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10.1038/s41467-018-07825-3 | 29,318,037 | Abstract Cellular senescence is a stress response that imposes stable cell-cycle arrest in damaged cells, preventing their propagation in tissues. However, senescent cells accumulate in tissues in advanced age, where they might promote tissue degeneration and malignant transformation. The extent of immune-system involv... | 10.1038/s41577-021-00646-4 | This article shows that mice with impaired cell cytotoxicity because of perforin deficiency have increased accumulation of senescent cells in tissues, chronic inflammation and lower survival |
10.1126/science.aax0860 | 20,859,584 | The effect of immunometabolism on age-associated diseases remains uncertain. In this work, we show that T cells with dysfunctional mitochondria owing to mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) deficiency act as accelerators of senescence. In mice, these cells instigate multiple aging-related features, including met... | 10.1038/s41577-021-00646-4 | This article shows that TFAM-deficient T cells with dysfunctional mitochondria increase inflammageing, accelerate senescence and regulate organismal fitness and lifespan in mice |
10.1111/joim.12920 | 122,403,914 | Abstract Background The natural history of prediabetes in older adults remains unknown. Objectives To assess the rate at which prediabetes progresses to diabetes, leads to death or reverts to normoglycaemia in older adults and to identify prognostic factors related to different outcomes of prediabetes. Methods In the S... | 10.1038/s41574-021-00512-2 | A study showing the value of T2DM prevention strategies in older adults. |
10.1038/ismej.2016.200 | 114,245,928 | Abstract Mucus forms a major ecological niche for microbiota in various locations throughout the human body such as the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract and oral cavity. The primary structural components of mucus are mucin glycoproteins, which crosslink to form a complex polymer network that surrounds microbes... | 10.1038/s41578-018-0079-7 | This study gives evidence that mucin can enable species coexistence |
10.1073/pnas.1516127112 | 62,609,179 | Mucins are a family of secreted and transmembrane glycoproteins characterized by a massive domain of dense O-glycosylation on serine and threonine residues. Mucins are intimately involved in immunity and cancer, yet elucidation of the biological roles of their glycodomains has been complicated by their massive size, do... | 10.1038/s41578-018-0079-7 | This article presents a mucin mimetic with a native α-GalNAc-Ser linkage, low polydispersity and high functionalization |
10.1128/iai.00341-16 | 18,809,117 | ABSTRACT The capability of a recombinant mucin-like fusion protein, P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1/mouse IgG2b (PSGL-1/mIgG2b), carrying Galα1,3Galβ1,4GlcNAc determinants to bind and inhibit Clostridium difficile toxin A (TcdA) was investigated. The fusion protein, produced by a glyco-engineered stable CHO-K1 cell li... | 10.1038/s41578-018-0079-7 | The authors create a recombinant mucin with synthetic complex glycosylation that inhibits toxin binding |
10.1002/lno.10726 | 104,296,327 | Abstract The processes and biomass that characterize any ecosystem are fundamentally constrained by the total amount of energy that is either fixed within or delivered across its boundaries. Ultimately, ecosystems may be understood and classified by their rates of total and net productivity and by the seasonal patterns... | 10.1038/s41586-022-05500-8 | A synthesis of the predominant drivers and constraints on metabolic regimes of stream and river ecosystems |
10.1126/science.aaa1958 | 83,271,638 | Carbon kicked out by nutrients Excess nutrients added to streams result in net carbon loss from aquatic ecosystems. Nitrogen and phosphorus are known to fuel increases in algal carbon. Now, Rosemond et al. show that nutrients stimulate losses of terrestrially derived carbon (e.g., from twigs and leaves). The authors mo... | 10.1038/s41586-022-05500-8 | A key study explaining how nutrient excess can accelerate terrestrial carbon loss from stream ecosystems |
10.1002/lol2.10065 | 60,942,187 | Abstract Understanding what controls the lateral flux of organic and inorganic carbon from landscapes to surface waters is key to fully understanding terrestrial ecosystem carbon balances, the biogeochemistry of freshwaters, and how the hydrologically‐mediated movement of carbon between these ecosystems may be altered ... | 10.1038/s41586-022-05500-8 | Important synthesis on the mechanisms and controls of organic and inorganic carbon flows across terrestrial–aquatic interfaces |
10.5194/bg-16-769-2019 | 40,765,985 | Abstract. At the global scale, inland waters are a significant source of atmospheric carbon (C), particularly in the tropics. The active pipe concept predicts that C emissions from streams, lakes and rivers are largely fuelled by terrestrial ecosystems. The traditionally recognized C transfer mechanisms from terrestria... | 10.1038/s41586-022-05500-8 | Important review emphasizing the role of flooding for inland water carbon cycling at the global scale |
10.1111/j.1365-2427.2010.02422.x | 18,275,203 | Summary 1. Rates of whole‐system metabolism (production and respiration) are fundamental indicators of ecosystem structure and function. Although first‐order, proximal controls are well understood, assessments of the interactions between proximal controls and distal controls, such as land use and geographic region, are... | 10.1038/s41586-022-05500-8 | Among the first studies showing how land use alters ecosystem metabolism across geographic regions |
10.1890/15-1027 | 83,504,409 | Abstract Streams and rivers can substantially modify organic carbon ( OC ) inputs from terrestrial landscapes, and much of this processing is the result of microbial respiration. While carbon dioxide ( CO 2 ) is the major end‐product of ecosystem respiration, methane ( CH 4 ) is also present in many fluvial environment... | 10.1038/s41586-022-05500-8 | Key paper highlighting the role of streams and rivers for methane production and emissions and developing a conceptual framework on the environmental drivers of methane dynamics in fluvial ecosystems |
10.1084/jem.183.3.1161 | 104,384,602 | Antigen-presenting cells contain a specialized late endocytic compartment, MIIC (major histocompatibility complex [MHC] class II-enriched compartment), that harbors newly synthesized MHC class II molecules in transit to the plasma membrane. MIICs have a limiting membrane enclosing characteristic internal membrane vesic... | 10.1038/s41577-022-00763-8 | This hallmark paper reported the release of B cell-derived EVs with functional pMHC complexes on their surface |
10.1182/blood.2020009957 | 130,289,409 | Abstract In addition to their hemostatic role, platelets play a significant role in immunity. Once activated, platelets release extracellular vesicles (EVs) formed by the budding of their cytoplasmic membranes. Because of their heterogeneity, platelet EVs (PEVs) are thought to perform diverse functions. It is unknown, ... | 10.1038/s41577-022-00763-8 | This study shows the cross-presentation capacity of platelet-derived EVs, which contain a functional proteasome |
10.1073/pnas.1934290100 | 45,292,430 | Does the neonate's brain have left hemisphere (LH) dominance for speech? Twelve full-term neonates participated in an optical topography study designed to assess whether the neonate brain responds specifically to linguistic stimuli. Participants were tested with normal infant-directed speech, with the same utterances p... | 10.1038/s41562-022-01368-w | This paper exemplifies how fNIRS can be safely and effectively used to examine neural activities in neonates |
10.1073/pnas.1508631112 | 28,234,592 | The influence of speech production on speech perception is well established in adults. However, because adults have a long history of both perceiving and producing speech, the extent to which the perception–production linkage is due to experience is unknown. We addressed this issue by asking whether articulatory config... | 10.1038/s41562-022-01368-w | This paper shows how the sensorimotor network contributes to speech perception in infancy |
10.1177/0963721412449459 | 60,103,030 | Infants begin life ready to learn any of the world’s languages, but they quickly become speech-perception experts in their native language. Although this phenomenon has been well described, the mechanisms leading to native-language-listening expertise have not. In this article, we provide an in-depth review of one lear... | 10.1038/s41562-022-01368-w | This article provides a review of the mechanisms of phonemic learning |
10.1126/science.1194637 | 20,828,539 | Primitive Origins for Microglia Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system and are associated with neurodegeneration and brain inflammatory diseases. Although the developmental origins of other tissue macrophage populations are well established, the origins of microglia remain controversial. G... | 10.1038/s41593-019-0545-6 | This study focused new attention on the origin of microglia and tissue-resident macrophages and set the stage for subsequent studies using fate-mapping to identity the nuances of macrophage origin |
10.1038/s41467-018-07548-5 | 81,877,749 | Abstract Microglia are yolk sac-derived macrophages residing in the parenchyma of brain and spinal cord, where they interact with neurons and other glial. After different conditioning paradigms and bone marrow (BM) or hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation, graft-derived cells seed the brain and persistently con... | 10.1038/s41593-019-0545-6 | This study and the following three studies by Bennett et al., Cronk et al. and Lund et al. showed in short order that microglial transcriptomic identity is garnered by both origin and environment |
10.1084/jem.20180247 | 41,647,924 | Peripherally derived macrophages infiltrate the brain after bone marrow transplantation and during central nervous system (CNS) inflammation. It was initially suggested that these engrafting cells were newly derived microglia and that irradiation was essential for engraftment to occur. However, it remains unclear wheth... | 10.1038/s41593-019-0545-6 | This study and the three studies by Shemer et al., Bennett et al. and Lund et al. showed in short order that microglial transcriptomic identity is garnered by both origin and environment |
10.1038/s41467-018-07295-7 | 123,738,823 | Abstract Circulating monocytes can compete for virtually any tissue macrophage niche and become long-lived replacements that are phenotypically indistinguishable from their embryonic counterparts. As the factors regulating this process are incompletely understood, we studied niche competition in the brain by depleting ... | 10.1038/s41593-019-0545-6 | This study and the previous three studies by Shemer et al., Bennett et al. and Cronk et al. showed in short order that microglial transcriptomic identity is garnered by both origin and environment |
10.1002/edm2.108 | 100,211,769 | Abstract Aim To conduct a comprehensive review of studies of glycaemic deterioration in type 2 diabetes and identify the major factors influencing progression. Methods We conducted a systematic literature search with terms linked to type 2 diabetes progression. All the included studies were summarized based upon the fa... | 10.1038/s41591-022-01791-6 | A web application for mapping people with T2D to the phenotype tree and predicting their risk of diabetes progression and complications. |
10.1126/science.aaa4352 | 107,385,293 | Neutrophils lay down the tracks T cells constantly circulate throughout the body until an invading pathogen calls them into action. Microbes often cause localized infections, so how do T cells know where to go? Lim et al. explore this question in a mouse model of influenza infection and find that immune cells called ne... | 10.1038/s41577-021-00507-0 | This study demonstrates that neutrophils can leave chemokine-rich trails that guide virus-specific CD8 + T cell migration in the infected airway |
10.1073/pnas.0334864100 | 29,279,713 | During organogenesis, immunosurveillance, and inflammation, chemokines selectively recruit leukocytes by activating seven-transmembrane-spanning receptors. It has been suggested that an important component of this process is the formation of a haptotactic gradient by immobilization of chemokines on cell surface glycosa... | 10.1038/s41577-021-00507-0 | This paper demonstrates that GAG binding mediates chemokine tethering and immobilization, which is a prerequisite of chemokine activation |
10.1084/jem.20191339 | 58,496,884 | The endothelial cell basement membrane (BM) is a barrier to migrating leukocytes and a rich source of signaling molecules that can influence extravasating cells. Using mice lacking the major endothelial BM components, laminin 411 or 511, in murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), we show here that loss ... | 10.1038/s41577-021-00507-0 | This study highlights the functional importance of spatial patterning of ECM components, showing that the expression of laminin at the interface between the endothelial monolayer and the underlying basement membrane is critical to control pathogenicity of infiltrating T cells |
10.1038/s41467-019-13107-3 | 103,218,821 | Abstract Immune cells congregate at specific loci to fight infections during inflammatory responses, a process that must be transient and self-resolving. Cell dispersal promotes resolution, but it remains unclear how transition from clustering to dispersal is regulated. Here we show, using quantitative live imaging in ... | 10.1038/s41577-021-00507-0 | This elegant study visualizes the differential membrane trafficking of chemokine receptors in neutrophils and links chemokine receptor availability to the accumulation and subsequent dispersal of neutrophils at a wound site, ensuring an effective and self-resolving response to tissue damage |
10.1126/science.1257530 | 41,049,235 | CD8 tissue-resident memory T (T RM ) cells provide efficient local control of viral infection, but the role of CD4 T RM is less clear. Here, by using parabiotic mice, we show that a preexisting pool of CD4 T RM cells in the genital mucosa was required for full protection from a lethal herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) inf... | 10.1038/s41577-021-00507-0 | This study is one of the first to identify a T RM tissue niche, where chemokines secreted by local macrophages maintained vaginal CD4 T RM cells in memory lymphocyte clusters, independent of circulating memory T cells |
10.1073/pnas.2115667118 | 134,011,071 | Significance Why the developmental transitions of multicellular organisms are unidirectional and how the rate of these transitions is determined are biological mysteries. Earlier reports have shown that both animals and plants utilize microRNA (miRNA) as a timer in regulating their developmental transitions. However, h... | 10.1038/s41477-022-01119-9 | This paper reports cell division as a trigger for miR156 decline and vegetative phase transition |
10.1126/science.aaw2106 | 103,596,132 | The p27 protein is a canonical negative regulator of cell proliferation and acts primarily by inhibiting cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Under some circumstances, p27 is associated with active CDK4, but no mechanism for activation has been described. We found that p27, when phosphorylated by tyrosine kinases, alloster... | 10.1038/s41568-022-00456-3 | This study proposes an alternative hypothesis for the mechanism of action of CDK4/6 inhibitors, positing that these agents do not directly inhibit CDK4 but rather sequester monomeric CDK4, thereby freeing p21 to bind and inhibit CDK2 |
10.1098/rsob.210125 | 126,197,315 | The use of CDK4/6 inhibitors in the treatment of a wide range of cancers is an area of ongoing investigation. Despite their increasing clinical use, there is limited understanding of the determinants of sensitivity and resistance to these drugs. Recent data have cast doubt on how CDK4/6 inhibitors arrest proliferation,... | 10.1038/s41568-022-00456-3 | Using a series of genetic manipulations in cell-based models, this study demonstrates that p21 and p27 are not required for cells to enter or remain in palbociclib-mediated G1 arrest (providing an alternative hypothesis to that presented in Guiley et al. (2019)) |
10.1126/scitranslmed.aal3986 | 125,186,160 | The concomitant use of CDK4/6 inhibitors with cytotoxic agents may prevent chemotherapy-induced bone marrow exhaustion in cancer patients. | 10.1038/s41568-022-00456-3 | This study demonstrates that trilaciclib induces transient inhibition of haematopoietic stem cells in mice and humans, providing a rationale for its use as a myelopreservative in patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy |
10.20900/immunometab20200029 | 102,393,581 | Abstract Assays to monitor the metabolic state or nutrient uptake capacity of immune cells at a single cell level are increasingly in demand. One assay, used by many immunologists, employs 2-( N -(7-Nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)Amino)-2-Deoxyglucose (2-NBDG), a fluorescent analogue of 2-deoxyglucose (2DG), as a subs... | 10.1038/s41577-021-00529-8 | This paper highlights the contradictory results that can be obtained using fluorescent analogues of glucose to measure glucose uptake |
10.1146/annurev-biochem-061516-044952 | 123,174,566 | Metabolites are the small biological molecules involved in energy conversion and biosynthesis. Studying metabolism is inherently challenging due to metabolites’ reactivity, structural diversity, and broad concentration range. Herein, we review the common pitfalls encountered in metabolomics and provide concrete guideli... | 10.1038/s41577-021-00529-8 | A helpful guide for navigating metabolomics of water-soluble metabolites, comparing the strengths and weaknesses of liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and NMR |
10.1126/science.aav2588 | 104,407,712 | The metabolic characteristics of tumors present considerable hurdles to immune cell function and cancer immunotherapy. Using a glutamine antagonist, we metabolically dismantled the immunosuppressive microenvironment of tumors. We demonstrate that glutamine blockade in tumor-bearing mice suppresses oxidative and glycoly... | 10.1038/s41577-021-00529-8 | This study demonstrates that glutamine restrains differentiation of T H 1 and cytotoxic T cells, and a broad inhibitor of glutamine metabolism can enhance antitumour immunotherapy |
10.1126/science.1164097 | 109,445,740 | Chromatin Modifier Modulates Gene Expression Modification of chromatin structure is usually thought of as a global, relatively nonspecific way of modulating gene expression. However, Wellen et al. (p. 1076 ; see the Perspective by Rathmell and Newgard ) demonstrate that such regulation helps link growth factor–stimulat... | 10.1038/s41467-019-13668-3 | A study that uncovered one important mechanism that connects the TCA cycle and chromatin modifications |
10.1126/science.1088434 | 102,408,206 | A phylogenetic analysis of 1125 global human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences permitted positioning of all nucleotide substitutions according to their order of occurrence. The relative frequency and amino acid conservation of internal branch replacement mutations was found to increase from tropical Africa to tempera... | 10.1038/s41568-021-00358-w | This study reports that human mtDNA variants can be adaptive |
10.1073/pnas.0408894102 | 45,488,813 | Mutations in the mtDNA have been found to fulfill all of the criteria expected for pathogenic mutations causing prostate cancer. Focusing on the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, we found that 11–12% of all prostate cancer patients harbored COI mutations that altered conserved amino acids (mean conservation inde... | 10.1038/s41568-021-00358-w | This article shows that mtDNA mutations are important in prostate cancer |
10.1073/pnas.1906896116 | 83,100,559 | Diseases associated with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations are highly variable in phenotype, in large part because of differences in the percentage of normal and mutant mtDNAs (heteroplasmy) present within the cell. For example, increasing heteroplasmy levels of the mtDNA tRNA Leu(UUR) nucleotide (nt) 3243A > G mu... | 10.1038/s41568-021-00358-w | This study is the first description of an mtDNA mutation causing changes in the nuclear epigenome |
10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-lb-161 | 34,133,079 | Abstract Mitochondrial genomes are separated from the nuclear genome for most of the cell cycle by the nuclear double membrane, intervening cytoplasm and the mitochondrial double membrane. Despite these physical barriers we show that somatically acquired mitochondrial-nuclear genome fusion sequences are present in canc... | 10.1038/s41568-021-00358-w | This study reports numtogenesis as a feature of cancer cells |
10.1126/science.287.5454.848 | 61,918,457 | Hereditary paraganglioma (PGL) is characterized by the development of benign, vascularized tumors in the head and neck. The most common tumor site is the carotid body (CB), a chemoreceptive organ that senses oxygen levels in the blood. Analysis of families carrying the PGL1 gene, described here, revealed germ line muta... | 10.1038/s41568-021-00358-w | This study demonstrates the association of complex II mutations with hereditary paraganglioma |
10.1073/pnas.1100290108 | 20,570,812 | In the last 60,000 y humans have expanded across the globe and now occupy a wider range than any other terrestrial species. Our ability to successfully adapt to such a diverse range of habitats is often explained in terms of our cognitive ability. Humans have relatively bigger brains and more computing power than other... | 10.1038/s41583-020-0276-4 | This review describes the central and adaptive role of social learning in human culture. |
10.1073/pnas.1810180116 | 123,177,150 | In today’s world, mass-media and online social networks present us with unprecedented exposure to second-hand, vicarious experiences and thereby the chance of forming associations between previously innocuous events (e.g., being in a subway station) and aversive outcomes (e.g., footage or verbal reports from a violent ... | 10.1038/s41583-020-0276-4 | This study demonstrates how the interaction between Pavlovian and instrumental value systems in social learning can result in maladaptive decision making. |
10.1038/ncomms15495 | 79,849,243 | Abstract Many fearful expectations are shaped by observation of aversive outcomes to others. Yet, the neurochemistry regulating social learning is unknown. Previous research has shown that during direct (Pavlovian) threat learning, information about personally experienced outcomes is regulated by the release of endogen... | 10.1038/s41583-020-0276-4 | Using a pharmacological manipulation, this paper describes the role of the opioidergic system in social Pavlovian threat learning. |
10.1073/pnas.1316740111 | 79,949,025 | Significance Despite clinical evidence that specific fear is transmitted across generations, we have little understanding of mechanisms. Here, we model social transmission of mother-to-infant fear in rodents. We show that maternal fear responses to a conditioned fear odor are sufficient to induce robust fear learning t... | 10.1038/s41583-020-0276-4 | Study demonstrating intergenerational transmission of specific threat information in rodents. |
10.1073/pnas.0511302103 | 19,840,316 | Emotional states displayed by an animal or a human can seriously affect behavior of their conspecifics. The amygdala plays a crucial role in the processing of emotions. In this study, we describe an experimental rat model of between-subject transfer of emotional information and its effects on activation of the amygdala... | 10.1038/s41583-020-0276-4 | The first rodent model of fear contagion, showing involvement of the amygdala. |
10.1073/pnas.1003111107 | 40,747,706 | Individuals can learn by interacting with the environment and experiencing a difference between predicted and obtained outcomes (prediction error). However, many species also learn by observing the actions and outcomes of others. In contrast to individual learning, observational learning cannot be based on directly exp... | 10.1038/s41583-020-0276-4 | This paper showed for the first time the neural correlates of observational learning during decision making, and pioneered the use of computational modelling in social learning research. |
10.1523/jneurosci.1703-15.2015 | 40,747,851 | Empathy—the capacity to understand and resonate with the experiences of others—can depend on the ability to predict when others are likely to receive rewards. However, although a plethora of research has examined the neural basis of predictions about the likelihood of receiving rewards ourselves, very little is known a... | 10.1038/s41583-020-0276-4 | This study demonstrates that the gyrus of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACCg) is more responsive to vicarious than self-experienced reward, and related to trait empathy. |
10.1126/science.1232769 | 103,827,072 | Animal Culture Cultural transmission of information occurs when individuals learn from others with more experience or when individuals come to accept particular modes of behavior as the local norm. Such information transfer can be expected in highly social or long-lived species where contact and time for learning are m... | 10.1038/s41583-020-0276-4 | This field study with vervet monkeys demonstrates social transmission of food preferences induced by aversive learning, which results in strong local food choice traditions. |
10.1098/rsos.181777 | 58,948,815 | Social transmission of information is a key phenomenon in the evolution of behaviour and in the establishment of traditions and culture. The diversity of social learning phenomena has engendered a diverse terminology and numerous ideas about underlying learning mechanisms, at the same time that some researchers have ca... | 10.1038/s41583-020-0276-4 | In this paper, the authors provide a theoretical reinforcement learning model that can account for many types of social learning in animals. |
10.1038/s41467-020-16512-1 | 105,376,480 | Abstract Bacteria have evolved sophisticated adaptive immune systems, called CRISPR-Cas, that provide sequence-specific protection against phage infection. In turn, phages have evolved a broad spectrum of anti-CRISPRs that suppress these immune systems. Here we report structures of anti-CRISPR protein IF9 (AcrIF9) in c... | 10.1038/s41580-021-00371-9 | This article outlines an anti-CRISPR strategy of promoting non-specific dsDNA binding by the Cascade complex |
10.1126/sciadv.1701620 | 19,602,148 | Natural inhibitors of Cas9 pretend to be DNA and block target binding, and using them in human cells can reduce off-target events. | 10.1038/s41580-021-00371-9 | This article demonstrates that timed delivery of anti-CRISPRs reduces off-target editing in human cells |
10.1126/science.abb6151 | 81,689,857 | The CRISPR RNA (crRNA)–guided nuclease Cas13 recognizes complementary viral transcripts to trigger the degradation of both host and viral RNA during the type VI CRISPR-Cas antiviral response. However, how viruses can counteract this immunity is not known. We describe a listeriaphage (ϕLS46) encoding an anti-CRISPR prot... | 10.1038/s41580-021-00371-9 | This article provides the first detailed molecular mechanisms of an anti-CRISPR targeting type VI CRISPR–Cas systems associated with the complete evasion of CRISPR–Cas13 immunity |
10.1126/science.1148047 | 125,320,034 | Recent theory predicted that the quantum spin Hall effect, a fundamentally new quantum state of matter that exists at zero external magnetic field, may be realized in HgTe/(Hg,Cd)Te quantum wells. We fabricated such sample structures with low density and high mobility in which we could tune, through an external gate vo... | 10.1038/s41578-018-0047-2 | This is an experimental demonstration of the QSH state in HgTe quantum wells |
10.1126/science.1173034 | 38,414,342 | Topological Insulators Topological insulators are a recently discovered state of matter, in which the bulk is an insulator while the surface is metallic with counterpropagating spin states. The surface states are protected by the topology, or structure, of the Fermi surface in the bulk gap and are described by a Dirac ... | 10.1038/s41578-018-0047-2 | This is an ARPES study on the large-gap topological insulator Bi 2 Te 3 , showing a clear single surface Dirac cone in the bulk energy gap |
10.1126/science.1245085 | 62,621,248 | A 3D Graphene? Discoveries of materials with exciting electronic properties have propelled condensed matter physics over the past decade. Two of the best-known examples, graphene and topological insulators, have something in common: a linear energy-momentum relationship—the Dirac dispersion—in their two-dimensional (2D... | 10.1038/s41578-018-0047-2 | This is an ARPES study on a TDS, showing linear dispersions of the bulk band along all three momentum directions |
10.1126/scitranslmed.aap9927 | 83,290,878 | HIV latency may not be governed by a lack of transcriptional initiation, but rather by blocks to RNA elongation, polyadenylation, and splicing. | 10.1038/s41586-019-1841-8 | Multiple blocks to HIV transcription exist in infected CD4 + T cells; it may be necessary to overcome each using diverse approaches before sufficient amounts of HIV protein are made for the cell to be recognized and eliminated |
10.1073/pnas.1415518111 | 62,591,367 | Significance Cell death by regulated necrosis causes tremendous tissue damage in a wide variety of diseases, including myocardial infarction, stroke, sepsis, and ischemia–reperfusion injury upon solid organ transplantation. Here, we demonstrate that an iron-dependent form of regulated necrosis, referred to as ferroptos... | 10.1038/s41572-021-00284-z | Study demonstrating the occurrence of regulated necrosis and synchronized death of upon AKI, with consequent triggering of a detrimental immune response |
10.1038/s41467-018-03753-4 | 20,352,850 | Abstract Acute kidney injury (AKI) is considered largely reversible based on the capacity of surviving tubular cells to dedifferentiate and replace lost cells via cell division. Here we show by tracking individual tubular cells in conditional Pax8/Confetti mice that kidney function is recovered after AKI despite substa... | 10.1038/s41572-021-00284-z | Study describing the occurrence of cellular hypertrophy in the absence of tissue reconstitution and limited regeneration after AKI |
10.1126/science.aac9373 | 104,265,158 | Toward opioids without poppy fields Producing opioids without having to depend on field-grown poppies would be of great benefit. Synthetic production could potentially produce more-effective drugs with fewer side effects. Now, Galanie et al. have engineered yeast to produce the opioid compounds thebaine and hydrocodone... | 10.1038/s41570-020-0176-1 | The first microbial production of the selected opioid compounds thebaine and hydrocodone starting from central metabolism |
10.1073/pnas.0608589103 | 40,654,539 | Daptomycin, a cyclic lipopeptide produced by Streptomyces roseosporus , is the active ingredient of Cubicin (daptomycin-for-injection), a first-in-class antibiotic approved for treatment of skin and skin-structure infections caused by Gram-positive pathogens and bacteremia and endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus aure... | 10.1038/s41570-020-0176-1 | In this study, the authors established a robust combinatorial-biosynthesis platform to produce novel antibiotic peptides related to daptomycin at high yields |
10.1038/s41467-017-01344-3 | 81,850,938 | Abstract Erythromycin, avermectin and rapamycin are clinically useful polyketide natural products produced on modular polyketide synthase multienzymes by an assembly-line process in which each module of enzymes in turn specifies attachment of a particular chemical unit. Although polyketide synthase encoding genes have ... | 10.1038/s41570-020-0176-1 | The production of different rapalogues was accomplished via an accelerated-evolution method of modular PKS genes mimicking a plausible mechanism of natural evolution |
10.2337/db15-0596 | 102,374,944 | Insulin receptors (IRs) are expressed in discrete neuronal populations in the central nervous system, including the hippocampus. To elucidate the functional role of hippocampal IRs independent of metabolic function, we generated a model of hippocampal-specific insulin resistance using a lentiviral vector expressing an ... | 10.1038/s41583-022-00558-9 | This study indicates a functional role of hippocampal IRs in cognition by demonstrating that the downregulation of IRs in the hippocampi of rats elicits impairments in synaptic transmission and hippocampal-dependent learning |
10.1073/pnas.0809158106 | 41,472,025 | Synapse deterioration underlying severe memory loss in early Alzheimer's disease (AD) is thought to be caused by soluble amyloid beta (Aβ) oligomers. Mechanistically, soluble Aβ oligomers, also referred to as Aβ-derived diffusible ligands (ADDLs), act as highly specific pathogenic ligands, binding to sites localized at... | 10.1038/s41583-022-00558-9 | This study was the first to show the potential of insulin in mitigating Aβ oligomer-induced synapse loss in hippocampal neurons and paved the way for investigations using anti-diabetes agents as novel therapeutics for AD |
10.1146/annurev-soc-060116-053252 | 38,415,661 | Why are children of poor parents more likely to be poor as adults than other children? Early-childhood adversities resulting from social structures and relationships impact children's bodily systems and brain development through recurrent stress. These socially patterned biological processes influence social reproducti... | 10.1038/s41583-022-00558-9 | This review integrates sociological, neuroscience, epigenetic and psychological evidence to discuss how social factors interact with biology to shape life trajectories and determine health outcomes |
10.1038/s41586-019-1907-7 | 41,705,507 | Abstract Cancer develops through a process of somatic evolution 1,2 . Sequencing data from a single biopsy represent a snapshot of this process that can reveal the timing of specific genomic aberrations and the changing influence of mutational processes 3 . Here, by whole-genome sequencing analysis of 2,658 cancers as ... | 10.1038/s41568-021-00400-x | This work, coming out of the largest pan-cancer analysis to date, establishes the concept of early and late mutations in the evolution of tumours, suggesting that early gene mutations might be detectable and offer the potential of earlier treatment |
10.1073/pnas.1705586114 | 83,046,038 | Many fluorescent proteins are currently available for biological spectroscopy and imaging measurements, allowing a wide range of biochemical and biophysical processes and interactions to be studied at various length scales. However, in applications where a small fluorescence reporter is required or desirable, the choic... | 10.1038/s41570-020-0186-z | Small analogue of a naturally occurring amino acid that behaves as a non-disruptive building block for the preparation of fluorescent peptides |
10.1038/ncomms10940 | 60,247,722 | Abstract Fluorescent antimicrobial peptides are promising structures for in situ , real-time imaging of fungal infection. Here we report a fluorogenic probe to image Aspergillus fumigatus directly in human pulmonary tissue. We have developed a fluorogenic Trp-BODIPY amino acid with a spacer-free C-C linkage between Trp... | 10.1038/s41570-020-0186-z | First report of Trp-BODIPY as a fluorogenic amino acid to non-invasively label peptides for live-cell and ex vivo tissue imaging |
10.1073/pnas.1220398110 | 60,280,960 | Atomic-scale models on the gating mechanism of voltage-gated potassium channels (Kv) are based on linear interpolations between static structures of their initial and final state derived from crystallography and molecular dynamics simulations, and, thus, lack dynamic structural information. The lack of information on d... | 10.1038/s41570-020-0186-z | The incorporation of ANAP into proteins enabled the investigation of the gating mechanism of voltage-gated potassium channels |
10.1002/mnfr.201800427 | 41,122,477 | Scope Gut microbiota imbalance, inflammation, and gut barrier deficiency play an important role in carcinogenesis. Sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate found in cruciferous vegetables, has been proven to be highly effective in inhibiting cancer. The objective of this study is to investigate the potential roles of the ... | 10.1038/s41585-022-00611-3 | First analysis of gut microbiome in patients with bladder cancer |
10.1038/s41598-018-29054-w | 79,709,605 | Abstract Recent findings suggest that human microbiome can influence the development of cancer, but the role of microorganisms in bladder cancer pathogenesis has not been explored yet. The aim of this study was to characterize and compare the urinary microbiome of bladder cancer patients with those of healthy controls.... | 10.1038/s41585-022-00611-3 | Early analysis of the urinary microbiome in patients with bladder cancer |
10.1111/j.2517-6161.1972.tb00899.x | 62,624,504 | Summary The analysis of censored failure times is considered. It is assumed that on each individual are available values of one or more explanatory variables. The hazard function (age-specific failure rate) is taken to be a function of the explanatory variables and unknown regression coefficients multiplied by an arbit... | 10.1038/s41523-021-00294-w | Regression Models and Life-Tables Authors (s): D. R. Cox Source: Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B (Methodological), Vol. 34, No. 2 Published by: Wiley for the Royal Statistical Society Stable URL |
10.1038/ncomms14167 | 41,079,940 | Abstract To understand how diverse progenitor cells contribute to human neocortex development, we examined forebrain progenitor behaviour using timelapse imaging. Here we find that cell cycle dynamics of human neuroepithelial (NE) cells differ from radial glial (RG) cells in both primary tissue and in stem cell-derived... | 10.1038/s41583-022-00631-3 | This study identifies changes in mitotic behaviour between primary human neuroepithelial cells and radial glial cells, which impact the morphology and polarity of the radial glial scaffold |
10.1038/s41593-020-00794-1 | 41,512,361 | Abstract The human cortex comprises diverse cell types that emerge from an initially uniform neuroepithelium that gives rise to radial glia, the neural stem cells of the cortex. To characterize the earliest stages of human brain development, we performed single-cell RNA-sequencing across regions of the developing human... | 10.1038/s41583-022-00631-3 | This work transcriptionally characterizes primary human neuroepithelial cells from first-trimester cortical tissue and shows that there is distinct marker gene expression in different subpopulations |
10.1073/pnas.1315710110 | 20,421,745 | Significance Using 3D culture of human ES cells, we show new self-organizing aspects of human corticogenesis: spontaneous development of intracortical polarity, curving morphology, and complex zone separations. Moreover, this culture generates species-specific progenitors, outer radial glia, which are abundantly presen... | 10.1038/s41583-022-00631-3 | This foundational study establishes regionally specified cortical organoid-like aggregates from human embryonic stem cells for the study of human neural development |
10.1073/pnas.1808066115 | 107,188,131 | The primary stem cells of the cerebral cortex are the radial glial cells (RGCs), and disturbances in their operation lead to myriad brain disorders in all mammals from mice to humans. Here, we found in mice that maternal gestational obesity and hyperglycemia can impair the maturation of RGC fibers and delay cortical ne... | 10.1038/s41583-022-00631-3 | This study shows that appropriate metabolic regulation and trafficking of mitochondria into radial glial processes for energy is required to maintain radial glial cell morphology and radial scaffold integrity |
10.1126/science.aaa1975 | 62,566,030 | Build the builders before the brain Humans are much smarter than mice—key to this is the relative thickness of the human brain's neocortex. Florio et al. combed through genes expressed in the progenitor cells that build the neocortex and zeroed in on one gene found in humans but not in mice. The gene, which seems to di... | 10.1038/s41583-022-00631-3 | This study shows that alterations in the Rho GTPase ARHGAP11B increase the numbers of basal progenitors by altering the cell polarity and proliferation of oRG cells |
10.1126/science.102031 | 18,688,135 | When the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in one hemisphere of a rhesus monkey is resected 6 weeks before birth and the fetus survives to postnatal ages, neurons of the corresponding cortex in the intact hemisphere issue a greatly expanded projection to the contralateral caudate nucleus in addition to a normal projection... | 10.1038/s41583-022-00631-3 | This study shows that radial glial cells form the radial scaffold, upon which neurons migrate, and newborn neurons localize to radial positions to form cortical columns |
10.1038/s41467-019-10497-2 | 4,788,198 | Abstract Primary microcephaly is caused by mutations in genes encoding centrosomal proteins including WDR62 and KIF2A. However, mechanisms underlying human microcephaly remain elusive. By creating mutant mice and human cerebral organoids, here we found that WDR62 deletion resulted in a reduction in the size of mouse br... | 10.1038/s41583-022-00631-3 | Using organoids, this study evaluates the role of WDR62 in cilium assembly and localization and identifies a contribution to appropriate radial glial proliferation |
10.1126/science.aax3338 | 123,076,092 | Although Huntington’s disease is a late-manifesting neurodegenerative disorder, both mouse studies and neuroimaging studies of presymptomatic mutation carriers suggest that Huntington’s disease might affect neurodevelopment. To determine whether this is actually the case, we examined tissue from human fetuses (13 weeks... | 10.1038/s41583-022-00631-3 | This study identifies differences in progenitor cell polarity in primary human cortical tissue carrying the Huntington mutation during neurogenesis |
10.1126/science.aan0677 | 39,246,408 | Light, fat, and commensals The gut microbiota facilitates energy harvest from food and transfers it into fat storage. Working in mice, Wang et al. found that an epithelial cell circadian transcription factor, NFIL3, is involved in regulating body composition through lipid uptake. Flagellin and lipopolysaccharide produc... | 10.1038/s41575-021-00452-2 | This study identifies a specific molecular pathway through which the gut microbiota regulates host metabolism, which also involves ILCs, suggesting that the intestinal immune system can be involved in the interactions between the gut microbiota and host circadian control of metabolism |
10.31223/osf.io/wrqb9 | 9,480,446 | The Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) has been losing mass at an accelerating rate since the mid-1990s. This has been due to both increased ice discharge into the ocean and melting at the surface, with the latter being the dominant contribution. This change in state has been attributed to rising temperatures and a decrease in... | 10.1038/s41558-018-0305-8 | This study highlights the importance of cloud cover changes on surface energy and mass balance in Greenland |
10.5194/tc-9-1039-2015 | 17,801,977 | Abstract. Continuing global warming will have a strong impact on the Greenland ice sheet in the coming centuries. During the last decade (2000–2010), both increased melt-water runoff and enhanced ice discharge from calving glaciers have contributed 0.6 ± 0.1 mm yr−1 to global sea-level rise, with a relative contributio... | 10.1038/s41558-018-0305-8 | Authoritative study on GrIS future change and resulting SLR to 2300, indicating that volume loss is mainly caused by increased surface melting and that the largest modelled uncertainties relate to surface mass balance and the underpinning climate projections rather than ice-sheet dynamics |
10.5194/tc-10-477-2016 | 123,881,078 | Abstract. The surface energy balance and meltwater production of the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) are modulated by snow and ice albedo through the amount of absorbed solar radiation. Here we show, using space-borne multispectral data collected during the 3 decades from 1981 to 2012, that summertime surface albedo over th... | 10.1038/s41558-018-0305-8 | An excellent and detailed review highlighting the importance of albedo changes in Greenland |
10.5194/gmd-9-4521-2016 | 102,249,357 | Abstract. Reducing the uncertainty in the past, present, and future contribution of ice sheets to sea-level change requires a coordinated effort between the climate and glaciology communities. The Ice Sheet Model Intercomparison Project for CMIP6 (ISMIP6) is the primary activity within the Coupled Model Intercomparison... | 10.1038/s41558-018-0305-8 | Outline of the new phase of ice-sheet model intercomparisons linked to CMIP6 |
10.1126/science.aaa2151 | 104,416,671 | Fibroblasts in fibrosis Excess fibrous connective tissue, similar to scarring, forms during the repair of injuries. Fibroblasts are known to be involved, but their role is poorly characterized. Rinkevich et al. identify two lineages of dermal fibroblasts in the dorsal skin of mice (see the Perspective by Sennett and Re... | 10.1038/s41590-020-0741-2 | This study identified and analyzed a specific dermal lineage with important functions in fibrosis |
10.1101/101691 | 6,631,162 | Abstract Although genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified many risk loci for complex traits and common diseases, most of the identified associations reside in noncoding regions and have unknown biological functions. Recent genomic sequencing studies have produced a rich resource of annotations that help... | 10.1038/s41572-021-00265-2 | This is the largest genetic study of age-related macular degeneration showing 52 genetic variants of 34 loci that are associated with the disease, and potential pathways of pathogenesis are noted |
10.1126/science.aaa9886 | 124,036,734 | Advances in seeing small things Electron microscopes, particularly those with aberration correction, can view materials at the subnanometer scale. Additional improvements make it possible to obtain images at lower electron doses, thus minimizing the damage to the sample. However, for a number of materials, particularly... | 10.1038/s41578-018-0071-2 | This article discusses the range of problems accessible with closed liquid cell electron microscopy |
10.1073/pnas.0809567106 | 103,486,042 | Single gold-tagged epidermal growth factor (EGF) molecules bound to cellular EGF receptors of fixed fibroblast cells were imaged in liquid with a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). The cells were placed in buffer solution in a microfluidic device with electron transparent windows inside the vacuum of the... | 10.1038/s41578-018-0071-2 | This is the first demonstration of nanometre resolution in micrometre thick liquids containing a mammalian cell |
10.1126/science.1217654 | 62,100,965 | We introduce a new type of liquid cell for in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) based on entrapment of a liquid film between layers of graphene. The graphene liquid cell facilitates atomic-level resolution imaging while sustaining the most realistic liquid conditions achievable under electron-beam radiation. ... | 10.1038/s41578-018-0071-2 | This is the first demonstration of the high resolution possible with a graphene liquid cell |
10.1126/science.1172104 | 38,251,760 | Mergers and Acquisitions The crystallization of small molecules or polymers is often described in terms of a nucleation stage, where initial clusters form, followed by a distinct growth stage. Growth can come from the addition of unbound molecules, or through “Ostwald ripening” where larger crystals grow at the expense... | 10.1038/s41578-018-0071-2 | This is the first observation of nanoparticle growth using liquid cell electron microscopy |
10.1126/science.6795717 | 19,845,113 | When two small doses of ethanol were administered to pregnant mice during the gastrulation stage of embryogenesis, the embryos developed craniofacial malformations closely resembling those seen in the human fetal alcohol syndrome. Striking histological changes appeared in the developing brain (neuroectoderm) within 24 ... | 10.1038/s41572-023-00420-x | This article demonstrates the replicability of the sentinel facial characteristics of FASD in a mouse model of PAE and the importance of the timing of PAE in determining dysmorphology. |
10.1111/acer.13820 | 115,146,910 | Background Since the 1970s, a range of facial, neurostructural, and neurocognitive adverse effects have been shown to be associated with prenatal alcohol exposure. Typically, these effects are studied individually and not in combination. Our objective is to improve the understanding of the teratogenic effects of prenat... | 10.1038/s41572-023-00420-x | Shows the potential of 3D imaging in identifying individuals with FASD and PAE. |
10.1111/acer.14040 | 41,496,282 | In utero alcohol exposure can disrupt the development of the fetal brain and result in a wide range of neurobehavioral outcomes collectively known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders ( FASD ). This paper provides a comprehensive review of the cognitive and behavioral outcomes of prenatal alcohol exposure, including dom... | 10.1038/s41572-023-00420-x | This article outlines the key neurodevelopmental characteristics in children with PAE and FASD. |
10.1126/science.1257594 | 62,122,163 | Changing tastes in marine microbe food webs Protists are single-celled organisms complete with nuclei, organelles, and symbionts, and possess a multiplicity of physiological talents. They are ubiquitous, abundant, and often neglected by science. Worden et al. review the challenges of understanding the role protists pla... | 10.1038/s41564-022-01199-5 | An article that presents the lifestyles, ecological roles and overlooked behaviours of marine protists. |
10.1073/pnas.1907517116 | 123,013,226 | Giant viruses are remarkable for their large genomes, often rivaling those of small bacteria, and for having genes thought exclusive to cellular life. Most isolated to date infect nonmarine protists, leaving their strategies and prevalence in marine environments largely unknown. Using eukaryotic single-cell metagenomic... | 10.1038/s41564-022-01199-5 | This paper reports the discovery and genome content of the first giant virus known to infect choanoflagellates. |
10.1038/s41467-021-26918-0 | 133,896,251 | Abstract The endosymbiotic origin of plastids from cyanobacteria gave eukaryotes photosynthetic capabilities and launched the diversification of countless forms of algae. These primary plastids are found in members of the eukaryotic supergroup Archaeplastida. All known archaeplastids still retain some form of primary p... | 10.1038/s41564-022-01199-5 | This article reports single-cell genomes from multiple marine samples and sorting approaches, and demonstrates the phylogenomic position of the uncultivated Picozoa. |
10.1002/cncr.21778 | 20,663,140 | Abstract BACKGROUND Unique metastatic patterns cited in the literature often arise from anecdotal clinical observations and autopsy reports. The authors analyzed clinical data from a large number of patients with histologically confirmed, distant‐stage adenocarcinoma to evaluate metastatic patterns. METHODS Tumor regis... | 10.1038/s41572-021-00261-6 | Registry analysis of the metastatic patterns for the main sites of primary adenocarcinoma |
10.1002/cncr.28509 | 38,429,930 | BACKGROUND The American Cancer Society (ACS), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the National Cancer Institute (NCI), and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACCR) collaborate annually to provide updates on cancer incidence and death rates and trends in these outcomes for t... | 10.1038/s41572-021-00261-6 | Analysis over a period of 35 years on how cancer incidence changed for colorectal, breast, lung and prostate cancer |
10.1159/000441834 | 48,772,687 | Hummingbirds are a group of small, highly specialized birds that display a range of adaptations to their nectarivorous lifestyle. Vision plays a key role in hummingbird feeding and hovering behaviours, yet very little is known about the visual systems of these birds. In this study, we measured eye morphology in 5 hummi... | 10.1038/s41583-019-0242-1 | Anatomical study on RGCs in the retinas of hummingbirds, with a key discussion of avian retinal organization in general |
10.1002/cne.24190 | 102,954,212 | Abstract The retinae of many bird species contain a depression with high photoreceptor density known as the fovea. Many species of raptors have two foveae, a deep central fovea and a shallower temporal fovea. Birds have six types of photoreceptors: rods, active in dim light, double cones that are thought to mediate ach... | 10.1038/s41583-019-0242-1 | Study showing that the central but not the temporal foveas of raptors tend to lack the double cones that are traditionally associated with achromatic high-spatial-acuity vision. These birds might therefore use high-resolution tetrachromatic vision for high-spatial-acuity tasks |
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