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we report our independent gev γ-ray study of the young shell-type supernova remnant (snr) kes 73, which harbors a central magnetar, and co-line millimeter observations toward the snr. using 7.6 years of fermi-lat observation data, we detected an extended γ-ray source ("source a") with centroid on the west of the snr, w... | a study of fermi-lat gev gamma-ray emission toward the magnetar-harboring supernova remnant kesteven 73 and its molecular environment |
particle acceleration in astrophysical shocks is central to the production of nonthermal radiation from a large variety of astrophysical sources, ranging from supernova remnants to grb jets. the process of acceleration is an intrinsically multi-scale problem, connecting plasma microphysics at the shock to self-generate... | multiscale simulations of particle acceleration in astrophysical shocks |
we present a spectroscopic study of the galactic supernova remnant (snr) cygnus loop using the fifth data release (dr6) of lamost. the lamost (large sky area multi-object fiber spectroscopic telescope) features both a large field-of-view (about 20 deg^2) and a large aperture (∼4 m in diameter), which allow us to obtain... | unbiased spectroscopic study of the cygnus loop with lamost |
n132d is the most x-ray luminous supernova remnant (snr) in the local group with a luminosity of lx (0.3-10.0 kev) = 1.0e38 ergs/s. given its location in the large magellanic cloud, it is a prime target for detailed x-ray studies with the chandra x-ray observatory. the existing 87 ks chandra observation of n132d has re... | a chandra legacy observation of n132d |
supernova remnants (snrs) are rich astrophysical laboratories that carry the imprints of their parent explosions. they are bounded by two evolving shock features, namely, the forward shock and the reverse shock, which determine the dynamical state of an snr. for young snrs, these shocks offer a unique and clean methodo... | understanding type-ia supernovae through their remnants |
by a fortunate turn of events, sn 1987a, the brightest supernova (sn) since 1604, exploded just a few years before the launch of hst. this has allowed hst to monitor the evolution from the very beginning as the sn evolves into a remnant, proving astronomers with a unique laboratory for sn physics. the most recent obser... | expanding shocks and the emergence of the compact object in supernova 1987a |
the ability of collisionless shocks to efficiently accelerate nonthermal electrons via diffusive shock acceleration (dsa) is thought to require an injection mechanism capable of preaccelerating electrons to high enough energy where they can start crossing the shock front potential. we propose, and show via fully kineti... | electron injection via modified diffusive shock acceleration in high-mach-number collisionless shocks |
the results of an optical search for supernova remnants (snrs) in the nearby irregular galaxy ngc 2366 are presented. we took interference filter images and collected spectral data in three epochs with the f/7.7 1.5 m russian turkish telescope (rtt150) at tübi̇tak national observatory (tug) located in antalya, turkey. ... | ngc 2366 : an optical search for possible supernova remnants |
the supernova remnant (snr) 30 dor b is associated with the h ii region ionized by the ob association lh99. the complex interstellar environment has made it difficult to study the physical structure of this snr. we have used hubble space telescope hα images to identify snr shocks and deep chandra x-ray observations to ... | new insights on 30 dor b revealed by high-quality multiwavelength observations |
since the discovery of hess j1912+101 at teraelectronvolt energies, its nature has been extensively studied. due to the absence of x-ray and radio counterparts, whether its γ-ray emission is produced by relativistic electrons or ions is still a matter of debate. we reanalyze its megaelectronvolt to gigaelectronvolt γ-r... | the nature of γ-ray emission from hess j1912+101 |
we present a basic model for the calculation of the luminosity distribution of supernova remnant populations. we construct theoretical h$\rm \alpha \,$and joint [s ii]-h$\rm \alpha \,$luminosity functions for supernova remnants by combining prescriptions from a basic evolution model that provides the shock velocity and... | optical emission-line luminosity function models for populations of supernova remnants |
x-ray observations of cas a have revealed filamentary non-thermal rims tracing the forward shock of the supernova remnant (snr). these structures have been identified as synchrotron radiation from shock-accelerated electrons with tev energies, interacting with the compressed, and probably amplified, local magnetic fiel... | the expansion and width of the synchrotron filaments associated with the forward shock of cas a |
jwst gto observations of supernova (sn) 1987a in cycle 1 have dramatically improved our understanding of this iconic event. the observations show the presence of narrow lines from highly ionised argon at the very center of the remnant, which provides the first clear electromagnetic signal from the compact object create... | the nature of the compact object in sn 1987a |
in this paper the dependence of the spectra of cosmic ray nuclei on the charges of nuclei was studied, according to the data of the nucleon space experiment. first, we studied the dependence of the spectral index of magnetic rigidity spectra on the charge for abundant nuclei. secondly, for the charge range $z=9\div20$,... | fluxes and spectral indices of rare and abundant cosmic ray nuclei according to the nucleon space experiment |
shocks of supernova remnants (snrs) accelerate charged particles up to 100 tev range via diffusive shock acceleration (dsa) mechanism. it is believed that shocks of snrs are the main contributors to the pool of galactic cosmic rays, although it is still under debate whether they can accelerate particles up to the "knee... | nonthermal processes and particle acceleration in supernova remnants |
diffusive shock acceleration in supernova remnants (snrs) is considered one of the prime mechanisms of galactic cosmic ray (gcr) acceleration. it is still unclear, however, whether snrs can contribute to the gcr spectrum up to the "knee" (1 pev) band as acceleration to such energies requires an efficient magnetic field... | expansion and ongoing cosmic ray acceleration in hess j1731−347 |
electron heating at collisionless shocks is closely related to a number of astrophysical problems, such as generation processes of the shocks and particle injections to the diffusive shock acceleration in supernova remnants (snrs) (r. a. treumann, 2009, a&arv, 17, 409). however, the heating mechanism of shocked pla... | discovery of year-scale time variability from thermal x-ray emission in tycho's supernova remnant |
we report the discovery of optical emission from the non-radiative shocked ejecta of three young type ia supernova remnants (snrs): snr 0519-69.0, snr 0509-67.5, and n103b. deep integral field spectroscopic observations reveal broad and spatially resolved [fe xiv] 5303a emission. the width of the broad line reveals, fo... | type ia supernova remnant tomography |
core-collapse supernovae (sne) are among the most influential phenomena in the universe, and yet many key questions about their nature and explosive products remain unanswered. this uncertainty has broad implications for the formation and evolution of stellar populations, the metal enrichment of galaxies, and the origi... | jwst survey of the prototypical core-collapse supernova remnant cassiopeia a |
we examined the x-ray and radio spatial structure at the eastern ear of the w 50/ss 433 system to clarify a characteristic feature of the termination region of the ss 433 jet, and found that a hot spot ahead of the filament structure, which is considered to be a terminal shock of the ss 433 eastern jet, is clearly diff... | x-ray hot spots in the eastern ear of the supernova remnant w 50 and the microquasar ss 433 system |
we analyze the gev gamma-ray emission data from the vicinity of the supernova remnant (snr) hb9 (g160.9+2.6) from the fermi-lat 12 yr observations to quantify the evolution of diffusive shock acceleration (dsa) in the snr. in the vicinity of hb9, there are molecular clouds whose locations do not coincide with the snr s... | detection of gamma-rays around snr hb9 and its implications for the diffusive shock-acceleration history |
it is a longstanding question how cosmic rays, which mainly consist of relativistic protons, are accelerated in interstellar space. investigating the interstellar molecular and atomic clouds associated with supernova remnants hold a key to understand the origin of cosmic rays close to knee energy (e $<$ 10$^{15.5}$ ... | studies of gamma-ray emission from molecular and atomic clouds with cta |
we present the first results from a deep (900 ks) observation of the large magallenic cloud supernova remnant n132d with the chandra x-ray observatory. n132d is an o-rich supernova remnant (snr) of a 15-25 mdot progenitor and is the most x-ray luminous snr in the local group (lx ~ 1.0e38 ergs/s [0.3-10.0 kev]). the cha... | chandra legacy observation of lmc n132d: first results |
n103b is a type ia supernova remnant (snr) projected in the outskirt of the superbubble around the rich cluster ngc 1850 in the large magellanic cloud (lmc). we have obtained hubble space telescope (hst) images to study the physical structure of this snr and its underlying stellar population. we have also obtained high... | type ia snr n103b: structure of the remnant and properties of the progenitor |
supernova remnants (snrs) are believed to accelerate particles up to high energies, at least reaching a few pev, through the mechanism of diffusive shock acceleration (dsa). detection of synchrotron radio emission from cosmic ray (cr) electrons supports this picture. we give preliminary results for the global radio emi... | radio evolution of supernova remnants including non-linear particle acceleration |
supernova remnants (snrs) are thought to be one of the major acceleration sites of galactic cosmic rays (crs) and an important class of objects for high-energy astrophysics. snrs produce multi-wavelength, non- thermal emission via accelerated particles at collisionless shocks generated by the interactions between the s... | time evolution of broadband non-thermal emission from supernova remnants in different circumstellar environments |
the supernova remnants proxies for reionization testbed experiment (sprite) cubesat is designed to map shock emission in supernova remnants and determine the escape fraction of hydrogen ionizing radiation in star-forming galaxies. as a secondary objective, sprite will track the stability of new advanced `elif' mirror c... | development and fabrication of a custom vacuum bakeout system for the far-uv cubesat sprite |
strong nonrelativistic shocks are known to accelerate particles up to relativistic energies. however, for diffusive shock acceleration, electrons must have a highly suprathermal energy, implying the need for very efficient preacceleration. most published studies consider shocks propagating through homogeneous plasma, w... | kinetic simulations of nonrelativistic high-mach-number perpendicular shocks propagating in a turbulent medium |
supernova remnants (snrs) are thought to be one of the major acceleration sites of galactic cosmic rays (crs) and an important class of objects for high-energy astrophysics. snrs produce multi-wavelength, non-thermal emission via accelerated particles at collisionless shocks generated by the interactions between the sn... | construction of a comprehensive picture of non-thermal emissions from various types of supernova remnants |
chain-of-thought prompting has demonstrated remarkable performance on various natural language reasoning tasks. however, it tends to perform poorly on tasks which requires solving problems harder than the exemplars shown in the prompts. to overcome this challenge of easy-to-hard generalization, we propose a novel promp... | least-to-most prompting enables complex reasoning in large language models |
big-bench (srivastava et al., 2022) is a diverse evaluation suite that focuses on tasks believed to be beyond the capabilities of current language models. language models have already made good progress on this benchmark, with the best model in the big-bench paper outperforming average reported human-rater results on 6... | challenging big-bench tasks and whether chain-of-thought can solve them |
large language models (llms) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in natural language understanding and generation, but the quality bar for medical and clinical applications is high. today, attempts to assess models' clinical knowledge typically rely on automated evaluations on limited benchmarks. there is no stan... | publisher correction: large language models encode clinical knowledge |
large language models (llms) have demonstrated impressive capabilities, but the bar for clinical applications is high. attempts to assess the clinical knowledge of models typically rely on automated evaluations based on limited benchmarks. here, to address these limitations, we present multimedqa, a benchmark combining... | large language models encode clinical knowledge |
large language models have achieved impressive performance on various natural language processing tasks. however, so far they have been evaluated primarily on benchmarks where all information in the input context is relevant for solving the task. in this work, we investigate the distractibility of large language models... | large language models can be easily distracted by irrelevant context |
humans can reason compositionally when presented with new tasks. previous research shows that appropriate prompting techniques enable large language models (llms) to solve artificial compositional generalization tasks such as scan. in this work, we identify additional challenges in more realistic semantic parsing tasks... | compositional semantic parsing with large language models |
while mainstream machine learning methods are known to have limited ability to compositionally generalize, new architectures and techniques continue to be proposed to address this limitation. we investigate state-of-the-art techniques and architectures in order to assess their effectiveness in improving compositional g... | compositional generalization in semantic parsing: pre-training vs. specialized architectures |
state-of-the-art machine learning methods exhibit limited compositional generalization. at the same time, there is a lack of realistic benchmarks that comprehensively measure this ability, which makes it challenging to find and evaluate improvements. we introduce a novel method to systematically construct such benchmar... | measuring compositional generalization: a comprehensive method on realistic data |
the rapid pace of environmental change in the anthropocene necessitates the development of a new suite of tools for measuring ecosystem dynamics. sentinel species can provide insight into ecosystem function, identify hidden risks to human health, and predict future change. as sentinels, marine apex (top) predators offe... | marine top predators as climate and ecosystem sentinels |
incidental catch of nontarget species (bycatch) is a major barrier to ecological and economic sustainability in marine capture fisheries. key to mitigating bycatch is an understanding of the habitat requirements of target and nontarget species and the influence of heterogeneity and variability in the dynamic marine env... | fisheries bycatch risk to marine megafauna is intensified in lagrangian coherent structures |
gold nanoparticles (gnps) have shown potential as dose enhancers for radiation therapy. since damage to the genome affects the viability of a cell, it is generally assumed that gnps have to localise within the cell nucleus. in practice, however, gnps tend to localise in the cytoplasm yet still appear to have a dose enh... | dose enhancement effects to the nucleus and mitochondria from gold nanoparticles in the cytosol |
advances in machine learning provide the ability to leverage data from expensive simulations of high-energy-density experiments to significantly cut down on computational time and costs associated with the search for optimal target designs. this study presents an application of cutting-edge bayesian optimization method... | coupling 1d xrage simulations with machine learning for graded inner shell design optimization in double shell capsules |
filamentous bacteria can impact on the physical properties of flocs in the activated sludge process assisting solid-liquid separation or inducing problems when bacteria are overabundant. while filamentous bacteria within the flocs are understood to increase floc tensile strength, the relationship between protruding ext... | the influence of protruding filamentous bacteria on floc stability and solid-liquid separation in the activated sludge process |
north texas has experienced a roughly exponential increase in seismicity since 2008. this increase is primarily attributable to wastewater injection into the ellenburger formation-a carbonate formation located within and just above seismically active zones. to our knowledge, there has been no previous comprehensive ∼10... | ellenburger wastewater injection and seismicity in north texas |
subauroral polarization stream (saps) is latitudinally narrow flow channels of large westward plasma drifts in the subauroral ionosphere. in this study, the global structure and dynamic evolution of saps are investigated by using the coupled magnetosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere model with ring current extension, namel... | saps in the 17 march 2013 storm event: initial results from the coupled magnetosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere model |
oceanic fronts are key habitats for a diverse range of marine predators, yet how they influence fine-scale foraging behaviour is poorly understood. here, we investigated the dive behaviour of northern gannets morus bassanus in relation to shelf-sea fronts. we gps (global positioning system) tracked 53 breeding birds an... | seabird diving behaviour reveals the functional significance of shelf-sea fronts as foraging hotspots |
in-situ neutron diffraction patterns were collected for a sample of as-cast u3si2 during heating to 1600 °c. anomalous changes were observed above 1000 °c, including the formation of a new diffraction peak not belonging to p4/mbm u3si2, unequal changes in the peak intensities and onset of anisotropic lattice expansion.... | anisotropy in the thermal expansion of uranium silicide measured by neutron diffraction |
the growth and saturation of magnetic fields due to the weibel instability (wi) have important implications for laboratory and astrophysical plasmas, and this has drawn significant interest recently. since the wi can generate a large magnetic field from no initial field, the maximum magnitudes achieved can have signifi... | nonlinear saturation of the weibel instability |
sludge treatment and disposal have become important environmental issues in china. mechanical dewatering is widely used to reduce the amount of sludge to be disposed and relieve the rapid growth pressure of waste sludge. in comparison to traditional sludge dewatering processes, pressure electro-osmotic dewatering has m... | compartmentalization of extracellular polymeric substances (eps) solubilization and cake microstructure in relation to wastewater sludge dewatering behavior assisted by horizontal electric field: effect of operating conditions |
this study investigates infrasound signals from north korean underground nuclear explosions on 2016 january 6 at 01:30:01 utc (unej16) and on 2016 september 9 at 00:30:01 utc (unes16). infrasound observations from eight, seismo-acoustic arrays at distances of 300-600 km from the explosions and aligned approximately eas... | characteristics of infrasound signals from north korean underground nuclear explosions on 2016 january 6 and september 9 |
studies have shown that in sheared e × b flows in an inhomogeneous ionospheric plasma, the gradient drift (gdi) or the kelvin-helmholtz (khi) instability may grow. this work examines the conditions that cause one of these instabilities to dominate over the other using a novel model to study localized ionospheric instab... | modeling the dominance of the gradient drift or kelvin-helmholtz instability in sheared ionospheric e × b flows |
wastewater treatment using algae is a promising approach for efficient removal of contaminating nutrients and their conversion into useful products. monocultures of filamentous algae provide easier harvesting compared to microalgae, and better control of biomass quality than polyculture systems such as algal turf scrub... | wastewater treatment using filamentous algae - a review |
quantification and comparison of the dewatering characteristics of fifteen sewage sludges from a range of digestion scenarios are described. the method proposed uses laboratory dewatering measurements and integrity analysis of the extracted material properties. these properties were used as inputs into a model of filtr... | quantification of wastewater sludge dewatering |
a comprehensive statistical analysis was performed on global positioning system scintillation data acquired at high latitudes from 2014 to 2017 after separating phase scintillation events originating from refraction and/or diffraction. events exceeding a prescribed threshold were identified and analyzed statistically a... | statistical analysis of refractive and diffractive scintillation at high latitudes |
aimecological niche modelling can provide valuable insight into species' environmental preferences and aid the identification of key habitats for populations of conservation concern. here, we integrate biologging, satellite remote‑sensing and ensemble ecological niche models (eenms) to identify predictable foraging hab... | identifying predictable foraging habitats for a wide‑ranging marine predator using ensemble ecological niche models |
observations of secondary radiation, stimulated electromagnetic emission (see), produced during ionospheric modification experiments using ground-based, high-power, high-frequency (hf) radio waves are considered. the high frequency active auroral research program (haarp) facility is capable of generating narrowband see... | stimulated brillouin scattering during electron gyro-harmonic heating at eiscat |
dynamic management (dm) is a novel approach to spatial management that aligns scales of environmental variability, animal movement and human uses. while static approaches to spatial management rely on one‑time assessments of biological, environmental, economic, and/or social conditions, dynamic approaches repeatedly as... | practical considerations for operationalizing dynamic management tools |
filamentous algae (fa) have potential advantages over microalgae for wastewater treatment. however, their implementation at a large-scale is hindered by an inability to predict performance. this study compared the cellular responses (photosynthesis and respiration) and composition (pigments and photosystem proteins) of... | variation of the photosynthesis and respiration response of filamentous algae (oedogonium) acclimated to averaged seasonal temperatures and light exposure levels |
ionospheric signatures of ultralow frequency (ulf) wave in the pc3-5 band (1.7-40.0 mhz) were surveyed using ∼6-s resolution data from super dual auroral radar network (superdarn) radars in the northern hemisphere from 2010 to 2016. numerical experiments were conducted to derive wave period-dependent thresholds for aut... | survey of ionospheric pc3-5 ulf wave signatures in superdarn high time resolution data |
individual behavioural specialisation has far‑reaching effects on fitness and population persistence. theory predicts that unconditional site fidelity, that is fidelity to a site independent of past outcome, provides a fitness advantage in unpredictable environments. however, the benefits of alternative site fidelity s... | climate mediates the success of migration strategies in a marine predator |
antiferroelectrics, which undergo a field-induced phase transition to ferroelectric order that manifests as double-hysteresis polarization switching, exhibit great potential for dielectric, electromechanical, and electrothermal applications. compared to their ferroelectric cousins, however, considerably fewer efforts h... | defect-induced, ferroelectric-like switching and adjustable dielectric tunability in antiferroelectrics |
bayesian optimization has shown promise for the design optimization of inertial confinement fusion targets. specifically, in vazirani et al. [phys. plasmas 28, 122709 (2021)], optimal designs for double shell capsules with graded inner shells were identified using one-dimensional xrage simulation yield calculations. wh... | coupling multi-fidelity xrage with machine learning for graded inner shell design optimization in double shell capsules |
the ocean is a dynamic environment inhabited by a diverse array of highly migratory species, many of which are under direct exploitation in targeted fisheries. the timescales of variability in the marine realm coupled with the extreme mobility of ocean‑wandering species such as tuna and billfish complicates fisheries m... | fit to predict? eco‑informatics for predicting the catchability of a pelagic fish in near real time |
aimunderstanding the spatial ecology of endangered species is crucial to predicting habitat use at scales relevant to conservation and management. here, we aim to model the influence of biophysical conditions on habitat suitability for endangered fin whales balaenoptera physalus, with a view to informing management in ... | should i stay or should i go? modelling year‑round habitat suitability and drivers of residency for fin whales in the california current |
we present *-cfq ("star-cfq"): a suite of large-scale datasets of varying scope based on the cfq semantic parsing benchmark, designed for principled investigation of the scalability of machine learning systems in a realistic compositional task setting. using this suite, we conduct a series of experiments investigating ... | *-cfq: analyzing the scalability of machine learning on a compositional task |
polymerase chain reaction (pcr) has proven to be the gold-standard for sars-cov-2 detection in clinical settings. the most common approaches rely on nasopharyngeal specimens obtained from swabs, followed by rna extraction, reverse transcription and quantitative pcr. although swab-based pcr is sensitive, swabbing is inv... | performance evaluation of a non-invasive one-step multiplex rt-qpcr assay for detection of sars-cov-2 direct from saliva |
ionospheric scintillation is caused by irregularities in the ionospheric electron density. the characterization of ionospheric irregularities is important to further our understanding of the underlying physics. our goal is to characterize the intermediate (0.1-10 km) to medium (10-100 km) scale high-latitude irregulari... | satellite-beacon ionospheric-scintillation global model of the upper atmosphere (sigma) ii: inverse modeling with high-latitude observations to deduce irregularity physics |
density irregularities have been observed in subauroral polarization streams (saps). one hypothesis of the cause of this ionospheric turbulence, based on the background morphology, is the gradient drift instability (gdi). this work models the gdi using a two dimensional electrostatic fluid model to determine if it is a... | investigation of the gradient drift instability as a cause of density irregularities in subauroral polarization streams |
recent studies reveal that midlatitude ionospheric irregularities are less understood due to lack of models and observations that can explain the characteristics of the observed wave structures. in this paper, the cascading processes of both the temperature gradient instability (tgi) and the gradient drift instability ... | investigation of the role of plasma wave cascading processes in the formation of midlatitude irregularities utilizing gps and radar observations |
to move efficiently, animals must continuously work out their x,y,z positions with respect to real-world objects, and many animals have a pair of eyes to achieve this. how photoreceptors actively sample the eyes' optical image disparity is not understood because this fundamental information-limiting step has not been i... | binocular mirror-symmetric microsaccadic sampling enables drosophila hyperacute 3d vision |
the energy consumption of high pressure homogenisation (hph) was analysed to determine the feasibility of rupturing algal cells for biodiesel production. experimentally, the processing capacity (i.e. flow rate), power draw and cell disruption efficiency of hph were independent of feed concentration (for nannochloropsis... | energy evaluation of algal cell disruption by high pressure homogenisation |
the cities across the northern dry region of china are exposed to multiple sustainability challenges. beijing‑hebei‑tianjin (bth) urban agglomeration, for example, experiences severe water shortages due to rapidly expanding urban populations, industrial use, and irrigation‑intensive agriculture. climate change has furt... | healthy waterways and ecologically sustainable cities in beijing‑tianjin‑hebei urban agglomeration (northern china): challenges and future directions |
silica sand and quartz represent the second most common mineral in the earth's crust. the silica-water interface is central to the processing of a large number of mineral systems and the flow properties of particulate suspensions. in particular, these flow properties define the upper limit to processing of tailings sus... | viscoelastic behaviour of flocculated silica sediments in concentrated monovalent chloride salt solutions |
vegetation clearing has been implicated as a major contributor to biodiversity loss. it therefore stands to reason that developers should face a regulatory requirement to assess potential impacts and to avoid, mitigate and compensate for loss of vegetation wherever proposed infrastructure developments impact on vegetat... | environmental impact assessments can misrepresent species distributions: a case study of koalas in queensland, australia |
dusty (or complex) plasmas in the earth’s middle and upper atmosphere ultimately result in exotic phenomena that are currently forefront research issues in the space science community. this paper presents some of the basic criteria and fundamental physical processes associated with the creation, evolution and dynamics ... | charged dust phenomena in the near-earth space environment |
marine ecosystem forecasting is an important innovation in fisheries science with considerable value for industry and management, providing new data‑driven means of predicting the distribution and availability of commercially exploited fish stocks over a range of timescales, including near‑real‑time and seasonal. marin... | achieving sustainable and climate‑resilient fisheries requires marine ecosystem forecasts to include fish condition |
reported herein are first observations of narrowband stimulated electromagnetic emissions (nsees) within ±30 hz of the second harmonic of the pump wave frequency during ionospheric heating experiments at the high frequency active auroral research program facility. the observations are juxtaposed with contemporaneous ns... | first observations of narrowband stimulated electromagnetic emissions at the pump frequency second harmonic during ionosphere interaction experiments |
shark‑control nets pose an entanglement risk to east australian humpback whales during their annual northward and southward migrations between the southern ocean and the coral sea. rates of whale entanglement exhibit seasonal and interannual variation, suggesting that an understanding of the influence of variability in... | a current affair: entanglement of humpback whales in coastal shark‑control nets |
the first report is made of a holistic investigation of stimulated electromagnetic emission (see) during ionospheric electron gyroharmonic heating using a diagnostic approach at the high frequency active auroral research program facility. the evolution of see polarization and plasma irregularity development near the th... | asymmetry in stimulated emission polarization and irregularity evolution during ionospheric electron gyroharmonic heating |
ballistic tongue projection in lungless salamanders displays both extreme performance and thermal robustness, with the power of projection far exceeding the available muscle power even at low body temperatures. our comparative analysis reveals that relatively minor changes in the musculoskeletal morphology of the tongu... | evolution of a high-performance and functionally robust musculoskeletal system in salamanders |
humanised xenograft models allow for the analysis of human tissue within a physiological environment in vivo. however, current models often rely on the angiogenesis and ingrowth of recipient vasculature to perfuse tissues, preventing analysis of biological processes and diseases involving human blood vessels. this limi... | developing a xenograft model of human vasculature in the mouse ear pinna |
microbial communities play an integral role in global biogeochemical cycling, but our understanding of how global change will affect microbial community structure and functioning remains limited. microbiome analyses typically aggregate large amounts of genetic diversity which may obscure finer variation in traits. abst... | differential response of bacterial microdiversity to simulated global change |
federal rule changes governing natural gas pipelines have made non-destructive techniques, such as instrumented indentation testing (iit), an attractive alternative to destructive tests for verifying properties of steel pipeline segments that lack traceable records. ongoing work from pacific gas and electric company's ... | accurate estimation of yield strength and ultimate tensile strength through instrumented indentation testing and chemical composition testing |
agriculture has recently been the subject of considerable research and policy attention. events such as the 2008 'world food price crisis' and concerns over the future of global food security have led to calls for a 'new green revolution', with an emphasis on boosting yields through new transgenic crop varieties. howev... | seeds, agricultural systems and socio‑natures: towards an actor–network theory informed political ecology of agriculture |
the reuse of water in a range of potable and non-potable applications is an important factor in the augmentation of water supply and in improving water security and productivity worldwide. a key hindrance to the reuse of water is the cost of compliance testing and process validation associated with ensuring that pathog... | a critical control point approach to the removal of chemicals of concern from water for reuse |
oceanic top predators have ecological, social and economic value of global significance. these wide-ranging marine species, which include sharks, tunas and billfishes, marine mammals, turtles and seabirds, are the focus of international research attention under the climate impacts on oceanic top predators (cliotop) sci... | international collaboration and comparative research on ocean top predators under cliotop |
in this study, we present the results of an inversion of ionospheric phase scintillation data to characterize the plasma density irregularity parameters for the structures associated with a series of polar cap patches. the parameter estimates obtained during the inversion suggests that the irregularities associated wit... | ionospheric scintillation data inversion to characterize the structures associated with a series of polar cap patches |
this paper presents data from two campaigns at the high frequency active auroral research program facility (haarp) in 2011 and 2012. the measurements of stimulated radio emissions (often called stimulated electromagnetic emissions or see) were conducted 15 km from the haarp site. the potential of narrowband see (nsee) ... | investigation of third gyro-harmonic heating at haarp using stimulated radio emissions and the muir and kodiak radars |
contained herein are results from an experimental study of geomagnetic field ( b 0 ) impacts on second harmonic generation (shg) during the interaction of high power, high frequency radio waves with the ionosphere. these magnetic field effects on shg are assessed by (1) considering the proximity of the pump frequency t... | geomagnetic field impacts on second harmonic generation during high power radio wave-ionosphere interaction |
the effect of cold-rolling on the microstructure and molten salt corrosion behaviour of 316l alloy was investigated. corrosion tests were performed in flinak salt at 600 °c for 300 h. the present results indicate that cold-rolling leads to enhanced corrosion in molten salt despite its beneficial effect on the alloys me... | the effect of cold-rolling on the microstructure and corrosion behaviour of 316l alloy in flinak molten salt |
due to the potential for new diagnostic capabilities, there has been renewed interest in the generation of ionospheric stimulated electromagnetic emissions (sees) near the second harmonic of the pump frequency (ω0), a process known as second harmonic generation (shg). observations of shg during experiments at the high ... | pump power effects on second harmonic stimulated electromagnetic emissions during ionosphere heating |
wnt5a-ror signaling is a master regulator of tissue shape, and dysfunction of the pathway contributes to congenital birth defects and cancer metastasis. the molecular underpinnings of this pathway, however, remain unclear. to identify subcellular protein changes driven by wnt5a-ror signaling, we conducted a large-scale... | proteomic analysis identifies the e3 ubiquitin ligase pdzrn3 as a regulatory target of wnt5a-ror signaling |
this paper presents the first study of the modulation of polar mesospheric winter echoes (pmwe) by artificial radio wave heating using computational modeling and experimental observation in different radar frequency bands. the temporal behavior of pmwe response to hf pump heating can be employed to diagnose the charged... | remote sensing of mesospheric dust layers using active modulation of pmwe by high-power radio waves |
the stability of a quasi-static near-earth dipolarization front (df) is investigated with a two-dimensional electromagnetic particle-in-cell model. strongly localized ambipolar electric fields self-consistently generate a highly sheared dawnward e→×b→ electron drift on the kinetic scale in the df. electromagnetic parti... | a new perspective for dipolarization front dynamics: electromagnetic effects of velocity inhomogeneity |
the behavior of polar mesospheric summer echoes (pmses) during an electron precipitation event is investigated by including dusty plasma effects for the first time. the observational data recorded with the very high frequency (224 mhz) and ultrahigh frequency (930 mhz) radars at the european incoherent scatter scientif... | dusty space plasma diagnosis using the behavior of polar mesospheric summer echoes during electron precipitation events |
artificial ionospheric gps phase scintillation effects excited during the fourth gyroharmonic (4fce) heating at the high frequency active auroral research program along with a theoretical model for the associated ionospheric irregularities are presented in this paper. the generation mechanism and time evolution of arti... | artificial ionospheric gps phase scintillation excited during high-power radiowave modulation of the ionosphere |
red osier dogwood (rod) (cornus stolonifer) is a popular ornamental shrub in most parts of north america. it has a record of ethnopharmacological uses by native north americans. with increasing awareness about the health benefits of natural antioxidants, efforts are needed to develop methods for producing plant-based a... | hydrothermal extraction, a promising method for concentrating phenolic antioxidants from red osier dogwood (cornus stolonifer) leaves and stems |
we report observations of stimulated electromagnetic emission (see) induced by high power high frequency (hf) radio waves near the third electron gyroharmonic (3fce) at european incoherent scatter radar (eiscat). it is discovered that stimulated brillouin scattering (sbs) spectrum behaves similarly as spectral ion line... | a stimulated emission diagnostic technique for electron temperature of the high power radio wave modified ionosphere |
electromagnetic (em) and electrostatic (es) emissions can be generated in the ionosphere by high-power high-frequency (hf) radio waves transmitted from the ground. the signatures of the em emissions observed on the ground are known as stimulated electromagnetic emissions (see) and can be employed for remote measurement... | investigation of incoherent scatter radar spectra features with stimulated electromagnetic emissions at eiscat |
the molten salt corrosion performance of a ni-mo-cr (gh3535) alloy weldment, produced using matching filler metal, was assessed. corrosion testing was performed in flinak molten salt at 750 °c for 500 h. present results reveal that, despite a similar chemical composition, the weld metal has somewhat superior corrosion ... | molten salt corrosion (flinak) of a ni-mo-cr alloy and its welds for application in energy-generation and energy-storage systems |
this paper considers an initially networked suspension in a batch settler subjected to very slow aggregate densification. the so-called pseudo-steady state aggregate densification theory developed by van deventer (2012) has been extended to the case of initially networked suspensions. the solids behaviour and the evolu... | mathematical modelling of batch sedimentation subject to slow aggregate densification |
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