abstract stringlengths 3 192k | title stringlengths 4 857 |
|---|---|
nova is a long baseline neutrino experiment based at fermilab that studies neutrino oscillation parameters via electron neutrino appearance and muon neutrino disappearance. the oscillation measurements compare the far detector data to an oscillated prediction which accounts for the near detector (nd) data and our understanding of neutrino interactions and cross-sections by using genie simulation. by tuning the cross section model to better represent neutrino scattering data from nova's nd and other experiments, we can extract oscillation parameters with a more accurate representation of cross section uncertainties. this tuning process is performed in the nd, before the oscillations occur. we present potential improvements to the cross section tune used for nova's 2018 joint neutrino and antineutrino analysis. | cross section tuning in nova |
using wide phase-space electron scattering data, we study a novel technique for neutrino energy reconstruction for future neutrino oscillation experiments. accelerator-based neutrino oscillation experiments require detailed understanding of neutrino-nucleus interactions, which are complicated by the underlying nuclear physics that governs the process. one area of concern is that neutrino energy must be reconstructed event-by-event from the final-state kinematics. in charged-current quasielastic scattering, fermi motion of nucleons prevents exact energy reconstruction. however, in scattering from deuterium, the momentum of the electron and proton constrain the neutrino energy exactly, offering a new avenue for reducing systematic uncertainties. to test this approach, we analyzed d (e ,e' p) data taken with the clas detector at jefferson lab hall b and made kinematic selection cuts to obtain quasielastic events. we estimated the remaining inelastic background by using d (e ,e' pπ-) events to produce a simulated dataset of events with an undetected π-. these results demonstrate the feasibility of energy reconstruction in a hypothetical future deuterium-based neutrino detector. supported by the paul e. gray urop fund, mit. | electrons for neutrinos: using electron scattering to develop new energy reconstruction for future deuterium-based neutrino detectors |
to study neutrino oscillations, the knowledge of the initial neutrino energy is required. this energy cannot be determined directly because neutrino beams have a broad energy distribution. instead, the initial energy is estimated from the final state particles using two main approaches. it can be determined either from the total energy of all the final state particles or, if the neutrino scatters quasi-elastically from a bound nucleon then the initial energy can be calculated approximately using the scattered angle and the energy of the outgoing charged lepton. however this is not the case in real experiments, where nuclei such as argon, iron, carbon or other heavy nuclei are used to have higher interaction rates. we have applied the methods of neutrino energy estimation to the jefferson lab clas electron scattering data and have studied how well we can reconstruct the beam energy from the scattered electron alone and from the scattered electron plus proton for a variety of targets and beam energies. | validation of neutrino energy estimation using electron scattering data |
i will review past and present efforts to detect coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (cevns), its importance in the context of the study of fundamental neutrino properties, and possible future technological applications. ongoing and planned coherent activities at ornl will also be discussed, with an emphasis on the experimental challenges ahead. | coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering: the shape of things to come |
microboone is a neutrino experiment based at fermilab that utilizes a liquid argon time projection chamber located on-axis in the booster neutrino beam (bnb). one of the experiment's main goals is a search for the excess of electron-neutrino-like events seen by the miniboone experiment, located near microboone in the bnb. i will describe the status of our deep-learning-based search for low-energy electron neutrino interactions within the microboone detector and the muon neutrino interactions by which we will constrain them. in particular, i will present the muon neutrino event selection, the systematic uncertainties associated with neutrino-argon interactions, and the technique we plan to use for constraining systematic uncertainties on electron neutrino scattering on argon using muon neutrino data. this research was prepared by the microboone collaboration using the resources of fermi national accelerator laboratory (fermilab), a us department of energy (doe), office of science, hep user facility. microboone is supported by: the us doe, office of science, offices of high energy physics and nuclear physics; the us national science foundation; the swiss national science foundation; the science and technology facilities council of the united kingdom; and the royal society (uk). | constraining electron neutrino systematic uncertainties with muon neutrino events in microboone |
a light yield of 20 . 4 +/- 0 . 8 photoelectrons/kev was achieved with an undoped csi crystal coupled directly to a photomultiplier tube at 77 kelvin. this is by far the largest in the world achieved with csi crystals. an energy threshold that is several times lower than the current dark matter experiments utilizing csi(tl) crystals may be achievable using this technique. together with novel csi crystal purification methods, the technique may be used to improve the sensitivities of dark matter and coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering experiments. also measured were the scintillation light decay constants of the undoped csi crystal at both room temperature and 77 kelvin. the results are consistent with those in the literature. this work was supported by nsf phy-1506036, usa and grant-in-aid (b) project no. 26800122, mext, japan. | light yield of an undoped csi crystal coupled directly to a photomultiplier tube at 77 kelvin |
the study of coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering provides an opportunity for novel tests of the standard model, and therefore for explorations of physics beyond the standard model including the search for non-standard neutrino interactions and portals to hidden particle sectors. additionally, coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering presents an interesting challenge as an irreducible background for upcoming low-threshold experiments searching for direct detection of dark matter from dark matter-nuclei scattering processes. in this talk i will overview theoretical aspects of coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering including its standard model prediction, its utility in probing physics beyond the standard model in upcoming experiments, and its implications for the ultimate reach of direct detection of dark matter. | theory overview of coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering and implications for physics beyond the standard model |
when studying neutrino oscillations an understanding of charged current quasielastic (ccqe) neutrino-nucleus scattering is imperative. this interaction depends on a nuclear model as well as knowledge of form factors. neutrino experiments, such as miniboone, often use the relativistic fermi gas (rfg) nuclear model. recently, the correlated fermi gas (cfg) nuclear model was suggested in, based on inclusive and exclusive scattering experiments at jlab. we implement the cfg model for ccqe scattering. in particular, we provide analytic expressions for this implementation that can be used to analyze current and future neutrino ccqe data. this project was supported through the wayne state university reu program under nsf grant phy-1460853 and by the doe grant de-sc0007983. | implementing the correlated fermi gas nuclear model for quasielastic neutrino-nucleus scattering |
weakly interacting dark matter direct detection experiments are rapidly approaching sensitivity levels where neutrino scattering background events will overwhelm any potential signal in the 10-100 gev dark matter mass range. since no experiment has provided conclusive evidence of dark matter in this mass range-and with its accessible parameter space shrinking-new models of sub-gev dark matter have generated interest. we present a detector design based on superfluid helium to probe low-mass weakly interacting dark matter parameter space. our proposed designs reads out energy from recoils in the helium by detecting atoms ejected from the superfluid surface by roton and phonon excitations. these helium atoms are detected by surface binding to bolometry suspended in the vacuum above the detector mass, which also amplifies the signal energy. to discriminate event types, bolometers submerged in the liquid helium detect scintillation photons from recoil events. in this talk we present simulation work predicting the sensitivity of this detector concept to new areas of low-mass parameter space and progress with experimental neutron scattering efforts to characterize helium scintillation in nuclear recoil events. | progress towards a sub-gev dark matter search using superfluid helium-4 |
we present a first search for dark-trident scattering in a neutrino beam using a data set corresponding to $7.2 \times 10^{20}$ protons on target taken with the microboone detector at fermilab. proton interactions in the neutrino target at the main injector produce $\pi^0$ and $\eta$ mesons, which could decay into dark-matter (dm) particles mediated via a dark photon $a^\prime$. a convolutional neural network is trained to identify interactions of the dm particles in the liquid-argon time projection chamber (lartpc) exploiting its image-like reconstruction capability. in the absence of a dm signal, we provide limits at the $90\%$ confidence level on the squared kinematic mixing parameter $\varepsilon^2$ as a function of the dark-photon mass in the range $10\le m_{a^\prime}\le 400$ mev. the limits cover previously unconstrained parameter space for the production of fermion or scalar dm particles $\chi$ for two benchmark models with mass ratios $m_{\chi}/m_{a^\prime}=0.6$ and $2$ and for dark fine-structure constants $0.1\le\alpha_d\le 1$. | first search for dark-trident processes using the microboone detector |
snd@lhc is a compact and stand-alone experiment to perform measurements with neutrinos produced at the lhc in a hitherto unexplored pseudo-rapidity region of 7.2 < {\eta} < 8.4, complementary to all the other experiments at the lhc. the experiment is located 480 m downstream of atlas ip1 in the unused ti18 tunnel. the detector is composed of a hybrid system based on an 800 kg target mass of tungsten plates, interleaved with emulsion and electronic trackers, followed downstream by a calorimeter and a muon system. the configuration allows efficiently distinguishing between all three neutrino flavours, opening a unique opportunity to probe physics of heavy flavour production at the lhc in the region that is not accessible to atlas, cms and lhcb. this region is of particular interest also for future circular colliders and for predictions of very high-energy atmospheric neutrinos. the detector concept is also well suited to searching for feebly interacting particles via signatures of scattering in the detector target. the first phase aims at operating the detector throughout lhc run 3 to collect a total of 250 inverse femtobarns. this presentation reports the current status of the analysis, after the data collected in the first year of data taking. a new era of collider neutrino physics is just starting. | the scattering and neutrino detector at the lhc |
simulations of neutrino interactions are playing an increasingly important role in the pursuit of high-priority measurements for the field of particle physics. a significant technical barrier for efficient development of these simulations is the lack of a standard data format for representing individual neutrino scattering events. we propose and define such a universal format, named nuhepmc, as a common standard for the output of neutrino event generators. the nuhepmc format uses data structures and concepts from the hepmc3 event record library adopted by other subfields of high-energy physics. these are supplemented with an original set of conventions for generically representing neutrino interaction physics within the hepmc3 infrastructure. | nuhepmc: a standardized event record format for neutrino event generators |
the origin of the excess of low-energy events observed by the miniboone experiment remains a mystery, despite exhaustive investigations of backgrounds and a series of null measurements from complementary experiments. one intriguing explanation is the production of beyond-the-standard-model particles that could mimic the experimental signature of additional $\nu_e$ appearance seen in miniboone. in one proposed mechanism, muon neutrinos up-scatter to produce a new ``dark neutrino'' state that decays by emitting highly-collimated electron-positron pairs. we propose high-energy neutrinos produced from $w$ boson decays at the large hadron collider as an ideal laboratory to study such models. simple searches for a low-mass, boosted di-lepton resonance produced in association with a high-$p_\text{t}$ muon from the $w$ decay with run 2 data would already provide unique sensitivity to a range of dark neutrino scenarios, with prompt and displaced searches providing complementarity. looking farther ahead, we show how the unprecedented sample of $w$ boson decays anticipated at the hl-lhc, together with improved lepton acceptance would explore much of the parameter space most compatible with the miniboone excess. | shedding light on the miniboone excess with searches at the lhc |
in this paper, i investigate a neutral current (nc) antineutrinos scattering with neutron star (ns) matter constituents at zero temperature. the modeling of the standard matters in ns is constructed in the framework of both extended relativistic mean-field (e-rmf) and nonrelativistic korea-ibs-daegu-skku energy density functional (kids-edf) models. in the e-rmf model, i use a new parameter of g3(m), which was constrained by the recent prex ii experiment measurement of neutron distribution of $^{208}\rm{pb}$, while the kids-edf models are constrained by terrestrial experiments, gravitational-wave signals, and astrophysical observations. using both optimal and well-constrained matter models, i then calculate the antineutrino differential cross-section (adcs) and antineutrino mean free path (amfp) of the antineutrinos-ns matter constituents interaction using a linear response theory. one found that the amfp for the kids0 and kidsa models are smaller in comparison to the sly4 model and the e-rmf model with the g3(m) parameter. the amfp result of the sly4 model is found almost similar prediction to that of the e-rmf model with the g3(m) parameter. contributions of each nucleon to total amfp are also presented for the g3(m) model. | antineutrino opacity in neutron stars in the models constrained by recent terrestrial experiments and astrophysical observations |
large-scale neutrino telescopes have the primary objective to detect and characterize neutrino sources in the universe. these experiments rely on the detection of charged leptons produced in the interaction of neutrinos with nuclei. angular resolutions are estimated to be better than 1 degree, which is achieved by the reconstruction of muons. this angular resolution is a measure of the accuracy with which the direction of incoming neutrinos can be determined. since muons can traverse distances of several kilometers through media, the original muon direction can differ from the muon direction inside the detector due to deflections by stochastic interactions and multiple scattering. in this contribution, a recently published study of muon deflections based on the simulation tool proposal is presented. muons with various energies are propagated through different media over several distances. data-monte-carlo comparisons as well as comparisons to the simulation tools music and geant4 are performed. finally, the impact of muon deflections on large-scale neutrino telescopes is discussed. | the relevance of muon deflections for neutrino telescopes |
accelerator-based experiments reliant on charged pion and kaon decays to produce muon-neutrino beams also deliver an associated powerful flux of muons. therefore, these experiments can additionally be sensitive to light new particles that preferentially couple to muons and decay to visible final states on macroscopic length scales. such particles are produced through rare 3-body meson decays in the decay pipe or via muon scattering in the beam dump, and decay in a downstream detector. to demonstrate the potential of this search strategy, we recast existing miniboone and microboone studies of neutral pion production in neutrino-induced neutral-current scattering ($\nu_\mu n \to \nu_\mu n \pi^0,~\pi^0\rightarrow \gamma\gamma$) to place new leading limits on light ($< 2m_\mu$) muon-philic scalar particles that decay to diphotons through loops of virtual muons. our results exclude scalars of mass between 10 and 60 mev in which this scenario resolves the muon $g-2$ anomaly. we also make projections for the sensitivity of sbnd to these models and provide a road map for future neutrino experiments to perform dedicated searches for muon-philic forces. | new $\\mu$ forces from $\\nu_\\mu$ sources |
the miner νa detector situated in fermilab, is designed to make precision cross section measurements for neutrino scattering processes on various nuclei. i will present the two most recent results from the miner νa charged current quasi-elastic (ccqe) studies. the event sample for both analyses are the ccqe-like final state topology and contain contributions from quasi-elastic and inelastic processes where pions are absorbed in the nucleus. one of the analyses is the miner νa experiment's first double-differential scattering cross sections for antineutrinos on the hydrocarbon target in the few-gev range relevant to experiments such as dune and nova. we compare to models produced by different model generators, and are able to draw first conclusions about the predictions of these models. another analysis, is the ccqe-like analysis for neutrinos on the nuclear targets of carbon, iron and lead. the ratio of differential cross sections on these targets to the differential cross section on the hydrocarbon target are examined to study nuclear effects. | recent ccqe results from minerva |
dark matter (dm) search is one of the most significant tasks of modern physics. direct dm searches are nowadays one of the most fervid research topics with many experimental efforts devoted to the search for nucleus recoils induced by the scattering of weakly interactive massive particles (wimp). the new experiment newsdm (nuclear emulsions for wimp search - directional measurement) aimed at direct search for dm particles is based on the technologies of nuclear emulsions combining high spatial resolution and the possibility of creating large mass detectors. emulsion detectors able to reconstruct the direction of the nuclei recoiling on the wimp are opening a new frontier to possibly extend dm searches beyond the neutrino background. the detector concept foresees the use of a bulk of nuclear emulsion surrounded with a shield from environmental radioactivity, to be placed on an equatorial telescope in order to cancel out the effect of the earth rotation keeping the detector at a fixed orientation toward the expected direction of galactic wimps. exploiting directionality would also prove the galactic origin of dm with an unambiguous signal-to-background separation. the use in newsdm of fine-grained nuclear emulsions both as target and nanometric tracking device for directional dm searches gives a unique opportunity for a high-significance discovery of galactic dm. | new experiment for wimp direct search (newsdm) |
sno+ is a neutrinoless double beta decay and low energy neutrino experiment located in sudbury, canada. to improve our understanding of the detector energy resolution and systematics, calibration systems have been developed to continuously monitor the optical properties of the detector, such as absorption, reemission and scattering. this poster provides an overview of the scattering calibration system: the scattering module of the embedded led/laser light injection entity (smellie), designed to measure the scattering length in situ, over a wavelength range of 375nm - 700nm. we present analyses for both water and scintillator filled detector states. | scattering length monitoring at the sno+ detector |
superscaling model (susa) predictions to neutrino-induced charged-current π+ production in the δ-resonance region are explored under miniboone experimental conditions. the susa charged-current π+ results are in good agreement with data on neutrino flux-averaged double-differential cross sections. the susa model for quasielastic scattering and its extension to the pion production region are used for predictions of charged-current inclusive neutrino- nucleus cross sections. the contribution of two-particle-two-hole vector meson-exchange current excitations is also considered within a fully relativistic model. results are compared with the t2k experimental data for inclusive scattering. | charged-current inclusive neutrino cross sections in the superscaling model |
experiments searching for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter are now detecting background events from solar neutrino-electron scattering. however, the dominant background in state-of-the-art experiments such as lz and xenonnt is beta decays from radon contamination. in spite of careful detector material screening, radon progenitor atoms are ubiquitous and long-lived, and radon is extremely soluble in liquid xenon. we propose a change of phase and demonstrate that crystalline xenon offers more than a factor x500 exclusion against radon ingress, compared with the liquid state. this level of radon exclusion would allow crystallized versions of existing experiments to probe spin-independent cross sections near 1e-47 cm2 in roughly 11 years, as opposed to the 35~years required otherwise. | towards a neutrino-limited dark matter search with crystalline xenon |
we perform a global fit of dark matter interactions with nucleons using a non-relativistic effective operator description, considering both direct detection and neutrino data. we examine the impact of combining the direct detection experiments cdmslite, cresst-ii, cresst-iii, darkside-50, lux, lz, pandax-ii, pandax-4t, pico-60, simple, supercdms, xenon100, and xenon1t along with neutrino data from icecube and antares. while current neutrino telescope data lead to increased sensitivity compared to underground nuclear scattering experiments for dark matter masses above 100 gev, our future projections show that the next generation of underground experiments will significantly outpace solar searches for most dark matter-nucleon elastic scattering interactions. | a global fit of non-relativistic effective dark matter operators including solar neutrinos |
the isovector axial form factor of the nucleon plays a key role in interpreting data from long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments. we present a lattice qcd calculation of this form factor, introducing a new method to directly extract its z-expansion from lattice correlators. our final parameterization of the form factor, which extends up to spacelike virtualities of 0.7 gev^2 with fully quantified uncertainties, agrees with previous lattice calculations but is significantly less steep than neutrino-deuterium scattering data suggests. | isovector axial form factor of the nucleon from lattice qcd |
the luce (lutetium scintillation experiment) project will search for the 176lu electron capture based on a milli-kelvin calorimetric approach. this decay is of special interest in the field of nuclear structure, with implications for the s-process and for a better comprehension of the nuclear matrix elements of neutrinoless double beta decay (0{\nu}\b{eta}\b{eta}) and two-neutrino double beta decay (2{\nu}\b{eta}\b{eta}). possible impacts also include the development of a new class of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (ce{\nu}ns) and spin-dependent (independent) dark matter detectors. we report on the current status and design of a novel detector cryogenic-module for the measurement of the electron capture and detail a future measurement plan. | luce: a milli-kelvin calorimeter experiment to study the electron capture of 176lu |
this work studies collinearly factorizable nuclear parton distribution functions (npdfs) in perturbative quantum chromodynamics (qcd) at next-to-leading order in the light of hadron-nucleus collision data which have not been included in npdf analyses previously. the aim is at setting new constraints on the nuclear modifications of the gluon distribution and on the flavour separation of quark nuclear modifications. the introductory part provides an outline of the theoretical framework of qcd collinear factorization and the used statistical methods and relates the work presented here to other similar contemporary analyses. as a result, a new set of npdfs, epps16, is presented, including for the first time electroweak-boson and dijet production data from cern-lhc proton-lead collisions and allowing a full flavour separation in the fit. the flavour separation is constrained with drell-yan dilepton-production data from fixed target pion-nucleus experiments and neutrino-nucleus deep-inelastic scattering data, which are shown to give evidence for the similarity of the u and d valence-quark nuclear modifications. for studying the gluon degrees of freedom, collider data are essential and in the epps16 analysis new constraints are derived from the dijet production at the lhc. possible further constraints for the gluons are investigated in terms of the lhc data on nuclear modification ratios of dijet and d-meson production. using a non-quadratically improved hessian reweighting method, these measurements are found to put stringent constraints on the gluon modifications in the lead nucleus, reaching smaller values of the nucleon momentum fraction than previously accessible. a study on the future prospects of constraining npdfs within a multi-observable approach with the bnl-rhic is also given. | new constraints for nuclear parton distribution functions from hadron-nucleus collision processes |
i overview our recent activity with the argonne-osaka dynamical coupled-channels (dcc) approach that provides a unified description of various electroweak meson productions on single nucleon and nucleus. first i discuss the dcc model of a single nucleon. the dcc model has been developed through a comprehensive analysis of πn, γn → πn, ηn, kλ, kς reaction data. the model has been further extended to finite q2 region by analyzing pion electroproduction data, and to neutrino-induced reactions using the pcac relation. next i discuss applications of the dcc model to electroweak meson productions on the deuteron. we consider impulse mechanism supplemented by final state interactions (fsi) due to nn and meson-nucleon rescatterings. using this model, i discuss fsi corrections needed to extract γ-neutron reaction observables from γd → πnn, and a novel method to extract ηn scattering length from γd → ηpn. i also discuss fsi corrections on the existing neutrino-nucleon pion production data that had been extracted from neutrino-deuteron data. | dynamical coupled-channels approach to electroweak meson productions on nucleon and deuteron |
precision measurements of antineutrino elastic scattering on hydrogen from future neutrino experiments offer a unique opportunity to access the low-energy structure of protons and neutrons. we discuss the determination of the nucleon axial-vector form factor and radius from antineutrino interactions on hydrogen which can be collected at the future long-baseline neutrino facility (lbnf), and study the sources of theoretical and experimental uncertainties. the projected accuracy would improve existing measurements by one order of magnitude and be competitive with contemporary lattice-qcd determinations, potentially helping to resolve the corresponding tension with measurements from (anti)neutrino elastic scattering on deuterium. we find that the current knowledge of the nucleon vector form factors could be one of the dominant sources of uncertainty. we also evaluate the constraints which can be simultaneously obtained on the absolute $\bar \nu_\mu$ flux normalization. | nucleon axial-vector radius and form factor from future neutrino experiments |
we propose that the sound wave coming to the inner side of miniboone detector could be one of the sources for our having the neutrino anomaly in the experiment. we start with presenting a rough estimate for the size of the energy associated with the sound wave coming into the detector, the size of the loss of energy associate with the save wave as it travels down to the target medium due to their gravitationally interacting with the sound wave in a classical sense. after that, we describe that the neutrino anomaly could be due to the sound wave interacting with the detector material under the pressure due to the presence of the mineral oil and their producing phonon-induced electrons via a process such as the thermionic emission, which may lead more events to be identified as electron-like events in the experiment. we also address that the sound wave may scatter with the electrons produced from the electron-photon shower. | when sound wave meets the neutrino anomaly |
borexino could efficiently distinguish between alpha and beta radiation in its liquid scintillator by the characteristic time profile of their scintillation pulse. this alpha/beta discrimination, first demonstrated at the tonne scale in the counting test facility prototype, was used throughout the lifetime of the experiment between 2007 and 2021. with this method, alpha events are identified and subtracted from the beta-like solar neutrino events. this is particularly important in liquid scintillator as alpha scintillation is quenched many-fold. in borexino, the prominent po-210 decay peak was a background in the energy range of electrons scattered from be-7 solar neutrinos. optimal alpha-beta discrimination was achieved with a "multi-layer perceptron neural network", which its higher ability to leverage the timing information of the scintillation photons detected by the photomultiplier tubes. an event-by-event, high efficiency, stable, and uniform pulse shape discrimination was essential in characterising the spatial distribution of background in the detector. this benefited most borexino measurements, including solar neutrinos in the \pp chain and the first direct observation of the cno cycle in the sun. this paper presents the key milestones in alpha/beta discrimination in borexino as a term of comparison for current and future large liquid scintillator detectors | novel techniques for alpha/beta pulse shape discrimination in borexino |
we report on an update (2021) of a phenomenological model for inelastic neutrino- and electron-nucleon scattering cross sections using effective leading order parton distribution functions with a new scaling variable $\xi_w$. non-perturbative effects are well described using the $\xi_w$ scaling variable in combination with multiplicative $k$ factors at low $q^2$. the model describes all inelastic charged-lepton-nucleon scattering data (hera/nmc/bcdms/slac/jlab) ranging from very high $q^2$ to very low $q^2$ and down to the $q^2=0$ photo-production region. the model has been developed to be used in analyses of neutrino oscillation experiments in the few gev region. the 2021 update accounts for the difference between axial and vector structure functions which brings it into much better agreement with neutrino-nucleon total cross section measurements. the model has been developed primarily for hadronic final state masses $w$ above 1.8 gev. however with additional parameters the model also describes the $average$ neutrino cross sections in the resonance region down to $w$=1.4 gev. | inelastic axial and vector structure functions for lepton-nucleon scattering update |
precise measurements of the mass of the w boson are important to test the overall consistency of the standard model of particle physics. the current best measurements of the w boson mass come from single production measurements at hadron colliders in its decay mode to a lepton (electron or muon) and a neutrino and pair production of w bosons at lepton colliders, where both the leptonic and hadronic decay modes of the w boson have been considered. in this study, prospects for a measurement of the w boson mass in the all-jet final state at hadron colliders are presented. the feasibility of this measurement takes advantage of numerous recent developments in the field of jet substructure. compared to other methods for measuring the w mass, a measurement in the all-jets final state would be complementary in methodology and have systematic uncertainties orthogonal to previous measurements. we have estimated the main experimental and theoretical uncertainties affecting a measurement in the all-jet final state. with new trigger strategies, a statistical uncertainty for the measurement of the mass difference between the z and w bosons of 30 mev could be reached with hl-lhc data corresponding to 3000 fb-1 of integrated luminosity. however, in order to reach that precision, the current understanding of non-perturbative contributions to the invariant mass of w → q\overline{q}^' } and z → b\overline{b} jets will need to be refined. similar strategies will also allow the reach for generic boosted resonances searches in hadronic channels to be extended. | prospects for a measurement of the w boson mass in the all-jets final state at hadron colliders |
current and planned neutrino oscillation experiments operate in the 0.1-10 gev energy regime. at these energies, the neutrino cross section is not well understood: a variety of interaction processes are possible and nuclear effects play a significant role. here, the conceptual problems that affect measuring and understanding neutrino cross sections are introduced, and the status of neutrino cross section measurements for cc0$\pi$ and cc1$\pi$ channels are discussed. | measurements of neutrino-nucleus scattering |
we summarize some of the results presented in arxiv:1801.07975 [nucl-th]\cite{fsipaper}(to be published in epjc in 2018) on modeling electron and neutrino qe scattering on a variety of nuclei within the impulse approximation. we find that with three parameters we can describe the final state lepton energy for all of available electron qe data on lithium, carbon+oxygen, aluminum, calcium+argon, iron and lead+gold. the first parameter, the removal energy $\epsilon^{p,n}$ is extracted from exclusive ee$^{\prime}$p spectral function data. the second parameter $v_{eff}$, which accounts for the interaction of final state leptons and protons with the coulomb potential of the nucleus, is available from published comparisons of inclusive qe electron and positron cross section. we extract the third parameter $u_{fsi}(\vec {q}_3^2)$, which accounts for the interaction of the final state nucleon with the optical potential of the spectator nucleus (fsi), by fitting all available inclusive qe cross sections on nuclear targets. here $q_3$ is the three momentum transfer. with these three parameters we can model the energy of final state electrons and nucleons for all available electron qe scattering data. at present the uncertainty in the value of the removal energy parameters is a the largest source of systematic error in the extraction of the neutrino oscillation parameter $\delta{m}^2$. the use of the updated parameters in neutrino monte carlo generators reduces the systematic uncertainty in the combined removal energy (with fsi corrections) from $\pm$ 20 mev to $\pm$ 5 mev. in this short contribution we only summarize the results for carbon+oxygen and calcium+argon | optical potential and removal energies in lepton nucleus scattering |
coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (ce$\nu$ns) offers a valuable approach in searching for physics beyond the standard model. the ricochet experiment aims to perform a precision measurement of the ce$\nu$ns spectrum at the institut laue-langevin nuclear reactor with cryogenic solid-state detectors. the experiment plans to employ an array of cryogenic thermal detectors, each with a mass around 30 g and an energy threshold of sub-100 ev. the array includes nine detectors read out by transition-edge sensors (tes). these tes based detectors will also serve as demonstrators for future neutrino experiments with thousands of detectors. in this article we present an update in the characterization and modeling of a prototype tes detector. | modeling and characterization of tes-based detectors for the ricochet experiment |
the remarkable observations in the pion induced and charge exchange reactions on a nucleus are the significant shift and broadening of the $\delta (1232)$-peak relative to free pion nucleon scattering. for the forward going massless leptons, the weak process $(\nu_l,l)$ on a nucleon, according to adler's partially conserved axial current theorem, is connected to the pion nucleon scattering. this mechanism is also applicable to the nucleus. therefore, the modification of the $\delta$-peak in a nucleus can be seen in the $(\nu_l,l)$ reaction since it is connected to the pion nucleus scattering. to investigate this issue quantitatively, the double differential cross sections of the forward going ejectile $l$ energy distribution in the $(\nu_l,l)$ reaction are calculated in the $\delta$-excitation region for both proton and nucleus. the measured pion nucleon and pion nucleus scattering cross sections in the quoted energy region are used in these reactions as input. since the $(\nu_l,l)$ reaction is connected to the pion induced scattering, the features of the previous reaction is shown analogous to those of the later. | modification of {mit delta }(1232) in the neutrino nucleus reaction |
sno+ is a neutrinoless double beta decay and low energy neutrino experiment located in sudbury, canada. to improve our understanding of the detector energy resolution and systematics, calibration systems have been developed to continuously monitor the optical properties of the detector, such as: absorption, re-emission, scattering and timing. a part of this in-situ optical calibration system is the embedded led/laser light injection entity (ellie). it consists of three subsystems: amellie, smellie, tellie. the attenuation module (amellie) is designed to monitor the total optical attenuation, whereas the optical scattering over a wavelength range of 375nm -- 700nm will be characterized by the scattering module (smellie). the timing module (tellie) aims to measure the timing characteristics of the photomultiplier tubes. we present the planned commissioning of these three systems, the running of which began early 2017. | commissioning of ellie for sno+ |
we present the results for antineutrino induced quasielastic hyperon production from nucleon and nuclear targets \cite{alam:2014bya,singh:2006xp}. the inputs are the nucleon-hyperon(n--y) transition form factors determined from the analysis of neutrino-nucleon scattering and semileptonic decays of neutron and hyperons using su(3) symmetry. the calculations for the nuclear targets are done in local density approximation. the nuclear medium effects(nme) like fermi motion, pauli blocking and final state interaction(fsi) effects due to hyperon-nucleon scattering have been taken into account. the hyperons giving rise to pions through weak decays also contribute to the weak pion production in addition to the $\delta$ excitation mechanism which dominates in the energy region of $<$ 0.7 gev. we also present the results of longitudinal and perpendicular components of polarization of final hyperon \cite{akbar:2016awk}. these measurements in the future accelerator experiments with antineutrinos may give some information on axial vector and pseudoscalar form factors in the strangeness sector. | weak quasielastic production of hyperons |
in this paper, we calculate the size of a massive neutrino in the following approach. we perform our calculation using its mass, spin, and magnetic moment through the neutrino-electron interaction, $via$ the classical magnetic dipole-dipole interaction. thus, our estimate is obtained by mimicking the low-energy electroweak scattering process $\nu_l$-$l^{\prime}$. this leads to surprisingly accurate result which differs in less than one order of magnitude of more detailed calculations with one-loop corrections based on the neutrino charge radius and the $\nu_l$-$l^{\prime}$ scattering process. the resulting estimates are flavour-blind and gauge independent by construction. we also find that our lower bound is below the reported experimental upper bound on the electron neutrino charged radius. so we obtained a constraining range for the neutrino size. | a classical lower bound on the size of a massive neutrino |
this work focuses on the study of electron and neutrino scattering in the frame work of physics beyond the standard model (sm) called new physics (np). both model independent (mi) and model depen-dent (md) ways are used to constrain np. r-parity violating supersymmetry ( /rp susy) model is used to perform md analysis, where the scattering cross-section is infuenced by new s-bosons. for mi way non-standard neutrino intections (nsi) are used where there is no need of introducing any new particle. lsnd and lampf-e225 data is used to identify the physically allowed and forbidden regions for nonunivarsal nsi parameters and nonunivarsal susy parameters. similarly, charm-ii, bnl-col and bnl-e734 experimental is used to explore allowed and forbidden regions and limits are established. furthermore, we establish a relationship between mi and md coupling parameters. | electron-neutrino scattering a strong aspirant for precision measurements |
the simulation of the neutrino interaction is a crucial step in the simulation chain of a neutrino experiment. the different processes taking part in the neutrino scattering on a nucleus require several approximations in order to make the simulation possible and to realize reasonable computation times. this can be realised in different ways, e.g. by parametrised models for the different scattering processes and energy regimes as it is implemented in genie. the gibuu neutrino generator utilises the boltzmann-uehling-uhlenbeck equation to simulate the particle flow after the neutrino interactions, the so-called final state interactions. the detector-specific results in form of the visible energy in the detector after the light propagation simulation and the km3net event reconstruction are presented. in addition to that, the comparison to the genie based simulation environment in km3net (gseagen) is drawn. | gibuu based neutrino interaction simulations in km3net |
among the most important tasks of neutrino oscillation experiments is correctly estimating the parent neutrino energy from the by-products of their interactions. large uncertainties in our current understanding of such processes can significantly hamper this effort. we explore several recent measurements made using the \mnv{} detector in the few-gev numi muon neutrino beam at fermilab: the differential cross-section vs. $q^2$ for charged-current quasi-elastic scattering, the differential cross-sections vs. pion angle and pion kinetic energy for resonant single charged pion production, and the differential cross-sections vs. pion angle and kinetic energy for coherent pion production. we furthermore discuss their implications for energy reconstruction in oscillation measurements. | implications of recent miner$\\nu$a results for neutrino energy reconstruction |
we present results from the minerνa experiment for neutrino-nucleus scattering in the few-gev energy region. these measurements cover a range of processes that must be modeled correctly in neutrino oscillation experiments, and in which recent results from other experiments have suggested deficiencies in the models currently used. | measuring neutrino-nucleus interactions with minerνa |
we have studied quasielastic charged current hyperon production induced by v¯μ on free nucleon and the nucleons bound inside the nucleus and the results are presented for several nuclear targets like 40ar, 56fe and 208pb. the hyperon-nucleon transition form factors are determined from neutrino-nucleon scattering and semileptonic decays of neutron and hyperons using su(3) symmetry. the nuclear medium effects(nme) due to fermi motion and final state interaction(fsi) effect due to hyperon-nucleon scattering have been taken into account. also we have studied two pion production at threshold induced by neutrinos off nucleon targets. the contribution of nucleon, pion, and contact terms are calculated using lagrangian given by nonlinear σ model. the contribution of the roper resonance has also been taken into account. the numerical results for the cross sections are presented and compared with the experimental results from anl and bnl. | weak quasielastic production of hyperons and threshold production of two pions |
a small component of dark matter (dm) that is strongly interacting with the standard model sector is consistent with various experimental observations. despite the small abundance, strongly-interacting dm can lead to pronounced signals in dm direct detection experiments. we study belle ii sensitivity on strongly-interacting dm that has a mev-gev mass and couples with electrons. by taking into account the substantial interactions between dm and electrons within detectors, we compute the ceiling of the mono-photon signature at belle ii, beyond which the mono-photon channel loses its sensitivity, and visible ecl clusters due to dm scatterings assume significance. we study two ecl signatures for strongly-interacting dm: the mono-cluster and the di-cluster channels. to carry out detailed calculations and to compare with other constraints, we consider dm models with light mediators, as they naturally lead to sizable interaction cross sections. we compute exclusion regions for the di-cluster, mono-cluster, and mono-photon channels. we find that belle ii (with currently accumulated data of 362 fb$^{-1}$) can rule out a significant portion of the parameter space above the ceilings of the constraints from various dm direct detection and neutrino experiments, for the vector mediator case with mass $\gtrsim$10 mev. belle ii also offers superior constraints on new light particles compared to pbh for the scalar mediator with mass $\gtrsim$10 mev. | search for strongly interacting dark matter at belle ii |
we discuss the electron and muon neutrino and antineutrino charged current quasielastic double differential cross sections on carbon by projecting them in the transferred momentum-energy plane. this visually allows to easily understand the surprising dominance of the muon neutrino and antineutrino cross sections over the electron ones in particular kinematical conditions. | phase space of electron- and muon-neutrino and antineutrino scattering off nuclei |
a brief review of the results for the total cross section \sigma^{\nu n} of ultrahigh-energy neutrino deep inelastic scattering on isoscalar nuclear targets is presented. these results are based on simple approximations for \sigma^{\nu n} and are compared with the experimental data of the icecube collaboration. the total cross section \sigma^{\nu n} is proportional to the structure function f_2^{\nu n}(m_v^2/s,m_v^2), where m_v is the intermediate boson mass and s is square of the energy of the center of mass. the coefficient in the front of f_2^{\nu n}(m_v^2/s,m_v^2) depends on the asymptotic behavior of f_2^{\nu n} at low values of x. it contains an additional term \sim \ln{s} if f_2^{\nu n} is scaled by the power \ln(1/x). therefore, the asymptotic behavior of f_2^{\nu n}\propto\ln^2(1/x) for small x often assumed in the literature already leads to violation of the froissart bound for \sigma^{\nu n}. | on ultrahigh-energy neutrino-nucleon deep-inelastic scattering and the froissart bound |
high-precision measurements in neutrino oscillation experiments require a very accurate description of the lepton-nucleus scattering process. several cross-section calculations are available, but important discrepancies are still present between different model predictions. for the quasi-elastic channel, dominated by one particle-one hole excitations, an overview over several nuclear models - specifically relativistic fermi gas, superscaling approach, spectral function, hartree-fock and random phase approximation - is presented and compared with data for electron-nucleus scattering, a very important process for testing theoretical models validity, highlighting the specific features of each approach. furthermore an ongoing microscopic calculation of the two particle-two hole excitations contribution to the electromagnetic response is presented, and some preliminary results are shown. | nuclear models for inclusive lepton-nucleus scattering in the quasi-elastic region and beyond |
understanding the transitions of nucleons into various resonance structures through electromagnetic interactions plays a pivotal role in advancing our comprehension of the strong interactions within the domain of quark confinement. furthermore, gaining precise insights into the elastic and resonance structures of nucleons is indispensable for deciphering the physics from neutrino-nucleus scattering cross sections experimental data, which remain theoretically challenging, even in the context of neutrino-nucleon interactions whose profound understanding is imperative for the neutrino oscillation experiments. one promising avenue involves the direct evaluation of the lepton-nucleon scattering cross sections across quasi-elastic, resonance, shallow-inelastic, and deep inelastic regions, which can be achieved through the hadronic tensor formalism in lattice qcd. in this work, we present the determination of the nucleon's sachs electric form factor using the hadronic tensor formalism and verify that it is consistent with that from the conventional three-point function calculation. we additionally obtain the transition form factor from the nucleon to its first radial excited state within a finite volume. consequently, we identify the latter with the nucleon-to-roper transition form factor $g_e^*(q^2)$, determine the corresponding longitudinal helicity amplitude $s_{1/2}(q^2)$ and compare our findings with experimental measurements, for the first time using the hadronic tensor formalism. the limitations and systematic improvements of the approach are also discussed. | elastic and resonance structures of the nucleon from hadronic tensor in lattice qcd: implications for neutrino-nucleon scattering and hadron physics |
dark matter direct detection experiments impose the strong bounds on thermal dark matter scenarios. the bound can naturally be evaded if the cross section is momentum transfer dependent or velocity dependent. one can test such thermal dark matter scenarios if dark matter particles are boosted by some mechanism. in this work, we consider a specific semi-annihilation $\chi\chi\to \nu\overline{\chi}$ where $\chi$ ($\overline{\chi}$) is dark matter (anti-dark matter), and search for simultaneous detection of the neutrino and the boosted dark matter in the final state at dune. we find that the energies of the neutrino and boosted dark matter are reconstructed well due to the precise angular resolution of the dune detector. in addition, we find that both signals can be testable at dune if the dark matter mass is below 30 gev, and the scattering cross section is momentum transfer dependent. | simultaneous detection of boosted dark matter and neutrinos from the semi-annihilation at dune |
the search for sub-gev dark matter via scattering on electrons has ramped up in the last few years. like in the case of dark matter scattering on nuclei, electron-recoil-based searches also face an ultimate background in the form of neutrinos. the so-called ``neutrino fog'' refers to the range of open dark-matter parameter space where the background of neutrinos can potentially prevent a conclusive discovery claim of a dark matter signal from being made. in this study, we map the neutrino fog for a range of electron recoil experiments based on silicon, germanium, xenon and argon targets. in analogy to the nuclear recoil case, we also calculate the ''edge'' to the neutrino fog, which can be used as a visual guide to where neutrinos become an important background -- this boundary excludes some parts of the key theory milestones used to motivate these experiments. | the neutrino fog for dark matter-electron scattering experiments |
the short-baseline neutrino program in fermilab aims to resolve the nature of the low-energy excess events observed in lsnd and miniboone, and analyze with unprecedented precision neutrino interactions with argon. these studies require reliable estimate of neutrino cross sections, in particular for charged current quasielastic scattering (ccqe). here, we report updates of the nuwro monte carlo generator that, most notably, bring the state-of-the-art spectral functions to model the ground state properties of the argon nucleus, and improve the accuracy of the cross sections at low energies by accounting for the effects of the nuclear coulomb potential. we discuss these developments in the context of electron and neutrino interactions, by comparing updated nuwro predictions to experimental data from jefferson laboratory hall a and microboone. the microboone ccqe data are described with the $\chi^2$ per degree of freedom of 0.7, compared with 1.0 in the local fermi gas model. the largest improvement is observed for the angular distributions of the produced protons, where the $\chi^2$ reduces nearly by half. being obtained using the axial form factor parametrization from minerva, our results indicate a~consistency between the ccqe measurements in minerva and microboone. | jlab spectral functions of argon in nuwro and their implications for microboone |
we present the first continuous operation in a surface lab of bullkid, a detector for searches of light dark matter and precision measurements of the coherent and elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering. the detector consists of an array of 60 cubic silicon particle absorbers of 0.34 g each, sensed by cryogenic kinetic inductance detectors. the data presented focusses on one of the central elements of the array and on its surrounding elements used as veto. the energy spectrum resulting from an exposure of 39 hours to ambient backgrounds, obtained without radiation shields, is flat at the level of $(2.0\pm0.1\,{\rm stat.}\pm0.2\,{\rm syst.})\times10^6$ counts / kev kg days down to the energy threshold of $160\pm13$ ev. the data analysis demonstrates the unique capability of rejecting backgrounds generated from interactions in other sites of the array, stemming from the segmented and monolithic structure of the detector. | low-energy spectrum of the bullkid detector array operated on surface |
the nature of dark matter remains one of the most important unresolved questions of fundamental physics. many models, including the weakly interacting massive particles (wimps), assume dark matter to be a particle and predict a weak coupling with standard model matter. if dark matter particles can scatter off nuclei in the vicinity of a massive object, such as a star or a planet, they may lose kinetic energy and become gravitationally trapped in the center of such objects, including earth. as dark matter accumulates in the center of the earth, self-annihilation of wimps into standard model particles can result in an excess of neutrinos coming from the center of the earth and detectable at the icecube neutrino observatory, situated at the geographic south pole. a search for excess neutrinos from these annihilations has been performed on 10 years of icecube data, and results have been interpreted in the context of a number of wimp annihilation channels ($\chi\chi\rightarrow\tau^+\tau^-/w^+w^-/b\bar{b}$) and masses ranging from 10 gev to 10 tev. we present the results from this analysis and compare the outcome with previous searches by other experiments. this analysis yields competitive and world-leading results for masses $m_\chi$ > 100 gev. | search for dark matter annihilations in the center of the earth with icecube |
motivated by the stunning projections for future cmb surveys, we evaluate the amount of dark radiation produced in the early universe by two-body decays or binary scatterings with thermal bath particles via a rigorous analysis in momentum space. we track the evolution of the dark radiation phase space distribution, and we use the asymptotic solution to evaluate the amount of additional relativistic energy density parameterized in terms of an effective number of additional neutrino species $\delta n_{\rm eff}$. our approach allows for studying light particles that never reach equilibrium across cosmic history, and to scrutinize the physics of the decoupling when they thermalize instead. we incorporate quantum statistical effects for all the particles involved in the production processes, and we account for the energy exchanged between the visible and invisible sectors. non-instantaneous decoupling is responsible for spectral distortions in the final distributions, and we quantify how they translate into the corresponding value for $\delta n_{\rm eff}$. finally, we undertake a comprehensive comparison between our exact results and approximated methods commonly employed in the existing literature. remarkably, we find that the difference can be larger than the experimental sensitivity of future observations, justifying the need for a rigorous analysis in momentum space. | dark radiation from the primordial thermal bath in momentum space |
the recent observation of coherent elastic neutrino nucleus scattering (ce{\nu}ns) with neutrinos from pion decay at rest ({\pi}-dar) sources by the coherent collaboration has raised interest in this process in the search for new physics. unfortunately, current uncertainties in the determination of nuclear parameters relevant to those processes can hide new physics effects. this is not the case for processes involving lower-energy neutrino sources such as nuclear reactors. note, however, that a ce{\nu}ns measurement with reactor neutrinos depends largely on the determination of the quenching factor, making its observation more challenging. in the upcoming years, once this signal is confirmed, a combined analysis of {\pi}-dar and reactor ce{\nu}ns experiments will be very useful to probe particle and nuclear physics, with a reduced dependence on the nuclear uncertainties. in this work, we explore this idea by simultaneously testing the sensitivity of current and future ce{\nu}ns experiments to neutrino non-standard interactions (nsi) and the neutron root mean square (rms) radius, considering different neutrino sources as well as several detection materials. we show how the interplay between future reactor and accelerator ce{\nu}ns experiments can help to get robust constraints on the neutron rms, and to break degeneracies between the nsi parameters. our forecast could be used as a guide to optimize the experimental sensitivity to the parameters under study. | probing nuclear properties and neutrino physics with current and future ce{\\nu}ns experiments |
neutrino-atom scattering provides a sensitive tool for probing nonstandard interactions of massive neutrinos in laboratory measurements. the ionization channel of this collision process plays an important role in experiments searching for neutrino magnetic moments. we discuss some theoretical aspects of atomic ionization by massive neutrinos. we also outline possible manifestations of neutrino electromagnetic properties in coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering. | neutrino-atom collisions |
we investigate the sensitivity of a large underground liquid argon time projection chamber (lartpc)-based neutrino detector to dark matter in the galactic center annihilating into neutrinos. such a detector could have the ability to resolve the direction of the electron in a neutrino scattering event and thus to infer information about the source direction for individual neutrino events. we consider the improvements on the expected experimental sensitivity that this directional information would provide. even without directional information, we find a dune-like lartpc detector is capable of setting limits on dark matter annihilation to neutrinos for dark matter masses above 30 mev that are competitive with or exceed current experimental reach. while currently-demonstrated angular resolution for low-energy electrons is insufficient to allow any significant increase in sensitivity, these techniques could benefit from improvements to algorithms and the additional spatial information provided by novel 3d charge imaging approaches. we consider the impact of such enhancements to the resolution for electron directionality and find that, where electron-scattering events can be distinguished from charged-current neutrino interactions, limits on dark matter annihilation in the mass range where solar neutrino backgrounds dominate (≲15 mev ) can be significantly improved using directional information, and would be competitive with existing limits using 40 kton ×year of exposure. | directional neutrino searches for galactic center dark matter at large underground lartpcs |
there is a global trend to increase the light yield of csi scintillators used in neutrino and dark matter detection by operating undoped crystals at cryogenic temperatures. however, high light yield alone is not sufficient to guarantee a low-energy threshold. the response of undoped crystals to nuclear recoils at cryogenic temperatures is equally important. a liquid nitrogen-based cryostat was developed to measure the nuclear quenching factor of a small undoped csi crystal using monoenergetic neutron beams at the triangle universities nuclear laboratory (tunl). to avoid neutron scattering in high-$z$ materials, these materials were intentionally reduced around the crystal. the structure and performance of the cryostat are described in detail. using this cryostat, a light yield of $33.4 \pm 1.7$ photoelectrons per kev electron-equivalent (pe/kev$_\text{ee}$) was observed at 5.9 kev$_\text{ee}$, enabling the measurement of nuclear quenching factors at very low energies. the results of the quenching factor measurement will be reported in a subsequent paper. non-negligible negative overshoot was observed in the tails of the observed light pulses. the origin of this issue and the correction procedure are described in detail. this information may be useful for others who encounter similar technical challenges. | performance of a liquid nitrogen cryostat setup for the study of nuclear recoils in undoped csi crystals |
we investigate the effect of one loop quantum corrections on the elastic scattering of dark matter off the nucleon in a fermionic dark matter model. the model introduces two new singlet fermions and a singlet scalar. the fermions communicate with the sm particles through a higgs portal. it is found that some viable regions in the parameter space respecting the bounds from the observed relic density, the higgs invisible decay width, and direct detection experiment, will be shrunk significantly when one loop effects are taken into account. the regions already resided below the neutrino floor, partly may come into regions which are testable by the current or future direct detection experiments. in addition, some regions being viable at tree level, may be excluded when quantum corrections are included. | loop enhancement of direct detection cross section in a fermionic dark matter model |
we build a relativistic model to perform calculations of exclusive, semiexclusive, and inclusive unpolarized cross sections and various polarization observables in electron and neutrino scattering experiments with deuteron targets. the strong interaction dynamics is defined by an explicit dynamical unitary representation of the poincaré group, where representations of space translations and rotations in the interacting and noninteracting representations are the same. the argonne v18 potential is used to construct a relativistic nucleon-nucleon interaction reproducing the experimental deuteron binding energy and nucleon-nucleon scattering observables. our formalism does not include the pion production channel and neglects two-body contributions in the electromagnetic as well as in the weak nuclear current operator. we show that it is applicable to processes at kinematics, where the internal two-nucleon energy remains below the pion production threshold but the magnitude of the three-momentum transfer extends at least to several gev. | electron and neutrino scattering off the deuteron in a relativistic framework |
detection of low-energy nuclear recoil events plays a central role in searches for particle dark matter interactions with atomic matter and studies of coherent neutrino scatters. precise nuclear recoil calibration data allow the responses of these dark matter and neutrino detectors to be characterized and enable in situ evaluation of an experiment's sensitivity to anticipated signals. this article reviews the common methods for detection of nuclear recoil events and the wide variety of techniques that have been developed to calibrate detector response to nuclear recoils. we summarize the main experimental factors that are critical for accurate nuclear recoil calibrations, investigate mitigation strategies for different backgrounds and biases, and discuss how the presentation of calibration results can facilitate comparison between experiments. lastly, we discuss the challenges for future nuclear recoil calibration efforts and the physics opportunities they may enable. | detection and calibration of low-energy nuclear recoils for dark matter and neutrino scattering experiments |
a revolution in elementary particle physics occurred during the period from the ichep1968 to the ichep1982 with the advent of the parton model from discoveries in deeply inelastic electron-proton scattering at slac, neutrino experiments, hard-scattering observed in p+p collisions at the cern isr, the development of qcd, the discovery of the j/ ψ at bnl and slac and the clear observation of high transverse momentum jets at the cern sps p¯ + p collider. these and other discoveries in this period led to the acceptance of qcd as the theory of the strong interactions. the desire to understand nuclear physics at high density such as in neutron stars led to the application of qcd to this problem and to the prediction of a quark-gluon plasma (qgp) in nuclei at high energy density and temperatures. this eventually led to the construction of the relativistic heavy ion collider (rhic) at bnl to observe superdense nuclear matter in the laboratory. this article discusses how experimental methods and results which confirmed qcd at the first hadron collider, the cern isr, played an important role in experiments at the first heavy ion collider, rhic, leading to the discovery of the qgp as a perfect liquid as well as discoveries at rhic and the lhc which continue to the present day. | how hadron collider experiments contributed to the development of qcd: from hard-scattering to the perfect liquid |
a brief overview of the electromagnetic properties of neutrinos is presented with a discussion of the most important fundamental aspects of the problem. then using data from the ground-based reactor and solar neutrino-electron scattering experiments the best upper bounds on neutrino effective magnetic moments are discussed. | electromagnetic neutrinos: the theory and bounds from scattering experiments |
neutrino-nucleus quasielastic scattering is studied in the plane wave impulse approximation for three nuclear models: the relativistic fermi gas (rfg), the independent-particle shell model (ipsm) and the natural orbitals (no) model with lorentzian dependence of the excitation energy. a complete study of the kinematics of the semi-inclusive process and the associated cross sections are presented and discussed for 40 ar and 12 c. inclusive cross sections are also obtained by integrating the semi-inclusive expressions over the outgoing hadron. results are consistent with previous studies restricted to the inclusive channel. in particular, a comparison with the analytical results for the rfg model is performed. explicit expressions for the hadronic tensor and the 10 semi-inclusive nuclear responses are given. theoretical predictions are compared with semi-inclusive experimental data from t2k experiment. | semi-inclusive charged-current neutrino-nucleus cross sections in the relativistic plane wave impulse approximation |
ship is a new general purpose fixed target facility, whose technical proposal has been recently reviewed by the cern sps committee and by the cern research board. the two boards recommended that the experiment proceeds further to a comprehensive design phase. a 400 gev proton beam extracted from the sps will be dumped on a heavy target with the aim of integrating $2\times 10^{20}$ proton-target collisions (\textit{pot}) in 5 years. a dedicated detector, based on a long vacuum tank followed by a spectrometer and particle identification detectors, will allow to probe a variety of new physics models with light long-lived exotic particles and masses below $\mathcal{o}(10)$~gev/$c^2$, including dark photons, light scalars and pseudo-scalars, and heavy neutrinos. the sensitivity to heavy neutrinos will allow for the first time to probe, in the mass range between the $k$ and the $d$ meson mass, a coupling range for which baryogenesis and neutrino oscillations could also be explained. another dedicated detector will allow the study of neutrino cross-sections and angular distributions. $\nu_\tau$ deep inelastic scattering cross sections will be measured with a statistics 1000 times larger than currently available, with the extraction of the so far never measured $f_4$ and $f_5$ structure functions, and allow to perform charm physics studies with significantly improved accuracy. | ship: a new facility to search for long lived neutral particles and investigate the $\\nu_\\tau$ properties |
recent neutrino oscillation results have shown that the existing long baseline experiments have some sensitivity to the effects of cp violation in the neutrino sector. this sensitivity is currently statistically limited, but the next generation of experiments, dune and hyper-k, will provide an order of magnitude more events. to reach the full potential of these datasets we must achieve a commensurate improvement in our understanding of the systematic uncertainties that beset them. this talk describes two proposed intermediate detectors for the current and future long baseline oscillation experiments in japan, titus and nuprism. these detectors are discussed in the context of the current t2k oscillation analysis, highlighting the ways in which they could reduce the systematic uncertainty on this measurement. the talk also describes the short baseline oscillation sensitivity of nuprism along with the neutrino scattering measurements the detector makes possible. | an intermediate water cherenkov detector at j-parc |
increasing the distance from which an antineutrino detector is capable of monitoring the operation of a registered reactor, or discovering a clandestine reactor, strengthens the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons treaty. this report presents calculations of reactor antineutrino interactions, from quasi-elastic neutrino-proton scattering and elastic neutrino-electron scattering, in a water-based detector operated >10 km from a commercial power reactor. it separately calculates signal from the proximal reactor and background from all other registered reactors. the main results are interaction rates and kinetic energy distributions of charged leptons scattered from quasi-elastic and elastic processes. comparing signal and background distributions evaluates reactor monitoring capability. scaling the results to detectors of different sizes, target media, and standoff distances is straightforward. calculations are for two examples of a commercial reactor (p_th~3 gw) operating nearby (l~20 km) an underground facility capable of hosting a detector (~1 kt h2o) project. these reactor-site combinations are perry-morton on the southern shore of lake erie in the u.s. and hartlepool-boulby on the western shore of the north sea in u.k.. the signal from the proximal reactor is about five times greater at the morton site than at the boulby site due to shorter reactor-site separation distance, larger reactor thermal power, and greater neutrino oscillation survival probability. in terms of absolute interaction rate, background from all other reactors is larger at morton than at boulby. however, the fraction of the total rate is smaller at morton than at boulby. moreover, the hartlepool power plant has two cores whereas the perry plant has a single core. the boulby site, therefore, offers an opportunity for demonstrating remote reactor monitoring under more stringent conditions than does the morton site. | reactor antineutrino signals at morton and boulby |
the theoretical framework of the neutrino electron excitation at low energies including the screening effect in semiconductor detectors is developed for the first time, both in the standard model of particle physics and in the presence of the neutrino magnetic moment. we apply the framework of the non-relativistic effective theory on the neutrino electron scattering and explore the contribution of the screening effect of semiconductors to the neutrino electron excitation based on the linear response theory. we calculate the corresponding numerical results with the popular silicon and germanium targets and show that excitation rates from the neutrino magnetic moment are dramatically enhanced by the screening effect and the sensitivity can be significantly improved to the level of 10−13μb, much better than the current best limits from the laboratory and astrophysical probes. | enhancement of the screening effect in semiconductor detectors in the presence of the neutrino magnetic moment |
currently running and forthcoming precision neutrino oscillation experiments aim to unambiguously determine the neutrino mass ordering, the charge-parity violating phase in the lepton sector and the possible existence of physics beyond the standard model. to have an understanding of all the effects necessary for the success of these experiments, lepton-nucleus interactions must be modeled in unprecedented detail. with this thesis, expertise in both neutrino and electron cross-section modeling and analysis was leveraged in order to make fundamental and critical improvements to our understanding of these interactions. the outlined work takes a significant step towards this high-precision measurement era with three complementary approaches. cross sections are reported using neutrino data sets from the microboone liquid argon time projection chamber detector at fermi national laboratory, as well as electron scattering data from the clas detector at thomas jefferson national laboratory. furthermore, the modeling development of the commonly used genie event generator is presented. | lepton-nucleus scattering measurements for neutrino interactions and oscillations |
in the evaluation of the half-life of the neutrinoless double-β decay (0 ν β β ) of a doubly closed-subshell nucleus 96zr, the structure of the nucleus 96mo is essentially important. the α -clustering aspects of 96mo are investigated for the first time. by studying the nuclear rainbows in α scattering from 92zr at high energies and the characteristic structure of the excitation functions at the extreme backward angle at the low-energy region, the interaction potential between the α particle and the 92zr nucleus is determined well in the double folding model. the validity of the double folding model was reinforced by studying α scattering from neighboring nuclei 90zr, 91zr, and 94zr. the double-folding-model calculations reproduced well all the observed angular distributions over a wide range of incident energies and the characteristic excitation functions. by using the obtained potential the α +92zr cluster structure of 96mo is investigated in the spirit of a unified description of scattering and structure. the existence of the second-higher nodal band states with the α +92zr cluster structure, in which two more nodes are excited in the relative motion compared with the ground band, is demonstrated. the calculation reproduces well the ground-band states of 96mo in agreement with experiment. the experimental b (e 2 ) value of the transition in the ground band is also reproduced well. the effect of α clustering in 96mo on the the half-life of the 0 ν β β double-β decay of 96zr is discussed. | α +92zr cluster structure in 96mo |
we present a conceptual design of a high-performance camera system with applications to neutrino detectors, deep sea exploration, and glaciology. the design combines ultra-sensitive cameras with a number of well-calibrated light sources enclosed in a pressure vessel. the instrument will be capable of withstanding extreme environments such as those encountered in antarctica or the deep ocean, and be deployable as a standalone system that can be retrieved for deep-sea exploration or glaciology. the camera system is designed to be replicated and deployed in multiple detectors, requiring only modest modifications from one detector to another. the instrument combines a number of capabilities essential for neutrino detector calibrations, including characterization of the scattering and absorption properties of the optical medium, measurement of geometries via photogrammetry, and detector surveillance. the ability to deploy the instrument at different detector sites also offers opportunities for cross-calibration efforts. we present the conceptual design of the instrument and describe plans to produce a prototype. | disco: an optical instrument to calibrate neutrino detection in complex media |
we propose neutrino mass spectroscopy using er$^{3+}$:cs$_2$nayf$_6$ or :y$_2$o$_3$ crystal placed in hollow of a bragg fiber as a target system. unknown neutrino parameters and properties such as the lightest neutrino mass, majorana/dirac distinction, and cp violating phases can be explored by measuring scattered photons ($\gamma$) along the excitation (and fiber) axis by varying raman trigger ($\gamma_0$) directions, in er$^{3+}$ de-excitation process from $|e\rangle $ state to $|g\rangle $ state; $|e\rangle \,, | e\rangle + \gamma_0 \rightarrow | g\rangle + \gamma + \nu_i\bar{\nu}_j$, $\nu_i\,, i = 1, 2,3$ being a mass-resolved neutrino state. rates and required level of qed background rejection are calculated using measured data of the target system. | neutrino mass spectroscopy using er$^{3+}$ ions placed at inversion center of host crystals |
the largest solar flares have been recorded in gamma flash and hard spectra up to tens gev energy. the present building and upgrade of hyper-kamiokande (hk) in japan and korea, (as well as deep core, pingu) megatons neutrino detectors do offer a novel way to detectable traces of solar flares: their sudden anti-neutrino (or neutrino) imprint made by proton scattering and pion decays via delta resonance production on solar corona foot-point. these signals might be observable at largest flare by hk via soft spectra up to tens-hundred mev energy and by icecube-pingu at higher, gevs energies. we show the expected rate of signals for the most powerful solar flare occurred in recent decades extrapolated for future megaton detectors. the neutrino solar flare detection with its prompt alarm system may alert astronauts on space journey allowing them to protect themselves into inner rocket containers surrounded by fuel or water supply. these container walls are able to defend astronauts from the main lethal (the dominant soft component) radiation wind due to such largest solar flares. | solar neutrino flare, megaton neutrino detectors and human space journey |
one of the substantial sources of systematic errors in neutrino oscillation experiments that utilize neutrinos from accelerator sources stems from a lack of precision in modeling single-pion production (spp). oscillation analyses rely on monte carlo event generators (mc), providing theoretical predictions of neutrino interactions on nuclear targets. pions produced in these processes provide a significant fraction of oscillation signal and background on both elementary scattering and detector simulation levels. thus, it is of critical importance to develop techniques that will allow us to accommodate state-of-the-art theoretical models describing spp into mcs. in this work, we investigate various algorithms to implement single-pion production models in monte carlo event generators. based on comparison studies, we propose a novel implementation strategy that combines satisfactory efficiency with high precision in reproducing details of theoretical models predictions, including pion angular distributions. the proposed implementation is model-independent, thereby providing a framework that can include any model for spp. we have tested the new algorithm with the ghent low energy model for single-pion production implemented in the nuwro monte carlo event generator. | angular distributions in monte carlo event generation of weak single-pion production |
ship (search for hidden particles) is a proposed experiment to be installed at cern, with the aim of exploring the high intensity beam frontier to investigate the so-called hidden sector. since the sps proton beam interacting with the ship high density target is expected to produce a large neutrino flux, the experiment will also study neutrino physics with unprecedented statistics. a dedicated scattering and neutrino detector (snd) is thus being designed. it consists of a nuclear emulsion target and a tracking fibres detector in magnetic field followed by a muon identification system. the muon system is composed of iron filters interleaved with tracking planes, instrumented with resistive plate chambers (rpcs) operated in avalanche mode. each plane consists of three gaps read out by two panels of perpendicular strips. the rpc read-out electronics is being developed. it is based on the use of front-end field programmable gate arrays (fpgas) connected to a concentration system, transmitting data serially at high speed via optical link to the data acquisition and control system. a small-scale prototype of the ship muon identification system, with five rpc planes consisting of one large gap each, has been produced and exposed at cern h4 facility in a test beam. | rpcs and readout system for the neutrino detector of the ship experiment |
spacelike and timelike generalized parton distributions (gpds) have been investigated in charged-lepton scattering and electron-positron collisions via deeply virtual compton scattering and two-photon processes, respectively. furthermore, we expect that hadron-accelerator-facility measurements will be performed in future. the gpds will play a crucial role in clarifying the origins of hadron spins and masses in terms of quarks and gluons. it is also possible to probe internal pressure within hadrons for understanding their stability. gravitational form factors of hadrons used to be considered as a purely academic subject because gravitational interactions are too weak to be measured in microscopic systems. however, due to the development of hadron-tomography field, it became possible to extract the gravitational form factors from the actual gpd measurements without relying on direct gravitational interactions. neutrino reactions can also be used for gpd studies in future, for example, by using the long-baseline neutrino facility at fermilab. the neutrino gpd measurements are valuable especially for finding the flavor dependence of the gpds in a complementary way to the charged-lepton experiments. we give an overview of the gpds and discuss possible neutrino gpd measurements using the single-pion production processes $\nu + n \to \ell^- + n' + \pi$ and $\bar\nu + n \to \ell^+ + n' + \pi$. | possible studies on generalized parton distributions and gravitational form factors in neutrino reactions |
the achievement of the goals of the ongoing and future accelerator-based neutrino experiments - notably the determination of cp violating phase in the lepton sector - will require the development of advanced models of neutrino-nucleus interactions. in this review, we summarise the present status of experimental studies of neutrino-nucleus scattering, and discuss the developments and perspectives of the theoretical approach based on factorisation of the nuclear cross section, which has recently emerged as a promising framework for the description of the variety of processes contributing to the detected signals. | towards a unified model of neutrino-nucleus interactions |
we describe two recent developments of the radiative correction theory in semileptonic beta decays. for neutron, a novel dispersive analysis of the $\gamma w$-box diagram making use of neutrino scattering data leads to an improved precision and a shifted central value of $v_{ud}$; for kaon, an appropriate combination of meson form factors, lattice qcd inputs and chiral perturbation theory gives a much-improved determination of the radiative corrections in semileptonic kaon decays. these new calculations help to unveil/sharpen a series of anomalies in the measurements of $v_{ud}$ and $v_{us}$ that may point towards the existence of new physics. | new calculations of neutron and kaon decays |
understanding the pion generation and the consequences of final-state interactions (fsi) are critical for the data processing in all neutrino experiments. the energy utilized in modern neutrino research of the resonance (res) generation processes contributes significantly to the pion production. if a pion is absorbed in the nuclear matter after its production, the event may become unrecognizable from a quasielastic (qe) scattering process and act as a background. for oscillation experiments, estimating this background is critical, and it necessitates solid theoretical models for both pion generation at the primary vertex and after fsi. the number of pions created after fsi differs greatly from the number produced at the primary vertex due to fsi. because neutrino detectors can only detect final-state particles, fsi obscures the proper information about particles created at the primary vertex. a detailed study of fsi is required to overcome this problem, which theoretical models incorporated in monte carlo (mc) neutrino event generators can provide. they should give theoretical results concerning the neutrino interactions for various researches, acting as a connection among both theoretical models and experimental data. in this paper, we provide simulated events for the pion creation in {\nu} {\mu} charge current (cc) interactions on a 40 ar target in the deep underground neutrino experiment (dune) setup for two distinct mc generators: genie and nuwro. in comparison to genie (v-3.00.06), nuwro (v-19.02.2) is more opaque (less responsive) to the charge exchange and absorption processes; pions are more likely to be absorbed than produced during the intranuclear transport. | pion production in {\\nu} {\\mu} charged current interactions on {^{40}}ar in deep underground neutrino experiment |
we report a measurement of the strange axial coupling constant $g_a^s$ using atmospheric neutrino data at kamland. this constant is a component of the axial form factor of the neutral-current quasielastic (ncqe) interaction. the value of $g_a^s$ significantly changes the ratio of proton and neutron ncqe cross sections. kamland is suitable for measuring ncqe interactions as it can detect nucleon recoils with low-energy thresholds and measure neutron multiplicity with high efficiency. kamland data, including the information on neutron multiplicity associated with the ncqe interactions, makes it possible to measure $g_a^s$ with a suppressed dependence on the axial mass $m_a$, which has not yet been determined. for a comprehensive prediction of the neutron emission associated with neutrino interactions, we establish a simulation of particle emission via nuclear deexcitation of $^{12}$c, a process not considered in existing neutrino monte carlo event generators. energy spectrum fitting for each neutron multiplicity gives $g_a^s =-0.14^{+0.25}_{-0.26}$, which is the most stringent limit obtained using ncqe interactions without $m_a$ constraints. the two-body current contribution considered in this analysis relies on a theoretically effective model and electron scattering experiments and requires future verification by direct measurements and future model improvement. | first measurement of the strange axial coupling constant using neutral-current quasielastic interactions of atmospheric neutrinos at kamland |
neutrino scattering on a target at low-energy transfer is one of the basic tools for searching for neutrino electromagnetic properties. we consider the effects of the neutrino millicharge and magnetic moment on the atomic recoil spectrum in elastic neutrino-atom scattering. the results of our calculations of differential cross sections for elastic collisions of tritium neutrinos with the h, 2h, 3he, and 4he atomic targets show that the corresponding experiments can achieve sensitivity to the indicated neutrino electromagnetic characteristics by orders of magnitude better than the available measurements of elastic neutrino-electron and neutrino-nucleus collisions. | elastic neutrino-atom scattering as a probe of neutrino millicharge and magnetic moment |
the search for neutrino events in correlation with 42 most intense fast radio bursts (frbs) has been performed using the borexino dataset from 05/2007 to 06/2021. we have searched for signals with visible energies above 250 kev within a time window of ±1000 s corresponding to detection time of a particular frb. we also applied an alternative approach based on searching for specific shapes of neutrino-electron scattering spectra in the full exposure data of the borexino detector. in particular, two incoming neutrino spectra were considered: the monoenergetic line and the spectrum expected from supernovae. the same spectra were considered for electron antineutrinos detected through inverse beta-decay reaction. no statistically significant excess over the background was observed. as a result, the strongest upper limits on frb-associated neutrino fluences of all flavors have been obtained in the 0.5-50 mev neutrino energy range. | search for low-energy signals from fast radio bursts with the borexino detector |
we discuss the phenomenology of a minimal model for gev-scale majorana dark matter (dm) coupled to the standard model lepton sector via a charged scalar singlet. the theoretical framework extends the standard model by two $su(2)_l$ singlets: one charged higgs boson and a singlet right-handed fermion. the latter plays the role of the dm candidate. we show that there is an anti-correlation between the spin-independent dm-nucleus scattering cross-section ($\sigma_{\rm si}$) and the dm relic density. we suggest a scenario that can be tested in both electron-electron and electron-positron collisions using the production of same-sign charged higgs pairs and mono-higgs in association with right-handed neutrinos. | phenomenology of minimal leptophilic dark matter models at linear colliders |
the nature of dark matter (dm) remains one of the most important unresolved questions of fundamental physics. many models, including weakly interacting massive particles (wimps), assume dm to be a particle and predict a weak coupling with standard model matter. if dm particles can scatter off nuclei in the vicinity of a massive object such as a star or a planet, they may lose kinetic energy and become gravitationally trapped in the center of such objects, including earth. as dm accumulates in the center of the earth, self-annihilation of wimps into standard model particles can result in an excess of neutrinos which are detectable at the icecube neutrino observatory, situated at the geographic south pole. a search for excess neutrinos from these annihilations has been performed using 8 years of icecube data, and results have been interpreted in the context of a number of wimp annihilation channels ($\chi\chi\rightarrow\tau^+\tau^-$/$w^+w^-$/$b\bar{b}$) and masses ranging from 10 gev to 10 tev. we present the latest results from this analysis and compare the outcome with previous analyses by icecube and other experiments, showing competitive results, which are even world-leading in some parts of the parameter space. | search for dark matter from the center of the earth with 8 years of icecube data |
the existence of beyond standard model (bsm) physics is firmly suggested by both experimental observations (dark matter, neutrino masses) and theoretical arguments. in the hypothesis that the scale of new physics is considerably higher than the energies probed at colliders, we can parametrise modified interactions induced by bsm effects among sm particles in a model-independent framework, the standard model effective field theory (smeft). searches for indirect evidence of new physics are conceptually different from the direct ones that have characterised the first part of the lhc program, and both experimental and phenomenological studies are needed in order to maximise the chances of uncovering a bsm signal. in this thesis, several phenomenological aspects of the smeft are discussed, both at present and future colliders. a characteristic feature of modified interactions is that they can induce unitarity violating effects which can be exploited to gain sensitivity. in this direction, a thorough study of the top quark electroweak sector will be presented, focusing on 2 to 2 scatterings and their embeddings in physical processes at colliders. this analysis allows us to identify several final states that have a good potential to explore the smeft parameter space and that could be particularly relevant in a global analysis. one of the key features of the smeft is indeed that deviations from the sm interactions are correlated and global interpretations are therefore of fundamental importance. a combined interpretation of the higgs, top and diboson data from the lhc is here presented and the interplay between the various datasets discussed. finally, the physics potential of a futuristic muon collider will be analysed, focusing in particular on the prospects to determine the higgs self-interactions, a task that is arduous even in proposed 100 tev proton colliders. | searches for new interactions within the smeft framework at present and future colliders |
within the impulse approximation, the modeling of the energy of final state leptons in electron and neutrino quasielastic and pion production processes on nuclear targets in the region of the $\delta$ resonance depends on several parameters. these parameters include the removal energy of the initial state nucleon from the nucleus $\epsilon^{p,n}$, the potentials of electrons, nucleons and pions in the coulomb field of the nucleus $|v_{eff}|$, and the kinetic energy dependent nuclear potential for final state nucleons ($u^{qe}_{opt}$) and "nucleon plus pion" final states in the region of the $\delta$ resonance which we refer to as $u^{\delta}_{opt}$. we extract these parameters from electron scattering data. previous studies have shown that real part of the optical potential for a nucleon bound in $_{6}^{12}c$ at zero kinetic energy $u^{p,n}_{opt}(t=0)\approx$ 44 mev is larger than that for the $\delta$(1232) resonance $u^{\delta}_{opt}(t=0)\approx$ 30 mev. we find the reverse at higher kinetic energies. for example at t=100 mev we find a nucleon potential $u^{p,n}_{opt}(t=100 mev)$=20$\pm$5 mev and $u^{\delta}_{opt}(t=100 mev)$= 30$\pm$5 mev. the two results are consistent for two reasons. first, theoretically the kinetic energy dependence of the $\delta$ potential is flatter than that of the nucleon. secondly, in our analysis the extracted $u^{\delta}_{opt}$ values are the nuclear potential for {\it"nucleon plus pion"} final states in the region of the $\delta$ resonances and therefore includes contributions from both resonance and non resonance pion production processes. for monte carlo generators that only include the effects of fermi motion and nuclear potentials, the relevant parameter is the effective nuclear potential for the "nucleon plus pion" final state. | nuclear potential of final state nucleons and nucleons plus single pions in lepton nucleus scattering |
over the last years, new physics in terms of a novel weakly-interacting massive particle (wimp) has come more and more under pressure from experimental null results. while the remaining wimp parameter space will be probed by next generation dark matter experiments, models of light new physics have become increasingly popular over the last decade. in an effort to explore the parameter space of such light physics, a myriad of custom designed high-precision/low-energy experiments has been proposed. in this note, however, i argue that existing lhc multipurpose experiments like atals and cms have a so far unexploited potential to probe light physics via appearing displaced recoil jets. in the first part, i discuss the sensitivity of this signature to (ultra-)light scalar and axionic dark matter, while in the second part i show its sensitivity to high-energy neutrino scattering. | searching for light physics at the lhc |
a 510 day long-term measurement of a 45.3 g platinum foil acting as the sample and high voltage contact in an ultra-low-background high purity germanium detector was performed at laboratori nazionali del gran sasso (italy). the data was used for a detailed study of double beta decay modes in natural platinum isotopes. limits are set in the range o (1014-1019) years (90% c.l.) for several double beta decay transitions to excited states confirming, and partially extending existing limits. the highest sensitivity of the measurement, greater than 1019 years, was achieved for the two neutrino and neutrinoless double beta decay modes of the isotope 198pt. additionally, novel limits for inelastic dark matter scattering on 195pt are placed up to mass splittings of approximately 500 kev. we analyze several techniques to extend the sensitivity and propose a few approaches for future medium-scale experiments with platinum-group elements. | updated and novel limits on double beta decay and dark matter-induced processes in platinum |
we apply the no-core shell model with continuum (ncsmc) that is capable of describing both bound and unbound states in light nuclei in a unified way with chiral two- and three-nucleon interactions as the only input. the ncsmc can predict structure and dynamics of light nuclei and, by comparing to available experimental data, test the quality of chiral nuclear forces. we discuss applications of ncsmc to the $\alpha{-}\alpha$ scattering and the structure of $^8$be, the p+$^7$be and p+$^7$li radiative capture and the production of the hypothetical x17 boson claimed in atomki experiments. the $^7$be(p,$\gamma$)$^8$b reaction plays a role in solar nucleosynthesis and solar neutrino physics and has been subject of numerous experimental investigations. we also highlight our investigation of the neutron rich exotic $^8$he that has been recently studied experimentally at triumf with an unexpected deformation reported. | ab initio investigations of a=8 nuclei: $\\alpha{-}\\alpha$ scattering, deformation in $^8$he, radiative capture of protons on $^7$be and $^7$li and the x17 boson |
we have combined two low-threshold detector technologies to develop a large-mass, low-threshold detector system that simultaneously measures the athermal phonons in a sapphire detector while an adjacent silicon high-voltage detector detects the scintillation light from the sapphire detector. this detector system could provide event-by-event discrimination between electron and nuclear events due to the difference in their scintillation light yield. while such systems with simultaneous phonon and light detection have been demonstrated earlier with smaller detectors, our system is designed to provide a large detector mass with high amplification for the limited scintillation light. future work will focus on at least an order of magnitude improvement in the light collection efficiency by having a highly reflective detector housing and custom phonon mask design to maximize light collection by the silicon high-voltage detector. | development of a large-mass, low-threshold detector system with simultaneous measurements of athermal phonons and scintillation light |
progress in neutrino-nucleus cross section models is being driven by the need for highly accurate predictions for the neutrino oscillation community. these sophisticated models are being developed within a microscopic description of the nucleus with the goal of encompassing all reaction modes relevant for the accelerator neutrino program. the disconnect between these microscopic models and the event generators that will be used in the next generation of experiments represents a critical obstacle that must be overcome in order to precisely measure the neutrino oscillation parameters. to this end we have developed a hadron tensor interface for lepton-nucleus quasielastic (qe) scattering within the genie event generator as a proof of principle, with the broader goal of creating an efficient pipeline for incorporating advanced theoretical models in event generators. as a demonstration of this interface we have implemented the spectral function model into genie by connecting theorist provided fortran code through the hadron tensor interface. the spectral function model offers a more complete description of the nuclear ground state, as well as the ability to provide quantifiable theoretical uncertainties. we validate this implementation and compare its predictions against data and against qe models already available in genie. | interfacing electron and neutrino quasielastic scattering cross sections with the spectral function in genie |
muons have a similar latency/energy correlation from pion decay as do the neutrinos, and hence in each time-slice in a stroboscopic analysis measurements of their momentum spectra can reduce systematic uncertainties due to flux. there are, however, unique issues for muons: 1) during standard neutrino data-taking muon measurements in the forward direction must be in formidable high-flux high-radiation environments; 2) because of the very high incident hadron flux in the absorber hall, muons must be detected after a thick absorber, imposing a range cutoff at a momentum much above the minimum neutrino momentum of interest; 3) the muon velocity, unlike that of neutrinos, differs from $c$, and so the muon detected time will require correction for the muon flight path, requiring measurement of the muon momentum; 4) multiple scattering is significant for low-momentum muons, and so a `good geometry' is essential for precision muon flux measurements; and 5) developments in psec timing allow muon momenta in the momentum region of interest to be measured precisely by time-of-flight over short distances with photodetectors of a few-psec resolution. here we advocate that a program of extensive precise low-intensity muon momentum spectrum measurements be carried out early in the lbnf program before the absorber hall becomes too hot. the low-momentum muon spectra taken in this experiment would be cross-normalized to the high-intensity neutrino data through the currently planned muon monitors which can operate in both the low and high intensity geometries. while beyond the scope of uniquely muon-related issues, the note includes a proposal for an long-base-line oscillation analysis strategy that exploits stroboscopic information for both neutrinos and muons to reduce systematic uncertainties on the neutrino fluxes and event selection in far and near detectors. | adding stroboscopic muon information for reduction of systematic uncertainties in dune |
the red-100 experiment with a liquid xenon target was carried out at kalinin nuclear power plant. the goal of the experiment is the detection and study of the coherent elastic neutrino nucleus scattering process (ceνns) for the low-energy antineutrinos in close vicinity to a reactor core. a good understanding of the external radioactive background is needed to achieve this goal. this paper describes the external background conditions for the red-100 experiment at kalinin nuclear power plant. | characterization of the ambient background in the red-100 experiment location at kalinin nuclear power plant |
the production cross sections and polarization observables of the $\tau$ leptons produced in the $|\delta s| = 0$ and $1$ induced $\nu_{\tau}(\bar{\nu}_{\tau})-n$ quasielastic scattering have been studied. the effect of t violation, in the case of $\delta s=0$ and 1 processes, and the su(3) symmetry breaking effects, in the case of $\delta s=1$ processes, on the total scattering cross sections as well polarization observables are explored. experimentally, it would be possible to observe these effects in the forthcoming (anti)neutrino experiments like dune, ship and dstau. | t-violating effect in $\\nu_{\\tau} (\\bar{\\nu}_{\\tau})-$nucleon quasielastic scattering |
the study of pion production and the effects of final state interactions (fsi) are important for data analysis in all neutrino experiments. for energies at which current neutrino experiments are being operated, a significant contribution to pion production is made by resonance production process. after its production, if a pion is absorbed in the nuclear matter, the event may become indistinguishable from quasi-elastic scattering process and acts as a background. the estimation of this background is very essential for oscillation experiments and requires good theoretical models for both pion production at primary vertex and after fsi. due to fsi, the number of final state pions is significantly different from the number produced at primary vertex. as the neutrino detectors can observe only the final state particles, the correct information about the particles produced at the primary vertex is overshadowed by fsi. to overcome this difficulty, a good knowledge of fsi is required which may be provided by theoretical models incorporated in monte carlo (mc) neutrino event generators. they provide theoretical predictions of neutrino interactions for different experiments and serve as a bridge between theoretical models and experimental measurements. in this work, we will present simulated events for two different mc generators—genie and nuwro, for pion production in ${{ν }_{μ }}$cc interactions on 40ar target in dune experimental set up. a brief outline of theoretical models used by generators is presented. the results of pion production are presented in the form of tables showing the occupancy of primary and final state pion topologies with 100% detector efficiency and with detection thresholds on pion kinetic energy. we observe that nuwro (v-19.02.2) is more transparent (less responsive) to absorption and charge exchange processes as compared to genie (v-3.00.06), pions are more likely to be absorbed than created during their intranuclear transport, and there is need to lower the detection thresholds on pion kinetic energy to improve detector efficiency for better results. | study of pion production in νμ interactions on 40ar in dune using genie and nuwro event generators |
we report the fabrication and performance of an annular, cryogenic, phonon-mediated veto detector that can host an inner target detector, allowing substantial reduction in radiogenic backgrounds for rare event search experiments. a germanium veto detector of mass ∼500 g with an outer diameter of 76 mm and an inner diameter of 28 mm was produced inside of which was mounted a 25 mm diameter germanium inner target detector of mass ∼10 g. the detector was designed using inputs from a geant4 based simulation, where it was modeled to be sandwiched between two germanium detectors. the simulation showed that the background rates (dominated by gamma interactions) could be reduced by > 90%, and that such an arrangement is sufficient for aggressive background reduction needed for neutrino and dark matter search experiments. operating at mk temperatures at the experimental site, the veto detector prototype achieved a baseline resolution of 1.24 ± 0.02 kev while hosting a functional inner target detector. the baseline resolution of the inner target detector was 147 ± 2 ev. the experimental results of an identical detector arrangement are in excellent agreement with the simulation. | a novel active veto prototype detector with an inner target for improved rare event searches |
background: in this study, two proton beam delivery designs, i.e. passive scattering proton therapy (pspt) and pencil beam scanning (pbs), were quantitatively compared in terms of dosimetric indices. the gate monte carlo (mc) particle transport code was used to simulate the proton beam system; and the developed simulation engines were benchmarked with respect to the experimental measurements. | comparative assessment of passive scattering and active scanning proton therapy techniques using monte carlo simulations |
we present a study of coherent pion production in neutrino-nucleus interactions using the formalism based on partially conserved axial current theorem which connects the neutrino-nucleus cross section to the pion-nucleus elastic scattering cross section. pion-nucleus elastic scattering cross section is calculated using glauber model which takes three inputs, nuclear densities, pion-nucleon cross section and απn which is the ratio of real to imaginary part of πn forward scattering amplitude, for which the parametrizations are obtained from measured data. we calculate the differential and integrated cross sections for charge and neutral current coherent pion production in neutrino (anti-neutrino)-nucleus scattering for a range of nuclear targets from light to heavy materials such as lithium, carbon, hydrocarbon, oxygen, silicon, argon, iron and lead. the results of these cross section calculations are compared with the measured data and with the calculations from the berger-sehgal model and genie package. there is an excellent agreement between the calculated and measured cross sections with glauber model. while genie and berger-sehgal model give a good description of the data in the lower energy range the present calculations describe the data in all energy ranges. predictions are also made for upcoming experiments like ino and dune in the coherent region of neutrino cross section. | coherent pion production in neutrino (anti-neutrino)-nucleus interaction |
this paper describes a new method for momentum reconstruction of charged particles using multiple coulomb scatterings in a nuclear emulsion detector with a layered structure of nuclear emulsion films and target materials. the method utilizes the scattering angles of particles precisely measured in the emulsion films. the method is based on the maximum likelihood to include the new information on the decrease of the energy as the particle travels through the detector. according to the monte carlo simulations, this method can measure momentum with a resolution of 10% for muons of ${500}\, {\rm mev}/c$ passing through the detector perpendicularly. the momentum resolution is evaluated to be 10-20%, depending on the momentum and emission angle of the particle. by accounting for the effect of the energy decrease, the momentum can be reconstructed correctly with less bias, particularly in the low-momentum region. we apply this method to measure the momentum of muon tracks detected in the neutrino interaction research with nuclear emulsion and j-parc accelerator (ninja) experiment where the momentum is also measured independently by using the track range. the two measurements agree well within experimental uncertainties, verifying the method experimentally. this method will extend the measurable phase space of muons and hadrons in the ninja experiment. | momentum reconstruction of charged particles using multiple coulomb scatterings in a nuclear emulsion detector |
the emission of γ -rays after neutron capture in a cryogenic detector can generate monoenergetic nuclear recoils in the sub-kev regime, which is of direct interest for the calibration of dark matter and coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering experiments. here we show that accurate predictions of the spectra of total energy deposition induced by neutron captures require taking into account the interplay between the development in time of the deexcitation γ -ray cascade of the target nucleus and that of the associated atomic collisions in matter. we present detailed simulations coupling the fifrelin code for the description of the γ -ray cascades and the iradina code for the modeling of the fast atomic movements in matter. spectra of total energy deposition are predicted, and made available to the community, for concrete cases of al2o3, si, ge, and cawo4 crystals exposed to a low intensity beam of thermal neutrons. we find that timing effects cause new calibration peaks to emerge in the recoil spectra and also impact the shape of the continuous recoil distribution. we discuss how they could give access to a rich physics program, spanning the accurate study of the response of cryogenic detectors in the sub-kev range, tests of solid state physics simulations, and nuclear models. | study of collision and γ -cascade times following neutron-capture processes in cryogenic detectors |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.