id stringlengths 9 16 | title stringlengths 4 278 | categories listlengths 1 13 | abstract stringlengths 3 4.08k | filtered_category_membership dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
cs/0103007 | Two-parameter Model of Word Length "Language - Genre" | [
"cs.CL"
] | A two-parameter model of word length measured by the number of syllables comprising it is proposed. The first parameter is dependent on language type, the second one - on text genre and reflects the degree of completion of synergetic processes of language optimization. | {
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cs/0103010 | Magical Number Seven Plus or Minus Two: Syntactic Structure Recognition
in Japanese and English Sentences | [
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] | George A. Miller said that human beings have only seven chunks in short-term memory, plus or minus two. We counted the number of bunsetsus (phrases) whose modifiees are undetermined in each step of an analysis of the dependency structure of Japanese sentences, and which therefore must be stored in short-term memory. Th... | {
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cs/0103011 | A Machine-Learning Approach to Estimating the Referential Properties of
Japanese Noun Phrases | [
"cs.CL"
] | The referential properties of noun phrases in the Japanese language, which has no articles, are useful for article generation in Japanese-English machine translation and for anaphora resolution in Japanese noun phrases. They are generally classified as generic noun phrases, definite noun phrases, and indefinite noun ph... | {
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cs/0103012 | Meaning Sort - Three examples: dictionary construction, tagged corpus
construction, and information presentation system | [
"cs.CL"
] | It is often useful to sort words into an order that reflects relations among their meanings as obtained by using a thesaurus. In this paper, we introduce a method of arranging words semantically by using several types of `{\sf is-a}' thesauri and a multi-dimensional thesaurus. We also describe three major applications ... | {
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cs/0103013 | CRL at Ntcir2 | [
"cs.CL"
] | We have developed systems of two types for NTCIR2. One is an enhenced version of the system we developed for NTCIR1 and IREX. It submitted retrieval results for JJ and CC tasks. A variety of parameters were tried with the system. It used such characteristics of newspapers as locational information in the CC tasks. The ... | {
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cs/0103015 | Fitness Uniform Selection to Preserve Genetic Diversity | [
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"cs.LG",
"q-bio"
] | In evolutionary algorithms, the fitness of a population increases with time by mutating and recombining individuals and by a biased selection of more fit individuals. The right selection pressure is critical in ensuring sufficient optimization progress on the one hand and in preserving genetic diversity to be able to e... | {
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cs/0103020 | Belief Revision: A Critique | [
"cs.AI",
"cs.LO"
] | We examine carefully the rationale underlying the approaches to belief change taken in the literature, and highlight what we view as methodological problems. We argue that to study belief change carefully, we must be quite explicit about the ``ontology'' or scenario underlying the belief change process. This is somethi... | {
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cs/0103022 | Secure, Efficient Data Transport and Replica Management for
High-Performance Data-Intensive Computing | [
"cs.DC",
"cs.DB"
] | An emerging class of data-intensive applications involve the geographically dispersed extraction of complex scientific information from very large collections of measured or computed data. Such applications arise, for example, in experimental physics, where the data in question is generated by accelerators, and in simu... | {
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cs/0103026 | A Decision Tree of Bigrams is an Accurate Predictor of Word Sense | [
"cs.CL"
] | This paper presents a corpus-based approach to word sense disambiguation where a decision tree assigns a sense to an ambiguous word based on the bigrams that occur nearby. This approach is evaluated using the sense-tagged corpora from the 1998 SENSEVAL word sense disambiguation exercise. It is more accurate than the av... | {
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cs/0104005 | Bootstrapping Structure using Similarity | [
"cs.LG",
"cs.CL"
] | In this paper a new similarity-based learning algorithm, inspired by string edit-distance (Wagner and Fischer, 1974), is applied to the problem of bootstrapping structure from scratch. The algorithm takes a corpus of unannotated sentences as input and returns a corpus of bracketed sentences. The method works on pairs o... | {
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cs/0104006 | ABL: Alignment-Based Learning | [
"cs.LG",
"cs.CL"
] | This paper introduces a new type of grammar learning algorithm, inspired by string edit distance (Wagner and Fischer, 1974). The algorithm takes a corpus of flat sentences as input and returns a corpus of labelled, bracketed sentences. The method works on pairs of unstructured sentences that have one or more words in c... | {
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cs/0104007 | Bootstrapping Syntax and Recursion using Alignment-Based Learning | [
"cs.LG",
"cs.CL"
] | This paper introduces a new type of unsupervised learning algorithm, based on the alignment of sentences and Harris's (1951) notion of interchangeability. The algorithm is applied to an untagged, unstructured corpus of natural language sentences, resulting in a labelled, bracketed version of the corpus. Firstly, the al... | {
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cs/0104008 | Event Indexing Systems for Efficient Selection and Analysis of HERA Data | [
"cs.DB",
"cs.IR"
] | The design and implementation of two software systems introduced to improve the efficiency of offline analysis of event data taken with the ZEUS Detector at the HERA electron-proton collider at DESY are presented. Two different approaches were made, one using a set of event directories and the other using a tag databas... | {
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cs/0104009 | Evaluating Recommendation Algorithms by Graph Analysis | [
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"cs.DM",
"cs.DS"
] | We present a novel framework for evaluating recommendation algorithms in terms of the `jumps' that they make to connect people to artifacts. This approach emphasizes reachability via an algorithm within the implicit graph structure underlying a recommender dataset, and serves as a complement to evaluation in terms of p... | {
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cs/0104010 | Type Arithmetics: Computation based on the theory of types | [
"cs.CL"
] | The present paper shows meta-programming turn programming, which is rich enough to express arbitrary arithmetic computations. We demonstrate a type system that implements Peano arithmetics, slightly generalized to negative numbers. Certain types in this system denote numerals. Arithmetic operations on such types-numera... | {
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cs/0104011 | Potholes on the Royal Road | [
"cs.NE",
"nlin.AO"
] | It is still unclear how an evolutionary algorithm (EA) searches a fitness landscape, and on what fitness landscapes a particular EA will do well. The validity of the building-block hypothesis, a major tenet of traditional genetic algorithm theory, remains controversial despite its continued use to justify claims about ... | {
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cs/0104013 | Shooting Over or Under the Mark: Towards a Reliable and Flexible
Anticipation in the Economy | [
"cs.CE"
] | The real monetary economy is grounded upon monetary flow equilibration or the activity of actualizing monetary flow continuity at each economic agent except for the central bank. Every update of monetary flow continuity at each agent constantly causes monetary flow equilibration at the neighborhood agents. Every moneta... | {
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cs/0104014 | Tracing a Faint Fingerprint of the Invisible Hand? | [
"cs.CE"
] | Any economic agent constituting the monetary economy maintains the activity of monetary flow equilibration for fulfilling the condition of monetary flow continuity in the record, except at the central bank. At the same time, monetary flow equilibration at one economic agent constantly induces at other agents in the eco... | {
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cs/0104017 | Local Search Techniques for Constrained Portfolio Selection Problems | [
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"cs.AI"
] | We consider the problem of selecting a portfolio of assets that provides the investor a suitable balance of expected return and risk. With respect to the seminal mean-variance model of Markowitz, we consider additional constraints on the cardinality of the portfolio and on the quantity of individual shares. Such constr... | {
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cs/0104018 | Several new domain-type and boundary-type numerical discretization
schemes with radial basis function | [
"cs.NA",
"cs.CE"
] | This paper is concerned with a few novel RBF-based numerical schemes discretizing partial differential equations. For boundary-type methods, we derive the indirect and direct symmetric boundary knot methods (BKM). The resulting interpolation matrix of both is always symmetric irrespective of boundary geometry and condi... | {
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cs/0104019 | Dynamic Nonlocal Language Modeling via Hierarchical Topic-Based
Adaptation | [
"cs.CL"
] | This paper presents a novel method of generating and applying hierarchical, dynamic topic-based language models. It proposes and evaluates new cluster generation, hierarchical smoothing and adaptive topic-probability estimation techniques. These combined models help capture long-distance lexical dependencies. Experimen... | {
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cs/0104020 | Coaxing Confidences from an Old Friend: Probabilistic Classifications
from Transformation Rule Lists | [
"cs.CL",
"cs.AI"
] | Transformation-based learning has been successfully employed to solve many natural language processing problems. It has many positive features, but one drawback is that it does not provide estimates of class membership probabilities. In this paper, we present a novel method for obtaining class membership probabilitie... | {
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cs/0104022 | Microplanning with Communicative Intentions: The SPUD System | [
"cs.CL"
] | The process of microplanning encompasses a range of problems in Natural Language Generation (NLG), such as referring expression generation, lexical choice, and aggregation, problems in which a generator must bridge underlying domain-specific representations and general linguistic representations. In this paper, we desc... | {
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cs/0105001 | Correction of Errors in a Modality Corpus Used for Machine Translation
by Using Machine-learning Method | [
"cs.CL"
] | We performed corpus correction on a modality corpus for machine translation by using such machine-learning methods as the maximum-entropy method. We thus constructed a high-quality modality corpus based on corpus correction. We compared several kinds of methods for corpus correction in our experiments and developed a g... | {
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cs/0105002 | Man [and Woman] vs. Machine: A Case Study in Base Noun Phrase Learning | [
"cs.CL"
] | A great deal of work has been done demonstrating the ability of machine learning algorithms to automatically extract linguistic knowledge from annotated corpora. Very little work has gone into quantifying the difference in ability at this task between a person and a machine. This paper is a first step in that direction... | {
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cs/0105003 | Rule Writing or Annotation: Cost-efficient Resource Usage for Base Noun
Phrase Chunking | [
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] | This paper presents a comprehensive empirical comparison between two approaches for developing a base noun phrase chunker: human rule writing and active learning using interactive real-time human annotation. Several novel variations on active learning are investigated, and underlying cost models for cross-modal machine... | {
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cs/0105004 | Parallel implementation of the TRANSIMS micro-simulation | [
"cs.CE"
] | This paper describes the parallel implementation of the TRANSIMS traffic micro-simulation. The parallelization method is domain decomposition, which means that each CPU of the parallel computer is responsible for a different geographical area of the simulated region. We describe how information between domains is excha... | {
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cs/0105005 | A Complete WordNet1.5 to WordNet1.6 Mapping | [
"cs.CL"
] | We describe a robust approach for linking already existing lexical/semantic hierarchies. We use a constraint satisfaction algorithm (relaxation labelling) to select --among a set of candidates-- the node in a target taxonomy that bests matches each node in a source taxonomy. In this paper we present the complete mappin... | {
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cs/0105012 | Joint and conditional estimation of tagging and parsing models | [
"cs.CL"
] | This paper compares two different ways of estimating statistical language models. Many statistical NLP tagging and parsing models are estimated by maximizing the (joint) likelihood of the fully-observed training data. However, since these applications only require the conditional probability distributions, these distri... | {
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cs/0105014 | Errata and supplements to: Orthonormal RBF Wavelet and Ridgelet-like
Series and Transforms for High-Dimensional Problems | [
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] | In recent years some attempts have been done to relate the RBF with wavelets in handling high dimensional multiscale problems. To the author's knowledge, however, the orthonormal and bi-orthogonal RBF wavelets are still missing in the literature. By using the nonsingular general solution and singular fundamental soluti... | {
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cs/0105015 | The alldifferent Constraint: A Survey | [
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] | The constraint of difference is known to the constraint programming community since Lauriere introduced Alice in 1978. Since then, several solving strategies have been designed for this constraint. In this paper we give both a practical overview and an abstract comparison of these different strategies. | {
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cs/0105016 | Probabilistic top-down parsing and language modeling | [
"cs.CL"
] | This paper describes the functioning of a broad-coverage probabilistic top-down parser, and its application to the problem of language modeling for speech recognition. The paper first introduces key notions in language modeling and probabilistic parsing, and briefly reviews some previous approaches to using syntactic s... | {
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cs/0105017 | Optimization Over Zonotopes and Training Support Vector Machines | [
"cs.CG",
"cs.AI"
] | We make a connection between classical polytopes called zonotopes and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers. We combine this connection with the ellipsoid method to give some new theoretical results on training SVMs. We also describe some special properties of soft margin C-SVMs as parameter C goes to infinity. | {
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cs/0105019 | Robust Probabilistic Predictive Syntactic Processing | [
"cs.CL"
] | This thesis presents a broad-coverage probabilistic top-down parser, and its application to the problem of language modeling for speech recognition. The parser builds fully connected derivations incrementally, in a single pass from left-to-right across the string. We argue that the parsing approach that we have adopted... | {
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cs/0105021 | Solving Composed First-Order Constraints from Discrete-Time Robust
Control | [
"cs.LO",
"cs.AI",
"cs.CE"
] | This paper deals with a problem from discrete-time robust control which requires the solution of constraints over the reals that contain both universal and existential quantifiers. For solving this problem we formulate it as a program in a (fictitious) constraint logic programming language with explicit quantifier nota... | {
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cs/0105022 | Multi-Channel Parallel Adaptation Theory for Rule Discovery | [
"cs.AI"
] | In this paper, we introduce a new machine learning theory based on multi-channel parallel adaptation for rule discovery. This theory is distinguished from the familiar parallel-distributed adaptation theory of neural networks in terms of channel-based convergence to the target rules. We show how to realize this theory ... | {
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cs/0105023 | Generating a 3D Simulation of a Car Accident from a Written Description
in Natural Language: the CarSim System | [
"cs.CL"
] | This paper describes a prototype system to visualize and animate 3D scenes from car accident reports, written in French. The problem of generating such a 3D simulation can be divided into two subtasks: the linguistic analysis and the virtual scene generation. As a means of communication between these two modules, we fi... | {
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cs/0105025 | Market-Based Reinforcement Learning in Partially Observable Worlds | [
"cs.AI",
"cs.LG",
"cs.MA",
"cs.NE"
] | Unlike traditional reinforcement learning (RL), market-based RL is in principle applicable to worlds described by partially observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs), where an agent needs to learn short-term memories of relevant previous events in order to execute optimal actions. Most previous work, however, has f... | {
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cs/0105026 | Toward Natural Gesture/Speech Control of a Large Display | [
"cs.CV",
"cs.HC"
] | In recent years because of the advances in computer vision research, free hand gestures have been explored as means of human-computer interaction (HCI). Together with improved speech processing technology it is an important step toward natural multimodal HCI. However, inclusion of non-predefined continuous gestures int... | {
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cs/0105027 | Bounds on sample size for policy evaluation in Markov environments | [
"cs.LG",
"cs.AI",
"cs.CC"
] | Reinforcement learning means finding the optimal course of action in Markovian environments without knowledge of the environment's dynamics. Stochastic optimization algorithms used in the field rely on estimates of the value of a policy. Typically, the value of a policy is estimated from results of simulating that very... | {
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cs/0105030 | The OLAC Metadata Set and Controlled Vocabularies | [
"cs.CL",
"cs.DL"
] | As language data and associated technologies proliferate and as the language resources community rapidly expands, it has become difficult to locate and reuse existing resources. Are there any lexical resources for such-and-such a language? What tool can work with transcripts in this particular format? What is a good fo... | {
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cs/0105032 | Learning to Cooperate via Policy Search | [
"cs.LG",
"cs.MA"
] | Cooperative games are those in which both agents share the same payoff structure. Value-based reinforcement-learning algorithms, such as variants of Q-learning, have been applied to learning cooperative games, but they only apply when the game state is completely observable to both agents. Policy search methods are a r... | {
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cs/0105035 | Historical Dynamics of Lexical System as Random Walk Process | [
"cs.CL"
] | It is offered to consider word meanings changes in diachrony as semicontinuous random walk with reflecting and swallowing screens. The basic characteristics of word life cycle are defined. Verification of the model has been realized on the data of Russian words distribution on various age periods. | {
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cs/0105036 | Disjunctive Logic Programs with Inheritance | [
"cs.LO",
"cs.AI"
] | The paper proposes a new knowledge representation language, called DLP<, which extends disjunctive logic programming (with strong negation) by inheritance. The addition of inheritance enhances the knowledge modeling features of the language providing a natural representation of default reasoning with exceptions. A de... | {
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cs/0105037 | Integrating Prosodic and Lexical Cues for Automatic Topic Segmentation | [
"cs.CL"
] | We present a probabilistic model that uses both prosodic and lexical cues for the automatic segmentation of speech into topically coherent units. We propose two methods for combining lexical and prosodic information using hidden Markov models and decision trees. Lexical information is obtained from a speech recognizer,... | {
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cs/0106003 | A note on radial basis function computing | [
"cs.CE",
"cs.CG"
] | This note carries three purposes involving our latest advances on the radial basis function (RBF) approach. First, we will introduce a new scheme employing the boundary knot method (BKM) to nonlinear convection-diffusion problem. It is stressed that the new scheme directly results in a linear BKM formulation of nonline... | {
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cs/0106004 | Soft Scheduling | [
"cs.AI",
"cs.PL"
] | Classical notions of disjunctive and cumulative scheduling are studied from the point of view of soft constraint satisfaction. Soft disjunctive scheduling is introduced as an instance of soft CSP and preferences included in this problem are applied to generate a lower bound based on existing discrete capacity resource.... | {
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cs/0106005 | The Representation of Legal Contracts | [
"cs.AI",
"cs.CY"
] | The paper outlines ongoing research on logic-based tools for the analysis and representation of legal contracts of the kind frequently encountered in large-scale engineering projects and complex, long-term trading agreements. We consider both contract formation and contract performance, in each case identifying the rep... | {
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cs/0106006 | A Constraint-Driven System for Contract Assembly | [
"cs.AI"
] | We present an approach for modelling the structure and coarse content of legal documents with a view to providing automated support for the drafting of contracts and contract database retrieval. The approach is designed to be applicable where contract drafting is based on model-form contracts or on existing examples of... | {
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cs/0106007 | Modelling Contractual Arguments | [
"cs.AI"
] | One influential approach to assessing the "goodness" of arguments is offered by the Pragma-Dialectical school (p-d) (Eemeren & Grootendorst 1992). This can be compared with Rhetorical Structure Theory (RST) (Mann & Thompson 1988), an approach that originates in discourse analysis. In p-d terms an argument is good if it... | {
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cs/0106008 | Computing Functional and Relational Box Consistency by Structured
Propagation in Atomic Constraint Systems | [
"cs.PL",
"cs.AI"
] | Box consistency has been observed to yield exponentially better performance than chaotic constraint propagation in the interval constraint system obtained by decomposing the original expression into primitive constraints. The claim was made that the improvement is due to avoiding decomposition. In this paper we argue t... | {
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cs/0106010 | Modelling Legal Contracts as Processes | [
"cs.AI",
"cs.LO"
] | This paper concentrates on the representation of the legal relations that obtain between parties once they have entered a contractual agreement and their evolution as the agreement progresses through time. Contracts are regarded as process and they are analysed in terms of the obligations that are active at various poi... | {
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cs/0106011 | Computational properties of environment-based disambiguation | [
"cs.CL",
"cs.HC"
] | The standard pipeline approach to semantic processing, in which sentences are morphologically and syntactically resolved to a single tree before they are interpreted, is a poor fit for applications such as natural language interfaces. This is because the environment information, in the form of the objects and events in... | {
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cs/0106012 | Computational Properties of Metaquerying Problems | [
"cs.DB",
"cs.CC"
] | Metaquerying is a datamining technology by which hidden dependencies among several database relations can be discovered. This tool has already been successfully applied to several real-world applications. Recent papers provide only preliminary results about the complexity of metaquerying. In this paper we define severa... | {
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cs/0106014 | L.T.Kuzin: Research Program | [
"cs.DM",
"cs.AI",
"cs.SE"
] | Lev T. Kuzin (1928--1997) is one of the founders of modern cybernetics and information science in Russia. He was awarded and honored the USSR State Prize for inspiring vision into the future of technical cybernetics and his invention and innovation of key technologies. The last years he interested in the computationa... | {
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cs/0106015 | Organizing Encyclopedic Knowledge based on the Web and its Application
to Question Answering | [
"cs.CL"
] | We propose a method to generate large-scale encyclopedic knowledge, which is valuable for much NLP research, based on the Web. We first search the Web for pages containing a term in question. Then we use linguistic patterns and HTML structures to extract text fragments describing the term. Finally, we organize extracte... | {
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cs/0106016 | File mapping Rule-based DBMS and Natural Language Processing | [
"cs.CL",
"cs.AI",
"cs.DB",
"cs.IR",
"cs.LG",
"cs.PL"
] | This paper describes the system of storage, extract and processing of information structured similarly to the natural language. For recursive inference the system uses the rules having the same representation, as the data. The environment of storage of information is provided with the File Mapping (SHM) mechanism of op... | {
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cs/0106021 | Object-oriented solutions | [
"cs.LO",
"cs.DB",
"cs.PL"
] | In this paper are briefly outlined the motivations, mathematical ideas in use, pre-formalization and assumptions, object-as-functor construction, `soft' types and concept constructions, case study for concepts based on variable domains, extracting a computational background, and examples of evaluations. | {
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cs/0106023 | Object-oriented tools for advanced applications | [
"cs.LO",
"cs.DB",
"cs.PL"
] | This paper contains a brief discussion of the Application Development Environment (ADE) that is used to build database applications involving the graphical user interface (GUI). ADE computing separates the database access and the user interface. The variety of applications may be generated that communicate with differe... | {
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cs/0106024 | Objects and their computational framework | [
"cs.LO",
"cs.DB",
"cs.PL"
] | Most of the object notions are embedded into a logical domain, especially when dealing with a database theory. Thus, their properties within a computational domain are not yet studied properly. The main topic of this paper is to analyze different concepts of the distinct computational primitive frames to extract the us... | {
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cs/0106025 | Information Integration and Computational Logic | [
"cs.AI"
] | Information Integration is a young and exciting field with enormous research and commercial significance in the new world of the Information Society. It stands at the crossroad of Databases and Artificial Intelligence requiring novel techniques that bring together different methods from these fields. Information from d... | {
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cs/0106026 | Event Driven Computations for Relational Query Language | [
"cs.LO",
"cs.DB",
"cs.PL"
] | This paper deals with an extended model of computations which uses the parameterized families of entities for data objects and reflects a preliminary outline of this problem. Some topics are selected out, briefly analyzed and arranged to cover a general problem. The authors intended more to discuss the particular topic... | {
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cs/0106027 | Event Driven Objects | [
"cs.LO",
"cs.DB",
"cs.SE"
] | A formal consideration in this paper is given for the essential notations to characterize the object that is distinguished in a problem domain. The distinct object is represented by another idealized object, which is a schematic element. When the existence of an element is significant, then a class of these partial ele... | {
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cs/0106028 | Pricing Virtual Paths with Quality-of-Service Guarantees as Bundle
Derivatives | [
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] | We describe a model of a communication network that allows us to price complex network services as financial derivative contracts based on the spot price of the capacity in individual routers. We prove a theorem of a Girsanov transform that is useful for pricing linear derivatives on underlying assets, which can be use... | {
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cs/0106029 | Building Views with Description Logics in ADE: Application Development
Environment | [
"cs.LO",
"cs.DB",
"cs.DS"
] | Any of views is formally defined within description logics that were established as a family of logics for modeling complex hereditary structures and have a suitable expressive power. This paper considers the Application Development Environment (ADE) over generalized variable concepts that are used to build database ap... | {
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cs/0106030 | Logic, Individuals and Concepts | [
"cs.LO",
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"cs.SE"
] | This extended abstract gives a brief outline of the connections between the descriptions and variable concepts. Thus, the notion of a concept is extended to include both the syntax and semantics features. The evaluation map in use is parameterized by a kind of computational environment, the index, giving rise to indexe... | {
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cs/0106031 | Complexity Results and Practical Algorithms for Logics in Knowledge
Representation | [
"cs.LO",
"cs.AI"
] | Description Logics (DLs) are used in knowledge-based systems to represent and reason about terminological knowledge of the application domain in a semantically well-defined manner. In this thesis, we establish a number of novel complexity results and give practical algorithms for expressive DLs that provide different f... | {
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cs/0106033 | location.location.location: Internet Addresses as Evolving Property | [
"cs.CY",
"cs.HC",
"cs.IR"
] | I describe recent developments in the rules governing registration and ownership of Internet and World Wide Web addresses or "domain names." I consider the idea that "virtual" properties like domain names are more similar to real estate than to trademarks. Therefore, it would be economically efficient to grant domain n... | {
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cs/0106034 | Solving equations in the relational algebra | [
"cs.LO",
"cs.DB"
] | Enumerating all solutions of a relational algebra equation is a natural and powerful operation which, when added as a query language primitive to the nested relational algebra, yields a query language for nested relational databases, equivalent to the well-known powerset algebra. We study \emph{sparse} equations, which... | {
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cs/0106035 | Polymorphic type inference for the relational algebra | [
"cs.LO",
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] | We give a polymorphic account of the relational algebra. We introduce a formalism of ``type formulas'' specifically tuned for relational algebra expressions, and present an algorithm that computes the ``principal'' type for a given expression. The principal type of an expression is a formula that specifies, in a clear ... | {
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cs/0106036 | Convergence and Error Bounds for Universal Prediction of Nonbinary
Sequences | [
"cs.LG",
"cs.AI",
"cs.CC",
"math.PR"
] | Solomonoff's uncomputable universal prediction scheme $\xi$ allows to predict the next symbol $x_k$ of a sequence $x_1...x_{k-1}$ for any Turing computable, but otherwise unknown, probabilistic environment $\mu$. This scheme will be generalized to arbitrary environmental classes, which, among others, allows the constru... | {
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cs/0106039 | Iterative Residual Rescaling: An Analysis and Generalization of LSI | [
"cs.CL",
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] | We consider the problem of creating document representations in which inter-document similarity measurements correspond to semantic similarity. We first present a novel subspace-based framework for formalizing this task. Using this framework, we derive a new analysis of Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI), showing a precise... | {
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cs/0106040 | Stacking classifiers for anti-spam filtering of e-mail | [
"cs.CL",
"cs.AI"
] | We evaluate empirically a scheme for combining classifiers, known as stacked generalization, in the context of anti-spam filtering, a novel cost-sensitive application of text categorization. Unsolicited commercial e-mail, or "spam", floods mailboxes, causing frustration, wasting bandwidth, and exposing minors to unsuit... | {
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cs/0106043 | Using the Distribution of Performance for Studying Statistical NLP
Systems and Corpora | [
"cs.CL"
] | Statistical NLP systems are frequently evaluated and compared on the basis of their performances on a single split of training and test data. Results obtained using a single split are, however, subject to sampling noise. In this paper we argue in favour of reporting a distribution of performance figures, obtained by re... | {
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cs/0106044 | A Sequential Model for Multi-Class Classification | [
"cs.AI",
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"cs.LG"
] | Many classification problems require decisions among a large number of competing classes. These tasks, however, are not handled well by general purpose learning methods and are usually addressed in an ad-hoc fashion. We suggest a general approach -- a sequential learning model that utilizes classifiers to sequentially ... | {
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cs/0106046 | Expressing the cone radius in the relational calculus with real
polynomial constraints | [
"cs.DB",
"cs.LO"
] | We show that there is a query expressible in first-order logic over the reals that returns, on any given semi-algebraic set A, for every point a radius around which A is conical. We obtain this result by combining famous results from calculus and real algebraic geometry, notably Sard's theorem and Thom's first isotopy ... | {
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cs/0106047 | Modeling informational novelty in a conversational system with a hybrid
statistical and grammar-based approach to natural language generation | [
"cs.CL"
] | We present a hybrid statistical and grammar-based system for surface natural language generation (NLG) that uses grammar rules, conditions on using those grammar rules, and corpus statistics to determine the word order. We also describe how this surface NLG module is implemented in a prototype conversational system, an... | {
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cs/0106054 | Software Toolkit for Building Embedded and Distributed Knowledge-based
Systems | [
"cs.AI",
"cs.DC",
"cs.MA"
] | The paper discusses the basic principles and the architecture of the software toolkit for constructing knowledge-based systems which can be used cooperatively over computer networks and also embedded into larger software systems in different ways. Presented architecture is based on frame knowledge representation and pr... | {
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cs/0106055 | A Seamless Integration of Association Rule Mining with Database Systems | [
"cs.DB"
] | The need for Knowledge and Data Discovery Management Systems (KDDMS) that support ad hoc data mining queries has been long recognized. A significant amount of research has gone into building tightly coupled systems that integrate association rule mining with database systems. In this paper, we describe a seamless integ... | {
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cs/0106059 | CHR as grammar formalism. A first report | [
"cs.PL",
"cs.CL"
] | Grammars written as Constraint Handling Rules (CHR) can be executed as efficient and robust bottom-up parsers that provide a straightforward, non-backtracking treatment of ambiguity. Abduction with integrity constraints as well as other dynamic hypothesis generation techniques fit naturally into such grammars and are e... | {
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cs/0107002 | Enhancing Constraint Propagation with Composition Operators | [
"cs.AI"
] | Constraint propagation is a general algorithmic approach for pruning the search space of a CSP. In a uniform way, K. R. Apt has defined a computation as an iteration of reduction functions over a domain. He has also demonstrated the need for integrating static properties of reduction functions (commutativity and semi-c... | {
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cs/0107005 | The Role of Conceptual Relations in Word Sense Disambiguation | [
"cs.CL"
] | We explore many ways of using conceptual distance measures in Word Sense Disambiguation, starting with the Agirre-Rigau conceptual density measure. We use a generalized form of this measure, introducing many (parameterized) refinements and performing an exhaustive evaluation of all meaningful combinations. We finally o... | {
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cs/0107006 | Looking Under the Hood : Tools for Diagnosing your Question Answering
Engine | [
"cs.CL"
] | In this paper we analyze two question answering tasks : the TREC-8 question answering task and a set of reading comprehension exams. First, we show that Q/A systems perform better when there are multiple answer opportunities per question. Next, we analyze common approaches to two subproblems: term overlap for answer se... | {
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cs/0107007 | The Risk Profile Problem for Stock Portfolio Optimization | [
"cs.CE",
"cs.DM",
"cs.DS"
] | This work initiates research into the problem of determining an optimal investment strategy for investors with different attitudes towards the trade-offs of risk and profit. The probability distribution of the return values of the stocks that are considered by the investor are assumed to be known, while the joint distr... | {
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cs/0107012 | Three-Stage Quantitative Neural Network Model of the Tip-of-the-Tongue
Phenomenon | [
"cs.CL",
"cs.AI",
"q-bio.NC",
"q-bio.QM"
] | A new three-stage computer artificial neural network model of the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon is shortly described, and its stochastic nature was demonstrated. A way to calculate strength and appearance probability of tip-of-the-tongue states, neural network mechanism of feeling-of-knowing phenomenon are proposed. The... | {
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cs/0107013 | The Logic Programming Paradigm and Prolog | [
"cs.PL",
"cs.AI"
] | This is a tutorial on logic programming and Prolog appropriate for a course on programming languages for students familiar with imperative programming. | {
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cs/0107014 | Transformations of CCP programs | [
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] | We introduce a transformation system for concurrent constraint programming (CCP). We define suitable applicability conditions for the transformations which guarantee that the input/output CCP semantics is preserved also when distinguishing deadlocked computations from successful ones and when considering intermediate r... | {
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cs/0107016 | Introduction to the CoNLL-2001 Shared Task: Clause Identification | [
"cs.CL"
] | We describe the CoNLL-2001 shared task: dividing text into clauses. We give background information on the data sets, present a general overview of the systems that have taken part in the shared task and briefly discuss their performance. | {
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cs/0107017 | Learning Computational Grammars | [
"cs.CL"
] | This paper reports on the "Learning Computational Grammars" (LCG) project, a postdoc network devoted to studying the application of machine learning techniques to grammars suitable for computational use. We were interested in a more systematic survey to understand the relevance of many factors to the success of learnin... | {
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cs/0107018 | Combining a self-organising map with memory-based learning | [
"cs.CL"
] | Memory-based learning (MBL) has enjoyed considerable success in corpus-based natural language processing (NLP) tasks and is thus a reliable method of getting a high-level of performance when building corpus-based NLP systems. However there is a bottleneck in MBL whereby any novel testing item has to be compared against... | {
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cs/0107019 | Applying Natural Language Generation to Indicative Summarization | [
"cs.CL"
] | The task of creating indicative summaries that help a searcher decide whether to read a particular document is a difficult task. This paper examines the indicative summarization task from a generation perspective, by first analyzing its required content via published guidelines and corpus analysis. We show how these su... | {
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cs/0107020 | Transformation-Based Learning in the Fast Lane | [
"cs.CL"
] | Transformation-based learning has been successfully employed to solve many natural language processing problems. It achieves state-of-the-art performance on many natural language processing tasks and does not overtrain easily. However, it does have a serious drawback: the training time is often intorelably long, especi... | {
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cs/0107021 | Multidimensional Transformation-Based Learning | [
"cs.CL"
] | This paper presents a novel method that allows a machine learning algorithm following the transformation-based learning paradigm \cite{brill95:tagging} to be applied to multiple classification tasks by training jointly and simultaneously on all fields. The motivation for constructing such a system stems from the observ... | {
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} |
cs/0107026 | Annotated revision programs | [
"cs.AI",
"cs.LO"
] | Revision programming is a formalism to describe and enforce updates of belief sets and databases. That formalism was extended by Fitting who assigned annotations to revision atoms. Annotations provide a way to quantify the confidence (probability) that a revision atom holds. The main goal of our paper is to reexamine t... | {
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} |
cs/0107027 | Fixed-parameter complexity of semantics for logic programs | [
"cs.LO",
"cs.AI"
] | A decision problem is called parameterized if its input is a pair of strings. One of these strings is referred to as a parameter. The problem: given a propositional logic program P and a non-negative integer k, decide whether P has a stable model of size no more than k, is an example of a parameterized decision problem... | {
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} |
cs/0107028 | Propositional satisfiability in answer-set programming | [
"cs.AI",
"cs.LO"
] | We show that propositional logic and its extensions can support answer-set programming in the same way stable logic programming and disjunctive logic programming do. To this end, we introduce a logic based on the logic of propositional schemata and on a version of the Closed World Assumption. We call it the extended lo... | {
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} |
cs/0107029 | aspps --- an implementation of answer-set programming with propositional
schemata | [
"cs.AI",
"cs.LO"
] | We present an implementation of an answer-set programming paradigm, called aspps (short for answer-set programming with propositional schemata). The system aspps is designed to process PS+ theories. It consists of two basic modules. The first module, psgrnd, grounds an PS+ theory. The second module, referred to as aspp... | {
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} |
cs/0107032 | Coupled Clustering: a Method for Detecting Structural Correspondence | [
"cs.LG",
"cs.CL",
"cs.IR"
] | This paper proposes a new paradigm and computational framework for identification of correspondences between sub-structures of distinct composite systems. For this, we define and investigate a variant of traditional data clustering, termed coupled clustering, which simultaneously identifies corresponding clusters withi... | {
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} |
cs/0107033 | Yet another zeta function and learning | [
"cs.LG",
"cs.DM",
"math.PR"
] | We study the convergence speed of the batch learning algorithm, and compare its speed to that of the memoryless learning algorithm and of learning with memory (as analyzed in joint work with N. Komarova). We obtain precise results and show in particular that the batch learning algorithm is never worse than the memoryle... | {
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} |
cs/0108003 | The Partial Evaluation Approach to Information Personalization | [
"cs.IR",
"cs.PL"
] | Information personalization refers to the automatic adjustment of information content, structure, and presentation tailored to an individual user. By reducing information overload and customizing information access, personalization systems have emerged as an important segment of the Internet economy. This paper present... | {
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} |
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