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2502.04356
Open Foundation Models in Healthcare: Challenges, Paradoxes, and Opportunities with GenAI Driven Personalized Prescription
[ "cs.CL", "cs.AI", "cs.LG" ]
In response to the success of proprietary Large Language Models (LLMs) such as OpenAI's GPT-4, there is a growing interest in developing open, non-proprietary LLMs and AI foundation models (AIFMs) for transparent use in academic, scientific, and non-commercial applications. Despite their inability to match the refined ...
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2502.04357
Reusing Embeddings: Reproducible Reward Model Research in Large Language Model Alignment without GPUs
[ "cs.CL", "cs.AI", "cs.LG" ]
Large Language Models (LLMs) have made substantial strides in structured tasks through Reinforcement Learning (RL), demonstrating proficiency in mathematical reasoning and code generation. However, applying RL in broader domains like chatbots and content generation -- through the process known as Reinforcement Learning...
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2502.04358
Position: Scaling LLM Agents Requires Asymptotic Analysis with LLM Primitives
[ "cs.CL", "cs.AI", "cs.CC", "cs.LG", "cs.NE" ]
Decomposing hard problems into subproblems often makes them easier and more efficient to solve. With large language models (LLMs) crossing critical reliability thresholds for a growing slate of capabilities, there is an increasing effort to decompose systems into sets of LLM-based agents, each of whom can be delegated ...
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2502.04359
Exploring Spatial Language Grounding Through Referring Expressions
[ "cs.CL", "cs.AI", "cs.CV" ]
Spatial Reasoning is an important component of human cognition and is an area in which the latest Vision-language models (VLMs) show signs of difficulty. The current analysis works use image captioning tasks and visual question answering. In this work, we propose using the Referring Expression Comprehension task instea...
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2502.04360
MARAGE: Transferable Multi-Model Adversarial Attack for Retrieval-Augmented Generation Data Extraction
[ "cs.CL", "cs.CR", "cs.LG" ]
Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) offers a solution to mitigate hallucinations in Large Language Models (LLMs) by grounding their outputs to knowledge retrieved from external sources. The use of private resources and data in constructing these external data stores can expose them to risks of extraction attacks, in w...
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2502.04361
Predicting 3D Motion from 2D Video for Behavior-Based VR Biometrics
[ "cs.CV", "cs.AI", "cs.HC" ]
Critical VR applications in domains such as healthcare, education, and finance that use traditional credentials, such as PIN, password, or multi-factor authentication, stand the chance of being compromised if a malicious person acquires the user credentials or if the user hands over their credentials to an ally. Recent...
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2502.04362
LLMs can be easily Confused by Instructional Distractions
[ "cs.CL", "cs.AI" ]
Despite the fact that large language models (LLMs) show exceptional skill in instruction following tasks, this strength can turn into a vulnerability when the models are required to disregard certain instructions. Instruction-following tasks typically involve a clear task description and input text containing the targe...
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2502.04363
On-device Sora: Enabling Diffusion-Based Text-to-Video Generation for Mobile Devices
[ "cs.CV" ]
We present On-device Sora, a first pioneering solution for diffusion-based on-device text-to-video generation that operates efficiently on smartphone-grade devices. Building on Open-Sora, On-device Sora applies three novel techniques to address the challenges of diffusion-based text-to-video generation on computation- ...
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2502.04364
Lost in Edits? A $\lambda$-Compass for AIGC Provenance
[ "cs.CV", "cs.AI", "cs.HC", "cs.LG" ]
Recent advancements in diffusion models have driven the growth of text-guided image editing tools, enabling precise and iterative modifications of synthesized content. However, as these tools become increasingly accessible, they also introduce significant risks of misuse, emphasizing the critical need for robust attrib...
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2502.04365
AI-Based Thermal Video Analysis in Privacy-Preserving Healthcare: A Case Study on Detecting Time of Birth
[ "cs.CV", "cs.AI" ]
Approximately 10% of newborns need some assistance to start breathing and 5\% proper ventilation. It is crucial that interventions are initiated as soon as possible after birth. Accurate documentation of Time of Birth (ToB) is thereby essential for documenting and improving newborn resuscitation performance. However, c...
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2502.04366
Contrastive Token-level Explanations for Graph-based Rumour Detection
[ "cs.CL", "cs.AI", "cs.LG" ]
The widespread use of social media has accelerated the dissemination of information, but it has also facilitated the spread of harmful rumours, which can disrupt economies, influence political outcomes, and exacerbate public health crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. While Graph Neural Network (GNN)-based approaches...
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2502.04367
Hybrid Deep Learning Framework for Classification of Kidney CT Images: Diagnosis of Stones, Cysts, and Tumors
[ "eess.IV", "cs.CV", "cs.LG" ]
Medical image classification is a vital research area that utilizes advanced computational techniques to improve disease diagnosis and treatment planning. Deep learning models, especially Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), have transformed this field by providing automated and precise analysis of complex medical ima...
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2502.04369
HSI: A Holistic Style Injector for Arbitrary Style Transfer
[ "cs.CV", "cs.LG", "eess.IV" ]
Attention-based arbitrary style transfer methods have gained significant attention recently due to their impressive ability to synthesize style details. However, the point-wise matching within the attention mechanism may overly focus on local patterns such that neglect the remarkable global features of style images. Ad...
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2502.04370
DreamDPO: Aligning Text-to-3D Generation with Human Preferences via Direct Preference Optimization
[ "cs.CL", "cs.GR", "cs.LG" ]
Text-to-3D generation automates 3D content creation from textual descriptions, which offers transformative potential across various fields. However, existing methods often struggle to align generated content with human preferences, limiting their applicability and flexibility. To address these limitations, in this pape...
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2502.04371
PerPO: Perceptual Preference Optimization via Discriminative Rewarding
[ "cs.AI", "cs.CL", "cs.LG" ]
This paper presents Perceptual Preference Optimization (PerPO), a perception alignment method aimed at addressing the visual discrimination challenges in generative pre-trained multimodal large language models (MLLMs). To align MLLMs with human visual perception process, PerPO employs discriminative rewarding to gather...
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2502.04372
Mining Unstructured Medical Texts With Conformal Active Learning
[ "cs.CL", "cs.LG", "stat.ML" ]
The extraction of relevant data from Electronic Health Records (EHRs) is crucial to identifying symptoms and automating epidemiological surveillance processes. By harnessing the vast amount of unstructured text in EHRs, we can detect patterns that indicate the onset of disease outbreaks, enabling faster, more targeted ...
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2502.04375
An Analysis for Reasoning Bias of Language Models with Small Initialization
[ "cs.CL", "cs.LG" ]
Transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized Natural Language Processing by demonstrating exceptional performance across diverse tasks. This study investigates the impact of the parameter initialization scale on the training behavior and task preferences of LLMs. We discover that smaller initializ...
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2502.04376
MEETING DELEGATE: Benchmarking LLMs on Attending Meetings on Our Behalf
[ "cs.CL", "cs.AI" ]
In contemporary workplaces, meetings are essential for exchanging ideas and ensuring team alignment but often face challenges such as time consumption, scheduling conflicts, and inefficient participation. Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated their strong capabilities in natural language...
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2502.04377
MapFusion: A Novel BEV Feature Fusion Network for Multi-modal Map Construction
[ "cs.CV", "cs.AI" ]
Map construction task plays a vital role in providing precise and comprehensive static environmental information essential for autonomous driving systems. Primary sensors include cameras and LiDAR, with configurations varying between camera-only, LiDAR-only, or camera-LiDAR fusion, based on cost-performance considerati...
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2502.04378
DILLEMA: Diffusion and Large Language Models for Multi-Modal Augmentation
[ "cs.CV", "cs.GR", "cs.LG", "cs.SE" ]
Ensuring the robustness of deep learning models requires comprehensive and diverse testing. Existing approaches, often based on simple data augmentation techniques or generative adversarial networks, are limited in producing realistic and varied test cases. To address these limitations, we present a novel framework for...
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2502.04379
Can Large Language Models Capture Video Game Engagement?
[ "cs.CV", "cs.AI", "cs.CL", "cs.HC" ]
Can out-of-the-box pretrained Large Language Models (LLMs) detect human affect successfully when observing a video? To address this question, for the first time, we evaluate comprehensively the capacity of popular LLMs to annotate and successfully predict continuous affect annotations of videos when prompted by a seque...
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2502.04380
Diversity as a Reward: Fine-Tuning LLMs on a Mixture of Domain-Undetermined Data
[ "cs.CL", "cs.AI", "cs.LG" ]
Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) using diverse datasets is crucial for enhancing their overall performance across various domains. In practical scenarios, existing methods based on modeling the mixture proportions of data composition often struggle with data whose domain labels are missing, imprecise or non-nor...
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2502.04381
Limitations of Large Language Models in Clinical Problem-Solving Arising from Inflexible Reasoning
[ "cs.CL", "cs.AI" ]
Large Language Models (LLMs) have attained human-level accuracy on medical question-answer (QA) benchmarks. However, their limitations in navigating open-ended clinical scenarios have recently been shown, raising concerns about the robustness and generalizability of LLM reasoning across diverse, real-world medical task...
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2502.04382
Sparse Autoencoders for Hypothesis Generation
[ "cs.CL", "cs.AI", "cs.CY" ]
We describe HypotheSAEs, a general method to hypothesize interpretable relationships between text data (e.g., headlines) and a target variable (e.g., clicks). HypotheSAEs has three steps: (1) train a sparse autoencoder on text embeddings to produce interpretable features describing the data distribution, (2) select fea...
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2502.04384
Enhancing Reasoning to Adapt Large Language Models for Domain-Specific Applications
[ "cs.CL", "cs.AI", "cs.LG", "cs.SY", "eess.SY" ]
This paper presents SOLOMON, a novel Neuro-inspired Large Language Model (LLM) Reasoning Network architecture that enhances the adaptability of foundation models for domain-specific applications. Through a case study in semiconductor layout design, we demonstrate how SOLOMON enables swift adaptation of general-purpose ...
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2502.04385
TexLiDAR: Automated Text Understanding for Panoramic LiDAR Data
[ "cs.CV", "cs.AI" ]
Efforts to connect LiDAR data with text, such as LidarCLIP, have primarily focused on embedding 3D point clouds into CLIP text-image space. However, these approaches rely on 3D point clouds, which present challenges in encoding efficiency and neural network processing. With the advent of advanced LiDAR sensors like Ous...
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2502.04386
Towards Fair Medical AI: Adversarial Debiasing of 3D CT Foundation Embeddings
[ "cs.CV", "cs.AI", "cs.LG" ]
Self-supervised learning has revolutionized medical imaging by enabling efficient and generalizable feature extraction from large-scale unlabeled datasets. Recently, self-supervised foundation models have been extended to three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) data, generating compact, information-rich embeddi...
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2502.04387
FedP$^2$EFT: Federated Learning to Personalize Parameter Efficient Fine-Tuning for Multilingual LLMs
[ "cs.CL", "cs.AI" ]
Federated learning (FL) has enabled the training of multilingual large language models (LLMs) on diverse and decentralized multilingual data, especially on low-resource languages. To improve client-specific performance, personalization via the use of parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) modules such as LoRA is common...
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2502.04388
Position: Emergent Machina Sapiens Urge Rethinking Multi-Agent Paradigms
[ "cs.MA", "cs.AI" ]
Artificially intelligent (AI) agents that are capable of autonomous learning and independent decision-making hold great promise for addressing complex challenges across domains like transportation, energy systems, and manufacturing. However, the surge in AI systems' design and deployment driven by various stakeholders ...
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2502.04389
Overcoming Vision Language Model Challenges in Diagram Understanding: A Proof-of-Concept with XML-Driven Large Language Models Solutions
[ "cs.SE", "cs.AI" ]
Diagrams play a crucial role in visually conveying complex relationships and processes within business documentation. Despite recent advances in Vision-Language Models (VLMs) for various image understanding tasks, accurately identifying and extracting the structures and relationships depicted in diagrams continues to p...
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2502.04390
In Praise of Stubbornness: The Case for Cognitive-Dissonance-Aware Knowledge Updates in LLMs
[ "cs.CL", "cs.AI", "cs.LG", "q-bio.NC" ]
Despite remarkable capabilities, large language models (LLMs) struggle to continually update their knowledge without catastrophic forgetting. In contrast, humans effortlessly integrate new information, detect conflicts with existing beliefs, and selectively update their mental models. This paper introduces a cognitive-...
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2502.04391
Towards Fair and Robust Face Parsing for Generative AI: A Multi-Objective Approach
[ "cs.CV", "cs.AI" ]
Face parsing is a fundamental task in computer vision, enabling applications such as identity verification, facial editing, and controllable image synthesis. However, existing face parsing models often lack fairness and robustness, leading to biased segmentation across demographic groups and errors under occlusions, no...
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2502.04392
Division-of-Thoughts: Harnessing Hybrid Language Model Synergy for Efficient On-Device Agents
[ "cs.CL", "cs.AI" ]
The rapid expansion of web content has made on-device AI assistants indispensable for helping users manage the increasing complexity of online tasks. The emergent reasoning ability in large language models offer a promising path for next-generation on-device AI agents. However, deploying full-scale Large Language Model...
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2502.04393
UniCP: A Unified Caching and Pruning Framework for Efficient Video Generation
[ "cs.CV" ]
Diffusion Transformers (DiT) excel in video generation but encounter significant computational challenges due to the quadratic complexity of attention. Notably, attention differences between adjacent diffusion steps follow a U-shaped pattern. Current methods leverage this property by caching attention blocks, however, ...
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2502.04394
DECT: Harnessing LLM-assisted Fine-Grained Linguistic Knowledge and Label-Switched and Label-Preserved Data Generation for Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease
[ "cs.CL", "cs.AI" ]
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disease affecting 50 million people worldwide. Low-cost, accurate identification of key markers of AD is crucial for timely diagnosis and intervention. Language impairment is one of the earliest signs of cognitive decline, which can be used to discriminate A...
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2502.04395
Time-VLM: Exploring Multimodal Vision-Language Models for Augmented Time Series Forecasting
[ "cs.CV", "cs.LG" ]
Recent advancements in time series forecasting have explored augmenting models with text or vision modalities to improve accuracy. While text provides contextual understanding, it often lacks fine-grained temporal details. Conversely, vision captures intricate temporal patterns but lacks semantic context, limiting the ...
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2502.04397
Multimodal Medical Code Tokenizer
[ "cs.CL", "cs.AI", "cs.LG" ]
Foundation models trained on patient electronic health records (EHRs) require tokenizing medical data into sequences of discrete vocabulary items. Existing tokenizers treat medical codes from EHRs as isolated textual tokens. However, each medical code is defined by its textual description, its position in ontological h...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 1, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 1, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 1, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2502.04398
XMTC: Explainable Early Classification of Multivariate Time Series in Reach-to-Grasp Hand Kinematics
[ "cs.LG", "cs.GR", "cs.HC" ]
Hand kinematics can be measured in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) with the intention to predict the user's intention in a reach-to-grasp action. Using multiple hand sensors, multivariate time series data are being captured. Given a number of possible actions on a number of objects, the goal is to classify the multiva...
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2502.04399
Online Location Planning for AI-Defined Vehicles: Optimizing Joint Tasks of Order Serving and Spatio-Temporal Heterogeneous Model Fine-Tuning
[ "cs.LG", "cs.AI", "cs.SY", "eess.SY" ]
Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) including foundation models (FMs), are increasingly transforming human society, with smart city driving the evolution of urban living.Meanwhile, vehicle crowdsensing (VCS) has emerged as a key enabler, leveraging vehicles' mobility and sensor-equipped capabilities. In particular...
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2502.04400
Adaptive Prototype Knowledge Transfer for Federated Learning with Mixed Modalities and Heterogeneous Tasks
[ "cs.LG", "cs.AI", "cs.CR", "cs.MM" ]
Multimodal Federated Learning (MFL) enables multiple clients to collaboratively train models on multimodal data while ensuring clients' privacy. However, modality and task heterogeneity hinder clients from learning a unified representation, weakening local model generalization, especially in MFL with mixed modalities w...
{ "Other": 1, "cs.AI": 1, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 1, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 1, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2502.04402
Beyond Interpolation: Extrapolative Reasoning with Reinforcement Learning and Graph Neural Networks
[ "cs.LG", "cs.AI" ]
Despite incredible progress, many neural architectures fail to properly generalize beyond their training distribution. As such, learning to reason in a correct and generalizable way is one of the current fundamental challenges in machine learning. In this respect, logic puzzles provide a great testbed, as we can fully ...
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2502.04403
Agency Is Frame-Dependent
[ "cs.AI" ]
Agency is a system's capacity to steer outcomes toward a goal, and is a central topic of study across biology, philosophy, cognitive science, and artificial intelligence. Determining if a system exhibits agency is a notoriously difficult question: Dennett (1989), for instance, highlights the puzzle of determining which...
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2502.04404
Step Back to Leap Forward: Self-Backtracking for Boosting Reasoning of Language Models
[ "cs.CL", "cs.AI" ]
The integration of slow-thinking mechanisms into large language models (LLMs) offers a promising way toward achieving Level 2 AGI Reasoners, as exemplified by systems like OpenAI's o1. However, several significant challenges remain, including inefficient overthinking and an overreliance on auxiliary reward models. We p...
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2502.04405
FAS: Fast ANN-SNN Conversion for Spiking Large Language Models
[ "cs.LG", "cs.AI", "cs.CL" ]
Spiking Large Language Models have been shown as a good alternative to LLMs in various scenarios. Existing methods for creating Spiking LLMs, i.e., direct training and ANN-SNN conversion, often suffer from performance degradation and relatively high computational costs. To address these issues, we propose a novel Fast ...
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2502.04406
Calibrated Physics-Informed Uncertainty Quantification
[ "cs.LG", "cs.AI", "physics.comp-ph" ]
Neural PDEs offer efficient alternatives to computationally expensive numerical PDE solvers for simulating complex physical systems. However, their lack of robust uncertainty quantification (UQ) limits deployment in critical applications. We introduce a model-agnostic, physics-informed conformal prediction (CP) framewo...
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2502.04407
Illuminating Spaces: Deep Reinforcement Learning and Laser-Wall Partitioning for Architectural Layout Generation
[ "cs.LG", "cs.AI" ]
Space layout design (SLD), occurring in the early stages of the design process, nonetheless influences both the functionality and aesthetics of the ultimate architectural outcome. The complexity of SLD necessitates innovative approaches to efficiently explore vast solution spaces. While image-based generative AI has em...
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2502.04408
Transforming Multimodal Models into Action Models for Radiotherapy
[ "cs.LG", "cs.AI" ]
Radiotherapy is a crucial cancer treatment that demands precise planning to balance tumor eradication and preservation of healthy tissue. Traditional treatment planning (TP) is iterative, time-consuming, and reliant on human expertise, which can potentially introduce variability and inefficiency. We propose a novel fra...
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2502.04409
Learning low-dimensional representations of ensemble forecast fields using autoencoder-based methods
[ "cs.LG", "physics.ao-ph" ]
Large-scale numerical simulations often produce high-dimensional gridded data that is challenging to process for downstream applications. A prime example is numerical weather prediction, where atmospheric processes are modeled using discrete gridded representations of the physical variables and dynamics. Uncertainties ...
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2502.04411
Mediator: Memory-efficient LLM Merging with Less Parameter Conflicts and Uncertainty Based Routing
[ "cs.LG", "cs.AI", "cs.CL" ]
Model merging aggregates Large Language Models (LLMs) finetuned on different tasks into a stronger one. However, parameter conflicts between models leads to performance degradation in averaging. While model routing addresses this issue by selecting individual models during inference, it imposes excessive storage and co...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 1, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 1, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 1, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2502.04412
Decoder-Only LLMs are Better Controllers for Diffusion Models
[ "cs.CV", "cs.AI", "cs.CL" ]
Groundbreaking advancements in text-to-image generation have recently been achieved with the emergence of diffusion models. These models exhibit a remarkable ability to generate highly artistic and intricately detailed images based on textual prompts. However, obtaining desired generation outcomes often necessitates re...
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2502.04413
MedRAG: Enhancing Retrieval-augmented Generation with Knowledge Graph-Elicited Reasoning for Healthcare Copilot
[ "cs.CL", "cs.AI", "cs.IR" ]
Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a well-suited technique for retrieving privacy-sensitive Electronic Health Records (EHR). It can serve as a key module of the healthcare copilot, helping reduce misdiagnosis for healthcare practitioners and patients. However, the diagnostic accuracy and specificity of existing he...
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2502.04415
TerraQ: Spatiotemporal Question-Answering on Satellite Image Archives
[ "cs.CV", "cs.AI" ]
TerraQ is a spatiotemporal question-answering engine for satellite image archives. It is a natural language processing system that is built to process requests for satellite images satisfying certain criteria. The requests can refer to image metadata and entities from a specialized knowledge base (e.g., the Emilia-Roma...
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2502.04416
CMoE: Fast Carving of Mixture-of-Experts for Efficient LLM Inference
[ "cs.LG", "cs.AI" ]
Large language models (LLMs) achieve impressive performance by scaling model parameters, but this comes with significant inference overhead. Feed-forward networks (FFNs), which dominate LLM parameters, exhibit high activation sparsity in hidden neurons. To exploit this, researchers have proposed using a mixture-of-expe...
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2502.04417
NeuralMOVES: A lightweight and microscopic vehicle emission estimation model based on reverse engineering and surrogate learning
[ "cs.LG", "cs.AI" ]
The transportation sector significantly contributes to greenhouse gas emissions, necessitating accurate emission models to guide mitigation strategies. Despite its field validation and certification, the industry-standard Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator (MOVES) faces challenges related to complexity in usage, high com...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 1, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 1, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2502.04418
Autotelic Reinforcement Learning: Exploring Intrinsic Motivations for Skill Acquisition in Open-Ended Environments
[ "cs.LG", "cs.AI" ]
This paper presents a comprehensive overview of autotelic Reinforcement Learning (RL), emphasizing the role of intrinsic motivations in the open-ended formation of skill repertoires. We delineate the distinctions between knowledge-based and competence-based intrinsic motivations, illustrating how these concepts inform ...
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2502.04419
Understanding and Mitigating the Bias Inheritance in LLM-based Data Augmentation on Downstream Tasks
[ "cs.LG", "cs.AI", "cs.CL" ]
Generating synthetic datasets via large language models (LLMs) themselves has emerged as a promising approach to improve LLM performance. However, LLMs inherently reflect biases present in their training data, leading to a critical challenge: when these models generate synthetic data for training, they may propagate an...
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2502.04420
KVTuner: Sensitivity-Aware Layer-wise Mixed Precision KV Cache Quantization for Efficient and Nearly Lossless LLM Inference
[ "cs.LG", "cs.AI", "cs.CL" ]
KV cache quantization can improve Large Language Models (LLMs) inference throughput and latency in long contexts and large batch-size scenarios while preserving LLMs effectiveness. However, current methods have three unsolved issues: overlooking layer-wise sensitivity to KV cache quantization, high overhead of online f...
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2502.04421
Assessing and Prioritizing Ransomware Risk Based on Historical Victim Data
[ "cs.CR", "cs.AI", "cs.LG" ]
We present an approach to identifying which ransomware adversaries are most likely to target specific entities, thereby assisting these entities in formulating better protection strategies. Ransomware poses a formidable cybersecurity threat characterized by profit-driven motives, a complex underlying economy supporting...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 1, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 1, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 1, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2502.04423
Primary Care Diagnoses as a Reliable Predictor for Orthopedic Surgical Interventions
[ "cs.LG", "cs.AI", "cs.CL" ]
Referral workflow inefficiencies, including misaligned referrals and delays, contribute to suboptimal patient outcomes and higher healthcare costs. In this study, we investigated the possibility of predicting procedural needs based on primary care diagnostic entries, thereby improving referral accuracy, streamlining wo...
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2502.04424
EmoBench-M: Benchmarking Emotional Intelligence for Multimodal Large Language Models
[ "cs.CL", "cs.AI" ]
With the integration of Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) into robotic systems and various AI applications, embedding emotional intelligence (EI) capabilities into these models is essential for enabling robots to effectively address human emotional needs and interact seamlessly in real-world scenarios. Existing ...
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2502.04426
Decoding AI Judgment: How LLMs Assess News Credibility and Bias
[ "cs.CL", "cs.AI", "cs.CY" ]
Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to assess news credibility, yet little is known about how they make these judgments. While prior research has examined political bias in LLM outputs or their potential for automated fact-checking, their internal evaluation processes remain largely unexamined. Understan...
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2502.04428
Confident or Seek Stronger: Exploring Uncertainty-Based On-device LLM Routing From Benchmarking to Generalization
[ "cs.CL", "cs.AI", "cs.LG" ]
Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed and democratized on edge devices. To improve the efficiency of on-device deployment, small language models (SLMs) are often adopted due to their efficient decoding latency and reduced energy consumption. However, these SLMs often generate inaccurate responses when ...
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2502.04457
"In order that" -- a data driven study of symptoms and causes of obsolescence
[ "cs.CL", "cs.CY" ]
The paper is an empirical case study of grammatical obsolescence in progress. The main studied variable is the purpose subordinator in order that, which is shown to be steadily decreasing in the frequency of use starting from the beginning of the twentieth century. This work applies a data-driven approach for the inves...
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2502.04463
Training Language Models to Reason Efficiently
[ "cs.LG", "cs.CL" ]
Scaling model size and training data has led to great advances in the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, the diminishing returns of this approach necessitate alternative methods to improve model capabilities, particularly in tasks requiring advanced reasoning. Large reasoning models, which leverage l...
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2502.04465
FocalCodec: Low-Bitrate Speech Coding via Focal Modulation Networks
[ "cs.LG", "cs.AI", "cs.SD", "eess.AS" ]
Large language models have revolutionized natural language processing through self-supervised pretraining on massive datasets. Inspired by this success, researchers have explored adapting these methods to speech by discretizing continuous audio into tokens using neural audio codecs. However, existing approaches face li...
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2502.04467
Efficient variable-length hanging tether parameterization for marsupial robot planning in 3D environments
[ "cs.RO" ]
This paper presents a novel approach to efficiently parameterize and estimate the state of a hanging tether for path and trajectory planning of a UGV tied to a UAV in a marsupial configuration. Most implementations in the state of the art assume a taut tether or make use of the catenary curve to model the shape of the ...
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2502.04468
Iterative Importance Fine-tuning of Diffusion Models
[ "cs.LG", "eess.IV", "math.PR" ]
Diffusion models are an important tool for generative modelling, serving as effective priors in applications such as imaging and protein design. A key challenge in applying diffusion models for downstream tasks is efficiently sampling from resulting posterior distributions, which can be addressed using the $h$-transfor...
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2502.04469
No Images, No Problem: Retaining Knowledge in Continual VQA with Questions-Only Memory
[ "cs.CV", "cs.AI" ]
Continual Learning in Visual Question Answering (VQACL) requires models to learn new visual-linguistic tasks (plasticity) while retaining knowledge from previous tasks (stability). The multimodal nature of VQACL presents unique challenges, requiring models to balance stability across visual and textual domains while ma...
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2502.04470
Color in Visual-Language Models: CLIP deficiencies
[ "cs.CV", "cs.AI" ]
This work explores how color is encoded in CLIP (Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training) which is currently the most influential VML (Visual Language model) in Artificial Intelligence. After performing different experiments on synthetic datasets created for this task, we conclude that CLIP is able to attribute correct...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 1, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 1, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2502.04471
Identifying Flaky Tests in Quantum Code: A Machine Learning Approach
[ "cs.SE", "cs.LG" ]
Testing and debugging quantum software pose significant challenges due to the inherent complexities of quantum mechanics, such as superposition and entanglement. One challenge is indeterminacy, a fundamental characteristic of quantum systems, which increases the likelihood of flaky tests in quantum programs. To the bes...
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2502.04475
Augmented Conditioning Is Enough For Effective Training Image Generation
[ "cs.CV", "cs.AI", "cs.LG" ]
Image generation abilities of text-to-image diffusion models have significantly advanced, yielding highly photo-realistic images from descriptive text and increasing the viability of leveraging synthetic images to train computer vision models. To serve as effective training data, generated images must be highly realist...
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2502.04476
ADIFF: Explaining audio difference using natural language
[ "cs.SD", "cs.AI", "eess.AS" ]
Understanding and explaining differences between audio recordings is crucial for fields like audio forensics, quality assessment, and audio generation. This involves identifying and describing audio events, acoustic scenes, signal characteristics, and their emotional impact on listeners. This paper stands out as the fi...
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2502.04478
OneTrack-M: A multitask approach to transformer-based MOT models
[ "cs.CV", "cs.LG" ]
Multi-Object Tracking (MOT) is a critical problem in computer vision, essential for understanding how objects move and interact in videos. This field faces significant challenges such as occlusions and complex environmental dynamics, impacting model accuracy and efficiency. While traditional approaches have relied on C...
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2502.04480
On Techniques for Barely Coupled Multiphysics
[ "cs.CE" ]
A technique to combine codes to solve barely coupled multiphysics problems has been developed. Each field is advanced separately until a stop is triggered. This could be due to a preset time increment, a preset number of timesteps, a preset decrease of residuals, a preset change in unknowns, a preset change in geometry...
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2502.04483
Measuring Physical Plausibility of 3D Human Poses Using Physics Simulation
[ "cs.CV" ]
Modeling humans in physical scenes is vital for understanding human-environment interactions for applications involving augmented reality or assessment of human actions from video (e.g. sports or physical rehabilitation). State-of-the-art literature begins with a 3D human pose, from monocular or multiple views, and use...
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2502.04484
The ML Supply Chain in the Era of Software 2.0: Lessons Learned from Hugging Face
[ "cs.SE", "cs.LG" ]
The last decade has seen widespread adoption of Machine Learning (ML) components in software systems. This has occurred in nearly every domain, from natural language processing to computer vision. These ML components range from relatively simple neural networks to complex and resource-intensive large language models. H...
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2502.04485
Active Task Disambiguation with LLMs
[ "cs.CL", "cs.AI", "cs.LG" ]
Despite the impressive performance of large language models (LLMs) across various benchmarks, their ability to address ambiguously specified problems--frequent in real-world interactions--remains underexplored. To address this gap, we introduce a formal definition of task ambiguity and frame the problem of task disambi...
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2502.04488
Building A Unified AI-centric Language System: analysis, framework and future work
[ "cs.CL", "cs.AI" ]
Recent advancements in large language models have demonstrated that extended inference through techniques can markedly improve performance, yet these gains come with increased computational costs and the propagation of inherent biases found in natural languages. This paper explores the design of a unified AI-centric la...
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2502.04489
CNN Autoencoders for Hierarchical Feature Extraction and Fusion in Multi-sensor Human Activity Recognition
[ "cs.LG", "cs.AI" ]
Deep learning methods have been widely used for Human Activity Recognition (HAR) using recorded signals from Iner-tial Measurement Units (IMUs) sensors that are installed on various parts of the human body. For this type of HAR, sev-eral challenges exist, the most significant of which is the analysis of multivarious IM...
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2502.04491
Provable Sample-Efficient Transfer Learning Conditional Diffusion Models via Representation Learning
[ "cs.LG", "math.ST", "stat.ML", "stat.TH" ]
While conditional diffusion models have achieved remarkable success in various applications, they require abundant data to train from scratch, which is often infeasible in practice. To address this issue, transfer learning has emerged as an essential paradigm in small data regimes. Despite its empirical success, the th...
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2502.04492
Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning with Focal Diversity Optimization
[ "cs.CL" ]
The advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) and their finetuning strategies has triggered the renewed interests in multi-agent reinforcement learning. In this paper, we introduce a focal diversity-optimized multi-agent reinforcement learning approach, coined as MARL-Focal, with three unique characteristics. First, ...
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2502.04493
LUND-PROBE -- LUND Prostate Radiotherapy Open Benchmarking and Evaluation dataset
[ "physics.med-ph", "cs.CV", "eess.IV" ]
Radiotherapy treatment for prostate cancer relies on computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for segmentation of target volumes and organs at risk (OARs). Manual segmentation of these volumes is regarded as the gold standard for ground truth in machine learning applications but to acquire such ...
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2502.04495
Discovering Physics Laws of Dynamical Systems via Invariant Function Learning
[ "cs.LG" ]
We consider learning underlying laws of dynamical systems governed by ordinary differential equations (ODE). A key challenge is how to discover intrinsic dynamics across multiple environments while circumventing environment-specific mechanisms. Unlike prior work, we tackle more complex environments where changes extend...
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2502.04497
Distributed Resilient Asymmetric Bipartite Consensus: A Data-Driven Event-Triggered Mechanism
[ "eess.SY", "cs.SY" ]
The problem of asymmetric bipartite consensus control is investigated within the context of nonlinear, discrete-time, networked multi-agent systems (MAS) subject to aperiodic denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. To address the challenges posed by these aperiodic DoS attacks, a data-driven event-triggered (DDET) mechanism h...
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2502.04498
Verifiable Format Control for Large Language Model Generations
[ "cs.CL" ]
Recent Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated satisfying general instruction following ability. However, small LLMs with about 7B parameters still struggle fine-grained format following (e.g., JSON format), which seriously hinder the advancements of their applications. Most existing methods focus on benchmarkin...
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2502.04499
Revisiting Intermediate-Layer Matching in Knowledge Distillation: Layer-Selection Strategy Doesn't Matter (Much)
[ "cs.LG", "cs.AI", "cs.CL" ]
Knowledge distillation (KD) is a popular method of transferring knowledge from a large "teacher" model to a small "student" model. KD can be divided into two categories: prediction matching and intermediate-layer matching. We explore an intriguing phenomenon: layer-selection strategy does not matter (much) in intermedi...
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2502.04501
ULPT: Prompt Tuning with Ultra-Low-Dimensional Optimization
[ "cs.CL" ]
Large language models achieve state-of-the-art performance but are costly to fine-tune due to their size. Parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods, such as prompt tuning, address this by reducing trainable parameters while maintaining strong performance. However, prior methods tie prompt embeddings to the model's dimens...
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2502.04506
When One LLM Drools, Multi-LLM Collaboration Rules
[ "cs.CL" ]
This position paper argues that in many realistic (i.e., complex, contextualized, subjective) scenarios, one LLM is not enough to produce a reliable output. We challenge the status quo of relying solely on a single general-purpose LLM and argue for multi-LLM collaboration to better represent the extensive diversity of ...
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2502.04507
Fast Video Generation with Sliding Tile Attention
[ "cs.CV" ]
Diffusion Transformers (DiTs) with 3D full attention power state-of-the-art video generation, but suffer from prohibitive compute cost -- when generating just a 5-second 720P video, attention alone takes 800 out of 945 seconds of total inference time. This paper introduces sliding tile attention (STA) to address this c...
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2502.04510
Heterogeneous Swarms: Jointly Optimizing Model Roles and Weights for Multi-LLM Systems
[ "cs.CL" ]
We propose Heterogeneous Swarms, an algorithm to design multi-LLM systems by jointly optimizing model roles and weights. We represent multi-LLM systems as directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) of LLMs with topological message passing for collaborative generation. Given a pool of LLM experts and a utility function, Heterogeneo...
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2502.04511
Beyond Sample-Level Feedback: Using Reference-Level Feedback to Guide Data Synthesis
[ "cs.CL" ]
LLMs demonstrate remarkable capabilities in following natural language instructions, largely due to instruction-tuning on high-quality datasets. While synthetic data generation has emerged as a scalable approach for creating such datasets, maintaining consistent quality standards remains challenging. Recent approaches ...
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2502.04512
Safety is Essential for Responsible Open-Ended Systems
[ "cs.AI" ]
AI advancements have been significantly driven by a combination of foundation models and curiosity-driven learning aimed at increasing capability and adaptability. A growing area of interest within this field is Open-Endedness - the ability of AI systems to continuously and autonomously generate novel and diverse artif...
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2502.04515
MedGNN: Towards Multi-resolution Spatiotemporal Graph Learning for Medical Time Series Classification
[ "cs.LG", "cs.AI" ]
Medical time series has been playing a vital role in real-world healthcare systems as valuable information in monitoring health conditions of patients. Accurate classification for medical time series, e.g., Electrocardiography (ECG) signals, can help for early detection and diagnosis. Traditional methods towards medica...
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2502.04517
Towards Cost-Effective Reward Guided Text Generation
[ "cs.LG", "cs.CL" ]
Reward-guided text generation (RGTG) has emerged as a viable alternative to offline reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). RGTG methods can align baseline language models to human preferences without further training like in standard RLHF methods. However, they rely on a reward model to score each candidate...
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2502.04519
GenVC: Self-Supervised Zero-Shot Voice Conversion
[ "eess.AS", "cs.LG" ]
Zero-shot voice conversion has recently made substantial progress, but many models still depend on external supervised systems to disentangle speaker identity and linguistic content. Furthermore, current methods often use parallel conversion, where the converted speech inherits the source utterance's temporal structure...
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2502.04520
Linear Correlation in LM's Compositional Generalization and Hallucination
[ "cs.CL" ]
The generalization of language models (LMs) is undergoing active debates, contrasting their potential for general intelligence with their struggles with basic knowledge composition (e.g., reverse/transition curse). This paper uncovers the phenomenon of linear correlations in LMs during knowledge composition. For explan...
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2502.04521
Generative Autoregressive Transformers for Model-Agnostic Federated MRI Reconstruction
[ "eess.IV", "cs.CV" ]
Although learning-based models hold great promise for MRI reconstruction, single-site models built on limited local datasets often suffer from poor generalization. This challenge has spurred interest in collaborative model training on multi-site datasets via federated learning (FL) -- a privacy-preserving framework tha...
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2502.04522
ImprovNet: Generating Controllable Musical Improvisations with Iterative Corruption Refinement
[ "cs.SD", "cs.AI", "eess.AS" ]
Deep learning has enabled remarkable advances in style transfer across various domains, offering new possibilities for creative content generation. However, in the realm of symbolic music, generating controllable and expressive performance-level style transfers for complete musical works remains challenging due to limi...
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2502.04528
Group-Adaptive Threshold Optimization for Robust AI-Generated Text Detection
[ "cs.CL", "cs.LG" ]
The advancement of large language models (LLMs) has made it difficult to differentiate human-written text from AI-generated text. Several AI-text detectors have been developed in response, which typically utilize a fixed global threshold (e.g., {\theta} = 0.5) to classify machine-generated text. However, we find that o...
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2502.04529
Agricultural Field Boundary Detection through Integration of "Simple Non-Iterative Clustering (SNIC) Super Pixels" and "Canny Edge Detection Method"
[ "cs.LG", "cs.CV" ]
Efficient use of cultivated areas is a necessary factor for sustainable development of agriculture and ensuring food security. Along with the rapid development of satellite technologies in developed countries, new methods are being searched for accurate and operational identification of cultivated areas. In this contex...
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