id stringlengths 9 16 | title stringlengths 4 278 | categories listlengths 1 13 | abstract stringlengths 3 4.08k | filtered_category_membership dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
cs/9905001 | Supervised Grammar Induction Using Training Data with Limited
Constituent Information | [
"cs.CL"
] | Corpus-based grammar induction generally relies on hand-parsed training data to learn the structure of the language. Unfortunately, the cost of building large annotated corpora is prohibitively expensive. This work aims to improve the induction strategy when there are few labels in the training data. We show that the m... | {
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cs/9905003 | Collective Choice Theory in Collaborative Computing | [
"cs.MA",
"cs.DC"
] | This paper presents some fundamental collective choice theory for information system designers, particularly those working in the field of computer-supported cooperative work. This paper is focused on a presentation of Arrow's Possibility and Impossibility theorems which form the fundamental boundary on the efficacy of... | {
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cs/9905004 | Using Collective Intelligence to Route Internet Traffic | [
"cs.LG",
"adap-org",
"cond-mat.stat-mech",
"cs.DC",
"cs.NI",
"nlin.AO"
] | A COllective INtelligence (COIN) is a set of interacting reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms designed in an automated fashion so that their collective behavior optimizes a global utility function. We summarize the theory of COINs, then present experiments using that theory to design COINs to control internet traffic... | {
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cs/9905005 | General Principles of Learning-Based Multi-Agent Systems | [
"cs.MA",
"adap-org",
"cond-mat.stat-mech",
"cs.DC",
"cs.LG",
"nlin.AO"
] | We consider the problem of how to design large decentralized multi-agent systems (MAS's) in an automated fashion, with little or no hand-tuning. Our approach has each agent run a reinforcement learning algorithm. This converts the problem into one of how to automatically set/update the reward functions for each of the ... | {
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cs/9905007 | An Efficient, Probabilistically Sound Algorithm for Segmentation and
Word Discovery | [
"cs.CL",
"cs.LG"
] | This paper presents a model-based, unsupervised algorithm for recovering word boundaries in a natural-language text from which they have been deleted. The algorithm is derived from a probability model of the source that generated the text. The fundamental structure of the model is specified abstractly so that the detai... | {
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cs/9905008 | Inducing a Semantically Annotated Lexicon via EM-Based Clustering | [
"cs.CL",
"cs.AI",
"cs.LG"
] | We present a technique for automatic induction of slot annotations for subcategorization frames, based on induction of hidden classes in the EM framework of statistical estimation. The models are empirically evalutated by a general decision test. Induction of slot labeling for subcategorization frames is accomplished b... | {
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cs/9905009 | Inside-Outside Estimation of a Lexicalized PCFG for German | [
"cs.CL",
"cs.LG"
] | The paper describes an extensive experiment in inside-outside estimation of a lexicalized probabilistic context free grammar for German verb-final clauses. Grammar and formalism features which make the experiment feasible are described. Successive models are evaluated on precision and recall of phrase markup. | {
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cs/9905010 | Statistical Inference and Probabilistic Modelling for Constraint-Based
NLP | [
"cs.CL",
"cs.LG"
] | We present a probabilistic model for constraint-based grammars and a method for estimating the parameters of such models from incomplete, i.e., unparsed data. Whereas methods exist to estimate the parameters of probabilistic context-free grammars from incomplete data (Baum 1970), so far for probabilistic grammars invol... | {
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cs/9905011 | Ensembles of Radial Basis Function Networks for Spectroscopic Detection
of Cervical Pre-Cancer | [
"cs.NE",
"cs.LG",
"q-bio"
] | The mortality related to cervical cancer can be substantially reduced through early detection and treatment. However, current detection techniques, such as Pap smear and colposcopy, fail to achieve a concurrently high sensitivity and specificity. In vivo fluorescence spectroscopy is a technique which quickly, non-inv... | {
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cs/9905012 | Linear and Order Statistics Combiners for Pattern Classification | [
"cs.NE",
"cs.LG"
] | Several researchers have experimentally shown that substantial improvements can be obtained in difficult pattern recognition problems by combining or integrating the outputs of multiple classifiers. This chapter provides an analytical framework to quantify the improvements in classification results due to combining. Th... | {
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cs/9905013 | Robust Combining of Disparate Classifiers through Order Statistics | [
"cs.LG",
"cs.CV",
"cs.NE"
] | Integrating the outputs of multiple classifiers via combiners or meta-learners has led to substantial improvements in several difficult pattern recognition problems. In the typical setting investigated till now, each classifier is trained on data taken or resampled from a common data set, or (almost) randomly selected ... | {
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cs/9905014 | Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning with the MAXQ Value Function
Decomposition | [
"cs.LG"
] | This paper presents the MAXQ approach to hierarchical reinforcement learning based on decomposing the target Markov decision process (MDP) into a hierarchy of smaller MDPs and decomposing the value function of the target MDP into an additive combination of the value functions of the smaller MDPs. The paper defines the ... | {
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cs/9905015 | State Abstraction in MAXQ Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning | [
"cs.LG"
] | Many researchers have explored methods for hierarchical reinforcement learning (RL) with temporal abstractions, in which abstract actions are defined that can perform many primitive actions before terminating. However, little is known about learning with state abstractions, in which aspects of the state space are ignor... | {
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cs/9905016 | Programs with Stringent Performance Objectives Will Often Exhibit
Chaotic Behavior | [
"cs.CE",
"cs.CC"
] | Software for the resolution of certain kind of problems, those that rate high in the Stringent Performance Objectives adjustment factor (IFPUG scheme), can be described using a combination of game theory and autonomous systems. From this description it can be shown that some of those problems exhibit chaotic behavior, ... | {
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cs/9906001 | On Bounded-Weight Error-Correcting Codes | [
"cs.IT",
"math.IT"
] | This paper computationally obtains optimal bounded-weight, binary, error-correcting codes for a variety of distance bounds and dimensions. We compare the sizes of our codes to the sizes of optimal constant-weight, binary, error-correcting codes, and evaluate the differences. | {
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cs/9906002 | The Symbol Grounding Problem | [
"cs.AI"
] | How can the semantic interpretation of a formal symbol system be made intrinsic to the system, rather than just parasitic on the meanings in our heads? How can the meanings of the meaningless symbol tokens, manipulated solely on the basis of their (arbitrary) shapes, be grounded in anything but other meaningless symbol... | {
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cs/9906003 | The syntactic processing of particles in Japanese spoken language | [
"cs.CL"
] | Particles fullfill several distinct central roles in the Japanese language. They can mark arguments as well as adjuncts, can be functional or have semantic funtions. There is, however, no straightforward matching from particles to functions, as, e.g., GA can mark the subject, the object or an adjunct of a sentence. Par... | {
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cs/9906004 | Cascaded Grammatical Relation Assignment | [
"cs.CL",
"cs.LG"
] | In this paper we discuss cascaded Memory-Based grammatical relations assignment. In the first stages of the cascade, we find chunks of several types (NP,VP,ADJP,ADVP,PP) and label them with their adverbial function (e.g. local, temporal). In the last stage, we assign grammatical relations to pairs of chunks. We studied... | {
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cs/9906005 | Memory-Based Shallow Parsing | [
"cs.CL",
"cs.LG"
] | We present a memory-based learning (MBL) approach to shallow parsing in which POS tagging, chunking, and identification of syntactic relations are formulated as memory-based modules. The experiments reported in this paper show competitive results, the F-value for the Wall Street Journal (WSJ) treebank is: 93.8% for NP ... | {
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cs/9906006 | Learning Efficient Disambiguation | [
"cs.CL",
"cs.AI"
] | This dissertation analyses the computational properties of current performance-models of natural language parsing, in particular Data Oriented Parsing (DOP), points out some of their major shortcomings and suggests suitable solutions. It provides proofs that various problems of probabilistic disambiguation are NP-Compl... | {
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cs/9906009 | Cascaded Markov Models | [
"cs.CL"
] | This paper presents a new approach to partial parsing of context-free structures. The approach is based on Markov Models. Each layer of the resulting structure is represented by its own Markov Model, and output of a lower layer is passed as input to the next higher layer. An empirical evaluation of the method yields ve... | {
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cs/9906010 | Predicate Logic with Definitions | [
"cs.LO",
"cs.AI"
] | Predicate Logic with Definitions (PLD or D-logic) is a modification of first-order logic intended mostly for practical formalization of mathematics. The main syntactic constructs of D-logic are terms, formulas and definitions. A definition is a definition of variables, a definition of constants, or a composite definiti... | {
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cs/9906011 | A Newton method without evaluation of nonlinear function values | [
"cs.CE",
"cs.NA",
"math.NA"
] | The present author recently proposed and proved a relationship theorem between nonlinear polynomial equations and the corresponding Jacobian matrix. By using this theorem, this paper derives a Newton iterative formula without requiring the evaluation of nonlinear function values in the solution of nonlinear polynomial-... | {
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cs/9906012 | The application of special matrix product to differential quadrature
solution of geometrically nonlinear bending of orthotropic rectangular plates | [
"cs.CE",
"cs.NA",
"math.NA"
] | The Hadamard and SJT product of matrices are two types of special matrix product. The latter was first defined by Chen. In this study, they are applied to the differential quadrature (DQ) solution of geometrically nonlinear bending of isotropic and orthotropic rectangular plates. By using the Hadamard product, the nonl... | {
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cs/9906014 | Evaluation of the NLP Components of the OVIS2 Spoken Dialogue System | [
"cs.CL"
] | The NWO Priority Programme Language and Speech Technology is a 5-year research programme aiming at the development of spoken language information systems. In the Programme, two alternative natural language processing (NLP) modules are developed in parallel: a grammar-based (conventional, rule-based) module and a data-o... | {
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cs/9906015 | Learning Transformation Rules to Find Grammatical Relations | [
"cs.CL"
] | Grammatical relationships are an important level of natural language processing. We present a trainable approach to find these relationships through transformation sequences and error-driven learning. Our approach finds grammatical relationships between core syntax groups and bypasses much of the parsing phase. On our ... | {
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cs/9906016 | Automatically Selecting Useful Phrases for Dialogue Act Tagging | [
"cs.AI",
"cs.LG"
] | We present an empirical investigation of various ways to automatically identify phrases in a tagged corpus that are useful for dialogue act tagging. We found that a new method (which measures a phrase's deviation from an optimally-predictive phrase), enhanced with a lexical filtering mechanism, produces significantly b... | {
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cs/9906019 | Resolving Part-of-Speech Ambiguity in the Greek Language Using Learning
Techniques | [
"cs.CL",
"cs.AI"
] | This article investigates the use of Transformation-Based Error-Driven learning for resolving part-of-speech ambiguity in the Greek language. The aim is not only to study the performance, but also to examine its dependence on different thematic domains. Results are presented here for two different test cases: a corpus ... | {
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cs/9906020 | Temporal Meaning Representations in a Natural Language Front-End | [
"cs.CL"
] | Previous work in the context of natural language querying of temporal databases has established a method to map automatically from a large subset of English time-related questions to suitable expressions of a temporal logic-like language, called TOP. An algorithm to translate from TOP to the TSQL2 temporal database lan... | {
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cs/9906025 | Mapping Multilingual Hierarchies Using Relaxation Labeling | [
"cs.CL"
] | This paper explores the automatic construction of a multilingual Lexical Knowledge Base from pre-existing lexical resources. We present a new and robust approach for linking already existing lexical/semantic hierarchies. We used a constraint satisfaction algorithm (relaxation labeling) to select --among all the candida... | {
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cs/9906026 | Robust Grammatical Analysis for Spoken Dialogue Systems | [
"cs.CL"
] | We argue that grammatical analysis is a viable alternative to concept spotting for processing spoken input in a practical spoken dialogue system. We discuss the structure of the grammar, and a model for robust parsing which combines linguistic sources of information and statistical sources of information. We discuss te... | {
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cs/9906027 | Human-Computer Conversation | [
"cs.CL",
"cs.HC"
] | The article surveys a little of the history of the technology, sets out the main current theoretical approaches in brief, and discusses the on-going opposition between theoretical and empirical approaches. It illustrates the situation with some discussion of CONVERSE, a system that won the Loebner prize in 1997 and whi... | {
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cs/9906029 | Events in Property Patterns | [
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"cs.CL",
"cs.SC"
] | A pattern-based approach to the presentation, codification and reuse of property specifications for finite-state verification was proposed by Dwyer and his collegues. The patterns enable non-experts to read and write formal specifications for realistic systems and facilitate easy conversion of specifications between fo... | {
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cs/9906034 | A Unified Example-Based and Lexicalist Approach to Machine Translation | [
"cs.CL"
] | We present an approach to Machine Translation that combines the ideas and methodologies of the Example-Based and Lexicalist theoretical frameworks. The approach has been implemented in a multilingual Machine Translation system. | {
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cs/9907003 | Annotation graphs as a framework for multidimensional linguistic data
analysis | [
"cs.CL"
] | In recent work we have presented a formal framework for linguistic annotation based on labeled acyclic digraphs. These `annotation graphs' offer a simple yet powerful method for representing complex annotation structures incorporating hierarchy and overlap. Here, we motivate and illustrate our approach using discourse-... | {
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cs/9907004 | MAP Lexicon is useful for segmentation and word discovery in
child-directed speech | [
"cs.CL",
"cs.LG"
] | Because of rather fundamental changes to the underlying model proposed in the paper, it has been withdrawn from the archive. | {
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cs/9907006 | Representing Text Chunks | [
"cs.CL"
] | Dividing sentences in chunks of words is a useful preprocessing step for parsing, information extraction and information retrieval. (Ramshaw and Marcus, 1995) have introduced a "convenient" data representation for chunking by converting it to a tagging task. In this paper we will examine seven different data representa... | {
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cs/9907007 | Cross-Language Information Retrieval for Technical Documents | [
"cs.CL"
] | This paper proposes a Japanese/English cross-language information retrieval (CLIR) system targeting technical documents. Our system first translates a given query containing technical terms into the target language, and then retrieves documents relevant to the translated query. The translation of technical terms is sti... | {
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cs/9907008 | Explanation-based Learning for Machine Translation | [
"cs.CL"
] | In this paper we present an application of explanation-based learning (EBL) in the parsing module of a real-time English-Spanish machine translation system designed to translate closed captions. We discuss the efficiency/coverage trade-offs available in EBL and introduce the techniques we use to increase coverage while... | {
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cs/9907009 | Designing and Mining Multi-Terabyte Astronomy Archives: The Sloan
Digital Sky Survey | [
"cs.DB",
"cs.DL"
] | The next-generation astronomy digital archives will cover most of the universe at fine resolution in many wave-lengths, from X-rays to ultraviolet, optical, and infrared. The archives will be stored at diverse geographical locations. One of the first of these projects, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) will create a ... | {
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cs/9907010 | Language Identification With Confidence Limits | [
"cs.CL"
] | A statistical classification algorithm and its application to language identification from noisy input are described. The main innovation is to compute confidence limits on the classification, so that the algorithm terminates when enough evidence to make a clear decision has been made, and so avoiding problems with cat... | {
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cs/9907012 | Selective Magic HPSG Parsing | [
"cs.CL"
] | We propose a parser for constraint-logic grammars implementing HPSG that combines the advantages of dynamic bottom-up and advanced top-down control. The parser allows the user to apply magic compilation to specific constraints in a grammar which as a result can be processed dynamically in a bottom-up and goal-directed ... | {
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cs/9907013 | Corpus Annotation for Parser Evaluation | [
"cs.CL"
] | We describe a recently developed corpus annotation scheme for evaluating parsers that avoids shortcomings of current methods. The scheme encodes grammatical relations between heads and dependents, and has been used to mark up a new public-domain corpus of naturally occurring English text. We show how the corpus can be ... | {
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cs/9907016 | Microsoft TerraServer: A Spatial Data Warehouse | [
"cs.DB",
"cs.DL"
] | The TerraServer stores aerial, satellite, and topographic images of the earth in a SQL database available via the Internet. It is the world's largest online atlas, combining five terabytes of image data from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and SPIN-2. This report describes the system-redesign based on our ex... | {
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cs/9907017 | A Bootstrap Approach to Automatically Generating Lexical Transfer Rules | [
"cs.CL"
] | We describe a method for automatically generating Lexical Transfer Rules (LTRs) from word equivalences using transfer rule templates. Templates are skeletal LTRs, unspecified for words. New LTRs are created by instantiating a template with words, provided that the words belong to the appropriate lexical categories requ... | {
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cs/9907020 | Generalized linearization in nonlinear modeling of data | [
"cs.CE",
"cs.NA",
"math.NA"
] | The principal innovative idea in this paper is to transform the original complex nonlinear modeling problem into a combination of linear problem and very simple nonlinear problems. The key step is the generalized linearization of nonlinear terms. This paper only presents the introductory strategy of this methodology. T... | {
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cs/9907021 | Architectural Considerations for Conversational Systems -- The
Verbmobil/INTARC Experience | [
"cs.CL"
] | The paper describes the speech to speech translation system INTARC, developed during the first phase of the Verbmobil project. The general design goals of the INTARC system architecture were time synchronous processing as well as incrementality and interactivity as a means to achieve a higher degree of robustness and s... | {
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cs/9907026 | Mixing representation levels: The hybrid approach to automatic text
generation | [
"cs.CL",
"cs.AI"
] | Natural language generation systems (NLG) map non-linguistic representations into strings of words through a number of steps using intermediate representations of various levels of abstraction. Template based systems, by contrast, tend to use only one representation level, i.e. fixed strings, which are combined, possib... | {
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cs/9907032 | Clausal Temporal Resolution | [
"cs.LO",
"cs.AI"
] | In this article, we examine how clausal resolution can be applied to a specific, but widely used, non-classical logic, namely discrete linear temporal logic. Thus, we first define a normal form for temporal formulae and show how arbitrary temporal formulae can be translated into the normal form, while preserving satisf... | {
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cs/9907042 | Raising Reliability of Web Search Tool Research through Replication and
Chaos Theory | [
"cs.IR",
"cs.DL"
] | Because the World Wide Web is a dynamic collection of information, the Web search tools (or "search engines") that index the Web are dynamic. Traditional information retrieval evaluation techniques may not provide reliable results when applied to the Web search tools. This study is the result of ten replications of the... | {
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cs/9907043 | A simple C++ library for manipulating scientific data sets as structured
data | [
"cs.CE",
"cs.DB"
] | Representing scientific data sets efficiently on external storage usually involves converting them to a byte string representation using specialized reader/writer routines. The resulting storage files are frequently difficult to interpret without these specialized routines as they do not contain information about the l... | {
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cs/9908001 | Detecting Sub-Topic Correspondence through Bipartite Term Clustering | [
"cs.CL"
] | This paper addresses a novel task of detecting sub-topic correspondence in a pair of text fragments, enhancing common notions of text similarity. This task is addressed by coupling corresponding term subsets through bipartite clustering. The paper presents a cost-based clustering scheme and compares it with a bipartite... | {
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cs/9908004 | Extending the Stable Model Semantics with More Expressive Rules | [
"cs.LO",
"cs.AI"
] | The rules associated with propositional logic programs and the stable model semantics are not expressive enough to let one write concise programs. This problem is alleviated by introducing some new types of propositional rules. Together with a decision procedure that has been used as a base for an efficient implementat... | {
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cs/9908013 | Collective Intelligence for Control of Distributed Dynamical Systems | [
"cs.LG",
"adap-org",
"cond-mat",
"cs.AI",
"cs.DC",
"cs.MA",
"nlin.AO"
] | We consider the El Farol bar problem, also known as the minority game (W. B. Arthur, ``The American Economic Review'', 84(2): 406--411 (1994), D. Challet and Y.C. Zhang, ``Physica A'', 256:514 (1998)). We view it as an instance of the general problem of how to configure the nodal elements of a distributed dynamical sys... | {
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cs/9908014 | An Introduction to Collective Intelligence | [
"cs.LG",
"adap-org",
"cond-mat",
"cs.DC",
"cs.MA",
"nlin.AO"
] | This paper surveys the emerging science of how to design a ``COllective INtelligence'' (COIN). A COIN is a large multi-agent system where: (i) There is little to no centralized communication or control; and (ii) There is a provided world utility function that rates the possible histories of the full system. In pa... | {
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cs/9908015 | Representing Scholarly Claims in Internet Digital Libraries: A Knowledge
Modelling Approach | [
"cs.DL",
"cs.AI",
"cs.HC",
"cs.IR"
] | This paper is concerned with tracking and interpreting scholarly documents in distributed research communities. We argue that current approaches to document description, and current technological infrastructures particularly over the World Wide Web, provide poor support for these tasks. We describe the design of a digi... | {
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cs/9908017 | A Differential Invariant for Zooming | [
"cs.CV"
] | This paper presents an invariant under scaling and linear brightness change. The invariant is based on differentials and therefore is a local feature. Rotationally invariant 2-d differential Gaussian operators up to third order are proposed for the implementation of the invariant. The performance is analyzed by simulat... | {
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cs/9909002 | Semantic robust parsing for noun extraction from natural language
queries | [
"cs.CL"
] | This paper describes how robust parsing techniques can be fruitful applied for building a query generation module which is part of a pipelined NLP architecture aimed at process natural language queries in a restricted domain. We want to show that semantic robustness represents a key issue in those NLP systems where it ... | {
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cs/9909003 | Iterative Deepening Branch and Bound | [
"cs.AI"
] | In tree search problem the best-first search algorithm needs too much of space . To remove such drawbacks of these algorithms the IDA* was developed which is both space and time cost efficient. But again IDA* can give an optimal solution for real valued problems like Flow shop scheduling, Travelling Salesman and 0/1 Kn... | {
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cs/9909009 | The Rough Guide to Constraint Propagation | [
"cs.AI",
"cs.PL"
] | We provide here a simple, yet very general framework that allows us to explain several constraint propagation algorithms in a systematic way. In particular, using the notions commutativity and semi-commutativity, we show how the well-known AC-3, PC-2, DAC and DPC algorithms are instances of a single generic algorithm. ... | {
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cs/9909010 | Automatic Generation of Constraint Propagation Algorithms for Small
Finite Domains | [
"cs.AI",
"cs.PL"
] | We study here constraint satisfaction problems that are based on predefined, explicitly given finite constraints. To solve them we propose a notion of rule consistency that can be expressed in terms of rules derived from the explicit representation of the initial constraints. This notion of local consistency is weake... | {
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cs/9909014 | Reasoning About Common Knowledge with Infinitely Many Agents | [
"cs.LO",
"cs.AI"
] | Complete axiomatizations and exponential-time decision procedures are provided for reasoning about knowledge and common knowledge when there are infinitely many agents. The results show that reasoning about knowledge and common knowledge with infinitely many agents is no harder than when there are finitely many agents,... | {
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cs/9909016 | Least expected cost query optimization: an exercise in utility | [
"cs.DB"
] | We identify two unreasonable, though standard, assumptions made by database query optimizers that can adversely affect the quality of the chosen evaluation plans. One assumption is that it is enough to optimize for the expected case---that is, the case where various parameters (like available memory) take on their expe... | {
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cs/9909019 | Knowledge in Multi-Agent Systems: Initial Configurations and Broadcast | [
"cs.LO",
"cs.AI"
] | The semantic framework for the modal logic of knowledge due to Halpern and Moses provides a way to ascribe knowledge to agents in distributed and multi-agent systems. In this paper we study two special cases of this framework: full systems and hypercubes. Both model static situations in which no agent has any informati... | {
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cs/9910011 | A statistical model for word discovery in child directed speech | [
"cs.CL",
"cs.LG"
] | A statistical model for segmentation and word discovery in child directed speech is presented. An incremental unsupervised learning algorithm to infer word boundaries based on this model is described and results of empirical tests showing that the algorithm is competitive with other models that have been used for simil... | {
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cs/9910015 | PIPE: Personalizing Recommendations via Partial Evaluation | [
"cs.IR",
"cs.AI"
] | It is shown that personalization of web content can be advantageously viewed as a form of partial evaluation --- a technique well known in the programming languages community. The basic idea is to model a recommendation space as a program, then partially evaluate this program with respect to user preferences (and featu... | {
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cs/9910016 | Probabilistic Agent Programs | [
"cs.AI"
] | Agents are small programs that autonomously take actions based on changes in their environment or ``state.'' Over the last few years, there have been an increasing number of efforts to build agents that can interact and/or collaborate with other agents. In one of these efforts, Eiter, Subrahmanian amd Pick (AIJ, 108(1-... | {
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cs/9910019 | Consistent Checkpointing in Distributed Databases: Towards a Formal
Approach | [
"cs.DB",
"cs.DC"
] | Whether it is for audit or for recovery purposes, data checkpointing is an important problem of distributed database systems. Actually, transactions establish dependence relations on data checkpoints taken by data object managers. So, given an arbitrary set of data checkpoints (including at least a single data checkpoi... | {
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cs/9910020 | Selective Sampling for Example-based Word Sense Disambiguation | [
"cs.CL"
] | This paper proposes an efficient example sampling method for example-based word sense disambiguation systems. To construct a database of practical size, a considerable overhead for manual sense disambiguation (overhead for supervision) is required. In addition, the time complexity of searching a large-sized database po... | {
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cs/9910021 | Efficient and Extensible Algorithms for Multi Query Optimization | [
"cs.DB"
] | Complex queries are becoming commonplace, with the growing use of decision support systems. These complex queries often have a lot of common sub-expressions, either within a single query, or across multiple such queries run as a batch. Multi-query optimization aims at exploiting common sub-expressions to reduce evaluat... | {
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cs/9910022 | Practical experiments with regular approximation of context-free
languages | [
"cs.CL"
] | Several methods are discussed that construct a finite automaton given a context-free grammar, including both methods that lead to subsets and those that lead to supersets of the original context-free language. Some of these methods of regular approximation are new, and some others are presented here in a more refined f... | {
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cs/9911006 | Question Answering System Using Syntactic Information | [
"cs.CL"
] | Question answering task is now being done in TREC8 using English documents. We examined question answering task in Japanese sentences. Our method selects the answer by matching the question sentence with knowledge-based data written in natural language. We use syntactic information to obtain highly accurate answers. | {
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cs/9911011 | One-Level Prosodic Morphology | [
"cs.CL"
] | Recent developments in theoretical linguistics have lead to a widespread acceptance of constraint-based analyses of prosodic morphology phenomena such as truncation, infixation, floating morphemes and reduplication. Of these, reduplication is particularly challenging for state-of-the-art computational morphology, since... | {
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cs/9911012 | Cox's Theorem Revisited | [
"cs.AI"
] | The assumptions needed to prove Cox's Theorem are discussed and examined. Various sets of assumptions under which a Cox-style theorem can be proved are provided, although all are rather strong and, arguably, not natural. | {
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cs/9912002 | A Geometric Model for Information Retrieval Systems | [
"cs.IR",
"cs.CC",
"cs.DL"
] | This decade has seen a great deal of progress in the development of information retrieval systems. Unfortunately, we still lack a systematic understanding of the behavior of the systems and their relationship with documents. In this paper we present a completely new approach towards the understanding of the information... | {
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cs/9912003 | Resolution of Indirect Anaphora in Japanese Sentences Using Examples 'X
no Y (Y of X)' | [
"cs.CL"
] | A noun phrase can indirectly refer to an entity that has already been mentioned. For example, ``I went into an old house last night. The roof was leaking badly and ...'' indicates that ``the roof'' is associated with `` an old house}'', which was mentioned in the previous sentence. This kind of reference (indirect anap... | {
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cs/9912004 | Pronoun Resolution in Japanese Sentences Using Surface Expressions and
Examples | [
"cs.CL"
] | In this paper, we present a method of estimating referents of demonstrative pronouns, personal pronouns, and zero pronouns in Japanese sentences using examples, surface expressions, topics and foci. Unlike conventional work which was semantic markers for semantic constraints, we used examples for semantic constraints a... | {
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cs/9912005 | An Estimate of Referent of Noun Phrases in Japanese Sentences | [
"cs.CL"
] | In machine translation and man-machine dialogue, it is important to clarify referents of noun phrases. We present a method for determining the referents of noun phrases in Japanese sentences by using the referential properties, modifiers, and possessors of noun phrases. Since the Japanese language has no articles, it i... | {
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cs/9912006 | Resolution of Verb Ellipsis in Japanese Sentence using Surface
Expressions and Examples | [
"cs.CL"
] | Verbs are sometimes omitted in Japanese sentences. It is necessary to recover omitted verbs for purposes of language understanding, machine translation, and conversational processing. This paper describes a practical way to recover omitted verbs by using surface expressions and examples. We experimented the resolution ... | {
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cs/9912007 | An Example-Based Approach to Japanese-to-English Translation of Tense,
Aspect, and Modality | [
"cs.CL"
] | We have developed a new method for Japanese-to-English translation of tense, aspect, and modality that uses an example-based method. In this method the similarity between input and example sentences is defined as the degree of semantic matching between the expressions at the ends of the sentences. Our method also uses ... | {
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cs/9912008 | New Error Bounds for Solomonoff Prediction | [
"cs.AI",
"cs.LG"
] | Solomonoff sequence prediction is a scheme to predict digits of binary strings without knowing the underlying probability distribution. We call a prediction scheme informed when it knows the true probability distribution of the sequence. Several new relations between universal Solomonoff sequence prediction and informe... | {
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cs/9912009 | Deduction over Mixed-Level Logic Representations for Text Passage
Retrieval | [
"cs.CL"
] | A system is described that uses a mixed-level representation of (part of) meaning of natural language documents (based on standard Horn Clause Logic) and a variable-depth search strategy that distinguishes between the different levels of abstraction in the knowledge representation to locate specific passages in the doc... | {
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cs/9912011 | Adaptivity in Agent-Based Routing for Data Networks | [
"cs.MA",
"adap-org",
"cs.NI",
"nlin.AO"
] | Adaptivity, both of the individual agents and of the interaction structure among the agents, seems indispensable for scaling up multi-agent systems (MAS's) in noisy environments. One important consideration in designing adaptive agents is choosing their action spaces to be as amenable as possible to machine learning te... | {
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cs/9912012 | Avoiding Braess' Paradox through Collective Intelligence | [
"cs.DC",
"adap-org",
"cs.MA",
"cs.NI",
"nlin.AO"
] | In an Ideal Shortest Path Algorithm (ISPA), at each moment each router in a network sends all of its traffic down the path that will incur the lowest cost to that traffic. In the limit of an infinitesimally small amount of traffic for a particular router, its routing that traffic via an ISPA is optimal, as far as cost ... | {
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cs/9912015 | Comparative Analysis of Five XML Query Languages | [
"cs.DB"
] | XML is becoming the most relevant new standard for data representation and exchange on the WWW. Novel languages for extracting and restructuring the XML content have been proposed, some in the tradition of database query languages (i.e. SQL, OQL), others more closely inspired by XML. No standard for XML query language ... | {
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cs/9912016 | HMM Specialization with Selective Lexicalization | [
"cs.CL",
"cs.LG"
] | We present a technique which complements Hidden Markov Models by incorporating some lexicalized states representing syntactically uncommon words. Our approach examines the distribution of transitions, selects the uncommon words, and makes lexicalized states for the words. We performed a part-of-speech tagging experimen... | {
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cs/9912017 | Mixed-Level Knowledge Representation and Variable-Depth Inference in
Natural Language Processing | [
"cs.CL"
] | A system is described that uses a mixed-level knowledge representation based on standard Horn Clause Logic to represent (part of) the meaning of natural language documents. A variable-depth search strategy is outlined that distinguishes between the different levels of abstraction in the knowledge representation to loca... | {
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cs/9912021 | Seeing the Forest in the Tree: Applying VRML to Mathematical Problems in
Number Theory | [
"cs.MS",
"cs.CE"
] | We show how VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language) can provide potentially powerful insight into the 3x + 1 problem via the introduction of a unique geometrical object, called the 'G-cell', akin to a fractal generator. We present an example of a VRML world developed programmatically with the G-cell. The role of VRML ... | {
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hep-lat/0003009 | Data storage issues in lattice QCD calculations | [
"hep-lat",
"cs.DB"
] | I describe some of the data management issues in lattice Quantum Chromodynamics calculations. I focus on the experience of the UKQCD collaboration. I describe an attempt to use a relational database to store part of the data produced by a lattice QCD calculation. | {
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hep-lat/0505005 | Parallel Programming with Matrix Distributed Processing | [
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"cs.CE",
"physics.comp-ph"
] | Matrix Distributed Processing (MDP) is a C++ library for fast development of efficient parallel algorithms. It constitues the core of FermiQCD. MDP enables programmers to focus on algorithms, while parallelization is dealt with automatically and transparently. Here we present a brief overview of MDP and examples of app... | {
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hep-lat/9808001 | Genetic Algorithm for SU(N) gauge theory on a lattice | [
"hep-lat",
"cs.NE"
] | An Algorithm is proposed for the simulation of pure SU(N) lattice gauge theories based on Genetic Algorithms(GAs). Main difference between GAs and Metropolis methods(MPs) is that GAs treat a population of points at once, while MPs treat only one point in the searching space. This provides GAs with information about the... | {
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hep-lat/9809068 | Genetic Algorithm for SU(2) Gauge Theory on a 2-dimensional Lattice | [
"hep-lat",
"cs.NE"
] | An algorithm is proposed for the simulation of pure SU(N) lattice gauge theories based on Genetic Algorithms(GAs). We apply GAs to SU(2) pure gauge theory on a 2 dimensional lattice and show the results, the action per plaquette and Wilson loops, are consistent with those by Metropolis method(MP)s and Heatbath method(H... | {
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math-ph/0211067 | Method of Additional Structures on the Objects of a Monoidal Kleisli
Category as a Background for Information Transformers Theory | [
"math-ph",
"cs.MA",
"math.CT",
"math.MP"
] | Category theory provides a compact method of encoding mathematical structures in a uniform way, thereby enabling the use of general theorems on, for example, equivalence and universal constructions. In this article we develop the method of additional structures on the objects of a monoidal Kleisli category. It is propo... | {
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} |
math-ph/0512026 | MIMO Channel Correlation in General Scattering Environments | [
"math-ph",
"cs.IT",
"math.IT",
"math.MP"
] | This paper presents an analytical model for the fading channel correlation in general scattering environments. In contrast to the existing correlation models, our new approach treats the scattering environment as non-separable and it is modeled using a bi-angular power distribution. The bi-angular power distribution is... | {
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} |
math-ph/9903036 | Numerically Invariant Signature Curves | [
"math-ph",
"cs.CV",
"math.MP"
] | Corrected versions of the numerically invariant expressions for the affine and Euclidean signature of a planar curve proposed by E.Calabi et. al are presented. The new formulas are valid for fine but otherwise arbitrary partitions of the curve. We also give numerically invariant expressions for the four differential in... | {
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} |
math/0005058 | An information-spectrum approach to joint source-channel coding | [
"math.PR",
"cs.IT",
"math.IT"
] | Given a general source $\sV=\{V^n\}\noi$ with {\em countably infinite} source alphabet and a general channel $\sW=\{W^n\}\noi$ with arbitrary {\em abstract} channel input and output alphabets, we study the joint source-channel coding problem from the information-spectrum point of view. First, we generalize Feinstein's ... | {
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} |
math/0005281 | Connections between Linear Systems and Convolutional Codes | [
"math.OC",
"cs.IT",
"math.IT"
] | The article reviews different definitions for a convolutional code which can be found in the literature. The algebraic differences between the definitions are worked out in detail. It is shown that bi-infinite support systems are dual to finite-support systems under Pontryagin duality. In this duality the dual of a con... | {
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} |
math/0006233 | Algorithmic Statistics | [
"math.ST",
"cs.IT",
"cs.LG",
"math.IT",
"math.PR",
"physics.data-an",
"stat.TH"
] | While Kolmogorov complexity is the accepted absolute measure of information content of an individual finite object, a similarly absolute notion is needed for the relation between an individual data sample and an individual model summarizing the information in the data, for example, a finite set (or probability distribu... | {
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} |
math/0009018 | Critical Behavior in Lossy Source Coding | [
"math.PR",
"cs.IT",
"math.IT"
] | The following critical phenomenon was recently discovered. When a memoryless source is compressed using a variable-length fixed-distortion code, the fastest convergence rate of the (pointwise) compression ratio to the optimal $R(D)$ bits/symbol is either $O(\sqrt{n})$ or $O(\log n)$. We show it is always $O(\sqrt{n})$,... | {
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} |
math/0010173 | Hot-pressing process modeling for medium density fiberboard (MDF) | [
"math.NA",
"cs.CE"
] | In this paper we present a numerical solution for the mathematical modeling of the hot-pressing process applied to medium density fiberboard. The model is based in the work of Humphrey[82], Humphrey and Bolton[89] and Carvalho and Costa[98], with some modifications and extensions in order to take into account mainly th... | {
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} |
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