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2501.09608
Metric Learning with Progressive Self-Distillation for Audio-Visual Embedding Learning
[ "cs.SD", "cs.AI", "cs.CV", "cs.IR", "cs.MM", "eess.AS" ]
Metric learning projects samples into an embedded space, where similarities and dissimilarities are quantified based on their learned representations. However, existing methods often rely on label-guided representation learning, where representations of different modalities, such as audio and visual data, are aligned b...
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2501.09609
Adversarial-Ensemble Kolmogorov Arnold Networks for Enhancing Indoor Wi-Fi Positioning: A Defensive Approach Against Spoofing and Signal Manipulation Attacks
[ "cs.LG" ]
The research presents a study on enhancing the robustness of Wi-Fi-based indoor positioning systems against adversarial attacks. The goal is to improve the positioning accuracy and resilience of these systems under two attack scenarios: Wi-Fi Spoofing and Signal Strength Manipulation. Three models are developed and eva...
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2501.09611
EVaDE : Event-Based Variational Thompson Sampling for Model-Based Reinforcement Learning
[ "cs.LG" ]
Posterior Sampling for Reinforcement Learning (PSRL) is a well-known algorithm that augments model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL) algorithms with Thompson sampling. PSRL maintains posterior distributions of the environment transition dynamics and the reward function, which are intractable for tasks with high-dimen...
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2501.09616
ARMAX identification of low rank graphical models
[ "cs.LG" ]
In large-scale systems, complex internal relationships are often present. Such interconnected systems can be effectively described by low rank stochastic processes. When identifying a predictive model of low rank processes from sampling data, the rank-deficient property of spectral densities is often obscured by the in...
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2501.09617
WMamba: Wavelet-based Mamba for Face Forgery Detection
[ "cs.CV" ]
With the rapid advancement of deepfake generation technologies, the demand for robust and accurate face forgery detection algorithms has become increasingly critical. Recent studies have demonstrated that wavelet analysis can uncover subtle forgery artifacts that remain imperceptible in the spatial domain. Wavelets eff...
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2501.09620
Beyond Reward Hacking: Causal Rewards for Large Language Model Alignment
[ "cs.LG", "cs.AI" ]
Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant progress in performing complex tasks. While Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has been effective in aligning LLMs with human preferences, it is susceptible to spurious correlations in reward modeling. Consequently, it often in...
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2501.09621
Weight for Robustness: A Comprehensive Approach towards Optimal Fault-Tolerant Asynchronous ML
[ "cs.LG" ]
We address the challenges of Byzantine-robust training in asynchronous distributed machine learning systems, aiming to enhance efficiency amid massive parallelization and heterogeneous computing resources. Asynchronous systems, marked by independently operating workers and intermittent updates, uniquely struggle with m...
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2501.09622
Optimizing hypergraph product codes with random walks, simulated annealing and reinforcement learning
[ "quant-ph", "cs.IT", "math.IT" ]
Hypergraph products are quantum low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes constructed from two classical LDPC codes. Although their dimension and distance depend only on the parameters of the underlying classical codes, optimizing their performance against various noise channels remains challenging. This difficulty partly ...
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2501.09628
Artificial Intelligence-Driven Clinical Decision Support Systems
[ "cs.AI" ]
As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly embedded in healthcare delivery, this chapter explores the critical aspects of developing reliable and ethical Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS). Beginning with the fundamental transition from traditional statistical models to sophisticated machine learning ap...
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2501.09631
Empowering Large Language Models in Wireless Communication: A Novel Dataset and Fine-Tuning Framework
[ "cs.LG" ]
In this work, we develop a specialized dataset aimed at enhancing the evaluation and fine-tuning of large language models (LLMs) specifically for wireless communication applications. The dataset includes a diverse set of multi-hop questions, including true/false and multiple-choice types, spanning varying difficulty le...
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2501.09632
Platform-Aware Mission Planning
[ "cs.AI" ]
Planning for autonomous systems typically requires reasoning with models at different levels of abstraction, and the harmonization of two competing sets of objectives: high-level mission goals that refer to an interaction of the system with the external environment, and low-level platform constraints that aim to preser...
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2501.09635
Unified Face Matching and Physical-Digital Spoofing Attack Detection
[ "cs.CV" ]
Face recognition technology has dramatically transformed the landscape of security, surveillance, and authentication systems, offering a user-friendly and non-invasive biometric solution. However, despite its significant advantages, face recognition systems face increasing threats from physical and digital spoofing att...
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2501.09636
LLM-Based Routing in Mixture of Experts: A Novel Framework for Trading
[ "cs.LG", "q-fin.TR" ]
Recent advances in deep learning and large language models (LLMs) have facilitated the deployment of the mixture-of-experts (MoE) mechanism in the stock investment domain. While these models have demonstrated promising trading performance, they are often unimodal, neglecting the wealth of information available in other...
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2501.09640
Electronic Health Records: Towards Digital Twins in Healthcare
[ "cs.AI" ]
The pivotal shift from traditional paper-based records to sophisticated Electronic Health Records (EHR), enabled systematic collection and analysis of patient data through descriptive statistics, providing insight into patterns and trends across patient populations. This evolution continued toward predictive analytics,...
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2501.09645
CarMem: Enhancing Long-Term Memory in LLM Voice Assistants through Category-Bounding
[ "cs.AI", "cs.CL", "cs.HC" ]
In today's assistant landscape, personalisation enhances interactions, fosters long-term relationships, and deepens engagement. However, many systems struggle with retaining user preferences, leading to repetitive user requests and disengagement. Furthermore, the unregulated and opaque extraction of user preferences in...
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2501.09646
NS-Gym: Open-Source Simulation Environments and Benchmarks for Non-Stationary Markov Decision Processes
[ "cs.AI" ]
In many real-world applications, agents must make sequential decisions in environments where conditions are subject to change due to various exogenous factors. These non-stationary environments pose significant challenges to traditional decision-making models, which typically assume stationary dynamics. Non-stationary ...
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2501.09649
Monte Carlo Tree Search with Velocity Obstacles for safe and efficient motion planning in dynamic environments
[ "cs.AI", "cs.RO" ]
Online motion planning is a challenging problem for intelligent robots moving in dense environments with dynamic obstacles, e.g., crowds. In this work, we propose a novel approach for optimal and safe online motion planning with minimal information about dynamic obstacles. Specifically, our approach requires only the c...
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2501.09653
The Heap: A Contamination-Free Multilingual Code Dataset for Evaluating Large Language Models
[ "cs.CL", "cs.AI" ]
The recent rise in the popularity of large language models has spurred the development of extensive code datasets needed to train them. This has left limited code available for collection and use in the downstream investigation of specific behaviors, or evaluation of large language models without suffering from data co...
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2501.09655
A Survey of Research in Large Language Models for Electronic Design Automation
[ "cs.LG" ]
Within the rapidly evolving domain of Electronic Design Automation (EDA), Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as transformative technologies, offering unprecedented capabilities for optimizing and automating various aspects of electronic design. This survey provides a comprehensive exploration of LLM applications...
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2501.09659
Fokker-Planck to Callan-Symanzik: evolution of weight matrices under training
[ "cs.LG" ]
The dynamical evolution of a neural network during training has been an incredibly fascinating subject of study. First principal derivation of generic evolution of variables in statistical physics systems has proved useful when used to describe training dynamics conceptually, which in practice means numerically solving...
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2501.09665
Design-Agnostic Distributed Timing Fault Injection Monitor With End-to-End Design Automation
[ "eess.SY", "cs.SY" ]
Fault injection attacks induce hardware failures in circuits and exploit these faults to compromise the security of the system. It has been demonstrated that FIAs can bypass system security mechanisms, cause faulty outputs, and gain access to secret information. Certain types of FIAs can be mounted with little effort b...
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2501.09668
Model Predictive Path Integral Docking of Fully Actuated Surface Vessel
[ "cs.RO" ]
Autonomous docking remains one of the most challenging maneuvers in marine robotics, requiring precise control and robust perception in confined spaces. This paper presents a novel approach integrating Model Predictive Path Integral(MPPI) control with real-time LiDAR-based dock detection for autonomous surface vessel d...
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2501.09672
Robin: a Suite of Multi-Scale Vision-Language Models and the CHIRP Evaluation Benchmark
[ "cs.CV", "cs.AI" ]
The proliferation of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) in the past several years calls for rigorous and comprehensive evaluation methods and benchmarks. This work analyzes existing VLM evaluation techniques, including automated metrics, AI-based assessments, and human evaluations across diverse tasks. We first introduce Ro...
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2501.09674
Authenticated Delegation and Authorized AI Agents
[ "cs.CY", "cs.AI", "cs.NI" ]
The rapid deployment of autonomous AI agents creates urgent challenges around authorization, accountability, and access control in digital spaces. New standards are needed to know whom AI agents act on behalf of and guide their use appropriately, protecting online spaces while unlocking the value of task delegation to ...
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2501.09680
CoNav Chair: Design of a ROS-based Smart Wheelchair for Shared Control Navigation in the Built Environment
[ "cs.RO" ]
With the number of people with disabilities (PWD) increasing worldwide each year, the demand for mobility support to enable independent living and social integration is also growing. Wheelchairs commonly support the mobility of PWD in both indoor and outdoor environments. However, current powered wheelchairs (PWC) ofte...
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2501.09682
Incorporating Quantum Advantage in Quantum Circuit Generation through Genetic Programming
[ "quant-ph", "cs.AI", "cs.ET", "cs.NE" ]
Designing efficient quantum circuits that leverage quantum advantage compared to classical computing has become increasingly critical. Genetic algorithms have shown potential in generating such circuits through artificial evolution. However, integrating quantum advantage into the fitness function of these algorithms re...
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2501.09683
Rough kernel hedging
[ "math.FA", "cs.LG", "stat.ML" ]
Building on the functional-analytic framework of operator-valued kernels and un-truncated signature kernels, we propose a scalable, provably convergent signature-based algorithm for a broad class of high-dimensional, path-dependent hedging problems. We make minimal assumptions about market dynamics by modelling them as...
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2501.09685
Inference-Time Alignment in Diffusion Models with Reward-Guided Generation: Tutorial and Review
[ "cs.AI", "cs.LG", "q-bio.QM", "stat.ML" ]
This tutorial provides an in-depth guide on inference-time guidance and alignment methods for optimizing downstream reward functions in diffusion models. While diffusion models are renowned for their generative modeling capabilities, practical applications in fields such as biology often require sample generation that ...
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2501.09686
Towards Large Reasoning Models: A Survey of Reinforced Reasoning with Large Language Models
[ "cs.AI", "cs.CL" ]
Language has long been conceived as an essential tool for human reasoning. The breakthrough of Large Language Models (LLMs) has sparked significant research interest in leveraging these models to tackle complex reasoning tasks. Researchers have moved beyond simple autoregressive token generation by introducing the conc...
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2501.09687
U-Fair: Uncertainty-based Multimodal Multitask Learning for Fairer Depression Detection
[ "cs.LG" ]
Machine learning bias in mental health is becoming an increasingly pertinent challenge. Despite promising efforts indicating that multitask approaches often work better than unitask approaches, there is minimal work investigating the impact of multitask learning on performance and fairness in depression detection nor l...
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2501.09688
Fine-Grained Image-Text Correspondence with Cost Aggregation for Open-Vocabulary Part Segmentation
[ "cs.CV" ]
Open-Vocabulary Part Segmentation (OVPS) is an emerging field for recognizing fine-grained parts in unseen categories. We identify two primary challenges in OVPS: (1) the difficulty in aligning part-level image-text correspondence, and (2) the lack of structural understanding in segmenting object parts. To address thes...
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2501.09691
A Near-optimal Algorithm for Learning Margin Halfspaces with Massart Noise
[ "cs.LG", "cs.DS", "math.ST", "stat.ML", "stat.TH" ]
We study the problem of PAC learning $\gamma$-margin halfspaces in the presence of Massart noise. Without computational considerations, the sample complexity of this learning problem is known to be $\widetilde{\Theta}(1/(\gamma^2 \epsilon))$. Prior computationally efficient algorithms for the problem incur sample compl...
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2501.09695
Mitigating Hallucinations in Large Vision-Language Models via DPO: On-Policy Data Hold the Key
[ "cs.CV" ]
Hallucination remains a major challenge for Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs). Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has gained increasing attention as a simple solution to hallucination issues. It directly learns from constructed preference pairs that reflect the severity of hallucinations in responses to the same p...
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2501.09700
Cueless EEG imagined speech for subject identification: dataset and benchmarks
[ "cs.LG", "cs.AI" ]
Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals have emerged as a promising modality for biometric identification. While previous studies have explored the use of imagined speech with semantically meaningful words for subject identification, most have relied on additional visual or auditory cues. In this study, we introduce a cuele...
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2501.09705
Practical Continual Forgetting for Pre-trained Vision Models
[ "cs.CV", "cs.AI", "cs.LG" ]
For privacy and security concerns, the need to erase unwanted information from pre-trained vision models is becoming evident nowadays. In real-world scenarios, erasure requests originate at any time from both users and model owners, and these requests usually form a sequence. Therefore, under such a setting, selective ...
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2501.09706
Domain Adaptation of Foundation LLMs for e-Commerce
[ "cs.CL" ]
We present the e-Llama models: 8 billion and 70 billion parameter large language models that are adapted towards the e-commerce domain. These models are meant as foundation models with deep knowledge about e-commerce, that form a base for instruction- and fine-tuning. The e-Llama models are obtained by continuously pre...
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2501.09707
The Goofus & Gallant Story Corpus for Practical Value Alignment
[ "cs.AI" ]
Values or principles are key elements of human society that influence people to behave and function according to an accepted standard set of social rules to maintain social order. As AI systems are becoming ubiquitous in human society, it is a major concern that they could violate these norms or values and potentially ...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 1, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2501.09709
CyberMentor: AI Powered Learning Tool Platform to Address Diverse Student Needs in Cybersecurity Education
[ "cs.CY", "cs.AI" ]
Many non-traditional students in cybersecurity programs often lack access to advice from peers, family members and professors, which can hinder their educational experiences. Additionally, these students may not fully benefit from various LLM-powered AI assistants due to issues like content relevance, locality of advic...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 1, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 1, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2501.09710
On equidistant single-orbit cyclic and quasi-cyclic subspace codes
[ "cs.IT", "math.IT" ]
A code is said to be equidistant if the distance between any two distinct codewords of the code is the same. In this paper, we have studied equidistant single-orbit cyclic and quasi-cyclic subspace codes. The orbit code generated by a subspace $U$ in $\mathbb{F}_{q^n}$ such that the dimension of $U$ over $\mathbb{F}_q$...
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2501.09712
Converse bounds for quantum hypothesis exclusion: A divergence-radius approach
[ "quant-ph", "cs.IT", "math.IT" ]
Hypothesis exclusion is an information-theoretic task in which an experimenter aims at ruling out a false hypothesis from a finite set of known candidates, and an error occurs if and only if the hypothesis being ruled out is the ground truth. For the tasks of quantum state exclusion and quantum channel exclusion -- whe...
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2501.09716
Intelligent OLSR Routing Protocol Optimization for VANETs
[ "cs.NE", "cs.NI" ]
Recent advances in wireless technologies have given rise to the emergence of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). In such networks, the limited coverage of WiFi and the high mobility of the nodes generate frequent topology changes and network fragmentations. For these reasons, and taking into account that there is no ce...
{ "Other": 1, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 1, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2501.09718
FLOL: Fast Baselines for Real-World Low-Light Enhancement
[ "cs.CV", "cs.RO" ]
Low-Light Image Enhancement (LLIE) is a key task in computational photography and imaging. The problem of enhancing images captured during night or in dark environments has been well-studied in the image signal processing literature. However, current deep learning-based solutions struggle with efficiency and robustness...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 1, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 1, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2501.09719
Comparative Insights from 12 Machine Learning Models in Extracting Economic Ideology from Political Text
[ "cs.CL" ]
This study conducts a systematic assessment of the capabilities of 12 machine learning models and model variations in detecting economic ideology. As an evaluation benchmark, I use manifesto data spanning six elections in the United Kingdom and pre-annotated by expert and crowd coders. The analysis assesses the perform...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 1, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2501.09720
A Simple Aerial Detection Baseline of Multimodal Language Models
[ "cs.CV", "cs.AI" ]
The multimodal language models (MLMs) based on generative pre-trained Transformer are considered powerful candidates for unifying various domains and tasks. MLMs developed for remote sensing (RS) have demonstrated outstanding performance in multiple tasks, such as visual question answering and visual grounding. In addi...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 1, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 1, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2501.09722
Attention based Bidirectional GRU hybrid model for inappropriate content detection in Urdu language
[ "cs.CL", "cs.LG" ]
With the increased use of the internet and social networks for online discussions, the spread of toxic and inappropriate content on social networking sites has also increased. Several studies have been conducted in different languages. However, there is less work done for South Asian languages for inappropriate content...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 1, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 1, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2501.09725
Parallel multi-objective metaheuristics for smart communications in vehicular networks
[ "cs.NE", "cs.AI", "cs.NI" ]
This article analyzes the use of two parallel multi-objective soft computing algorithms to automatically search for high-quality settings of the Ad hoc On Demand Vector routing protocol for vehicular networks. These methods are based on an evolutionary algorithm and on a swarm intelligence approach. The experimental an...
{ "Other": 1, "cs.AI": 1, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 1, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2501.09729
Generating particle physics Lagrangians with transformers
[ "cs.LG", "cs.SC", "hep-ph", "hep-th" ]
In physics, Lagrangians provide a systematic way to describe laws governing physical systems. In the context of particle physics, they encode the interactions and behavior of the fundamental building blocks of our universe. By treating Lagrangians as complex, rule-based constructs similar to linguistic expressions, we ...
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2501.09731
Predictions as Surrogates: Revisiting Surrogate Outcomes in the Age of AI
[ "stat.ML", "cs.LG" ]
We establish a formal connection between the decades-old surrogate outcome model in biostatistics and economics and the emerging field of prediction-powered inference (PPI). The connection treats predictions from pre-trained models, prevalent in the age of AI, as cost-effective surrogates for expensive outcomes. Buildi...
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2501.09732
Inference-Time Scaling for Diffusion Models beyond Scaling Denoising Steps
[ "cs.CV" ]
Generative models have made significant impacts across various domains, largely due to their ability to scale during training by increasing data, computational resources, and model size, a phenomenon characterized by the scaling laws. Recent research has begun to explore inference-time scaling behavior in Large Languag...
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2501.09733
ComplexVAD: Detecting Interaction Anomalies in Video
[ "cs.CV" ]
Existing video anomaly detection datasets are inadequate for representing complex anomalies that occur due to the interactions between objects. The absence of complex anomalies in previous video anomaly detection datasets affects research by shifting the focus onto simple anomalies. To address this problem, we introduc...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 1, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2501.09734
Random Subspace Cubic-Regularization Methods, with Applications to Low-Rank Functions
[ "math.OC", "cs.LG", "cs.NA", "math.NA" ]
We propose and analyze random subspace variants of the second-order Adaptive Regularization using Cubics (ARC) algorithm. These methods iteratively restrict the search space to some random subspace of the parameters, constructing and minimizing a local model only within this subspace. Thus, our variants only require ac...
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2501.09736
MultiGraphMatch: a subgraph matching algorithm for multigraphs
[ "cs.DB" ]
Subgraph matching is the problem of finding all the occurrences of a small graph, called the query, in a larger graph, called the target. Although the problem has been widely studied in simple graphs, few solutions have been proposed for multigraphs, in which two nodes can be connected by multiple edges, each denoting ...
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2501.09744
KU AIGEN ICL EDI@BC8 Track 3: Advancing Phenotype Named Entity Recognition and Normalization for Dysmorphology Physical Examination Reports
[ "cs.AI" ]
The objective of BioCreative8 Track 3 is to extract phenotypic key medical findings embedded within EHR texts and subsequently normalize these findings to their Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) terms. However, the presence of diverse surface forms in phenotypic findings makes it challenging to accurately normalize them t...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 1, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2501.09745
Suggesting Code Edits in Interactive Machine Learning Notebooks Using Large Language Models
[ "cs.SE", "cs.CL", "cs.LG" ]
Machine learning developers frequently use interactive computational notebooks, such as Jupyter notebooks, to host code for data processing and model training. Jupyter notebooks provide a convenient tool for writing machine learning pipelines and interactively observing outputs, however, maintaining Jupyter notebooks, ...
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2501.09747
FAST: Efficient Action Tokenization for Vision-Language-Action Models
[ "cs.RO", "cs.LG" ]
Autoregressive sequence models, such as Transformer-based vision-language action (VLA) policies, can be tremendously effective for capturing complex and generalizable robotic behaviors. However, such models require us to choose a tokenization of our continuous action signals, which determines how the discrete symbols p...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 1, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 1, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2501.09749
Enhancing Lexicon-Based Text Embeddings with Large Language Models
[ "cs.CL", "cs.IR" ]
Recent large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance on general-purpose text embedding tasks. While dense embeddings have dominated related research, we introduce the first Lexicon-based EmbeddiNgS (LENS) leveraging LLMs that achieve competitive performance on these tasks. Regarding the inheren...
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2501.09751
OmniThink: Expanding Knowledge Boundaries in Machine Writing through Thinking
[ "cs.CL", "cs.AI", "cs.HC", "cs.IR", "cs.LG" ]
Machine writing with large language models often relies on retrieval-augmented generation. However, these approaches remain confined within the boundaries of the model's predefined scope, limiting the generation of content with rich information. Specifically, vanilla-retrieved information tends to lack depth, novelty, ...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 1, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 1, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 1, "cs.IR": 1, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 1, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2501.09753
SRE-Conv: Symmetric Rotation Equivariant Convolution for Biomedical Image Classification
[ "cs.CV", "cs.LG", "eess.IV" ]
Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are essential tools for computer vision tasks, but they lack traditionally desired properties of extracted features that could further improve model performance, e.g., rotational equivariance. Such properties are ubiquitous in biomedical images, which often lack explicit orientation...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 1, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 1, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2501.09754
Lost in Translation, Found in Context: Sign Language Translation with Contextual Cues
[ "cs.CV" ]
Our objective is to translate continuous sign language into spoken language text. Inspired by the way human interpreters rely on context for accurate translation, we incorporate additional contextual cues together with the signing video, into a new translation framework. Specifically, besides visual sign recognition fe...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 1, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2501.09755
Learnings from Scaling Visual Tokenizers for Reconstruction and Generation
[ "cs.CV", "cs.AI" ]
Visual tokenization via auto-encoding empowers state-of-the-art image and video generative models by compressing pixels into a latent space. Although scaling Transformer-based generators has been central to recent advances, the tokenizer component itself is rarely scaled, leaving open questions about how auto-encoder d...
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2501.09756
SynthLight: Portrait Relighting with Diffusion Model by Learning to Re-render Synthetic Faces
[ "cs.CV", "cs.GR" ]
We introduce SynthLight, a diffusion model for portrait relighting. Our approach frames image relighting as a re-rendering problem, where pixels are transformed in response to changes in environmental lighting conditions. Using a physically-based rendering engine, we synthesize a dataset to simulate this lighting-condi...
{ "Other": 1, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 1, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2501.09757
Distilling Multi-modal Large Language Models for Autonomous Driving
[ "cs.CV", "cs.RO" ]
Autonomous driving demands safe motion planning, especially in critical "long-tail" scenarios. Recent end-to-end autonomous driving systems leverage large language models (LLMs) as planners to improve generalizability to rare events. However, using LLMs at test time introduces high computational costs. To address this,...
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2501.09760
Boosting the Accuracy of Stock Market Prediction via Multi-Layer Hybrid MTL Structure
[ "q-fin.ST", "cs.LG" ]
Accurate stock market prediction provides great opportunities for informed decision-making, yet existing methods struggle with financial data's non-linear, high-dimensional, and volatile characteristics. Advanced predictive models are needed to effectively address these complexities. This paper proposes a novel multi-l...
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2501.09761
VERITAS: Verifying the Performance of AI-native Transceiver Actions in Base-Stations
[ "eess.SP", "cs.AI", "cs.LG" ]
Artificial Intelligence (AI)-native receivers prove significant performance improvement in high noise regimes and can potentially reduce communication overhead compared to the traditional receiver. However, their performance highly depends on the representativeness of the training dataset. A major issue is the uncertai...
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2501.09765
Enhancing the De-identification of Personally Identifiable Information in Educational Data
[ "cs.CL", "cs.AI" ]
Protecting Personally Identifiable Information (PII), such as names, is a critical requirement in learning technologies to safeguard student and teacher privacy and maintain trust. Accurate PII detection is an essential step toward anonymizing sensitive information while preserving the utility of educational data. Moti...
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2501.09766
iTool: Boosting Tool Use of Large Language Models via Iterative Reinforced Fine-Tuning
[ "cs.CL", "cs.AI", "cs.LG" ]
Augmenting large language models (LLMs) with external tools is known as a promising approach to enhancing their capabilities, especially for complex tasks. Synthesizing tool-use data through real-world simulations is an effective way to achieve it. Nevertheless, our investigation reveals that (1) training gains signifi...
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2501.09767
LeMo: Enabling LEss Token Involvement for MOre Context Fine-tuning
[ "cs.CL", "cs.AI" ]
The escalating demand for long-context applications has intensified the necessity of extending the LLM context windows. Despite recent fine-tuning approaches successfully expanding context lengths, their high memory footprints, especially for activations, present a critical practical limitation. Current parameter-effic...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 1, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 1, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2501.09768
Can Large Language Models Predict the Outcome of Judicial Decisions?
[ "cs.CL", "cs.AI" ]
Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown exceptional capabilities in Natural Language Processing (NLP) across diverse domains. However, their application in specialized tasks such as Legal Judgment Prediction (LJP) for low-resource languages like Arabic remains underexplored. In this work, we address this gap by develop...
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2501.09770
EVAL: EigenVector-based Average-reward Learning
[ "cs.LG", "cs.AI" ]
In reinforcement learning, two objective functions have been developed extensively in the literature: discounted and averaged rewards. The generalization to an entropy-regularized setting has led to improved robustness and exploration for both of these objectives. Recently, the entropy-regularized average-reward proble...
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2501.09775
Multiple Choice Questions: Reasoning Makes Large Language Models (LLMs) More Self-Confident Even When They Are Wrong
[ "cs.CL", "cs.AI" ]
One of the most widely used methods to evaluate LLMs are Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) tests. MCQ benchmarks enable the testing of LLM knowledge on almost any topic at scale as the results can be processed automatically. To help the LLM answer, a few examples called few shots can be included in the prompt. Moreover, t...
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2501.09776
Multi-Head Self-Attending Neural Tucker Factorization
[ "cs.LG" ]
Quality-of-service (QoS) data exhibit dynamic temporal patterns that are crucial for accurately predicting missing values. These patterns arise from the evolving interactions between users and services, making it essential to capture the temporal dynamics inherent in such data for improved prediction performance. As th...
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2501.09777
Sentiment Analysis in Twitter Social Network Centered on Cryptocurrencies Using Machine Learning
[ "cs.CL" ]
Cryptocurrency is a digital currency that uses blockchain technology with secure encryption. Due to the decentralization of these currencies, traditional monetary systems and the capital market of each they, can influence a society. Therefore, due to the importance of the issue, the need to understand public opinion an...
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2501.09781
VideoWorld: Exploring Knowledge Learning from Unlabeled Videos
[ "cs.CV" ]
This work explores whether a deep generative model can learn complex knowledge solely from visual input, in contrast to the prevalent focus on text-based models like large language models (LLMs). We develop VideoWorld, an auto-regressive video generation model trained on unlabeled video data, and test its knowledge acq...
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2501.09782
SMPLest-X: Ultimate Scaling for Expressive Human Pose and Shape Estimation
[ "cs.CV", "cs.GR", "cs.HC", "cs.MM", "cs.RO" ]
Expressive human pose and shape estimation (EHPS) unifies body, hands, and face motion capture with numerous applications. Despite encouraging progress, current state-of-the-art methods focus on training innovative architectural designs on confined datasets. In this work, we investigate the impact of scaling up EHPS to...
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2501.09783
GeoManip: Geometric Constraints as General Interfaces for Robot Manipulation
[ "cs.RO" ]
We present GeoManip, a framework to enable generalist robots to leverage essential conditions derived from object and part relationships, as geometric constraints, for robot manipulation. For example, cutting the carrot requires adhering to a geometric constraint: the blade of the knife should be perpendicular to the c...
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2501.09798
Computing Optimization-Based Prompt Injections Against Closed-Weights Models By Misusing a Fine-Tuning API
[ "cs.CR", "cs.CL" ]
We surface a new threat to closed-weight Large Language Models (LLMs) that enables an attacker to compute optimization-based prompt injections. Specifically, we characterize how an attacker can leverage the loss-like information returned from the remote fine-tuning interface to guide the search for adversarial prompts....
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 1, "cs.CR": 1, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2501.09801
Conversational Text Extraction with Large Language Models Using Retrieval-Augmented Systems
[ "cs.IR", "cs.CL" ]
This study introduces a system leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) to extract text and enhance user interaction with PDF documents via a conversational interface. Utilizing Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), the system provides informative responses to user inquiries while highlighting relevant passages within t...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 1, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 1, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2501.09803
Graph Neural Networks for Travel Distance Estimation and Route Recommendation Under Probabilistic Hazards
[ "cs.LG" ]
Estimating the shortest travel time and providing route recommendation between different locations in a city or region can quantitatively measure the conditions of the transportation network during or after extreme events. One common approach is to use Dijkstra's Algorithm, which produces the shortest path as well as t...
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2501.09804
Enhancing Generalization in Chain of Thought Reasoning for Smaller Models
[ "cs.LG", "cs.AI", "cs.CL" ]
Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning in smaller language models is a challenging natural language process problem yet highly desirable in many real-life applications. Existing CoT knowledge distillation methods often suffer from overly conservative memorization in smaller LLMs, leading to low generalization confidence. As ...
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2501.09805
Multiplex Nodal Modularity: A novel network metric for the regional analysis of amnestic mild cognitive impairment during a working memory binding task
[ "q-bio.NC", "cs.SI", "physics.bio-ph" ]
Modularity is a well-established concept for assessing community structures in various single and multi-layer networks, including those in biological and social domains. Biological networks, such as the brain, are known to exhibit group structure at a variety of scales -- local, meso, and global scale. Modularity, whil...
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2501.09813
Qwen it detect machine-generated text?
[ "cs.CL" ]
This paper describes the approach of the Unibuc - NLP team in tackling the Coling 2025 GenAI Workshop, Task 1: Binary Multilingual Machine-Generated Text Detection. We explored both masked language models and causal models. For Subtask A, our best model achieved first-place out of 36 teams when looking at F1 Micro (Aux...
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2501.09815
Lossy Compression with Pretrained Diffusion Models
[ "cs.CV", "eess.IV" ]
We apply the DiffC algorithm (Theis et al. 2022) to Stable Diffusion 1.5, 2.1, XL, and Flux-dev, and demonstrate that these pretrained models are remarkably capable lossy image compressors. A principled algorithm for lossy compression using pretrained diffusion models has been understood since at least Ho et al. 2020, ...
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2501.09817
Generalized Single-Image-Based Morphing Attack Detection Using Deep Representations from Vision Transformer
[ "cs.CV", "cs.AI" ]
Face morphing attacks have posed severe threats to Face Recognition Systems (FRS), which are operated in border control and passport issuance use cases. Correspondingly, morphing attack detection algorithms (MAD) are needed to defend against such attacks. MAD approaches must be robust enough to handle unknown attacks i...
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2501.09819
Torque Responsive Metamaterials Enable High Payload Soft Robot Arms
[ "cs.RO" ]
Soft robots have struggled to support large forces and moments while also supporting their own weight against gravity. This limits their ability to reach certain configurations necessary for tasks such as inspection and pushing objects up. We have overcome this limitation by creating an electrically driven metamaterial...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 1, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2501.09821
BN-Pool: a Bayesian Nonparametric Approach to Graph Pooling
[ "cs.LG", "math.PR" ]
We introduce BN-Pool, the first clustering-based pooling method for Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) that adaptively determines the number of supernodes in a coarsened graph. By leveraging a Bayesian non-parametric framework, BN-Pool employs a generative model capable of partitioning graph nodes into an unbounded number of...
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2501.09822
pFedWN: A Personalized Federated Learning Framework for D2D Wireless Networks with Heterogeneous Data
[ "cs.LG", "cs.NI" ]
Traditional Federated Learning (FL) approaches often struggle with data heterogeneity across clients, leading to suboptimal model performance for individual clients. To address this issue, Personalized Federated Learning (PFL) emerges as a solution to the challenges posed by non-independent and identically distributed ...
{ "Other": 1, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 1, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2501.09825
Bridging Language Barriers in Healthcare: A Study on Arabic LLMs
[ "cs.CL", "cs.AI" ]
This paper investigates the challenges of developing large language models (LLMs) proficient in both multilingual understanding and medical knowledge. We demonstrate that simply translating medical data does not guarantee strong performance on clinical tasks in the target language. Our experiments reveal that the optim...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 1, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 1, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2501.09826
PIXELS: Progressive Image Xemplar-based Editing with Latent Surgery
[ "cs.CV" ]
Recent advancements in language-guided diffusion models for image editing are often bottle-necked by cumbersome prompt engineering to precisely articulate desired changes. An intuitive alternative calls on guidance from in-the-wild image exemplars to help users bring their imagined edits to life. Contemporary exemplar-...
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2501.09832
Crossover-BPSO Driven Multi-Agent Technology for Managing Local Energy Systems
[ "eess.SY", "cs.SY" ]
This article presents a new hybrid algorithm, crossover binary particle swarm optimization (crBPSO), for allocating resources in local energy systems via multi-agent (MA) technology. Initially, a hierarchical MA-based architecture in a grid-connected local energy setup is presented. In this architecture, task specific ...
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2501.09833
EraseBench: Understanding The Ripple Effects of Concept Erasure Techniques
[ "cs.CV" ]
Concept erasure techniques have recently gained significant attention for their potential to remove unwanted concepts from text-to-image models. While these methods often demonstrate success in controlled scenarios, their robustness in real-world applications and readiness for deployment remain uncertain. In this work,...
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2501.09837
Complex-Valued Neural Networks for Ultra-Reliable Massive MIMO
[ "eess.SP", "cs.IT", "cs.NI", "math.IT" ]
In the evolving landscape of 5G and 6G networks, the demands extend beyond high data rates, ultra-low latency, and extensive coverage, increasingly emphasizing the need for reliability. This paper proposes an ultra-reliable multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) scheme utilizing quasi-orthogonal space-time block coding ...
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2501.09838
CrossModalityDiffusion: Multi-Modal Novel View Synthesis with Unified Intermediate Representation
[ "cs.CV", "cs.AI", "eess.IV" ]
Geospatial imaging leverages data from diverse sensing modalities-such as EO, SAR, and LiDAR, ranging from ground-level drones to satellite views. These heterogeneous inputs offer significant opportunities for scene understanding but present challenges in interpreting geometry accurately, particularly in the absence of...
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2501.09849
Coded Deep Learning: Framework and Algorithm
[ "cs.LG" ]
The success of deep learning (DL) is often achieved with large models and high complexity during both training and post-training inferences, hindering training in resource-limited settings. To alleviate these issues, this paper introduces a new framework dubbed ``coded deep learning'' (CDL), which integrates informatio...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 1, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2501.09851
Learning Noisy Halfspaces with a Margin: Massart is No Harder than Random
[ "cs.LG", "cs.DS" ]
We study the problem of PAC learning $\gamma$-margin halfspaces with Massart noise. We propose a simple proper learning algorithm, the Perspectron, that has sample complexity $\widetilde{O}((\epsilon\gamma)^{-2})$ and achieves classification error at most $\eta+\epsilon$ where $\eta$ is the Massart noise rate. Prior wo...
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2501.09853
Greening the Grid: Electricity Market Clearing with Consumer-Based Carbon Cost
[ "eess.SY", "cs.SY" ]
To enhance decarbonization efforts in electric power systems, we propose a novel electricity market clearing model that internalizes the allocation of emissions from generations to loads and allows for consideration of consumer-side carbon costs. Specifically, consumers can not only bid for power but also assign a cost...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 1 }
2501.09856
Efficient Sampling of Temporal Networks with Preserved Causality Structure
[ "cs.SI", "cs.DS" ]
In this paper, we extend the classical Color Refinement algorithm for static networks to temporal (undirected and directed) networks. This enables us to design an algorithm to sample synthetic networks that preserves the $d$-hop neighborhood structure of a given temporal network. The higher $d$ is chosen, the better th...
{ "Other": 1, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 1, "cs.SY": 0 }
2501.09857
Efficient Probabilistic Assessment of Power System Resilience Using the Polynomial Chaos Expansion Method with Enhanced Stability
[ "eess.SY", "cs.SY" ]
Increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events motivates the assessment of power system resilience. The random nature of these events and the resulting failures mandates probabilistic resilience assessment, but state-of-the-art methods (e.g., Monte Carlo simulation) are computationally inefficient. This p...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 1 }
2501.09858
From Explainability to Interpretability: Interpretable Policies in Reinforcement Learning Via Model Explanation
[ "cs.LG", "cs.AI", "cs.SY", "eess.SY" ]
Deep reinforcement learning (RL) has shown remarkable success in complex domains, however, the inherent black box nature of deep neural network policies raises significant challenges in understanding and trusting the decision-making processes. While existing explainable RL methods provide local insights, they fail to d...
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2501.09859
Empirical Evaluation of Embedding Models in the Context of Text Classification in Document Review in Construction Delay Disputes
[ "cs.IR" ]
Text embeddings are numerical representations of text data, where words, phrases, or entire documents are converted into vectors of real numbers. These embeddings capture semantic meanings and relationships between text elements in a continuous vector space. The primary goal of text embeddings is to enable the processi...
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2501.09863
Detection of Vascular Leukoencephalopathy in CT Images
[ "eess.IV", "cs.CV" ]
Artificial intelligence (AI) has seen a significant surge in popularity, particularly in its application to medicine. This study explores AI's role in diagnosing leukoencephalopathy, a small vessel disease of the brain, and a leading cause of vascular dementia and hemorrhagic strokes. We utilized a dataset of approxima...
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