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we study the orbital architecture of multi-planet systems detected by the kepler transit mission using n-body simulations, focusing on the orbital spacing between adjacent planets in systems showing four or more transiting planets. we find that the observed spacings are tightly clustered around 12 mutual hill radii, wh... | spacing of kepler planets: sculpting by dynamical instability |
seven temperate earth-sized exoplanets readily amenable for atmospheric studies transit the nearby ultracool dwarf star trappist-1 (refs 1,2). their atmospheric regime is unknown and could range from extended primordial hydrogen-dominated to depleted atmospheres3-6. hydrogen in particular is a powerful greenhouse gas t... | atmospheric reconnaissance of the habitable-zone earth-sized planets orbiting trappist-1 |
the asteroid impact & deflection assessment (aida) mission is an international cooperation between nasa and esa. nasa plans to provide the double asteroid redirection test (dart) mission which will perform a kinetic impactor experiment to demonstrate asteroid impact hazard mitigation. esa proposes to provide the he... | aida dart asteroid deflection test: planetary defense and science objectives |
data from the newly commissioned transiting exoplanet survey satellite has revealed a “hot earth” around lhs 3844, an m dwarf located 15 pc away. the planet has a radius of 1.303+/- 0.022 r ⊕ and orbits the star every 11 hr. although the existence of an atmosphere around such a strongly irradiated planet is questionabl... | tess discovery of an ultra-short-period planet around the nearby m dwarf lhs 3844 |
spatially resolved structures in protoplanetary disks hint at unseen planets. previous imaging observations of the transitional disk around mwc 758 revealed an inner cavity, a ring-like outer disk, emission clumps, and spiral arms, all possibly generated by companions. we present alma dust continuum observations of mwc... | the eccentric cavity, triple rings, two-armed spirals, and double clumps of the mwc 758 disk |
we present a large, uniform analysis of young (≈10-150 myr) ultracool dwarfs, based on new high-precision infrared (ir) parallaxes for 68 objects. we find that low-gravity (vl-g) late-m and l dwarfs form a continuous sequence in ir color-magnitude diagrams, separate from the field population and from current theoretica... | the hawaii infrared parallax program. ii. young ultracool field dwarfs |
protoplanetary disks with large inner dust cavities are thought to host massive planetary or substellar companions. these disks show asymmetries and rings in the millimeter continuum caused by dust trapping in pressure bumps and potentially vortices or horseshoes. the origin of the asymmetries and their diversity remai... | on the diversity of asymmetries in gapped protoplanetary disks |
to fully understand the global climate dynamics of the warm early eocene with its reoccurring hyperthermal events, an accurate high-fidelity age model is required. the ypresian stage (56-47.8 ma) covers a key interval within the eocene as it ranges from the warmest marine temperatures in the early eocene to the long-te... | astronomical calibration of the ypresian timescale: implications for seafloor spreading rates and the chaotic behavior of the solar system? |
many white dwarf stars show signs of having accreted smaller bodies, implying that they may host planetary systems. a small number of these systems contain gaseous debris discs, visible through emission lines. we report a stable 123.4-minute periodic variation in the strength and shape of the ca ii emission line profil... | a planetesimal orbiting within the debris disc around a white dwarf star |
observations of jupiter’s gravity field by juno have revealed surprisingly low values for the high-order gravitational moments, considering the abundances of heavy elements measured by galileo 20 years ago. the derivation of recent equations of state for hydrogen and helium, which are much denser in the megabar region,... | new models of jupiter in the context of juno and galileo |
the provenance of water and organic compounds on earth and other terrestrial planets has been discussed for a long time without reaching a consensus. one of the best means to distinguish between different scenarios is by determining the deuterium-to-hydrogen (d/h) ratios in the reservoirs for comets and earth’s oceans.... | 67p/churyumov-gerasimenko, a jupiter family comet with a high d/h ratio |
context. teegarden's star is the brightest and one of the nearest ultra-cool dwarfs in the solar neighbourhood. for its late spectral type (m7.0 v), the star shows relatively little activity and is a prime target for near-infrared radial velocity surveys such as carmenes.aims: as part of the carmenes search for exoplan... | the carmenes search for exoplanets around m dwarfs. two temperate earth-mass planet candidates around teegarden's star |
we present a novel method to detect variable astrophysical objects and transient phenomena using anomalous excess scatter in repeated measurements from public catalogs of gaia dr2 and zwicky transient facility (ztf) dr3 photometry. we first provide a generalized, all-sky proxy for variability using only gaia dr2 photom... | i spy transits and pulsations: empirical variability in white dwarfs using gaia and the zwicky transient facility |
we conduct a uniform analysis of the transit timing variations (ttvs) of 145 planets from 55 kepler multiplanet systems to infer planet masses and eccentricities. eighty of these planets do not have previously reported mass and eccentricity measurements. we employ two complementary methods to fit ttvs: markov chain mon... | kepler planet masses and eccentricities from ttv analysis |
plate tectonics plays a vital role in the evolution of our planet. geochemical analysis of earth’s oldest continental crust suggests that subduction may have begun episodically about 3.8 to 3.2 billion years ago, during the early archaean or perhaps more than 3.8 billion years ago, during the hadean. yet, mantle rocks ... | a review of the isotopic and trace element evidence for mantle and crustal processes in the hadean and archean: implications for the onset of plate tectonic subduction |
aquaculture is the fastest-growing animal food production sector worldwide and is becoming the main source of aquatic animal food in human consumption. depletion of wild fishery stocks, rising global populations, continuing demand for food fish, and international trade has driven aquaculture's tremendous expansion duri... | aquaculture: relevance, distribution, impacts and spatial assessments - a review |
interstellar comets penetrating through the solar system had been anticipated for decades1,2. the discovery of asteroidal-looking `oumuamua3,4 was thus a huge surprise and a puzzle. furthermore, the physical properties of the `first scout' turned out to be impossible to reconcile with solar system objects4-6, challengi... | initial characterization of interstellar comet 2i/borisov |
rayleigh-bénard convection in rotating spherical shells can be considered as a simplified analogue of many astrophysical and geophysical fluid flows. here, we use three-dimensional direct numerical simulations to study this physical process. we construct a dataset of more than 200 numerical models that cover a broad pa... | scaling regimes in spherical shell rotating convection |
one popular view of venus' climate history describes a world that has spent much of its life with surface liquid water, plate tectonics, and a stable temperate climate. part of the basis for this optimistic scenario is the high deuterium to hydrogen ratio from the pioneer venus mission that was interpreted to imply ven... | venusian habitable climate scenarios: modeling venus through time and applications to slowly rotating venus-like exoplanets |
we present the first detection of atomic emission lines from the atmosphere of an exoplanet. we detect neutral iron lines from the dayside of kelt-9b (teq ∼ 4000 k). we combined thousands of spectrally resolved lines observed during one night with the harps-n spectrograph (r ∼ 115,000), mounted at the telescopio nazion... | neutral iron emission lines from the dayside of kelt-9b: the gaps program with harps-n at tng xx |
the nature and origin of free-floating planets (ffps) are still largely unconstrained because of a lack of large homogeneous samples to enable a statistical analysis of their properties. so far, most ffps have been discovered using indirect methods; microlensing surveys have proved particularly successful to detect the... | a rich population of free-floating planets in the upper scorpius young stellar association |
context. high-precision determinations of abundances of elements in the atmospheres of the sun and solar twin stars indicate that the sun has an unusually low ratio between refractory and volatile elements. this has led to the suggestion that the relation between abundance ratios, [x/fe], and elemental condensation tem... | high-precision abundances of elements in solar twin stars. trends with stellar age and elemental condensation temperature |
aims: we aim to describe the pre-main-sequence and main-sequence evolution of x-ray and extreme-ultaviolet radiation of a solar-mass star based on its rotational evolution starting with a realistic range of initial rotation rates.methods: we derive evolutionary tracks of x-ray radiation based on a rotational evolution ... | the extreme ultraviolet and x-ray sun in time: high-energy evolutionary tracks of a solar-like star |
ultralow-velocity zones (ulvzs) at earth’s core-mantle boundary region have important implications for the chemical composition and thermal structure of our planet, but their origin has long been debated. hydrogen-bearing iron peroxide (feo2hx) in the pyrite-type crystal structure was recently found to be stable under ... | hydrogen-bearing iron peroxide and the origin of ultralow-velocity zones |
the nasa curiosity rover mast camera (mastcam) system is a pair of fixed-focal length, multispectral, color ccd imagers mounted 2 m above the surface on the rover's remote sensing mast, along with associated electronics and an onboard calibration target. the left mastcam (m-34) has a 34 mm focal length, an instantaneou... | the mars science laboratory curiosity rover mastcam instruments: preflight and in-flight calibration, validation, and data archiving |
we present the full results of our decade-long astrometric monitoring programs targeting 31 ultracool binaries with component spectral types m7-t5. joint analysis of resolved imaging from keck observatory and hubble space telescope and unresolved astrometry from cfht/wircam yields parallactic distances for all systems,... | individual dynamical masses of ultracool dwarfs |
a correlation between giant-planet mass and atmospheric heavy elemental abundance was first noted in the past century from observations of planets in our own solar system and has served as a cornerstone of planet-formation theory. using data from the hubble and spitzer space telescopes from 0.5 to 5 micrometers, we con... | hat-p-26b: a neptune-mass exoplanet with a well-constrained heavy element abundance |
haumea—one of the four known trans-neptunian dwarf planets—is a very elongated and rapidly rotating body. in contrast to other dwarf planets, its size, shape, albedo and density are not well constrained. the centaur chariklo was the first body other than a giant planet known to have a ring system, and the centaur chiro... | the size, shape, density and ring of the dwarf planet haumea from a stellar occultation |
magnetic fields play a fundamental role for interior and atmospheric properties of m dwarfs and greatly influence terrestrial planets orbiting in the habitable zones of these low-mass stars. determination of the strength and topology of magnetic fields, both on stellar surfaces and throughout the extended stellar magne... | magnetic fields of m dwarfs |
the origin of complex organic molecules (coms) in young class 0 protostars has been one of the major questions in astrochemistry and star formation. while coms are thought to form on icy dust grains via gas-grain chemistry, observational constraints on their formation pathways have been limited to gas-phase detection. ... | corinos. i. jwst/miri spectroscopy and imaging of a class 0 protostar iras 15398-3359 |
anthropogenic dusts are those produced by human activities on disturbed soils, which are mainly cropland, pastureland, and urbanized regions, and are a subset of the total dust load which includes natural sources from desert regions. our knowledge of anthropogenic dusts is still very limited due to a lack of data. to u... | detection of anthropogenic dust using calipso lidar measurements |
high-resolution satellite measurements of surface winds and sea-surface temperature (sst) reveal strong coupling between meso-scale ocean eddies and near-surface atmospheric flow over eddy-rich oceanic regions, such as the kuroshio and gulf stream, highlighting the importance of meso-scale oceanic features in forcing t... | distant influence of kuroshio eddies on north pacific weather patterns? |
before rosetta, the space missions giotto and stardust shaped our view on cometary dust, supported by plentiful data from earth based observations and interplanetary dust particles collected in the earth's atmosphere. the rosetta mission at comet 67p/churyumov-gerasimenko was equipped with a multitude of instruments de... | synthesis of the morphological description of cometary dust at comet 67p/churyumov-gerasimenko |
the fates of planetary systems provide unassailable insights into their formation and represent rich cross-disciplinary dynamical laboratories. mounting observations of post-main-sequence planetary systems necessitate a complementary level of theoretical scrutiny. here, i review the diverse dynamical processes which af... | post-main-sequence planetary system evolution |
most stars form and spend their early life in regions of enhanced stellar density. therefore, the evolution of protoplanetary discs (ppds) hosted by such stars are subject to the influence of other members of the cluster. physically, ppds might be truncated either by photoevaporation due to ultraviolet flux from massiv... | protoplanetary disc truncation mechanisms in stellar clusters: comparing external photoevaporation and tidal encounters |
the atacama large millimeter/submillimeter array observations of protoplanetary disks acquired by the disk substructure at high angular resolution project resolve the dust and gas emission on angular scales as small as 3 astronomical units, offering an unprecedented detailed view of the environment where planets form. ... | the disk substructures at high angular resolution project (dsharp). ix. a high-definition study of the hd 163296 planet-forming disk |
we use radial velocity (rv) observations to search for long-period gas giant companions in systems hosting inner super-earth (1-4 r ⊕, 1-10 m ⊕) planets to constrain formation and migration scenarios for this population. we consistently refit published rv data sets for 65 stars and find nine systems with statistically ... | an excess of jupiter analogs in super-earth systems |
aims: we present an inversion method based on bayesian analysis to constrain the interior structure of terrestrial exoplanets, in the form of chemical composition of the mantle and core size. specifically, we identify what parts of the interior structure of terrestrial exoplanets can be determined from observations of ... | can we constrain the interior structure of rocky exoplanets from mass and radius measurements? |
earth's volatile element abundances (for example, sulfur, zinc, indium and lead) provide constraints on fundamental processes, such as planetary accretion, differentiation and the delivery of volatile species, like water, which contributed to earth becoming a habitable planet. the composition of the silicate earth sugg... | earth's volatile element depletion pattern inherited from a carbonaceous chondrite-like source |
we revisit the hypothesis that there is life in the venusian clouds to propose a life cycle that resolves the conundrum of how life can persist aloft for hundreds of millions to billions of years. most discussions of an aerial biosphere in the venusian atmosphere temperate layers never address whether the life—small mi... | the venusian lower atmosphere haze as a depot for desiccated microbial life: a proposed life cycle for persistence of the venusian aerial biosphere |
a methane line list for the hitemp spectroscopic database, covering 0-13,400 cm-1 (>746 nm), is presented. to create this compilation, ab initio line lists of 12ch4 from rey et al. apj, 847, 105 (provided at separate temperatures in the theorets information system), are now combined with hitran2016 methane data to p... | an accurate, extensive, and practical line list of methane for the hitemp database |
the kuiper belt is a distant region of the outer solar system. on 1 january 2019, the new horizons spacecraft flew close to (486958) 2014 mu69, a cold classical kuiper belt object approximately 30 kilometers in diameter. such objects have never been substantially heated by the sun and are therefore well preserved since... | initial results from the new horizons exploration of 2014 mu69, a small kuiper belt object |
the formation of planets with gaseous envelopes takes place in protoplanetary accretion discs on time scales of several million years. small dust particles stick to each other to form pebbles, pebbles concentrate in the turbulent flow to form planetesimals and planetary embryos and grow to planets, which undergo substa... | the structure of protoplanetary discs around evolving young stars |
this article reviews recent progress in semi-arid climate change research in china. results indicate that the areas of semi-arid regions have increased rapidly during recent years in china, with an increase of 33% during 1994-2008 compared to 1948-62. studies have found that the expansion rate of semi-arid areas over c... | progress in semi-arid climate change studies in china |
visible-wavelength color and reflectance provide information about the geologic history of planetary surfaces. here we present multispectral images (0.44 to 0.89 micrometers) of near-earth asteroid (101955) bennu. the surface has variable colors overlain on a moderately blue global terrain. two primary boulder types ar... | variations in color and reflectance on the surface of asteroid (101955) bennu |
we report the detection of a transiting earth-size planet around gj 357, a nearby m2.5 v star, using data from the transiting exoplanet survey satellite (tess). gj 357 b (toi-562.01) is a transiting, hot, earth-sized planet (teq = 525 ± 11 k) with a radius of rb = 1.217 ± 0.084 r⊕ and an orbital period of pb = 3.93 d. ... | planetary system around the nearby m dwarf gj 357 including a transiting, hot, earth-sized planet optimal for atmospheric characterization |
we explore the dynamical structure of the protoplanetary disks surrounding hd 163296 and mwc 480 as part of the molecules with alma at planet-forming scales (maps) large program. using the j = 2-1 transitions of 12co, 13co, and c18o imaged at spatial resolutions of ~0"15 and with a channel spacing of 200 m s-1, we find... | molecules with alma at planet-forming scales (maps). xviii. kinematic substructures in the disks of hd 163296 and mwc 480 |
we determined effective temperatures, surface gravities, and metallicities for a sample of 343 m dwarfs observed with carmenes, the double-channel, high-resolution spectrograph installed at the 3.5 m telescope at calar alto observatory. we employed steparsyn, a bayesian spectral synthesis implementation particularly de... | the carmenes search for exoplanets around m dwarfs. stellar atmospheric parameters of target stars with steparsyn |
the trans-neptunian object 2014 mu69, named arrokoth, is the most recent evidence that planetesimals did not form by successive collisions of smaller objects, but by the direct gravitational collapse of a pebble cloud. but what process sets the physical scales on which this collapse may occur? star formation has the je... | turbulence sets the length scale for planetesimal formation: local 2d simulations of streaming instability and planetesimal formation |
close-in giant exoplanets with temperatures greater than 2,000 k (`ultra-hot jupiters') have been the subject of extensive efforts to determine their atmospheric properties using thermal emission measurements from the hubble space telescope (hst) and spitzer space telescope1-3. however, previous studies have yielded in... | a broadband thermal emission spectrum of the ultra-hot jupiter wasp-18b |
full comprehension of the dynamics of hazardous sea levels is indispensable for assessing and managing coastal flood risk, especially under a changing climate. the 12 november 2019 devastating flood in the historical city of venice (italy) stimulated new investigations of the coastal flooding problem from different per... | venice as a paradigm of coastal flooding under multiple compound drivers |
at the time of this writing, the novel coronavirus (covid-19) pandemic outbreak has already put tremendous strain on many countries' citizens, resources and economies around the world. social distancing measures, travel bans, self-quarantines, and business closures are changing the very fabric of societies worldwide. w... | tracking social media discourse about the covid-19 pandemic: development of a public coronavirus twitter data set |
nitryl chloride (clno2) plays potentially important roles in atmospheric chemistry, but its abundance and effect are not fully understood due to the small number of ambient observations of clno2 to date. in late autumn 2013, clno2 was measured with a chemical ionization mass spectrometer (cims) at a mountain top (957 m... | observations of nitryl chloride and modeling its source and effect on ozone in the planetary boundary layer of southern china |
nasa’s new horizons spacecraft has revealed the complex geology of pluto and charon. pluto’s encounter hemisphere shows ongoing surface geological activity centered on a vast basin containing a thick layer of volatile ices that appears to be involved in convection and advection, with a crater retention age no greater t... | the geology of pluto and charon through the eyes of new horizons |
the flyby of pluto and charon by the new horizons spacecraft provided high-resolution images of cratered surfaces embedded in the kuiper belt, an extensive region of bodies orbiting beyond neptune. impact craters on pluto and charon were formed by collisions with other kuiper belt objects (kbos) with diameters from ~40... | impact craters on pluto and charon indicate a deficit of small kuiper belt objects |
context. transition disks are protoplanetary disks with dust-depleted cavities, possibly indicating substantial clearing of their dust content by a massive companion. for several known transition disks, dark regions interpreted as shadows have been observed in scattered light imaging and are hypothesized to originate f... | probing inner and outer disk misalignments in transition disks. constraints from vlti/gravity and alma observations |
accurate nuclear data provide an essential foundation for advances in a wide range of fields, including nuclear energy, nuclear safety and security, safeguards, nuclear medicine, and planetary and space exploration. in these and other critical domains, outdated, imprecise, and incomplete nuclear data can hinder progres... | current nuclear data needs for applications |
the measured nitrogen-to-carbon ratio in comets is lower than for the sun, a discrepancy which could be alleviated if there is an unknown reservoir of nitrogen in comets. the nucleus of comet 67p/churyumov-gerasimenko exhibits an unidentified broad spectral reflectance feature around 3.2 micrometers, which is ubiquitou... | ammonium salts are a reservoir of nitrogen on a cometary nucleus and possibly on some asteroids |
the evolution of protoplanetary discs and the related process of planet formation is regulated by angular momentum transport and mass-loss processes. over the past decade, the paradigm of viscosity has been challenged and mhd disc winds appear as a compelling scenario to account for disc accretion. in this work, we aim... | secular evolution of mhd wind-driven discs: analytical solutions in the expanded α-framework |
accurately measuring stellar parameters is a key goal to increase our understanding of the observable universe. however, current methods are limited by many factors, in particular, the biases and physical assumptions that are the basis for the underlying evolutionary or atmospheric models, those that these methods rely... | ariadne: measuring accurate and precise stellar parameters through sed fitting |
eccentricity of wide binaries is difficult to measure due to their long orbital periods. with gaia's high-precision astrometric measurements, eccentricity of a wide binary can be constrained by the angle between the separation vector and the relative velocity vector (the v-r angle). in this paper, by using the v-r angl... | the eccentricity distribution of wide binaries and their individual measurements |
isca is a framework for the idealized modelling of the global circulation of planetary atmospheres at varying levels of complexity and realism. the framework is an outgrowth of models from the geophysical fluid dynamics laboratory in princeton, usa, designed for earth's atmosphere, but it may readily be extended into o... | isca, v1.0: a framework for the global modelling of the atmospheres of earth and other planets at varying levels of complexity |
binary formation is an important aspect of star formation. one possible route for close-in binary formation is disk fragmentation1-3. recent observations show that small-scale asymmetries (<300 au) around young protostars2,4, although not always resolving the circumbinary disk, are linked to disk phenomena5,6. in la... | a protostellar system fed by a streamer of 10,500 au length |
on 26 september 2022, the double asteroid redirection test (dart) spacecraft struck dimorphos, a satellite of the asteroid 65803 didymos1. because it is a binary system, it is possible to determine how much the orbit of the satellite changed, as part of a test of what is necessary to deflect an asteroid that might thre... | light curves and colours of the ejecta from dimorphos after the dart impact |
a warming hiatus is a period of relatively little change in global mean surface air temperatures (sat). many studies have attributed the current warming hiatus to internal climate variability (icv). but there is less work on discussion of the dynamics about how these icv modes influence cooling over land in the norther... | the dynamics of the warming hiatus over the northern hemisphere |
a global picture of the evolution of protoplanetary disks (ppds) is key to understanding almost every aspect of planet formation, where standard α-disk models have been continually employed for their simplicity. in the meantime, disk mass loss has been conventionally attributed to photoevaporation, which controls disk ... | towards a global evolutionary model of protoplanetary disks |
context. the consistency of planet formation models suffers from the disconnection between the regime of small and large bodies. this is primarily caused by so-called growth barriers: the direct growth of larger bodies is halted at centimetre-sized objects and particular conditions are required for the formation of lar... | close-in planetesimal formation by pile-up of drifting pebbles |
we present a python package ldtk that automates the calculation of custom stellar limb-darkening (ld) profiles and model-specific limb-darkening coefficients using the library of phoenix-generated specific intensity spectra by husser et al. the aim of the package is to facilitate analyses requiring custom generated ld ... | ldtk: limb darkening toolkit |
context. the rosetta mission of the european space agency has been orbiting the comet 67p/churyumov-gerasimenko (67p) since august 2014 and is now in its escort phase. a large complement of scientific experiments designed to complete the most detailed study of a comet ever attempted are onboard rosetta.aims: we present... | spectrophotometric properties of the nucleus of comet 67p/churyumov-gerasimenko from the osiris instrument onboard the rosetta spacecraft |
au microscopii (au mic) is a young, active star whose transiting planet was recently detected. here, we report our analysis of its tess light curve, where we modeled the by draconis type quasi-periodic rotational modulation by starspots simultaneously to the flaring activity and planetary transits. we measured a flare ... | new constraints on the planetary system around the young active star au mic. two transiting warm neptunes near mean-motion resonance |
planetary systems such as our own are formed after a long process where matter condenses from diffuse clouds to stars, planets, asteroids, comets and residual dust, undergoing dramatic changes in physical and chemical state in less than a few million years. several studies have shown that the chemical composition durin... | organic chemistry in the first phases of solar-type protostars |
interstellar formamide (nh2cho) has recently attracted significant attention due to its potential role as a molecular building block in the formation of precursor biomolecules relevant for the origin of life. its formation, whether on the surfaces of the interstellar grains or in the gas phase, is currently debated. th... | can formamide be formed on interstellar ice? an atomistic perspective |
we present a new method and implementation (instaseis) to store global green's functions in a database which allows for near-instantaneous (on the order of milliseconds) extraction of arbitrary seismograms. using the axisymmetric spectral element method (axisem), the generation of these databases, based on reciprocity ... | instaseis: instant global seismograms based on a broadband waveform database |
small planets (∼1-3.9 ${r}_{\oplus }$ ) constitute more than half of the inventory of the 4000-plus exoplanets discovered so far. smaller planets are sufficiently dense to be rocky, but those with radii larger than ∼1.6 ${r}_{\oplus }$ are thought to display in many cases hydrogen/helium gaseous envelopes up to ∼30% of... | irradiated ocean planets bridge super-earth and sub-neptune populations |
earth's energy imbalance (eei) is a relatively small (presently ∼0.3%) difference between global mean solar radiation absorbed and thermal infrared radiation emitted to space. eei is set by natural and anthropogenic climate forcings and the climate system's response to those forcings. it is also influenced by internal ... | satellite and ocean data reveal marked increase in earth's heating rate |
recent analyses have reported catastrophic global declines in vertebrate populations1,2. however, the distillation of many trends into a global mean index obscures the variation that can inform conservation measures and can be sensitive to analytical decisions. for example, previous analyses have estimated a mean verte... | clustered versus catastrophic global vertebrate declines |
the intraseasonal oscillations and in particular the mjo have been and still remain a "holy grail" of today's atmospheric science research. why does the mjo propagate eastward? what makes it unstable? what is the scaling for the mjo, i.e., why does it prefer long wavelengths or planetary wave numbers 1-3? what is the w... | a simple model of intraseasonal oscillations |
alma has observed a plethora of ring-like structures in planet-forming discs at distances of 10-100 au from their host star. although several mechanisms have been invoked to explain the origin of such rings, a common explanation is that they trace new-born planets. under the planetary hypothesis, a natural question is ... | the newborn planet population emerging from ring-like structures in discs |
hot jupiters have been predicted to have a strong day/night temperature contrast and a hotspot shifted eastward of the substellar point. this was confirmed by numerous phase curve observations probing the longitudinal brightness variation of the atmosphere. global circulation models, however, systematically underestima... | the cloudy shape of hot jupiter thermal phase curves |
the majority of the transiting planets discovered by the kepler mission (called super-earths here, includes the so-called “sub-neptunes”) orbit close to their stars. as such, photoevaporation of their hydrogen envelopes etches sharp features in an otherwise bland space spanned by planet radius and orbital period. this,... | mass and mass scalings of super-earths |
the long history of life on earth has unfolded as a cause-and-effect relationship with the evolving amount of oxygen (o2) in the oceans and atmosphere. oxygen deficiency characterized our planet's first 2 billion years, yet evidence for biological o2 production and local enrichments in the surface ocean appear long bef... | oxygenation, life, and the planetary system during earth's middle history: an overview |
barnard's star is a red dwarf, and has the largest proper motion (apparent motion across the sky) of all known stars. at a distance of 1.8 parsecs1, it is the closest single star to the sun; only the three stars in the α centauri system are closer. barnard's star is also among the least magnetically active red dwarfs k... | a candidate super-earth planet orbiting near the snow line of barnard's star |
cold ocean temperature anomalies have been observed in the mid- to high-latitude north atlantic on interannual to centennial timescales. most notably, a large region of persistently low surface temperatures accompanied by a sharp reduction in ocean heat content was evident in the subpolar gyre from the winter of 2013-2... | the recent atlantic cold anomaly: causes, consequences, and related phenomena |
the raman laser spectrometer (rls) on board the esa/roscosmos exomars 2020 mission will provide precise identification of the mineral phases and the possibility to detect organics on the red planet. the rls will work on the powdered samples prepared inside the pasteur analytical suite and collected on the surface and s... | the raman laser spectrometer for the exomars rover mission to mars |
highly siderophile elements (hses) are strongly depleted in the bulk silicate earth (bse) but are present in near-chondritic relative abundances. the conventional explanation is that the hses were stripped from the mantle by the segregation of metal during core formation but were added back in near-chondritic proportio... | highly siderophile elements were stripped from earth’s mantle by iron sulfide segregation |
convection is a fundamental physical process in the fluid cores of planets. it is the primary transport mechanism for heat and chemical species and the primary energy source for planetary magnetic fields. key properties of convection—such as the characteristic flow velocity and length scale—are poorly quantified in pla... | turbulent convective length scale in planetary cores |
we present jwst early release science coronagraphic observations of the super-jupiter exoplanet, hip 65426b, with the near-infrared camera (nircam) from 2 to 5 μm, and with the mid-infrared instrument (miri) from 11 to 16 μm. at a separation of ~0.″82 (87 ${}_{-31}^{+108}$ au), hip 65426b is clearly detected in all sev... | the jwst early release science program for direct observations of exoplanetary systems i: high-contrast imaging of the exoplanet hip 65426 b from 2 to 16 μm |
we present triceratops, a new bayesian tool that can be used to vet and validate tess objects of interest (tois). we test the tool on 68 tois that have been previously confirmed as planets or rejected as astrophysical false positives. by looking in the false-positive probability (fpp)-nearby false-positive probability ... | vetting of 384 tess objects of interest with triceratops and statistical validation of 12 planet candidates |
exomoons are the natural satellites of planets orbiting stars outside our solar system, of which there are currently no confirmed examples. we present new observations of a candidate exomoon associated with kepler-1625b using the hubble space telescope to validate or refute the moon's presence. we find evidence in favo... | evidence for a large exomoon orbiting kepler-1625b |
the deep ocean absorbs vast amounts of heat and carbon dioxide, providing a critical buffer to climate change but exposing vulnerable ecosystems to combined stresses of warming, ocean acidification, deoxygenation, and altered food inputs. resulting changes may threaten biodiversity and compromise key ocean services tha... | the deep ocean under climate change |
keeping the earth system in a stable and resilient state, to safeguard earth's life support systems while ensuring that earth's benefits, risks, and related responsibilities are equitably shared, constitutes the grand challenge for human development in the anthropocene. here, we describe a framework that the recently f... | identifying a safe and just corridor for people and the planet |
soils are the foundation of all terrestrial ecosystems1. however, unlike for plants and animals, a global assessment of hotspots for soil nature conservation is still lacking2. this hampers our ability to establish nature conservation priorities for the multiple dimensions that support the soil system: from soil biodiv... | global hotspots for soil nature conservation |
a spherical harmonic model of the magnetic field of jupiter is obtained from vector magnetic field observations acquired by the juno spacecraft during 32 of its first 33 polar orbits. these prime mission orbits sample jupiter's magnetic field nearly uniformly in longitude (∼11° separation) as measured at equator crossi... | a new model of jupiter's magnetic field at the completion of juno's prime mission |
we report high-resolution spectroscopic detection of tio molecular signature in the day-side spectra of wasp-33b, the second hottest known hot jupiter. we used the high dispersion spectrograph (hds; r ∼ 165,000) on the subaru telescope in the wavelength range of 0.62-0.88 μm to obtain the day-side spectra of wasp-33b. ... | high-resolution spectroscopic detection of tio and a stratosphere in the day-side of wasp-33b |
the cause of hot-jupiter radius inflation, where giant planets with {t}eq} > 1000 k are significantly larger than expected, is an open question and the subject of many proposed explanations. many of these hypotheses postulate an additional anomalous power that heats planets’ convective interiors, leading to larger r... | bayesian analysis of hot-jupiter radius anomalies: evidence for ohmic dissipation? |
the first complete estimation of the compressible energy cascade rate |ɛc| at magnetohydrodynamic (mhd) and subion scales is obtained in earth's magnetosheath using magnetospheric multiscale spacecraft data and an exact law derived recently for compressible hall mhd turbulence. a multispacecraft technique is used to co... | energy cascade rate measured in a collisionless space plasma with mms data and compressible hall magnetohydrodynamic turbulence theory |
aims: to understand the formation and evolution of the different stellar populations within our galaxy it is essential to combine detailed kinematical and chemical information for large samples of stars. the aim of this work is to explore the chemical abundances of neutron capture elements which are a product of differ... | chemical abundances of 1111 fgk stars from the harps gto planet search program. ii. cu, zn, sr, y, zr, ba, ce, nd, and eu |
on 10 september 2017, solar energetic particles originating from the active region 12673 produced a ground level enhancement at earth. the ground level enhancement on the surface of mars, 160 longitudinally east of earth, observed by the radiation assessment detector (rad) was the largest since the landing of the curio... | modeling the evolution and propagation of 10 september 2017 cmes and seps arriving at mars constrained by remote sensing and in situ measurement |
context. many stars do not live alone, but instead have one or more stellar companions. observations show that these binaries, triples, and higher-order multiples are common. while the evolution of single stars and binaries have been studied extensively, the same is not true for the evolution of stellar triples.aims: t... | the evolution of stellar triples. the most common evolutionary pathways |
context. proxima centauri is the closest star to the sun. this small, low-mass, mid m dwarf is known to host an earth-mass exoplanet with an orbital period of 11.2 days within the habitable zone, as well as a long-period planet candidate with an orbital period of close to 5 yr.aims: we report on the analysis of a large... | a candidate short-period sub-earth orbiting proxima centauri |
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