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cs/0108004
Links tell us about lexical and semantic Web content
cs.IR cs.DL
The latest generation of Web search tools is beginning to exploit hypertext link information to improve ranking\cite{Brin98,Kleinberg98} and crawling\cite{Menczer00,Ben-Shaul99etal,Chakrabarti99} algorithms. The hidden assumption behind such approaches, a correlation between the graph structure of the Web and its con...
cs/0108005
A Bit of Progress in Language Modeling
cs.CL
In the past several years, a number of different language modeling improvements over simple trigram models have been found, including caching, higher-order n-grams, skipping, interpolated Kneser-Ney smoothing, and clustering. We present explorations of variations on, or of the limits of, each of these techniques, inc...
cs/0108006
Classes for Fast Maximum Entropy Training
cs.CL
Maximum entropy models are considered by many to be one of the most promising avenues of language modeling research. Unfortunately, long training times make maximum entropy research difficult. We present a novel speedup technique: we change the form of the model to use classes. Our speedup works by creating two maxim...
cs/0108008
Using Methods of Declarative Logic Programming for Intelligent Information Agents
cs.MA cs.AI
The search for information on the web is faced with several problems, which arise on the one hand from the vast number of available sources, and on the other hand from their heterogeneity. A promising approach is the use of multi-agent systems of information agents, which cooperatively solve advanced information-retr...
cs/0108009
Artificial Neurons with Arbitrarily Complex Internal Structures
cs.NE q-bio.NC
Artificial neurons with arbitrarily complex internal structure are introduced. The neurons can be described in terms of a set of internal variables, a set activation functions which describe the time evolution of these variables and a set of characteristic functions which control how the neurons interact with one ano...
cs/0108011
On Classes of Functions for which No Free Lunch Results Hold
cs.NE math.OC nlin.AO
In a recent paper it was shown that No Free Lunch results hold for any subset F of the set of all possible functions from a finite set X to a finite set Y iff F is closed under permutation of X. In this article, we prove that the number of those subsets can be neglected compared to the overall number of possible subs...
cs/0108013
Convergent Approximate Solving of First-Order Constraints by Approximate Quantifiers
cs.LO cs.AI
Exactly solving first-order constraints (i.e., first-order formulas over a certain predefined structure) can be a very hard, or even undecidable problem. In continuous structures like the real numbers it is promising to compute approximate solutions instead of exact ones. However, the quantifiers of the first-order p...
cs/0108018
Bipartite graph partitioning and data clustering
cs.IR cs.LG
Many data types arising from data mining applications can be modeled as bipartite graphs, examples include terms and documents in a text corpus, customers and purchasing items in market basket analysis and reviewers and movies in a movie recommender system. In this paper, we propose a new data clustering method based...
cs/0108022
Portability of Syntactic Structure for Language Modeling
cs.CL
The paper presents a study on the portability of statistical syntactic knowledge in the framework of the structured language model (SLM). We investigate the impact of porting SLM statistics from the Wall Street Journal (WSJ) to the Air Travel Information System (ATIS) domain. We compare this approach to applying the ...
cs/0108023
Information Extraction Using the Structured Language Model
cs.CL cs.IR
The paper presents a data-driven approach to information extraction (viewed as template filling) using the structured language model (SLM) as a statistical parser. The task of template filling is cast as constrained parsing using the SLM. The model is automatically trained from a set of sentences annotated with frame...
cs/0109006
On Properties of Update Sequences Based on Causal Rejection
cs.AI
We consider an approach to update nonmonotonic knowledge bases represented as extended logic programs under answer set semantics. New information is incorporated into the current knowledge base subject to a causal rejection principle enforcing that, in case of conflicts, more recent rules are preferred and older rule...
cs/0109010
Anaphora and Discourse Structure
cs.CL
We argue in this paper that many common adverbial phrases generally taken to signal a discourse relation between syntactically connected units within discourse structure, instead work anaphorically to contribute relational meaning, with only indirect dependence on discourse structure. This allows a simpler discourse ...
cs/0109013
Conceptual Analysis of Lexical Taxonomies: The Case of WordNet Top-Level
cs.CL cs.IR
In this paper we propose an analysis and an upgrade of WordNet's top-level synset taxonomy. We briefly review WordNet and identify its main semantic limitations. Some principles from a forthcoming OntoClean methodology are applied to the ontological analysis of WordNet. A revised top-level taxonomy is proposed, which...
cs/0109014
Assigning Satisfaction Values to Constraints: An Algorithm to Solve Dynamic Meta-Constraints
cs.PL cs.AI
The model of Dynamic Meta-Constraints has special activity constraints which can activate other constraints. It also has meta-constraints which range over other constraints. An algorithm is presented in which constraints can be assigned one of five different satisfaction values, which leads to the assignment of domai...
cs/0109015
Boosting Trees for Anti-Spam Email Filtering
cs.CL
This paper describes a set of comparative experiments for the problem of automatically filtering unwanted electronic mail messages. Several variants of the AdaBoost algorithm with confidence-rated predictions [Schapire & Singer, 99] have been applied, which differ in the complexity of the base learners considered. Tw...
cs/0109020
Modelling Semantic Association and Conceptual Inheritance for Semantic Analysis
cs.CL
Allowing users to interact through language borders is an interesting challenge for information technology. For the purpose of a computer assisted language learning system, we have chosen icons for representing meaning on the input interface, since icons do not depend on a particular language. However, a key limitati...
cs/0109022
Interactive Timetabling
cs.PL cs.AI
Timetabling is a typical application of constraint programming whose task is to allocate activities to slots in available resources respecting various constraints like precedence and capacity. In this paper we present a basic concept, a constraint model, and the solving algorithms for interactive timetabling. Interac...
cs/0109023
Integrating Multiple Knowledge Sources for Robust Semantic Parsing
cs.CL cs.AI
This work explores a new robust approach for Semantic Parsing of unrestricted texts. Our approach considers Semantic Parsing as a Consistent Labelling Problem (CLP), allowing the integration of several knowledge types (syntactic and semantic) obtained from different sources (linguistic and statistic). The current imp...
cs/0109025
Dynamic Global Constraints: A First View
cs.PL cs.AI
Global constraints proved themselves to be an efficient tool for modelling and solving large-scale real-life combinatorial problems. They encapsulate a set of binary constraints and using global reasoning about this set they filter the domains of involved variables better than arc consistency among the set of binary ...
cs/0109029
Learning class-to-class selectional preferences
cs.CL
Selectional preference learning methods have usually focused on word-to-class relations, e.g., a verb selects as its subject a given nominal class. This papers extends previous statistical models to class-to-class preferences, and presents a model that learns selectional preferences for classes of verbs. The motivati...
cs/0109030
Knowledge Sources for Word Sense Disambiguation
cs.CL
Two kinds of systems have been defined during the long history of WSD: principled systems that define which knowledge types are useful for WSD, and robust systems that use the information sources at hand, such as, dictionaries, light-weight ontologies or hand-tagged corpora. This paper tries to systematize the relati...
cs/0109031
Enriching WordNet concepts with topic signatures
cs.CL
This paper explores the possibility of enriching the content of existing ontologies. The overall goal is to overcome the lack of topical links among concepts in WordNet. Each concept is to be associated to a topic signature, i.e., a set of related words with associated weights. The signatures can be automatically con...
cs/0109034
Relevant Knowledge First - Reinforcement Learning and Forgetting in Knowledge Based Configuration
cs.AI cs.LG
In order to solve complex configuration tasks in technical domains, various knowledge based methods have been developed. However their applicability is often unsuccessful due to their low efficiency. One of the reasons for this is that (parts of the) problems have to be solved again and again, instead of being "learn...
cs/0109039
Testing for Mathematical Lineation in Jim Crace's "Quarantine" and T. S. Eliot's "Four Quartets"
cs.CL
The mathematical distinction between prose and verse may be detected in writings that are not apparently lineated, for example in T. S. Eliot's "Burnt Norton", and Jim Crace's "Quarantine". In this paper we offer comments on appropriate statistical methods for such work, and also on the nature of formal innovation in...
cs/0109040
The Building of BODHI, a Bio-diversity Database System
cs.DB q-bio.PE
We have recently built a database system called BODHI, intended to store plant bio-diversity information. It is based on an object-oriented modeling approach and is developed completely around public-domain software. The unique feature of BODHI is that it seamlessly integrates diverse types of data, including taxonom...
cs/0109042
Intelligent Search of Correlated Alarms from Database containing Noise Data
cs.NI cs.AI
Alarm correlation plays an important role in improving the service and reliability in modern telecommunications networks. Most previous research of alarm correlation didn't consider the effect of noise data in Database. This paper focuses on the method of discovering alarm correlation rules from database containing n...
cs/0109084
The Internet and Community Networks: Case Studies of Five U.S. Cities
cs.DB
This paper looks at five U.S. cities (Austin, Cleveland, Nashville, Portland, and Washington, DC) and explores strategies being employed by community activists and local governments to create and sustain community networking projects. In some cities, community networking initiatives are relatively mature, while in ot...
cs/0109116
Digital Color Imaging
cs.CV cs.GR
This paper surveys current technology and research in the area of digital color imaging. In order to establish the background and lay down terminology, fundamental concepts of color perception and measurement are first presented us-ing vector-space notation and terminology. Present-day color recording and reproductio...
cs/0110003
The temporal calculus of conditional objects and conditional events
cs.AI cs.LO
We consider the problem of defining conditional objects (a|b), which would allow one to regard the conditional probability Pr(a|b) as a probability of a well-defined event rather than as a shorthand for Pr(ab)/Pr(b). The next issue is to define boolean combinations of conditional objects, and possibly also the operat...
cs/0110004
Embedding conditional event algebras into temporal calculus of conditionals
cs.AI cs.LO
In this paper we prove that all the existing conditional event algebras embed into a three-valued extension of temporal logic of discrete past time, which the authors of this paper have proposed in anothe paper as a general model of conditional events. First of all, we discuss the descriptive incompleteness of the ...
cs/0110014
The Open Language Archives Community and Asian Language Resources
cs.CL cs.DL
The Open Language Archives Community (OLAC) is a new project to build a worldwide system of federated language archives based on the Open Archives Initiative and the Dublin Core Metadata Initiative. This paper aims to disseminate the OLAC vision to the language resources community in Asia, and to show language techno...
cs/0110015
Richer Syntactic Dependencies for Structured Language Modeling
cs.CL
The paper investigates the use of richer syntactic dependencies in the structured language model (SLM). We present two simple methods of enriching the dependencies in the syntactic parse trees used for intializing the SLM. We evaluate the impact of both methods on the perplexity (PPL) and word-error-rate(WER, N-best ...
cs/0110020
Structuring Business Metadata in Data Warehouse Systems for Effective Business Support
cs.DB
Large organizations today are being served by different types of data processing and informations systems, ranging from the operational (OLTP) systems, data warehouse systems, to data mining and business intelligence applications. It is important to create an integrated repository of what these systems contain and do...
cs/0110021
Alife Model of Evolutionary Emergence of Purposeful Adaptive Behavior
cs.NE
The process of evolutionary emergence of purposeful adaptive behavior is investigated by means of computer simulations. The model proposed implies that there is an evolving population of simple agents, which have two natural needs: energy and reproduction. Any need is characterized quantitatively by a corresponding m...
cs/0110023
Set Unification
cs.LO cs.AI cs.SC
The unification problem in algebras capable of describing sets has been tackled, directly or indirectly, by many researchers and it finds important applications in various research areas--e.g., deductive databases, theorem proving, static analysis, rapid software prototyping. The various solutions proposed are spread...
cs/0110026
Information retrieval in Current Research Information Systems
cs.IR cs.DL
In this paper we describe the requirements for research information systems and problems which arise in the development of such system. Here is shown which problems could be solved by using of knowledge markup technologies. Ontology for Research Information System offered. Architecture for collecting research data an...
cs/0110027
Part-of-Speech Tagging with Two Sequential Transducers
cs.CL
We present a method of constructing and using a cascade consisting of a left- and a right-sequential finite-state transducer (FST), T1 and T2, for part-of-speech (POS) disambiguation. Compared to an HMM, this FST cascade has the advantage of significantly higher processing speed, but at the cost of slightly lower acc...
cs/0110032
A logic-based approach to data integration
cs.DB cs.AI
An important aspect of data integration involves answering queries using various resources rather than by accessing database relations. The process of transforming a query from the database relations to the resources is often referred to as query folding or answering queries using views, where the views are the resou...
cs/0110036
Efficient algorithms for decision tree cross-validation
cs.LG
Cross-validation is a useful and generally applicable technique often employed in machine learning, including decision tree induction. An important disadvantage of straightforward implementation of the technique is its computational overhead. In this paper we show that, for decision trees, the computational overhead ...
cs/0110041
Towards Solving the Interdisciplinary Language Barrier Problem
cs.CY cs.CL cs.IR
This work aims to make it easier for a specialist in one field to find and explore ideas from another field which may be useful in solving a new problem arising in his practice. It presents a methodology which serves to represent the relationships that exist between concepts, problems, and solution patterns from diff...
cs/0110044
EquiX--A Search and Query Language for XML
cs.DB
EquiX is a search language for XML that combines the power of querying with the simplicity of searching. Requirements for such languages are discussed and it is shown that EquiX meets the necessary criteria. Both a graph-based abstract syntax and a formal concrete syntax are presented for EquiX queries. In addition, ...
cs/0110047
The Expresso Microarray Experiment Management System: The Functional Genomics of Stress Responses in Loblolly Pine
cs.OH cs.CE q-bio.GN
Conception, design, and implementation of cDNA microarray experiments present a variety of bioinformatics challenges for biologists and computational scientists. The multiple stages of data acquisition and analysis have motivated the design of Expresso, a system for microarray experiment management. Salient aspects o...
cs/0110048
Multivariant Branching Prediction, Reflection, and Retrospection
cs.CE cs.DC
In branching simulation, a novel approach to simulation presented in this paper, a multiplicity of plausible scenarios are concurrently developed and implemented. In conventional simulations of complex systems, there arise from time to time uncertainties as to which of two or more alternatives are more likely to be p...
cs/0110050
What is the minimal set of fragments that achieves maximal parse accuracy?
cs.CL
We aim at finding the minimal set of fragments which achieves maximal parse accuracy in Data Oriented Parsing. Experiments with the Penn Wall Street Journal treebank show that counts of almost arbitrary fragments within parse trees are important, leading to improved parse accuracy over previous models tested on this ...
cs/0110051
Combining semantic and syntactic structure for language modeling
cs.CL
Structured language models for speech recognition have been shown to remedy the weaknesses of n-gram models. All current structured language models are, however, limited in that they do not take into account dependencies between non-headwords. We show that non-headword dependencies contribute to significantly improve...
cs/0110052
Mragyati : A System for Keyword-based Searching in Databases
cs.DB
The web, through many search engine sites, has popularized the keyword-based search paradigm, where a user can specify a string of keywords and expect to retrieve relevant documents, possibly ranked by their relevance to the query. Since a lot of information is stored in databases (and not as HTML documents), it is i...
cs/0110053
Machine Learning in Automated Text Categorization
cs.IR cs.LG
The automated categorization (or classification) of texts into predefined categories has witnessed a booming interest in the last ten years, due to the increased availability of documents in digital form and the ensuing need to organize them. In the research community the dominant approach to this problem is based on...
cs/0110055
Analytical solution of transient scalar wave and diffusion problems of arbitrary dimensionality and geometry by RBF wavelet series
cs.NA cs.CE
This study applies the RBF wavelet series to the evaluation of analytical solutions of linear time-dependent wave and diffusion problems of any dimensionality and geometry. To the best of the author's knowledge, such analytical solutions have never been achieved before. The RBF wavelets can be understood an alternati...
cs/0110057
Generating Multilingual Personalized Descriptions of Museum Exhibits - The M-PIRO Project
cs.CL cs.AI
This paper provides an overall presentation of the M-PIRO project. M-PIRO is developing technology that will allow museums to generate automatically textual or spoken descriptions of exhibits for collections available over the Web or in virtual reality environments. The descriptions are generated in several languages...
cs/0110067
Analysis of Investment Policy in Belarus
cs.CE
The optimal planning trajectory is analyzed on the basis of the growth model with effectiveness. The saving per capital value has to be rather high initially with smooth decrement in the future years.
cs/0111003
The Use of Classifiers in Sequential Inference
cs.LG cs.CL
We study the problem of combining the outcomes of several different classifiers in a way that provides a coherent inference that satisfies some constraints. In particular, we develop two general approaches for an important subproblem-identifying phrase structure. The first is a Markovian approach that extends standar...
cs/0111004
The Relational Database Aspects of Argonne's ATLAS Control System
cs.DB
The Relational Database Aspects of Argonnes ATLAS Control System Argonnes ATLAS (Argonne Tandem Linac Accelerator System) control system comprises two separate database concepts. The first is the distributed real-time database structure provided by the commercial product Vsystem [1]. The second is a more static relat...
cs/0111006
Proliferation of SDDS Support for Various Platforms and Languages
cs.DB
Since Self-Describing Data Sets (SDDS) were first introduced, the source code has been ported to many different operating systems and various languages. SDDS is now available in C, Tcl, Java, Fortran, and Python. All of these versions are supported on Solaris, Linux, and Windows. The C version of SDDS is also support...
cs/0111007
Explaining Scenarios for Information Personalization
cs.HC cs.IR
Personalization customizes information access. The PIPE ("Personalization is Partial Evaluation") modeling methodology represents interaction with an information space as a program. The program is then specialized to a user's known interests or information seeking activity by the technique of partial evaluation. In t...
cs/0111012
Intelligent Anticipated Exploration of Web Sites
cs.AI cs.IR
In this paper we describe a web search agent, called Global Search Agent (hereafter GSA for short). GSA integrates and enhances several search techniques in order to achieve significant improvements in the user-perceived quality of delivered information as compared to usual web search engines. GSA features intelligen...
cs/0111015
The SDSS SkyServer, Public Access to the Sloan Digital Sky Server Data
cs.DL cs.DB
The SkyServer provides Internet access to the public Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) data for both astronomers and for science education. This paper describes the SkyServer goals and architecture. It also describes our experience operating the SkyServer on the Internet. The SDSS data is public and well-documented so ...
cs/0111018
Data Acquisition and Database Management System for Samsung Superconductor Test Facility
cs.DB cs.AI
In order to fulfill the test requirement of KSTAR (Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research) superconducting magnet system, a large scale superconducting magnet and conductor test facility, SSTF (Samsung Superconductor Test Facility), has been constructed at Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology. The comput...
cs/0111038
Arc consistency for soft constraints
cs.AI cs.CC cs.DS
The notion of arc consistency plays a central role in constraint satisfaction. It is known that the notion of local consistency can be extended to constraint optimisation problems defined by soft constraint frameworks based on an idempotent cost combination operator. This excludes non idempotent operators such as + w...
cs/0111051
Predicting RNA Secondary Structures with Arbitrary Pseudoknots by Maximizing the Number of Stacking Pairs
cs.CE cs.DS q-bio
The paper investigates the computational problem of predicting RNA secondary structures. The general belief is that allowing pseudoknots makes the problem hard. Existing polynomial-time algorithms are heuristic algorithms with no performance guarantee and can only handle limited types of pseudoknots. In this paper we...
cs/0111054
The similarity metric
cs.CC cond-mat.stat-mech cs.CE cs.CV math.CO math.MG math.ST physics.data-an q-bio.GN stat.TH
A new class of distances appropriate for measuring similarity relations between sequences, say one type of similarity per distance, is studied. We propose a new ``normalized information distance'', based on the noncomputable notion of Kolmogorov complexity, and show that it is in this class and it minorizes every com...
cs/0111058
Bayesian Logic Programs
cs.AI cs.LO
Bayesian networks provide an elegant formalism for representing and reasoning about uncertainty using probability theory. Theyare a probabilistic extension of propositional logic and, hence, inherit some of the limitations of propositional logic, such as the difficulties to represent objects and relations. We introdu...
cs/0111060
Gradient-based Reinforcement Planning in Policy-Search Methods
cs.AI
We introduce a learning method called ``gradient-based reinforcement planning'' (GREP). Unlike traditional DP methods that improve their policy backwards in time, GREP is a gradient-based method that plans ahead and improves its policy before it actually acts in the environment. We derive formulas for the exact polic...
cs/0111063
New RBF collocation methods and kernel RBF with applications
cs.NA cs.CE
A few novel radial basis function (RBF) discretization schemes for partial differential equations are developed in this study. For boundary-type methods, we derive the indirect and direct symmetric boundary knot methods. Based on the multiple reciprocity principle, the boundary particle method is introduced for gener...
cs/0111064
A procedure for unsupervised lexicon learning
cs.CL
We describe an incremental unsupervised procedure to learn words from transcribed continuous speech. The algorithm is based on a conservative and traditional statistical model, and results of empirical tests show that it is competitive with other algorithms that have been proposed recently for this task.
cs/0111065
A Statistical Model for Word Discovery in Transcribed Speech
cs.CL
A statistical model for segmentation and word discovery in continuous speech is presented. An incremental unsupervised learning algorithm to infer word boundaries based on this model is described. Results of empirical tests showing that the algorithm is competitive with other models that have been used for similar ta...
cs/0112003
Using a Support-Vector Machine for Japanese-to-English Translation of Tense, Aspect, and Modality
cs.CL
This paper describes experiments carried out using a variety of machine-learning methods, including the k-nearest neighborhood method that was used in a previous study, for the translation of tense, aspect, and modality. It was found that the support-vector machine method was the most precise of all the methods teste...
cs/0112004
Part of Speech Tagging in Thai Language Using Support Vector Machine
cs.CL
The elastic-input neuro tagger and hybrid tagger, combined with a neural network and Brill's error-driven learning, have already been proposed for the purpose of constructing a practical tagger using as little training data as possible. When a small Thai corpus is used for training, these taggers have tagging accurac...
cs/0112005
Universal Model for Paraphrasing -- Using Transformation Based on a Defined Criteria --
cs.CL
This paper describes a universal model for paraphrasing that transforms according to defined criteria. We showed that by using different criteria we could construct different kinds of paraphrasing systems including one for answering questions, one for compressing sentences, one for polishing up, and one for transform...
cs/0112006
A Logic Programming Approach to Knowledge-State Planning: Semantics and Complexity
cs.AI cs.LO
We propose a new declarative planning language, called K, which is based on principles and methods of logic programming. In this language, transitions between states of knowledge can be described, rather than transitions between completely described states of the world, which makes the language well-suited for planni...
cs/0112007
A Tight Upper Bound on the Number of Candidate Patterns
cs.DB cs.AI
In the context of mining for frequent patterns using the standard levelwise algorithm, the following question arises: given the current level and the current set of frequent patterns, what is the maximal number of candidate patterns that can be generated on the next level? We answer this question by providing a tight...
cs/0112008
Representation of Uncertainty for Limit Processes
cs.AI cs.NA
Many mathematical models utilize limit processes. Continuous functions and the calculus, differential equations and topology, all are based on limits and continuity. However, when we perform measurements and computations, we can achieve only approximate results. In some cases, this discrepancy between theoretical sch...
cs/0112009
DNA Self-Assembly For Constructing 3D Boxes
cs.CC cs.CE
We propose a mathematical model of DNA self-assembly using 2D tiles to form 3D nanostructures. This is the first work to combine studies in self-assembly and nanotechnology in 3D, just as Rothemund and Winfree did in the 2D case. Our model is a more precise superset of their Tile Assembly Model that facilitates build...
cs/0112010
A Straightforward Approach to Morphological Analysis and Synthesis
cs.CL cs.DS
In this paper we present a lexicon-based approach to the problem of morphological processing. Full-form words, lemmas and grammatical tags are interconnected in a DAWG. Thus, the process of analysis/synthesis is reduced to a search in the graph, which is very fast and can be performed even if several pieces of inform...
cs/0112011
Interactive Constrained Association Rule Mining
cs.DB cs.AI
We investigate ways to support interactive mining sessions, in the setting of association rule mining. In such sessions, users specify conditions (queries) on the associations to be generated. Our approach is a combination of the integration of querying conditions inside the mining phase, and the incremental querying...
cs/0112013
A Data Mining Framework for Optimal Product Selection in Retail Supermarket Data: The Generalized PROFSET Model
cs.DB cs.AI
In recent years, data mining researchers have developed efficient association rule algorithms for retail market basket analysis. Still, retailers often complain about how to adopt association rules to optimize concrete retail marketing-mix decisions. It is in this context that, in a previous paper, the authors have i...
cs/0112015
Rational Competitive Analysis
cs.AI
Much work in computer science has adopted competitive analysis as a tool for decision making under uncertainty. In this work we extend competitive analysis to the context of multi-agent systems. Unlike classical competitive analysis where the behavior of an agent's environment is taken to be arbitrary, we consider th...
cs/0112018
Fast Context-Free Grammar Parsing Requires Fast Boolean Matrix Multiplication
cs.CL cs.DS
In 1975, Valiant showed that Boolean matrix multiplication can be used for parsing context-free grammars (CFGs), yielding the asympotically fastest (although not practical) CFG parsing algorithm known. We prove a dual result: any CFG parser with time complexity $O(g n^{3 - \epsilson})$, where $g$ is the size of the g...
cs/0112019
Distribution of Mutual Information
cs.AI cs.IT math.IT math.ST stat.TH
The mutual information of two random variables i and j with joint probabilities t_ij is commonly used in learning Bayesian nets as well as in many other fields. The chances t_ij are usually estimated by the empirical sampling frequency n_ij/n leading to a point estimate I(n_ij/n) for the mutual information. To answer...
cs/0201002
Incremental Construction of Compact Acyclic NFAs
cs.DS cs.CL
This paper presents and analyzes an incremental algorithm for the construction of Acyclic Non-deterministic Finite-state Automata (NFA). Automata of this type are quite useful in computational linguistics, especially for storing lexicons. The proposed algorithm produces compact NFAs, i.e. NFAs that do not contain equ...
cs/0201005
Sharpening Occam's Razor
cs.LG cond-mat.dis-nn cs.AI cs.CC math.PR physics.data-an
We provide a new representation-independent formulation of Occam's razor theorem, based on Kolmogorov complexity. This new formulation allows us to: (i) Obtain better sample complexity than both length-based and VC-based versions of Occam's razor theorem, in many applications. (ii) Achieve a sharper reverse of Oc...
cs/0201008
Using Tree Automata and Regular Expressions to Manipulate Hierarchically Structured Data
cs.CL cs.DS
Information, stored or transmitted in digital form, is often structured. Individual data records are usually represented as hierarchies of their elements. Together, records form larger structures. Information processing applications have to take account of this structuring, which assigns different semantics to differ...
cs/0201009
The performance of the batch learner algorithm
cs.LG cs.DM
We analyze completely the convergence speed of the \emph{batch learning algorithm}, and compare its speed to that of the memoryless learning algorithm and of learning with memory. We show that the batch learning algorithm is never worse than the memoryless learning algorithm (at least asymptotically). Its performance...
cs/0201013
Computing Preferred Answer Sets by Meta-Interpretation in Answer Set Programming
cs.LO cs.AI
Most recently, Answer Set Programming (ASP) is attracting interest as a new paradigm for problem solving. An important aspect which needs to be supported is the handling of preferences between rules, for which several approaches have been presented. In this paper, we consider the problem of implementing preference ha...
cs/0201014
The Dynamics of AdaBoost Weights Tells You What's Hard to Classify
cs.LG cs.DS
The dynamical evolution of weights in the Adaboost algorithm contains useful information about the role that the associated data points play in the built of the Adaboost model. In particular, the dynamics induces a bipartition of the data set into two (easy/hard) classes. Easy points are ininfluential in the making o...
cs/0201016
A computer scientist looks at game theory
cs.GT cs.DC cs.MA
I consider issues in distributed computation that should be of relevance to game theory. In particular, I focus on (a) representing knowledge and uncertainty, (b) dealing with failures, and (c) specification of mechanisms.
cs/0201017
Collusion in Unrepeated, First-Price Auctions with an Uncertain Number of Participants
cs.GT cs.AI
We consider the question of whether collusion among bidders (a "bidding ring") can be supported in equilibrium of unrepeated first-price auctions. Unlike previous work on the topic such as that by McAfee and McMillan [1992] and Marshall and Marx [2007], we do not assume that non-colluding agents have perfect knowledg...
cs/0201019
Structure from Motion: Theoretical Foundations of a Novel Approach Using Custom Built Invariants
cs.CV math.DG
We rephrase the problem of 3D reconstruction from images in terms of intersections of projections of orbits of custom built Lie groups actions. We then use an algorithmic method based on moving frames "a la Fels-Olver" to obtain a fundamental set of invariants of these groups actions. The invariants are used to defin...
cs/0201020
A Modal Logic Framework for Multi-agent Belief Fusion
cs.AI cs.LO
This paper is aimed at providing a uniform framework for reasoning about beliefs of multiple agents and their fusion. In the first part of the paper, we develop logics for reasoning about cautiously merged beliefs of agents with different degrees of reliability. The logics are obtained by combining the multi-agent ep...
cs/0201021
Learning to Play Games in Extensive Form by Valuation
cs.LG cs.GT
A valuation for a player in a game in extensive form is an assignment of numeric values to the players moves. The valuation reflects the desirability moves. We assume a myopic player, who chooses a move with the highest valuation. Valuations can also be revised, and hopefully improved, after each play of the game. He...
cs/0201022
A theory of experiment
cs.AI
This article aims at clarifying the language and practice of scientific experiment, mainly by hooking observability on calculability.
cs/0201024
Design of statistical quality control procedures using genetic algorithms
cs.NE
In general, we can not use algebraic or enumerative methods to optimize a quality control (QC) procedure so as to detect the critical random and systematic analytical errors with stated probabilities, while the probability for false rejection is minimum. Genetic algorithms (GAs) offer an alternative, as they do not r...
cs/0201026
An Empirical Model for Volatility of Returns and Option Pricing
cs.CE
In a seminal paper in 1973, Black and Scholes argued how expected distributions of stock prices can be used to price options. Their model assumed a directed random motion for the returns and consequently a lognormal distribution of asset prices after a finite time. We point out two problems with their formulation. Fi...
cs/0202001
The Deductive Database System LDL++
cs.DB cs.AI
This paper describes the LDL++ system and the research advances that have enabled its design and development. We begin by discussing the new nonmonotonic and nondeterministic constructs that extend the functionality of the LDL++ language, while preserving its model-theoretic and fixpoint semantics. Then, we describe ...
cs/0202004
A Qualitative Dynamical Modelling Approach to Capital Accumulation in Unregulated Fisheries
cs.AI cs.CE
Capital accumulation has been a major issue in fisheries economics over the last two decades, whereby the interaction of the fish and capital stocks were of particular interest. Because bio-economic systems are intrinsically complex, previous efforts in this field have relied on a variety of simplifying assumptions. ...
cs/0202005
Secure History Preservation Through Timeline Entanglement
cs.DC cs.CR cs.DB cs.DS
A secure timeline is a tamper-evident historic record of the states through which a system goes throughout its operational history. Secure timelines can help us reason about the temporal ordering of system states in a provable manner. We extend secure timelines to encompass multiple, mutually distrustful services, us...
cs/0202007
Steady State Resource Allocation Analysis of the Stochastic Diffusion Search
cs.AI cs.NE
This article presents the long-term behaviour analysis of Stochastic Diffusion Search (SDS), a distributed agent-based system for best-fit pattern matching. SDS operates by allocating simple agents into different regions of the search space. Agents independently pose hypotheses about the presence of the pattern in th...
cs/0202009
Non-negative sparse coding
cs.NE cs.CV
Non-negative sparse coding is a method for decomposing multivariate data into non-negative sparse components. In this paper we briefly describe the motivation behind this type of data representation and its relation to standard sparse coding and non-negative matrix factorization. We then give a simple yet efficient m...
cs/0202012
Logic program specialisation through partial deduction: Control issues
cs.PL cs.AI
Program specialisation aims at improving the overall performance of programs by performing source to source transformations. A common approach within functional and logic programming, known respectively as partial evaluation and partial deduction, is to exploit partial knowledge about the input. It is achieved throug...
cs/0202013
The SDSS SkyServer: Public Access to the Sloan Digital Sky Server Data
cs.DL cs.DB
The SkyServer provides Internet access to the public Sloan Digi-tal Sky Survey (SDSS) data for both astronomers and for science education. This paper describes the SkyServer goals and archi-tecture. It also describes our experience operating the SkyServer on the Internet. The SDSS data is public and well-documented s...
cs/0202014
Data Mining the SDSS SkyServer Database
cs.DB cs.DL
An earlier paper (Szalay et. al. "Designing and Mining MultiTerabyte Astronomy Archives: The Sloan Digital Sky Survey," ACM SIGMOD 2000) described the Sloan Digital Sky Survey's (SDSS) data management needs by defining twenty database queries and twelve data visualization tasks that a good data management system shou...