id stringlengths 9 16 | title stringlengths 4 278 | categories listlengths 1 13 | abstract stringlengths 3 4.08k | filtered_category_membership dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
2502.00472 | Binned Spectral Power Loss for Improved Prediction of Chaotic Systems | [
"cs.LG",
"math.DS",
"physics.flu-dyn"
] | Forecasting multiscale chaotic dynamical systems with deep learning remains a formidable challenge due to the spectral bias of neural networks, which hinders the accurate representation of fine-scale structures in long-term predictions. This issue is exacerbated when models are deployed autoregressively, leading to com... | {
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2502.00473 | Weak-to-Strong Diffusion with Reflection | [
"cs.LG",
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] | The goal of diffusion generative models is to align the learned distribution with the real data distribution through gradient score matching. However, inherent limitations in training data quality, modeling strategies, and architectural design lead to inevitable gap between generated outputs and real data. To reduce th... | {
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2502.00474 | A framework for river connectivity classification using temporal image
processing and attention based neural networks | [
"cs.CV",
"cs.LG",
"eess.IV"
] | Measuring the connectivity of water in rivers and streams is essential for effective water resource management. Increased extreme weather events associated with climate change can result in alterations to river and stream connectivity. While traditional stream flow gauges are costly to deploy and limited to large river... | {
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2502.00476 | Offshore wind farm layout optimization using mathematical programming
techniques | [
"cs.CE"
] | Offshore wind power is a renewable energy of growing relevance in current electric energy systems, presenting favorable wind conditions in comparison with the sites on land. However, the higher energy yield has to compensate the increment in installation and maintenance costs, thus the importance of optimizing resource... | {
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2502.00486 | Mixed extreme wave climate model for reanalysis databases | [
"cs.CE"
] | Hindcast or wave reanalysis databases (WRDB) constitute a powerful source with respect to instrumental records in the design of offshore and coastal structures, since they offer important advantages for the statistical characterization of wave climate variables, such as continuous long time records of significant wave ... | {
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2502.00488 | Learn Sharp Interface Solution by Homotopy Dynamics | [
"cs.LG",
"cs.NA",
"math.NA"
] | Solving partial differential equations (PDEs) using neural networks has become a central focus in scientific machine learning. Training neural networks for sharp interface problems is particularly challenging due to certain parameters in the PDEs that introduce near-singularities in the loss function. In this study, we... | {
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2502.00490 | Oscillations Make Neural Networks Robust to Quantization | [
"cs.LG"
] | We challenge the prevailing view that oscillations in Quantization Aware Training (QAT) are merely undesirable artifacts caused by the Straight-Through Estimator (STE). Through theoretical analysis of QAT in linear models, we demonstrate that the gradient of the loss function can be decomposed into two terms: the origi... | {
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2502.00494 | Data Overvaluation Attack and Truthful Data Valuation | [
"cs.CR",
"cs.AI",
"cs.LG"
] | In collaborative machine learning, data valuation, i.e., evaluating the contribution of each client' data to the machine learning model, has become a critical task for incentivizing and selecting positive data contributions. However, existing studies often assume that clients engage in data valuation truthfully, overlo... | {
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2502.00495 | Looking into the Future of Health-Care Services: Can Life-Like Agents
Change the Future of Health-Care Services? | [
"cs.CY",
"cs.AI"
] | Time constraints on doctor patient interaction and restricted access to specialists under the managed care system led to increasingly referring to computers as a medical information source and a self-health-care management tool. However, research show that less than 40% of information seekers indicated that online info... | {
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2502.00497 | Convolutional Fourier Analysis Network (CFAN): A Unified Time-Frequency
Approach for ECG Classification | [
"cs.LG",
"eess.SP"
] | Machine learning has transformed the classification of biomedical signals such as electrocardiograms (ECGs). Advances in deep learning, particularly convolutional neural networks (CNNs), enable automatic feature extraction, raising the question: Can combining time- and frequency-domain attributes enhance classification... | {
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2502.00498 | MetaOpenFOAM 2.0: Large Language Model Driven Chain of Thought for
Automating CFD Simulation and Post-Processing | [
"cs.AI",
"physics.comp-ph"
] | Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is widely used in aerospace, energy, and biology to model fluid flow, heat transfer, and chemical reactions. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed various domains, their application in CFD remains limited, particularly for complex tasks like post-processing. To bridge th... | {
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2502.00499 | Discovering Directly-Follows Graph Model for Acyclic Processes | [
"cs.AI"
] | Process mining is the common name for a range of methods and approaches aimed at analysing and improving processes. Specifically, methods that aim to derive process models from event logs fall under the category of process discovery. Within the range of processes, acyclic processes form a distinct category. In such pro... | {
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2502.00500 | Video Latent Flow Matching: Optimal Polynomial Projections for Video
Interpolation and Extrapolation | [
"cs.CV",
"cs.AI",
"cs.LG"
] | This paper considers an efficient video modeling process called Video Latent Flow Matching (VLFM). Unlike prior works, which randomly sampled latent patches for video generation, our method relies on current strong pre-trained image generation models, modeling a certain caption-guided flow of latent patches that can be... | {
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2502.00501 | Optimizing Feature Selection in Causal Inference: A Three-Stage
Computational Framework for Unbiased Estimation | [
"stat.ME",
"cs.AI",
"cs.LG",
"stat.ML"
] | Feature selection is an important but challenging task in causal inference for obtaining unbiased estimates of causal quantities. Properly selected features in causal inference not only significantly reduce the time required to implement a matching algorithm but, more importantly, can also reduce the bias and variance ... | {
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2502.00507 | A statistically consistent measure of Semantic Variability using
Language Models | [
"cs.CL",
"cs.AI"
] | To address the issue of variability in the output generated by a language model, we present a measure of semantic variability that is statistically consistent under mild assumptions. This measure, denoted as semantic spectral entropy, is a easy to implement algorithm that requires just off the shelf language models. We... | {
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2502.00510 | Who's the MVP? A Game-Theoretic Evaluation Benchmark for Modular
Attribution in LLM Agents | [
"cs.AI",
"cs.CL"
] | Large Language Model (LLM) agents frameworks often employ modular architectures, incorporating components such as planning, reasoning, action execution, and reflection to tackle complex tasks. However, quantifying the contribution of each module to overall system performance remains a significant challenge, impeding op... | {
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2502.00511 | Bridging Internal Probability and Self-Consistency for Effective and
Efficient LLM Reasoning | [
"cs.LG",
"cs.AI",
"cs.CL"
] | Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable reasoning capabilities. However, single-shot inference often yields unreliable results for complex reasoning tasks, leading researchers to explore multiple reasoning paths through methods such as perplexity and self-consistency. In this pa... | {
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2502.00513 | Covariance Analysis of Attitude and Angular Rate Estimation using
Accelerometers | [
"eess.SY",
"cs.SY"
] | In this work a method for using accelerometers for the determination of angular velocity and acceleration is presented. Minimum sensor requirements and insights into how an array of accelerometers can be configured to maximize estimator performance are considered. The framework presented utilizes linear least squares t... | {
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2502.00519 | CoDocBench: A Dataset for Code-Documentation Alignment in Software
Maintenance | [
"cs.SE",
"cs.LG"
] | One of the central tasks in software maintenance is being able to understand and develop code changes. Thus, given a natural language description of the desired new operation of a function, an agent (human or AI) might be asked to generate the set of edits to that function to implement the desired new operation; likewi... | {
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2502.00520 | Variance Reduction via Resampling and Experience Replay | [
"stat.ML",
"cs.LG"
] | Experience replay is a foundational technique in reinforcement learning that enhances learning stability by storing past experiences in a replay buffer and reusing them during training. Despite its practical success, its theoretical properties remain underexplored. In this paper, we present a theoretical framework that... | {
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2502.00527 | PolarQuant: Leveraging Polar Transformation for Efficient Key Cache
Quantization and Decoding Acceleration | [
"cs.LG",
"cs.CL"
] | The KV cache in large language models is a dominant factor in memory usage, limiting their broader applicability. Quantizing the cache to lower bit widths is an effective way to reduce computational costs; however, previous methods struggle with quantizing key vectors due to outliers, resulting in excessive overhead. W... | {
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2502.00528 | Vision-Language Modeling in PET/CT for Visual Grounding of Positive
Findings | [
"cs.CV",
"cs.CL"
] | Vision-language models can connect the text description of an object to its specific location in an image through visual grounding. This has potential applications in enhanced radiology reporting. However, these models require large annotated image-text datasets, which are lacking for PET/CT. We developed an automated ... | {
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2502.00529 | Graph Data Management and Graph Machine Learning: Synergies and
Opportunities | [
"cs.DB"
] | The ubiquity of machine learning, particularly deep learning, applied to graphs is evident in applications ranging from cheminformatics (drug discovery) and bioinformatics (protein interaction prediction) to knowledge graph-based query answering, fraud detection, and social network analysis. Concurrently, graph data ma... | {
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2502.00530 | Generic Multimodal Spatially Graph Network for Spatially Embedded
Network Representation Learning | [
"cs.LG",
"cs.AI",
"cs.SI"
] | Spatially embedded networks (SENs) represent a special type of complex graph, whose topologies are constrained by the networks' embedded spatial environments. The graph representation of such networks is thereby influenced by the embedded spatial features of both nodes and edges. Accurate network representation of the ... | {
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2502.00532 | Enhancing Field-Oriented Control of Electric Drives with Tiny Neural
Network Optimized for Micro-controllers | [
"cs.LG",
"cs.SY",
"eess.SY"
] | The deployment of neural networks on resource-constrained micro-controllers has gained momentum, driving many advancements in Tiny Neural Networks. This paper introduces a tiny feed-forward neural network, TinyFC, integrated into the Field-Oriented Control (FOC) of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs). Proportio... | {
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2502.00534 | Transition Transfer $Q$-Learning for Composite Markov Decision Processes | [
"stat.ML",
"cs.LG"
] | To bridge the gap between empirical success and theoretical understanding in transfer reinforcement learning (RL), we study a principled approach with provable performance guarantees. We introduce a novel composite MDP framework where high-dimensional transition dynamics are modeled as the sum of a low-rank component r... | {
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2502.00535 | Work-Efficient Parallel Non-Maximum Suppression Kernels | [
"cs.CV",
"cs.DC"
] | In the context of object detection, sliding-window classifiers and single-shot Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) meta-architectures typically yield multiple overlapping candidate windows with similar high scores around the true location of a particular object. Non-Maximum Suppression (NMS) is the process of selecting ... | {
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2502.00536 | CAD: Confidence-Aware Adaptive Displacement for Semi-Supervised Medical
Image Segmentation | [
"cs.CV",
"cs.LG"
] | Semi-supervised medical image segmentation aims to leverage minimal expert annotations, yet remains confronted by challenges in maintaining high-quality consistency learning. Excessive perturbations can degrade alignment and hinder precise decision boundaries, especially in regions with uncertain predictions. In this p... | {
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2502.00537 | Detecting Ambiguities to Guide Query Rewrite for Robust Conversations in
Enterprise AI Assistants | [
"cs.CL"
] | Multi-turn conversations with an Enterprise AI Assistant can be challenging due to conversational dependencies in questions, leading to ambiguities and errors. To address this, we propose an NLU-NLG framework for ambiguity detection and resolution through reformulating query automatically and introduce a new task calle... | {
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2502.00543 | VertiFormer: A Data-Efficient Multi-Task Transformer for Off-Road Robot
Mobility | [
"cs.RO",
"cs.CV",
"cs.LG"
] | Sophisticated learning architectures, e.g., Transformers, present a unique opportunity for robots to understand complex vehicle-terrain kinodynamic interactions for off-road mobility. While internet-scale data are available for Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Computer Vision (CV) tasks to train Transformers, real... | {
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2502.00545 | Integrating Frequency Guidance into Multi-source Domain Generalization
for Bearing Fault Diagnosis | [
"cs.LG",
"cs.AI",
"cs.CV"
] | Recent generalizable fault diagnosis researches have effectively tackled the distributional shift between unseen working conditions. Most of them mainly focus on learning domain-invariant representation through feature-level methods. However, the increasing numbers of unseen domains may lead to domain-invariant feature... | {
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2502.00547 | Milmer: a Framework for Multiple Instance Learning based Multimodal
Emotion Recognition | [
"cs.CV",
"cs.AI",
"cs.HC"
] | Emotions play a crucial role in human behavior and decision-making, making emotion recognition a key area of interest in human-computer interaction (HCI). This study addresses the challenges of emotion recognition by integrating facial expression analysis with electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, introducing a novel mul... | {
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2502.00550 | Muti-Fidelity Prediction and Uncertainty Quantification with Laplace
Neural Operators for Parametric Partial Differential Equations | [
"cs.LG",
"cs.NA",
"math.NA",
"physics.comp-ph"
] | Laplace Neural Operators (LNOs) have recently emerged as a promising approach in scientific machine learning due to the ability to learn nonlinear maps between functional spaces. However, this framework often requires substantial amounts of high-fidelity (HF) training data, which is often prohibitively expensive to acq... | {
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} |
2502.00552 | Optimal Sensor Placement in Power Transformers Using Physics-Informed
Neural Networks | [
"cs.LG",
"cs.SY",
"eess.SY"
] | Our work aims at simulating and predicting the temperature conditions inside a power transformer using Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs). The predictions obtained are then used to determine the optimal placement for temperature sensors inside the transformer under the constraint of a limited number of sensors, e... | {
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2502.00557 | Sampling Binary Data by Denoising through Score Functions | [
"stat.ML",
"cs.LG"
] | Gaussian smoothing combined with a probabilistic framework for denoising via the empirical Bayes formalism, i.e., the Tweedie-Miyasawa formula (TMF), are the two key ingredients in the success of score-based generative models in Euclidean spaces. Smoothing holds the key for easing the problem of learning and sampling i... | {
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2502.00558 | Asynchronous Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning with Limited
Communication | [
"cs.MA"
] | We consider the problem setting in which multiple autonomous agents must cooperatively navigate and perform tasks in an unknown, communication-constrained environment. Traditional multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) approaches assume synchronous communications and perform poorly in such environments. We propose A... | {
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2502.00559 | Deep learning model for ECG reconstruction reveals the information
content of ECG leads | [
"eess.SP",
"cs.LG"
] | This study introduces a deep learning model based on the U-net architecture to reconstruct missing leads in electrocardiograms (ECGs). Using publicly available datasets, the model was trained to regenerate 12-lead ECG data from reduced lead configurations, demonstrating high accuracy in lead reconstruction. The results... | {
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2502.00562 | Assessment of ChatGPT for Engineering Statics Analysis | [
"cs.CE"
] | Large language models (LLMs) such as OpenAI's ChatGPT hold potential for automating engineering analysis, yet their reliability in solving multi-step statics problems remains uncertain. This study evaluates the performance of ChatGPT-4o and ChatGPT-o1-preview on foundational statics tasks, from simple calculations of N... | {
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2502.00563 | Complex Wavelet Mutual Information Loss: A Multi-Scale Loss Function for
Semantic Segmentation | [
"cs.CV",
"eess.IV"
] | Recent advancements in deep neural networks have significantly enhanced the performance of semantic segmentation. However, class imbalance and instance imbalance remain persistent challenges, where smaller instances and thin boundaries are often overshadowed by larger structures. To address the multiscale nature of seg... | {
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2502.00567 | Lessons for GenAI Literacy From a Field Study of Human-GenAI
Augmentation in the Workplace | [
"cs.CY",
"cs.AI"
] | Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) is increasingly becoming a part of work practices across the technology industry and being used across a range of industries. This has necessitated the need to better understand how GenAI is being used by professionals in the field so that we can better prepare students for th... | {
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2502.00568 | Generating crossmodal gene expression from cancer histopathology
improves multimodal AI predictions | [
"cs.CV",
"cs.AI",
"cs.LG"
] | Emerging research has highlighted that artificial intelligence based multimodal fusion of digital pathology and transcriptomic features can improve cancer diagnosis (grading/subtyping) and prognosis (survival risk) prediction. However, such direct fusion for joint decision is impractical in real clinical settings, wher... | {
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2502.00571 | Contrastive Forward-Forward: A Training Algorithm of Vision Transformer | [
"cs.CV",
"cs.LG"
] | Although backpropagation is widely accepted as a training algorithm for artificial neural networks, researchers are always looking for inspiration from the brain to find ways with potentially better performance. Forward-Forward is a new training algorithm that is more similar to what occurs in the brain, although there... | {
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2502.00575 | DeepUKF-VIN: Adaptively-tuned Deep Unscented Kalman Filter for 3D
Visual-Inertial Navigation based on IMU-Vision-Net | [
"cs.RO",
"cs.SY",
"eess.SY"
] | This paper addresses the challenge of estimating the orientation, position, and velocity of a vehicle operating in three-dimensional (3D) space with six degrees of freedom (6-DoF). A Deep Learning-based Adaptation Mechanism (DLAM) is proposed to adaptively tune the noise covariance matrices of Kalman-type filters for t... | {
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2502.00577 | Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An
Information-Theoretic Approach | [
"cs.AI",
"cs.CL",
"cs.LG"
] | Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown promising capabilities but struggle under distribution shifts, where evaluation data differ from instruction tuning distributions. Although previous works have provided empirical evaluations, we argue that establishing a formal framework that can characterize and quan... | {
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2502.00580 | Defense Against the Dark Prompts: Mitigating Best-of-N Jailbreaking with
Prompt Evaluation | [
"cs.CR",
"cs.AI",
"cs.CL",
"cs.CY"
] | Recent work showed Best-of-N (BoN) jailbreaking using repeated use of random augmentations (such as capitalization, punctuation, etc) is effective against all major large language models (LLMs). We have found that $100\%$ of the BoN paper's successful jailbreaks (confidence interval $[99.65\%, 100.00\%]$) and $99.8\%$ ... | {
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2502.00581 | Trajectory Planning and Control for Differentially Flat Fixed-Wing
Aerial Systems | [
"cs.RO"
] | Efficient real-time trajectory planning and control for fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles is challenging due to their non-holonomic nature, complex dynamics, and the additional uncertainties introduced by unknown aerodynamic effects. In this paper, we present a fast and efficient real-time trajectory planning and con... | {
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2502.00582 | Uniform-in-time weak propagation of chaos for consensus-based
optimization | [
"math.OC",
"cs.LG",
"math.PR"
] | We study the uniform-in-time weak propagation of chaos for the consensus-based optimization (CBO) method on a bounded searching domain. We apply the methodology for studying long-time behaviors of interacting particle systems developed in the work of Delarue and Tse (ArXiv:2104.14973). Our work shows that the weak erro... | {
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2502.00583 | Data-Driven Mispronunciation Pattern Discovery for Robust Speech
Recognition | [
"cs.CL",
"cs.SD",
"eess.AS"
] | Recent advancements in machine learning have significantly improved speech recognition, but recognizing speech from non-fluent or accented speakers remains a challenge. Previous efforts, relying on rule-based pronunciation patterns, have struggled to fully capture non-native errors. We propose two data-driven approache... | {
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2502.00585 | Converting Transformers into DGNNs Form | [
"cs.LG",
"cs.CL"
] | Recent advances in deep learning have established Transformer architectures as the predominant modeling paradigm. Central to the success of Transformers is the self-attention mechanism, which scores the similarity between query and key matrices to modulate a value matrix. This operation bears striking similarities to d... | {
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2502.00587 | Robust Knowledge Distillation in Federated Learning: Counteracting
Backdoor Attacks | [
"cs.CR",
"cs.AI"
] | Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across multiple devices while preserving data privacy. However, it remains susceptible to backdoor attacks, where malicious participants can compromise the global model. Existing defence methods are limited by strict assumptions on data heterogeneity (Non-Ind... | {
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2502.00592 | M+: Extending MemoryLLM with Scalable Long-Term Memory | [
"cs.CL"
] | Equipping large language models (LLMs) with latent-space memory has attracted increasing attention as they can extend the context window of existing language models. However, retaining information from the distant past remains a challenge. For example, MemoryLLM (Wang et al., 2024a), as a representative work with laten... | {
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2502.00593 | Dominated Novelty Search: Rethinking Local Competition in
Quality-Diversity | [
"cs.NE",
"cs.LG"
] | Quality-Diversity is a family of evolutionary algorithms that generate diverse, high-performing solutions through local competition principles inspired by natural evolution. While research has focused on improving specific aspects of Quality-Diversity algorithms, surprisingly little attention has been paid to investiga... | {
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2502.00594 | Fast Vision Mamba: Pooling Spatial Dimensions for Accelerated Processing | [
"cs.CV",
"cs.AI"
] | State Space Models (SSMs) with selective scan (Mamba) have been adapted into efficient vision models. Mamba, unlike Vision Transformers, achieves linear complexity for token interactions through a recurrent hidden state process. This sequential processing is enhanced by a parallel scan algorithm, which reduces the comp... | {
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2502.00595 | RPGBENCH: Evaluating Large Language Models as Role-Playing Game Engines | [
"cs.CL",
"cs.AI"
] | We present RPGBench, the first benchmark designed to evaluate large language models (LLMs) as text-based role-playing game (RPG) engines. RPGBench comprises two core tasks: Game Creation (GC) and Game Simulation (GS). In GC, an LLM must craft a valid and playable RPG world using a structured event-state representation,... | {
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2502.00596 | Rewinding the byte trail of the White Whale | [
"cs.IT",
"math.IT"
] | Motivated by a popular code golf challenge, we review some key ideas from information theory and discuss how to efficiently compress a streaming file with an acceptable error rate. | {
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2502.00601 | Enhancing Offline Reinforcement Learning with Curriculum Learning-Based
Trajectory Valuation | [
"cs.LG"
] | The success of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) relies on the availability and quality of training data, often requiring extensive interactions with specific environments. In many real-world scenarios, where data collection is costly and risky, offline reinforcement learning (RL) offers a solution by utilizing data co... | {
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2502.00602 | Mitigating Heterogeneous Token Overfitting in LLM Knowledge Editing | [
"cs.CL",
"cs.LG"
] | Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance on various natural language tasks. However, they are trained on static corpora and their knowledge can become outdated quickly in the fast-changing world. This motivates the development of knowledge editing (KE) to update specific knowledge in LLMs witho... | {
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2502.00604 | Gradient Alignment in Physics-informed Neural Networks: A Second-Order
Optimization Perspective | [
"cs.LG",
"cs.AI",
"physics.comp-ph"
] | Multi-task learning through composite loss functions is fundamental to modern deep learning, yet optimizing competing objectives remains challenging. We present new theoretical and practical approaches for addressing directional conflicts between loss terms, demonstrating their effectiveness in physics-informed neural ... | {
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2502.00605 | The Query/Hit Model for Sequential Hypothesis Testing | [
"cs.IT",
"cs.LG",
"eess.SP",
"math.IT"
] | This work introduces the Query/Hit (Q/H) learning model. The setup consists of two agents. One agent, Alice, has access to a streaming source, while the other, Bob, does not have direct access to the source. Communication occurs through sequential Q/H pairs: Bob sends a sequence of source symbols (queries), and Alice r... | {
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2502.00607 | PAC Learning is just Bipartite Matching (Sort of) | [
"cs.LG",
"cs.DS",
"stat.ML"
] | The main goal of this article is to convince you, the reader, that supervised learning in the Probably Approximately Correct (PAC) model is closely related to -- of all things -- bipartite matching! En-route from PAC learning to bipartite matching, I will overview a particular transductive model of learning, and associ... | {
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2502.00611 | Enhancing Code Consistency in AI Research with Large Language Models and
Retrieval-Augmented Generation | [
"cs.SE",
"cs.AI"
] | Ensuring that code accurately reflects the algorithms and methods described in research papers is critical for maintaining credibility and fostering trust in AI research. This paper presents a novel system designed to verify code implementations against the algorithms and methodologies outlined in corresponding researc... | {
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2502.00612 | Using Causality for Enhanced Prediction of Web Traffic Time Series | [
"cs.LG",
"cs.NI"
] | Predicting web service traffic has significant social value, as it can be applied to various practical scenarios, including but not limited to dynamic resource scaling, load balancing, system anomaly detection, service-level agreement compliance, and fraud detection. Web service traffic is characterized by frequent and... | {
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2502.00617 | Efficient Language Modeling for Low-Resource Settings with Hybrid
RNN-Transformer Architectures | [
"cs.CL"
] | Transformer-based language models have recently been at the forefront of active research in text generation. However, these models' advances come at the price of prohibitive training costs, with parameter counts in the billions and compute requirements measured in petaflop/s-decades. In this paper, we investigate trans... | {
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2502.00618 | DesCLIP: Robust Continual Adaptation via General Attribute Descriptions
for Pretrained Vision-Language Models | [
"cs.CV",
"cs.AI"
] | Continual adaptation of vision-language models (VLMs) focuses on leveraging cross-modal pretrained knowledge to incrementally adapt for expanding downstream tasks and datasets, while tackling the challenge of knowledge forgetting. Existing research often focuses on connecting visual features with specific class text in... | {
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2502.00619 | Distribution-aware Fairness Learning in Medical Image Segmentation From
A Control-Theoretic Perspective | [
"eess.IV",
"cs.AI",
"cs.CV"
] | Ensuring fairness in medical image segmentation is critical due to biases in imbalanced clinical data acquisition caused by demographic attributes (e.g., age, sex, race) and clinical factors (e.g., disease severity). To address these challenges, we introduce Distribution-aware Mixture of Experts (dMoE), inspired by opt... | {
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2502.00620 | Representations Shape Weak-to-Strong Generalization: Theoretical
Insights and Empirical Predictions | [
"cs.LG",
"cs.AI"
] | Weak-to-Strong Generalization (W2SG), where a weak model supervises a stronger one, serves as an important analogy for understanding how humans might guide superhuman intelligence in the future. Promising empirical results revealed that a strong model can surpass its weak supervisor. While recent work has offered theor... | {
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2502.00622 | Strengthening Generative Robot Policies through Predictive World
Modeling | [
"cs.RO",
"cs.CV",
"cs.LG"
] | We present generative predictive control (GPC), a learning control framework that (i) clones a generative diffusion-based policy from expert demonstrations, (ii) trains a predictive action-conditioned world model from both expert demonstrations and random explorations, and (iii) synthesizes an online planner that ranks... | {
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2502.00627 | Discord Unveiled: A Comprehensive Dataset of Public Communication
(2015-2024) | [
"cs.SI",
"cs.DB"
] | Discord has evolved from a gaming-focused communication tool into a versatile platform supporting diverse online communities. Despite its large user base and active public servers, academic research on Discord remains limited due to data accessibility challenges. This paper introduces Discord Unveiled: A Comprehensive ... | {
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2502.00629 | Advanced Weakly-Supervised Formula Exploration for Neuro-Symbolic
Mathematical Reasoning | [
"cs.AI",
"cs.LG"
] | In recent years, neuro-symbolic methods have become a popular and powerful approach that augments artificial intelligence systems with the capability to perform abstract, logical, and quantitative deductions with enhanced precision and controllability. Recent studies successfully performed symbolic reasoning by leverag... | {
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2502.00630 | Self-Prompt SAM: Medical Image Segmentation via Automatic Prompt SAM
Adaptation | [
"cs.CV"
] | Segment Anything Model (SAM) has demonstrated impressive zero-shot performance and brought a range of unexplored capabilities to natural image segmentation tasks. However, as a very important branch of image segmentation, the performance of SAM remains uncertain when applied to medical image segmentation due to the sig... | {
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2502.00631 | MedConv: Convolutions Beat Transformers on Long-Tailed Bone Density
Prediction | [
"cs.CV"
] | Bone density prediction via CT scans to estimate T-scores is crucial, providing a more precise assessment of bone health compared to traditional methods like X-ray bone density tests, which lack spatial resolution and the ability to detect localized changes. However, CT-based prediction faces two major challenges: the ... | {
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2502.00633 | Lipschitz Lifelong Monte Carlo Tree Search for Mastering Non-Stationary
Tasks | [
"cs.AI"
] | Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) has proven highly effective in solving complex planning tasks by balancing exploration and exploitation using Upper Confidence Bound for Trees (UCT). However, existing work have not considered MCTS-based lifelong planning, where an agent faces a non-stationary series of tasks -- e.g., wit... | {
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2502.00634 | SimulPL: Aligning Human Preferences in Simultaneous Machine Translation | [
"cs.CL",
"cs.AI"
] | Simultaneous Machine Translation (SiMT) generates translations while receiving streaming source inputs. This requires the SiMT model to learn a read/write policy, deciding when to translate and when to wait for more source input. Numerous linguistic studies indicate that audiences in SiMT scenarios have distinct prefer... | {
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2502.00639 | Zeroth-order Informed Fine-Tuning for Diffusion Model: A Recursive
Likelihood Ratio Optimizer | [
"cs.CV",
"cs.AI",
"cs.LG",
"stat.ML"
] | The probabilistic diffusion model (DM), generating content by inferencing through a recursive chain structure, has emerged as a powerful framework for visual generation. After pre-training on enormous unlabeled data, the model needs to be properly aligned to meet requirements for downstream applications. How to efficie... | {
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2502.00640 | CollabLLM: From Passive Responders to Active Collaborators | [
"cs.AI"
] | Large Language Models are typically trained with next-turn rewards, limiting their ability to optimize for long-term interaction. As a result, they often respond passively to ambiguous or open-ended user requests, failing to help users reach their ultimate intents and leading to inefficient conversations. To address th... | {
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2502.00641 | Evaluating Small Language Models for News Summarization: Implications
and Factors Influencing Performance | [
"cs.CL",
"cs.AI"
] | The increasing demand for efficient summarization tools in resource-constrained environments highlights the need for effective solutions. While large language models (LLMs) deliver superior summarization quality, their high computational resource requirements limit practical use applications. In contrast, small languag... | {
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2502.00645 | General Coded Computing in a Probabilistic Straggler Regime | [
"cs.DC",
"cs.LG"
] | Coded computing has demonstrated promising results in addressing straggler resiliency in distributed computing systems. However, most coded computing schemes are designed for exact computation, requiring the number of responding servers to exceed a certain recovery threshold. Additionally, these schemes are tailored fo... | {
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2502.00646 | TrojanTime: Backdoor Attacks on Time Series Classification | [
"cs.CR",
"cs.AI",
"cs.LG"
] | Time Series Classification (TSC) is highly vulnerable to backdoor attacks, posing significant security threats. Existing methods primarily focus on data poisoning during the training phase, designing sophisticated triggers to improve stealthiness and attack success rate (ASR). However, in practical scenarios, attackers... | {
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2502.00648 | Agency in the Age of AI | [
"cs.AI",
"cs.MA"
] | There is significant concern about the impact of generative AI on society. Modern AI tools are capable of generating ever more realistic text, images, and videos, and functional code, from minimal prompts. Accompanying this rise in ability and usability, there is increasing alarm about the misuses to which these tools ... | {
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2502.00652 | Reformulation is All You Need: Addressing Malicious Text Features in
DNNs | [
"cs.LG",
"cs.CL",
"cs.CR"
] | Human language encompasses a wide range of intricate and diverse implicit features, which attackers can exploit to launch adversarial or backdoor attacks, compromising DNN models for NLP tasks. Existing model-oriented defenses often require substantial computational resources as model size increases, whereas sample-ori... | {
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2502.00654 | EmoTalkingGaussian: Continuous Emotion-conditioned Talking Head
Synthesis | [
"cs.CV"
] | 3D Gaussian splatting-based talking head synthesis has recently gained attention for its ability to render high-fidelity images with real-time inference speed. However, since it is typically trained on only a short video that lacks the diversity in facial emotions, the resultant talking heads struggle to represent a wi... | {
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2502.00657 | LLM Safety Alignment is Divergence Estimation in Disguise | [
"cs.LG",
"cs.AI",
"cs.CY",
"stat.ML"
] | We propose a theoretical framework demonstrating that popular Large Language Model (LLM) alignment methods, including Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) and alternatives, fundamentally function as divergence estimators between aligned (preferred or safe) and unaligned (less-preferred or harmful) distribu... | {
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2502.00661 | EKF-Based Radar-Inertial Odometry with Online Temporal Calibration | [
"cs.RO"
] | Accurate time synchronization between heterogeneous sensors is crucial for ensuring robust state estimation in multi-sensor fusion systems. Sensor delays often cause discrepancies between the actual time when the event was captured and the time of sensor measurement, leading to temporal misalignment (time offset) betwe... | {
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2502.00662 | Mitigating the Modality Gap: Few-Shot Out-of-Distribution Detection with
Multi-modal Prototypes and Image Bias Estimation | [
"cs.CV",
"cs.CL",
"cs.LG"
] | Existing vision-language model (VLM)-based methods for out-of-distribution (OOD) detection typically rely on similarity scores between input images and in-distribution (ID) text prototypes. However, the modality gap between image and text often results in high false positive rates, as OOD samples can exhibit high simil... | {
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} |
2502.00663 | Enhanced Convolutional Neural Networks for Improved Image Classification | [
"cs.CV",
"cs.AI"
] | Image classification is a fundamental task in computer vision with diverse applications, ranging from autonomous systems to medical imaging. The CIFAR-10 dataset is a widely used benchmark to evaluate the performance of classification models on small-scale, multi-class datasets. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) hav... | {
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2502.00665 | Cross-Modal Synergies: Unveiling the Potential of Motion-Aware Fusion
Networks in Handling Dynamic and Static ReID Scenarios | [
"cs.CV"
] | Navigating the complexities of person re-identification (ReID) in varied surveillance scenarios, particularly when occlusions occur, poses significant challenges. We introduce an innovative Motion-Aware Fusion (MOTAR-FUSE) network that utilizes motion cues derived from static imagery to significantly enhance ReID capab... | {
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2502.00666 | Avoiding $\mathbf{exp(R_{max})}$ scaling in RLHF through
Preference-based Exploration | [
"cs.LG",
"cs.AI",
"stat.ML"
] | Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has emerged as a pivotal technique for large language model (LLM) alignment. This paper studies the setting of online RLHF and focus on improving sample efficiency. All existing algorithms in online RLHF, whether doing passive exploration or active exploration, suffer f... | {
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2502.00669 | Safety Alignment Depth in Large Language Models: A Markov Chain
Perspective | [
"cs.LG"
] | Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly adopted in high-stakes scenarios, yet their safety mechanisms often remain fragile. Simple jailbreak prompts or even benign fine-tuning can bypass these protocols, underscoring the need to understand where and how they fail. Recent findings suggest that vulnerabilities emer... | {
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2502.00672 | Biogeochemistry-Informed Neural Network (BINN) for Improving Accuracy of
Model Prediction and Scientific Understanding of Soil Organic Carbon | [
"physics.geo-ph",
"cs.AI"
] | Big data and the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) provide unprecedented opportunities to enhance our understanding of the global carbon cycle and other biogeochemical processes. However, retrieving mechanistic knowledge from big data remains a challenge. Here, we develop a Biogeochemistry-Informed Neur... | {
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2502.00673 | Retracted Citations and Self-citations in Retracted Publications: A
Comparative Study of Plagiarism and Fake Peer Review | [
"cs.IR"
] | Retracted citations remain a significant concern in academia as they perpetuate misinformation and compromise the integrity of scientific literature despite their invalidation. To analyze the impact of retracted citations, we focused on two retraction categories: plagiarism and fake peer review. The data set was source... | {
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"cs.SI": 0,
"cs.SY": 0
} |
2502.00674 | Rethinking Mixture-of-Agents: Is Mixing Different Large Language Models
Beneficial? | [
"cs.CL",
"cs.LG"
] | Ensembling outputs from diverse sources is a straightforward yet effective approach to boost performance. Mixture-of-Agents (MoA) is one such popular ensemble method that aggregates outputs from multiple different Large Language Models (LLMs). This paper raises the question in the context of language models: is mixing ... | {
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} |
2502.00675 | ReFoRCE: A Text-to-SQL Agent with Self-Refinement, Format Restriction,
and Column Exploration | [
"cs.CL"
] | Text-to-SQL systems have unlocked easier access to critical data insights by enabling natural language queries over structured databases. However, deploying such systems in enterprise environments remains challenging due to factors such as large, complex schemas (> 3000 columns), diverse SQL dialects (e.g., BigQuery, S... | {
"Other": 0,
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} |
2502.00677 | LLM-based event log analysis techniques: A survey | [
"cs.AI",
"cs.CR"
] | Event log analysis is an important task that security professionals undertake. Event logs record key information on activities that occur on computing devices, and due to the substantial number of events generated, they consume a large amount of time and resources to analyse. This demanding and repetitive task is also ... | {
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} |
2502.00678 | How Contaminated Is Your Benchmark? Quantifying Dataset Leakage in Large
Language Models with Kernel Divergence | [
"cs.LG",
"cs.AI",
"cs.CL"
] | Dataset contamination, where evaluation datasets overlap with pre-training corpora, inflates performance metrics and undermines the reliability of model evaluations. Quantifying dataset contamination thus becomes essential to ensure that performance evaluations genuinely reflect a model's ability to generalize to unsee... | {
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"cs.SY": 0
} |
2502.00681 | A Survey of Quantized Graph Representation Learning: Connecting Graph
Structures with Large Language Models | [
"cs.LG",
"cs.AI",
"cs.CL"
] | Recent years have witnessed rapid advances in graph representation learning, with the continuous embedding approach emerging as the dominant paradigm. However, such methods encounter issues regarding parameter efficiency, interpretability, and robustness. Thus, Quantized Graph Representation (QGR) learning has recently... | {
"Other": 0,
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} |
2502.00682 | Guidance Source Matters: How Guidance from AI, Expert, or a Group of
Analysts Impacts Visual Data Preparation and Analysis | [
"cs.HC",
"cs.AI"
] | The progress in generative AI has fueled AI-powered tools like co-pilots and assistants to provision better guidance, particularly during data analysis. However, research on guidance has not yet examined the perceived efficacy of the source from which guidance is offered and the impact of this source on the user's perc... | {
"Other": 0,
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"cs.SY": 0
} |
2502.00683 | IEEEICM25: "Stability of Digital Robust Motion Control Systems with
Disturbance Observer" | [
"eess.SY",
"cs.SY"
] | In this paper, new stability analysis methods are proposed for digital robust motion control systems implemented using a disturbance observer. | {
"Other": 0,
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} |
2502.00684 | Compositional Concept-Based Neuron-Level Interpretability for Deep
Reinforcement Learning | [
"cs.LG",
"cs.AI"
] | Deep reinforcement learning (DRL), through learning policies or values represented by neural networks, has successfully addressed many complex control problems. However, the neural networks introduced by DRL lack interpretability and transparency. Current DRL interpretability methods largely treat neural networks as bl... | {
"Other": 0,
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"cs.SY": 0
} |
2502.00685 | IEEEICM25: "A High-Performance Disturbance Observer" | [
"eess.SY",
"cs.RO",
"cs.SY"
] | This paper proposes a novel Disturbance Observer, termed the High-Performance Disturbance Observer, which achieves more accurate disturbance estimation compared to the conventional disturbance observer, thereby delivering significant improvements in robustness and performance for motion control systems. | {
"Other": 0,
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} |
2502.00686 | Improved Community Detection using Stochastic Block Models | [
"cs.SI"
] | Identifying edge-dense communities that are also well-connected is an important aspect of understanding community structure. Prior work has shown that community detection methods can produce poorly connected communities, and some can even produce internally disconnected communities. In this study we evaluate the connec... | {
"Other": 0,
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"cs.SD": 0,
"cs.SI": 1,
"cs.SY": 0
} |
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