source_doi stringlengths 13 57 | source_mag_paper_id int64 490k 157M | source_abstract stringlengths 8 10.7k | target_doi stringlengths 14 27 | target_summary stringlengths 42 889 |
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10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01510.x | 20,650,021 | Abstract Dense surface blooms of toxic cyanobacteria in eutrophic lakes may lead to mass mortalities of fish and birds, and provide a serious health threat for cattle, pets, and humans. It has been argued that global warming may increase the incidence of harmful algal blooms. Here, we report on a lake experiment where ... | 10.1038/s41579-018-0040-1 | This study couples a hydrodynamic model and phytoplankton competition model to investigate how an extreme summer heat wave favours surface blooms of harmful cyanobacteria |
10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02488.x | 20,694,879 | Abstract Dominance by cyanobacteria hampers human use of lakes and reservoirs worldwide. Previous studies indicate that excessive nutrient loading and warmer conditions promote dominance by cyanobacteria, but evidence from global scale field data has so far been scarce. Our analysis, based on a study of 143 lakes along... | 10.1038/s41579-018-0040-1 | This study compares cyanobacterial abundance in 143 lakes along a latitudinal transect from the subarctic to the tropics and shows that the per cent cyanobacteria increases steeply with temperature |
10.1073/pnas.1216006110 | 104,269,417 | In 2011, Lake Erie experienced the largest harmful algal bloom in its recorded history, with a peak intensity over three times greater than any previously observed bloom. Here we show that long-term trends in agricultural practices are consistent with increasing phosphorus loading to the western basin of the lake, and ... | 10.1038/s41579-018-0040-1 | This study reports how a wet spring causing high nutrient run-off from agriculture, followed by a long, warm summer, led to one of the largest cyanobacterial blooms in the history of Lake Erie |
10.1111/ele.12420 | 62,125,793 | Abstract Increases in atmospheric temperature and nutrients from land are thought to be promoting the expansion of harmful cyanobacteria in lakes worldwide, yet to date there has been no quantitative synthesis of long‐term trends. To test whether cyanobacteria have increased in abundance over the past ~ 200 years and e... | 10.1038/s41579-018-0040-1 | This study analyses more than 100 sedimentary records and shows that cyanobacterial dominance has increased over the past 200 years in temperate and subarctic lakes across the northern hemisphere |
10.5194/bg-11-3619-2014 | 20,525,166 | Abstract. Cyanobacteria, primarily of the species \\textit{Nodularia spumigena}, form extensive surface accumulations in the Baltic Sea in July and August, ranging from diffuse flakes to dense surface scums. The area of these accumulations can reach ~ 200 000 km2. We describe the compilation of a 35-year-long time seri... | 10.1038/s41579-018-0040-1 | This study illustrates how satellite remote sensing contributes to long-term monitoring of cyanobacterial blooms |
10.1073/pnas.1602435113 | 104,308,746 | Rising atmospheric CO 2 concentrations are likely to affect many ecosystems worldwide. However, to what extent elevated CO 2 will induce evolutionary changes in photosynthetic organisms is still a major open question. Here, we show rapid microevolutionary adaptation of a harmful cyanobacterium to changes in inorganic c... | 10.1038/s41579-018-0040-1 | This study demonstrates with selection experiments and field data that increasing CO 2 concentrations induce rapid adaptive changes in the CCM of cyanobacterial blooms |
10.1128/mr.58.1.94-144.1994 | 41,757,717 | The gas vesicle is a hollow structure made of protein. It usually has the form of a cylindrical tube closed by conical end caps. Gas vesicles occur in five phyla of the Bacteria and two groups of the Archaea, but they are mostly restricted to planktonic microorganisms, in which they provide buoyancy. By regulating thei... | 10.1038/s41579-018-0040-1 | This classic review is a must-read for everyone interested in the gas vesicles of buoyant cyanobacteria |
10.1111/j.1752-4571.2011.00225.x | 123,208,654 | Abstract Toxic algal blooms are an important problem worldwide. The literature on toxic cyanobacteria blooms in inland waters reports widely divergent results on whether zooplankton can control cyanobacteria blooms or cyanobacteria suppress zooplankton by their toxins. Here we test whether this may be due to genotype ×... | 10.1038/s41579-018-0040-1 | This interesting study illustrates the co-evolutionary arms race between toxic cyanobacteria and their grazers |
10.3390/toxins10040156 | 20,529,906 | Insight into how environmental change determines the production and distribution of cyanobacterial toxins is necessary for risk assessment. Management guidelines currently focus on hepatotoxins (microcystins). Increasing attention is given to other classes, such as neurotoxins (e.g., anatoxin-a) and cytotoxins (e.g., c... | 10.1038/s41579-018-0040-1 | This recent study presents the first large inventory of the geographical distribution of cyanotoxins on a continental scale |
10.1111/j.1365-2818.1981.tb01227.x | 40,208,018 | SUMMARY The seventeenth‐century Dutch microscopist, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, was the first man to make a protracted study of microscopical objects, and, unlike his contemporary Robert Hooke, he viewed by transmitted light. Leeuwenhoek made over 500 of his own, curious, simple microscopes, but now only nine are known to ... | 10.1038/s41579-018-0040-1 | In this online magazine, the Dutch microscopist Wim van Egmond argues convincingly that Antonie van Leeuwenhoek observed cyanobacterial cells in 1674, 2 years before his often cited ‘discovery of bacteria’. |
10.1126/science.1175371 | 125,297,532 | Lysine Acetylation Catalog Covalent posttranslational modification is an essential cellular regulatory mechanism by which the activity of proteins can be controlled. Advances in mass spectrometry made it possible for Choudhary et al. (p. 834 , published online 16 July) to assess the prevalence of lysine acetylation thr... | 10.1038/s41577-018-0037-z | This work provides an analysis of global lysine acetylation sites on proteins in several human cell lines and reveals that lysine acetylation preferentially targets large macromolecular complexes involved in diverse cellular processes, indicating that lysine acetylation is broad and comparable to other major post-trans... |
10.1182/blood-2009-02-207118 | 4,858,856 | Abstract Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a specific subset of lymphocytes that are critical for the maintenance of self-tolerance. Expression levels of the transcription factor Foxp3 have been causally associated with Treg differentiation and function. Recent studies show that Foxp3 can also be transiently expressed in ... | 10.1038/s41577-018-0037-z | This study shows that modulation of the acetylation state of FOXP3 provides a novel molecular mechanism for assuring rapid temporal control of FOXP3 levels in T cells, thereby regulating T reg cell numbers and functionality |
10.4049/jimmunol.169.2.647 | 83,370,455 | Abstract Peripheral T cell differentiation is accompanied by chromatin changes at the signature cytokine loci. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation we demonstrate that profound increases in histone acetylation occur at the IFN-γ and IL-4 loci during Th1/Th2 differentiation. These changes in histone acetylation status ar... | 10.1038/s41577-018-0037-z | References 82 and 83 are the first studies to demonstrate that T H 1 cell and T H 2 cell differentiation are associated with dynamic changes in histone acetylation patterns at the respective cytokine loci |
10.1073/pnas.0700298104 | 41,231,027 | The forkhead family protein FOXP3 acts as a repressor of transcription and is both an essential and sufficient regulator of the development and function of regulatory T cells. The molecular mechanism by which FOXP3-mediated transcriptional repression occurs remains unclear. Here, we report that transcriptional repressi... | 10.1038/s41577-018-0037-z | This publication reveals that FOXP3 actively mediates transcriptional repression via either a HAT-containing complex or an HDAC-containing complex |
10.1084/jem.20132378 | 103,818,872 | The balance of effector and regulatory T cell function, dependent on multiple signals and epigenetic regulators, is critical to immune self-tolerance. Dysregulation of T helper 17 (Th17) effector cells is associated with multiple autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis. Here, we report that Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1),... | 10.1038/s41577-018-0037-z | This work shows that loss of SIRT1 leads to RORγt hyperacetylation, which reduces RORγt activity, impairs T H 17 cell differentiation and reduces clinical EAE score, suggesting that SIRT1 inhibition is a therapeutic approach against autoimmunity |
10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317878 | 62,498,392 | T cell clonal expansions are present in the inflamed mucosa of patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and may be implicated in postoperative recurrence after ileocolonic resection. Methods T cell receptor (TCR) analysis was performed in 57 patients included in a prospective multicentre cohort. Endoscopic recurrence was def... | 10.1038/s41575-021-00424-6 | A T cell receptor (TCR) analysis was performed of the ileum of patients with Crohn’s disease before and after ileocaecal resection, identifying a subgroup with a persistence of similar TCR repertoire, which was associated with smoking and recurrent disease |
10.1126/science.1237013 | 20,850,337 | GPR15 Gets T regs to Guard the Gut The large intestine is the site that is typically most inflamed in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, which are thought to result when the immune system is not able to keep the peace with trillions of resident gut microbes. The immune system does this by recruiting specific cell ... | 10.1038/s41575-021-00424-6 | This study identified GPR15, an orphan heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G-protein)-coupled receptor as the homing receptor in particular for T cells to the lamina propria of the colon |
10.1126/science.abb5008 | 41,498,010 | A defining step in the biogenesis of a membrane protein is the insertion of its hydrophobic transmembrane helices into the lipid bilayer. The nine-subunit endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein complex (EMC) is a conserved co- and posttranslational insertase at the ER. We determined the structure of the human EMC ... | 10.1038/s41594-021-00567-9 | This work presents the cryo-EM structure of the human EMC, identifying EMC3 as the site for insertion and the hydrophilic groove as functionally important |
10.1016/j.molonc.2013.09.003 | 78,295,916 | Kallikrein‐related peptidases, in particular KLK4, 5, 6 and 7 (4–7), often have elevated expression levels in ovarian cancer. In OV‐MZ‐6 ovarian cancer cells, combined expression of KLK4–7 reduces cell adhesion and increases cell invasion and resistance to paclitaxel. The present work investigates how KLK4–7 shape the ... | 10.1038/s41568-021-00436-z | This work is the first cell-contextual proteomic and degradomic analysis for KLK4–KLK7 highlighting the significance of such studies in annotating the role of proteases in tumour biology |
10.1515/hsz-2017-0338 | 115,138,977 | Abstract In the human neutrophil, kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) have a significant functional relationship with the classical kinin system as a kinin B1 receptor agonist induces secretion of KLK1, KLK6, KLK10, KLK13 and KLK14 into the medium. Secretion of KLK1, the kinin-forming enzyme, may perpetuate formation ... | 10.1038/s41568-021-00436-z | This study highlights the importance of the bioregulation of KLKs by kinins |
10.1002/pros.10256 | 81,080,245 | Abstract BACKGROUND Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is a kallikrein family member with serine protease activity commonly used as a diagnostic marker for prostate cancer. We recently described anti‐angiogenic properties of PSA [Fortier et al.: JNCI 91:1635–1640]. METHODS Two forms of PSA were cloned and expressed in Pic... | 10.1038/s41568-021-00436-z | Together with Kryza et al. (2014) and Heidtmann et al. (1999), this work shows the effect of KLKs on angiogenesis |
10.1038/srep35385 | 92,043,459 | Abstract The kallikrein-related peptidase (KLK) family of proteases is involved in many aspects of human health and disease. One member of this family, KLK4, has been implicated in cancer development and metastasis. Understanding mechanisms of inactivation are critical to developing selective KLK4 inhibitors. We have d... | 10.1038/s41568-021-00436-z | Together with Koistinen et al. (2008), Hekim et al. (2006), Cloutier et al. (2004) and Pakkala et al. (2007), this work highlights the utility of peptides in inhibiting specific kallikreins |
10.1126/science.1135774 | 41,516,345 | In the developing fly wing, secreted morphogens such as Decapentaplegic (Dpp) and Wingless (Wg) form gradients of concentration providing positional information. Dpp forms a longer-range gradient than Wg. To understand how the range is controlled, we measured the four key kinetic parameters governing morphogen spreadin... | 10.1038/s41576-021-00342-y | In this study, FRAP analysis in endocytosis-deficient tissue suggests that transcytosis could be required for Dpp transport (however, see also Belenkaya et al. (2004) and Zhou et al. (2012)) |
10.1242/dev.083519 | 29,276,088 | The graded distribution of morphogens underlies many of the tissue patterns that form during development. How morphogens disperse from a localized source and how gradients in the target tissue form has been under debate for decades. Recent imaging studies and biophysical measurements have provided evidence for various ... | 10.1038/s41576-021-00342-y | This article provides an excellent review of morphogen transport mechanisms with a biologist-friendly description of the key physical principles |
10.1126/science.aao0645 | 82,784,589 | How to build a better morphogen gradient To translate insights in developmental biology into medical applications, techniques are needed to ensure correct cell localization. Morphogen gradients allow precise and highly reproducible pattern formation during development. Through in vitro experiments and modeling, Li et a... | 10.1038/s41576-021-00342-y | In this study, in vitro reconstitution of the SHH morphogen gradient reveals how different domains of the SHH receptor contribute to length scale and amplitude robustness of the signalling gradient |
10.1126/science.abb8205 | 41,675,368 | Morphogen gradients provide positional information during development. To uncover the minimal requirements for morphogen gradient formation, we have engineered a synthetic morphogen in Drosophila wing primordia. We show that an inert protein, green fluorescent protein (GFP), can form a detectable diffusion-based gradie... | 10.1038/s41576-021-00342-y | This study demonstrates that, in the presence of high-affinity signalling receptors and GPI-anchored low-affinity non-signalling receptors, a diffusion-based GFP gradient can perform the function of a natural morphogen |
10.1126/science.abc0033 | 62,389,478 | In metazoan tissues, cells decide their fates by sensing positional information provided by specialized morphogen proteins. To explore what features are sufficient for positional encoding, we asked whether arbitrary molecules (e.g., green fluorescent protein or mCherry) could be converted into synthetic morphogens. Syn... | 10.1038/s41576-021-00342-y | In this article, the authors show that locally produced GFP and mCherry can activate a gradient of synthetic Notch receptor (synNotch) activity to pattern a field of cells in vitro |
10.1242/dev.113001 | 20,701,406 | Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) are clonal populations derived from preimplantation mouse embryos that can be propagated in vitro and, when placed into blastocysts, contribute to all tissues of the embryo and integrate into the normal morphogenetic processes, i.e. they are pluripotent. However, although they can be ... | 10.1038/s41576-021-00342-y | This study demonstrates that the collective behaviour of mouse embryonic stem cells in culture recapitulates symmetry breaking, axial organization, germ layer specification and axis elongation |
10.1038/ncomms15941 | 107,170,947 | Abstract The protection against backscattering provided by topology is a striking property. In two-dimensional insulators, a consequence of this topological protection is the ballistic nature of the one-dimensional helical edge states. One demonstration of ballisticity is the quantized Hall conductance. Here we provide... | 10.1038/s41567-022-01863-x | A paper reporting the discovery of protected states in bismuth nanocrystals. |
10.1126/science.abf9396 | 133,615,300 | Detecting orbital magnetism Graphene’s electronic structure has been predicted to lead to an unusual orbital response to magnetic fields. However, detecting this orbital magnetism is difficult because it is usually masked by the signal stemming from spins. Vallejo Bustamante et al . managed to capture this response by ... | 10.1038/s41567-022-01863-x | A paper demonstrating a sensitive detector for probing the orbital currents of Dirac materials. |
10.1126/science.278.5341.1295 | 41,669,424 | The hypothesis that quiescent CD4 + T lymphocytes carrying proviral DNA provide a reservoir for human immunodeficiency virus–type 1 (HIV-1) in patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was examined. In a study of 22 patients successfully treated with HAART for up to 30 months, replication-competent virus... | 10.1038/s41564-023-01321-1 | Study showing the presence of quiescent CD4 + T lymphocytes carrying proviral DNA in people living with HIV on ART. |
10.1002/eji.201747172 | 103,590,465 | Abstract In this article, we summarize the role of CD8 + T cells during natural and antiretroviral therapy (ART)‐treated HIV and SIV infections, discuss the mechanisms responsible for their suppressive activity, and review the rationale for CD8 + T cell‐based HIV cure strategies. Evidence suggests that CD8 + T cells ar... | 10.1038/s41564-023-01321-1 | Review summarizing the role of CD8 + T cells during natural and ART-treated HIV and SIV infections. |
10.1038/s41598-020-62139-z | 125,212,676 | Abstract Recent reports show that colorectal tumors contain microbiota that are distinct from those that reside in a ‘normal’ colon environment, and that these microbiota can contribute to cancer progression. Fusobacterium nucleatum is the most commonly observed species in the colorectal tumor microenvironment and repo... | 10.1038/s41586-020-2729-3 | This study shows that viable and heat-inactivated F. nucleatum induce different gene-expression profiles in three-dimensional tumour spheroids |
10.1126/science.279.5350.577 | 41,728,035 | Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors in the human digestive tract, but their molecular etiology and cellular origin are unknown. Sequencing of c- kit complementary DNA, which encodes a proto-oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase (KIT), from five GISTs revealed mutations in the reg... | 10.1038/s41572-021-00254-5 | The first article showing the presence of KIT mutations in sporadic and familial GIST |
10.1126/science.1079666 | 20,494,120 | Most gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) have activating mutations in the KIT receptor tyrosine kinase, and most patients with GISTs respond well to Gleevec, which inhibits KIT kinase activity. Here we show that ∼35% (14 of 40) of GISTs lacking KIT mutations have intragenic activation mutations in the related recep... | 10.1038/s41572-021-00254-5 | The first article showing mutually exclusive PDGFRA mutations in GIST without KIT mutations |
10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-3025 | 82,571,046 | Abstract Purpose: Platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha (PDGFRA) mutations are found in approximately 5% to 7% of advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). We sought to extensively assess the activity of imatinib in this subgroup. Experimental Design: We conducted an international survey among GIST refer... | 10.1038/s41572-021-00254-5 | An international retrospective analysis showing the activity of tyrosine kinase inhibition in GIST with different types of PDGFRA mutation |
10.1126/science.aao2774 | 62,583,728 | Cancer organoids to model therapy response Cancer organoids are miniature, three-dimensional cell culture models that can be made from primary patient tumors and studied in the laboratory. Vlachogiannis et al. asked whether such “tumor-in-a-dish” approaches can be used to predict drug responses in the clinic. They gene... | 10.1038/s41568-018-0007-6 | In this paper, Vlachogiannis and colleagues describe for the first time that drug responses in patient-derived tumour organoids recapitulate patient responses in the clinic. |
10.1146/annurev-marine-031921-013612 | 134,965,910 | A key Earth system science question is the role of atmospheric deposition in supplying vital nutrients to the phytoplankton that form the base of marine food webs. Industrial and vehicular pollution, wildfires, volcanoes, biogenic debris, and desert dust all carry nutrients within their plumes throughout the globe. In ... | 10.1038/s41561-022-01047-5 | A review article that discusses the interplay of dust and fire aerosol sources. |
10.1029/2020rg000726 | 128,108,720 | Abstract Recent wildfire outbreaks around the world have prompted concern that climate change is increasing fire incidence, threatening human livelihood and biodiversity, and perpetuating climate change. Here, we review current understanding of the impacts of climate change on fire weather (weather conditions conducive... | 10.1038/s41561-022-01047-5 | A review article that summarizes the trends and drivers of fire under climate change. |
10.5194/acp-21-8511-2021 | 135,559,127 | Abstract. Despite Australian dust's critical role in the regional climate and surrounding marine ecosystems, the controlling factors of the spatiotemporal variations of Australian dust are not fully understood. Here we assess the connections between observed spatiotemporal variations of Australian dust with key modes o... | 10.1038/s41561-022-01047-5 | A study on the contribution of large-scale climate variability to dust activity in Australia. |
10.1126/science.aao4572 | 62,604,459 | HLA genotype affects response Immunotherapy works by activating the patient's own immune system to fight cancer. For effective tumor killing, CD8 + T cells recognize tumor peptides presented by human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) molecules. In humans, there are three major HLA-I genes ( HLA-A, HLA-B , and HLA-C ). ... | 10.1038/s41565-020-00817-9 | This study showed that increased diversity in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) was associated with better survival in patients treated with immune checkpoint blockades, showing that the germline genetic diversity contributes to heterogeneous immunotherapy response |
10.1126/science.aan4236 | 125,332,446 | Preclinical mouse models suggest that the gut microbiome modulates tumor response to checkpoint blockade immunotherapy; however, this has not been well-characterized in human cancer patients. Here we examined the oral and gut microbiome of melanoma patients undergoing anti–programmed cell death 1 protein (PD-1) immunot... | 10.1038/s41565-020-00817-9 | This study showed that the patients who responded to anti-PD-1 therapy had a different gut microbiome composition compared with non-responders, and that faecal transplants from responding patients can enhance antitumour immunity in germ-free mice |
10.1126/scitranslmed.abg3277 | 130,831,888 | Crescentic glomerulonephritis is characterized by vascular necrosis and parietal epithelial cell hyperplasia in the space surrounding the glomerulus, resulting in the formation of crescents. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms driving this process. Inducing crescentic glomerulonephritis in two Pax2Cre report... | 10.1038/s41577-022-00816-y | This study defines the participation of clonally expanded glomerular cells in severe glomerular injury and how tissue progenitors could assist in preserving glomerular structure and function in severe immune-mediated GN |
10.1038/s41467-018-03181-4 | 81,537,901 | Abstract Although effector CD4 + T cells readily respond to antigen outside the vasculature, how they respond to intravascular antigens is unknown. Here we show the process of intravascular antigen recognition using intravital multiphoton microscopy of glomeruli. CD4 + T cells undergo intravascular migration within uni... | 10.1038/s41577-022-00816-y | This study discovers that antigens can be presented to effector CD4 + T cells within the microvasculature of the glomerulus by intravascular monocytes |
10.1126/sciimmunol.aba4163 | 107,297,491 | Although it is well established that microbial infections predispose to autoimmune diseases, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. After infection, tissue-resident memory T (T RM ) cells persist in peripheral organs and provide immune protection against reinfection. However, whether T RM cells participate... | 10.1038/s41577-022-00816-y | This study implicates CD4 + tissue-resident memory T cells within the kidney in immune glomerular disease |
10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz6280 | 143,408,907 | The sensitivity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis , the pathogen that causes tuberculosis (TB), to antibiotic prodrugs is dependent on the efficacy of the activation process that transforms the prodrugs into their active antibacterial moieties. Various oxidases of M. tuberculosis have the potential to activate the prodrug ... | 10.1038/s41570-023-00472-3 | This study emphasizes the role of metabolic knowledge in designing a compound that reverses the resistance mechanism of the target drug |
10.1136/gutjnl-2019-320204 | 41,756,523 | The human gut microbiome is a complex ecosystem that can mediate the interaction of the human host with their environment. The interaction between gut microbes and commonly used non-antibiotic drugs is complex and bidirectional: gut microbiome composition can be influenced by drugs, but, vice versa, the gut microbiome ... | 10.1038/s41570-023-00472-3 | This review discusses the bidirectional interactions between the gut microbiome and drugs |
10.1084/jem.144.3.828 | 18,631,246 | An in vitro model is described for studying the interaction between lymphocytes and high-endothelial venules (HEV) of lymph nodes. Rat or mouse lymphocytes which were layered over fixed sections of syngeneic lymph nodes adhered selectively to the endothelium of HEV but did not bind to other vascular endothelia. Evidenc... | 10.1038/s41573-020-00093-1 | This report highlights the importance of catch bonds in selectin–ligand interactions and establishes the shear stress-based assay that enabled the next several decades of research on selectins |
10.1126/science.7618087 | 100,645,663 | CD22 is a membrane immunoglobulin (mIg)-associated protein of B cells. CD22 is tyrosine-phosphorylated when mIg is ligated. Tyrosine-phosphorylated CD22 binds and activates SHP, a protein tyrosine phosphatase known to negatively regulate signaling through mIg. Ligation of CD22 to prevent its coaggregation with mIg lowe... | 10.1038/s41573-020-00093-1 | This report establishes that CD22 is a negative regulator of B cell function |
10.4049/jimmunol.1001635 | 82,293,784 | Abstract Sialylation of tumor cells is involved in various aspects of their malignancy (proliferation, motility, invasion, and metastasis); however, its effect on the process of immunoediting that affects tumor cell immunogenicity has not been studied. We have shown that in mice with impaired immunoediting, such as in ... | 10.1038/s41573-020-00093-1 | This report is among the first to provide definitive evidence that tumour sialic acid promotes evasion from immune surveillance |
10.5194/acp-11-165-2011 | 103,796,642 | Abstract. On average, airborne aerosol particles cool the Earth's surface directly by absorbing and scattering sunlight and indirectly by influencing cloud reflectivity, life time, thickness or extent. Here we show that over the central Arctic Ocean, where there is frequently a lack of aerosol particles upon which clou... | 10.1038/s41558-020-00969-5 | Case-study-based demonstration of the importance of aerosol particles for cloud formation |
10.5194/acp-19-2527-2019 | 45,497,246 | Abstract. Motivated by the need to predict how the Arctic atmosphere will change in a warming world, this article summarizes recent advances made by the research consortium NETCARE (Network on Climate and Aerosols: Addressing Key Uncertainties in Remote Canadian Environments) that contribute to our fundamental understa... | 10.1038/s41558-020-00969-5 | Comprehensive summary and description of the state-of-the-art in Arctic aerosol research |
10.5194/acp-19-2015-2019 | 83,108,354 | Abstract. The Nordic Centre of Excellence CRAICC (Cryosphere–Atmosphere Interactions in a Changing Arctic Climate), funded by NordForsk in the years 2011–2016, is the largest joint Nordic research and innovation initiative to date, aiming to strengthen research and innovation regarding climate change issues in the Nord... | 10.1038/s41558-020-00969-5 | Overview on aerosol processes linked to the interactions between the cryosphere, ecosystems and the atmosphere |
10.5194/acp-19-2787-2019 | 17,659,465 | Abstract. Summertime Arctic aerosol size distributions are strongly controlled by natural regional emissions. Within this context, we use a chemical transport model with size-resolved aerosol microphysics (GEOS-Chem-TOMAS) to interpret measurements of aerosol size distributions from the Canadian Arctic Archipelago duri... | 10.1038/s41558-020-00969-5 | Highlights the importance of volatile organic compounds for secondary aerosol formation in the Arctic |
10.1002/jgrd.50613 | 39,211,849 | In this study, we address the question of how sensitive the Arctic climate is to black carbon (BC) emitted within the Arctic compared to BC emitted at midlatitudes. We consider the emission‐climate response spectrum and present a set of experiments using a global climate model. A new emission data set including BC emis... | 10.1038/s41558-020-00969-5 | Quantification of the local and remote Arctic climate effect of black carbon |
10.1073/pnas.1904378116 | 103,797,119 | Dimethylsulfide (DMS), a gas produced by marine microbial food webs, promotes aerosol formation in pristine atmospheres, altering cloud radiative forcing and precipitation. Recent studies suggest that DMS controls aerosol formation in the summertime Arctic atmosphere and call for an assessment of pan-Arctic DMS emissio... | 10.1038/s41558-020-00969-5 | Observational proof of the changing natural Arctic system with implications on aerosol formation |
10.5194/acp-17-8101-2017 | 61,052,403 | Abstract. The Arctic environment has an amplified response to global climatic change. It is sensitive to human activities that mostly take place elsewhere. For this study, a multi-year set of observed aerosol number size distributions in the diameter range of 10 to 500 nm from five sites around the Arctic Ocean (Alert,... | 10.1038/s41558-020-00969-5 | Makes the point of the heterogeneity of the Arctic regions through discussion of aerosol size distributions |
10.1002/adma.201701460 | 60,721,393 | Abstract The last decade has seen dramatic progress in the principle, design, and fabrication of photonic nanomaterials with various optical properties and functionalities. Light‐emitting and light‐responsive nanomaterials, such as semiconductor quantum dots, plasmonic metal nanoparticles, organic carbon, and polymeric... | 10.1038/s41578-019-0167-3 | This review paper describes the fundamental science, synthetic concepts, characteristics and biomedical applications of multifunctional photonic nanomaterials that can interact through light with biological systems |
10.1126/sciadv.aap9841 | 19,176,561 | This study presents a soft, smart contact lens that provides real-time sensing for diabetes through a wireless display. | 10.1038/s41578-019-0167-3 | This paper describes smart contact lenses that can measure tear glucose concentration and display it using light-emitting diodes powered wirelessly |
10.1126/sciadv.aas9530 | 61,957,002 | Pulse oximetry sensors have been playing a key role as devices to monitor elemental yet critical human health states. Conventional pulse oximetry sensors, however, have relatively large power consumption, impeding their use as stand-alone, continuous monitoring systems that can easily be integrated with everyday life. ... | 10.1038/s41578-019-0167-3 | This paper describes thin-film photonic devices for pulse oximetry with significantly reduced power consumption, enabling all-day wearable healthcare |
10.1038/s41598-017-08464-2 | 61,269,221 | Abstract We present a novel way to select for highly polygenic traits. For millennia, humans have used observable phenotypes to selectively breed stronger or more productive livestock and crops. Selection on genotype, using single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genome profiling, is also now applied broadly in live... | 10.1038/s41576-020-0216-1 | This study provides a clear demonstration of the use of marker-assisted selection in honeybees |
10.1101/243139 | 30,479,673 | ABSTRACT Bee viral ecology is a fascinating emerging area of research: viruses exert a range of effects on their hosts, exacerbate the impacts of other environmental stressors, and, importantly, are readily shared across multiple bee species in a community. However, our understanding of bee viral communities is limited... | 10.1038/s41576-020-0216-1 | In this study, metagenomics is used to characterize the viruses infecting 12 bee species in populations collected from nine countries |
10.1111/mec.14975 | 123,414,658 | Abstract We explored the pollen foraging behaviour of honey bee colonies situated in the corn and soybean dominated agroecosystems of central Ohio over a month‐long period using both pollen metabarcoding and waggle dance inference of spatial foraging patterns. For molecular pollen analysis, we developed simple and cost... | 10.1038/s41576-020-0216-1 | This promising study shows the power of metagenomics and barcoding in providing quantitative data on the diversity and abundance of pollen collected by honeybees |
10.1128/aem.02105-16 | 122,582,250 | ABSTRACT Nosema ceranae is a new and emerging microsporidian parasite of European honey bees, Apis mellifera , that has been implicated in colony losses worldwide. RNA interference (RNAi), a posttranscriptional gene silencing mechanism, has emerged as a potent and specific strategy for controlling infections of parasit... | 10.1038/s41576-020-0216-1 | This study demonstrates the utility of RNAi in controlling pathogen and parasite populations in bees |
10.1136/bmj.k1315 | 83,477,597 | Abstract Objectives To estimate the association between the duration and level of exposure to different classes of anticholinergic drugs and subsequent incident dementia. Design Case-control study. Setting General practices in the UK contributing to the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Participants 40 770 patients ... | 10.1038/s41585-021-00504-x | An often-quoted study that suggests a potential causal association between anticholinergics and the eventual diagnosis of dementia |
10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.01737.x | 20,740,854 | The objective of this study was to measure the anticholinergic activity (AA) of medications commonly used by older adults. A radioreceptor assay was used to investigate the AA of 107 medications. Six clinically relevant concentrations were assessed for each medication. Rodent forebrain and striatum homogenate was used ... | 10.1038/s41585-021-00504-x | An in vitro study that quantifies the actual anticholinergic effect of common medications based on clinically relevant doses, and their ability to penetrate the CNS |
10.1111/bju.15040 | 100,196,729 | Objective To determine if there is an increased risk of dementia among patients with overactive bladder (OAB) starting an anticholinergic medication compared to those starting a beta‐3 agonist. Methods We conducted a population‐based, retrospective, matched cohort study using linked administrative data from Ontario, Ca... | 10.1038/s41585-021-00504-x | A retrospective administrative data study that demonstrated an increased risk of dementia among new users of OAB anticholinergics compared with new users of β3 agonists |
10.1126/science.aan5706 | 38,398,080 | Elucidating a bacterial sense of touch Bacteria can adhere to surfaces within the host. This leads to tissue colonization, induction of virulence, and eventually the formation of biofilms—multicellular bacterial communities that resist antibiotics and clearance by the immune system (see the Perspective by Hughes and Be... | 10.1038/s41579-019-0195-4 | This paper shows that surface binding by the T4P stops retraction, which signals production of the C. crescentus holdfast, and that retraction can be blocked by sterically obstructing passage of the pilus through the secretin channel. |
10.1126/science.aad2001 | 41,735,232 | How the bacterial pilus works Many bacteria, including important pathogens, move by projecting grappling-hook–like extensions called type IV pili from their cell bodies. After these pili attach to other cells or objects in their environment, the bacteria retract the pili to pull themselves forward. Chang et al. used el... | 10.1038/s41579-019-0195-4 | The study provides a comprehensive view of the intact T4P machine in the bacterial envelope |
10.1038/ncomms15091 | 17,583,724 | Abstract Type IVa pili are protein filaments essential for virulence in many bacterial pathogens; they extend and retract from the surface of bacterial cells to pull the bacteria forward. The motor ATPase PilB powers pilus assembly. Here we report the structures of the core ATPase domains of Geobacter metallireducens P... | 10.1038/s41579-019-0195-4 | ADP and ATP-analogue-bound PilB structures provide the basis for a model of nucleotide turnover in sequential subunits, leading to clockwise ring conformational deformation in the assembly ATPase and anticlockwise deformation in the disassembly ATPase |
10.1038/s41598-018-32218-3 | 11,073,569 | Abstract Type IV pili are responsible for a diverse range of functions, including twitching motility and cell adhesion. Assembly of the pilus fiber is driven by a cytoplasmic ATPase: it interacts with an inner membrane complex of biogenesis proteins which, in turn, bind to nascent pilin subunits and mediate fiber assem... | 10.1038/s41579-019-0195-4 | Single-particle electron microscopy reconstructions provide a model for how GSPII domains interact with the NTD and CTD in an assembly ATPase hexamer and highlight the ATP-dependent vertical shift of motor subunits, which likely have a role in pilus assembly |
10.1126/science.1141634 | 62,604,389 | Obesity is a serious international health problem that increases the risk of several common diseases. The genetic factors predisposing to obesity are poorly understood. A genome-wide search for type 2 diabetesâsusceptibility genes identified a common variant in the FTO (fat mass and obesity associated) gene that pred... | 10.1038/s41576-021-00414-z | This paper describes the first GWAS (for type 2 diabetes) to identify a locus ( FTO ) robustly associated with BMI |
10.1126/science.abf8683 | 62,198,079 | Large-scale human exome sequencing can identify rare protein-coding variants with a large impact on complex traits such as body adiposity. We sequenced the exomes of 645,626 individuals from the United Kingdom, the United States, and Mexico and estimated associations of rare coding variants with body mass index (BMI). ... | 10.1038/s41576-021-00414-z | This large-scale exome-wide discovery study reports the use of WES data to identify mutations associated with BMI |
10.1073/pnas.1707310114 | 107,386,491 | An intergenic region of human chromosome 2 (2p25.3) harbors genetic variants which are among those most strongly and reproducibly associated with obesity. The gene closest to these variants is TMEM18 , although the molecular mechanisms mediating these effects remain entirely unknown. Tmem18 expression in the murine hyp... | 10.1038/s41576-021-00414-z | Aside from the efforts at characterizing the FTO locus, this paper establishes a plausible role for yet another GWAS-identified candidate gene, TMEM18 , in energy homeostasis |
10.1038/s41467-017-01150-x | 104,384,929 | Abstract It is not known exactly where amyloid-β (Aβ) fibrils begin to accumulate in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recently, we showed that abnormal levels of Aβ42 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can be detected before abnormal amyloid can be detected using PET in individuals with preclinical AD. Using these ... | 10.1038/s41582-021-00529-1 | This article provides compelling evidence that Aβ accumulation preferentially starts in the DMN |
10.1093/brain/awz154 | 125,314,142 | Abstract Alzheimer’s disease researchers have been intrigued by the selective regional vulnerability of the brain to amyloid-β plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles. Post-mortem studies indicate that in ageing and Alzheimer’s disease tau tangles deposit early in the transentorhinal cortex, a region located in the ant... | 10.1038/s41582-021-00529-1 | This study reports evidence that tau and Aβ pathologies target distinctive functional brain networks in the ageing brain |
10.1038/s41467-019-14159-1 | 41,746,138 | Abstract In Alzheimer’s diseases (AD), tau pathology is strongly associated with cognitive decline. Preclinical evidence suggests that tau spreads across connected neurons in an activity-dependent manner. Supporting this, cross-sectional AD studies show that tau deposition patterns resemble functional brain networks. H... | 10.1038/s41582-021-00529-1 | This study reports the spatial relationships between that tau accumulation and functional brain networks in AD |
10.1016/j.jalz.2019.03.006 | 20,871,242 | Abstract Introduction The longitudinal trajectories of functional brain dynamics and the impact of genetic risk factors in individuals at risk for Alzheimer's disease are poorly understood. Methods In a large‐scale monocentric cohort of 224 amyloid stratified individuals at risk for Alzheimer's disease, default mode ne... | 10.1038/s41582-021-00529-1 | This article provides evidence that APOE ε4 leads to changes in DMN, independent of Aβ pathology |
10.1093/braincomms/fcaa102 | 62,591,082 | Abstract Structural grey matter covariance networks provide an individual quantification of morphological patterns in the brain. The network integrity is disrupted in sporadic Alzheimer’s disease, and network properties show associations with the level of amyloid pathology and cognitive decline. Therefore, these networ... | 10.1038/s41582-021-00529-1 | This article reports evidence that single-subject structural grey matter covariance network metrics can track the progression of autosomal-dominant AD |
10.1038/s41467-020-15701-2 | 125,314,526 | Abstract Tau is a hallmark pathology of Alzheimer’s disease, and animal models have suggested that tau spreads from cell to cell through neuronal connections, facilitated by β -amyloid (A β ). We test this hypothesis in humans using an epidemic spreading model (ESM) to simulate tau spread, and compare these simulations... | 10.1038/s41582-021-00529-1 | This computational modelling study provides evidence in humans that tau spreads through neuronal network pathways facilitated by Aβ accumulation |
10.1002/hbm.24241 | 41,746,367 | Abstract Acquiring resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) datasets at multiple MRI scanners and clinical sites can improve statistical power and generalizability of results. However, multi‐site neuroimaging studies have reported considerable nonbiological variability in fMRI measurements due to diff... | 10.1038/s41582-021-00529-1 | This paper was one of the first to use a statistical harmonization technique, called ComBat , to eliminate the impact of site effects on functional connectivity and brain network measures |
10.1038/nature23889 | 83,437,637 | Abstract The characterization of baseline microbial and functional diversity in the human microbiome has enabled studies of microbiome-related disease, diversity, biogeography, and molecular function. The National Institutes of Health Human Microbiome Project has provided one of the broadest such characterizations so f... | 10.1038/s41586-019-1238-8 | Second wave of HMP1 data (HMP1-II) extending the analysis and data resource to 2,355 total shotgun metagenomes from 265 healthy adults; quantified strain personalization and retention dynamics over time, as well as identifying niche-specific and host-associated microbial community functions |
10.1073/pnas.1003428107 | 38,443,445 | Otto Warburg's theory on the origins of cancer postulates that tumor cells have defects in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and therefore rely on high levels of aerobic glycolysis as the major source of ATP to fuel cellular proliferation (the Warburg effect). This is in contrast to normal cells, which primarily ... | 10.1038/s41568-021-00375-9 | This is among the first studies to illustrate how mutant Kras influences metabolism |
10.1101/gad.2016311 | 41,685,334 | Autophagy is a catabolic pathway used by cells to support metabolism in response to starvation and to clear damaged proteins and organelles in response to stress. We report here that expression of a H-ras V12 or K-ras V12 oncogene up-regulates basal autophagy, which is required for tumor cell survival in starvation and... | 10.1038/s41568-021-00375-9 | This work provides evidence that mutant RAS upregulates autophagy to provide nutrients and sustain metabolic programmes during acute nutrient stress |
10.1126/science.aaf5171 | 41,515,600 | Tumor genetics guides patient selection for many new therapies, and cell culture studies have demonstrated that specific mutations can promote metabolic phenotypes. However, whether tissue context defines cancer dependence on specific metabolic pathways is unknown. Kras activation and Trp53 deletion in the pancreas or ... | 10.1038/s41568-021-00375-9 | This work posits that lung and not pancreas tumours depend on BCAA metabolism, which illustrates that the environmental context and co-occurring mutations are also pivotal in dictating tumour metabolism |
10.1146/annurev-neuro-061010-113810 | 38,429,756 | An unexpected role for the classical complement cascade in the elimination of central nervous system (CNS) synapses has recently been discovered. Complement proteins are localized to developing CNS synapses during periods of active synapse elimination and are required for normal brain wiring. The function of complement... | 10.1038/s41573-019-0031-6 | This article provides a comprehensive review of the multifaceted role of complement in shaping central nervous system development and synaptic networks in both health and disease |
10.1182/blood-2018-09-876805 | 83,480,678 | Abstract Ravulizumab, a new complement component C5 inhibitor administered every 8 weeks, was noninferior to eculizumab administered every 2 weeks in complement-inhibitor–naive patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). This study assessed noninferiority of ravulizumab to eculizumab in clinically stable P... | 10.1038/s41573-019-0031-6 | This clinical study showed that patients with PNH can effectively switch from eculizumab-based therapy to a more patient-compliant, long-acting version of this anti-C5 therapeutic, ravulizumab |
10.1038/srep31877 | 103,547,234 | Abstract MASP-3 was discovered 15 years ago as the third mannan-binding lectin (MBL)-associated serine protease of the complement lectin pathway. Lacking any verified substrate its role remained ambiguous. MASP-3 was shown to compete with a key lectin pathway enzyme MASP-2 for MBL binding, and was therefore considered ... | 10.1038/s41573-019-0031-6 | This article describes a fundamental mechanism by which the AP and LP of complement converge and signifies the importance of ‘bypass’ complement activation modes in health and disease |
10.1126/scitranslmed.aao6459 | 104,397,432 | Local inhibition of complement activation after stroke in mice prevents degenerative microglial activation and improves chronic recovery. | 10.1038/s41573-019-0031-6 | This study underscores the translational potential of targeted complement inhibition in ischaemic stroke |
10.1073/pnas.1820892116 | 18,439,881 | Dysregulation of the alternative complement pathway (AP) predisposes individuals to a number of diseases including paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, and C3 glomerulopathy. Moreover, glomerular Ig deposits can lead to complement-driven nephropathies. Here we describe the discovery ... | 10.1038/s41573-019-0031-6 | This study describes the rational design and preclinical evaluation of an orally available FB inhibitor with clinical potential for the treatment of PNH and other AP-mediated complement disorders |
10.1073/pnas.1814797116 | 19,768,074 | Hemolytic diseases are frequently linked to multiorgan failure subsequent to vascular damage. Deciphering the mechanisms leading to organ injury upon hemolytic event could bring out therapeutic approaches. Complement system activation occurs in hemolytic disorders, such as sickle cell disease, but the pathological rele... | 10.1038/s41573-019-0031-6 | This study illustrates the therapeutic potential of targeting P-selectin on endothelial surfaces as a means of blocking complement deposition and attenuating tissue injury in various haemolytic disorders |
10.1126/science.1248943 | 82,778,825 | Hexing Complement Complement activation is an immediate and potent immune defense mechanism, but how immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies activate complement at the molecular level is poorly understood. Using high-resolution crystallography, Diebolder et al. (p. 1260 ) show that human IgGs form hexameric structures by int... | 10.1038/s41573-019-0031-6 | This study revealed the structural basis of C1q-mediated classical pathway activation on antibody-targeted surfaces and paved the way for the clinical development of HexaBodies |
10.1158/2159-8290.cd-16-1184 | 123,181,118 | Abstract Disruption of the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) pathway with immune checkpoint inhibitors represents a major breakthrough in the treatment of non–small cell lung cancer. We hypothesized that combined inhibition of C5a/C5aR1 and PD-1 signaling may have a synergistic antitumor effect. The RMP1-14 antibo... | 10.1038/s41573-019-0031-6 | This study highlights the translational potential of combining targeted complement C5aR1 inhibition with other immunomodulatory therapies in cancer |
10.1002/oby.21709 | 18,316,890 | Objective Exosomes from obese adipose contain dysregulated microRNAs linked to insulin signaling, as compared with lean controls, providing a direct connection between adiposity and insulin resistance. This study tested the hypotheses that gastric bypass surgery and its subsequent weight loss would normalize adipocyte‐... | 10.1038/s41574-019-0260-0 | In this biomarker study, the researchers used an adipocyte-specific marker of FABP4 to isolate adipocyte-derived exosomes in serum |
10.1126/science.aad2033 | 102,290,336 | Location, location, location Aggregates of certain disease-associated proteins are involved in neurodegeneration. Woerner et al. now show that the exact location of these aggregates in the cell may be the key to their pathology (see the Perspective by Da Cruz and Cleveland). An artificial aggregate-prone protein caused... | 10.1038/s41583-021-00431-1 | This study shows, using cell culture models, that cytoplasmic accumulation of TDP43 fragments causes the sequestration and mislocalization of proteins containing disordered and low-complexity domains. These include multiple factors involved in the nuclear import and export machinery, leading to impaired nucleocytoplasm... |
10.1126/science.147.3664.1462 | 62,436,500 | The complete nucleotide sequence of an alanine transfer RNA, isolated from yeast, has been determined. This is the first nucleic acid for which the structure is known. | 10.1038/s41576-022-00501-9 | This paper describes the structure of tRNAs and the finding of a modified base (inosine) |
10.1126/science.1249749 | 103,889,229 | Problems making proteins kills nerve cells Neurodegeneration is associated with a variety of different diseases, but its cellular roots are often obscure. Ishimura et al. find that mutant mice whose brain cells start to die rapidly soon after birth have lost the function of two vital cellular components (see the Perspe... | 10.1038/s41576-022-00501-9 | This paper shows for the first time the existence of tissue-specific tRNA isodecoder expression and hints at the differential functions of isodecoders |
10.1002/wrna.65 | 103,114,597 | Abstract Mitochondrial DNA mutations that cause mitochondrial dysfunction are responsible for a wide spectrum of human diseases, referred to as mitochondrial diseases. Pathogenic point mutations are found frequently in genes encoding mitochondrial (mt) tRNAs, indicating that impaired functioning of mutant mt tRNAs is t... | 10.1038/s41576-022-00501-9 | This review discusses modopathies linked to mt-tRNAs, which were the first modopathies to be described in humans |
10.1126/science.abb3356 | 127,682,648 | Defeating peripheral neuropathy The mechanisms underlying peripheral neuropathies are not well understood. Spaulding et al . studied mouse models of the inherited Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease, which is caused by mutations in transfer RNA (tRNA) synthetases. Changes in gene expression and the rate of protein synthe... | 10.1038/s41576-022-00501-9 | This work showcases a potential approach to treat Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease by inducing overexpression of a tRNA |
10.1038/s41467-021-21015-8 | 42,555,598 | Abstract Autoimmune Addison’s disease (AAD) is characterized by the autoimmune destruction of the adrenal cortex. Low prevalence and complex inheritance have long hindered successful genetic studies. We here report the first genome-wide association study on AAD, which identifies nine independent risk loci ( P < 5 × ... | 10.1038/s41574-022-00653-y | This study is the first unbiased genetic study of autoimmune Addison disease |
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