source_doi stringlengths 13 57 | source_mag_paper_id int64 490k 157M | source_abstract stringlengths 8 10.7k | target_doi stringlengths 14 27 | target_summary stringlengths 42 889 |
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10.1126/science.1207861 | 82,178,385 | Biological functions of sirtuins may involve lysine desuccinylase and demalonylase activities. | 10.1038/nrm3293 | References 22 and 23 describe desuccinylation and demalonylation as a novel function for SIRT5. Reference 23 identifies CPS1 as a desuccinylated target. |
10.1182/blood-2013-01-473405 | 18,862,005 | Key Points The loss of the two most abundant eosinophil granule proteins disrupts the production of blood eosinophils from marrow progenitors. Knockout animals deficient for both MBP-1 and EPX represent a novel strain of mice with a specific and congenital loss of eosinophils. | 10.1038/nri.2017.95 | This study shows that concomitant loss of two of the main granule-derived cationic proteins (MBP1 and EPX) results in selective loss of eosinophil lineage-committed progenitors. This provides, for the first time, a link between granule protein expression and eosinophilopoiesis. |
10.1189/jlb.0108058 | 82,215,048 | Abstract Eosinophils are innate immune leukocytes implicated in the initiation and maintenance of type 2 immune responses, including asthma and allergy. The ability to store and rapidly secrete preformed cytokines distinguishes eosinophils from most lymphocytes, which must synthesize cytokine proteins prior to secretio... | 10.1038/nri.2017.95 | This study shows that blood eosinophils from healthy humans constitutively contain preformed stores of various cytokines that are rapidly and differentially released in response to specific agonists. |
10.1002/eji.201141953 | 39,985,572 | Abstract Eosinophils not only have multiple functions as effector cells of the innate immune system but also as modulators of immune responses. As producers of cytokines required for plasma cell survival, they are essential for the long‐term maintenance of plasma cells in the BM. Here we show that the activation of eos... | 10.1038/nri.2017.95 | This study suggests that antigen-dependent activation primes eosinophils to provide pro-survival signals to plasma cells within bone marrow niches. |
10.1073/pnas.0508946103 | 82,215,299 | Although leukocytes of the innate immune system, including eosinophils, contain within their granules preformed stores of cytokines available for selective and rapid release, little is known about the mechanisms governing the mobilization and secretion of these cytokines. Here we show that a cytokine receptor, the IL-4... | 10.1038/nri.2017.95 | This study shows that a granule-derived cytokine can be mobilized into secretory vesicles and chaperoned through the vesicular compartment bound to its cognate receptor during eosinophil PMD. |
10.1126/science.1201475 | 20,780,598 | Regulation of adipose tissue macrophages by eosinophils reveals an unexpected role for eosinophils in metabolic homeostasis. | 10.1038/nri.2017.95 | This study implicates IL-4 and/or IL-13 derived from adipose tissue eosinophils in the maintenance of alternatively activated macrophages, thereby linking eosinophils to metabolic homeostasis. |
10.1126/science.1164511 | 41,543,959 | As the immune system develops, T cells are selected or regulated to become tolerant of self antigens and reactive against foreign antigens. In mice, the induction of such tolerance is thought to be attributable to the deletion of self-reactive cells. Here, we show that the human fetal immune system takes advantage of a... | 10.1038/nri.2017.38 | This study provides evidence that fetal effector T cells are capable of alloreactivity, but are actively suppressed by fetal immune-suppressive T reg cells. |
10.1073/pnas.93.2.705 | 123,792,071 | Rare nucleated fetal cells circulate within maternal blood. Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis by isolation and genetic analysis of these cells is currently being undertaken. We sought to determine if genetic evidence existed for persistent circulation of fetal cells from prior pregnancies. Venous blood samples were obtain... | 10.1038/nri.2017.38 | This study definitively demonstrates that genetically foreign male cells of presumed fetal origin can persist in mothers decades after parturition. |
10.1126/science.3051377 | 19,276,147 | Patients who have received many transfusions become highly sensitized and develop antibodies against almost all HLA alloantigens, so that finding a cross-match negative kidney donor is difficult. A survey of those patients showed that 50 percent did not form antibodies against the noninherited maternal HLA antigens. Ap... | 10.1038/nri.2017.38 | This study shows that developmental exposure to genetically foreign non-inherited maternal HLA confers long-lasting functional tolerance in humans, as indicated by the diminished priming of HLA-specific antibodies. |
10.1182/blood-2009-03-213561 | 82,892,993 | Abstract In mice and humans, the immunologic effects of developmental exposure to noninherited maternal antigens (NIMAs) are quite variable. This heterogeneity likely reflects differences in the relative levels of NIMA-specific T regulatory (TR) versus T effector (TE) cells. We hypothesized that maintenance of NIMA-spe... | 10.1038/nri.2017.38 | This study shows that maternal microchimeric cells are widely distributed in the tissues of adult offspring, and that exposure to NIMAs during lactation is essential for persisting tolerance to maternal alloantigens. |
10.1073/pnas.0307690101 | 4,517,219 | Francisella tularensis is able to survive and grow within macrophages, a trait that contributes to pathogenesis. Several genes have been identified that are important for intramacrophage survival, including mglA and iglC. F. tularensis is also able to survive within amoebae. It is shown here that F. tularensis mglA and... | 10.1038/nrmicro1045 | Showed a connection between the virulence mechanisms required for F. tularensis survival in eukaryotic cells and amoebae. |
10.1111/j.1365-2958.1996.tb02524.x | 26,842,954 | Summary Many microbial pathogens, such as Mycobacterium spp. and Salmonella spp., use macrophage intracellular growth or antigenic variation as mechanisms for avoiding the host immune system. In this work we present evidence to show that the intracellular pathogen Francisella tularensis uses phase variation to alter an... | 10.1038/nrmicro1045 | Describes an unusual antigenic switch that might contribute to the pathogenicity of F. tularensis |
10.1126/science.aak9654 | 41,676,603 | Activating DNA repair DNA double-strand breaks must be repaired efficiently to avoid cell death or cancer. The break ends can either be directly ligated by nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) or more accurately repaired by homologous recombination that uses information from the sister chromatid. Sibanda et al. present a h... | 10.1038/nrm.2017.48 | This paper describes the crystal structure of DNA-PKcs at 4.3 Å. Although no DNA is present, the 20 kDa portion of the C terminus of Ku80 is present. |
10.1084/jem.20081623 | 16,807,711 | Immunoglobulin heavy chain class switch recombination (CSR) is believed to occur through the generation and repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in the long and repetitive switch regions. Although implied, the role of the major vertebrate DSB repair pathway, nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ), in CSR has been contro... | 10.1038/nrm.2017.48 | This paper describes the effect of DNA ligase IV knockout on immunoglobulin class switch recombination in a murine B cell line. |
10.1126/science.1139158 | 38,427,108 | Sea anemones are seemingly primitive animals that, along with corals, jellyfish, and hydras, constitute the oldest eumetazoan phylum, the Cnidaria. Here, we report a comparative analysis of the draft genome of an emerging cnidarian model, the starlet sea anemone Nematostella vectensis . The sea anemone genome is comple... | 10.1038/nrg.2016.39 | The sequencing of the anemone genome changed the view of animal evolution, revealing that ancient metazoan genomes were complex and that gene losses have been pervasive throughout animal lineages. |
10.1126/science.1180823 | 122,987,548 | Making Connections Genetic interaction profiles highlight cross-connections between bioprocesses, providing a global view of cellular pleiotropy, and enable the prediction of genetic network hubs. Costanzo et al. (p. 425 ) performed a pairwise fitness screen covering approximately one-third of all potential genetic int... | 10.1038/nrg.2016.39 | This work constructs a genome-scale genetic interaction map covering 75% of all genes of S. cerevisiae and provides experimental evidence that describes how gene redundancy and alternative pathways account for genetic robustness. |
10.1126/science.1150021 | 41,541,964 | Genetics aims to understand the relation between genotype and phenotype. However, because complete deletion of most yeast genes (∼80%) has no obvious phenotypic consequence in rich medium, it is difficult to study their functions. To uncover phenotypes for this nonessential fraction of the genome, we performed 1144 che... | 10.1038/nrg.2016.39 | This work provides experimental evidence that most of the seemingly dispensable genes of the gene knockout paradox are in fact required for optimal growth in at least one condition. |
10.1098/rspb.2014.0930 | 60,872,849 | While gene flow between distantly related populations is increasingly recognized as a potentially important source of adaptive genetic variation for humans, fully characterized examples are rare. In addition, the role that natural selection for resistance to vivax malaria may have played in the extreme distribution of ... | 10.1038/nrg.2016.39 | The authors propose that null mutations of DUFFY have been positively selected, supporting the hypothesis that malaria resistance drove fixation of the DUFFY -null allele in mainland sub-Saharan Africa. |
10.1073/pnas.95.17.10279 | 38,715,777 | Although many vertebrates can synthesize ascorbic acid (vitamin C), it is still unclear from the evolutionary perspective when the ability to synthesize the vitamin first appeared in the animal kingdom and how frequently the trait has been lost. We report here ascorbic acid biosynthesis ability in sea lamprey ( Petromy... | 10.1038/nrg.2016.39 | This work shows a paradigmatic case of recurrent gene loss in which genes are studied that are involved in the synthesis of vitamin C. These genes have been lost in several cases during vertebrate evolution, which is associated with changes in environmental conditions (specifically, diet). |
10.1126/science.1215040 | 20,848,290 | Defective Gene Detective Identifying genes that give rise to diseases is one of the major goals of sequencing human genomes. However, putative loss-of-function genes, which are often some of the first identified targets of genome and exome sequencing, have often turned out to be sequencing errors rather than true genet... | 10.1038/nrg.2016.39 | The authors use the whole-genome sequences of 185 humans to show that there are approximately 80 heterozygous and, importantly, approximately 20 homozygous loss-of-function variants in a typical healthy individual, supporting the presence of a substantial number of non-functional variants in natural populations. |
10.1186/1471-2148-6-27 | 18,623,053 | Abstract Background Lateral gene transfer (LGT) in eukaryotes from non-organellar sources is a controversial subject in need of further study. Here we present gene distribution and phylogenetic analyses of the genes encoding the hybrid-cluster protein, A-type flavoprotein, glucosamine-6-phosphate isomerase, and alcohol... | 10.1038/nrg2386 | Even among just four gene families, a large number of both bacteria–eukaryote and eukaryote–eukaryote transfers are shown to have accumulated sequentially in the genomes of several diverse lineages of protists. |
10.1186/1471-2148-7-82 | 120,118,298 | Abstract Background EFL (or elongation factor-like) is a member of the translation superfamily of GTPase proteins. It is restricted to eukaryotes, where it is found in a punctate distribution that is almost mutually exclusive with elongation factor-1 alpha (EF-1α). EF-1α is a core translation factor previously thought ... | 10.1038/nrg2386 | The overall distribution of the EFL protein suggests several eukaryote–eukaryote HGT events (see reference 87), but the distribution of EFL within green algae is so complex at the fine scale that both transfer and lineage sorting probably contributed to its evolution. |
10.1073/pnas.042694899 | 26,872,939 | To study the tempo and pattern of mitochondrial gene loss in plants, DNAs from 280 genera of flowering plants were surveyed for the presence or absence of 40 mitochondrial protein genes by Southern blot hybridization. All 14 ribosomal protein genes and both sdh genes have been lost from the mitochondrial genome many ti... | 10.1038/nrg2386 | A large-scale study showing that rates of functional transfer of mitochondrial genes to the nucleus in angiosperm vary enormously, often exceeding rates of even synonymous nucleotide substitutions, and that genes for hydrophobic proteins are far more recalcitrant to functional transfer than are those encoding non-hydro... |
10.1105/tpc.104.027706 | 81,052,184 | Abstract Plastid DNA fragments are often found in the plant nuclear genome, and DNA transfer from plastids to the nucleus is ongoing. However, successful gene transfer is rare. What happens to compensate for this? To address this question, we analyzed nuclear-localized plastid DNA (nupDNA) fragments throughout the rice... | 10.1038/nrg2386 | Elegant bioinformatic analyses reveal that, in rice at least, plastid DNA sequences are transferred to the nucleus at even higher rates than previously observed but are then lost and fragmented at surprisingly high rates too. Another unexpected finding is that much of this chloroplast–nuclear flux occurs in pericentrom... |
10.1126/science.1142490 | 107,149,977 | Although common among bacteria, lateral gene transfer—the movement of genes between distantly related organisms—is thought to occur only rarely between bacteria and multicellular eukaryotes. However, the presence of endosymbionts, such as Wolbachia pipientis , within some eukaryotic germlines may facilitate bacterial g... | 10.1038/nrg2386 | Many animals harbour bacterial endosymbionts, and this paper shows that many genes, or even whole copies of these endosymbiont genomes, have been transferred to the nuclear genome of the animal host. This paper is also a cautionary tale for the automated removal of 'contaminant' bacterial sequence from genome projects ... |
10.1073/pnas.1230951100 | 60,568,293 | Chlorarachniophytes are amoeboflagellate algae that acquired photosynthesis secondarily by engulfing a green alga and retaining its plastid (chloroplast). An important consequence of secondary endosymbiosis in chlorarachniophytes is that most of the nuclear genes encoding plastid-targeted proteins have moved from the n... | 10.1038/nrg2386 | One of the first studies to describe widespread HGT to a nuclear genome, in this case showing that plastid-targeted genes are derived from many different kinds of algae and bacteria. |
10.1186/1471-2148-7-89 | 97,835,591 | Abstract Background Lateral gene transfer is increasingly invoked to explain phylogenetic results that conflict with our understanding of organismal relationships. In eukaryotes, the most common observation interpreted in this way is the appearance of a bacterial gene (one that is not clearly derived from the mitochond... | 10.1038/nrg2386 | There are many examples of relatively simple bacteria–eukaryote HGT events, but in this paper broader sampling of three cases shows that complex, multiple transfer events might often seem to be simpler than they really are, and that transfer between eukaryotes might be more common than we think. |
10.1073/pnas.012516899 | 1,757,721 | Tubulins, the protein constituents of the microtubule cytoskeleton, are present in all known eukaryotes but have never been found in the Bacteria or Archaea. Here we report the presence of two tubulin-like genes [bacterial tubulin a ( btuba ) and bacterial tubulin b ( btubb )] in bacteria of the genus Prosthecobacter (... | 10.1038/nrg2386 | Tubulins are hallmark proteins of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton, so it was surprising to find that this bacterial genome had acquired both alpha- and beta-tubulin genes by HGT, and that the proteins seem to retain some structural function. |
10.1186/1741-7007-5-26 | 97,837,073 | Abstract Background Horizontal or lateral transfer of genetic material between distantly related prokaryotes has been shown to play a major role in the evolution of bacterial and archaeal genomes, but exchange of genes between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is not as well understood. In particular, gene flow from eukaryote... | 10.1038/nrg2386 | Many eukaryotic genes are derived from the plastid endosymbiont, but here a eukaryotic gene that took over plastid function has also been transferred back to cyanobacteria, where it integrated into the genome adjacent to its bacterial analogue. |
10.1073/pnas.0408336102 | 16,685,291 | Several plants are known to have acquired a single mitochondrial gene by horizontal gene transfer (HGT), but whether these or any other plants have acquired many foreign genes is entirely unclear. To address this question, we focused on Amborella trichopoda , because it was already known to possess one horizontally acq... | 10.1038/nrg2386 | A remarkable case in which a flowering plant mitochondrial genome possesses as many foreign genes, acquired from a diverse range of land plant mitochondrial donors, as it does native genes. |
10.1093/aje/kwae026 | 144,112,909 | Abstract The objective of this study was to examine the impact of methodological changes to the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) Score on associations with risk for all-cause mortality, cancer mortality, and cancer risk jointly among older adults in the NIH-AARP Diet an... | 10.1038/nrc2441 | In this second edition, international data from published studies of diet and cancer are summarized systematically (through meta-analyses) and results are interpreted to provide individual and policy recommendations. |
10.1073/pnas.092034699 | 125,090,744 | Endogenous metals may contribute to the accumulation of amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease. To specifically examine the role of synaptic zinc in the plaque accumulation, Tg2576 (also called APP2576) transgenic mice ( hAPP + ) expressing cerebral amyloid plaque pathology were crossed with mice lacking zinc transport... | 10.1038/nrd1330 | This paper highlights the pivotal role zinc plays in the deposition of Aβ. |
10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01917.x | 82,498,173 | Abstract The biosynthesis, structure and function of neuromelanin (NM), the dark brown melanin‐like pigment present in the substantia nigra (SN), are not well characterized, in spite of the possible involvement of NM in the etiology and pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. NM was isolated from the SN of five non‐Parkin... | 10.1038/nrd1330 | Identifies the chemical nature of neuromelanin thereby providing further evidence as to why neuromelanin-containing cells are susceptible in PD. |
10.1126/science.8209258 | 20,800,332 | Mutations of human Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) are found in about 20 percent of patients with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Expression of high levels of human SOD containing a substitution of glycine to alanine at position 93—a change that has little effect on enzyme activity—caused motor neuron di... | 10.1038/nrd1330 | This paper reports that ALS mutant SOD is toxic — that is, there is a toxic gain of function. |
10.1126/science.284.5415.805 | 20,844,337 | The copper chaperone for the superoxide dismutase (CCS) gene is necessary for expression of an active, copper-bound form of superoxide dismutase (SOD1) in vivo in spite of the high affinity of SOD1 for copper (dissociation constant = 6 fM) and the high intracellular concentrations of both SOD1 (10 μM in yeast) and copp... | 10.1038/nrd1330 | This paper illustrates the elaborate mechanisms that nature has evolved to tightly regulate metal ions. |
10.1042/bj3440461 | 28,880,477 | Previous studies have demonstrated that amyloid precursor protein (APP) can bind and reduce Cu(II) to Cu(I), leading to oxidative modification of APP. In the present study we show that adding copper to Chinese-hamster ovary (CHO) cells greatly reduced the levels of amyloid Aβ peptide (Aβ) both in parental CHO-K1 and in... | 10.1038/nrd1330 | 344 Pt 2 References 130–132 Illustrate how copper can mediate APP processing to reduce Aβ production. |
10.1091/mbc.11.12.4241 | 125,180,641 | We explored genomic expression patterns in the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae responding to diverse environmental transitions. DNA microarrays were used to measure changes in transcript levels over time for almost every yeast gene, as cells responded to temperature shocks, hydrogen peroxide, the superoxide-generating dr... | 10.1038/nrg2398 | This pioneering paper presents a thorough global analysis of gene expression programmes in multiple stress conditions, and defines a core stress response in S. cerevisiae |
10.1073/pnas.0404988101 | 19,631,127 | Organisms respond to heat stress by reprogramming gene expression. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae , heat-induced genes tend to be regulated by factors that belong to the Spt-Ada-Gcn5 acetyltransferase (SAGA) transcription regulatory pathway, whereas heat-repressed genes tend to be regulated by a parallel pathway involving... | 10.1038/nrg2398 | This paper shows that heat stress causes disassembly of the TFIID pathway at genes that are inhibited by stress, and assembly of the SAGA pathway genes that are induced by stress, and it studies the regulation of these two pathways in response to heat stress. |
10.1101/gad.1583407 | 67,315,971 | Transcriptional mechanisms that govern cellular differentiation typically include sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins and chromatin-modifying activities. These regulatory factors are assumed necessary and sufficient to drive both divergent programs of proliferation and terminal differentiation. By contrast, potentia... | 10.1038/nrg2398 | This paper reports that differentiation of myoblasts to myotubes involves the disruption of the canonical TFIID complex and its replacement by a novel TRF3–TAF3 complex. It proposes core promoter-complex switching as an effective process to selectively turn on one transcriptional programme while silencing others. |
10.1126/science.aag1906 | 62,483,397 | The activated spliceosome (B act ) is in a catalytically inactive state and is remodeled into a catalytically active machine by the RNA helicase Prp2, but the mechanism is unclear. Here, we describe a 3D electron cryomicroscopy structure of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae B act complex at 5.8-angstrom resolution. Our mode... | 10.1038/nrm.2017.63 | Cryo-EM structure of the B act complex, revealing details of spliceosome active site conformation before step I catalysis and suggesting that conformation rearrangement is needed for catalysis. |
10.1126/science.aak9979 | 62,483,162 | Poised for the second step of splicing In eukaryotes, noncoding sequences in transcribed precursor mRNA are cut out by a dynamic macromolecular machine, the spliceosome. This involves two sequential reactions. The first cuts one end of the noncoding intron and loops it back on itself to form an intron lariat, and the n... | 10.1038/nrm.2017.63 | Cryo-EM structure of C* complex, revealing details of spliceosome active site conformation before step II catalysis and suggesting that conformation rearrangement is needed for catalysis. |
10.1126/science.1229386 | 83,341,971 | Pressing Pause The pausing of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) near promoters is an important and distinct regulatory step in the process of transcribing DNA into RNA. Although protein factors and DNA elements involved in pausing have been identified, the post-initiation events that lead to pausing are poorly understood. Kwa... | 10.1038/nrm.2017.63 | Describes the PRO-seq assay, which enables the analysis of transcription elongation dynamics at high resolution. |
10.1073/pnas.1112400109 | 103,009,844 | Intron-containing genes are often transcribed more efficiently than nonintronic genes. The effect of introns on transcription of genes is an evolutionarily conserved feature, being exhibited by such diverse organisms as yeast, plants, flies, and mammals. The mechanism of intron-mediated transcriptional activation, howe... | 10.1038/nrm.2017.63 | Shows that introns help gene looping and hence transcription in yeast. |
10.1073/pnas.75.1.285 | 38,247,094 | A tridecamer oligodeoxynucleotide, d(A-A-T-G-G-T-A-A-A-A-T-G-G), which is complementary to reiterated 3'- and 5'-terminal nucleotides of Rous sarcoma virus 35S RNA, is an efficient inhibitor of the translation of proteins specified by the viral RNA in the wheat embryo cell-free system. The inhibition specificity for on... | 10.1038/nrg3978 | First demonstration of the possibility of inhibiting gene expression using oligonucleotides. |
10.1084/jem.185.6.1101 | 40,500,118 | A subset of CD4+CD11c−CD3− blood cells was recently shown to develop into dendritic cells when cultured with monocyte conditioned medium. Here, we demonstrate that CD4+ CD11c−CD3− cells, isolated from tonsils, correspond to the so-called plasmacytoid T cells, an obscure cell type that has long been observed by patholog... | 10.1038/nri1996 | The first demonstration that plasmacytoid cells could, on activation, become DCs. |
10.1084/jem.184.2.695 | 18,594,917 | Human dendritic cells (DC) can now be generated in vitro in large numbers by culturing CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors in presence of GM-CSF+TNF alpha for 12 d. The present study demonstrates that cord blood CD34+ HPC indeed differentiate along two independent DC pathways. At early time points (day 5-7) during the cult... | 10.1038/nri1996 | One of a series of papers showing development in culture from haematopoietic precursors of Langerhans cells and interstitial DCs. |
10.1084/jem.179.4.1109 | 20,410,862 | Using granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin 4 we have established dendritic cell (DC) lines from blood mononuclear cells that maintain the antigen capturing and processing capacity characteristic of immature dendritic cells in vivo. These cells have typical dendritic morphology, expr... | 10.1038/nri1996 | This study shows the generation of immature DCs from monocytes in culture with GM-CSF and their maturation with TNF, which might be a model of inflammatory DC development. |
10.1182/blood.v96.3.878.015k15_878_884 | 17,092,025 | Dendritic cells (DCs) represent a family of ontogenically distinct leukocytes involved in immune response regulation. The ability of DCs to stimulate T-cell immunity has led to their use as vectors for immunotherapy vaccines. However, it is unclear whether and to what degree in vitro–generated DCs are representative of... | 10.1038/nri1996 | The first demonstration of selective enhancement of DC numbers in vivo by FLT3L. |
10.1182/blood.v96.9.3029.h8003029_3029_3039 | 73,968,744 | Murine dendritic cells (DCs) can be classified into at least 2 subsets, “myeloid-related” (CD11bbright, CD8α−) and “lymphoid-related” (CD11bdull, CD8α+), but the absolute relationship between the 2 remains unclear. Methods of generating DCs from bone marrow (BM) precursors in vitro typically employ granulocyte-macropha... | 10.1038/nri1996 | This paper describes a culture system that generates pDCs and cDCs that correspond to the DCs found in the steady-state spleen. |
10.1073/pnas.90.7.3038 | 81,649,410 | The developmental origin of dendritic cells, a specialized system of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-rich antigen-presenting cells for T-cell immunity and tolerance, is not well characterized. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is known to stimulate dendritic cells, including grow... | 10.1038/nri1996 | The authors provide clonal evidence for an early common precursor of DCs, macrophages and granulocytes. |
10.1182/blood.v97.11.3333 | 83,114,053 | It has been proposed that there are at least 2 classes of dendritic cells (DCs), CD8α+ DCs derived from the lymphoid lineage and CD8α− DCs derived from the myeloid lineage. Here, the abilities of lymphoid- and myeloid-restricted progenitors to generate DCs are compared, and their overall contributions to the DC compart... | 10.1038/nri1996 | The authors show that both myeloid and lymphoid precursors have a capacity to form DCs, indicating developmental flexibility at the early precursor stage. |
10.1084/jem.20030107 | 60,152,299 | Flt3 ligand (Flt3L) is a growth factor for hemopoietic progenitors and can promote the expansion of both conventional dendritic cells (DCs) and plasmacytoid predendritic cells (p-preDCs). The cells responding to Flt3L treatment and the precursors for the DCs and p-preDCs had not been fully characterized. We examined di... | 10.1038/nri1996 | This article shows that cDCs and pDCs derive from the FLT3 + fraction of early precursor cells. |
10.1126/science.1117729 | 100,501,637 | Macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial for immune and inflammatory responses and belong to a network of cells that has been termed the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS). However, the origin and lineage of these cells remain poorly understood. Here, we describe the isolation and clonal analysis of a mouse bo... | 10.1038/nri1996 | The authors characterize a common precursor of DCs and macrophages, downstream of the developmental branches that lead to pDCs or to granulocytes. |
10.4049/jimmunol.173.3.1826 | 17,402,510 | Abstract The developmental pathways and differentiation relationship of dendritic cell (DC) subsets remain unclear. We report that murine CD11c+MHC II− bone marrow cells, which are immediate DC precursors of CD8α+, CD8α−, and B220+ DC in vivo, can be separated into B220+ and B220− DC precursor subpopulations. Purified ... | 10.1038/nri1996 | A description of the intermediate DC precursors in the bone marrow and evidence for the branching of the pathways that lead to cDCs and pDCs. |
10.1126/science.282.5388.480 | 41,383,313 | Essential to the dendritic cell system of antigen-presenting cells are the veiled dendritic cells that traverse afferent lymph to enter lymph nodes, where they initiate immune responses. The origin of veiled cells, which were discovered 20 years ago, is unclear. Monocytes cultured with endothelium differentiated into d... | 10.1038/nri1996 | This paper describes a culture system that involves transendothelial migration that models the formation of migratory DCs from monocytes. |
10.1063/1.2077858 | 108,226,437 | Electromechanical switching devices have been fabricated successfully employing vertically grown multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) from the prepatterned catalyst dots on the patterned device electrodes. The devices show various interesting switching characteristics depending on the length and the number of MWCNTs u... | 10.1038/nnano.2012.40 | The novel use of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes for NEM switches is reported here |
10.1126/science.289.5476.94 | 29,302,154 | A concept for molecular electronics exploiting carbon nanotubes as both molecular device elements and molecular wires for reading and writing information was developed. Each device element is based on a suspended, crossed nanotube geometry that leads to bistable, electrostatically switchable ON/OFF states. The device e... | 10.1038/nnano.2012.40 | This paper reports one of the first demonstrations of functional NEM switches constructed from individual nanostructures. This technology is now being pursued by Nantero. |
10.1002/smll.200500077 | 18,336,272 | Abstract Electromechanical devices are rapidly being miniaturized, following the trend in commercial transistor electronics. Miniature electromechanical devices—now with dimensions in the deep sub‐micrometer range—are envisioned for a variety of applications as well as for accessing interesting regimes in fundamental p... | 10.1038/nnano.2012.40 | This review focuses on the use of nanoscale electromechanical resonators for actuation and sensing |
10.1093/oso/9780190672676.003.0014 | 39,606,054 | This chapter centers on the role of the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) in promoting and protecting HIV-related human rights. It starts by recalling the rationale for creating UNAIDS and explains how its mandate and structure has enabled communities affected by HIV to remain engaged. This engagement... | 10.1038/nrdp.2015.35 | With a global modelling effort, UNAIDS produce detailed estimates of trends in the pandemic that are crucial for global advocacy. |
10.1086/672271 | 17,581,965 | This report updates US Public Health Service recommendations for the management of healthcare personnel (HCP) who experience occupational exposure to blood and/or other body fluids that might contain human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Although the principles of exposure management remain unchanged, recommended HIV pos... | 10.1038/nrdp.2015.35 | These are the most recent guidelines for post-exposure prophylaxis in the United States. |
10.1126/scitranslmed.3004006 | 123,755,208 | PrEP drug concentrations associated with ≥90% reduction in HIV acquisition in men who have sex with men are achieved with daily dosing. | 10.1038/nrdp.2015.35 | This paper explores the potential ‘forgiveness’ of less than daily dosing of TDF/FTC pre-exposure prophylaxis. |
10.1146/annurev-med-042010-085643 | 60,736,655 | HIV-1 and its simian counterpart SIV have been exquisitely tailored by evolution to evade host immunity. By virtue of specific adaptations that thwart individual innate or adaptive immune mechanisms, and an overall replication strategy that provides for rapid establishment of a large, systemic viral population, capable... | 10.1038/nrdp.2015.35 | This paper outlines the challenges and potential strategies for developing an effective HIV vaccine. |
10.1111/1462-2920.12128 | 80,845,238 | Summary Magnetotactic bacteria ( MTB ) represent a group of diverse motile prokaryotes that biomineralize magnetosomes, the organelles responsible for magnetotaxis. Magnetosomes consist of intracellular, membrane‐bounded, tens‐of‐nanometre‐sized crystals of the magnetic minerals magnetite ( Fe 3 O 4 ) or greigite ( Fe ... | 10.1038/nrmicro.2016.99 | An article that describes the discovery of a novel and conserved set of magnetosome ( mad ) genes in diverse bacteria. |
10.1111/1462-2920.12907 | 103,020,247 | Summary While magnetosome biosynthesis within the magnetotactic P roteobacteria is increasingly well understood, much less is known about the genetic control within deep‐branching phyla, which have a unique ultrastructure and biosynthesize up to several hundreds of bullet‐shaped magnetite magnetosomes arranged in multi... | 10.1038/nrmicro.2016.99 | References 3 and 114 use complementary approaches to analyse the genomes of uncultured giant magnetotactic bacteria, discovering novel genes that are probably involved in the biogenesis and cellular organization of bullet-shaped magnetosomes. |
10.1126/science.170679 | 109,447,717 | Bacteria with motility directed by the local geomagnetic field have been observed in marine sediments. These magnetotactic microorganisms possess flagella and contain novel structured particles, rich in iron, within intracytoplasmic membrane vesicles. Conceivably these particles impart to cells a magnetic moment. This ... | 10.1038/nrmicro.2016.99 | The first report of magnetosomes and the first contemporary report of magnetotactic bacteria. |
10.1128/aem.70.2.1040-1050.2004 | 59,388,084 | ABSTRACT We analyzed the biochemical composition of the magnetosome membrane (MM) in Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense . Isolated magnetosomes were associated with phospholipids and fatty acids which were similar to phospholipids and fatty acids from other subcellular compartments (i.e., outer and cytoplasmic membranes)... | 10.1038/nrmicro.2016.99 | Together with reference 17, this study describes the identification of magnetosome-associated proteins and the discovery of magnetosome- associated gene clusters. |
10.1128/jb.187.21.7176-7184.2005 | 20,065,846 | ABSTRACT Genes involved in magnetite biomineralization are clustered in the genome of the magnetotactic bacterium Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense . We analyzed a 482-kb genomic fragment, in which we identified an approximately 130-kb region representing a putative genomic “magnetosome island” (MAI). In addition to all... | 10.1038/nrmicro.2016.99 | This study describes the molecular structure and genetic instability of the MAI. |
10.1073/pnas.0914439107 | 17,591,144 | Although membrane-bounded compartments are commonly considered a unique eukaryotic characteristic, many species of bacteria have organelles. Compartmentalization is well studied in eukaryotes; however, the molecular factors and processes leading to organelle formation in bacteria are poorly understood. We use the magne... | 10.1038/nrmicro.2016.99 | A seminal genetic study that shows the step-wise formation of magnetosomes and assigns genes to each step of biogenesis. |
10.1128/jb.141.3.1399-1408.1980 | 122,399,399 | The ultrastructure of a magnetotactic bacterium (strain MS-1) was examined by transmission, scanning, and scanning-transmission electron microscopy. The organism resembled other spirilla in general cell morphology, although some differences were detected at the ultrastructural level. Electron-dense particles within mag... | 10.1038/nrmicro.2016.99 | Together with reference 32, this paper represents the first detailed study of the ultrastructure and composition of the magnetosome membrane. |
10.1073/pnas.0400391101 | 122,756,520 | Bacterial magnetosomes are intracellular compartments that house highly ordered magnetite crystals. By using Magnetospirillum sp. AMB-1 as a model system, we show that magnetosome vesicles exist in the absence of magnetite, biomineralization of magnetite proceeds simultaneously in multiple vesicles, and biomineralizati... | 10.1038/nrmicro.2016.99 | This study describes the first genetic analysis of a magnetosome protein. |
10.1128/jb.01716-14 | 41,450,632 | ABSTRACT Biosynthesis of bacterial magnetosomes, which are intracellular membrane-enclosed, nanosized magnetic crystals, is controlled by a set of >30 specific genes. In Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense , these are clustered mostly within a large conserved genomic magnetosome island (MAI) comprising the mms6 , mamGF... | 10.1038/nrmicro.2016.99 | A comprehensive genetic analysis of the MAI, which identified a minimal gene set required for magnetite biomineralization. |
10.1128/aem.02143-13 | 78,296,168 | ABSTRACT Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) align along the Earth's magnetic field by the activity of intracellular magnetosomes, which are membrane-enveloped magnetite or greigite particles that are assembled into well-ordered chains. Formation of magnetosome chains was found to be controlled by a set of specific proteins i... | 10.1038/nrmicro.2016.99 | Together with reference 88, references 79–81 provide the first genetic evidence that oxic and anoxic respiration are involved in redox control during magnetite biomineralization. |
10.1073/pnas.1417614112 | 122,538,449 | Magnetotactic bacteria have evolved complex subcellular machinery to construct linear chains of magnetite nanocrystals that allow the host cell to sense direction. Each mixed-valent iron nanoparticle is mineralized from soluble iron within a membrane-encapsulated vesicle termed the magnetosome, which serves as a specia... | 10.1038/nrmicro.2016.99 | References 90–91 describe the structure and function of the novel magnetochrome domain in Fe 2+ oxidation and magnetite biomineralization. |
10.1111/j.1365-2958.2011.07874.x | 26,837,897 | Summary Magnetotactic bacteria navigate along magnetic field lines using well‐ordered chains of membrane‐enclosed magnetic crystals, referred to as magnetosomes, which have emerged as model to investigate organelle biogenesis in prokaryotic systems. To become divided and segregated faithfully during cytokinesis, the ma... | 10.1038/nrmicro.2016.99 | This study demonstrates that magnetotactic bacteria use dedicated mechanisms for intracellular positioning, division and partitioning of magnetosomes. |
10.1128/jb.00119-07 | 17,591,251 | ABSTRACT Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are a heterogeneous group of aquatic prokaryotes with a unique intracellular organelle, the magnetosome, which orients the cell along magnetic field lines. Magnetotaxis is a complex phenotype, which depends on the coordinate synthesis of magnetosomes and the ability to swim and ori... | 10.1038/nrmicro.2016.99 | This study describes the in silico identification of gene sets that are shared by magnetotactic Alphaproteobacteria. |
10.1126/science.1212596 | 19,509,560 | The crystal structure of biomineralized magnetic nanocrystals depends on environmental and genetic factors. | 10.1038/nrmicro.2016.99 | This study describes the first isolation and cultivation of a magnetotactic bacterium that forms greigite magnetosomes, as well as the identification of gene clusters that putatively control greigite biomineralization. |
10.1073/pnas.1012694108 | 38,747,142 | Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are a phylogenetically diverse group which uses intracellular membrane-enclosed magnetite crystals called magnetosomes for navigation in their aquatic habitats. Although synthesis of these prokaryotic organelles is of broad interdisciplinary interest, its genetic analysis has been restricte... | 10.1038/nrmicro.2016.99 | First report to show that mam gene clusters are also conserved in the MAI of deep-branching uncultivated magnetotactic bacteria. |
10.1073/pnas.171076798 | 102,411,130 | Recent evidence places the FRAP/mTOR kinase downstream of the phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase/Akt-signaling pathway, which is up-regulated in multiple cancers because of loss of the PTEN tumor suppressor gene. We performed biological and biochemical studies to determine whether PTEN-deficient cancer cells are sensitive ... | 10.1038/nrd2062 | This paper describes the crucial role of PTEN and PTEN deletions as well as the effects of mTOR inhibitors using in vivo models. |
10.1073/pnas.0605197103 | 123,748,282 | Assembly of the bacterial flagellar filament requires a type III export pathway for ordered delivery of structural subunits from the cytosol to the cell surface. This is facilitated by transient interaction with chaperones that protect subunits and pilot them to dock at the membrane export ATPase complex. We reveal tha... | 10.1038/nrmicro1900 | Showed that FliJ has a novel chaperone-escort function in flagellum assembly by specifically recruiting unladen chaperones for the minor filament-type subunits (hook-associated proteins) and transferring them to their cognate subunits. Because FliJ does not escort the chaperone for flagellin, these data suggest a mecha... |
10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05226.x | 45,314,502 | Summary N ‐linked glycosylation is recognized as an important post‐translational modification across all three domains of life. However, the understanding of the genetic pathways for the assembly and attachment of N ‐linked glycans in eukaryotic and bacterial systems far outweighs the knowledge of comparable processes ... | 10.1038/nrmicro1900 | Identified genes that are involved in N -linked glycosylation in archaea. Also showed that underglycosylated flagellins are either not incorporated or incorporated only poorly into filaments, thereby demonstrating an essential role for glycosylation in the assembly of archaeal flagella. |
10.1073/pnas.121171698 | 82,949,695 | Type IV pili are thin filaments that extend from the poles of a diverse group of bacteria, enabling them to move at speeds of a few tenths of a micrometer per second. They are required for twitching motility, e.g., in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Neisseria gonorrhoeae , and for social gliding motility in Myxococcus xanth... | 10.1038/nrmicro1900 | Reported the direct observation of extension and retraction of fluorescently labelled T4P, which are associated with twitching motility. |
10.1126/science.1137223 | 20,046,592 | The bacterium Myxococcus xanthus has two motility systems: S motility, which is powered by type IV pilus retraction, and A motility, which is powered by unknown mechanism(s). We found that A motility involved transient adhesion complexes that remained at fixed positions relative to the substratum as cells moved forward... | 10.1038/nrmicro1900 | Showed that the M. xanthus adventurous gliding motility protein AglZ remained fixed relative to the substratum as cells glided. These data suggest a model of cell movement that involves intracellular motors that exert force on the cytoskeleton and on cell surface adhesion complexes. |
10.1073/pnas.0506114102 | 104,401,508 | Several species of mycoplasmas glide on solid surfaces, in the direction of their membrane protrusion at a cell pole, by an unknown mechanism. Our recent studies on the fastest species, Mycoplasma mobile , suggested that the gliding machinery, localized at the base of the membrane protrusion (the “neck”), is composed o... | 10.1038/nrmicro1900 | Presented evidence that the energy source for M. mobile gliding is ATP. Cells were permeabilized with Triton X-100 to form non-motile and non-viable ghosts that regained motility when ATP was added exogenously. |
10.1136/pgmj.61.716.551 | 40,547,797 | Summary We describe a patient with metastatic carcinoma of the prostate associated with paraplegia. The patient also had Paget's disease of bone elsewhere. Because the neurological lesion was thought to be due to Paget's disease, the patient was treated with inhibitors of bone resorption. Treatment rapidly induced clin... | 10.1038/nrc867 | One of the first studies to indicate that osteoblastic metastases are accompanied by increased bone resorption in patients with prostate cancer. |
10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1587 | 127,649,440 | Introduction Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide, in part due to its high prevalence and high rates of comorbidities, recurrence, chronicity and treatment-resistance. These indicate that MDD is treated suboptimally despite a multitude of effective interventions and well-regarded b... | 10.1038/nrg3240 | Despite a heritability and lifetime prevalence that is not dissimilar to T2DM and in contrast to similarly sized studies of BIP and SCZ, this study of MDD is largely negative. Higher heterogeneity is a prime candidate for the divergent results |
10.1073/pnas.0602400103 | 41,647,313 | The protein Cdc45 plays a critical but poorly understood role in the initiation and elongation stages of eukaryotic DNA replication. To study Cdc45's function in DNA replication, we purified Cdc45 protein from Drosophila embryo extracts by a combination of traditional and immunoaffinity chromatography steps and found t... | 10.1038/nrm2208 | A nice example of classical biochemical fractionation combined with AP–MS. CDC45 interactors were identified as components of the Mcm2–7 and GINS complexes. |
10.1002/pmic.200400856 | 41,031,589 | Abstract The purification of protein complexes can be accomplished by different types of affinity chromatography. In a typical immunoaffinity experiment, protein complexes are captured from a cell lysate by an immobilized antibody that recognizes an epitope on one of the known components of the complex. After extensive... | 10.1038/nrm2208 | Example of the use of crosslinking (with formaldehyde) coupled to AP–MS to identify protein interactors for an activated form of myc-tagged Ras. |
10.1038/sj.embor.7400702 | 20,039,299 | Recent developments in purification strategies, together with mass spectrometry (MS)‐based proteomics, have identified numerous in vivo protein complexes and suggest the existence of many others. Standard proteomics techniques are, however, unable to describe the overall stoichiometry, subunit interactions and organiza... | 10.1038/nrm2208 | A nice example of the use of intact-complex MS in the characterization of component stoichiometry, subunit interactions and overall assembly of protein complexes. TAP-purified material was used to elucidate the structure of the exosome. |
10.1111/j.1600-0897.1997.tb00311.x | 19,001,314 | PROBLEM: The tissues of the human female reproductive tract (Fallopian tube, uterus, cervix, and vagina) may play different roles in the provision of mucosal immunity. The purpose of this study was to develop a uniform method suitable for quantitative comparison of the leukocytes from all these tissues. METHOD OF STUDY... | 10.1038/nri3819 | This paper is the first and most complete side-by-side comparison of leukocyte subsets across the FRT during the proliferative and secretory phases of the menstrual cycle. |
10.1126/science.1233321 | 16,907,243 | A Role for IFN-ɛ Type I interferons (IFNs) are critical cytokines involved in host defense against pathogens, particularly viruses. IFN-ɛ is an IFN-like gene encoded within the type I IFN locus in mice and humans whose function has not been characterized. Fung et al. (p. 1088 ) created mice with a genetic deletion in I... | 10.1038/nri3819 | This paper shows the effect of the menstrual cycle on IFNε secretion by epithelial cells in the FRT and the role of IFNε in protection against herpes simplex virus 2 and Chlamydia muridarum |
10.1002/jlb.61.4.427 | 103,349,622 | Abstract Using confocal scanning laser microscopy of viable tissue sections, we have demonstrated organized lymphoid aggregates (LA), that have a unique structure, in the stratum basalis of uterine endometrium. These LA consist of a core of B cells surrounded by more numerous T cells and an outer halo of monocytes/macr... | 10.1038/nri3819 | This study shows the menstrual cycle-dependent formation of lymphoid aggregates in the endometrium; in the absence of infection, aggregates unique to the FRT reach maximal size during the secretory phase of the cycle. |
10.4049/jimmunol.158.6.3017 | 139,077,220 | Abstract The human female reproductive tract (RT) has been analyzed by others with respect to NK cell cytolytic activity, but not CD3+ T cell (CTL) cytolytic activity. Here, we describe the cytolytic capacity of mucosal CD3+ T cells both longitudinally within the RT (Fallopian tube, uterine endometrium, endocervix, ect... | 10.1038/nri3819 | This is the first demonstration of sex hormone-mediated control of CD8 + CTL activity in the FRT; CTL activity is absent during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle in the endometrium but not in the lower tract. |
10.1189/jlb.0204090 | 20,163,287 | Abstract Natural killer (NK) cells are a major population of lymphocytes in the human endometrium (EM), and NK cells can be a significant source of cytokines that alter local immune responses. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of NK cell receptors in situ and to test whether uterine NK (uNK) cells p... | 10.1038/nri3819 | This study shows that the tissue environment, containing locally produced TGFβ, regulates NK cell function in the human endometrium. |
10.1126/science.1220030 | 82,179,224 | Keeping Baby Safe Because half the genes from a developing fetus are inherited from the father, from the mother's perspective, a fetus is “foreign.” How, then, does the maternal immune system tolerate the fetus? Nancy et al. (p. 1317 ) found that careful regulation of cellular recruitment signals allowed for fetal tole... | 10.1038/nri3361 | This study demonstrates the existence of an epigenetic programme of chemokine gene silencing that prevents the accumulation of activated T cells in the mouse decidua. |
10.1083/jcb.127.4.1085 | 58,567,555 | Cells closely resembling epithelia constitute the first specific cell type in a mammalian embryo. Many other cell types emerge via epithelial-mesenchymal differentiation. The transcription factors and signal transduction pathways involved in this differentiation are being elucidated. I have previously reported (Frisch,... | 10.1038/nrm827 | This paper reports that E1A induces mesenchymal to epithelial transitions in tumour cells. |
10.1073/pnas.87.15.5883 | 28,111,912 | Previous work has suggested that oncogenic transformation by the E1A gene products of adenovirus type 5 may be mediated through interactions with at least two cellular proteins, the 105-kDa product of the retinoblastoma growth suppressor gene (p105-Rb) and a 300-kDa protein (p300). By using viral mutants, we now show t... | 10.1038/nrm827 | Evidence that p300 and retinoblastoma protein control the cell cycle. |
10.1073/pnas.92.23.10467 | 123,059,199 | The adenovirus type 2/5 E1A proteins transform primary baby rat kidney (BRK) cells in cooperation with the activated Ras (T24 ras) oncoprotein. The N-terminal half of E1A (exon 1) is essential for this transformation activity. While the C-terminal half of E1A (exon 2) is dispensable, a region located between residues 2... | 10.1038/nrm827 | The interaction of E1A with the co-repressor protein CtBP is first reported here. |
10.1126/science.1069300 | 132,885,028 | The corepressor CtBP (carboxyl-terminal binding protein) is involved in transcriptional pathways important for development, cell cycle regulation, and transformation. We demonstrate that CtBP binding to cellular and viral transcriptional repressors is regulated by the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides NAD + and NADH, ... | 10.1038/nrm827 | This paper reports that CtBP function is regulated by NADH/NAD levels in the nucleus. |
10.1091/mbc.12.3.699 | 37,609,350 | The C-terminal portion of adenovirus E1A suppresses ras-induced metastasis and tumorigenicity in mammalian cells; however, little is known about the mechanisms by which this occurs. In the simple eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Ras2p, the homolog of mammalian h-ras, regulates mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)... | 10.1038/nrm827 | This paper shows the interaction between yeast Yak1 or mammalian DYRK proteins with E1A. |
10.1101/gad.8.8.869 | 82,822,088 | The growth-controlling functions of the adenovirus E1A oncoprotein depend on its ability ot interact with a set of cellular proteins. Among these are the retinoblastoma protein, p107, p130, and p300. We have isolated a cDNA encoding full-length human p300 and mapped the chromosomal location of the gene to chromosome 22... | 10.1038/nrm827 | This study reported the identification of the transcriptional coactivator protein p300 as an E1A target protein. |
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