.CL | This study analyses Turkish syntax from an informational point of view. Sign
based linguistic representation and principles of HPSG (Head-driven Phrase
Structure Grammar) theory are adapted to Turkish. The basic informational
elements are nested and inherently sorted feature structures called signs.
In the implemen... |
cmp-lg/9608017 | Automatic Alignment of English-Chinese Bilingual Texts of CNS News | cmp-lg cs.CL | In this paper we address a method to align English-Chinese bilingual news
reports from China News Service, combining both lexical and satistical
approaches. Because of the sentential structure differences between English and
Chinese, matching at the sentence level as in many other works may result in
frequent matchin... |
cmp-lg/9608018 | Algorithms for Speech Recognition and Language Processing | cmp-lg cs.CL | Speech processing requires very efficient methods and algorithms.
Finite-state transducers have been shown recently both to constitute a very
useful abstract model and to lead to highly efficient time and space algorithms
in this field. We present these methods and algorithms and illustrate them in
the case of speech... |
cmp-lg/9608019 | Using sentence connectors for evaluating MT output | cmp-lg cs.CL | This paper elaborates on the design of a machine translation evaluation
method that aims to determine to what degree the meaning of an original text is
preserved in translation, without looking into the grammatical correctness of
its constituent sentences. The basic idea is to have a human evaluator take the
sentence... |
cmp-lg/9608020 | Phonetic Ambiguity : Approaches, Touchstones, Pitfalls and New
Approaches | cmp-lg cs.CL | Phonetic ambiguity and confusibility are bugbears for any form of bottom-up
or data-driven approach to language processing. The question of when an input
is ``close enough'' to a target word pervades the entire problem spaces of
speech recognition, synthesis, language acquisition, speech compression, and
language rep... |
cmp-lg/9608021 | Isolated-Word Confusion Metrics and the PGPfone Alphabet | cmp-lg cs.CL | Although the confusion of individual phonemes and features have been studied
and analyzed since (Miller and Nicely, 1955), there has been little work done
on extending this to a predictive theory of word-level confusions. The PGPfone
alphabet is a good touchstone problem for developing such word-level confusion
metri... |
cmp-lg/9609001 | Corrections and Higher-Order Unification | cmp-lg cs.CL | We propose an analysis of corrections which models some of the requirements
corrections place on context. We then show that this analysis naturally extends
to the interaction of corrections with pronominal anaphora on the one hand, and
(in)definiteness on the other. The analysis builds on previous
unification--based ... |
cmp-lg/9609002 | Inferring Acceptance and Rejection in Dialogue by Default Rules of
Inference | cmp-lg cs.CL | This paper discusses the processes by which conversants in a dialogue can
infer whether their assertions and proposals have been accepted or rejected by
their conversational partners. It expands on previous work by showing that
logical consistency is a necessary indicator of acceptance, but that it is not
sufficient,... |
cmp-lg/9609003 | Cue Phrase Classification Using Machine Learning | cmp-lg cs.CL | Cue phrases may be used in a discourse sense to explicitly signal discourse
structure, but also in a sentential sense to convey semantic rather than
structural information. Correctly classifying cue phrases as discourse or
sentential is critical in natural language processing systems that exploit
discourse structure,... |
cmp-lg/9609004 | A Principled Framework for Constructing Natural Language Interfaces To
Temporal Databases | cmp-lg cs.CL | Most existing natural language interfaces to databases (NLIDBs) were designed
to be used with ``snapshot'' database systems, that provide very limited
facilities for manipulating time-dependent data. Consequently, most NLIDBs also
provide very limited support for the notion of time. The database community is
becoming... |
cmp-lg/9609005 | Centering in Japanese Discourse | cmp-lg cs.CL | In this paper we propose a computational treatment of the resolution of zero
pronouns in Japanese discourse, using an adaptation of the centering algorithm.
We are able to factor language-specific dependencies into one parameter of the
centering algorithm. Previous analyses have stipulated that a zero pronoun and
its... |
cmp-lg/9609006 | Japanese Discourse and the Process of Centering | cmp-lg cs.CL | This paper has three aims: (1) to generalize a computational account of the
discourse process called {\sc centering}, (2) to apply this account to
discourse processing in Japanese so that it can be used in computational
systems for machine translation or language understanding, and (3) to provide
some insights on the... |
cmp-lg/9609007 | Discourse Coherence and Shifting Centers in Japanese Texts | cmp-lg cs.CL | In languages such as Japanese, the use of {\it zeros}, unexpressed arguments
of the verb, in utterances that shift the topic involves a risk that the
meaning intended by the speaker may not be transparent to the hearer. However,
this potentially undesirable conversational strategy often occurs in the course
of natura... |
cmp-lg/9609008 | Designing Statistical Language Learners: Experiments on Noun Compounds | cmp-lg cs.CL | The goal of this thesis is to advance the exploration of the statistical
language learning design space. In pursuit of that goal, the thesis makes two
main theoretical contributions: (i) it identifies a new class of designs by
specifying an architecture for natural language analysis in which probabilities
are given t... |
cmp-lg/9609009 | A Geometric Approach to Mapping Bitext Correspondence | cmp-lg cs.CL | The first step in most corpus-based multilingual NLP work is to construct a
detailed map of the correspondence between a text and its translation. Several
automatic methods for this task have been proposed in recent years. Yet even
the best of these methods can err by several typeset pages. The Smooth
Injective Map R... |
cmp-lg/9609010 | Automatic Detection of Omissions in Translations | cmp-lg cs.CL | ADOMIT is an algorithm for Automatic Detection of OMIssions in Translations.
The algorithm relies solely on geometric analysis of bitext maps and uses no
linguistic information. This property allows it to deal equally well with
omissions that do not correspond to linguistic units, such as might result from
word-proce... |
cmp-lg/9610001 | Death and Lightness: Using a Demographic Model to Find Support Verbs | cmp-lg cs.CL | Some verbs have a particular kind of binary ambiguity: they can carry their
normal, full meaning, or they can be merely acting as a prop for the nominal
object. It has been suggested that there is a detectable pattern in the
relationship between a verb acting as a prop (a \term{support verb}) and the
noun it supports... |
cmp-lg/9610002 | Gathering Statistics to Aspectually Classify Sentences with a Genetic
Algorithm | cmp-lg cs.CL | This paper presents a method for large corpus analysis to semantically
classify an entire clause. In particular, we use cooccurrence statistics among
similar clauses to determine the aspectual class of an input clause. The
process examines linguistic features of clauses that are relevant to aspectual
classification. ... |
cmp-lg/9610003 | Stochastic Attribute-Value Grammars | cmp-lg cs.CL | Probabilistic analogues of regular and context-free grammars are well-known
in computational linguistics, and currently the subject of intensive research.
To date, however, no satisfactory probabilistic analogue of attribute-value
grammars has been proposed: previous attempts have failed to define a correct
parameter... |
cmp-lg/9610004 | A Faster Structured-Tag Word-Classification Method | cmp-lg cs.CL | Several methods have been proposed for processing a corpus to induce a tagset
for the sub-language represented by the corpus. This paper examines a
structured-tag word classification method introduced by McMahon (1994) and
discussed further by McMahon & Smith (1995) in cmp-lg/9503011 . Two major
variations, (1) non-r... |
cmp-lg/9610005 | Learning string edit distance | cmp-lg cs.CL | In many applications, it is necessary to determine the similarity of two
strings. A widely-used notion of string similarity is the edit distance: the
minimum number of insertions, deletions, and substitutions required to
transform one string into the other. In this report, we provide a stochastic
model for string edi... |
cmp-lg/9610006 | A Morphology-System and Part-of-Speech Tagger for German | cmp-lg cs.CL | This paper presents an integrated tool for German morphology and statistical
part-of-speech tagging which aims at making some well established methods
widely available. The software is very user friendly, runs on any PC and can be
downloaded as a complete package (including lexicon and documentation) from the
World W... |
cmp-lg/9611001 | OT SIMPLE - a construction-kit approach to Optimality Theory
implementation | cmp-lg cs.CL | This paper details a simple approach to the implementation of Optimality
Theory (OT, Prince and Smolensky 1993) on a computer, in part reusing standard
system software. In a nutshell, OT's GENerating source is implemented as a
BinProlog program interpreting a context-free specification of a GEN structural
grammar acc... |
cmp-lg/9611002 | Unsupervised Language Acquisition | cmp-lg cs.CL | This thesis presents a computational theory of unsupervised language
acquisition, precisely defining procedures for learning language from ordinary
spoken or written utterances, with no explicit help from a teacher. The theory
is based heavily on concepts borrowed from machine learning and statistical
estimation. In ... |
cmp-lg/9611003 | Data-Oriented Language Processing. An Overview | cmp-lg cs.CL | During the last few years, a new approach to language processing has started
to emerge, which has become known under various labels such as "data-oriented
parsing", "corpus-based interpretation", and "tree-bank grammar" (cf. van den
Berg et al. 1994; Bod 1992-96; Bod et al. 1996a/b; Bonnema 1996; Charniak
1996a/b; Go... |
cmp-lg/9611004 | Nonuniform Markov models | cmp-lg cs.CL | A statistical language model assigns probability to strings of arbitrary
length. Unfortunately, it is not possible to gather reliable statistics on
strings of arbitrary length from a finite corpus. Therefore, a statistical
language model must decide that each symbol in a string depends on at most a
small, finite numb... |
cmp-lg/9611005 | Integrating HMM-Based Speech Recognition With Direct Manipulation In A
Multimodal Korean Natural Language Interface | cmp-lg cs.CL | This paper presents a HMM-based speech recognition engine and its integration
into direct manipulation interfaces for Korean document editor. Speech
recognition can reduce typical tedious and repetitive actions which are
inevitable in standard GUIs (graphic user interfaces). Our system consists of
general speech reco... |
cmp-lg/9611006 | A Framework for Natural Language Interfaces to Temporal Databases | cmp-lg cs.CL | Over the past thirty years, there has been considerable progress in the
design of natural language interfaces to databases. Most of this work has
concerned snapshot databases, in which there are only limited facilities for
manipulating time-varying information. The database community is becoming
increasingly interest... |
cmp-lg/9612001 | Comparative Experiments on Disambiguating Word Senses: An Illustration
of the Role of Bias in Machine Learning | cmp-lg cs.CL | This paper describes an experimental comparison of seven different learning
algorithms on the problem of learning to disambiguate the meaning of a word
from context. The algorithms tested include statistical, neural-network,
decision-tree, rule-based, and case-based classification techniques. The
specific problem tes... |
cmp-lg/9612002 | Specialized Language Models using Dialogue Predictions | cmp-lg cs.CL | This paper analyses language modeling in spoken dialogue systems for
accessing a database. The use of several language models obtained by exploiting
dialogue predictions gives better results than the use of a single model for
the whole dialogue interaction. For this reason several models have been
created, each one f... |
cmp-lg/9612003 | Metrics for Evaluating Dialogue Strategies in a Spoken Language System | cmp-lg cs.CL | In this paper, we describe a set of metrics for the evaluation of different
dialogue management strategies in an implemented real-time spoken language
system. The set of metrics we propose offers useful insights in evaluating how
particular choices in the dialogue management can affect the overall quality of
the man-... |
cmp-lg/9612004 | Dialogos: a Robust System for Human-Machine Spoken Dialogue on the
Telephone | cmp-lg cs.CL | This paper presents Dialogos, a real-time system for human-machine spoken
dialogue on the telephone in task-oriented domains. The system has been tested
in a large trial with inexperienced users and it has proved robust enough to
allow spontaneous interactions both to users which get good recognition
performance and ... |
cmp-lg/9612005 | Maximum Entropy Modeling Toolkit | cmp-lg cs.CL | The Maximum Entropy Modeling Toolkit supports parameter estimation and
prediction for statistical language models in the maximum entropy framework.
The maximum entropy framework provides a constructive method for obtaining the
unique conditional distribution p*(y|x) that satisfies a set of linear
constraints and maxi... |
cmp-lg/9701001 | Exploiting Context to Identify Lexical Atoms -- A Statistical View of
Linguistic Context | cmp-lg cs.CL | Interpretation of natural language is inherently context-sensitive. Most
words in natural language are ambiguous and their meanings are heavily
dependent on the linguistic context in which they are used. The study of
lexical semantics can not be separated from the notion of context. This paper
takes a contextual appr... |
cmp-lg/9701002 | Hybrid language processing in the Spoken Language Translator | cmp-lg cs.CL | The paper presents an overview of the Spoken Language Translator (SLT)
system's hybrid language-processing architecture, focussing on the way in which
rule-based and statistical methods are combined to achieve robust and efficient
performance within a linguistically motivated framework. In general, we argue
that rule... |
cmp-lg/9701003 | Generating Information-Sharing Subdialogues in Expert-User Consultation | cmp-lg cs.CL | In expert-consultation dialogues, it is inevitable that an agent will at
times have insufficient information to determine whether to accept or reject a
proposal by the other agent. This results in the need for the agent to initiate
an information-sharing subdialogue to form a set of shared beliefs within which
the ag... |
cmp-lg/9701004 | An Efficient Implementation of the Head-Corner Parser | cmp-lg cs.CL | This paper describes an efficient and robust implementation of a
bi-directional, head-driven parser for constraint-based grammars. This parser
is developed for the OVIS system: a Dutch spoken dialogue system in which
information about public transport can be obtained by telephone.
After a review of the motivation f... |
cmp-lg/9702001 | SCREEN: Learning a Flat Syntactic and Semantic Spoken Language Analysis
Using Artificial Neural Networks | cmp-lg cs.CL | In this paper, we describe a so-called screening approach for learning robust
processing of spontaneously spoken language. A screening approach is a flat
analysis which uses shallow sequences of category representations for analyzing
an utterance at various syntactic, semantic and dialog levels. Rather than
using a d... |
cmp-lg/9702002 | Automatic Extraction of Subcategorization from Corpora | cmp-lg cs.CL | We describe a novel technique and implemented system for constructing a
subcategorization dictionary from textual corpora. Each dictionary entry
encodes the relative frequency of occurrence of a comprehensive set of
subcategorization classes for English. An initial experiment, on a sample of 14
verbs which exhibit mu... |
cmp-lg/9702003 | A Robust Text Processing Technique Applied to Lexical Error Recovery | cmp-lg cs.CL | This thesis addresses automatic lexical error recovery and tokenization of
corrupt text input. We propose a technique that can automatically correct
misspellings, segmentation errors and real-word errors in a unified framework
that uses both a model of language production and a model of the typing
behavior, and which... |
cmp-lg/9702004 | An Annotation Scheme for Free Word Order Languages | cmp-lg cs.CL | We describe an annotation scheme and a tool developed for creating
linguistically annotated corpora for non-configurational languages. Since the
requirements for such a formalism differ from those posited for configurational
languages, several features have been added, influencing the architecture of
the scheme. The ... |
cmp-lg/9702005 | Software Infrastructure for Natural Language Processing | cmp-lg cs.CL | We classify and review current approaches to software infrastructure for
research, development and delivery of NLP systems. The task is motivated by a
discussion of current trends in the field of NLP and Language Engineering. We
describe a system called GATE (a General Architecture for Text Engineering)
that provides... |
cmp-lg/9702006 | Information Extraction - A User Guide | cmp-lg cs.CL | This technical memo describes Information Extraction from the point-of-view
of a potential user of the technology. No knowledge of language processing is
assumed. Information Extraction is a process which takes unseen texts as input
and produces fixed-format, unambiguous data as output. This data may be used
directly... |
cmp-lg/9702007 | Natural Language Dialogue Service for Appointment Scheduling Agents | cmp-lg cs.CL | Appointment scheduling is a problem faced daily by many individuals and
organizations. Cooperating agent systems have been developed to partially
automate this task. In order to extend the circle of participants as far as
possible we advocate the use of natural language transmitted by e-mail. We
describe COSMA, a ful... |
cmp-lg/9702008 | Sequential Model Selection for Word Sense Disambiguation | cmp-lg cs.CL | Statistical models of word-sense disambiguation are often based on a small
number of contextual features or on a model that is assumed to characterize the
interactions among a set of features. Model selection is presented as an
alternative to these approaches, where a sequential search of possible models
is conducted... |
cmp-lg/9702009 | Fast Statistical Parsing of Noun Phrases for Document Indexing | cmp-lg cs.CL | Information Retrieval (IR) is an important application area of Natural
Language Processing (NLP) where one encounters the genuine challenge of
processing large quantities of unrestricted natural language text. While much
effort has been made to apply NLP techniques to IR, very few NLP techniques
have been evaluated o... |
cmp-lg/9702010 | Selective Sampling of Effective Example Sentence Sets for Word Sense
Disambiguation | cmp-lg cs.CL | This paper proposes an efficient example selection method for example-based
word sense disambiguation systems. To construct a practical size database, a
considerable overhead for manual sense disambiguation is required. Our method
is characterized by the reliance on the notion of the training utility: the
degree to w... |
cmp-lg/9702011 | How much has information technology contributed to linguistics? | cmp-lg cs.CL | Information technology should have much to offer linguistics, not only
through the opportunities offered by large-scale data analysis and the stimulus
to develop formal computational models, but through the chance to use language
in systems for automatic natural language processing. The paper discusses these
possibil... |
cmp-lg/9702012 | Design and Implementation of a Computational Lexicon for Turkish | cmp-lg cs.CL | All natural language processing systems (such as parsers, generators,
taggers) need to have access to a lexicon about the words in the language. This
thesis presents a lexicon architecture for natural language processing in
Turkish. Given a query form consisting of a surface form and other features
acting as restrict... |
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