id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 442
values | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 25.7k | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
57326ccc0fdd8d15006c6acb | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | With Eisenhower's leadership and Dulles' direction, CIA activities increased under the pretense of resisting the spread of communism in poorer countries; the CIA in part deposed the leaders of Iran in Operation Ajax, of Guatemala through Operation Pbsuccess, and possibly the newly independent Republic of the Congo (Léo... | Under what president did the Bay of Pigs Invasion take place? | {
"text": [
"John F. Kennedy"
],
"answer_start": [
626
]
} |
57326d6ce99e3014001e67ac | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Over New York City in 1953, Eastern Airlines Flight 8610, a commercial flight, had a near miss with Air Force Flight 8610, a Lockheed C-121 Constellation known as Columbine II, while the latter was carrying President Eisenhower. This prompted the adoption of the unique call sign Air Force One, to be used whenever the p... | What make and model aircraft was Air Force Flight 8610? | {
"text": [
"Lockheed C-121 Constellation"
],
"answer_start": [
125
]
} |
57326d6ce99e3014001e67ad | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Over New York City in 1953, Eastern Airlines Flight 8610, a commercial flight, had a near miss with Air Force Flight 8610, a Lockheed C-121 Constellation known as Columbine II, while the latter was carrying President Eisenhower. This prompted the adoption of the unique call sign Air Force One, to be used whenever the p... | What aircraft had an incident with Air Force Flight 8610? | {
"text": [
"Eastern Airlines Flight 8610"
],
"answer_start": [
28
]
} |
57326d6ce99e3014001e67ae | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Over New York City in 1953, Eastern Airlines Flight 8610, a commercial flight, had a near miss with Air Force Flight 8610, a Lockheed C-121 Constellation known as Columbine II, while the latter was carrying President Eisenhower. This prompted the adoption of the unique call sign Air Force One, to be used whenever the p... | What call sign does an Air Force aircraft have when a president is traveling on it? | {
"text": [
"Air Force One"
],
"answer_start": [
280
]
} |
57326d6ce99e3014001e67af | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Over New York City in 1953, Eastern Airlines Flight 8610, a commercial flight, had a near miss with Air Force Flight 8610, a Lockheed C-121 Constellation known as Columbine II, while the latter was carrying President Eisenhower. This prompted the adoption of the unique call sign Air Force One, to be used whenever the p... | What was the name of the Lockheed C-121 Constellation that carried Eisenhower? | {
"text": [
"Columbine II"
],
"answer_start": [
163
]
} |
57326d6ce99e3014001e67b0 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Over New York City in 1953, Eastern Airlines Flight 8610, a commercial flight, had a near miss with Air Force Flight 8610, a Lockheed C-121 Constellation known as Columbine II, while the latter was carrying President Eisenhower. This prompted the adoption of the unique call sign Air Force One, to be used whenever the p... | In what year was Eisenhower involved in an incident while flying? | {
"text": [
"1953"
],
"answer_start": [
22
]
} |
57327187b9d445190005eb21 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | On the whole, Eisenhower's support of the nation's fledgling space program was officially modest until the Soviet launch of Sputnik in 1957, gaining the Cold War enemy enormous prestige around the world. He then launched a national campaign that funded not just space exploration but a major strengthening of science and... | What caused Eisenhower to kickstart the US space program? | {
"text": [
"Soviet launch of Sputnik"
],
"answer_start": [
107
]
} |
57327187b9d445190005eb22 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | On the whole, Eisenhower's support of the nation's fledgling space program was officially modest until the Soviet launch of Sputnik in 1957, gaining the Cold War enemy enormous prestige around the world. He then launched a national campaign that funded not just space exploration but a major strengthening of science and... | Along with the U-2 flyovers, what did Eisenhower try to legitimize with the Open Skies Policy? | {
"text": [
"Project Genetrix"
],
"answer_start": [
419
]
} |
57327187b9d445190005eb23 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | On the whole, Eisenhower's support of the nation's fledgling space program was officially modest until the Soviet launch of Sputnik in 1957, gaining the Cold War enemy enormous prestige around the world. He then launched a national campaign that funded not just space exploration but a major strengthening of science and... | What was the legal status of the U-2 flyovers? | {
"text": [
"illegal"
],
"answer_start": [
385
]
} |
57327187b9d445190005eb24 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | On the whole, Eisenhower's support of the nation's fledgling space program was officially modest until the Soviet launch of Sputnik in 1957, gaining the Cold War enemy enormous prestige around the world. He then launched a national campaign that funded not just space exploration but a major strengthening of science and... | What was the name of the civilian space agency created by Eisenhower? | {
"text": [
"NASA"
],
"answer_start": [
529
]
} |
57327187b9d445190005eb25 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | On the whole, Eisenhower's support of the nation's fledgling space program was officially modest until the Soviet launch of Sputnik in 1957, gaining the Cold War enemy enormous prestige around the world. He then launched a national campaign that funded not just space exploration but a major strengthening of science and... | With whom did Eisenhower try to improve relations? | {
"text": [
"American scientists"
],
"answer_start": [
640
]
} |
573271ece17f3d140042297f | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In late 1952 Eisenhower went to Korea and discovered a military and political stalemate. Once in office, when the Chinese began a buildup in the Kaesong sanctuary, he threatened to use nuclear force if an armistice was not concluded. His earlier military reputation in Europe was effective with the Chinese. The National... | Where did the Chinese begin to increase forces after Eisenhower entered the White House? | {
"text": [
"Kaesong sanctuary"
],
"answer_start": [
145
]
} |
573271ece17f3d1400422980 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In late 1952 Eisenhower went to Korea and discovered a military and political stalemate. Once in office, when the Chinese began a buildup in the Kaesong sanctuary, he threatened to use nuclear force if an armistice was not concluded. His earlier military reputation in Europe was effective with the Chinese. The National... | What did Eisenhower threaten to do if there was no armistice in Korea? | {
"text": [
"use nuclear force"
],
"answer_start": [
181
]
} |
573271ece17f3d1400422981 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In late 1952 Eisenhower went to Korea and discovered a military and political stalemate. Once in office, when the Chinese began a buildup in the Kaesong sanctuary, he threatened to use nuclear force if an armistice was not concluded. His earlier military reputation in Europe was effective with the Chinese. The National... | Along with the Joint Chiefs and SAC, what body was involved with formulating plans for nuclear war with China? | {
"text": [
"National Security Council"
],
"answer_start": [
312
]
} |
573271ece17f3d1400422982 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In late 1952 Eisenhower went to Korea and discovered a military and political stalemate. Once in office, when the Chinese began a buildup in the Kaesong sanctuary, he threatened to use nuclear force if an armistice was not concluded. His earlier military reputation in Europe was effective with the Chinese. The National... | What event led to decreased Russian support for China? | {
"text": [
"death of Stalin"
],
"answer_start": [
465
]
} |
573271ece17f3d1400422983 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In late 1952 Eisenhower went to Korea and discovered a military and political stalemate. Once in office, when the Chinese began a buildup in the Kaesong sanctuary, he threatened to use nuclear force if an armistice was not concluded. His earlier military reputation in Europe was effective with the Chinese. The National... | What was SAC an abbreviation of? | {
"text": [
"Strategic Air Command"
],
"answer_start": [
374
]
} |
57327238e99e3014001e67b6 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In July 1953, an armistice took effect with Korea divided along approximately the same boundary as in 1950. The armistice and boundary remain in effect today, with American soldiers stationed there to guarantee it. The armistice, concluded despite opposition from Secretary Dulles, South Korean President Syngman Rhee, a... | The boundary line of what year formed the 1953 armistice line? | {
"text": [
"1950"
],
"answer_start": [
102
]
} |
57327238e99e3014001e67b7 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In July 1953, an armistice took effect with Korea divided along approximately the same boundary as in 1950. The armistice and boundary remain in effect today, with American soldiers stationed there to guarantee it. The armistice, concluded despite opposition from Secretary Dulles, South Korean President Syngman Rhee, a... | In what month in 1953 did the armistice come into being? | {
"text": [
"July"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
57327238e99e3014001e67b8 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In July 1953, an armistice took effect with Korea divided along approximately the same boundary as in 1950. The armistice and boundary remain in effect today, with American soldiers stationed there to guarantee it. The armistice, concluded despite opposition from Secretary Dulles, South Korean President Syngman Rhee, a... | Who was the President of South Korea at the time of the armistice? | {
"text": [
"Syngman Rhee"
],
"answer_start": [
305
]
} |
57327238e99e3014001e67b9 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In July 1953, an armistice took effect with Korea divided along approximately the same boundary as in 1950. The armistice and boundary remain in effect today, with American soldiers stationed there to guarantee it. The armistice, concluded despite opposition from Secretary Dulles, South Korean President Syngman Rhee, a... | What American official notably opposed the armistice? | {
"text": [
"Secretary Dulles"
],
"answer_start": [
264
]
} |
57327238e99e3014001e67ba | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In July 1953, an armistice took effect with Korea divided along approximately the same boundary as in 1950. The armistice and boundary remain in effect today, with American soldiers stationed there to guarantee it. The armistice, concluded despite opposition from Secretary Dulles, South Korean President Syngman Rhee, a... | Who described the armistice as Eisenhower's greatest presidential accomplishment? | {
"text": [
"Ambrose"
],
"answer_start": [
388
]
} |
5732728be17f3d1400422989 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In November 1956, Eisenhower forced an end to the combined British, French and Israeli invasion of Egypt in response to the Suez Crisis, receiving praise from Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser. Simultaneously he condemned the brutal Soviet invasion of Hungary in response to the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. He publ... | Along with the British and Israelis, what forces invaded Egypt in 1956? | {
"text": [
"French"
],
"answer_start": [
68
]
} |
5732728be17f3d140042298a | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In November 1956, Eisenhower forced an end to the combined British, French and Israeli invasion of Egypt in response to the Suez Crisis, receiving praise from Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser. Simultaneously he condemned the brutal Soviet invasion of Hungary in response to the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. He publ... | What was the combined Israeli-British-French invasion in response to? | {
"text": [
"Suez Crisis"
],
"answer_start": [
124
]
} |
5732728be17f3d140042298b | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In November 1956, Eisenhower forced an end to the combined British, French and Israeli invasion of Egypt in response to the Suez Crisis, receiving praise from Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser. Simultaneously he condemned the brutal Soviet invasion of Hungary in response to the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. He publ... | Who was the leader of Egypt at the time of the Suez Crisis? | {
"text": [
"Gamal Abdel Nasser"
],
"answer_start": [
178
]
} |
5732728be17f3d140042298c | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In November 1956, Eisenhower forced an end to the combined British, French and Israeli invasion of Egypt in response to the Suez Crisis, receiving praise from Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser. Simultaneously he condemned the brutal Soviet invasion of Hungary in response to the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. He publ... | Who invaded Hungary in 1956? | {
"text": [
"Soviet"
],
"answer_start": [
237
]
} |
5732728be17f3d140042298d | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In November 1956, Eisenhower forced an end to the combined British, French and Israeli invasion of Egypt in response to the Suez Crisis, receiving praise from Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser. Simultaneously he condemned the brutal Soviet invasion of Hungary in response to the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. He publ... | What year saw the publication of Eisenhower's memoirs? | {
"text": [
"1965"
],
"answer_start": [
564
]
} |
573272fab9d445190005eb2b | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Early in 1953, the French asked Eisenhower for help in French Indochina against the Communists, supplied from China, who were fighting the First Indochina War. Eisenhower sent Lt. General John W. "Iron Mike" O'Daniel to Vietnam to study and assess the French forces there. Chief of Staff Matthew Ridgway dissuaded the Pr... | What war was being fought by France in 1953? | {
"text": [
"First Indochina War"
],
"answer_start": [
139
]
} |
573272fab9d445190005eb2c | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Early in 1953, the French asked Eisenhower for help in French Indochina against the Communists, supplied from China, who were fighting the First Indochina War. Eisenhower sent Lt. General John W. "Iron Mike" O'Daniel to Vietnam to study and assess the French forces there. Chief of Staff Matthew Ridgway dissuaded the Pr... | What was John W. O'Daniel's nickname? | {
"text": [
"Iron Mike"
],
"answer_start": [
197
]
} |
573272fab9d445190005eb2d | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Early in 1953, the French asked Eisenhower for help in French Indochina against the Communists, supplied from China, who were fighting the First Indochina War. Eisenhower sent Lt. General John W. "Iron Mike" O'Daniel to Vietnam to study and assess the French forces there. Chief of Staff Matthew Ridgway dissuaded the Pr... | Who convinced Eisenhower not to intervene in Vietnam? | {
"text": [
"Matthew Ridgway"
],
"answer_start": [
288
]
} |
573272fab9d445190005eb2e | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Early in 1953, the French asked Eisenhower for help in French Indochina against the Communists, supplied from China, who were fighting the First Indochina War. Eisenhower sent Lt. General John W. "Iron Mike" O'Daniel to Vietnam to study and assess the French forces there. Chief of Staff Matthew Ridgway dissuaded the Pr... | Who was providing supplies to the Vietnamese communists fighting against France? | {
"text": [
"China"
],
"answer_start": [
110
]
} |
573272fab9d445190005eb2f | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Early in 1953, the French asked Eisenhower for help in French Indochina against the Communists, supplied from China, who were fighting the First Indochina War. Eisenhower sent Lt. General John W. "Iron Mike" O'Daniel to Vietnam to study and assess the French forces there. Chief of Staff Matthew Ridgway dissuaded the Pr... | How large of a military deployment did Ridgway say would be necessary in Vietnam? | {
"text": [
"massive"
],
"answer_start": [
391
]
} |
57327363b9d445190005eb35 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Eisenhower did provide France with bombers and non-combat personnel. After a few months with no success by the French, he added other aircraft to drop napalm for clearing purposes. Further requests for assistance from the French were agreed to but only on conditions Eisenhower knew were impossible to meet – allied part... | Aside from bombers, what aid did Eisenhower provide to the French? | {
"text": [
"non-combat personnel"
],
"answer_start": [
47
]
} |
57327363b9d445190005eb36 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Eisenhower did provide France with bombers and non-combat personnel. After a few months with no success by the French, he added other aircraft to drop napalm for clearing purposes. Further requests for assistance from the French were agreed to but only on conditions Eisenhower knew were impossible to meet – allied part... | What did American bombers drop on Vietnam? | {
"text": [
"napalm"
],
"answer_start": [
151
]
} |
57327363b9d445190005eb37 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Eisenhower did provide France with bombers and non-combat personnel. After a few months with no success by the French, he added other aircraft to drop napalm for clearing purposes. Further requests for assistance from the French were agreed to but only on conditions Eisenhower knew were impossible to meet – allied part... | When did Dien Bien Phu fall to the communists? | {
"text": [
"May 1954"
],
"answer_start": [
437
]
} |
57327363b9d445190005eb38 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Eisenhower did provide France with bombers and non-combat personnel. After a few months with no success by the French, he added other aircraft to drop napalm for clearing purposes. Further requests for assistance from the French were agreed to but only on conditions Eisenhower knew were impossible to meet – allied part... | Along with the Vice President and NCS head, who urged Eisenhower to intervene after the fall of Dien Bien Phu? | {
"text": [
"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs"
],
"answer_start": [
504
]
} |
57327363b9d445190005eb39 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Eisenhower did provide France with bombers and non-combat personnel. After a few months with no success by the French, he added other aircraft to drop napalm for clearing purposes. Further requests for assistance from the French were agreed to but only on conditions Eisenhower knew were impossible to meet – allied part... | What arguably impossible conditions did Eisenhower set for further intervention on behalf of the French? | {
"text": [
"allied participation and congressional approval"
],
"answer_start": [
309
]
} |
573273bfe17f3d1400422993 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Eisenhower responded to the French defeat with the formation of the SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization) Alliance with the U.K., France, New Zealand and Australia in defense of Vietnam against communism. At that time the French and Chinese reconvened Geneva peace talks; Eisenhower agreed the U.S. would participat... | What is SEATO? | {
"text": [
"Southeast Asia Treaty Organization"
],
"answer_start": [
75
]
} |
573273bfe17f3d1400422994 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Eisenhower responded to the French defeat with the formation of the SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization) Alliance with the U.K., France, New Zealand and Australia in defense of Vietnam against communism. At that time the French and Chinese reconvened Geneva peace talks; Eisenhower agreed the U.S. would participat... | Along with the United States, the United Kingdom and France, who formed SEATO? | {
"text": [
"New Zealand and Australia"
],
"answer_start": [
143
]
} |
573273bfe17f3d1400422995 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Eisenhower responded to the French defeat with the formation of the SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization) Alliance with the U.K., France, New Zealand and Australia in defense of Vietnam against communism. At that time the French and Chinese reconvened Geneva peace talks; Eisenhower agreed the U.S. would participat... | What was the purpose of SEATO? | {
"text": [
"defense of Vietnam against communism"
],
"answer_start": [
172
]
} |
573273bfe17f3d1400422996 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Eisenhower responded to the French defeat with the formation of the SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization) Alliance with the U.K., France, New Zealand and Australia in defense of Vietnam against communism. At that time the French and Chinese reconvened Geneva peace talks; Eisenhower agreed the U.S. would participat... | What group did France split Vietnam with? | {
"text": [
"Communists"
],
"answer_start": [
364
]
} |
573273bfe17f3d1400422997 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Eisenhower responded to the French defeat with the formation of the SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization) Alliance with the U.K., France, New Zealand and Australia in defense of Vietnam against communism. At that time the French and Chinese reconvened Geneva peace talks; Eisenhower agreed the U.S. would participat... | Who met in peace talks with France at Geneva? | {
"text": [
"Chinese"
],
"answer_start": [
238
]
} |
573274070fdd8d15006c6ae5 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In late 1954, Gen. J. Lawton Collins was made ambassador to "Free Vietnam" (the term South Vietnam came into use in 1955), effectively elevating the country to sovereign status. Collins' instructions were to support the leader Ngo Dinh Diem in subverting communism, by helping him to build an army and wage a military ca... | What was South Vietnam called in 1955? | {
"text": [
"Free Vietnam"
],
"answer_start": [
61
]
} |
573274070fdd8d15006c6ae6 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In late 1954, Gen. J. Lawton Collins was made ambassador to "Free Vietnam" (the term South Vietnam came into use in 1955), effectively elevating the country to sovereign status. Collins' instructions were to support the leader Ngo Dinh Diem in subverting communism, by helping him to build an army and wage a military ca... | Who was the first ambassador to South Vietnam? | {
"text": [
"J. Lawton Collins"
],
"answer_start": [
19
]
} |
573274070fdd8d15006c6ae7 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In late 1954, Gen. J. Lawton Collins was made ambassador to "Free Vietnam" (the term South Vietnam came into use in 1955), effectively elevating the country to sovereign status. Collins' instructions were to support the leader Ngo Dinh Diem in subverting communism, by helping him to build an army and wage a military ca... | Who was the leader of South Vietnam in 1954? | {
"text": [
"Ngo Dinh Diem"
],
"answer_start": [
227
]
} |
573274070fdd8d15006c6ae8 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In late 1954, Gen. J. Lawton Collins was made ambassador to "Free Vietnam" (the term South Vietnam came into use in 1955), effectively elevating the country to sovereign status. Collins' instructions were to support the leader Ngo Dinh Diem in subverting communism, by helping him to build an army and wage a military ca... | When did Eisenhower first send military advisers to South Vietnam? | {
"text": [
"February 1955"
],
"answer_start": [
331
]
} |
573274070fdd8d15006c6ae9 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In late 1954, Gen. J. Lawton Collins was made ambassador to "Free Vietnam" (the term South Vietnam came into use in 1955), effectively elevating the country to sovereign status. Collins' instructions were to support the leader Ngo Dinh Diem in subverting communism, by helping him to build an army and wage a military ca... | Along with Free Vietnam, what was another term for South Vietnam? | {
"text": [
"Republic of Vietnam"
],
"answer_start": [
486
]
} |
573274500fdd8d15006c6aef | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In the years that followed, Eisenhower increased the number of U.S. military advisors in South Vietnam to 900 men. This was due to North Vietnam's support of "uprisings" in the south and concern the nation would fall. In May 1957 Diem, then President of South Vietnam, made a state visit to the United States for ten day... | How many soldiers did Eisenhower ultimately send to Vietnam? | {
"text": [
"900"
],
"answer_start": [
106
]
} |
573274500fdd8d15006c6af0 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In the years that followed, Eisenhower increased the number of U.S. military advisors in South Vietnam to 900 men. This was due to North Vietnam's support of "uprisings" in the south and concern the nation would fall. In May 1957 Diem, then President of South Vietnam, made a state visit to the United States for ten day... | How many days did the President of South Vietnam visit the US for in 1957? | {
"text": [
"ten"
],
"answer_start": [
313
]
} |
573274500fdd8d15006c6af1 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In the years that followed, Eisenhower increased the number of U.S. military advisors in South Vietnam to 900 men. This was due to North Vietnam's support of "uprisings" in the south and concern the nation would fall. In May 1957 Diem, then President of South Vietnam, made a state visit to the United States for ten day... | Where was a parade held for the President of South Vietnam? | {
"text": [
"New York City"
],
"answer_start": [
416
]
} |
573274500fdd8d15006c6af2 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In the years that followed, Eisenhower increased the number of U.S. military advisors in South Vietnam to 900 men. This was due to North Vietnam's support of "uprisings" in the south and concern the nation would fall. In May 1957 Diem, then President of South Vietnam, made a state visit to the United States for ten day... | Who was Secretary of State in 1957? | {
"text": [
"John Foster Dulles"
],
"answer_start": [
497
]
} |
573274500fdd8d15006c6af3 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In the years that followed, Eisenhower increased the number of U.S. military advisors in South Vietnam to 900 men. This was due to North Vietnam's support of "uprisings" in the south and concern the nation would fall. In May 1957 Diem, then President of South Vietnam, made a state visit to the United States for ten day... | According to Dulles, why was Diem made president of Vietnam? | {
"text": [
"there were no better alternatives"
],
"answer_start": [
561
]
} |
57327493e99e3014001e67c0 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | On May 1, 1960, a U.S. one-man U-2 spy plane was reportedly shot down at high altitude over Soviet Union airspace. The flight was made to gain photo intelligence before the scheduled opening of an East–West summit conference, which had been scheduled in Paris, 15 days later. Captain Francis Gary Powers had bailed out o... | When was a U-2 downed over the Soviet Union? | {
"text": [
"May 1, 1960"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
57327493e99e3014001e67c2 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | On May 1, 1960, a U.S. one-man U-2 spy plane was reportedly shot down at high altitude over Soviet Union airspace. The flight was made to gain photo intelligence before the scheduled opening of an East–West summit conference, which had been scheduled in Paris, 15 days later. Captain Francis Gary Powers had bailed out o... | What was the downed U-2 gathering intelligence in advance of? | {
"text": [
"East–West summit conference"
],
"answer_start": [
197
]
} |
57327493e99e3014001e67c3 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | On May 1, 1960, a U.S. one-man U-2 spy plane was reportedly shot down at high altitude over Soviet Union airspace. The flight was made to gain photo intelligence before the scheduled opening of an East–West summit conference, which had been scheduled in Paris, 15 days later. Captain Francis Gary Powers had bailed out o... | Where was the East-West summit to have taken place? | {
"text": [
"Paris"
],
"answer_start": [
254
]
} |
57327493e99e3014001e67c4 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | On May 1, 1960, a U.S. one-man U-2 spy plane was reportedly shot down at high altitude over Soviet Union airspace. The flight was made to gain photo intelligence before the scheduled opening of an East–West summit conference, which had been scheduled in Paris, 15 days later. Captain Francis Gary Powers had bailed out o... | What was the rank of the pilot of the downed U-2? | {
"text": [
"Captain"
],
"answer_start": [
276
]
} |
57327cb4e99e3014001e67e4 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev announced that a "spy-plane" had been shot down but intentionally made no reference to the pilot. As a result, the Eisenhower Administration, thinking the pilot had died in the crash, authorized the release of a cover story claiming that the plane was a "weather research aircraft" which... | What did the Eisenhower administration refer to the downed U-2 as? | {
"text": [
"weather research aircraft"
],
"answer_start": [
288
]
} |
57327cb4e99e3014001e67e5 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev announced that a "spy-plane" had been shot down but intentionally made no reference to the pilot. As a result, the Eisenhower Administration, thinking the pilot had died in the crash, authorized the release of a cover story claiming that the plane was a "weather research aircraft" which... | Where did the Eisenhower administration say that the downed U-2 was intended to be flying? | {
"text": [
"Turkey"
],
"answer_start": [
457
]
} |
57327cb4e99e3014001e67e6 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev announced that a "spy-plane" had been shot down but intentionally made no reference to the pilot. As a result, the Eisenhower Administration, thinking the pilot had died in the crash, authorized the release of a cover story claiming that the plane was a "weather research aircraft" which... | According to the cover story, what did the "weather research" pilot have trouble with? | {
"text": [
"oxygen equipment"
],
"answer_start": [
421
]
} |
57327cb4e99e3014001e67e7 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev announced that a "spy-plane" had been shot down but intentionally made no reference to the pilot. As a result, the Eisenhower Administration, thinking the pilot had died in the crash, authorized the release of a cover story claiming that the plane was a "weather research aircraft" which... | What happened to Powers in the Soviet Union? | {
"text": [
"trial"
],
"answer_start": [
499
]
} |
57327cb4e99e3014001e67e8 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev announced that a "spy-plane" had been shot down but intentionally made no reference to the pilot. As a result, the Eisenhower Administration, thinking the pilot had died in the crash, authorized the release of a cover story claiming that the plane was a "weather research aircraft" which... | What did Khrushchev refer to the U-2 as? | {
"text": [
"spy-plane"
],
"answer_start": [
51
]
} |
57327d1a0fdd8d15006c6b11 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | The 1960 Four Power Paris Summit between President Dwight Eisenhower, Nikita Khrushchev, Harold Macmillan and Charles de Gaulle collapsed because of the incident. Eisenhower refused to accede to Khrushchev's demands that he apologize. Therefore, Khrushchev would not take part in the summit. Up until this event, Eisenho... | Along with Eisenhower, Macmillan and de Gaulle, what leader attended the Four Powers Paris Summit? | {
"text": [
"Nikita Khrushchev"
],
"answer_start": [
70
]
} |
57327d1a0fdd8d15006c6b12 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | The 1960 Four Power Paris Summit between President Dwight Eisenhower, Nikita Khrushchev, Harold Macmillan and Charles de Gaulle collapsed because of the incident. Eisenhower refused to accede to Khrushchev's demands that he apologize. Therefore, Khrushchev would not take part in the summit. Up until this event, Eisenho... | What did Khrushchev demand that Eisenhower do? | {
"text": [
"apologize"
],
"answer_start": [
224
]
} |
57327d1a0fdd8d15006c6b13 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | The 1960 Four Power Paris Summit between President Dwight Eisenhower, Nikita Khrushchev, Harold Macmillan and Charles de Gaulle collapsed because of the incident. Eisenhower refused to accede to Khrushchev's demands that he apologize. Therefore, Khrushchev would not take part in the summit. Up until this event, Eisenho... | Along with reducing nuclear weapons, what was to have been the topic of conversation at the Four Power Paris Summit? | {
"text": [
"Berlin"
],
"answer_start": [
432
]
} |
57327d1a0fdd8d15006c6b14 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | The 1960 Four Power Paris Summit between President Dwight Eisenhower, Nikita Khrushchev, Harold Macmillan and Charles de Gaulle collapsed because of the incident. Eisenhower refused to accede to Khrushchev's demands that he apologize. Therefore, Khrushchev would not take part in the summit. Up until this event, Eisenho... | What did Eisenhower blame for ruining the summit? | {
"text": [
"stupid U-2 business"
],
"answer_start": [
540
]
} |
57327d1a0fdd8d15006c6b15 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | The 1960 Four Power Paris Summit between President Dwight Eisenhower, Nikita Khrushchev, Harold Macmillan and Charles de Gaulle collapsed because of the incident. Eisenhower refused to accede to Khrushchev's demands that he apologize. Therefore, Khrushchev would not take part in the summit. Up until this event, Eisenho... | In what year was the Four Power Paris Summit intended to take place? | {
"text": [
"1960"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
57327d740fdd8d15006c6b1b | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | While President Truman had begun the process of desegregating the Armed Forces in 1948, actual implementation had been slow. Eisenhower made clear his stance in his first State of the Union address in February 1953, saying "I propose to use whatever authority exists in the office of the President to end segregation in ... | Which president initially began to desegregate the US military? | {
"text": [
"Truman"
],
"answer_start": [
16
]
} |
57327d740fdd8d15006c6b1c | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | While President Truman had begun the process of desegregating the Armed Forces in 1948, actual implementation had been slow. Eisenhower made clear his stance in his first State of the Union address in February 1953, saying "I propose to use whatever authority exists in the office of the President to end segregation in ... | When did the desegregation of the United States Armed Forces begin? | {
"text": [
"1948"
],
"answer_start": [
82
]
} |
57327d740fdd8d15006c6b1d | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | While President Truman had begun the process of desegregating the Armed Forces in 1948, actual implementation had been slow. Eisenhower made clear his stance in his first State of the Union address in February 1953, saying "I propose to use whatever authority exists in the office of the President to end segregation in ... | When did Eisenhower deliver his first State of the Union? | {
"text": [
"February 1953"
],
"answer_start": [
201
]
} |
57327d740fdd8d15006c6b1e | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | While President Truman had begun the process of desegregating the Armed Forces in 1948, actual implementation had been slow. Eisenhower made clear his stance in his first State of the Union address in February 1953, saying "I propose to use whatever authority exists in the office of the President to end segregation in ... | What control did Eisenhower use to push through desegregation? | {
"text": [
"military spending"
],
"answer_start": [
502
]
} |
57327d740fdd8d15006c6b1f | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | While President Truman had begun the process of desegregating the Armed Forces in 1948, actual implementation had been slow. Eisenhower made clear his stance in his first State of the Union address in February 1953, saying "I propose to use whatever authority exists in the office of the President to end segregation in ... | In what geographical area did Eisenhower promise to end desegregation in his State of the Union address? | {
"text": [
"District of Columbia"
],
"answer_start": [
324
]
} |
57327dd5b3a91d1900202da9 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Eisenhower told District of Columbia officials to make Washington a model for the rest of the country in integrating black and white public school children. He proposed to Congress the Civil Rights Act of 1957 and of 1960 and signed those acts into law. The 1957 act for the first time established a permanent civil righ... | Who did Eisenhower tell DC officials to integrate? | {
"text": [
"school children"
],
"answer_start": [
140
]
} |
57327dd5b3a91d1900202daa | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Eisenhower told District of Columbia officials to make Washington a model for the rest of the country in integrating black and white public school children. He proposed to Congress the Civil Rights Act of 1957 and of 1960 and signed those acts into law. The 1957 act for the first time established a permanent civil righ... | What was the first civil rights act proposed to Congress by Eisenhower? | {
"text": [
"Civil Rights Act of 1957"
],
"answer_start": [
185
]
} |
57327dd5b3a91d1900202dab | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Eisenhower told District of Columbia officials to make Washington a model for the rest of the country in integrating black and white public school children. He proposed to Congress the Civil Rights Act of 1957 and of 1960 and signed those acts into law. The 1957 act for the first time established a permanent civil righ... | In what year did Eisenhower propose his second civil rights act? | {
"text": [
"1960"
],
"answer_start": [
217
]
} |
57327dd5b3a91d1900202dac | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Eisenhower told District of Columbia officials to make Washington a model for the rest of the country in integrating black and white public school children. He proposed to Congress the Civil Rights Act of 1957 and of 1960 and signed those acts into law. The 1957 act for the first time established a permanent civil righ... | What sort of commission did the Civil Rights Act of 1957 establish? | {
"text": [
"Civil Rights Commission"
],
"answer_start": [
366
]
} |
57327dd5b3a91d1900202dad | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Eisenhower told District of Columbia officials to make Washington a model for the rest of the country in integrating black and white public school children. He proposed to Congress the Civil Rights Act of 1957 and of 1960 and signed those acts into law. The 1957 act for the first time established a permanent civil righ... | Under the Civil Rights Act of 1957, what federal department contained a civil rights office? | {
"text": [
"Justice"
],
"answer_start": [
341
]
} |
57327e2db3a91d1900202db3 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In 1957, the state of Arkansas refused to honor a federal court order to integrate their public school system stemming from the Brown decision. Eisenhower demanded that Arkansas governor Orval Faubus obey the court order. When Faubus balked, the president placed the Arkansas National Guard under federal control and sen... | What state refused to integrate its schools in 1957? | {
"text": [
"Arkansas"
],
"answer_start": [
22
]
} |
57327e2db3a91d1900202db4 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In 1957, the state of Arkansas refused to honor a federal court order to integrate their public school system stemming from the Brown decision. Eisenhower demanded that Arkansas governor Orval Faubus obey the court order. When Faubus balked, the president placed the Arkansas National Guard under federal control and sen... | What military unit was sent from outside of Arkansas to oversee desegregation? | {
"text": [
"101st Airborne Division"
],
"answer_start": [
329
]
} |
57327e2db3a91d1900202db5 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In 1957, the state of Arkansas refused to honor a federal court order to integrate their public school system stemming from the Brown decision. Eisenhower demanded that Arkansas governor Orval Faubus obey the court order. When Faubus balked, the president placed the Arkansas National Guard under federal control and sen... | What Arkansas militia unit did Eisenhower federalize in 1957? | {
"text": [
"Arkansas National Guard"
],
"answer_start": [
267
]
} |
57327e2db3a91d1900202db6 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In 1957, the state of Arkansas refused to honor a federal court order to integrate their public school system stemming from the Brown decision. Eisenhower demanded that Arkansas governor Orval Faubus obey the court order. When Faubus balked, the president placed the Arkansas National Guard under federal control and sen... | Who was the governor of Arkansas in 1957? | {
"text": [
"Orval Faubus"
],
"answer_start": [
187
]
} |
57327e2db3a91d1900202db7 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In 1957, the state of Arkansas refused to honor a federal court order to integrate their public school system stemming from the Brown decision. Eisenhower demanded that Arkansas governor Orval Faubus obey the court order. When Faubus balked, the president placed the Arkansas National Guard under federal control and sen... | How many black students were escorted by the 101st Airborne to Little Rock Central High School? | {
"text": [
"nine"
],
"answer_start": [
382
]
} |
57327e83b3a91d1900202dbd | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | This prevented Eisenhower from openly condemning Joseph McCarthy's highly criticized methods against communism. To facilitate relations with Congress, Eisenhower decided to ignore McCarthy's controversies and thereby deprive them of more energy from involvement of the White House. This position drew criticism from a nu... | In what year did Joseph McCarthy declare that the federal government was employing communists? | {
"text": [
"1953"
],
"answer_start": [
345
]
} |
57327e83b3a91d1900202dbe | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | This prevented Eisenhower from openly condemning Joseph McCarthy's highly criticized methods against communism. To facilitate relations with Congress, Eisenhower decided to ignore McCarthy's controversies and thereby deprive them of more energy from involvement of the White House. This position drew criticism from a nu... | What did Eisenhower do when he was encouraged to respond to McCarthy's accusations? | {
"text": [
"he refused"
],
"answer_start": [
659
]
} |
57327e83b3a91d1900202dbf | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | This prevented Eisenhower from openly condemning Joseph McCarthy's highly criticized methods against communism. To facilitate relations with Congress, Eisenhower decided to ignore McCarthy's controversies and thereby deprive them of more energy from involvement of the White House. This position drew criticism from a nu... | Why did Eisenhower ignore McCarthy? | {
"text": [
"facilitate relations with Congress"
],
"answer_start": [
115
]
} |
57327ee0b3a91d1900202dc3 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Among Ike's objectives in not directly confronting McCarthy was to prevent McCarthy from dragging the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) into McCarthy's witch hunt for communists, which would interfere with, and perhaps delay, the AEC's important work on H-bombs. The administration had discovered through its own investigat... | What organization did Eisenhower want to keep from being one of McCarthy's targets? | {
"text": [
"Atomic Energy Commission"
],
"answer_start": [
102
]
} |
57327ee0b3a91d1900202dc4 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Among Ike's objectives in not directly confronting McCarthy was to prevent McCarthy from dragging the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) into McCarthy's witch hunt for communists, which would interfere with, and perhaps delay, the AEC's important work on H-bombs. The administration had discovered through its own investigat... | What was the AEC working on at this time? | {
"text": [
"H-bombs"
],
"answer_start": [
251
]
} |
57327ee0b3a91d1900202dc5 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Among Ike's objectives in not directly confronting McCarthy was to prevent McCarthy from dragging the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) into McCarthy's witch hunt for communists, which would interfere with, and perhaps delay, the AEC's important work on H-bombs. The administration had discovered through its own investigat... | What AEC scientists counseled delaying the development of the hydrogen bomb? | {
"text": [
"J. Robert Oppenheimer"
],
"answer_start": [
372
]
} |
57327ee0b3a91d1900202dc6 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Among Ike's objectives in not directly confronting McCarthy was to prevent McCarthy from dragging the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) into McCarthy's witch hunt for communists, which would interfere with, and perhaps delay, the AEC's important work on H-bombs. The administration had discovered through its own investigat... | What did Eisenhower do to Oppenheimer after he said that the hydrogen bomb should be delayed? | {
"text": [
"removed him from the agency and revoked his security clearance"
],
"answer_start": [
449
]
} |
57327f4a06a3a419008aca93 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In May 1955, McCarthy threatened to issue subpoenas to White House personnel. Eisenhower was furious, and issued an order as follows: "It is essential to efficient and effective administration that employees of the Executive Branch be in a position to be completely candid in advising with each other on official matters... | What did McCarthy threaten to do in May of 1955? | {
"text": [
"issue subpoenas to White House personnel"
],
"answer_start": [
36
]
} |
57327f4a06a3a419008aca94 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In May 1955, McCarthy threatened to issue subpoenas to White House personnel. Eisenhower was furious, and issued an order as follows: "It is essential to efficient and effective administration that employees of the Executive Branch be in a position to be completely candid in advising with each other on official matters... | What tradition was fostered by Eisenhower's reaction to McCarthy's subpoena threats? | {
"text": [
"executive privilege"
],
"answer_start": [
631
]
} |
57327f4a06a3a419008aca95 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In May 1955, McCarthy threatened to issue subpoenas to White House personnel. Eisenhower was furious, and issued an order as follows: "It is essential to efficient and effective administration that employees of the Executive Branch be in a position to be completely candid in advising with each other on official matters... | Eisenhower denied McCarthy access to the personnel of what branch of the federal government? | {
"text": [
"Executive"
],
"answer_start": [
215
]
} |
57327f92b3a91d1900202dcb | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | The Democrats gained a majority in both houses in the 1954 election. Eisenhower had to work with the Democratic Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson (later U.S. president) in the Senate and Speaker Sam Rayburn in the House, both from Texas. Joe Martin, the Republican Speaker from 1947 to 1949 and again from 1953 to 1955, ... | Who won a Senate majority in 1954? | {
"text": [
"Democrats"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
57327f92b3a91d1900202dcc | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | The Democrats gained a majority in both houses in the 1954 election. Eisenhower had to work with the Democratic Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson (later U.S. president) in the Senate and Speaker Sam Rayburn in the House, both from Texas. Joe Martin, the Republican Speaker from 1947 to 1949 and again from 1953 to 1955, ... | After the 1954 election, who was the Speaker of the House? | {
"text": [
"Sam Rayburn"
],
"answer_start": [
195
]
} |
57327f92b3a91d1900202dcd | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | The Democrats gained a majority in both houses in the 1954 election. Eisenhower had to work with the Democratic Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson (later U.S. president) in the Senate and Speaker Sam Rayburn in the House, both from Texas. Joe Martin, the Republican Speaker from 1947 to 1949 and again from 1953 to 1955, ... | Who was made Senate Majority Leader after the 1954 election? | {
"text": [
"Lyndon B. Johnson"
],
"answer_start": [
128
]
} |
57327f92b3a91d1900202dce | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | The Democrats gained a majority in both houses in the 1954 election. Eisenhower had to work with the Democratic Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson (later U.S. president) in the Senate and Speaker Sam Rayburn in the House, both from Texas. Joe Martin, the Republican Speaker from 1947 to 1949 and again from 1953 to 1955, ... | What state were Johnson and Rayburn from? | {
"text": [
"Texas"
],
"answer_start": [
231
]
} |
57327f92b3a91d1900202dcf | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | The Democrats gained a majority in both houses in the 1954 election. Eisenhower had to work with the Democratic Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson (later U.S. president) in the Senate and Speaker Sam Rayburn in the House, both from Texas. Joe Martin, the Republican Speaker from 1947 to 1949 and again from 1953 to 1955, ... | Who was Speaker of the House between 1953 and 1955? | {
"text": [
"Joe Martin"
],
"answer_start": [
238
]
} |
57328011b3a91d1900202dd5 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Speaker Martin concluded that Eisenhower worked too much through subordinates in dealing with Congress, with results, "often the reverse of what he has desired" because Members of Congress, "resent having some young fellow who was picked up by the White House without ever having been elected to office himself coming ar... | What did Martin think Eisenhower did too much of in his relations with Congress? | {
"text": [
"worked too much through subordinates"
],
"answer_start": [
41
]
} |
57328011b3a91d1900202dd6 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Speaker Martin concluded that Eisenhower worked too much through subordinates in dealing with Congress, with results, "often the reverse of what he has desired" because Members of Congress, "resent having some young fellow who was picked up by the White House without ever having been elected to office himself coming ar... | As a result of Eisenhower's actions toward Congress, what did Martin think Congress often gave him? | {
"text": [
"reverse of what he has desired"
],
"answer_start": [
129
]
} |
57328011b3a91d1900202dd7 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Speaker Martin concluded that Eisenhower worked too much through subordinates in dealing with Congress, with results, "often the reverse of what he has desired" because Members of Congress, "resent having some young fellow who was picked up by the White House without ever having been elected to office himself coming ar... | Who did Martin think Eisenhower should have made better use of? | {
"text": [
"Republicans of consequence"
],
"answer_start": [
408
]
} |
5732806657eb1f1400fd2d40 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Whittaker was unsuited for the role and soon retired. Stewart and Harlan were conservative Republicans, while Brennan was a Democrat who became a leading voice for liberalism. In selecting a Chief Justice, Eisenhower looked for an experienced jurist who could appeal to liberals in the party as well as law-and-order con... | What were Harlan and Stewart's party affiliations? | {
"text": [
"Republicans"
],
"answer_start": [
91
]
} |
5732806657eb1f1400fd2d41 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Whittaker was unsuited for the role and soon retired. Stewart and Harlan were conservative Republicans, while Brennan was a Democrat who became a leading voice for liberalism. In selecting a Chief Justice, Eisenhower looked for an experienced jurist who could appeal to liberals in the party as well as law-and-order con... | What party did Brennan belong to? | {
"text": [
"Democrat"
],
"answer_start": [
124
]
} |
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