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10.1093/oso/9780198505235.003.0010 | 149,088,992 | Abstract What are the ecological causes of adaptive radiation? The last major synthesis of ideas led to the ‘ecological theory’ that phenotypic divergence and rapid speciation in adaptive radiation are ultimately the outcome of divergent natural selection arising from differences between environments and competition fo... | 10.1038/nature07893 | This book gives an insightful and innovative treatment of adaptive radiation, with discussion of, and examples from, island radiations |
10.1111/j.1365-2699.2008.01892.x | 83,518,427 | Abstract Aim MacArthur and Wilson’s dynamic equilibrium model of island biogeography provides a powerful framework for understanding the ecological processes acting on insular populations. However, their model is known to be less successful when applied to systems and processes operating on evolutionary and geological ... | 10.1038/nature07893 | This paper provides an important synthesis of the biological and geological factors that shape island evolution |
10.1126/science.1128374 | 27,056,262 | Competitor species can have evolutionary effects on each other that result in ecological character displacement; that is, divergence in resource-exploiting traits such as jaws and beaks. Nevertheless, the process of character displacement occurring in nature, from the initial encounter of competitors to the evolutionar... | 10.1038/nature07893 | This paper provides perhaps the best-documented example of character displacement and shows how the presence of a congeneric species changes the course of adaptation |
10.1098/rstb.2008.0114 | 20,539,518 | New Zealand biogeography has been dominated by the knowledge that its geophysical history is continental in nature. The continental crust (Zealandia) from which New Zealand is formed broke from Gondwanaland ca 80 Ma, and there has existed a pervading view that the native biota is primarily a product of this long isolat... | 10.1038/nature07893 | This detailed account of diversification shows that most of New Zealand's biota results from overwater colonization, rather than survival since New Zealand separated from Australia |
10.1126/science.1132027 | 20,618,360 | Against a backdrop of rising global surface temperature, the stability of the Indian monsoon rainfall over the past century has been a puzzle. By using a daily rainfall data set, we show (i) significant rising trends in the frequency and the magnitude of extreme rain events and (ii) a significant decreasing trend in th... | 10.1038/nclimate1495 | This article describes some of the competing trends in monsoon rainfall characteristics over recent decades. |
10.1126/science.1134833 | 122,519,968 | A hallmark of epithelial invagination is the constriction of cells on their apical sides. During Drosophila gastrulation, apical constrictions under the control of the transcription factor Twist lead to the invagination of the mesoderm. Twist-controlled G protein signaling is involved in mediating the invagination but ... | 10.1038/nature21348 | This study identifies a target of Twist called T48 that recruits RhoGEF2 specifically to the apical membrane in ventral-furrow cells and elucidated the interplay between Rho1 signalling and Snail in the apical relocalization of adherens junctions. |
10.1126/scisignal.2004427 | 81,286,526 | The GPCR Mist is required for Fog-induced contractility in cells and acts parallel to Fog in Drosophila epithelial morphogenesis. | 10.1038/nature21348 | Refs 34 and 63 report the identification of the long sought-after receptors for Fog, which function additively in the mesoderm. |
10.1083/jcb.200703010 | 40,684,677 | The neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) tumor suppressor, Merlin, is a membrane/cytoskeleton-associated protein that mediates contact-dependent inhibition of proliferation. Here we show that upon cell–cell contact Merlin coordinates the processes of adherens junction stabilization and negative regulation of epidermal growth... | 10.1038/nature21348 | Refs 84–90 provide mechanistic insights into how changes in cell contact and density can feed back into the activity of key signalling pathways. |
10.1126/science.1260960 | 125,170,119 | Popping materials and devices from 2D into 3D Curved, thin, flexible complex three-dimensional (3D) structures can be very hard to manufacture at small length scales. Xu et al. develop an ingenious design strategy for the microfabrication of complex geometric 3D mesostructures that derive from the out-of-plane buckling... | 10.1038/natrevmats.2017.76 | In this article, a method for creating stretchable 3D structures is presented. These structures could be used to create stretchable flexible 3D electronics. |
10.1073/pnas.1205923109 | 42,559,099 | Curved surfaces, complex geometries, and time-dynamic deformations of the heart create challenges in establishing intimate, nonconstraining interfaces between cardiac structures and medical devices or surgical tools, particularly over large areas. We constructed large area designs for diagnostic and therapeutic stretch... | 10.1038/natrevmats.2017.76 | This article presents an example of how flexible electronics can interact with internal organs and how they are fabricated so that they adapt to the organ topography. |
10.1126/science.1226325 | 125,227,112 | Reversible Implants Silicon electronics are generally designed to be stable and robust—it would be counterproductive if the key parts of your computer or cell phone slowly dissolved away while you were using it. In order to develop transient electronics for use as medical implants, Hwang et al. (p. 1640 , see the cover... | 10.1038/natrevmats.2017.76 | This article presents a shift in bioresorbable electronics in which silicon-based circuit components can be manufactured to have a transient lifetime. |
10.1073/pnas.1317233111 | 62,425,987 | Significance Heart rate monitors, pacemakers, cardioverter-defibrillators, and neural stimulators constitute broad classes of electronic implants that rely on battery power for operation. Means for harvesting power directly from natural processes of the body represent attractive alternatives for these and future types ... | 10.1038/natrevmats.2017.76 | This article presents energy harvesting from internal organs through piezoelectric components on a flexible device. |
10.1126/science.1192128 | 57,207,358 | Synthetic genetic devices that interface with native cellular pathways can be used to change natural networks to implement new forms of control and behavior. The engineering of gene networks has been limited by an inability to interface with native components. We describe a class of RNA control devices that overcome th... | 10.1038/nchembio.609 | This paper describes ligand-induced control over gene expression through regulation of splicing activity using proteins as inputs, resulting in the ability to rewire cellular networks |
10.1146/annurev.astro.45.051806.110546 | 62,036,252 | A significant fraction of nearby galaxies show evidence of weak nuclear activity unrelated to normal stellar processes. Recent high-resolution, multiwavelength observations indicate that the bulk of this activity derives from black hole accretion with a wide range of accretion rates. The low accretion rates that typify... | 10.1038/ncomms2314 | This review contains a definitive look at the demographics of black holes in massive galaxies based on accretion |
10.1073/pnas.0403255101 | 103,891,466 | Mutagenesis of protein-encoding sequences occurs ubiquitously; it enables evolution, accumulates during aging, and is associated with disease. Many biotechnological methods exploit random mutations to evolve novel proteins. To quantitate protein tolerance to random change, it is vital to understand the probability that... | 10.1038/nature11117 | This paper shows that about 34% of random amino-acid replacements inactivate a protein’s functions, indicating the importance of starting with a stabilized protein for protein engineering experiments. |
10.1073/pnas.0906039107 | 103,999,914 | Mutations in either the mitochondrial or nuclear genomes can give rise to respiratory chain disease (RCD), a large class of devastating metabolic disorders. Their clinical management is challenging, in part because we lack facile and accurate biomarkers to aid in diagnosis and in the monitoring of disease progression. ... | 10.1038/nature11707 | This paper reports the application of metabolite profiling to systematically characterize the biochemical ripples that ensue from defined lesions to the mitochondrial respiratory chain, some of which are also mirrored in the plasma of patients with mitochondrial disease. |
10.1126/science.1198704 | 83,435,889 | Simultaneous measurement of more than 30 properties in individual human cells is used to characterize signaling in the immune system. | 10.1038/nchembio.1809 | This describes an interesting application of mass cytometry to simultaneously characterize a single cell with 34 parameters |
10.7554/elife.00471 | 19,104,986 | Type II CRISPR immune systems in bacteria use a dual RNA-guided DNA endonuclease, Cas9, to cleave foreign DNA at specific sites. We show here that Cas9 assembles with hybrid guide RNAs in human cells and can induce the formation of double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) at a site complementary to the guide RNA sequence in gen... | 10.1038/nchembio.1809 | First paper to describe the possibility of RNA-programmed genome editing using the CRISPR technology |
10.2307/2265533 | 752,760 | Regional species diversity limits the diversity of local communities by defining the pool of species that are available to colonize sites. Biogeographical processes that influence speciation and extinction rates determine the size and composition of this regional species pool. Community ecologists are beginning to reco... | 10.1038/nature22897 | The pioneering conception of the role of biotic interactions within local communities in speciation and biodiversity gradients. |
10.1111/ele.12260 | 123,125,041 | Abstract A positive relationship between species richness and island size is thought to emerge from an equilibrium between immigration and extinction rates, but the influence of species diversification on the form of this relationship is poorly understood. Here, we show that within‐lake adaptive radiation strongly modi... | 10.1038/nature22897 | The slope of the species–area relationship for African cichlid fish steepens sharply between small and large lakes, as geographical speciation rates rise. |
10.1126/science.aaf4381 | 41,566,535 | The Anthropocene is witnessing a loss of biodiversity, with well-documented declines in the diversity of ecosystems and species. For intraspecific genetic diversity, however, we lack even basic knowledge on its global distribution. We georeferenced 92,801 mitochondrial sequences for >4500 species of terrestrial mamm... | 10.1038/nature22897 | A map of α genetic diversity in more than 4,500 species of mammals and amphibians. Mean genetic diversity declines at higher latitudes, but the trend mainly seems to occur within — rather than between — species. |
10.1126/science.1254966 | 83,037,143 | Making use of graphene's valleys Graphene has two distinct valleys in its electronic structure, in which the electrons have the same energy. Theorists have predicted that creating an asymmetry between the two valleys will coax graphene into exhibiting the so-called valley Hall effect (VHE). In this effect, electrons fr... | 10.1038/natrevmats.2016.55 | The first experimental report of valley Hall effect in graphene with broken inversion symmetry, using an electronic transport measurement. |
10.1126/science.1250140 | 104,393,492 | Using the valleys in monolayer MoS 2 The electronic structure of the two-dimensional material MoS 2 has two distinct “valleys” of energy that may help to carry information in future electronic devices. Mak et al. observed the so-called valley Hall effect in a monolayer of MoS 2 . The electrons from different valleys mo... | 10.1038/natrevmats.2016.55 | The first experimental report of the valley hall effect in a monolayer TMD using optical injection. |
10.1126/science.aac7820 | 62,256,120 | Stacking to prolong valley lifetime In the material MoSe 2 , which, like graphene, has a two-dimensional honeycomb crystal lattice, the electronic structure has two “valleys.” Electrons can be distinguished by the valley they reside in, making them act as potential information carriers. However, electrons easily lose t... | 10.1038/natrevmats.2016.55 | Recent experimental report of interlayer valley-dependent effects in a 2D semiconductor heterostructure. |
10.1073/pnas.142459399 | 40,940,642 | Under solution conditions where the native state is destabilized, the largely helical polypeptide hormone insulin readily aggregates to form amyloid fibrils with a characteristic cross-β structure. However, there is a lack of information relating the 4.8 Å β-strand repeat to the higher order assembly of amyloid fibrils... | 10.1038/nature20416 | The first atomic-resolution structures of amyloid-like crystals, which revealed the steric-zipper side-chain motif, including the Asn and Gln hydrogen-bond ladders. |
10.1073/pnas.1503455112 | 125,274,113 | Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder in humans and the main cause of dementia in aging societies. The disease is characterized by the aberrant formation of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide oligomers and fibrils. These structures may damage the brain and give rise to cerebral amyloid angiopathy, neuronal... | 10.1038/nature20416 | The cryo-EM reconstruction of an amyloid-β(1–42) fibril reveals an intermolecular steric-zipper motif. |
10.1126/science.1151839 | 40,203,105 | Prion and nonprion forms of proteins are believed to differ solely in their three-dimensional structure, which is therefore of paramount importance for the prion function. However, no atomic-resolution structure of the fibrillar state that is likely infectious has been reported to date. We present a structural model ba... | 10.1038/nature20416 | The 3D structure of a biological-relevant functional amyloid reveals a β-solenoid helix with two windings per molecules, indicating an evolutionarily-evolved prion. |
10.1126/science.1105850 | 41,632,550 | Amyloid fibrils commonly exhibit multiple distinct morphologies in electron microscope and atomic force microscope images, often within a single image field. By using electron microscopy and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance measurements on fibrils formed by the 40-residue β-amyloid peptide of Alzheimer's disease ... | 10.1038/nature20416 | The presence of self-propagating polymorphs is revealed at the atomic level using solid-state NMR. |
10.1126/science.1131864 | 62,551,961 | Protein aggregation is an established pathogenic mechanism in Alzheimer's disease, but little is known about the initiation of this process in vivo. Intracerebral injection of dilute, amyloid-β (Aβ)–containing brain extracts from humans with Alzheimer's disease or β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic mice induc... | 10.1038/nature20416 | Demonstrates that aggregates of amyloid-β(1–42) are transmissible in a mouse model of AD. |
10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05682.x | 4,802,493 | Although studies of the laboratory mouse model have laid the groundwork for our rich understanding of immunobiology, they have fallen short in deciphering human disease and providing much needed therapeutic modalities. Indeed, bench‐to‐bedside approaches have not been a particularly effective means of developing transl... | 10.1038/nature10146 | A recent compilation of some of the distinctions between the human and mouse immune systems. |
10.1126/science.1219330 | 45,539,113 | Waste Not The organic matter in wastewater is a potentially vast and sustainable energy source; however, most wastewater treatment plants consume energy. Cusick et al. (p. 1474 , published online 1 March) combined a microbial fuel cell with a reverse-electrodialysis system to boost the voltage output and the power dens... | 10.1038/nature11477 | This article describes a hybrid system that uses MFC technology to provide favourable electrode reactions, allowing the efficient capture of salinity-gradient energy. |
10.1073/pnas.97.2.599 | 102,351,438 | The NifS and NifU proteins from Azotobacter vinelandii are required for the full activation of nitrogenase. NifS is a homodimeric cysteine desulfurase that supplies the inorganic sulfide necessary for formation of the Fe-S clusters contained within the nitrogenase component proteins. NifU has been suggested to compleme... | 10.1038/nature08301 | This paper introduces the concept of de novo Fe–S-cluster assembly on a scaffold protein. |
10.1073/pnas.90.7.2754 | 122,353,134 | Biological nitrogen fixation is catalyzed by nitrogenase, a complex metalloenzyme composed of two separately purifiable component proteins encoded by the structural genes nifH, nifD, and nifK. Deletion of the Azotobacter vinelandii nifS gene lowers the activities of both nitrogenase component proteins. Because both nit... | 10.1038/nature08301 | This paper identifies and characterizes the founding member of cysteine desulphurases. |
10.1126/science.aaa9272 | 41,628,938 | Taking in more sun Most efforts to grow superior films of organic-inorganic perovskites for solar cells have focused on methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI 3 ). However, formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI 3 ) has a broader solar absorption spectrum that could ultimately lead to better performance. Yang et al. grew high-qua... | 10.1038/natrevmats.2016.23 | This paper reports the highest power conversion efficiency (20.1%) of perovskite solar cells based on a mesoporous TiO2 electrode. |
10.1038/ncomms9286 | 40,715,814 | Abstract Photosynthesis is nature’s route to convert intermittent solar irradiation into storable energy, while its use for an industrial energy supply is impaired by low efficiency. Artificial photosynthesis provides a promising alternative for efficient robust carbon-neutral renewable energy generation. The approach ... | 10.1038/natrevmats.2016.23 | This paper reports the current record STH conversion efficiency (14%) of a photoelectrochemical cell. |
10.1126/science.1223985 | 41,576,593 | Improving Lithium Batteries Lithium-oxygen batteries have similar volumetric energy densities to lithium-ion batteries, but, because the oxygen part of the battery can be extracted from the air, they have a significant advantage in their gravimetric energy densities. One of the fundamental problems plaguing the nonaque... | 10.1038/natrevmats.2016.23 | This paper presents the first achievement on rechargable Li–O2 batteries with a high reversibility based on a mesoporous gold cathode. |
10.1002/chin.201426013 | 39,977,064 | Abstract Pt 3 Ni nanoframes are prepared by dispersing PtNi 3 nanopolyhedra (obtained from an aqueous mixture of H 2 PtCl 6 , Ni(NO 3 ) 2 , and oleylamine at 160 °C for 2—3 min followed by heating up to 270 °C under Ar) in nonpolar solvents such as hexane and chloroform under ambient conditions for 14 d followed by hea... | 10.1038/natrevmats.2016.23 | This paper reports the synthesis of mesoporous Pt3Ni nanoframes with Pt-skin surfaces, which show a high mass activity for the ORR (5.7 A mg −1 Pt) an order of magnitude greater than the 2017 target (0.44 A mg −1 Pt) from the US Department of Energy. |
10.1126/science.aab3798 | 125,290,647 | Store more energy with a touch of nitrogen In contrast to batteries, capacitors typically can store less power, but they can capture and release that power much more quickly. Lin et al. fabricated a porous carbon material that was then doped with nitrogen. This raised the energy density of the carbon more than threefol... | 10.1038/natrevmats.2016.23 | This paper reports the synthesis of nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon, which shows a specific capacitance of ∼ 790 F g −1 , which is much higher than that of a commercial activated carbon ( ∼ 165 F g −1 ; YP-50, Kuraray Chemical). |
10.1073/pnas.1102938108 | 20,833,498 | The proportion of the human gut bacterial community that is recalcitrant to culture remains poorly defined. In this report, we combine high-throughput anaerobic culturing techniques with gnotobiotic animal husbandry and metagenomics to show that the human fecal microbiota consists largely of taxa and predicted function... | 10.1038/nature10213 | This report highlights the use of gnotobiotic mice containing a transplanted human gut microbiome for studying the dynamic interactions between diet and the microbial community. |
10.4049/jimmunol.0902944 | 45,353,365 | Abstract Retinoic acid (RA), a well-known vitamin A metabolite, mediates inhibition of the IL-6-driven induction of proinflammatory Th17 cells and promotes anti-inflammatory regulatory T cell generation in the presence of TGF-β, which is mainly regulated by dendritic cells. To directly address the role of RA in Th17/re... | 10.1038/nature10213 | This study shows how a single micronutrient, vitamin A, modulates host immune responses through its effects on the composition of the intestinal microbiota. |
10.1126/science.1179721 | 38,251,965 | Debugging Metabolic Disease Obesity, now officially recognized as an epidemic in many developed nations, is a key component of “metabolic syndrome,” an array of metabolic disturbances that increase an individual's risk of developing diabetes and heart disease. The rise in obesity rates has been largely attributed to th... | 10.1038/nature10213 | This paper links changes in the configuration of the intestinal microbiota in Tlr5 -deficient mice to inflammation and development of metabolic syndrome. |
10.1126/science.1187703 | 123,494,433 | The Inner Life The influence of intestinal flora on the physiology of the entire host organism has only recently begun to be appreciated. The mammalian gut is not just home to billions of bacteria and archaea, but often harbors much larger creatures such as protozoa, nematodes, and tapeworms. Anticipating a web of inte... | 10.1038/nature10213 | This study demonstrates the co-evolution of bacterial and eukaryotic components of the microbiota and its effect on host immunity. |
10.1098/rstb.2014.0281 | 123,701,709 | Protected areas (PAs) are at the forefront of conservation efforts, and yet despite considerable progress towards the global target of having 17% of the world's land area within protected areas by 2020, biodiversity continues to decline. The discrepancy between increasing PA coverage and negative biodiversity trends ha... | 10.1038/nature22902 | This paper describes progress towards a worldwide evaluation of the performance of protected areas. |
10.1098/rspb.2010.1713 | 102,846,016 | Protected areas (PAs) dominate conservation efforts. They will probably play a role in future climate policies too, as global payments may reward local reductions of loss of natural land cover. We estimate the impact of PAs on natural land cover within each of 147 countries by comparing outcomes inside PAs with outcome... | 10.1038/nature22902 | Matching analysis of protected and unprotected areas shows that legal protection has reduced landscape conversion in 75% of 147 countries. |
10.1073/pnas.0914177107 | 125,313,129 | As global efforts to protect ecosystems expand, the socioeconomic impact of protected areas on neighboring human communities continues to be a source of intense debate. The debate persists because previous studies do not directly measure socioeconomic outcomes and do not use appropriate comparison groups to account for... | 10.1038/nature22902 | Controlled matching methods reveal that protected areas in two very different countries had net positive effects on the livelihoods of local people. |
10.1073/pnas.0511318103 | 84,507,956 | Insect parasitoids are a major component of global biodiversity and affect the population dynamics of their hosts. However, identification of insect parasitoids is often difficult, and they are suspected to contain many cryptic species. Here, we ask whether the cytochrome c oxidase I DNA barcode could function as a too... | 10.1038/nature22902 | This study integrates DNA barcoding, biodiversity inventory, and morphological taxonomic analysis to discover hundreds of undescribed cryptic species and their highly host-specific food-web interactions. |
10.1126/science.220.4594.268 | 61,553,035 | Most of the morphological and functional differences between vertebrates and other chordates occur in the head and are derived embryologically from muscularized hypomere, neural crest, and epidermal (neurogenic) placodes. In the head, the neural crest functions as mesoderm and forms connective, skeletal, and muscular t... | 10.1038/nature14433 | This influential scenario did much to focus the attention of vertebrate biologists back on questions about the evolutionary origin of their group. |
10.1126/science.7886451 | 61,789,858 | The suspension-feeding metazoan subkingdom Lophophorata exhibits characteristics of both deuterostomes and protostomes. Because the morphology and embryology of lophophorates are phylogenetically ambiguous, their origin is a major unsolved problem of metazoan phylogenetics. The complete 18 S ribosomal DNA sequences of ... | 10.1038/nature14433 | This pioneering study in molecular phylogenetics indicated that the greater part of the animal kingdom is divisible into three major super-phyletic groups. |
10.1073/pnas.0905580106 | 39,841,846 | The amygdala is important for determining the emotional significance of environmental stimuli. However, the degree to which appetitive and aversive stimuli are processed by the same or different neuronal circuits within the amygdala remains unclear. Here we show that neuronal activity during the expression of classical... | 10.1038/nature14188 | This study suggested that populations of amygdala neurons that encoded positive and negative outcomes were only partially non-overlapping; the overlapping population may encode salience. |
10.1126/science.1164139 | 102,282,266 | Memories are thought to be encoded by sparsely distributed groups of neurons. However, identifying the precise neurons supporting a given memory (the memory trace) has been a long-standing challenge. We have shown previously that lateral amygdala (LA) neurons with increased cyclic adenosine monophosphate response eleme... | 10.1038/nature14188 | This study provided causal evidence for a stable fear memory engram in the LA by ablating a small proportion of LA neurons overexpressing CREB. |
10.4049/jimmunol.95.5.867 | 139,024,975 | Summary It was observed that the subcutaneous injection of Russell's Viper venom initiated an explosive release of heparin-containing granules from local tissue mast cells and that the shed granules were subsequently ingested by fibroblasts and various other cell types involved in the connective tissue response to veno... | 10.1038/nature11047 | This is the first demonstration of a beneficial role for mast cells in the detoxification of venoms and protection from the noxious effects of envenomation. |
10.1126/science.1128877 | 82,228,755 | Snake or honeybee envenomation can cause substantial morbidity and mortality, and it has been proposed that the activation of mast cells by snake or insect venoms can contribute to these effects. We show, in contrast, that mast cells can significantly reduce snake-venom–induced pathology in mice, at least in part by re... | 10.1038/nature11047 | This paper provides definitive evidence that mast cells enhance resistance to envenomation by detoxifying venom components. |
10.1126/science.2911721 | 124,164,405 | Antigen (egg albumin) injections, which stimulate mucosal mast cells to secrete mediators, were paired with an audiovisual cue. After reexposure to the audiovisual cue, a mediator (rat mast cell protease II) was measured with a sensitive and specific assay. Animals reexposed to only the audiovisual cue released a quant... | 10.1038/nature11047 | This article reports classical conditioning of an allergic response to a neutral stimulus. |
10.1126/science.286.5441.964 | 62,428,712 | Human sex chromosomes evolved from autosomes. Nineteen ancestral autosomal genes persist as differentiated homologs on the X and Y chromosomes. The ages of individual X-Y gene pairs (measured by nucleotide divergence) and the locations of their X members on the X chromosome were found to be highly correlated. Age decre... | 10.1038/ncomms12087 | Evidence of strata on the human sex chromosomes may indicate a role for inversions in sex chromosome divergence |
10.1126/science.1246137 | 103,811,007 | Heteroepitaxy Writ Thin A common method for creating a thin single-crystal layer of a semiconductor for use in an electronic device is heteroepitaxy—growing the layer on the face of a single crystal of a different material that acts as a template for assembly. Liu et al. (p. 163 ) now describe a similar process in whic... | 10.1038/natrevmats.2017.89 | Study demonstrating the epitaxial growth of h-BN on graphene edges to form lateral heterostructures. |
10.1126/science.aab4097 | 62,204,579 | Electronic junctions on edge Two-dimensional materials such as graphene are attractive materials for making smaller transistors because they are inherently nanoscale and can carry high currents. However, graphene has no band gap and the transistors are “leaky”; that is, they are hard to turn off. Related transition met... | 10.1038/natrevmats.2017.89 | Report on the epitaxial growth of monolayer TMD lateral p–n heterojunctions with atomically sharp interfaces. |
10.1126/science.1077780 | 20,844,718 | To explore the role of mitochondrial activity in the aging process, we have lowered the activity of the electron transport chain and adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) synthase with RNA interference (RNAi) in Caenorhabditis elegans. These perturbations reduced body size and behavioral rates and extended adult life-span. R... | 10.1038/nature08983 | This paper provided the first systematic demonstration of a role for the electron transport chain in metazoan lifespan control, through RNAi-mediated knockdown of several of the chain's components. |
10.1073/pnas.261709299 | 121,933,084 | Accumulation of oxidative damage to mitochondria, protein, and nucleic acid in the brain may lead to neuronal and cognitive dysfunction. The effects on cognitive function, brain mitochondrial structure, and biomarkers of oxidative damage were studied after feeding old rats two mitochondrial metabolites, acetyl- l -carn... | 10.1038/nature08983 | This paper reports that memory loss in aged rats can be reversed by restoring mitochondrial function with dietary mitochondrial substrates and antioxidants. |
10.1126/science.1173635 | 20,618,281 | Starved to Life? Caloric restriction—reducing the calories ingested by around 30% of that of a normal, fit individual—leads to substantial increases in life span in experimental animals. In an extensive study of caloric restriction in primates, Colman et al. (p. 201 ) report that rhesus monkeys, which were subjected to... | 10.1038/nature08983 | This paper reports that caloric restriction increases longevity in primates, delays the onset of age-related diseases and reduces age-related brain atrophy. |
10.1161/01.res.0000246849.17887.66 | 107,178,768 | We describe extracellular interactions between fibronectin (Fn) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that influence integrin-growth factor receptor crosstalk and cellular responses. In previous work, we found that VEGF bound specifically to fibronectin (Fn) but not vitronectin or collagens. Herein we report th... | 10.1038/natrevmats.2015.6 | This study details how fibronectin mediates synergistic signalling between VEGFR2 and the integrin α5β1, and the consequences on EC behaviour. |
10.1126/science.1247663 | 41,502,617 | Toward Successful Tissue Repair The therapeutic use of growth factors in tissue regeneration has suffered from safety and efficacy issues. Reasoning that the unmet potential may be because of nonphysiological delivery, Martino et al. (p. 885 ) engineered growth factors to bind strongly to extracellular matrix proteins.... | 10.1038/natrevmats.2015.6 | This study demonstrates a broadly applicable growth factor-engineering strategy to control growth factor delivery through exogenous and endogenous matrices and strongly enhance tissue repair, including angiogenesis in diabetic wounds. |
10.1091/mbc.e09-07-0590 | 45,369,841 | Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF, VEGF-A) is a major regulator of physiological and pathological angiogenesis. One feature of VEGF is the existence of multiple isoforms arising from alternative exon splicing. Our initial biochemical and biological studies indicated that such isoforms are uniquely suited to gene... | 10.1038/natrevmats.2015.6 | This paper focuses on VEGFA as a paradigm to explain how native and proteolytically processed affinities between angiogenic factors and the ECM modulate the angiogenic response. |
10.1126/science.1151461 | 62,338,482 | The transcriptional response to auxin is critical for root and vascular development during Arabidopsis embryogenesis. Auxin induces the degradation of AUXIN/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID (AUX/IAA) transcriptional repressors, freeing their binding partners, the AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR (ARF) proteins, which can activate transcripti... | 10.1038/nature08122 | This paper demonstrated that TOPLESS directly binds domain I of Aux/IAA proteins, leading to transcriptional repression of auxin-responsive genes. This mechanism probably accounts for the repression of ARF function by Aux/IAA proteins. |
10.1126/science.1172408 | 83,404,336 | ABA Receptor Rumbled? The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) is critical for normal development and for mediating plant responses to stressful environmental conditions. Now, two papers present analyses of candidate ABA receptors (see the news story by Pennisi ). Ma et al. (p. 1064; published online 30 April) and Park et... | 10.1038/nature08122 | References 63 and 64 describe the identification of soluble abscisic-acid receptors. A novel model for abscisic-acid action is proposed, in which abscisic acid acts to inhibit PP2C proteins such as ABI1 and ABI2, by promoting an interaction between the phosphatase and PYR1/RCAR1 and related proteins. |
10.1073/pnas.0803996105 | 104,241,004 | Plant form is shaped by a complex network of intrinsic and extrinsic signals. Light-directed growth of seedlings (photomorphogenesis) depends on the coordination of several hormone signals, including brassinosteroids (BRs) and auxin. Although the close relationship between BRs and auxin has been widely reported, the mo... | 10.1038/nature08122 | This paper elucidated an interesting molecular crosstalk strategy in which the brassinosteroid-regulated BIN2 kinase directly regulates ARF2, thereby modulating auxin signalling. |
10.1002/anie.200462786 | 103,821,328 | Abstract Increased attention is being focused on metal–organic frameworks as candidates for hydrogen storage materials. This is a result of their many favorable attributes, such as high porosity, reproducible and facile syntheses, amenability to scale‐up, and chemical modification for targeting desired properties. A di... | 10.1038/nenergy.2016.34 | This paper highlights different strategies for hydrogen storage in MOFs being used today and has led to room temperature uptake of 2–3 wt% and 6 wt% at 77 K. |
10.1126/science.1067208 | 83,542,994 | A strategy based on reticulating metal ions and organic carboxylate links into extended networks has been advanced to a point that allowed the design of porous structures in which pore size and functionality could be varied systematically. Metal-organic framework (MOF-5), a prototype of a new class of porous materials ... | 10.1038/nenergy.2016.34 | This publication describes use of the isoreticular principle in making MOFs and designing their interior for methane storage. |
10.1126/science.1164860 | 83,296,931 | The nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) transcription factor regulates cellular stress responses and the immune response to infection. NF-κB activation results in oscillations in nuclear NF-κB abundance. To define the function of these oscillations, we treated cells with repeated short pulses of tumor necrosis factor–α at variou... | 10.1038/nature09232 | This imaging and systems biology study showed that pulsatile stimulation to induce synchronous NF-κB oscillations at different frequencies could direct differential gene expression and that cellular heterogeneity results from the stochastic transcription of negative-feedback inhibitor genes. |
10.1126/science.1070919 | 41,703,719 | Clonal populations of cells exhibit substantial phenotypic variation. Such heterogeneity can be essential for many biological processes and is conjectured to arise from stochasticity, or noise, in gene expression. We constructed strains of Escherichia coli that enable detection of noise and discrimination between the t... | 10.1038/nature09232 | This paper analysed gene expression in single bacteria and defined intrinsic and extrinsic noise in transcription. |
10.1073/pnas.68.4.820 | 20,848,282 | Based upon observations on 48 cases of retinoblastoma and published reports, the hypothesis is developed that retinoblastoma is a cancer caused by two mutational events. In the dominantly inherited form, one mutation is inherited via the germinal cells and the second occurs in somatic cells. In the nonhereditary form, ... | 10.1038/nature12981 | A statistical study of retinoblastoma predicted it was due to two mutational events, one of which was inherited in familial and bilateral cases. |
10.1126/science.1978757 | 104,175,251 | Familial cancer syndromes have helped to define the role of tumor suppressor genes in the development of cancer. The dominantly inherited Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is of particular interest because of the diversity of childhood and adult tumors that occur in affected individuals. The rarity and high mortality of LFS p... | 10.1038/nature12981 | In this study, the authors used a candidate gene approach to demonstrate that germline TP53 mutations confer an increased risk of multiple cancers, often referred to as Li-Fraumeni syndrome. |
10.1002/0471142905.hg1011s57 | 42,502,497 | Abstract COSMIC is currently the most comprehensive global resource for information on somatic mutations in human cancer, combining curation of the scientific literature with tumor resequencing data from the Cancer Genome Project at the Sanger Institute, U.K. Almost 4800 genes and 250000 tumors have been examined, resu... | 10.1038/nature12981 | The COSMIC database is a catalogue of somatic mutations that have been identified in cancer and has proved highly useful for many aspects of research. |
10.1126/science.1230062 | 125,072,654 | Promoter Mutations and Cancer Cancer genome sequencing projects have highlighted the pathogenic role of recurrent mutations within the protein-coding regions of genes. Now, two studies suggest that the scope of mutations in human tumors extends to gene regulatory regions. In a study of 70 melanomas, Huang et al. (p. 95... | 10.1038/nature12981 | This provides one of the clearest examples of specific promotor mutations that predispose to cancer, notably melanoma is not one of the carriers prominent in dyskeratosis congenita caused by exonic TERT mutations. |
10.1126/science.1233151 | 38,210,594 | Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is an inherited immunodeficiency caused by mutations in the gene encoding WASP, a protein regulating the cytoskeleton. Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) transplants can be curative, but, when matched donors are unavailable, infusion of autologous HSPCs modified ex vivo by gene the... | 10.1038/nature12981 | In this study, a lentiviral vector encoding functional WASP was used to genetically correct haematopoeitic stem cells, which were reinfused into three patients with Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome, with improved clinical symptoms. |
10.5194/gmd-4-381-2011 | 61,013,538 | Abstract. The ongoing, anthropogenically-driven changes to the global ocean are expected to have significant consequences for plankton ecosystems in the future. Because of the role that plankton play in the ocean's "biological pump", changes in abundance, distribution and productivity will likely have additional conseq... | 10.1038/nature10836 | An example of an article from a journal that asks for code release for model description papers and encourages code release for other categories of paper. |
10.1126/science.1157657 | 19,515,177 | To find inherited causes of autism-spectrum disorders, we studied families in which parents share ancestors, enhancing the role of inherited factors. We mapped several loci, some containing large, inherited, homozygous deletions that are likely mutations. The largest deletions implicated genes, including PCDH10 ( proto... | 10.1038/nature11860 | This paper provides evidence for the hypothesis that genetic mutations associated with ASD may disrupt activity-dependent gene expression programs. |
10.1098/rstb.2005.1628 | 62,497,958 | We describe the location and general properties of nine human visual field maps. The cortical location of each map, as well as many examples of the eccentricity and angular representations within these maps, are shown in a series of images that summarize a large set of functional MRI data. The organization and properti... | 10.1038/nature06976 | This paper provides a description of human visual field maps and the rationale generating and naming them. |
10.1126/science.1150349 | 29,128,589 | A common assumption is that ecosystem services respond linearly to changes in habitat size. This assumption leads frequently to an “all or none” choice of either preserving coastal habitats or converting them to human use. However, our survey of wave attenuation data from field studies of mangroves, salt marshes, seagr... | 10.1038/nature12859 | This paper highlights the wave attenuation function of several coastal ecosystem types, and that this protective function is nonlinearly related to ecosystem size. |
10.1101/gr.084970.108 | 61,183,758 | The predominant organizational theme by which the transcription machinery and chromatin regulators are positioned within promoter regions or throughout genes in a genome is largely unknown. We mapped the genomic location of diverse representative components of the gene regulatory machinery in Saccharomyces cerevisiae t... | 10.1038/nature08449 | This paper examines the genome-wide distribution of Pol II in yeast and suggests that yeast have Pol II enrichment on the 59 ends of many genes. |
10.1126/science.1162228 | 41,536,477 | RNA polymerases are highly regulated molecular machines. We present a method (global run-on sequencing, GRO-seq) that maps the position, amount, and orientation of transcriptionally engaged RNA polymerases genome-wide. In this method, nuclear run-on RNA molecules are subjected to large-scale parallel sequencing and map... | 10.1038/nature08449 | This paper examines the transcriptionally engaged polymerase across the genome in human cells, and demonstrates a 59-end enrichment in engaged Pol II at many genes. |
10.1073/pnas.0307490100 | 83,390,772 | We demonstrate the efficacy of a genome-wide protocol in yeast that allows the identification of those gene products that functionally interact with small molecules and result in the inhibition of cellular proliferation. Here we present results from screening 10 diverse compounds in 80 genome-wide experiments against t... | 10.1038/nchembio.744 | First large-scale demonstration that the complete bar-coded heterozygous strains could rapidly identify drug targets de novo with high confidence in a genome-wide collection. |
10.1126/science.1150021 | 41,541,964 | Genetics aims to understand the relation between genotype and phenotype. However, because complete deletion of most yeast genes (∼80%) has no obvious phenotypic consequence in rich medium, it is difficult to study their functions. To uncover phenotypes for this nonessential fraction of the genome, we performed 1144 che... | 10.1038/nchembio.744 | This comprehensive assessment of the yeast deletion collections in >500 conditions revealed that nearly all genes (97%) are essential for optimal growth in at least one condition tested, demonstrating the importance of conditional essentiality and questioning the functions of redundant genes in evolution. |
10.1073/pnas.132275199 | 109,163,716 | The recent completion of the deletion of all of the nonessential genes in budding yeast has provided a powerful new way of determining those genes that affect the sensitivity of this organism to cytotoxic agents. We have used this system to test the hypothesis that genes whose transcription is increased after DNA damag... | 10.1038/nchembio.744 | First comprehensive systematic study confirming that transcriptional responses to DNA-damaging agents do not correlate with genes required for growth in the same conditions. |
10.1073/pnas.80.22.6750 | 17,592,365 | The availability of multicopy plasmid vectors for the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae allows the selective amplification of individual segments of the genome. Increased dosage of particular genes results in overproduction of specific gene products and thereby confers resistance to certain metabolic inhibitors. Advantage... | 10.1038/nchembio.744 | First demonstration in yeast that drug targets could be identified by their ability to confer resistance when overexpressed. |
10.1073/pnas.1009845107 | 20,782,632 | One potentially rich source of possible targets for antifungal therapy are those Candida albicans genes deemed essential for growth under the standard culture (i.e., in vitro) conditions; however, these genes are largely unexplored as drug targets because essential genes are not experimentally amenable to conventional ... | 10.1038/nchembio.744 | Here the authors utilize a tetracycline-inducible promoter system to construct conditional mutants in C. albicans and apply a chemical-genetic strategy to broadly validate fungal targets in a mouse candidiasis model. Over 175 genes are genetically inactivated in vivo to assess their consequences as targets in preventin... |
10.1128/aac.01405-09 | 80,370,913 | ABSTRACT Fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance of Bacillus anthracis is a serious concern in the fields of biodefense and bioterrorism since FQs are very effective antibiotics and are recommended as first-line treatment against this lethal bacterium. In this study, we obtained 2 strains of B. anthracis showing resistance or ... | 10.1038/nchembio.744 | This report demonstrates how drug-resistance mapping and concise antibiotic MOA determination can be achieved by combining drug-resistance mutation selection and next-generation sequencing. |
10.1126/science.287.5460.1995 | 104,000,681 | The formation of a single product from terminal functionalization of linear alkanes from a transition metal–catalyzed reaction is reported. The rhodium complex Cp*Rh(η 4 -C 6 Me 6 ) (Cp*, C 5 Me 5 ; Me, methyl) catalyzes the high-yield formation of linear alkylboranes from commercially available borane reagents under t... | 10.1038/nature07369 | This paper reports the only catalytic process to functionalize terminal alkyl C-H bonds selectively. |
10.1126/science.1226325 | 125,227,112 | Reversible Implants Silicon electronics are generally designed to be stable and robust—it would be counterproductive if the key parts of your computer or cell phone slowly dissolved away while you were using it. In order to develop transient electronics for use as medical implants, Hwang et al. (p. 1640 , see the cover... | 10.1038/nature21002 | This paper describes the first physically transient electronics and application in an implantable biomedical device. |
10.1126/science.1065879 | 123,162,211 | We have developed a transparent organic polymeric material that can repeatedly mend or “re-mend” itself under mild conditions. The material is a tough solid at room temperature and below with mechanical properties equaling those of commercial epoxy resins. At temperatures above 120°C, approximately 30% (as determined b... | 10.1038/nature21002 | This paper describes multiple cycles of healing in a crosslinked polymer network by thermally reversible covalent bonding. |
10.1126/science.1251135 | 19,830,760 | Self-Healing Larger Wounds By loading a polymer with pockets of monomer, it is possible to heal small cracks in a sample through the polymerization of the monomer following the formation of a crack. However, large holes are much harder to repair. White et al. (p. 620 ; see the Perspective by Zhao and Arruda ) developed... | 10.1038/nature21002 | This paper describes the self-healing of large-scale damage by vascular delivery of two-stage chemistry that first forms a dynamic gel scaffold and then polymerizes. |
10.1126/science.270.5243.1789 | 41,744,691 | The carrier collection efficiency (η c ) and energy conversion efficiency (η e ) of polymer photovoltaic cells were improved by blending of the semiconducting polymer with C 60 or its functionalized derivatives. Composite films of poly(2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene) (MEH-PPV) and fullerenes exh... | 10.1038/natrevmats.2017.26 | One of the earliest demonstrations of the BHJ concept that resulted in a breakthrough in polymer solar cell efficiency. |
10.1126/science.286.5441.945 | 20,348,877 | Organic-inorganic hybrid materials promise both the superior carrier mobility of inorganic semiconductors and the processability of organic materials. A thin-film field-effect transistor having an organic-inorganic hybrid material as the semiconducting channel was demonstrated. Hybrids based on the perovskite structure... | 10.1038/natrevmats.2017.26 | This work opened the door to new solution-processed materials (perovskites) that a decade later started a revolution in solution-processed photovoltaics and lighting. |
10.1126/science.1170524 | 20,869,495 | Colloidal Nanocrystal Compounds Colloidal nanocrystals have properties that fall between those of the individual atoms but also differ from bulk due to confinement effects. They can thus be thought of as analogs of atoms, and, like atoms, there is a desire to bond together neighboring particles, which will also affect ... | 10.1038/natrevmats.2017.26 | The first demonstration of a solution-phase ligand exchange to small molecular and atomic ligands, expanding the library of solvents for quantum dots and allowing for much enhanced electrical conductivity of quantum dot solids. |
10.1126/science.aaa2725 | 83,468,550 | Large-crystal perovskite films The performance of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite planar solar cells has steadily improved. One outstanding issue is that grain boundaries and defects in polycrystalline films degrade their output. Now, two studies report the growth of millimeter-scale single crystals. Nie et al. gre... | 10.1038/natrevmats.2017.26 | The first solution-processed single-crystal lead halide perovskites with electronic properties approaching those of ultrahigh purity conventional bulk semiconductors. |
10.1126/science.162.3858.1148 | 38,517,094 | While awake, unanesthetized monkeys held their eyes stationary, a motionless or slowly moving stimulus falling on the receptive field of striate cortex neurons produced an excitatory response. When a rapid eye movement was made across the same stimulus, many of these neurons continued to give an excitatory response. Bu... | 10.1038/nature08539 | This paper reports the training of monkeys to fixate a spot of light, introducing a powerful method of controlling sensory and motor variables in combination with electrophysiological recordings |
10.1073/pnas.0509030102 | 20,356,435 | Techniques for fast noninvasive control of neuronal excitability will be of major importance for analyzing and understanding neuronal networks and animal behavior. To develop these tools we demonstrated that two light-activated signaling proteins, vertebrate rat rhodopsin 4 (RO4) and the green algae channelrhodospin 2 ... | 10.1038/nature08539 | Reference 26 showed that ChR2 is a directly light-gated cation channel that can be used to depolarize mammalian cells. References 27 and 28 demonstrated that light can be used to impose precise patterns of action-potential trains on ChR2-expressing neurons |
10.1126/science.1064761 | 20,719,337 | A frustrated system is one whose symmetry precludes the possibility that every pairwise interaction (“bond”) in the system can be satisfied at the same time. Such systems are common in all areas of physical and biological science. In the most extreme cases, they can have a disordered ground state with “macroscopic” deg... | 10.1038/nature08917 | This is an excellent review of the physics of spin ice that was published before the recent work on Coulomb correlations and monopoles. |
10.1101/gad.12.23.3715 | 83,423,277 | Germ-line stem cells (GSCs) serve as the source for gametogenesis in diverse organisms. We cloned and characterized the Drosophila piwi gene and showed that it is required for the asymmetric division of GSCs to produce and maintain a daughter GSC but is not essential for the further differentiation of the committed dau... | 10.1038/nature12987 | This paper reports the discovery of the argonaute piwi gene family and is the first demonstration of the somatic function of a PIWI protein (for germline stem-cell maintenance). |
10.1101/gad.1454806 | 62,493,098 | In Drosophila , Piwi (P-element-induced wimpy testis), which encodes a protein of the Argonaute family, is essential for germ stem cell self-renewal. Piwi has recently been shown to be a nuclear protein involved in gene silencing of retrotransposons and controlling their mobilization in the male germline. However, litt... | 10.1038/nature12987 | This work defines a somatic piRNA pathway in the Drosophila ovary. |
10.1101/gad.1564307 | 109,084,870 | The interface between cellular systems involving small noncoding RNAs and epigenetic change remains largely unexplored in metazoans. RNA-induced silencing systems have the potential to target particular regions of the genome for epigenetic change by locating specific sequences and recruiting chromatin modifiers. Noting... | 10.1038/nature12987 | This paper shows the direct interaction between Piwi and HP1a, the binding of Piwi to chromosomes in Drosophila somatic cells and the epigenetic effect of such interaction and binding. |
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