source_doi stringlengths 13 57 | source_mag_paper_id int64 490k 157M | source_abstract stringlengths 8 10.7k | target_doi stringlengths 14 27 | target_summary stringlengths 42 889 |
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10.1073/pnas.87.11.4115 | 17,620,301 | Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA) are in the circulation of most patients with pauci-immune necrotizing vasculitis and pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis. The current study demonstrates an effect of these autoantibodies on neutrophil function in vitro. ANCA cause normal human neutrophils to unde... | 10.1038/s41572-020-0204-y | This study links ANCAs to the pathogenesis of AAV by demonstrating that ANCAs activate neutrophils in vitro |
10.1681/asn.2015050511 | 20,851,050 | A specific biomarker that can separate active renal vasculitis from other causes of renal dysfunction is lacking, with a kidney biopsy often being required. Soluble CD163 (sCD163), shed by monocytes and macrophages, has been reported as a potential biomarker in diseases associated with excessive macrophage activation. ... | 10.1038/s41572-020-0204-y | This study identifies soluble urinary CD163 as a potential biomarker for renal flares of AAV |
10.3899/jrheum.190113 | 67,584,772 | Objective. Fatigue is common and burdensome in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitis (AAV). This study aimed to understand how fatigue changes over time following treatment initiation and to determine whether individuals with the poorest prognosis can be robustly identified. Methods. One hundred for... | 10.1038/s41572-020-0204-y | This study defines the incidence and time course of fatigue, an important symptom for patients with AAV |
10.1126/science.aaw2622 | 41,496,097 | Reversing brain aging may be possible through systemic interventions such as exercise. We found that administration of circulating blood factors in plasma from exercised aged mice transferred the effects of exercise on adult neurogenesis and cognition to sedentary aged mice. Plasma concentrations of glycosylphosphatidy... | 10.1038/s41593-022-01238-8 | The beneficial effects of exercise during old age can be transferred through blood plasma and the liver-derived systemic enzyme GPLD1 |
10.1126/science.1251141 | 82,693,128 | Help the Aged Muscle function declines with age, as does neurogenesis in certain brain regions. Two teams analyzed the effects of heterochronic parabiosis in mice. Sinha et al. (p. 649 ) found that when an aged mouse shares a circulatory system with a youthful mouse, the aged mouse sees improved muscle function, and Ka... | 10.1038/s41593-022-01238-8 | GDF11 treatment enhances vascular function and neurogenesis in the aged SVZ |
10.20900/immunometab20210034 | 126,642,324 | Abstract Research led by Katrin Andreasson suggests that fixing age-induced metabolic defects in myeloid cells would suffice to reverse cognitive impairment and to restore synaptic plasticity to the level of young subjects, at least in mice. This opens up the possibility to develop rejuvenating strategies by targeting ... | 10.1038/s41593-022-01238-8 | Targeting EP2 signaling in aged peripheral myeloid cells reduces systemic and brain inflammatory states and enhances synaptic plasticity and cognitive functions in aged animals |
10.1038/s42003-019-0298-5 | 62,321,887 | Abstract Restoration of cognitive function in old mice by transfer of blood or plasma from young mice has been attributed to reduced C–C motif chemokine ligand 11 (CCL11) and β2-microglobulin, which are thought to suppress neurogenesis in the aging brain. However, the specific role of the hematopoietic system in this r... | 10.1038/s41593-022-01238-8 | This study used heterochronic bone marrow transplantation to rejuvenate the aged brain |
10.1084/jem.20171320 | 17,592,811 | That osteocalcin (OCN) is necessary for hippocampal-dependent memory and to prevent anxiety-like behaviors raises novel questions. One question is to determine whether OCN is also sufficient to improve these behaviors in wild-type mice, when circulating levels of OCN decline as they do with age. Here we show that the p... | 10.1038/s41593-022-01238-8 | This study identified osteocalcin as a bone-derived rejuvenating factor in young blood |
10.1126/science.1173635 | 20,618,281 | Starved to Life? Caloric restriction—reducing the calories ingested by around 30% of that of a normal, fit individual—leads to substantial increases in life span in experimental animals. In an extensive study of caloric restriction in primates, Colman et al. (p. 201 ) report that rhesus monkeys, which were subjected to... | 10.1038/s41593-022-01238-8 | This seminal study demonstrates the benefits that caloric restriction has on lifespan and age-associated brain atrophy in rhesus macaques |
10.1126/science.aat1022 | 41,568,359 | The binding of DNA to cyclic GMP–AMP synthase (cGAS) leads to the production of the secondary messenger cyclic GMP–AMP (cGAMP), which activates innate immune responses. We have shown that DNA binding to cGAS robustly induced the formation of liquidlike droplets in which cGAS was activated. The disordered and positively... | 10.1038/s41580-020-00303-z | This paper demonstrates the formation of phase-separated cGAS condensates upon introduction of double-stranded DNA, leading to enhanced cGAS production |
10.1126/science.aad9964 | 125,065,878 | Phase separation organizes signaling In T cell receptors, signaling molecules reorganize into tiny phase-separated droplets—like oil in water. Su et al. used an in vitro system with artificial membranes and 12 components of the T cell receptor signaling system to closely monitor the role of these molecular clusters (se... | 10.1038/s41580-020-00303-z | This paper demonstrates that the core TCR signalling components phase-separate in vitro and the clustering induces localized actin polymerization |
10.1126/science.aau5721 | 38,216,459 | The guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Son of Sevenless (SOS) is a key Ras activator that is autoinhibited in the cytosol and activates upon membrane recruitment. Autoinhibition release involves structural rearrangements of the protein at the membrane and thus introduces a delay between initial recruitment and ac... | 10.1038/s41580-020-00303-z | Together with Case et al. (2019), this paper demonstrates how the dwell time of molecules within membrane-associated condensates can lead to increased activity through a kinetic proofreading mechanism |
10.1126/science.aax4240 | 82,868,799 | Membraneless organelles involved in RNA processing are biomolecular condensates assembled by phase separation. Despite the important role of intrinsically disordered protein regions (IDRs), the specific interactions underlying IDR phase separation and its functional consequences remain elusive. To address these questio... | 10.1038/s41580-020-00303-z | This paper shows a counter-intuitive acceleration of a reaction in a multiphase condensate where the enzyme and substrate are substantially enriched in the different phases |
10.1126/science.aaw9157 | 20,807,320 | The nuclear proteome is rich in stress-sensitive proteins, which suggests that effective protein quality control mechanisms are in place to ensure conformational maintenance. We investigated the role of the nucleolus in this process. In mammalian tissue culture cells under stress conditions, misfolded proteins entered ... | 10.1038/s41580-020-00303-z | This paper identifies a novel, molecular-scale activity of the nucleolus in regulating the folding state of nuclear proteins under heat stress |
10.1126/science.aav6691 | 20,845,182 | Expression of proteins inside cells is noisy, causing variability in protein concentration among identical cells. A central problem in cellular control is how cells cope with this inherent noise. Compartmentalization of proteins through phase separation has been suggested as a potential mechanism to reduce noise, but s... | 10.1038/s41580-020-00303-z | This paper provides theoretical and experimental evidence that phase separation may provide a means of reducing fluctuations in protein concentration, thereby increasing robustness of cellular processes |
10.1073/pnas.1615395114 | 2,649,520 | Membraneless organelles play a central role in the organization of protoplasm by concentrating macromolecules, which allows efficient cellular processes. Recent studies have shown that, in vitro, certain components in such organelles can assemble through phase separation. Inside the cell, however, such organelles are m... | 10.1038/s41580-020-00303-z | This paper demonstrates that both thermodynamic processes, such as phase separation, and active processes contribute to nucleolus assembly |
10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01566.x | 38,279,418 | Summary 1. While the relationship between facilitation and competition has been explored extensively in recent years, there is also a natural link between facilitation and mutualism, as both are interspecific interactions that confer benefits. Yet, the relationship between these two interactions has been minimally expl... | 10.1038/s41467-018-06779-w | Review article postulating the importance of evolution for facilitation among plants |
10.1111/ele.12076 | 125,215,034 | Abstract Infections that consist of multiple parasite strains or species are common in the wild and are a major public health concern. Theory suggests that these infections have a key influence on the evolution of infectious diseases and, more specifically, on virulence evolution. However, we still lack an overall visi... | 10.1038/s41467-018-06779-w | Review article synthesising the theoretical and experimental consequences of competition between symbionts in multiple infections |
10.1038/ncomms13430 | 17,857,015 | Abstract Microbes that protect their hosts from pathogens are widespread in nature and are attractive disease control agents. Given that pathogen adaptation to barriers against infection can drive changes in pathogen virulence, ‘defensive microbes’ may shape disease severity. Here we show that co-evolving a microbe wit... | 10.1038/s41467-018-06779-w | Experimental study showing that coevolution between different bacterial species can select for reduced virulence |
10.1111/ele.12639 | 4,726,731 | Abstract A major challenge in disease ecology is to understand how co‐infecting parasite species interact. We manipulate in vivo resources and immunity to explain interactions between two rodent malaria parasites, Plasmodium chabaudi and P. yoelii . These species have analogous resource‐use strategies to the human para... | 10.1038/s41467-018-06779-w | Experimental and theoretical study showing that facilitation between different species of malaria increases virulence in multiply infected hosts, and that facilitation can increase the prevalence of the facilitated species |
10.1073/pnas.0707221105 | 39,948,664 | Coinfection of a host by multiple parasite species has important epidemiological and clinical implications. However, the direction and magnitude of effects vary considerably among systems, and, until now, there has been no general framework within which to explain this variation. Community ecology has great potential f... | 10.1038/s41467-018-06779-w | Metaanalysis showing how ressource- and immune-mediated mechanisms mediate facilitative, neutral or competitive interactions across a broad spectrum of parasite taxa in laboratory mice |
10.1111/jeb.13280 | 41,564,482 | Abstract Many components of host–parasite interactions have been shown to affect the way virulence (i.e. parasite‐induced harm to the host) evolves. However, coevolution of multiple parasite traits is often neglected. We explore how an immunosuppressive adaptation of parasites affects and coevolves with virulence in mu... | 10.1038/s41467-018-06779-w | Theoretical study showing that simultaneous facilitation (aiding infection) and competition (for shared host resources) between parasites can select for elevated virulence |
10.1111/head.13223 | 19,194,378 | Objective To investigate differences in cortical thickness in patients with persistent post‐traumatic headache (PPTH) relative to healthy controls and to interrogate whether cortical morphology relates to headache burden (headache frequency, years with post‐traumatic headache, PTH) in patients with PPTH. Background PTH... | 10.1038/s41582-019-0243-8 | This MRI study investigated differences in cortical thickness between patients with PTH and healthy controls |
10.1126/science.aaf2693 | 41,531,100 | A dietary supplement protects aging muscle The oxidized form of cellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ) is critical for mitochondrial function, and its supplementation can lead to increased longevity. Zhang et al. found that feeding the NAD + precursor nicotinamide riboside (NR) to aging mice protected them... | 10.1038/s41580-018-0020-3 | This study shows that treatment with NAD + precursor nicotinamide riboside improves stem cell function and prevents their senescence in ageing by enhancing mitochondrial quality. |
10.1101/gr.200535.115 | 41,564,162 | The complex language of eukaryotic gene expression remains incompletely understood. Despite the importance suggested by many noncoding variants statistically associated with human disease, nearly all such variants have unknown mechanisms. Here, we address this challenge using an approach based on a recent machine learn... | 10.1038/s41576-019-0122-6 | This paper describes the application of a deep CNN to predict chromatin accessibility in 164 cell types from DNA sequence |
10.1101/gr.227819.117 | 20,753,642 | Models for predicting phenotypic outcomes from genotypes have important applications to understanding genomic function and improving human health. Here, we develop a machine-learning system to predict cell-type–specific epigenetic and transcriptional profiles in large mammalian genomes from DNA sequence alone. By use o... | 10.1038/s41576-019-0122-6 | In this paper, a deep CNN was trained to predict more than 4,000 genomic measurements including gene expression as measured by cap analysis of gene expression (CAGE) for every 150 bp in the genome using a receptive field of 32 kb |
10.1101/375345 | 55,294,456 | Abstract Advanced machine learning models applied to large-scale genomics datasets hold the promise to be major drivers for genome science. Once trained, such models can serve as a tool to probe the relationships between data modalities, including the effect of genetic variants on phenotype. However, lack of standardiz... | 10.1038/s41576-019-0122-6 | This paper describes a platform to exchange trained predictive models in genomics including deep neural networks |
10.1101/103663 | 125,326,475 | Deep learning approaches that have produced breakthrough predictive models in computer vision, speech recognition and machine translation are now being successfully applied to problems in regulatory genomics. However, deep learning architectures used thus far in genomics are often directly ported from computer vision a... | 10.1038/s41576-019-0122-6 | This paper introduces DeepLIFT, a neural network interpretation method that highlights inputs most influential for the prediction |
10.1073/pnas.0914117107 | 41,117,422 | Deposition of high- κ dielectrics onto graphene is of significant challenge due to the difficulties of nucleating high quality oxide on pristine graphene without introducing defects into the monolayer of carbon lattice. Previous efforts to deposit high- κ dielectrics on graphene often resulted in significant degradatio... | 10.1038/s41586-019-1013-x | This study first demonstrated vdW integration as a damage-free approach for graphene–dielectric integration with a pristine interface and retained electronic performance |
10.1073/pnas.0502848102 | 83,442,468 | We report free-standing atomic crystals that are strictly 2D and can be viewed as individual atomic planes pulled out of bulk crystals or as unrolled single-wall nanotubes. By using micromechanical cleavage, we have prepared and studied a variety of 2D crystals including single layers of boron nitride, graphite, severa... | 10.1038/s41586-019-1013-x | This work first demonstrated the exfoliation of various 2D crystals other than graphene |
10.1126/science.1218461 | 123,073,898 | Tunnel Barriers for Graphene Transistors Transistor operation for integrated circuits not only requires that the gate material has high-charge carrier mobility, but that there is also an effective way of creating a barrier to current flow so that the device can be switched off and not waste power. Graphene offers high ... | 10.1038/s41586-019-1013-x | This study demonstrated the first vertical tunnelling transistor from 2D/2D vdW heterostructures |
10.1073/pnas.1205696109 | 61,833,437 | Graphene has attracted enormous attention for radio-frequency transistor applications because of its exceptional high carrier mobility, high carrier saturation velocity, and large critical current density. Herein we report a new approach for the scalable fabrication of high-performance graphene transistors with transfe... | 10.1038/s41586-019-1013-x | This paper presented the first scalable vdW integration of a lithographically defined 1D gate array and 2D graphene with minimized interface damage to enable the construction of a high-speed transistor array |
10.1093/plphys/kiaa061 | 123,615,584 | Abstract Stomata are small pores on the surface of land plants that facilitate gas exchange for photosynthesis while minimizing water loss. The function of stomata is pivotal for plant growth and survival. Intensive research on the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) has discovered key peptide signaling path... | 10.1038/s41477-022-01334-4 | A Review article presenting a list of key regulators of stomatal development in A. thaliana and a global view of the regulatory network in which they are involved. |
10.1126/science.aad8670 | 125,247,953 | Microglia development follows a stepwise program Microglia are cells that defend the central nervous system. However, because they migrate into the brain during development, the changes that they undergo, including those that affect gene expression, have been difficult to document. Matcovitch-Natan et al. transcription... | 10.1038/s41577-020-00487-7 | In this study, microglia were isolated throughout development and bulk and single-cell RNA-seq, ATAC-seq and ChIP-seq were conducted, together identifying three distinct stages of microglial development |
10.1523/jneurosci.3441-12.2013 | 20,382,210 | Neurogenesis must be properly regulated to ensure that cell production does not exceed the requirements of the growing cerebral cortex, yet our understanding of mechanisms that restrain neuron production remains incomplete. We investigated the function of microglial cells in the developing cerebral cortex of prenatal a... | 10.1038/s41577-020-00487-7 | This work finds that microglia colonize proliferative zones during neurogenesis and phagocytose neural precursor cells, demonstrating that microglia contribute to the size of the progenitor pool |
10.1038/ncomms12540 | 125,311,739 | Abstract Microglia are the immune cells of the central nervous system that play important roles in brain pathologies. Microglia also help shape neuronal circuits during development, via phagocytosing weak synapses and regulating neurogenesis. Using in vivo multiphoton imaging of layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons in the devel... | 10.1038/s41577-020-00487-7 | Using in vivo live imaging, the authors of this study observe that microglial contact with dendrites induces filopodia formation, whereas ablation of microglia decreases spine density and alters synaptic function |
10.1038/s41467-018-03566-5 | 20,828,928 | Abstract Microglia are highly motile glial cells that are proposed to mediate synaptic pruning during neuronal circuit formation. Disruption of signaling between microglia and neurons leads to an excess of immature synaptic connections, thought to be the result of impaired phagocytosis of synapses by microglia. However... | 10.1038/s41577-020-00487-7 | This study uses a combination of confocal and electron microscopy approaches to study microglia–synapse interactions and finds that microglia ‘nibble’ pre-synaptic and post-synaptic structures and that their contact induces filopodia formation on neuronal spines |
10.1126/science.1202529 | 125,270,775 | A good brain needs a good vacuum cleaner. | 10.1038/s41577-020-00487-7 | This study finds synaptic elements internalized in microglia and also analyses Cx3cr1 -knockout mice (which lack microglia) and reports alterations in spine density and synaptic function |
10.1101/040022 | 30,015,782 | Recent large-scale studies have identified multiple genetic risk factors for mental illness and indicate a complex, polygenic, and pleiotropic genetic architecture for neuropsychiatric disease. However, little is known about how genetic variants yield brain dysfunction or pathology. We use transcriptomic profiling as a... | 10.1038/s41577-020-00487-7 | This study reports an association between ASD and the upregulation of microglia-related and complement-related genes in humans |
10.1038/s41380-020-0671-2 | 40,355,600 | Abstract Maternal immune activation (MIA) disrupts the central innate immune system during a critical neurodevelopmental period. Microglia are primary innate immune cells in the brain although their direct influence on the MIA phenotype is largely unknown. Here we show that MIA alters microglial gene expression with up... | 10.1038/s41577-020-00487-7 | This study finds that depleting and subsequently repopulating microglia following MIA is sufficient to correct autism-like behaviours, layer V cortical neuron electrophysiologic dysfunction, microglia–neuron interaction frequency and spine density |
10.1126/science.aal3589 | 83,029,979 | Call to action The developing brain initially makes more synapses than it needs. With further development, excess synapses are pruned away, leaving mature circuits. Synapses can be eliminated by microglia, which engulf and destroy them. Vainchtein et al. found that the microglia are called into action by astrocytes, su... | 10.1038/s41577-020-00487-7 | This study illustrates that IL-33–ST2 signalling between astrocytes and microglia contributes to microglial synapse elimination during development |
10.1084/jem.20091419 | 125,171,680 | Proinflammatory cytokines have been shown to impair cognition; consequently, immune activity in the central nervous system was considered detrimental to cognitive function. Unexpectedly, however, T cells were recently shown to support learning and memory, though the underlying mechanism was unclear. We show that one of... | 10.1038/s41577-020-00487-7 | This work demonstrates that IL-4-producing T cells contribute to proper cognitive function |
10.1126/science.1238060 | 78,233,892 | Lazic criticizes the statistical analyses used to support the conclusions in our mouse model. His theory-biased criticism is disproportionate in view of the robustness of our findings (even if different statistical methods are applied) and falls short in explaining the postpubertal onset of effects. | 10.1038/s41577-020-00487-7 | This study illustrates that both MIA and peripubertal stress give rise to adult behavioural abnormalities and pathological neurochemistry and further finds that a second hit of peripubertal stress in MIA offspring induces microgliosis not seen with either one of the environmental stressors alone |
10.1523/jneurosci.2178-07.2007 | 62,275,997 | Schizophrenia and autism are thought to result from the interaction between a susceptibility genotype and environmental risk factors. The offspring of women who experience infection while pregnant have an increased risk for these disorders. Maternal immune activation (MIA) in pregnant rodents produces offspring with ab... | 10.1038/s41577-020-00487-7 | This study identifies that IL-6 is both necessary and sufficient for the behavioural abnormalities observed in offspring of mothers exposed to poly(I:C) |
10.1126/science.aad0314 | 41,707,693 | A T cell cause for autism? The causes of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are complex and not entirely clear. Alterations in the mother's immune system during pregnancy, especially during key early periods of fetal neurodevelopment, may play a role. Choi et al. provided infectious or inflammatory stimuli to pregnant mice... | 10.1038/s41577-020-00487-7 | This study identifies IL-17A as another cytokine in addition to IL-6 that is both necessary and sufficient for the cortical and behavioural abnormalities seen in offspring of mothers exposed to poly(I:C); moreover, through injection of IL-17A into the fetal brain, this work demonstrates that IL-17A signalling can act i... |
10.3899/jrheum.150165 | 59,039,607 | Objective. To describe early radiographic findings in patients from the Swedish psoriatic arthritis (SwePsA) registry, progression of destruction, correlations with clinical disease variables, and predictors of destruction. Methods. Hand and foot radiographs were available for 72 of 197 SwePsA patients followed for 5 y... | 10.1038/s41584-022-00810-7 | This study outlined important radiological differences in PsA between men and women |
10.3390/ijms21217938 | 100,112,023 | Clinical conditions leading to chronic pain show important sex-related differences in the prevalence, severity, and degree of functional disability. Decades of epidemiological and clinical studies have demonstrated that women are more sensitive to pain than men. Arthritis, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoa... | 10.1038/s41584-022-00810-7 | This Review summarizes sex-related differences in the pathogenesis of arthritis and pain relevant to PsA |
10.1136/gutjnl-2019-318382 | 107,361,115 | Objective Bone marrow-derived myeloid cells accumulate in the liver as monocytes and macrophages during the progression of obesity-related non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to steatohepatitis (NASH). Myeloid cells comprise heterogeneous subsets, and dietary overnutrition may affect macrophages in the liver and ... | 10.1038/s41575-020-00366-5 | This single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of NASH mouse models revealed a striking heterogeneity of myeloid cells and a unique inflammatory polarization of macrophages in NAFLD |
10.2337/dc15-1876 | 61,778,618 | OBJECTIVE Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is increasingly common in obese patients. However, its metabolic consequences in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are unknown. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied 154 obese patients divided in four groups: 1) control (no T2DM or NAFLD), 2) T2DM without NAFLD... | 10.1038/s41575-020-00366-5 | A study that dissects the relative contribution of adipose tissue, hepatic and muscle insulin resistance in patients with and without diabetes and simple steatosis versus NASH |
10.1161/circulationaha.118.034763 | 59,001,343 | Background: The IRIS trial (Insulin Resistance Intervention After Stroke) demonstrated that pioglitazone reduced the risk for both cardiovascular events and diabetes mellitus in insulin-resistant patients. However, concern remains that pioglitazone may increase the risk for heart failure (HF) in susceptible individuals... | 10.1038/s41575-020-00366-5 | This secondary analysis of the IRIS trial found that pioglitazone did not increase the risk of heart failure |
10.1126/science.aaq0926 | 83,514,673 | Benign colonization of the gut Microbial communities in the gut can be highly individual. What engenders this specificity? The gut characteristically produces gram quantities of immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibody, which is presumed to protect the gut from pathogen attack. Donaldson et al. engineered strains of Bacteroides... | 10.1038/s41579-022-00833-7 | This study demonstrates that microbiota-specific IgA antibodies can enhance colonization of their target bacteria in the gut. |
10.1126/science.aag2029 | 123,578,724 | Gut anaerobes protect against pathogen invasion Intestinal infections are a common problem for young animals. One explanation is that the protective gut microbiota is not fully established in infants. How the microbiota might protect against pathogens is unclear. Kim et al. found that members of the group of strictly a... | 10.1038/s41579-022-00833-7 | This study shows that the lack of colonization resistance in the neonatal gut is caused by the absence of Clostridiales independently of the host immune system. |
10.1126/sciimmunol.aay3254 | 80,411,915 | Although mammalian secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) targets mucosal pathogens for elimination, its interaction with the microbiota also enables commensal colonization and homeostasis. This paradoxical requirement in the control of pathogens versus microbiota raised the question of whether mucosal (secretory) Igs (sIgs... | 10.1038/s41579-022-00833-7 | This is a good example of how secretory immunoglobulins protect against mucosal pathogens and preserve microbiota homeostasis in organisms other than mammals, suggesting a functionally convergent evolution between phylogenetically distant secretory immunoglobulins. |
10.1038/ncomms11495 | 41,682,820 | Abstract Metallic structures with nanogap features have proven highly effective as building blocks for plasmonic systems, as they can provide a wide tuning range of operating frequencies and large near-field enhancements. Recent work has shown that quantum mechanical effects such as electron tunnelling and nonlocal scr... | 10.1038/s41570-022-00423-4 | This work is a seminal review on critical quantum effects in plasmonic nanogaps |
10.1126/science.1248797 | 45,550,221 | Controlling Quantum Plasmonics Electron tunneling across cavities could potentially induce a quantum mechanical plasmon mode that would be important in nano-electronics, catalysis, nonlinear optics, or single-molecule sensing, but has been expected to occur only at length scales beyond the reach of current state-of-the... | 10.1038/s41570-022-00423-4 | This seminal paper demonstrates CTP modes in silver nanocube dimers |
10.1002/adma.202006606 | 102,417,466 | Abstract At the interfaces of metal and dielectric materials, strong light–matter interactions excite surface plasmons; this allows electromagnetic field confinement and enhancement on the sub‐wavelength scale. Such phenomena have attracted considerable interest in the field of exotic material‐based nanophotonic resear... | 10.1038/s41570-022-00423-4 | This work is a comprehensive review of the latest developments in quantum plasmonic resonators |
10.1038/s41377-019-0199-x | 20,389,611 | Abstract Understanding the interplay between illumination and the electron distribution in metallic nanostructures is a crucial step towards developing applications such as plasmonic photocatalysis for green fuels, nanoscale photodetection and more. Elucidating this interplay is challenging, as it requires taking into ... | 10.1038/s41570-022-00423-4 | This work presents a mechanistic discrimination of hot electrons and thermal effects in plasmonic nanostructures |
10.1126/science.aao0872 | 19,844,902 | Direct plasmon chemistry Light can excite plasmons at a metal surface, which can then decay and create hot electrons that induce chemical reactions of adsorbed molecules. Kazuma et al. used a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) to induce and map out the surface dissociation of a dimethyl disulfide molecule on silver an... | 10.1038/s41570-022-00423-4 | This study monitors a direct intramolecular plasmonic excitation to trigger a chemical reaction |
10.1038/s41377-019-0144-z | 61,916,817 | Abstract Electronic switches with nanoscale dimensions satisfy an urgent demand for further device miniaturization. A recent heavily investigated approach for nanoswitches is the use of molecular junctions that employ photochromic molecules that toggle between two distinct isoforms. In contrast to the reports on this a... | 10.1038/s41570-022-00423-4 | This work presents a direct observation of conductance switching owing to thermal expansion of metallic electrodes |
10.1126/science.abb3457 | 104,159,741 | Hot carriers in plasmonic nanostructures, generated via plasmon decay, play key roles in applications such as photocatalysis and in photodetectors that circumvent bandgap limitations. However, direct experimental quantification of steady-state energy distributions of hot carriers in nanostructures has so far been lacki... | 10.1038/s41570-022-00423-4 | This work is a detailed study on the conductance contribution of hot electrons by plasmonic excitation |
10.1126/science.1160794 | 40,742,385 | A high-fat diet causes activation of the regulatory protein c-Jun NH 2 -terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) and triggers development of insulin resistance. JNK1 is therefore a potential target for therapeutic treatment of metabolic syndrome. We explored the mechanism of JNK1 signaling by engineering mice in which the Jnk1 gene wa... | 10.1038/s41574-020-00418-5 | This paper demonstrates, for first time, the dual role of JNK1 in controlling obesity and insulin resistance. JNK1 activation promotes insulin resistance in liver independently of obesity, and JNK1 also promotes IL-6 production in adipocytes, thereby blocking insulin signalling in liver |
10.15252/embj.201591857 | 19,677,670 | Abstract Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD ) is a major health problem and the main cause of liver disease in Western countries. Although NAFLD is strongly associated with obesity and insulin resistance, its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. The disease begins with an excessive accumulation of triglycerid... | 10.1038/s41574-020-00418-5 | This paper shows that p38γ and p38δ control neutrophil infiltration in the liver |
10.1126/science.1227568 | 41,021,523 | Macrophage JNK in Metabolic Disease Inflammation is thought to be an important driver of diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. Proinflammatory, M1 phenotype macrophages and the c-jun NH 2 terminal kinases (JNK) are central players in this process. But whether JNK expression is specifically required inside macrop... | 10.1038/s41574-020-00418-5 | This was the first study to describe the importance of JNK expressed by myeloid cells infiltrated in adipose tissue in the development of obesity-induced insulin resistance |
10.1038/s41467-018-05711-6 | 32,159,221 | Abstract p53 is a well-known tumor suppressor that has emerged as an important player in energy balance. However, its metabolic role in the hypothalamus remains unknown. Herein, we show that mice lacking p53 in agouti-related peptide (AgRP), but not proopiomelanocortin (POMC) or steroidogenic factor-1 (SF1) neurons, ar... | 10.1038/s41574-020-00418-5 | This work defined, for the first time, the hypothalamic p53–JNK1 axis and its role in the control of energy balance |
10.1128/aem.01541-09 | 104,442,635 | ABSTRACT mothur aims to be a comprehensive software package that allows users to use a single piece of software to analyze community sequence data. It builds upon previous tools to provide a flexible and powerful software package for analyzing sequencing data. As a case study, we used mothur to trim, screen, and align ... | 10.1038/s41579-018-0029-9 | This is a widely used software package for microbiome analysis. |
10.1038/ismej.2009.97 | 39,288,457 | Abstract Next-generation sequencing techniques, and PhyloChip, have made simultaneous phylogenetic analyses of hundreds of microbial communities possible. Insight into community structure has been limited by the inability to integrate and visualize such vast datasets. Fast UniFrac overcomes these issues, allowing integ... | 10.1038/s41579-018-0029-9 | This study underscores the power of incorporating phylogenetic information when comparing microbial communities. |
10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf2593 | 125,059,808 | A soft, skin-mounted microfluidic device captures microliter volumes of sweat and quantitatively measures biochemical markers by colorimetric analysis. | 10.1038/s41570-022-00439-w | This work introduces soft epidermal microfluidic sensors for multiplexed colorimetric sweat analysis |
10.3389/fneur.2021.690404 | 20,329,223 | It is a major challenge in clinical epilepsy to diagnose and treat a disease characterized by infrequent seizures based on patient or caregiver reports and limited duration clinical testing. The poor reliability of self-reported seizure diaries for many people with epilepsy is well-established, but these records remain... | 10.1038/s41570-022-00439-w | This work describes the challenges in applying non-invasive devices for epilepsy monitoring and discusses strategies to detect and forecast seizures |
10.1126/scitranslmed.abd8109 | 67,453,732 | The concentration of chloride in sweat remains the most robust biomarker for confirmatory diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF), a common life-shortening genetic disorder. Early diagnosis via quantitative assessment of sweat chloride allows prompt initiation of care and is critically important to extend life expectancy and... | 10.1038/s41570-022-00439-w | This work presents a soft, wearable microfluidic device that collects and analyses sweat for disease diagnosis promoted via pilocarpine-based iontophoresis |
10.1038/s41598-021-86419-4 | 35,607,647 | Abstract The extensive utilization of electronic health records (EHRs) and the growth of enormous open biomedical datasets has readied the area for applications of computational and machine learning techniques to reveal fundamental patterns. This study’s goal is to develop a medical treatment recommendation system usin... | 10.1038/s41570-022-00439-w | This work presents a strategy to provide medical treatment using shared public health data along with the Markov decision process |
10.1038/s41467-017-00351-8 | 62,413,071 | Abstract Considerable progress in the fabrication of quasicrystals demonstrates that they can be realized in a broad range of materials. However, the development of chemistries enabling direct experimental observation of early quasicrystal growth pathways remains challenging. Here, we report the synthesis of four surfa... | 10.1038/s41578-019-0144-x | This study investigates the influence of micelle size distributions on early growth of mesoporous materials and also on micelle assembly and mesostructures. These findings provide general insights into the design and synthesis of mesoporous materials |
10.1126/science.1231391 | 20,636,930 | Tuning Mesopores Porous materials are of interest for catalysis and filtration because the open channels lend themselves to separating materials or function. Suteewong et al. (p. 337 ) report on a method to make branched mesoporous silica nanoparticles that contain cubic (core) and hexagonally structured (branch) parts... | 10.1038/s41578-019-0144-x | This study is a systematic investigation into the mechanism of and the ability to control the anisotropic assembly of micelles |
10.1073/pnas.0706436105 | 20,879,930 | To address devastating environmental crises and to improve human well-being, China has been implementing a number of national policies on payments for ecosystem services. Two of them, the Natural Forest Conservation Program (NFCP) and the Grain to Green Program (GTGP), are among the biggest programs in the world becaus... | 10.1038/s41586-018-0280-2 | High-profile critical assessment that raised awareness of the scale of China’s investment in sustainability |
10.1126/science.aaf2295 | 20,759,592 | China's national ecosystem assessment China recently completed its first National Ecosystem Assessment covering the period 2000–2010. Ouyang et al. present the main findings of the assessment. Investment in the restoration and preservation of natural capital has resulted in improvements at the national level in most of... | 10.1038/s41586-018-0280-2 | National-scale quantitative assessment of the changes in ecosystem services across China, relating these to sustainability investment |
10.1073/pnas.0900197106 | 125,335,124 | It is widely accepted that environmental degradation and poverty are linked and that conservation and poverty reduction should be tackled together. However, success with integrated strategies has been elusive. Here, we present the results of a study that illustrates how development that combines environmental and econo... | 10.1038/s41586-018-0280-2 | Identifies the importance of a systemic approach and the joint solution of poverty and environmental degradation |
10.1038/srep08732 | 100,518,787 | Abstract Ecological conservation and restoration are necessary to mitigate environmental degradation problems. China has taken great efforts in such actions. To understand the ecological transition during 2000–2010 in China, this study analysed trends in vegetation change using remote sensing and linear regression. Cli... | 10.1038/s41586-018-0280-2 | Quantifies the complex spatial distribution of greening/browning across China from 2000–2010 and the influence of sustainability interventions |
10.1073/pnas.1620503114 | 104,168,693 | Recent expansion of the scale of human activities poses severe threats to Earth’s life-support systems. Increasingly, protected areas (PAs) are expected to serve dual goals: protect biodiversity and secure ecosystem services. We report a nationwide assessment for China, quantifying the provision of threatened species h... | 10.1038/s41586-018-0280-2 | Recent assessment of the representativeness of China’s nature reserve system and opportunities for improvement identifying the importance of payment schemes in shifting rural labour off-farm and reducing direct reliance on natural resources for livelihoods |
10.1073/pnas.1905682116 | 123,620,286 | Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) from the phylum Thaumarchaeota are ubiquitous in marine ecosystems and play a prominent role in carbon and nitrogen cycling. Previous studies have suggested that, like all microbes, thaumarchaea are infected by viruses and that viral predation has a profound impact on thaumarchaeal funct... | 10.1038/s41579-019-0270-x | This study presents the first reported isolation of viruses infecting widespread marine archaea, demonstrating the continuation of ammonium oxidation activity during infection and a chronic infection strategy distinct from that of the lytic bacteriophage |
10.1111/nph.15459 | 103,848,391 | Summary Viruses that infect photoautotrophs have a fundamental relationship with light, given the need for host resources. We investigated the role of light on Coccolithovirus (EhV) infection of the globally distributed coccolithophore, Emiliania huxleyi . Light was required for EhV adsorption, and viral production was... | 10.1038/s41579-019-0270-x | Based on photophysiology and biochemical measurements during E. huxleyi viral infection, this study suggests that viral replication is controlled by a light-dependent trade-off between host nucleotide recycling and de novo synthesis |
10.1073/pnas.1102164108 | 41,375,175 | Cyanophages infecting the marine cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus encode and express genes for the photosynthetic light reactions. Sequenced cyanophage genomes lack Calvin cycle genes, however, suggesting that photosynthetic energy harvested via phage proteins is not used for carbon fixation. We report h... | 10.1038/s41579-019-0270-x | This paper shows that cyanophages encode a Calvin cycle inhibitor and transaldolase with enzymological properties different from their host homologues, demonstrating the importance of the pentose phosphate pathway during infection |
10.1038/ismej.2013.216 | 123,446,192 | Abstract Viruses contribute to the mortality of marine microbes, consequentially altering biological species composition and system biogeochemistry. Although it is well established that host cells provide metabolic resources for virus replication, the extent to which infection reshapes host metabolism at a global level... | 10.1038/s41579-019-0270-x | This paper uses metabolomics to quantify redirection of metabolic fluxes during phage infection of a marine α-proteobacterium, and consequent compositional alteration of dissolved material released by lysis |
10.1073/pnas.1901856116 | 81,707,016 | The building blocks of a virus derived from de novo biosynthesis during infection and/or catabolism of preexisting host cell biomass, and the relative contribution of these 2 sources has important consequences for understanding viral biogeochemistry. We determined the uptake of extracellular nitrogen (N) and its biosyn... | 10.1038/s41579-019-0270-x | This proteomics study quantitatively tracks nitrogen incorporation during phage infection of Synechococcus , showing that substantial amounts of phage protein nitrogen are acquired from the environment after infection begins and incorporated via de novo amino acid synthesis |
10.1038/s41396-017-0043-3 | 42,636,623 | Abstract Marine cyanobacteria are responsible for ~25% of the fixed carbon that enters the ocean biosphere. It is thought that abundant co-occurring viruses play an important role in regulating population dynamics of cyanobacteria and thus the cycling of carbon in the oceans. Despite this, little is known about how vir... | 10.1038/s41579-019-0270-x | This study demonstrates that cyanophages modulate expression of photosynthesis-related accessory metabolic genes in response to light intensity, suggesting energy limitation of phage productivity and a basis for diel and seasonal patterns of virus-induced mortality |
10.1073/pnas.1819689116 | 41,205,600 | As an adaptation to the daily light–dark (diel) cycle, cyanobacteria exhibit diurnal rhythms of gene expression and cell cycle. The light–dark cycle also affects the life cycle of viruses (cyanophages) that infect the unicellular picocyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus , which are the major primary producer... | 10.1038/s41579-019-0270-x | This paper shows distinct diel-dependent life history traits in three Prochlorococcus phages, and that rhythmic phage transcription is linked to the photosynthetic activity of the host |
10.1073/pnas.1708097114 | 38,392,618 | Phytoplankton community structure is shaped by both bottom–up factors, such as nutrient availability, and top–down processes, such as predation. Here we show that marine viruses can blur these distinctions, being able to amend how host cells acquire nutrients from their environment while also predating and lysing their... | 10.1038/s41579-019-0270-x | This study reports the first nitrogen transport gene in an algal virus isolate and shows that it enables uptake of ammonium as well as organic nitrogen substrates |
10.1111/1462-2920.14626 | 4,779,628 | Summary Viruses and microzooplankton grazers represent major sources of mortality for marine phytoplankton and bacteria, redirecting the flow of organic material throughout the world's oceans. Here, we investigate the use of nonlinear population models of interactions between phytoplankton, viruses and grazers as a mea... | 10.1038/s41579-019-0270-x | Using an empirically parameterized model constrained by estimates of prey, predator and viral life history traits, this study calculates carbon flows from primary producers to viruses, grazers and lysates in a marine ecosystem |
10.1111/acel.13320 | 101,207,037 | Abstract Aging clocks dissociate biological from chronological age. The estimation of biological age is important for identifying gerontogenes and assessing environmental, nutritional, or therapeutic impacts on the aging process. Recently, methylation markers were shown to allow estimation of biological age based on ag... | 10.1038/s41576-022-00511-7 | This study developed multiple methodological innovations for training accurate and reproducible transcriptomic ageing clocks, and developed clocks with striking generalizable performance across multiple ageing treatment conditions in worms. |
10.1038/s41514-021-00068-5 | 132,296,825 | Abstract The development of ‘age clocks’, machine learning models predicting age from biological data, has been a major milestone in the search for reliable markers of biological age and has since become an invaluable tool in aging research. However, beyond their unquestionable utility, current clocks offer little insi... | 10.1038/s41576-022-00511-7 | This study aimed to design a more transparent and biologically interpretable neural network ageing clock, showcasing some of the methods available to make inferences about ageing with these more complex models. |
10.1111/acel.13149 | 62,024,387 | Abstract Markers of biological aging have potential utility in primary care and public health. We developed a model of age based on untargeted metabolic profiling across multiple platforms, including nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry in urine and serum, within a large s... | 10.1038/s41576-022-00511-7 | This study compared multiple untargeted metabolomic methods for developing ageing clocks and additionally assessed their relationship to health traits and to the Horvath, Hannum and PhenoAge epigenetic ageing clocks. |
10.1093/gerona/glz174 | 123,892,337 | Abstract Biomarkers are important tools for diagnosis, prognosis, and identification of the causal factors of physiological conditions. Biomarkers are typically identified by correlating biological measurements with the status of a condition in a sample of subjects. Cross-sectional studies sample subjects at a single t... | 10.1038/s41576-022-00511-7 | This study demonstrated important limitations of ageing-clock models that are built with cross-sectional cohort studies and used simulation studies to show that the use of more complex second- generation ageing score training objectives overcomes some of these limitations. |
10.1038/ncomms10728 | 123,361,831 | Abstract Gas-exchange structures are critical for acquiring oxygen, but they also represent portals for pathogen entry. Local mucosal immunoglobulin responses against pathogens in specialized respiratory organs have only been described in tetrapods. Since fish gills are considered a mucosal surface, we hypothesized tha... | 10.1038/s41577-018-0003-9 | This work describes the emergence of mucosal secondary lymphoid tissues. |
10.4049/jimmunol.0902364 | 100,517,549 | Abstract The induction of variable disulfide polymerization of IgM in the trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and its effect on its half-life were examined. An association between greater Ab affinity and increased disulfide polymerization was first indicated by the observation of this increased IgM disulfide polymerization dur... | 10.1038/s41577-018-0003-9 | This work suggests that a form of affinity maturation in teleosts can be achieved at the level of the biochemistry of multimeric IgM. |
10.1073/pnas.0601407103 | 60,938,830 | IgD has remained a mysterious Ig class and a bane to immunology students since its discovery >40 years ago. Its spotty occurrence in mammals and birds and the discovery of an isotype with similarities to IgD in bony fish are perplexing. We have identified IgD heavy (H) chain (δ) from the amphibian Xenopus tropicalis... | 10.1038/s41577-018-0003-9 | This study shows that IgD is present throughout the gnathostomes and is quite plastic in structure and likely in function. |
10.1002/eji.200737263 | 18,426,906 | Abstract The discovery of a fourth immunoglobulin (Ig) light (L) chain isotype in sharks has revealed the origins and natural history of all vertebrate L chains. Phylogenetic comparisons have established orthology between this new shark L chain and the unique Xenopus L chain isotype σ. More importantly, inclusion of th... | 10.1038/s41577-018-0003-9 | This work definitively demonstrates that λ and κ genes emerged in the earliest gnathostomes and that σ L chain genes are found throughout the ectotherms. |
10.1073/pnas.0507074103 | 84,461,230 | Distinctive Ig and T cell receptor (TcR) chains define the two major lineages of vertebrate lymphocyte yet similarly recognize antigen with a single, membrane-distal variable (V) domain. Here we describe the first antigen receptor chain that employs two V domains, which are generated by separate VDJ gene rearrangement ... | 10.1038/s41577-018-0003-9 | This is the first paper to demonstrate that IgV elements can contribute directly to the TCRδ repertoire. |
10.1002/eji.201040515 | 124,069,967 | Abstract The content and organization of the Xenopus tropicalis TCR α / δ locus was determined. This locus is highly conserved among tetrapods, with the genes encoding the TCRδ chains embedded with those encoding TCRα. However, the frog TCRα/ δ is unusual in that it contains V genes that appear indistinguishable from t... | 10.1038/s41577-018-0003-9 | This study suggests that a cis duplication gave rise to IgH and/or IgL and TCR σδ loci early in gnathostome evolution. |
10.1186/1471-2148-13-260 | 20,081,153 | Abstract Background Classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules play an essential role in presenting peptide antigens to CD4 + T lymphocytes in the acquired immune system. The non-classical class II DM molecule, HLA-DM in the case of humans, possesses critical function in assisting the classical... | 10.1038/s41577-018-0003-9 | This study presents the lack of a MHC class II DM gene in fish and discusses MHC class II–peptide assembly prior to the emergence of amphibians. |
10.1073/pnas.1309840110 | 85,541,422 | Human and murine MHC nonclassical class Ib-restricted invariant T (iT) cell subsets, such as invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT) and mucosal-associated invariant T cells, have specialized functions early in immune responses, especially in modulating subsequent adaptive immune responses. Here, we characterize a prom... | 10.1038/s41577-018-0003-9 | This work shows that NKT cells are found in nonmammalian vertebrates, changing the paradigm. |
10.1073/pnas.97.9.4712 | 80,269,228 | Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II molecules bind to and display peptidic antigens acquired from pathogens that are recognized by lymphocytes coordinating and executing adaptive immune responses. The two classes of MHC proteins have nearly identical tertiary structures and were derived from a c... | 10.1038/s41577-018-0003-9 | This work shows the original linkage of MHC class I and MHC class II genes (in sharks). |
10.4049/jimmunol.1003933 | 84,365,369 | Abstract β2-Microglobulin (β2M) is believed to have arisen in a basal jawed vertebrate (gnathostome) and is the essential L chain that associates with most MHC class I molecules. It contains a distinctive molecular structure called a constant-1 Ig superfamily domain, which is shared with other adaptive immune molecules... | 10.1038/s41577-018-0003-9 | This work describes the anticipated primordial linkage of β2-microglobulin to the MHC in sharks, which is unlike that found in all other vertebrates. |
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