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10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.29.1.233 | 38,274,259 | ▪ Abstract Genetic mechanisms of sex determination are unexpectedly diverse and change rapidly during evolution. We review the role of genetic conflict as the driving force behind this diversity and turnover. Genetic conflict occurs when different components of a genetic system are subject to selection in opposite dire... | 10.1038/35084545 | This review discusses the current evidence for a role of selfish genetic elements in the evolution of sex determination, and assesses their potential importance in this field. |
10.1242/dev.127.13.2863 | 62,570,795 | During early stages of cerebral cortical development, progenitor cells in the ventricular zone are multipotent, producing neurons of many layers over successive cell divisions. The laminar fate of their progeny depends on environmental cues to which the cells respond prior to mitosis. By the end of neurogenesis, howeve... | 10.1038/35067562 | Cortical layer IV neurons transplanted into an older host where layer II/III cells were being generated resulted in the transplanted cells adopting a layer II/III fate; however, transplantation of layer IV cells into a younger host where layer VI was being generated did not adopt a layer VI fate. This suggests that lay... |
10.1126/science.285.5429.906 | 40,655,167 | There is a long-standing controversy regarding the mechanisms that generate the functional subdivisions of the cerebral neocortex. One model proposes that thalamic axonal input specifies these subdivisions; the competing model postulates that patterning mechanisms intrinsic to the dorsal telencephalon generate neocorti... | 10.1038/35067562 | In Gbx-2 mutant mice, thalamic differentiation is disrupted and thalamic axons do not innervate the cortex. However, the staining patterns of several region-specific markers in the cortex develop normally in these mice, suggesting that factors intrinsic to the neocortex are responsible for the development of these mark... |
10.1523/jneurosci.19-22-09939.1999 | 19,247,869 | Theories of both cortical field development and cortical evolution propose that thalamocortical projections play a critical role in the differentiation of cortical fields (O'Leary, 1989; Krubitzer, 1995). In the present study, we examined how changing the size of the immature neocortex before the establishment of thala... | 10.1038/35067562 | Marsupials provide an excellent model for studying cortical development. These animals are born very early in development, before the differentiation of the cortical plate and thalamic innervation. Early cortical ablation reduced the size of the cortical sheet but still resulted in normal spatial relationships between ... |
10.1126/science.279.5350.566 | 41,291,751 | The role of experience in the development of the cerebral cortex has long been controversial. Patterned visual experience in the cat begins when the eyes open about a week after birth. Cortical maps for orientation and ocular dominance in the primary visual cortex of cats were found to be present by 2 weeks. Early patt... | 10.1038/35067562 | The early development of ocular dominance and orientation maps in the visual cortex of cats was found to be independent of visual experience. However, visual experience during the critical period for cortical plasticity was found to be necessary for their maintenance. |
10.1523/jneurosci.17-14-05480.1997 | 103,219,912 | The development of both long-range intracortical and interhemispheric connections depends on visual experience. Previous experiments showed that in strabismic but not in normal cats, clustered horizontal axon projections preferentially connect cell groups activated by the same eye. This indicates that there is selectiv... | 10.1038/35067562 | Rearing kittens with artificial strabismus caused intrinsic horizontal connections in V1, as well as callosal connections, to link neurons with the same eye-dominance and orientation preference. Normally, horizontal connections do not respect eye-dominance columns. So, correlated activity is important for shaping horiz... |
10.1152/jn.1999.82.1.370 | 32,905,906 | In this investigation we examined the changes in the pattern of activity in the medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle in walking cats following transection of the nerves innervating synergist muscles (lateral gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris). Immediately following the nerve transections, there was a large increase in a... | 10.1038/35039000 | Describes the temporal evolution of changes in the muscle activation patterns during locomotion following nerve section in the cat, providing strong evidence for the updating of an internal model for limb movement. |
10.1152/jn.1997.77.4.1979 | 50,888,909 | Carrier, Lynda, Edna Brustein, and Serge Rossignol. Locomotion of the hindlimbs after neurectomy of ankle flexors in intact and spinal cats: a model for the study of locomotor plasticity. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 1979–1993, 1997. To study the potential plasticity of locomotor networks in the spinal cord, an important issue... | 10.1038/35039000 | Clearly illustrates the principle that functional motor adaptation to muscle denervation involves distributed plasticity across several regions of the nervous system, including the spinal cord. |
10.1126/science.1857964 | 61,182,218 | To execute voluntary movements, the central nervous system must transform the neural representation of the direction, amplitude, and velocity of the limb, represented by the activity of cortical and subcortical neurons, into signals that activate the muscles that move the limb. This task is equivalent to solving an "il... | 10.1038/35039000 | The authors identify a discrete map of motor outputs in the spinal cord. The vectorial combination of motor outputs derived from activation across different areas of the spinal cord provides a remarkable mechanism for producing a vast repertoire of motor behaviours. |
10.1152/jn.1998.80.5.2323 | 95,478,196 | Saltiel, Philippe, Matthew C. Tresch, and Emilio Bizzi. Spinal cord modular organization and rhythm generation: a NMDA iontophoretic study in the frog. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 2323–2339, 1998. Previous work using electrical microstimulation has suggested the existence of modules subserving limb posture in the spinal cord.... | 10.1038/35039000 | Tonic or rhythmically alternating forces elicited by chemical micro-stimulation of spinal interneurons cluster along the same few directions. The rhythms of specific force compositions are topographically related to the corresponding tonic forces. This suggests a use of the spinal cord modules in central pattern genera... |
10.1126/science.278.5338.680 | 80,235,386 | DNA microarrays containing virtually every gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were used to carry out a comprehensive investigation of the temporal program of gene expression accompanying the metabolic shift from fermentation to respiration. The expression profiles observed for genes with known metabolic functions pointed... | 10.1038/35080565 | This application of microarray-based transcriptional profiling to the study of metabolic flux stimulated many other researchers to consider using functional genomics approaches to assist their own biological problems. |
10.1126/science.290.5500.2306 | 59,323,339 | Understanding how DNA binding proteins control global gene expression and chromosomal maintenance requires knowledge of the chromosomal locations at which these proteins function in vivo. We developed a microarray method that reveals the genome-wide location of DNA-bound proteins and used this method to monitor binding... | 10.1038/35080565 | This paper, along with a similar one by Iyer et al . published a month later in Nature , showed the feasibility of mapping DNA–protein interactions genome-wide and combining such information with transcriptional profiling. Integration of several types of functional genomic data promises to help resolve complex genetic ... |
10.1073/pnas.62.1.75 | 100,841,003 | In an attempt to elucidate the genetic architecture of two behavioral traits, populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura were selected for positive and for negative phototaxis and geotaxis. The selected populations diverged rapidly in their behavior (Figs. 1 and 2). The selection was relaxed after 20 generations in the ph... | 10.1038/35080565 | An important demonstration of the malleability of complex, and in this case behavioural, traits under selection in Drosophila |
10.1242/dev.125.22.4575 | 104,412,355 | We have investigated the developmental relationship of the hemopoietic and endothelial lineages in the floor of the chicken aorta, a site of hemopoietic progenitor emergence in the embryo proper. We show that, prior to the onset of hemopoiesis, the aortic endothelium uniformly expresses the endothelium-specific membran... | 10.1038/35049577 | This paper reported data in favour of the origin of haematopoietic cells from the vasculature. This work supports the concept of ‘haemogenic endothelium’. |
10.1242/dev.125.4.725 | 41,740,243 | Embryonic stem cell-derived embryoid bodies contain a unique precursor population which, in response to vascular endothelial growth factor, gives rise to blast colonies in semi-solid medium. Upon transfer to liquid culture with appropriate cytokines, these blast colonies generate both hematopoietic and adherent, stroma... | 10.1038/35049577 | Through in vitro differentiation of embryonic stem cells, this paper provides evidence for the existence of the elusive haemangioblast. |
10.1101/gad.9.10.1250 | 81,369,236 | The transcription factor GATA-1 is expressed in early hematopoietic progenitors and specifically down-regulated in myelomonocytic cells during lineage determination. Our earlier observation that the differentiation of Myb-Ets-transformed chicken hematopoietic progenitors into myeloblasts likewise involves a GATA-1 down... | 10.1038/35049577 | This paper reports the ability of GATA-1 to alter the phenotype of haematopoietic cells. In contrast to the action of myogenic factors in recipient cells, GATA-1 converts progenitors to three different lineages, depending on the concentration at which it is expressed. |
10.1101/gad.11.6.774 | 38,430,115 | We have tested the hypothesis that multipotential hemopoietic stem and progenitor cells prime several different lineage-affiliated programs of gene activity prior to unilineage commitment and differentiation. Using single cell RT-PCR we show that erythroid (beta-globin) and myeloid (myeloperoxidase) gene expression pro... | 10.1038/35049577 | Single-cell RT–PCR was used in this study to show that multipotential progenitor cells contain transcripts usually associated with different lineages. |
10.1126/science.288.5471.1660 | 59,814,039 | The differentiation potential of stem cells in tissues of the adult has been thought to be limited to cell lineages present in the organ from which they were derived, but there is evidence that some stem cells may have a broader differentiation repertoire. We show here that neural stem cells from the adult mouse brain ... | 10.1038/35049577 | These two papers indicate that adult neural stem cells have diverse developmental potentials when introduced into mice, chicken embryos, or examined in vitro in embryoid bodies. |
10.1111/j.1469-1809.1946.tb02367.x | 62,228,000 | The articles published by the Annals of Eugenics (1925–1954) have been made available online as an historical archive intended for scholarly use. The work of eugenicists was often pervaded by prejudice against racial, ethnic and disabled groups. The online publication of this material for scholarly research purposes is... | 10.1038/35049558 | The first measurement of a human mutation rate, as well as evidence for a higher male rate. |
10.1210/edrv.21.1.0387 | 60,224,063 | Abstract Achondroplasia, the most common form of short-limbed dwarfism in humans, occurs between 1 in 15,000 and 40,000 live births. More than 90% of cases are sporadic and there is, on average, an increased paternal age at the time of conception of affected individuals. More then 97% of persons with achondroplasia hav... | 10.1038/35049558 | This paper summarizes the molecular events at the three loci with the highest male:female mutation rate ratio. |
10.1073/pnas.76.1.396 | 122,665,712 | Truncation selection is known to be the most efficient form of directional selection. When this is modified so that the fitness increases linearly over a range of one or two standard deviations of the value of the selected character, the efficiency is reduced, but not greatly. When truncation selection is compared to a... | 10.1038/35049558 | A demonstration that quasi-truncation selection is almost as effective as strict truncation in eliminating deleterious mutant genes from the population. |
10.1128/mcb.21.14.4773-4784.2001 | 122,044,443 | ABSTRACT The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (pRB) negatively regulates early-G 1 cell cycle progression, in part, by sequestering E2F transcription factors and repressing E2F-responsive genes. Although pRB is phosphorylated on up to 16 cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) sites by multiple G 1 cyclin-Cdk complexes, t... | 10.1038/35106065 | References 21–23 culminate a series of reports that describe the distinct effects of cyclin- d -dependent and cyclin-E-dependent CDKs on the RB protein. The different role of these kinases in RB regulation provides us with interesting insights regarding the regulation of the early G1 and late G1 phase. |
10.1126/science.8266103 | 18,106,635 | The key cell-cycle regulator Cdc2 belongs to a family of cyclin-dependent kinases in higher eukaryotes. Dominant-negative mutations were used to address the requirement for kinases of this family in progression through the human cell cycle. A dominant-negative Cdc2 mutant arrested cells at the G 2 to M phase transition... | 10.1038/35106065 | This study provided evidence for a distinct role of the different CDKs in G1/S progression. Whereas dominant-negative forms of CDK2 or CDK3 can arrest cultured cells in G1, similar mutant forms of CDK4 or CDK6 cannot. |
10.1126/science.7652577 | 62,542,413 | A mutated cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) was identified as a tumor-specific antigen recognized by HLA-A2. 1-restricted autologous cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in a human melanoma. The mutated CDK4 allele was present in autologous cultured melanoma cells and metastasis tissue, but not in the patient's lymphocytes. T... | 10.1038/35106065 | First description of a tumour-associated point mutation in a CDK molecule. Interestingly, this CDK4 mutation (R24C) disrupts the binding with the INK4 family of inhibitors, highlighting the importance of this interaction in tumour development. |
10.1126/science.281.5376.533 | 102,375,542 | Selective protein kinase inhibitors were developed on the basis of the unexpected binding mode of 2,6,9-trisubstituted purines to the adenosine triphosphate–binding site of the human cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). By iterating chemical library synthesis and biological screening, potent inhibitors of the human CDK2–c... | 10.1038/35106065 | An example of the synergistic combination of in vitro and in silico approaches in the search for CDK inhibitors of therapeutic value. |
10.1101/gad.843200 | 42,572,415 | The retinoblastoma protein, pRB, and the closely related proteins p107 and p130 are important regulators of the mammalian cell cycle. Biochemical and genetic studies have demonstrated overlapping as well as distinct functions for the three proteins in cell cycle control and mouse development. However, the role of the p... | 10.1038/35106065 | References 92 and 93 illustrate the specific and redundant roles of the RB protein family members in regulating the cell cycle. |
10.1093/genetics/149.4.1633 | 125,334,867 | Abstract Fluctuations in rates of gene expression can produce highly erratic time patterns of protein production in individual cells and wide diversity in instantaneous protein concentrations across cell populations. When two independently produced regulatory proteins acting at low cellular concentrations competitively... | 10.1038/35066056 | Pioneering work on the role of fluctuations in gene regulation. The central conclusion is that fluctuations cannot always be viewed as simply small perturbations as they can, in fact, induce different developmental pathways. |
10.1073/pnas.91.6.2016 | 61,013,906 | Data are reviewed from positron emission tomography studies of encoding and retrieval processes in episodic memory. These data suggest a hemispheric encoding/retrieval asymmetry model of prefrontal involvement in encoding and retrieval of episodic memory. According to this model, the left and right prefrontal lobes are... | 10.1038/35090048 | A landmark paper for the field because it highlighted frontal contributions to memory processes including retrieval. |
10.1162/jocn.1992.4.3.257 | 19,065,879 | A neuropsychological model of memory is proposed that incorporates Fodor's (1983) idea of modules and central systems. The model has four essential components: (1) a non-frontal neocortical component that consists of perceptual (and perhaps interpretative semantic) modules that mediate performance on item-specific, imp... | 10.1038/35090048 | An insightful theoretical discussion of cognitive neuroscience findings, relating strategic aspects of long-term retrieval to the online (working memory) demands that support these processes. |
10.1073/pnas.97.20.11120 | 16,741,924 | Neuronal models predict that retrieval of specific event information reactivates brain regions that were active during encoding of this information. Consistent with this prediction, this positron-emission tomography study showed that remembering that visual words had been paired with sounds at encoding activated some o... | 10.1038/35090048 | A demonstration, using PET, that auditory areas are reactivated during retrieval of auditory information. This study also shows that such reactivation might occur independently of whether subjects explicitly attempt to retrieve such information. |
10.1073/pnas.97.20.11125 | 62,058,589 | A fundamental question in human memory is how the brain represents sensory-specific information during the process of retrieval. One hypothesis is that regions of sensory cortex are reactivated during retrieval of sensory-specific information (1). Here we report findings from a study in which subjects learned a set of ... | 10.1038/35090048 | An indication, using event-related fMRI, that auditory and visual areas are reactivated during retrieval of auditory and visual information, respectively. |
10.1162/jocn.1995.7.1.51 | 119,877,930 | Slow, DC-like event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded from the scalp of 30 healthy young adults to test the hypothesis that distinct cortical areas are activated when different types of information are retrieved from long-term memory. Three groups of 10 subjects each were first trained with associations bet... | 10.1038/35090048 | An ERP study showing differences during the retrieval of distinct forms of information. The paper uses a clever item-association paradigm to derive these results. |
10.1162/08989290051137549 | 20,372,136 | What happens in the brain when you conjure up a mental image in your mind's eye? We tested whether the particular regions of extrastriate cortex activated during mental imagery depend on the content of the image. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we demonstrated selective activation within a region of... | 10.1038/35090048 | A clear example of domain specificity in reactivation of retrieval content. Fusiform and parahippocampal regions that show preferential activation during perception of faces and buildings, show similar preferential activity during image-based retrieval of faces and buildings. |
10.1093/genetics/128.4.695 | 20,841,463 | Abstract Mutation rates are generally thought not to be influenced by selective forces. This doctrine rests on the results of certain classical studies of the mutations that make bacteria resistant to phages and antibiotics. We have studied a strain of Escherichia coli which constitutively expresses a lacI-lacZ fusion ... | 10.1038/35080556 | Description of the lac frameshift reversion assay for adaptive mutation and demonstration of a role for the SOS response, also explored in reference 67 |
10.1093/genetics/142.3.681 | 83,530,916 | Abstract Aspects of the molecular mechanism of “adaptive” mutation are emerging from one experimental system: reversion of an Escherichia coli lac frameshift mutation carried on a conjugative plasmid. Homologous recombination is required and the mutations resemble polymerase errors. Reports implicating a role for conju... | 10.1038/35080556 | References 37 and 38 show that the sequences of Lac adaptive mutations differ from growth-dependent Lac reversions. The former show simple-repeat instability, which is characteristic of template slippage polymerase errors. References 39–41 show the specific requirement for recombination and double-stranded break-repair... |
10.1093/genetics/147.3.1017 | 125,330,047 | Recombinational repair of double-strand breaks (DSBs), traditionally believed to be an error-free DNA repair pathway, was recently shown to increase the frequency of mutations in a nearby interval. The reversion rate of trp1 alleles (either nonsense or frameshift mutations) near an HO-endonuclease cleavage site is incr... | 10.1038/35080556 | DSB-repair-promoted mutation in yeast, requiring DinB/UmuDC/Rad30/Rev1 DNA polymerase superfamily member, Rev3. |
10.1073/pnas.96.12.6862 | 79,469,211 | Microbial populations under nonlethal selection can give rise to mutations that relieve the selective pressure, a phenomenon that has come to be called “adaptive mutation.” One explanation for adaptive mutation is that a small proportion of the cells experience a period of transient hypermutation, and that these hyperm... | 10.1038/35080556 | References 58 and 59 , and also reference 77 , provide evidence that Lac + adaptive mutants of Escherichia coli carry high frequencies of unselected mutations, which are not carried by starved cells that remained Lac − . This indicates that some or all Lac + adaptive mutants originate in a globally hypermutable cell su... |
10.1101/gad.11.18.2426 | 81,488,795 | Postsynthesis mismatch repair is an important contributor to mutation avoidance and genomic stability in bacteria, yeast, and humans. Regulation of its activity would allow organisms to regulate their ability to evolve. That mismatch repair might be down-regulated in stationary-phase Escherichia coli was suggested by t... | 10.1038/35080556 | Evidence that cells undergoing adaptive mutation in the lac system have transient mismatch repair deficiency that can be alleviated by overproduction of MutL protein. See also reference 57 . The interpretation of the data is criticized in reference 61 , and this criticism is rebutted in reference 62 |
10.1128/jb.182.16.4587-4595.2000 | 101,619,744 | ABSTRACT The dinB gene of Escherichia coli is known to be involved in the untargeted mutagenesis of λ phage. Recently, we have demonstrated that this damage-inducible and SOS-controlled gene encodes a novel DNA polymerase, DNA Pol IV, which is able to dramatically increase the untargeted mutagenesis of F′ plasmid. At t... | 10.1038/35080556 | Reference 70 shows that DinB is an error-prone polymerase. References 71 and 72 show that DinB protein causes mutations simply by being overproduced in cells, without obvious DNA damage. |
10.1073/pnas.151009798 | 85,536,758 | Several microbial systems have been shown to yield advantageous mutations in slowly growing or nongrowing cultures. In one assay system, the stationary-phase mutation mechanism differs from growth-dependent mutation, demonstrating that the two are different processes. This system assays reversion of a lac frameshift al... | 10.1038/35080556 | The first demonstration of recombination-protein (RecA and RuvC)-dependent and DNA-pol IV-dependent mutation in the Escherichia coli chromosome, in stationary phase. This shows that Rec- and pol IV-dependent stationary-phase mutation can affect the main bacterial genome, as well as plasmid-borne genes. |
10.1128/mmbr.61.3.281-293.1997 | 28,215,015 | Pathogenic microbes have evolved highly sophisticated mechanisms for colonizing host tissues and evading or deflecting assault by the immune response. The ability of these microbes to avoid clearance prolongs infection, thereby promoting their long-term survival within individual hosts and, through transmission, betwee... | 10.1038/35080556 | Review of the importance of simple repeat tracts and frameshift mutation in the expression of genes used in pathogenesis. |
10.1002/ijc.2910520107 | 102,916,353 | Abstract Material from paraffin sections of 109 human colorectal carcinomas, mostly obtained at autopsy, was analyzed for the presence of K‐ ras point mutations at codon 12, position 2. Mutations at this position were found in 23 cases (21.1%). Aneuploid colorectal carcinomas showed a significantly higher prevalence of... | 10.1038/35080556 | One of the first suggestions that adaptive mutation mechanisms are apt models for mutations that lead to cancer. See also references 37 110 and 111 |
10.1073/pnas.051605998 | 41,195,152 | Rapid evolution driven by positive Darwinian selection is a recurrent theme in male reproductive protein evolution. In contrast, positive selection has never been demonstrated for female reproductive proteins. Here, we perform phylogeny-based tests on three female mammalian fertilization proteins and demonstrate positi... | 10.1038/35080556 | The discovery of hypervariable genes that encode the coat proteins of mammalian eggs. Perhaps this, and the cognate hypervariable genes that encode sperm surface proteins, are targets for mammalian DinB1, a mutator DNA polymerase expressed in the germ line. |
10.1242/dev.121.10.3359 | 41,640,815 | Anterior/posterior compartment borders bisect every Drosophila imaginal disc, and the engrailed gene is essential for their function. We analyzed the role of the engrailed and invected genes in wing discs by eliminating or increasing their activity. Removing engrailed/invected from posterior wing cells created two new ... | 10.1038/35084577 | Shows that the anteroposterior compartment boundary functions as the organizing centre that patterns the complete wing. |
10.1242/dev.121.8.2265 | 62,234,405 | The Drosophila wing is formed by two cell populations, the anterior and posterior compartments, which are distinguished by the activity of the selector gene engrailed (en) in posterior cells. Here, we show that en governs growth and patterning in both compartments by controlling the expression of the secreted proteins ... | 10.1038/35084577 | Shows that Decapentaplegic has an organizing activity that patterns the whole wing except for the central domain. |
10.1242/dev.128.1.87 | 20,802,748 | Recent studies in Drosophila have shown that heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are required for Wingless (Wg/Wnt) signaling. In addition, genetic and phenotypic analyses have implicated the glypican gene dally in this process. Here, we report the identification of another Drosophila glypican gene, dally-like (dly) ... | 10.1038/35084577 | Together with references 62 and 64 , this paper shows that heparan sulphate proteoglycans are involved in regulating morphogen movement. |
10.1242/dev.124.20.4053 | 104,271,605 | It is thought that the posterior expression of the ‘selector’ genes engrailed and invected control the subdivision of the growing wing imaginal disc of Drosophila into anterior and posterior lineage compartments. At present, the cellular mechanisms by which separate lineage compartments are maintained are not known. Mo... | 10.1038/35052047 | References 10 and 11 provide evidence that the role of engrailed in keeping anterior and posterior cells separate is mediated by the signalling gene hedgehog |
10.1242/dev.119.2.339 | 104,055,655 | The dorsoventral (D/V) lineage boundary in the developing wing disc of Drosophila restricts growing cells to the prospective dorsal or ventral compartments of the wing blade. This restriction appears along the prospective margin of the wing some time during the middle to late stages of wing disc growth. It has been pro... | 10.1038/35052047 | References 13 and 14 provide evidence for the role of the gene apterous in establishing the D/V compartment border in the wing disc and in acting as a selector gene. |
10.1073/pnas.81.13.4115 | 100,640,146 | Genes that regulate the development of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster exist as tightly linked clusters in at least two cases. These clusters, the bithorax complex (BX-C) and the Antennapedia complex (ANT-C), both contain multiple homoeotic loci: mutations in each locus cause a transformation of one part of the f... | 10.1038/35052047 | References 25 and 26 report the discovery of the homeobox, arguing for a common origin of homeotic genes. They also provided a molecular marker of homeotic genes that eventually led to their discovery in other animal species. |
10.1073/pnas.79.23.7380 | 20,821,842 | The roles of three homeotic genes, Ubx+, Scr+, and Antp+, in the Drosophila thorax have been studied by determining the cellular phenotypes of mutations resulting in loss of gene function. The principal results are: (i) The Scr+ and Ubx+ genes are required in the prothorax and metathorax, respectively; in the absence o... | 10.1038/35052047 | A classic paper showing that Hox genes act as a combinatorial code. |
10.1242/dev.118.2.401 | 62,671,620 | We have designed a system for targeted gene expression that allows the selective activation of any cloned gene in a wide variety of tissue- and cell-specific patterns. The gene encoding the yeast transcriptional activator GAL4 is inserted randomly into the Drosophila genome to drive GAL4 expression from one of a divers... | 10.1038/35052047 | A very useful method to express a cloned gene in specific tissues or body regions. |
10.1083/jcb.17.2.375 | 62,593,362 | The epithelia of a number of glands and cavitary organs of the rat and guinea pig have been surveyed, and in all cases investigated, a characteristic tripartite junctional complex has been found between adjacent cells. Although the complex differs in precise arrangement from one organ to another, it has been regularly ... | 10.1038/35067088 | This is the first electron microscopic description of the junctional complex consisting of tight junctions, adherens junctions and desmosomes. |
10.1083/jcb.123.6.1777 | 41,750,673 | Recently, we found that ZO-1, a tight junction-associated protein, was concentrated in the so called isolated adherens junction fraction from the liver (Itoh, M., A. Nagafuchi, S. Yonemura, T. Kitani-Yasuda, Sa. Tsukita, and Sh. Tsukita. 1993. J. Cell Biol. 121:491-502). Using this fraction derived from chick liver as ... | 10.1038/35067088 | This paper reports identification of occludin as a first component of tight-junction strands. |
10.1083/jcb.141.7.1539 | 41,663,186 | Occludin is the only known integral membrane protein localizing at tight junctions (TJ), but recent targeted disruption analysis of the occludin gene indicated the existence of as yet unidentified integral membrane proteins in TJ. We therefore re-examined the isolated junction fraction from chicken liver, from which oc... | 10.1038/35067088 | Identification and cloning of the genes encoding claudin-1 and claudin-2. |
10.1083/jcb.143.2.391 | 41,745,620 | Three integral membrane proteins, clau- din-1, -2, and occludin, are known to be components of tight junction (TJ) strands. To examine their ability to form TJ strands, their cDNAs were introduced into mouse L fibroblasts lacking TJs. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that both FLAG-tagged claudin-1 and -2 were hi... | 10.1038/35067088 | First report that tight-junction strands can be reconstituted within plasma membranes of cultured fibroblasts by a single gene product, claudin-1 or claudin-2. |
10.1083/jcb.107.6.2401 | 104,241,040 | The relationship of tight junction permeability to junction structure and composition was examined using two strains of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells (I and II) which differ greater than 30-fold in transepithelial resistance. This parameter is largely determined by paracellular, and hence junctional, permeabil... | 10.1038/35067088 | Comprehensive examination of the tightness and structure of tight-junction strands in MDCK I and II cells. |
10.1126/science.285.5424.103 | 19,699,857 | Epithelia permit selective and regulated flux from apical to basolateral surfaces by transcellular passage through cells or paracellular flux between cells. Tight junctions constitute the barrier to paracellular conductance; however, little is known about the specific molecules that mediate paracellular permeabilities.... | 10.1038/35067088 | Report that mutations in claudin molecules cause a human hereditary disease, and that claudins might be involved in the formation of aqueous pores within tight-junction strands. |
10.1083/jcb.103.3.755 | 20,790,718 | A tight junction-enriched membrane fraction has been used as immunogen to generate a monoclonal antiserum specific for this intercellular junction. Hybridomas were screened for their ability to both react on an immunoblot and localize to the junctional complex region on frozen sections of unfixed mouse liver. A stable ... | 10.1038/35067088 | Identification and characterization of ZO-1 as a first component of tight junctions. |
10.1073/pnas.94.26.14456 | 79,676,019 | Several inositol-containing compounds play key roles in receptor-mediated cell signaling events. Here, we describe a function for a specific inositol polyphosphate, d - myo -inositol 1,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5,6)P 4 ], that is produced acutely in response to a receptor-independent process. Thus, infection of ... | 10.1038/35073015 | The suggestion that Ins(1,4,5,6)P 4 might have physiological significance, as mediating some of the effects of Salmonella infection. |
10.1126/science.285.5424.96 | 122,344,982 | In order to identify additional factors required for nuclear export of messenger RNA, a genetic screen was conducted with a yeast mutant deficient in a factor Gle1p, which associates with the nuclear pore complex (NPC). The three genes identified encode phospholipase C and two potential inositol polyphosphate kinases. ... | 10.1038/35073015 | InsP 6 is suggested to be involved in mRNA export from the nucleus. |
10.1042/bj3510551 | 17,343,777 | We describe a human cDNA encoding 1-kinase activity that inactivates Ins(3,4,5,6)P4, an inhibitor of chloride-channel conductance that regulates epithelial salt and fluid secretion, as well as membrane excitability. Unexpectedly, we further discovered that this enzyme has alternative positional specificity (5/6-kinase ... | 10.1038/35073015 | The demonstration that Ins(1,3,4)P 3 6/5-kinase and Ins(3,4,5,6)P 4 1-kinase are the same enzyme, thus clarifying how increases in Ins(1,3,4)P 3 lead to increases in Ins(3,4,5,6)P 4 |
10.1101/gr.10.5.597 | 100,831,471 | Chromosome-specific low-copy repeats, or duplicons, occur in multiple regions of the human genome. Homologous recombination between different duplicon copies leads to chromosomal rearrangements, such as deletions, duplications, inversions, and inverted duplications, depending on the orientation of the recombining dupli... | 10.1038/35093500 | References 1–3 are excellent early reviews that discuss segmental duplications in the human genome and their involvement in genomic disorders. |
10.1073/pnas.68.2.378 | 29,138,847 | Cells of a cloned line of murine virus-induced erythroleukemia were stimulated to differentiate along the erythroid pathway by dimethyl sulfoxide at concentrations that did not inhibit growth. A rise in the number of benzidine-positive normoblasts was accompanied by increased synthesis of heme and hemoglobin and a decr... | 10.1038/35106079 | Original observation that a chemical — dimethylsulphoxide — can induce terminal differentiation of transformed cells. |
10.1073/pnas.73.3.862 | 42,547,765 | This report identifies a group of compounds, polymethylene bisacetamides (acetylated diamines), which are potent inducers of erythroid differentiation in murine erythroleukemia cells. A known inducing agent, N-methylacetamide, was dimerized through varying numbers of methylenes in an attempt to increase the local effec... | 10.1038/35106079 | First report that a group of hybrid polar compounds are potent inducers of transformed cell differentiation. |
10.1073/pnas.95.6.3003 | 107,199,680 | Hybrid polar compounds (HPCs) have been synthesized that induce terminal differentiation and/or apoptosis in various transformed cells. We have previously reported on the development of the second-generation HPCs suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and m -carboxycinnamic acid bishydroxamide (CBHA) that are 2,000-fol... | 10.1038/35106079 | Shows that a class of hydroxamic-acid-based hybrid compounds that inhibit histone deacetylases are inducers of transformed cell-growth arrest, differentiation and/or apoptosis. |
10.1158/1535-7163.mct-07-0221 | 46,842,686 | Abstract Bisphosphonates are widely used agents for the treatment of malignant bone disease. They inhibit osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and can have direct effects on cancer cells. In this study, we investigated whether the anticancer activity of the third-generation bisphosphonate zoledronic acid (ZOL) could be ... | 10.1038/35106079 | Reports that the histone deacetylase inhibitor SAHA, inhibits prostate cancer growth in tumour-bearing animals without toxicity. |
10.1242/dev.128.1.75 | 20,723,540 | Polycomb Group complexes assemble at polycomb response elements (PREs) in vivo and silence genes in the surrounding chromatin. To study the recruitment of silencing complexes, we have targeted various Polycomb Group (PcG) proteins by fusing them to the LexA DNA binding domain. When LexA-PC, -PSC, -PH or -SU(Z)2 are tar... | 10.1038/35073039 | References 7 and 8 provide evidence for the hypothesis that establishment of PcG-mediated repression is correlated with whether or not a gene is active. |
10.1242/dev.124.21.4343 | 83,379,354 | Transcriptional silencing by the Polycomb Group of genes maintains the position-specific repression of homeotic genes throughout Drosophila development. The Polycomb Group of genes characterized to date encode chromatin-associated proteins that have been suggested to form heterochromatin-like structures. By studying th... | 10.1038/35073039 | A polycomb repsonse element (PRE) is continuously required to maintain repression of PcG-regulated transgenes, indicating PREs have functions beyond initial recruitment of PcG proteins. |
10.1083/jcb.141.2.469 | 16,747,921 | The subcellular three-dimensional distribution of three polycomb-group (PcG) proteins—polycomb, polyhomeotic and posterior sex combs—in fixed whole-mount Drosophila embryos was analyzed by multicolor confocal fluorescence microscopy. All three proteins are localized in complex patterns of 100 or more loci throughout mo... | 10.1038/35073039 | Detailed immunocytochemical analysis of the subcellular distribution of Polycomb, Posterior sex combs and Pleiohomeiotic through cell division indicates that most of these proteins dissociate from mitotic chromatin, and that the complex itself might dissociate. |
10.1242/dev.114.2.493 | 20,761,985 | Mutations in genes of the Polycomb (Pc) group cause abnormal segmental development due to ectopic expression of the homeotic products of the Antennapedia and bithorax complexes. Here the requirements for Pc group genes in controlling the abdA and AbdB products of the bithorax complex are described. Embryos containing m... | 10.1038/35073039 | Demonstration that many PcG genes regulate homeotic genes, providing evidence that the PcG might act as multiprotein complexes. |
10.1101/gad.14.9.1058 | 130,177,650 | The trithorax group (trxG) of activators and Polycomb group (PcG) of repressors are believed to control the expression of several key developmental regulators by changing the structure of chromatin. Here, we have sought to dissect the requirements for transcriptional activation by the Drosophila trxG protein Zeste, a D... | 10.1038/35073039 | Purified Drosophila BRM complex can be recruited by Zeste, resulting in chromatin remodelling and transcriptional activation. |
10.1242/dev.128.6.993 | 103,668,377 | Early in Drosophila embryogenesis, transcriptional repressors encoded by Gap genes prevent the expression of particular combinations of Hox genes in each segment. During subsequent development, those Hox genes that were initially repressed in each segment remain off in all the descendent cells, even though the Gap repr... | 10.1038/35073039 | This paper provides compelling evidence for a stable mark on PcG-repressed chromatin. PcG proteins are removed from imaginal disc clones, resulting in de-repression of homeotic genes; repression can be re-established by re-supply of the PcG proteins Posterior sex combs and Su(z)2. |
10.1126/science.274.5287.546 | 83,010,545 | The genome of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been completely sequenced through a worldwide collaboration. The sequence of 12,068 kilobases defines 5885 potential protein-encoding genes, approximately 140 genes specifying ribosomal RNA, 40 genes for small nuclear RNA molecules, and 275 transfer RNA genes. In add... | 10.1038/35080529 | The description of how the first eukaryotic genome was sequenced and annotated. |
10.1126/science.1058040 | 83,455,108 | A 2.91-billion base pair (bp) consensus sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome was generated by the whole-genome shotgun sequencing method. The 14.8-billion bp DNA sequence was generated over 9 months from 27,271,853 high-quality sequence reads (5.11-fold coverage of the genome) from both ends of plasm... | 10.1038/35080529 | A landmark paper describing the human 'rough draft' (private version) and its annotation. |
10.1101/gr.10.4.483 | 80,152,458 | Computational methods for automated genome annotation are critical to our community's ability to make full use of the large volume of genomic sequence being generated and released. To explore the accuracy of these automated feature prediction tools in the genomes of higher organisms, we evaluated their performance on a... | 10.1038/35080529 | The most comprehensive comparison of nucleotide-level annotation tools so far. |
10.1101/gr.122800 | 20,683,362 | One of the first useful products from the human genome will be a set of predicted genes. Besides its intrinsic scientific interest, the accuracy and completeness of this data set is of considerable importance for human health and medicine. Though progress has been made on computational gene identification in terms of b... | 10.1038/35080529 | A crucial comparison of ab initio gene-prediction algorithms versus those based on similarity searches. |
10.1126/science.289.5476.85 | 41,663,901 | Domestication of many plants has correlated with dramatic increases in fruit size. In tomato, one quantitative trait locus (QTL), fw2.2 , was responsible for a large step in this process. When transformed into large-fruited cultivars, a cosmid derived from the fw2.2 region of a small-fruited wild species reduced fruit ... | 10.1038/35072085 | A landmark in QTL analysis: the first molecular characterization of a locus that was originally identified entirely by QTL mapping. References 51 – 53 are the prologue to this milestone. |
10.1126/science.269.5231.1714 | 29,104,807 | Independent domestication of sorghum, rice, and maize involved convergent selection for large seeds, reduced disarticulation of the mature inflorescence, and daylength-insensitive flowering. These similar phenotypes are largely determined by a small number of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that correspond closely in th... | 10.1038/35072085 | An excellent example of the power of comparative QTL mapping. |
10.1093/genetics/121.1.185 | 41,774,404 | Abstract The advent of complete genetic linkage maps consisting of codominant DNA markers [typically restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs)] has stimulated interest in the systematic genetic dissection of discrete Mendelian factors underlying quantitative traits in experimental organisms. We describe here a ... | 10.1038/35072085 | In this paper, interval mapping with molecular markers to map QTL was first proposed for species in which many morphological markers were unavailable. A maximum-likelihood statistical approach for QTL mapping was also developed. |
10.1073/pnas.93.10.4565 | 86,315,980 | 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) causes nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway damage similar to that observed in Parkinson disease (PD). To study the role of NO radical in MPTP-induced neurotoxicity, we injected MPTP into mice in which nitric oxide synthase (NOS) was inhibited by 7-nitroindazole (7-NI) ... | 10.1038/35072550 | Showed that mice deficient in neuronal nitric oxide synthase were partially resistant to MPTP neurotoxicity, consistent with a role of peroxynitrite. |
10.1073/pnas.96.10.5774 | 59,263,787 | 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is a neurotoxin that causes parkinsonism in humans and nonhuman animals, and its use has led to greater understanding of the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease. However, its molecular targets have not been defined. We show that mice lacking the gene for poly(ADP-ribo... | 10.1038/35072550 | Mice deficient in poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase are resistant to MPTP, implicating it in cell death. This enzyme is activated by oxidative damage to DNA. |
10.1523/jneurosci.18-20-08145.1998 | 32,866,099 | The proto-oncogene Bcl-2 rescues cells from a wide variety of insults. Recent evidence suggests that Bcl-2 protects against free radicals and that it increases mitochondrial calcium-buffering capacity. The neurotoxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyride (MPTP) is thought to involve both mitochondrial dysfun... | 10.1038/35072550 | First paper to show that an anti-apoptotic protein can protect against both acute and chronic MPTP toxicity. |
10.1523/jneurosci.20-24-09126.2000 | 17,849,964 | 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) produces clinical, biochemical, and neuropathological changes reminiscent of those occurring in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). Here we show that a peptide caspase inhibitor, N -benzyloxy-carbonyl-val-ala-asp-fluoromethyl ketone, or adenoviral gene transfer (AdV)... | 10.1038/35072550 | Shows that an inhibitor of apoptosis preferentially protects dopamine cell bodies, whereas the growth factor GDNF protects dopamine terminals. |
10.1126/science.290.5492.767 | 61,472,237 | Lentiviral delivery of glial cell line–derived neurotrophic factor (lenti-GDNF) was tested for its trophic effects upon degenerating nigrostriatal neurons in nonhuman primate models of Parkinson's disease (PD). We injected lenti-GDNF into the striatum and substantia nigra of nonlesioned aged rhesus monkeys or young adu... | 10.1038/35072550 | Showed that administration of GDNF using a lentiviral vector in primates was highly effective against MPTP toxicity. |
10.1073/pnas.94.5.2019 | 122,633,855 | Although immunosuppressant immunophilin ligands promote neurite outgrowth in vitro , their neurotrophic activities are clearly independent of their immunosuppressive activity. In the present report, a novel nonimmunosuppressive immunophilin ligand, GPI-1046 (3-(3-pyridyl)-1-propyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-... | 10.1038/35072550 | References 85 and 86 show that immunophilins produce restorative effects after MPTP treatment. |
10.1126/science.290.5493.985 | 104,432,731 | Aggregated α-synuclein proteins form brain lesions that are hallmarks of neurodegenerative synucleinopathies, and oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of some of these disorders. Using antibodies to specific nitrated tyrosine residues in α-synuclein, we demonstrate extensive and widespread accumulat... | 10.1038/35072550 | Used antibodies to nitrated α-synuclein to show that the α-synuclein in Lewy bodies in Parkinson's disease is nitrated, consistent with oxidative damage mediated by peroxynitrite. |
10.1242/dev.125.6.969 | 41,627,865 | The generation of distinct classes of motor neurons is an early step in the control of vertebrate motor behavior. To study the interactions that control the generation of motor neuron subclasses in the developing avian spinal cord we performed in vivo grafting studies in which either the neural tube or flanking mesoder... | 10.1038/35049541 | Refs 73 and 76 use transplantation methods in zebrafish and chick to show the influence of paraxial mesodermal signals on motor neuron subtype identity along the rostrocaudal axis of the neural tube. |
10.1242/dev.127.15.3313 | 125,236,616 | The Eph family of tyrosine kinase receptors has recently been implicated in various processes involving the detection of environmental cues such as axonal guidance, targeted cell migration and boundary formation. We have inactivated the mouse EphA4 gene to investigate its functions during development. Homozygous EphA4 ... | 10.1038/35049541 | Genetic evidence for a role of Eph signalling in the control of motor axon pathfinding in the developing limb. |
10.1128/jb.180.8.2063-2071.1998 | 19,326,288 | ABSTRACT Replacement of Escherichia coli ’s RecBCD function with phage λ’s Red function generates a strain whose chromosome recombines with short linear DNA fragments at a greatly elevated rate. The rate is at least 70-fold higher than that exhibited by a recBC sbcBC or recD strain. The value of the system is highlight... | 10.1038/35093556 | The first use of phage-recombination functions for generating recombinant molecules using linear double-stranded DNA. |
10.1073/pnas.95.9.5121 | 16,741,929 | The modification of yeast artificial chromosomes through homologous recombination has become a useful genetic tool for studying gene function and enhancer/promoter activity. However, it is difficult to purify intact yeast artificial chromosome DNA at a concentration sufficient for many applications. Bacterial artificia... | 10.1038/35093556 | This paper describes a BAC-modification system that can be used in wild-type E. coli cells. |
10.1093/embo-reports/kvd049 | 101,137,562 | Bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) offer many advantages for functional studies of large eukaryotic genes. To utilize the potential applications of BACs optimally, new approaches that allow rapid and precise engineering of these large molecules are required. Here, we describe a simple and flexible two‐step approac... | 10.1038/35093556 | This paper reports a simple and flexible two-step approach based on ET recombination, which allows point mutations, small insertions or deletions to be introduced into BACs without leaving any other residual change in the recombinant product. |
10.1073/pnas.121164898 | 19,276,475 | Homologous DNA recombination is a fundamental, regenerative process within living organisms. However, in most organisms, homologous recombination is a rare event, requiring a complex set of reactions and extensive homology. We demonstrate in this paper that Beta protein of phage λ generates recombinants in chromosomal ... | 10.1038/35093556 | This paper shows that phage-encoded Beta protein and short single-stranded DNA oligos can be used to mutagenize or repair the E. coli chromosome with high efficiency. |
10.1126/science.2360050 | 39,858,926 | Positron emission tomography (PET) was used to measure changes in regional cerebral blood flow of normal subjects, while they were discriminating different attributes (shape, color, and velocity) of the same set of visual stimuli. Psychophysical evidence indicated that the sensitivity for discriminating subtle stimulus... | 10.1038/35039043 | A classic early PET study showing that selective attention to speed, colour or shape can modulate activity in extrastriate cortex, enhancing activity in regions that are apparently specialized for processing information related to the selected attribute. |
10.1126/science.278.5343.1616 | 125,272,683 | Lavie's theory of attention proposes that the processing load in a relevant task determines the extent to which irrelevant distractors are processed. This theory was tested by asking participants in a study to perform linguistic tasks of low or high load while ignoring irrelevant visual motion in the periphery of the d... | 10.1038/35039043 | Cortical area MT was activated more strongly by irrelevant motion stimuli when subjects carried out an easy primary task than a difficult one, consistent with Lavie's theory that attention selects early under conditions of high load and late under conditions of low load. |
10.1046/j.1460-9568.1998.00181.x | 101,895,251 | Abstract Echoplanar functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to monitor activation changes of brain areas while subjects viewed apparent motion stimuli and while they were engaged in motion imagery. Human cortical areas MT (V5) and MST were the first areas of the ‘dorsal’ processing stream which responded with a ... | 10.1038/35039043 | An fMRI study showing that mental imagery of motion activates cortical area MT; this activation was also observed in earlier areas, and increased with the synaptic distance of an area from V1 along the dorsal processing stream. |
10.1523/jneurosci.19-21-09480.1999 | 123,584,167 | Two experiments used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine the cortical areas involved in establishing an expectation about the direction of motion of an upcoming object and applying that expectation to the analysis of the object. In Experiment 1, subjects saw a stationary cue that either indicated th... | 10.1038/35039043 | This study used both blocked and event-related fMRI to dissociate activity owing to an attentional cue, reflecting top-down control signals, versus detection of a relevant stimulus. Several areas (for example, precentral and intraparietal) were activated during the cue period, with others (for example, prefrontal corte... |
10.1126/science.270.5237.802 | 123,142,950 | Positron emission tomography was used to measure changes in the regional cerebral blood flow of normal people while they searched visual displays for targets defined by color, by motion, or by a conjunction of color and motion. A region in the superior parietal cortex was activated only during the conjunction task, at ... | 10.1038/35039043 | This PET study investigated feature binding. Conjunction but not feature search activated superior parietal cortex, in a region previously shown (reference 63) to support spatial shifts of attention, consistent with the hypothesis that binding relies on a serial spatial attention mechanism. |
10.1126/science.289.5479.617 | 20,613,396 | The fate of stem cells in plant meristems is governed by directional signaling systems that are regulated by negative feedback. In Arabidopsis thaliana , the CLAVATA ( CLV ) genes encode the essential components of a negative, stem cell–restricting pathway. We used transgenic plants overexpressing CLV3 to show that mer... | 10.1038/35067079 | Overexpression of CLV3 reveals a regulatory feedback loop between CLV3 and WUS , providing a possible mechanism for the regulation of a stable stem-cell population. |
10.1242/dev.122.4.1261 | 125,241,563 | An open question in developmental biology is how groups of dividing cells can generate specific numbers of segments or organs. We describe the phenotypic effects of mutations in PERIANTHIA, a gene specifically required for floral organ patterning in Arabidopsis thaliana. Most wild-type Arabidopsis flowers have 4 sepals... | 10.1038/35067079 | The Arabidopsis PAN gene is the only gene so far that specifically affects the phyllotaxy of organ initiation. This paper is a careful phenotypic and genetic analysis of pan mutants. |
10.1242/dev.125.16.3027 | 104,374,655 | The apical portion of the Arabidopsis globular stage embryo gives rise to the cotyledons and the shoot apical meristem (SAM). The SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM) gene is required for SAM formation during embryogenesis and for SAM function throughout the lifetime of the plant. To more precisely define the development of molecu... | 10.1038/35067079 | A carefully done analysis of the sequential establishment of cell fates and meristem identity in the apical domain of the Arabidopsis embryo. |
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