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2411.10091
AI and the Future of Work in Africa White Paper
[ "cs.HC", "cs.AI" ]
This white paper is the output of a multidisciplinary workshop in Nairobi (Nov 2023). Led by a cross-organisational team including Microsoft Research, NEPAD, Lelapa AI, and University of Oxford. The workshop brought together diverse thought-leaders from various sectors and backgrounds to discuss the implications of Gen...
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2411.10096
Neural Port-Hamiltonian Models for Nonlinear Distributed Control: An Unconstrained Parametrization Approach
[ "eess.SY", "cs.LG", "cs.SY" ]
The control of large-scale cyber-physical systems requires optimal distributed policies relying solely on limited communication with neighboring agents. However, computing stabilizing controllers for nonlinear systems while optimizing complex costs remains a significant challenge. Neural Networks (NNs), known for their...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 1, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 1 }
2411.10100
Multi-Task Adversarial Variational Autoencoder for Estimating Biological Brain Age with Multimodal Neuroimaging
[ "cs.CV", "cs.AI" ]
Despite advances in deep learning for estimating brain age from structural MRI data, incorporating functional MRI data is challenging due to its complex structure and the noisy nature of functional connectivity measurements. To address this, we present the Multitask Adversarial Variational Autoencoder, a custom deep le...
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2411.10101
Recent Advances on Machine Learning-aided DSP for Short-reach and Long-haul Optical Communications
[ "eess.SP", "cs.LG" ]
In this paper, we highlight recent advances in the use of machine learning for implementing equalizers for optical communications. We highlight both algorithmic advances as well as implementation aspects using conventional and neuromorphic hardware.
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2411.10108
Identifying Key Drivers of Heatwaves: A Novel Spatio-Temporal Framework for Extreme Event Detection
[ "physics.ao-ph", "cs.AI" ]
Heatwaves (HWs) are extreme atmospheric events that produce significant societal and environmental impacts. Predicting these extreme events remains challenging, as their complex interactions with large-scale atmospheric and climatic variables are difficult to capture with traditional statistical and dynamical models. T...
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2411.10109
Generative Agent Simulations of 1,000 People
[ "cs.AI", "cs.HC", "cs.LG" ]
The promise of human behavioral simulation--general-purpose computational agents that replicate human behavior across domains--could enable broad applications in policymaking and social science. We present a novel agent architecture that simulates the attitudes and behaviors of 1,052 real individuals--applying large la...
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2411.10115
Memorization in Attention-only Transformers
[ "cs.AI", "cs.CL" ]
Recent research has explored the memorization capacity of multi-head attention, but these findings are constrained by unrealistic limitations on the context size. We present a novel proof for language-based Transformers that extends the current hypothesis to any context size. Our approach improves upon the state-of-the...
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2411.10125
Energy-GNoME: A Living Database of Selected Materials for Energy Applications
[ "cond-mat.mtrl-sci", "cond-mat.other", "cs.LG" ]
Artificial Intelligence (AI) in materials science is driving significant advancements in the discovery of advanced materials for energy applications. The recent GNoME protocol identifies over 380,000 novel stable crystals. From this, we identify over 33,000 materials with potential as energy materials forming the Energ...
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2411.10128
On the Universal Statistical Consistency of Expansive Hyperbolic Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
[ "stat.ML", "cs.LG" ]
The emergence of Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNNs) has been a pervasive tool for accomplishing widespread applications in computer vision. Despite its potential capability to capture intricate patterns inside the data, the underlying embedding space remains Euclidean and primarily pursues contractive convoluti...
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2411.10129
Prompting and Fine-tuning Large Language Models for Automated Code Review Comment Generation
[ "cs.SE", "cs.CL", "cs.LG" ]
Generating accurate code review comments remains a significant challenge due to the inherently diverse and non-unique nature of the task output. Large language models pretrained on both programming and natural language data tend to perform well in code-oriented tasks. However, large-scale pretraining is not always feas...
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2411.10130
Towards Multi-View Consistent Style Transfer with One-Step Diffusion via Vision Conditioning
[ "cs.CV" ]
The stylization of 3D scenes is an increasingly attractive topic in 3D vision. Although image style transfer has been extensively researched with promising results, directly applying 2D style transfer methods to 3D scenes often fails to preserve the structural and multi-view properties of 3D environments, resulting in ...
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2411.10133
Efficient Density Control for 3D Gaussian Splatting
[ "cs.CV" ]
3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) excels in novel view synthesis, balancing advanced rendering quality with real-time performance. However, in trained scenes, a large number of Gaussians with low opacity significantly increase rendering costs. This issue arises due to flaws in the split and clone operations during the densi...
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2411.10136
CoSAM: Self-Correcting SAM for Domain Generalization in 2D Medical Image Segmentation
[ "cs.CV" ]
Medical images often exhibit distribution shifts due to variations in imaging protocols and scanners across different medical centers. Domain Generalization (DG) methods aim to train models on source domains that can generalize to unseen target domains. Recently, the segment anything model (SAM) has demonstrated strong...
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2411.10137
Legal Evalutions and Challenges of Large Language Models
[ "cs.CL", "cs.AI" ]
In this paper, we review legal testing methods based on Large Language Models (LLMs), using the OPENAI o1 model as a case study to evaluate the performance of large models in applying legal provisions. We compare current state-of-the-art LLMs, including open-source, closed-source, and legal-specific models trained spec...
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2411.10141
Matrix-Valued LogSumExp Approximation for Colour Morphology
[ "cs.CV" ]
Mathematical morphology is a part of image processing that uses a window that moves across the image to change certain pixels according to certain operations. The concepts of supremum and infimum play a crucial role here, but it proves challenging to define them generally for higher-dimensional data, such as colour rep...
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2411.10144
DaYu: Data-Driven Model for Geostationary Satellite Observed Cloud Images Forecasting
[ "physics.ao-ph", "cs.LG" ]
In the past few years, Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based weather forecasting methods have widely demonstrated strong competitiveness among the weather forecasting systems. However, these methods are insufficient for high-spatial-resolution short-term nowcasting within 6 hours, which is crucial for warning short-durati...
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2411.10145
An Effective Framework to Help Large Language Models Handle Numeric-involved Long-context Tasks
[ "cs.CL" ]
Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in handling long texts and have almost perfect performance in traditional retrieval tasks. However, their performance significantly degrades when it comes to numerical calculations in the long-context. Numeric-involved long-context tasks typically c...
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2411.10148
Multi-UAV Search and Rescue in Wilderness Using Smart Agent-Based Probability Models
[ "cs.RO", "cs.MA" ]
The application of Multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (Multi-UAV) in Wilderness Search and Rescue (WiSAR) significantly enhances mission success due to their rapid coverage of search areas from high altitudes and their adaptability to complex terrains. This capability is particularly crucial because time is a critical f...
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2411.10150
Outliers resistant image classification by anomaly detection
[ "cs.CV" ]
Various technologies, including computer vision models, are employed for the automatic monitoring of manual assembly processes in production. These models detect and classify events such as the presence of components in an assembly area or the connection of components. A major challenge with detection and classificatio...
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2411.10152
Causal Time-Series Synchronization for Multi-Dimensional Forecasting
[ "cs.LG", "cs.AI" ]
The process industry's high expectations for Digital Twins require modeling approaches that can generalize across tasks and diverse domains with potentially different data dimensions and distributional shifts i.e., Foundational Models. Despite success in natural language processing and computer vision, transfer learnin...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 1, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 1, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2411.10153
BONE: a unifying framework for Bayesian online learning in non-stationary environments
[ "stat.ML", "cs.LG" ]
We propose a unifying framework for methods that perform Bayesian online learning in non-stationary environments. We call the framework BONE, which stands for (B)ayesian (O)nline learning in (N)on-stationary (E)nvironments. BONE provides a common structure to tackle a variety of problems, including online continual lea...
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2411.10154
Continuous Bayesian Model Selection for Multivariate Causal Discovery
[ "stat.ML", "cs.LG" ]
Current causal discovery approaches require restrictive model assumptions or assume access to interventional data to ensure structure identifiability. These assumptions often do not hold in real-world applications leading to a loss of guarantees and poor accuracy in practice. Recent work has shown that, in the bivariat...
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2411.10156
Mitigating Sycophancy in Decoder-Only Transformer Architectures: Synthetic Data Intervention
[ "cs.AI" ]
To address the sycophancy problem caused by reinforcement learning from human feedback in large language models, this research applies synthetic data intervention technology to the decoder-only transformer architecture. Based on the research gaps in the existing literature, the researcher designed an experimental proce...
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2411.10161
SEAGULL: No-reference Image Quality Assessment for Regions of Interest via Vision-Language Instruction Tuning
[ "cs.CV" ]
Existing Image Quality Assessment (IQA) methods achieve remarkable success in analyzing quality for overall image, but few works explore quality analysis for Regions of Interest (ROIs). The quality analysis of ROIs can provide fine-grained guidance for image quality improvement and is crucial for scenarios focusing on ...
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2411.10163
Compound-QA: A Benchmark for Evaluating LLMs on Compound Questions
[ "cs.CL" ]
Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable performance across various tasks, prompting researchers to develop diverse evaluation benchmarks. However, existing benchmarks typically measure the ability of LLMs to respond to individual questions, neglecting the complex interactions in real-world applications. In ...
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2411.10164
Evaluating Text-to-Image Diffusion Models for Texturing Synthetic Data
[ "cs.RO" ]
Building generic robotic manipulation systems often requires large amounts of real-world data, which can be dificult to collect. Synthetic data generation offers a promising alternative, but limiting the sim-to-real gap requires significant engineering efforts. To reduce this engineering effort, we investigate the use ...
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2411.10166
Two-Stage Robust Optimal Operation of Distribution Networks using Confidence Level Based Distributionally Information Gap Decision
[ "eess.SY", "cs.SY" ]
This paper presents a confidence level-based distributionally information gap decision theory (CL-DIGDT) framework for the two-stage robust optimal operation of distribution networks, aiming at deriving an optimal operational scheme capable of addressing uncertainties related to renewable energy and load demands. Build...
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2411.10168
Evaluating the role of `Constitutions' for learning from AI feedback
[ "cs.AI", "cs.CL" ]
The growing capabilities of large language models (LLMs) have led to their use as substitutes for human feedback for training and assessing other LLMs. These methods often rely on `constitutions', written guidelines which a critic model uses to provide feedback and improve generations. We investigate how the choice of ...
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2411.10170
Better Safe Than Sorry: Enhancing Arbitration Graphs for Safe and Robust Autonomous Decision-Making
[ "cs.RO" ]
This paper introduces an extension to the arbitration graph framework designed to enhance the safety and robustness of autonomous systems in complex, dynamic environments. Building on the flexibility and scalability of arbitration graphs, the proposed method incorporates a verification step and structured fallback laye...
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2411.10171
Imagine-2-Drive: High-Fidelity World Modeling in CARLA for Autonomous Vehicles
[ "cs.RO", "cs.AI" ]
In autonomous driving with image based state space, accurate prediction of future events and modeling diverse behavioral modes are essential for safety and effective decision-making. World model-based Reinforcement Learning (WMRL) approaches offers a promising solution by simulating future states from current state and...
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2411.10172
Increasing the Accessibility of Causal Domain Knowledge via Causal Information Extraction Methods: A Case Study in the Semiconductor Manufacturing Industry
[ "cs.CL", "cs.AI" ]
The extraction of causal information from textual data is crucial in the industry for identifying and mitigating potential failures, enhancing process efficiency, prompting quality improvements, and addressing various operational challenges. This paper presents a study on the development of automated methods for causal...
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2411.10173
Semantics and Spatiality of Emergent Communication
[ "cs.AI", "cs.MA" ]
When artificial agents are jointly trained to perform collaborative tasks using a communication channel, they develop opaque goal-oriented communication protocols. Good task performance is often considered sufficient evidence that meaningful communication is taking place, but existing empirical results show that commun...
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2411.10174
A Hard-Label Cryptanalytic Extraction of Non-Fully Connected Deep Neural Networks using Side-Channel Attacks
[ "cs.CR", "cs.AI" ]
During the past decade, Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) proved their value on a large variety of subjects. However despite their high value and public accessibility, the protection of the intellectual property of DNNs is still an issue and an emerging research field. Recent works have successfully extracted fully-connected...
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2411.10175
The Surprising Ineffectiveness of Pre-Trained Visual Representations for Model-Based Reinforcement Learning
[ "cs.LG", "cs.AI", "cs.CV" ]
Visual Reinforcement Learning (RL) methods often require extensive amounts of data. As opposed to model-free RL, model-based RL (MBRL) offers a potential solution with efficient data utilization through planning. Additionally, RL lacks generalization capabilities for real-world tasks. Prior work has shown that incorpor...
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2411.10176
Let people fail! Exploring the influence of explainable virtual and robotic agents in learning-by-doing tasks
[ "cs.AI", "cs.HC", "cs.RO" ]
Collaborative decision-making with artificial intelligence (AI) agents presents opportunities and challenges. While human-AI performance often surpasses that of individuals, the impact of such technology on human behavior remains insufficiently understood, primarily when AI agents can provide justifiable explanations f...
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2411.10179
Explicit constructions of optimal blocking sets and minimal codes
[ "math.CO", "cs.IT", "math.IT" ]
A strong $s$-blocking set in a projective space is a set of points that intersects each codimension-$s$ subspace in a spanning set of the subspace. We present an explicit construction of such sets in a $(k - 1)$-dimensional projective space over $\mathbb{F}_q$ of size $O_s(q^s k)$, which is optimal up to the constant f...
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2411.10180
CART: Compositional Auto-Regressive Transformer for Image Generation
[ "cs.CV", "cs.LG" ]
In recent years, image synthesis has achieved remarkable advancements, enabling diverse applications in content creation, virtual reality, and beyond. We introduce a novel approach to image generation using Auto-Regressive (AR) modeling, which leverages a next-detail prediction strategy for enhanced fidelity and scalab...
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2411.10183
Visual question answering based evaluation metrics for text-to-image generation
[ "cs.CV" ]
Text-to-image generation and text-guided image manipulation have received considerable attention in the field of image generation tasks. However, the mainstream evaluation methods for these tasks have difficulty in evaluating whether all the information from the input text is accurately reflected in the generated image...
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2411.10184
Agentic LLMs in the Supply Chain: Towards Autonomous Multi-Agent Consensus-Seeking
[ "cs.AI" ]
This paper explores how Large Language Models (LLMs) can automate consensus-seeking in supply chain management (SCM), where frequent decisions on problems such as inventory levels and delivery times require coordination among companies. Traditional SCM relies on human consensus in decision-making to avoid emergent prob...
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2411.10185
Efficient Progressive Image Compression with Variance-aware Masking
[ "cs.CV" ]
Learned progressive image compression is gaining momentum as it allows improved image reconstruction as more bits are decoded at the receiver. We propose a progressive image compression method in which an image is first represented as a pair of base-quality and top-quality latent representations. Next, a residual laten...
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2411.10187
Try-On-Adapter: A Simple and Flexible Try-On Paradigm
[ "cs.CV" ]
Image-based virtual try-on, widely used in online shopping, aims to generate images of a naturally dressed person conditioned on certain garments, providing significant research and commercial potential. A key challenge of try-on is to generate realistic images of the model wearing the garments while preserving the det...
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2411.10189
NeISF++: Neural Incident Stokes Field for Polarized Inverse Rendering of Conductors and Dielectrics
[ "cs.CV" ]
Recent inverse rendering methods have greatly improved shape, material, and illumination reconstruction by utilizing polarization cues. However, existing methods only support dielectrics, ignoring conductors that are found everywhere in life. Since conductors and dielectrics have different reflection properties, using ...
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2411.10191
FengWu-W2S: A deep learning model for seamless weather-to-subseasonal forecast of global atmosphere
[ "cs.LG", "cs.AI", "physics.ao-ph" ]
Seamless forecasting that produces warning information at continuum timescales based on only one system is a long-standing pursuit for weather-climate service. While the rapid advancement of deep learning has induced revolutionary changes in classical forecasting field, current efforts are still focused on building sep...
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2411.10193
DiMoDif: Discourse Modality-information Differentiation for Audio-visual Deepfake Detection and Localization
[ "cs.CV" ]
Deepfake technology has rapidly advanced, posing significant threats to information integrity and societal trust. While significant progress has been made in detecting deepfakes, the simultaneous manipulation of audio and visual modalities, sometimes at small parts but still altering the meaning, presents a more challe...
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2411.10195
BEV-ODOM: Reducing Scale Drift in Monocular Visual Odometry with BEV Representation
[ "cs.RO" ]
Monocular visual odometry (MVO) is vital in autonomous navigation and robotics, providing a cost-effective and flexible motion tracking solution, but the inherent scale ambiguity in monocular setups often leads to cumulative errors over time. In this paper, we present BEV-ODOM, a novel MVO framework leveraging the Bird...
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2411.10197
A logic for reasoning with inconsistent knowledge -- A reformulation using nowadays terminology (2024)
[ "cs.AI" ]
In many situations humans have to reason with inconsistent knowledge. These inconsistencies may occur due to not fully reliable sources of information. In order to reason with inconsistent knowledge, it is not possible to view a set of premisses as absolute truths as is done in predicate logic. Viewing the set of premi...
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2411.10198
STLight: a Fully Convolutional Approach for Efficient Predictive Learning by Spatio-Temporal joint Processing
[ "cs.CV" ]
Spatio-Temporal predictive Learning is a self-supervised learning paradigm that enables models to identify spatial and temporal patterns by predicting future frames based on past frames. Traditional methods, which use recurrent neural networks to capture temporal patterns, have proven their effectiveness but come with ...
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2411.10200
Block based Adaptive Compressive Sensing with Sampling Rate Control
[ "cs.CV" ]
Compressive sensing (CS), acquiring and reconstructing signals below the Nyquist rate, has great potential in image and video acquisition to exploit data redundancy and greatly reduce the amount of sampled data. To further reduce the sampled data while keeping the video quality, this paper explores the temporal redunda...
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2411.10203
Learning Generalizable 3D Manipulation With 10 Demonstrations
[ "cs.CV", "cs.RO" ]
Learning robust and generalizable manipulation skills from demonstrations remains a key challenge in robotics, with broad applications in industrial automation and service robotics. While recent imitation learning methods have achieved impressive results, they often require large amounts of demonstration data and strug...
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2411.10204
Fused Gromov-Wasserstein Variance Decomposition with Linear Optimal Transport
[ "stat.ME", "cs.LG" ]
Wasserstein distances form a family of metrics on spaces of probability measures that have recently seen many applications. However, statistical analysis in these spaces is complex due to the nonlinearity of Wasserstein spaces. One potential solution to this problem is Linear Optimal Transport (LOT). This method allows...
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2411.10212
Embedding Byzantine Fault Tolerance into Federated Learning via Virtual Data-Driven Consistency Scoring Plugin
[ "cs.LG" ]
Given sufficient data from multiple edge devices, federated learning (FL) enables training a shared model without transmitting private data to a central server. However, FL is generally vulnerable to Byzantine attacks from compromised edge devices, which can significantly degrade the model performance. In this paper, w...
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2411.10213
An Empirical Study on LLM-based Agents for Automated Bug Fixing
[ "cs.SE", "cs.AI" ]
Large language models (LLMs) and LLM-based Agents have been applied to fix bugs automatically, demonstrating the capability in addressing software defects by engaging in development environment interaction, iterative validation and code modification. However, systematic analysis of these agent and non-agent systems rem...
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2411.10214
Machine Learning Algorithms to Assess Site Closure Time Frames for Soil and Groundwater Contamination
[ "cs.LG", "cs.NA", "math.NA" ]
Monitored Natural Attenuation (MNA) is gaining prominence as an effective method for managing soil and groundwater contamination due to its cost-efficiency and minimal environmental disruption. Despite its benefits, MNA necessitates extensive groundwater monitoring to ensure that contaminant levels decrease to meet saf...
{ "Other": 1, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 1, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2411.10224
MCL: Multi-view Enhanced Contrastive Learning for Chest X-ray Report Generation
[ "cs.CV", "cs.AI" ]
Radiology reports are crucial for planning treatment strategies and enhancing doctor-patient communication, yet manually writing these reports is burdensome for radiologists. While automatic report generation offers a solution, existing methods often rely on single-view radiographs, limiting diagnostic accuracy. To add...
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2411.10227
Entropy and type-token ratio in gigaword corpora
[ "cs.CL", "cs.IR", "physics.soc-ph" ]
Lexical diversity measures the vocabulary variation in texts. While its utility is evident for analyses in language change and applied linguistics, it is not yet clear how to operationalize this concept in a unique way. We here investigate entropy and text-token ratio, two widely employed metrics for lexical diversitie...
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2411.10228
Path Assignment in Mesh Networks at the Edge of Wireless Networks
[ "cs.NI", "cs.IT", "math.IT" ]
We consider a mesh network at the edge of a wireless network that connects users with the core network via multiple base stations. For this scenario we present a novel tree-search based algorithm that determines the optimal communication path to the core network for each user by maximizing the signal-to-noise-plus-inte...
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2411.10229
Optimally Rewriting Formulas and Database Queries: A Confluence of Term Rewriting, Structural Decomposition, and Complexity
[ "cs.LO", "cs.DB" ]
A central computational task in database theory, finite model theory, and computer science at large is the evaluation of a first-order sentence on a finite structure. In the context of this task, the \emph{width} of a sentence, defined as the maximum number of free variables over all subformulas, has been established a...
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2411.10231
A Low-Resolution Image is Worth 1x1 Words: Enabling Fine Image Super-Resolution with Transformers and TaylorShift
[ "cs.CV", "cs.AI", "cs.LG", "cs.MM" ]
Transformer-based Super-Resolution (SR) models have recently advanced image reconstruction quality, yet challenges remain due to computational complexity and an over-reliance on large patch sizes, which constrain fine-grained detail enhancement. In this work, we propose TaylorIR to address these limitations by utilizin...
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2411.10232
ColorEdit: Training-free Image-Guided Color editing with diffusion model
[ "cs.CV", "cs.AI" ]
Text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models, with their impressive generative capabilities, have been adopted for image editing tasks, demonstrating remarkable efficacy. However, due to attention leakage and collision between the cross-attention map of the object and the new color attribute from the text prompt, text-guided i...
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2411.10234
Generative AI in Multimodal User Interfaces: Trends, Challenges, and Cross-Platform Adaptability
[ "cs.HC", "cs.AI" ]
As the boundaries of human computer interaction expand, Generative AI emerges as a key driver in reshaping user interfaces, introducing new possibilities for personalized, multimodal and cross-platform interactions. This integration reflects a growing demand for more adaptive and intuitive user interfaces that can acco...
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2411.10237
ScribbleVS: Scribble-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation via Dynamic Competitive Pseudo Label Selection
[ "cs.CV" ]
In clinical medicine, precise image segmentation can provide substantial support to clinicians. However, achieving such precision often requires a large amount of finely annotated data, which can be costly. Scribble annotation presents a more efficient alternative, boosting labeling efficiency. However, utilizing such ...
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2411.10240
Efficient Neural Hybrid System Learning and Transition System Abstraction for Dynamical Systems
[ "eess.SY", "cs.LG", "cs.SY" ]
This paper proposes a neural network hybrid modeling framework for dynamics learning to promote an interpretable, computationally efficient way of dynamics learning and system identification. First, a low-level model will be trained to learn the system dynamics, which utilizes multiple simple neural networks to approxi...
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2411.10242
Measuring Non-Adversarial Reproduction of Training Data in Large Language Models
[ "cs.CL", "cs.LG" ]
Large language models memorize parts of their training data. Memorizing short snippets and facts is required to answer questions about the world and to be fluent in any language. But models have also been shown to reproduce long verbatim sequences of memorized text when prompted by a motivated adversary. In this work, ...
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2411.10243
Data-Driven Decentralized Control Design for Discrete-Time Large-Scale Systems
[ "eess.SY", "cs.SY" ]
In this paper, a data-driven approach is developed for controller design for a class of discrete-time large-scale systems, where a large-scale system can be expressed in an equivalent data-driven form and the decentralized controllers can be parameterized by the data collected from its subsystems, i.e., system state, c...
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2411.10246
Scaling up the Evaluation of Collaborative Problem Solving: Promises and Challenges of Coding Chat Data with ChatGPT
[ "cs.HC", "cs.CL" ]
Collaborative problem solving (CPS) is widely recognized as a critical 21st century skill. Efficiently coding communication data is a big challenge in scaling up research on assessing CPS. This paper reports the findings on using ChatGPT to directly code CPS chat data by benchmarking performance across multiple dataset...
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2411.10249
How the interplay between power concentration, competition, and propagation affects the resource efficiency of distributed ledgers
[ "cs.DC", "cs.SI", "physics.soc-ph" ]
Forks in the Bitcoin network result from the natural competition in the blockchain's Proof-of-Work consensus protocol. Their frequency is a critical indicator for the efficiency of a distributed ledger as they can contribute to resource waste and network insecurity. We introduce a model for the estimation of natural fo...
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2411.10251
Morpho-Aware Global Attention for Image Matting
[ "cs.CV" ]
Vision Transformers (ViTs) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) face inherent challenges in image matting, particularly in preserving fine structural details. ViTs, with their global receptive field enabled by the self-attention mechanism, often lose local details such as hair strands. Conversely, CNNs, constrained...
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2411.10252
Visual-Linguistic Agent: Towards Collaborative Contextual Object Reasoning
[ "cs.CV" ]
Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) excel at descriptive tasks within images but often struggle with precise object localization, a critical element for reliable visual interpretation. In contrast, traditional object detection models provide high localization accuracy but frequently generate detections lacking con...
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2411.10254
Uncertainty in Supply Chain Digital Twins: A Quantum-Classical Hybrid Approach
[ "cs.LG" ]
This study investigates uncertainty quantification (UQ) using quantum-classical hybrid machine learning (ML) models for applications in complex and dynamic fields, such as attaining resiliency in supply chain digital twins and financial risk assessment. Although quantum feature transformations have been integrated into...
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2411.10255
Artificial Intelligence in Pediatric Echocardiography: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities, and Clinical Applications with Explainable AI and Federated Learning
[ "cs.AI" ]
Pediatric heart diseases present a broad spectrum of congenital and acquired diseases. More complex congenital malformations require a differentiated and multimodal decision-making process, usually including echocardiography as a central imaging method. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers considerable promise for clini...
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2411.10257
The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Guidance for Diffusion Models
[ "cs.CV", "cs.AI", "cs.LG" ]
Guidance is an error-correcting technique used to improve the perceptual quality of images generated by diffusion models. Typically, the correction is achieved by linear extrapolation, using an auxiliary diffusion model that has lower performance than the primary model. Using a 2D toy example, we show that it is highly...
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2411.10258
MDHP-Net: Detecting Injection Attacks on In-vehicle Network using Multi-Dimensional Hawkes Process and Temporal Model
[ "cs.CR", "cs.LG", "cs.NI" ]
The integration of intelligent and connected technologies in modern vehicles, while offering enhanced functionalities through Electronic Control Unit and interfaces like OBD-II and telematics, also exposes the vehicle's in-vehicle network (IVN) to potential cyberattacks. In this paper, we consider a specific type of cy...
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2411.10261
Partial Scene Text Retrieval
[ "cs.CV" ]
The task of partial scene text retrieval involves localizing and searching for text instances that are the same or similar to a given query text from an image gallery. However, existing methods can only handle text-line instances, leaving the problem of searching for partial patches within these text-line instances uns...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 1, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2411.10262
Observer-Based Safety Monitoring of Nonlinear Dynamical Systems with Neural Networks via Quadratic Constraint Approach
[ "eess.SY", "cs.SY" ]
The safety monitoring for nonlinear dynamical systems with embedded neural network components is addressed in this paper. The interval-observer-based safety monitor is developed consisting of two auxiliary neural networks derived from the neural network components of the dynamical system. Due to the presence of nonline...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 1 }
2411.10268
Towards Sample-Efficiency and Generalization of Transfer and Inverse Reinforcement Learning: A Comprehensive Literature Review
[ "cs.LG" ]
Reinforcement learning (RL) is a sub-domain of machine learning, mainly concerned with solving sequential decision-making problems by a learning agent that interacts with the decision environment to improve its behavior through the reward it receives from the environment. This learning paradigm is, however, well-known ...
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2411.10272
P$^2$ Law: Scaling Law for Post-Training After Model Pruning
[ "cs.AI", "cs.CL", "cs.LG" ]
Pruning has become a widely adopted technique for reducing the hardware requirements of large language models (LLMs). To recover model performance after pruning, post-training is commonly employed to mitigate the resulting performance degradation. While post-training benefits from larger datasets, once the dataset size...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 1, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 1, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 1, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2411.10273
Fill in the blanks: Rethinking Interpretability in vision
[ "cs.CV" ]
Model interpretability is a key challenge that has yet to align with the advancements observed in contemporary state-of-the-art deep learning models. In particular, deep learning aided vision tasks require interpretability, in order for their adoption in more specialized domains such as medical imaging. Although the fi...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 1, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2411.10275
4DPV: 4D Pet from Videos by Coarse-to-Fine Non-Rigid Radiance Fields
[ "cs.CV" ]
We present a coarse-to-fine neural deformation model to simultaneously recover the camera pose and the 4D reconstruction of an unknown object from multiple RGB sequences in the wild. To that end, our approach does not consider any pre-built 3D template nor 3D training data as well as controlled illumination conditions,...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 1, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2411.10279
Lateral Movement Detection via Time-aware Subgraph Classification on Authentication Logs
[ "cs.CR", "cs.AI" ]
Lateral movement is a crucial component of advanced persistent threat (APT) attacks in networks. Attackers exploit security vulnerabilities in internal networks or IoT devices, expanding their control after initial infiltration to steal sensitive data or carry out other malicious activities, posing a serious threat to ...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 1, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 1, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2411.10281
Multidimensional Byte Pair Encoding: Shortened Sequences for Improved Visual Data Generation
[ "cs.CV", "cs.LG" ]
In language processing, transformers benefit greatly from text being condensed. This is achieved through a larger vocabulary that captures word fragments instead of plain characters. This is often done with Byte Pair Encoding. In the context of images, tokenisation of visual data is usually limited to regular grids obt...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 1, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 1, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2411.10285
Systolic Arrays and Structured Pruning Co-design for Efficient Transformers in Edge Systems
[ "cs.AR", "cs.AI" ]
Efficient deployment of resource-intensive transformers on edge devices necessitates cross-stack optimization. We thus study the interrelation between structured pruning and systolic acceleration, matching the size of pruned blocks with the systolic array dimensions. In this setting, computations of pruned weight block...
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2411.10290
The ParClusterers Benchmark Suite (PCBS): A Fine-Grained Analysis of Scalable Graph Clustering
[ "cs.DC", "cs.AI", "cs.LG", "cs.SI" ]
We introduce the ParClusterers Benchmark Suite (PCBS) -- a collection of highly scalable parallel graph clustering algorithms and benchmarking tools that streamline comparing different graph clustering algorithms and implementations. The benchmark includes clustering algorithms that target a wide range of modern clus...
{ "Other": 1, "cs.AI": 1, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 1, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 1, "cs.SY": 0 }
2411.10291
Moving Forward: A Review of Autonomous Driving Software and Hardware Systems
[ "cs.RO" ]
With their potential to significantly reduce traffic accidents, enhance road safety, optimize traffic flow, and decrease congestion, autonomous driving systems are a major focus of research and development in recent years. Beyond these immediate benefits, they offer long-term advantages in promoting sustainable transpo...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 1, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2411.10293
RETR: Multi-View Radar Detection Transformer for Indoor Perception
[ "cs.CV", "cs.AI", "cs.LG", "math.DG" ]
Indoor radar perception has seen rising interest due to affordable costs driven by emerging automotive imaging radar developments and the benefits of reduced privacy concerns and reliability under hazardous conditions (e.g., fire and smoke). However, existing radar perception pipelines fail to account for distinctive c...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 1, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 1, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 1, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2411.10294
Static network structure cannot stabilize cooperation among Large Language Model agents
[ "cs.SI", "cs.CY", "cs.GT", "physics.soc-ph" ]
Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to model human social behavior, with recent research exploring their ability to simulate social dynamics. Here, we test whether LLMs mirror human behavior in social dilemmas, where individual and collective interests conflict. Humans generally cooperate more than expec...
{ "Other": 1, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 1, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 1, "cs.SY": 0 }
2411.10298
Unveiling Topological Structures in Text: A Comprehensive Survey of Topological Data Analysis Applications in NLP
[ "cs.CL" ]
The surge of data available on the internet has led to the adoption of various computational methods to analyze and extract valuable insights from this wealth of information. Among these, the field of Machine Learning (ML) has thrived by leveraging data to extract meaningful insights. However, ML techniques face notabl...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 1, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2411.10303
Quantum-assisted Stacking Sequence Retrieval and Laminated Composite Design
[ "quant-ph", "cs.CE", "cs.ET" ]
We, the QAIMS lab lab at the Aerospace Faculty of TU Delft, participated as finalists in the Airbus/BMW Quantum Computing Challenge 2024. Stacking sequence retrieval, a complex combinatorial task within a bi-level optimization framework, is crucial for designing laminated composites that meet aerospace requirements for...
{ "Other": 1, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 1, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2411.10307
Identifying companies and financial actors exposed to marine tipping points
[ "cs.CE" ]
Climate change and other anthropogenic pressures are likely to induce tipping points in marine ecosystems, potentially leading to declines in primary productivity and fisheries. Despite increasing attention to nature-related financial risks and opportunities within the ocean economy, the extent to which these tipping p...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 1, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2411.10308
A Realistic Collimated X-Ray Image Simulation Pipeline
[ "cs.CV", "cs.AI", "physics.med-ph" ]
Collimator detection remains a challenging task in X-ray systems with unreliable or non-available information about the detectors position relative to the source. This paper presents a physically motivated image processing pipeline for simulating the characteristics of collimator shadows in X-ray images. By generating ...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 1, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 1, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2411.10309
Modification Takes Courage: Seamless Image Stitching via Reference-Driven Inpainting
[ "cs.CV" ]
Current image stitching methods often produce noticeable seams in challenging scenarios such as uneven hue and large parallax. To tackle this problem, we propose the Reference-Driven Inpainting Stitcher (RDIStitcher), which reformulates the image fusion and rectangling as a reference-based inpainting model, incorporati...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 1, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2411.10316
M3TR: Generalist HD Map Construction with Variable Map Priors
[ "cs.CV", "cs.RO" ]
Autonomous vehicles require road information for their operation, usually in form of HD maps. Since offline maps eventually become outdated or may only be partially available, online HD map construction methods have been proposed to infer map information from live sensor data. A key issue remains how to exploit such pa...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 1, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 1, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2411.10321
Probabilistic Prior Driven Attention Mechanism Based on Diffusion Model for Imaging Through Atmospheric Turbulence
[ "cs.CV" ]
Atmospheric turbulence introduces severe spatial and geometric distortions, challenging traditional image restoration methods. We propose the Probabilistic Prior Turbulence Removal Network (PPTRN), which combines probabilistic diffusion-based prior modeling with Transformer-driven feature extraction to address this iss...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 1, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2411.10322
Melanoma Detection with Uncertainty Quantification
[ "cs.CV" ]
Early detection of melanoma is crucial for improving survival rates. Current detection tools often utilize data-driven machine learning methods but often overlook the full integration of multiple datasets. We combine publicly available datasets to enhance data diversity, allowing numerous experiments to train and evalu...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 1, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2411.10323
The Dawn of GUI Agent: A Preliminary Case Study with Claude 3.5 Computer Use
[ "cs.AI", "cs.CL", "cs.CV" ]
The recently released model, Claude 3.5 Computer Use, stands out as the first frontier AI model to offer computer use in public beta as a graphical user interface (GUI) agent. As an early beta, its capability in the real-world complex environment remains unknown. In this case study to explore Claude 3.5 Computer Use, w...
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2411.10325
Bitcoin Research with a Transaction Graph Dataset
[ "cs.LG", "q-fin.GN" ]
Bitcoin, launched in 2008 by Satoshi Nakamoto, established a new digital economy where value can be stored and transferred in a fully decentralized manner - alleviating the need for a central authority. This paper introduces a large scale dataset in the form of a transactions graph representing transactions between Bit...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 1, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2411.10328
Emotion Detection in Reddit: Comparative Study of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques
[ "cs.CL" ]
Emotion detection is pivotal in human communication, as it significantly influences behavior, relationships, and decision-making processes. This study concentrates on text-based emotion detection by leveraging the GoEmotions dataset, which annotates Reddit comments with 27 distinct emotions. These emotions are subseque...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 1, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2411.10329
Safe Text-to-Image Generation: Simply Sanitize the Prompt Embedding
[ "cs.CR", "cs.AI", "cs.CL" ]
In recent years, text-to-image (T2I) generation models have made significant progress in generating high-quality images that align with text descriptions. However, these models also face the risk of unsafe generation, potentially producing harmful content that violates usage policies, such as explicit material. Existin...
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2411.10330
CNN-Based Classification of Persian Miniature Paintings from Five Renowned Schools
[ "cs.CV" ]
This article addresses the gap in computational painting analysis focused on Persian miniature painting, a rich cultural and artistic heritage. It introduces a novel approach using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to classify Persian miniatures from five schools: Herat, Tabriz-e Avval, Shiraz-e Avval, Tabriz-e Dovvo...
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2411.10332
Number it: Temporal Grounding Videos like Flipping Manga
[ "cs.CV" ]
Video Large Language Models (Vid-LLMs) have made remarkable advancements in comprehending video content for QA dialogue. However, they struggle to extend this visual understanding to tasks requiring precise temporal localization, known as Video Temporal Grounding (VTG). To address this gap, we introduce Number-Prompt (...
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2411.10334
Y-MAP-Net: Real-time depth, normals, segmentation, multi-label captioning and 2D human pose in RGB images
[ "cs.CV" ]
We present Y-MAP-Net, a Y-shaped neural network architecture designed for real-time multi-task learning on RGB images. Y-MAP-Net, simultaneously predicts depth, surface normals, human pose, semantic segmentation and generates multi-label captions, all from a single network evaluation. To achieve this, we adopt a multi-...
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