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legal_human_1 | Reinforcement of the statutory audit is essential in order to restore investors’ confidence in the financial markets. The modernised Eighth Directive on statutory audit of annual accounts and consolidated accounts and amending Council Directives 78/660/EEC and 83/349/EEC (hereinafter referred to as modernised Eighth Di... | legal | human | human | {
"rationale": "First, the passage displays domain-specific legal knowledge and precise references (Directive 78/660/EEC, Article 2(b)) and a consistent argumentative flow typical of human-authored academic writing. Second, it uses nuanced procedural detail (Commission consultation, expert group composition, open and... | {
"rationale": "First, the passage displays domain-specific legal knowledge and precise references (Directive 78/660/EEC, Article 2(b)) and a consistent argumentative flow typical of human-authored academic writing. Second, it uses nuanced procedural detail (Commission consultation, expert group composition, open and... |
legal_human_2 | Economic activity, employment and investment in the Community are unevenly distributed and are all too low. Whereas, in order to stimulate an economic upturn and support common policies, a new financial mechanism designed to make an additional contribution to investment promotion in the Community should be added to exi... | legal | human | human | {
"rationale": "First, the passage exhibits hallmarks of human legal drafting—repetitive 'Whereas' starters, detailed institutional references (Community mechanisms, Member States) and a specific numeric proposal (1 000 million EUA) consistent with a real decision text. Second, its formal, bureaucratic tone, occasion... | {
"rationale": "First, the passage exhibits hallmarks of human legal drafting—repetitive 'Whereas' starters, detailed institutional references (Community mechanisms, Member States), and a specific numeric proposal (1 000 million EUA) consistent with a real decision text. Second, its formal, bureaucratic tone, occasio... |
legal_human_3 | Measures should be taken to protect the Community against Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber, Diabrotica undecimpunctata undecimpuctata Mannerheim and Diabrotica virgifera Le Conte, harmful organisms which have not hitherto been known to occur in the Community. Whereas measur... | legal | human | human | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains detailed, domain-specific references (specific species, a cited Directive, exact phytosanitary periods) and a formal legal tone typical of human-authored legislative texts. Second, its long, repetitive 'Whereas' clauses and occasional minor stylistic inconsistencies suggest... | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains detailed, domain-specific references (specific species, a cited Directive, exact phytosanitary periods) and a formal legal tone typical of human-authored legislative texts. Second, its long, repetitive 'Whereas' clauses and occasional minor stylistic inconsistencies suggest... |
legal_human_4 | Community action to promote human rights and democratic principles as set out in the Communication of 8 May 2001 from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council on the European Union's Role in Promoting Human Rights and Democratisation in Third Countries shall continue beyond 2004. Council Regulation (EC... | legal | human | human | {
"rationale": "First, the passage displays detailed, domain-specific knowledge and precise references to real EC regulations and decisions, suggesting a human legal author rather than generic AI filler. Second, its long, winding procedural tone and occasional redundancy match human drafting habits when assembling le... | {
"rationale": "First, the passage displays detailed, domain-specific knowledge and precise references to real EC regulations and decisions, suggesting a human legal author rather than generic AI output. Second, its long, winding procedural tone and occasional redundancy match human drafting habits when assembling le... |
legal_human_5 | Additional quotas to those indicated in Annex V to Regulation (EEC) No 3030/93 may be opened when required under special circumstances. The Commission has received a request to open additional quotas in view of trade fairs to be held in 2001. Additional quotas have already been opened for trade fairs in previous years ... | legal | human | human | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains detailed, context-specific legal references (Annex V, Regulation (EEC) No 3030/93, Textile Committee) and precise procedural details that match human-authored policy texts. Second, its repetitive transitional phrasing ('It seems appropriate...') and occasional stylistic clu... | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains detailed, context-specific legal references (Annex V, Regulation (EEC) No 3030/93, Textile Committee) and precise procedural details that match human-authored policy texts. Second, its repetitive transitional phrasing ('It seems appropriate...') and occasional stylistic clu... |
legal_human_6 | An Agreement between the European Economic Community and the Kingdom of Sweden was concluded on 22 July 1972. Whereas, following the accession of Spain and Portugal, an Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters was concluded between the European Economic Community and the Kingdom of Sweden on the agricultural and... | legal | human | human | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains precise historical details (specific dates, a precise decision number, and a quoted 'Whereas' clause) and a level of formal legal specificity typical of human-edited source material. Second, there are small stylistic idiosyncrasies—repeated 'Whereas' markers, a long compoun... | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains precise historical details (specific dates, a specific decision number, and a quoted 'Whereas' clause) and a level of formal legal specificity typical of human-edited source material. Second, there are small stylistic idiosyncrasies—repeated 'Whereas' markers, a long compou... |
legal_human_7 | Pursuant to Article 9a of Directive 64/432/EEC, Article 8a of Directive 72/461/EEC and Article 7a of Directive 80/215/EEC, a derogation from the prohibition on the export of live swine, fresh pigmeat and certain meat products may be granted for one or more parts of the territory of a Member State where African swine fe... | legal | human | human | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains detailed, document-specific legal references (Directive numbers, Commission Decision 94/887/EC, Standing Veterinary Committee) and a formal, bureaucratic tone typical of human-drafted EU texts. Second, there are small stylistic inconsistencies and repetition ('Whereas...') ... | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains detailed, document-specific legal references (Directive numbers, Commission Decision 94/887/EC, Standing Veterinary Committee) and a formal, bureaucratic tone typical of human-drafted EU texts. Second, there are small stylistic inconsistencies and repetition ('Whereas...') ... |
legal_human_8 | Experience has clearly shown that the application of the additional levy scheme under formula B as specified in Article 5c of Council Regulation (EEC) No 804/68, as last amended by Regulation (EEC) No 231/87, has not proved a sufficient deterrent to producers responsible for large excess quantities. Whereas an allocati... | legal | human | human | {
"rationale": "First, the passage exhibits detailed, domain-specific knowledge (Council Regulation No 804/68, article references, seasonal intervention actions) and a formal legalistic tone typical of human policy drafting. Second, its long, winding procedural paragraphs and repeated 'Whereas' starters reflect itera... | {
"rationale": "First, the passage exhibits detailed, domain-specific knowledge (Council Regulation No 804/68, article references, seasonal intervention actions) and a formal legalistic tone typical of human policy drafting. Second, its long, winding procedural paragraphs and repeated 'Whereas' starters reflect itera... |
legal_human_9 | On 26 October 1994 Finland notified the Commission pursuant to Article 143 of the abovementioned Act, the Finnish programme for the implementation of its Article 138, 139 and 140 aids for a number of products and activities for the period 1995 to 1999 inclusive. Whereas parts of this programme, as modified by letter da... | legal | human | human | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains detailed, document-specific legal wording and precise dates/decision numbers (Article 143, 95/33/EC) typical of human-authored legislative texts rather than generic AI outputs. Second, it exhibits hallmarks of copied/translated human document text—repetitive 'Whereas' claus... | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains detailed, document-specific legal wording and precise dates/decision numbers (Article 143, 95/33/EC) typical of human-authored legislative texts. Second, its long, repetitive legalistic phrasing and use of 'Whereas' clauses match human drafting habits rather than common AI ... |
legal_human_10 | Extension or tacit renewal beyond the end of the transitional period was last authorized in the case of the agreements and protocols listed in the Annex by Decision 86/124/EEC. Whereas the Member States concerned have, with a view to avoiding any disruption of their commercial relations with the third countries concern... | legal | human | human | {
"rationale": "First, the passage exhibits detailed, document-specific legal wording (specific Decision numbers, Annex reference, and procedural context) typical of human-authored treaty or report text. Second, its formal, repetitive parliamentary-style 'Whereas' clauses and consistent use of formal connectors sugge... | {
"rationale": "First, the passage exhibits detailed, document-specific legal wording (specific Decision numbers, Annex reference, and procedural context) typical of human-authored legislative texts. Second, its repetitive 'Whereas' starters, formal linking phrases ('henceforth', 'in these circumstances') and cautiou... |
legal_human_11 | Common Position 2004/31/CFSP provides for an embargo on exports of arms, munitions and military equipment to Sudan, including a ban on the provision of technical and financial assistance related to military activities in Sudan. The ban on the provision of technical and financial assistance related to military activitie... | legal | human | human | {
"rationale": "First, the passage displays detailed, context-specific legal knowledge (exact Common Position numbers, exact EC regulation and dates) and a level of citation familiarity typical of human legal writing. Second, its prose shows nuanced transitions, occasional repetition, and minor stylistic inconsistenc... | {
"rationale": "First, the passage displays detailed, context-specific legal knowledge (exact Common Position numbers, exact EC regulation and dates) and a level of citation familiarity typical of human legal writing. Second, its prose shows nuanced transitions, occasional repetition, and minor stylistic inconsistenc... |
legal_human_12 | Articles 1 and 2 of Regulation (EC) No 1279/98 fix the quantities of certain beef and veal products originating in Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Romania and Bulgaria, which may be imported on special terms in respect of the period 1 January to 31 March 2003. The quantities of certain beef and veal prod... | legal | human | human | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains detailed, document-specific legal language and precise references (Regulation (EC) No 1279/98, Article 2, Council Decision of 19 December 2002) consistent with human-authored legislative or judicial text. Second, its structure shows purposeful repetition and contextual link... | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains detailed, context-specific legal references (Regulation (EC) No 1279/98, Article 2, Council Decision of 19 December 2002) and precise numeric periods that match human-authored excerpts from official documents. Second, its prose shows purposeful repetition and legislative-st... |
legal_human_13 | Directives 66/401/EEC, 66/402/EEC, 68/193/EEC, 92/33/EEC, 2002/54/EC, 2002/55/EC, 2002/56/EC and 2002/57/EC provide for the necessary arrangements to be made by the Commission for Community comparative trials and tests of seed and propagating material. Adequate representativity of the samples included in the trials and... | legal | human | human | {
"rationale": "First, the passage has a formal legal tone, specific directive references, and detailed procedural wording typical of human-authored EU documents rather than generic AI output. Second, it shows contextual continuity and purposeful progression (mentioning sample representativity, trial years, and Stand... | {
"rationale": "First, the passage has a formal legal tone, specific citation of directives and exact years, and detailed procedural wording typical of human-authored EU documents. Second, its structure shows purposeful organization and contextual continuity rather than the more generic repetition patterns common in ... |
legal_human_14 | Consultations have taken place between the European Community and Turkey on the preferential regime applicable to imports into the Community of tomato concentrate originating in Turkey. Whereas those consultations were held in the context of the general agricultural negotiations provided for in the EC-Turkey Associatio... | legal | human | human | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains precise, document-specific legal language and exact regulatory references (Regulation (EEC) No 4115/86, Council Regulation No 1981/94) typical of human-authored legislative texts. Second, its long, repetitive use of 'Whereas' starters and formal procedural tone match human ... | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains precise, document-specific legal language and exact regulatory references (Regulation (EEC) No 4115/86, Council Regulation No 1981/94) typical of human-authored legislative texts. Second, its long, repetitive use of 'Whereas' starters and formal procedural tone match human ... |
legal_human_15 | During the year 2000 bluetongue outbreaks were notified in different Italian regions: Sardinia, Sicily and Calabria. Italian authorities informed the Commission on the 19 December 2000 that they intended to perform in 2001 a vaccination campaign in Calabria and Basilicate regions and in the province of Salerno. The obj... | legal | human | human | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains domain-specific details (exact date, regional names, institutional references, legal provisions) and a sustained argumentative flow typical of human-authored official texts. Second, there are small stylistic inconsistencies and occasional non-native phrasings ('carried on t... | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains domain-specific details (exact date, regional names, institutional references, legal provisions) and a sustained argumentative flow typical of human-authored official texts. Second, there are small stylistic inconsistencies and occasional non-native phrasings ('carried on t... |
legal_human_16 | Recently cases of human trichinosis have appeared in the territory of the Community. Whereas epidemiological investigations have shown that these cases were related to imports of slaughter horses originating in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Whereas Community legislation lays down that horse meat must be submitted... | legal | human | human | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains detailed, context-specific legislative language, precise references (Directive 77/96/EEC and Standing Veterinary Committee) and a long nested sentence structure typical of human legal drafting. Second, there are small stylistic idiosyncrasies and repetition ('Whereas...') c... | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains detailed, context-specific legislative language, precise references (Directive 77/96/EEC and Standing Veterinary Committee) and a long nested sentence structure typical of human legal drafting. Second, there are small stylistic idiosyncrasies and repetition ('Whereas...') c... |
legal_human_17 | Certain iron and steel products indispensable to the manufacture of certain goods and having very special physical and chemical characteristics are not produced in the Community, or are produced in insufficient quantities. Whereas for a number of years insufficiency has been overcome by duty-free tariff quotas. Whereas... | legal | human | human | {
"rationale": "First, the passage displays a highly formal, document-like legal tone with precise references (recommendation No 1/64, Article 3 of recommendation, ECSC Treaty) and detailed procedural wording typical of human-authored EU texts. Second, its length, nested 'Whereas' paragraphs, and specific institution... | {
"rationale": "First, the passage displays a highly formal, document-like legal tone with precise references (recommendation No 1/64, Article 3 of recommendation, ECSC Treaty) and detailed procedural wording typical of human-authored EU texts. Second, its length, nested 'Whereas' paragraphs, and specific institution... |
legal_human_18 | Establishments in third countries cannot be authorized to export fresh meat to the Community unless they satisfy the general and special conditions laid down in Directive 72/462/EEC. Whereas Czechoslovakia has forwarded, in accordance with Article 4 of Directive 72/462/EEC, a list of the establishments authorized to ex... | legal | human | human | {
"rationale": "First, the passage exhibits a highly formal, document-like legal tone with precise references toDirective (72/462/EEC) and specific procedural clauses, suggesting it was copied from a real EU decision. Second, its repetitive 'Whereas' starters, balanced paragraph structure, and nuanced transitional ph... | {
"rationale": "First, the passage exhibits a highly formal, document-like legal tone with precise references toDirective and specific procedural clauses (Article 29), suggesting it originates from a real EU legislative text. Second, its length, use of recurrent 'Whereas' starters, and careful incremental development... |
legal_human_19 | Scientific observations in 1929, 1947, 1963 and 1986 showed that the occurrence of below average sea temperatures in the North Sea during the period January to April resulted in sole concentrating in certain well defined areas. Whereas those same observations showed that under those conditions exceptionally high catche... | legal | human | human | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains detailed, context-specific references (exact years, a specific Regulation number, a date limit, and a named article) consistent with copied legislative or journalistic text rather than generic AI output. Second, its repetitive 'Whereas...' lead-in phrasing and formal, legal... | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains detailed, context-specific references (exact years, a specific Regulation number, a date limit, and a named article) consistent with copied legislative or journalistic text rather than generic AI output. Second, its repetitive 'Whereas...' lead-in phrasing, domain-specific ... |
legal_human_20 | It is necessary to lay down animal health conditions for imports of fresh meat from Yugoslavia. Whereas, following a Community veterinary mission, it appears that the animal health situation in Yugoslavia compares favourably with that in most of the Community countries, particularly as regards diseases transmissible th... | legal | human | human | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains detailed, domain-specific references (Yugoslavia, rinderpest, Teschen disease, standing veterinary committee) and a formal procedural tone typical of EU legislative texts. Second, it shows structural repetition ('Whereas...') and extended transitional phrasing common in hum... | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains detailed, domain-specific references (Yugoslavia, rinderpest, Teschen disease, standing veterinary committee) and a formal procedural tone typical of EU legislative texts. Second, it shows structural repetition ('Whereas...') and extended transitional phrasing common in hum... |
legal_human_21 | Since March 2003, a number of measures have been taken to prevent the spread of avian influenza in the Netherlands by a series of decisions, the most recent being Commission Decision 2003/290/EC of 25 April 2003 concerning protective measures in relation to avian influenza in the Netherlands. In Decision 2003/290/EC, a... | legal | human | human | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains detailed, document-specific references (exact dates, numbered decisions, a precise advance amount) and a level of formal legal drafting typical of human-authored policy texts. Second, there are small stylistic inconsistencies and typographic idiosyncrasies (e.g., missing hy... | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains detailed, document-specific references (exact dates, numbered decisions, a precise advance amount) and a level of formal legal drafting typical of human-authored policy texts. Second, there are small stylistic inconsistencies and typographic idiosyncrasies (e.g., missing hy... |
legal_human_22 | However, the Common Customs Tariff and other import duties under the common agricultural policy shall not be applied to agricultural products until the specific supply arrangements provided for in Article 2 and 10 of the said Regulation enter into force. Whereas these arrangements are scheduled to come into force on 1 ... | legal | human | human | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains detailed, context-specific legal references (specific dates, CN code, Decision 91/314/EEC, Poseican) and a formal bureaucratic tone typical of human-authored EU texts. Second, it shows typographic irregularities, repetitive 'Whereas' markers, and sentence-level variation su... | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains detailed, context-specific legal references (specific dates, treaty articles, and exact decision number) and a formal, document-like tone typical of human-drafted legislative texts. Second, there are small stylistic inconsistencies and repetitions ('Whereas... Whereas...') ... |
legal_human_23 | One of the important organisms harmful to potatoes and tomatoes is Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi et al., the pathogenic agent of the potato brown rot disease and of bacterial wilt in potatoes and tomatoes (hereinafter referred to as the organism); The organism still occurs in some parts of the Community; Dire... | legal | human | human | {
"rationale": "First, the passage shows a highly domain-specific, language-variant legal style with precise references (Ralstonia solanacearum, Smith, Directive 98/57/EC) typical of human-authored EU texts. Second, it contains typographic and stylistic idiosyncrasies (spacing before periods, uneven sentence breaks, ... | {
"rationale": "First, the passage shows a highly domain-specific, language-variant legal style with precise references (Ralstonia solanacearum, Smith, Directive 98/57/EC) typical of human-authored EU texts. Second, it contains typographic and stylistic idiosyncrasies (spacing before periods, 'hereinafter referred to... |
legal_human_24 | Part 1 of Annex II to Council Decision 79/542/EEC of 21 December 1979 drawing up a list of third countries or parts of third countries, and laying down animal and public health and veterinary certification conditions for importation into the Community of certain live animals and their fresh meat sets out a list of thir... | legal | human | human | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains detailed, context-specific legal and factual references (exact decision number, date, place) and uses official-style drafting with sentence-initial 'Therefore' transitions typical of human-authored EU texts. Second, it shows small stylistic inconsistencies and localized phr... | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains detailed, context-specific legal and factual references (exact decision number, date, place) and uses official-style drafting with sentence-initial 'Therefore' transitions typical of human-authored EU texts. Second, it shows small stylistic inconsistencies and localized phr... |
legal_human_25 | Apples and pears are among the products listed in Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 2200/96 for which standards must be adopted. Commission Regulation (EEC) No 920/89 of 10 April 1989 laying down quality standards for carrots, citrus fruit and dessert apples and pears and amending Commission Regulation No 58, as last amend... | legal | human | human | {
"rationale": "First, the passage displays detailed, domain-specific knowledge (specific regulations, dates, institutional references and precise phrasing) typical of human legal/textbook writing rather than generic AI filler. Second, its coherent argumentative structure, purposeful transitions, and occasional styli... | {
"rationale": "First, the passage displays detailed, domain-specific knowledge (specific regulations, dates, institutional references and precise phrasing) typical of human legal/textbook writing rather than generic AI filler. Second, its coherent argumentative structure, purposeful transitions, and occasional styli... |
legal_human_26 | Some technical adaptations are needed to several Commission regulations concerning the olive oil sector by reason of the accession of the Czech Republic, Estonia, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Malta, Poland, Slovenia and Slovakia to the European Union. Article 4 of Commission Regulation (EC) No 2543/95 of 30 Octo... | legal | human | human | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains precise legal citations, specific dates, and regulation numbers presented in a way typical of human legal drafting rather than generic AI filler. Second, there are small stylistic inconsistencies and repetition (e.g., identical sentence openings 'That provision...') suggest... | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains precise legal citations, specific dates, and regulation numbers presented in a way typical of human legal drafting rather than generic AI filler. Second, there are small stylistic inconsistencies and repetition (e.g., identical sentence openings 'That provision...') suggest... |
legal_human_27 | This Decision constitutes a financing decision within the meaning of Article 75 of Regulation (EC, Euratom) No 1605/2002 and of Article 90 of Regulation (EC, Euratom) No 2342/2002. The Community Action Plan on the Protection and Welfare of Animals 2006-2010 identifies as one area of action the upgrading existing minimu... | legal | human | human | {
"rationale": "First, the passage shows detailed, context-specific legislative references and precise budget allocations that match human-authored policy drafting rather than generic AI filler. Second, its prose contains small stylistic inconsistencies and local phrasings ('in particular', transitions like 'One seco... | {
"rationale": "First, the passage shows detailed, context-specific legislative references and precise budget allocations that match human-authored policy drafting rather than generic AI filler. Second, its prose contains small stylistic inconsistencies and local phrasings ('in particular', transitions like 'One seco... |
legal_human_28 | When presenting the documents for the booking against the Community budget of expenditure incurred in May and November as provided for in Article 3 of Commission Regulation (EC) No 296/96 of 16 February 1996 on data to be forwarded by the Member States and the monthly booking of expenditure financed under the Guarantee... | legal | human | human | {
"rationale": "First, the passage displays precise legal knowledge, specific regulatory references, and a coherent procedural narrative consistent with human-authored EU documentation. Second, its style—use of exact regulation numbers, parenthetical dates, and nuanced conditional phrasing—suggests copying or draftin... | {
"rationale": "First, the passage displays precise legal knowledge, specific regulatory references, and a coherent procedural narrative consistent with human-authored EU documentation. Second, its style—use of exact regulation numbers, parenthetical dates, and nuanced conditional phrasing—suggests copying or draftin... |
legal_human_29 | Sweden considers that its territory is free from Aujeszky's disease and has submitted supporting documentation to the Commission as provided for in Article 10 of Directive 64/432/EEC. Whereas an eradication programme was undertaken in these regions for Aujeszky's disease. Whereas Commission Decision 93/244/EEC as last ... | legal | human | human | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains detailed, document-specific legal language and exact references (Article 10, Decision 93/244/EEC) consistent with copied official EU text rather than generic AI output. Second, it shows signs of human editing—repetition, a missing period, and iterative 'Whereas' clauses sug... | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains detailed, document-specific legal language and exact references (Article 10, Decision 93/244/EEC) consistent with copied official EU text rather than generic AI output. Second, it shows signs of human editing—repetition, a missing period, and iterative 'Whereas' clauses sug... |
legal_human_30 | Chapter I, Section 2, of Title 2 of Commission Regulation (EC) No 2535/2001 of 14 December 2001 laying down detailed rules for applying Council Regulation (EC) No 1255/1999 as regards the import arrangements for milk and milk products and opening tariff quotas lays down specific provisions on the approval of applicants... | legal | human | human | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains highly specific legal detail (exact regulation number, dates, transitional provisions and Member States) and a formal, document-like structure typical of human-authored legislative texts. Second, its prose shows purposeful repetition, varied sentence lengths, and contextual... | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains highly specific legal detail (exact regulation number, dates, transitional provisions and Member States) and a formal, document-like structure typical of human-authored legislative texts. Second, its prose shows purposeful repetition, varied sentence lengths, and contextual... |
legal_human_31 | Based on a programme to employ suppressive vaccination submitted by the competent authorities of the Netherlands, the Commission adopted Decision 2001/246/EC laying down the conditions for the approval and eradication of foot-and-mouth disease in the Netherlands in application of Article 13 of Directive 85/511/EEC. Bas... | legal | human | human | {
"rationale": "First, the passage displays detailed, domain-specific knowledge (specific Decision numbers,Directive 85/511/EEC, Standing Veterinary Committee) and a formal legal tone typical of human-authored EU texts. Second, its structure, occasional stylistic idiosyncrasies, and lack of generic AI patterns (repet... | {
"rationale": "First, the passage displays detailed, domain-specific knowledge (specific Decision numbers,Directive 85/511/EEC, Standing Veterinary Committee) and a formal legal tone typical of human-authored EU texts. Second, its structure, occasional stylistic idiosyncrasies, and lack of generic AI patterns (repet... |
legal_human_32 | Examination of the balance sheet shows that exportable amounts of rice are currently held by producers. This situation could affect the normal development of producer prices during the 2002/2003 marketing year. In order to remedy this situation, it is appropriate to make use of export refunds to zones which may be supp... | legal | human | human | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains highly specific, document-driven regulatory language (exact Regulations cited, dates, and procedural details) typical of human legal/textile drafting rather than generic AI output. Second, its structure follows a formal EU-institution style with numbered articles, annex ref... | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains highly specific, document-driven procedural language (exact Regulations numbers, dates, and 'Annex to Commission Regulation...') typical of human legal/textile drafting rather than generic AI filler. Second, its consistent official tone, paragraph references, and contextual... |
legal_human_33 | Because of the outbreak of classical swine fever in certain production regions in Germany, veterinary measures for that country were adopted by Commission Decision 93/566/EC, of 4 November 1993, concerning protection measures relating to classical swine fever in Germany and replacing Decision 93/539/EEC. Whereas except... | legal | human | human | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains detailed, document-specific legal prose with precise dates, regulatory numbers and place names that match human-authored EU treaty texts. Second, its repetitive 'Whereas' opening clauses and slight stylistic idiosyncrasies reflect human drafting habits rather than typical A... | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains detailed, document-specific legal prose with precise dates, regulatory numbers and place names (Commission Decision 93/566/EC, Regulation (EC) No 3088/93) consistent with human-authored EU treaty text. Second, its repetitive 'Whereas' opening clauses and slight stylistic id... |
legal_human_34 | Concessions for the poultrymeat sector, as regards certain products, were granted within the framework of Commission Regulation (EEC) No 2699/93 of 30 September 1993 laying down detailed rules for the application in the poultrymeat and egg sectors of the arrangements provided for in the Interim Agreements between the E... | legal | human | human | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains precise, document-specific legal language and exact regulation numbers with amendment references that match known real-world EU texts, suggesting it was copied from a human-authored source rather than generated de novo. Second, its long, procedural prose with repetitive 'Wh... | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains precise, document-specific legal language and exact regulation numbers with amendment references that match known real-world EU texts, suggesting it was copied from a human-authored legislative file. Second, its long, procedural tone and repetitive 'Whereas' starters reflec... |
legal_human_35 | Russia supplied 22 % of platinum and 21 % of rhodium. Russia was the largest supplier of palladium with 63 % of world supplies, whereas South Africa supplied 28 %. However, these market shares can fluctuate somewhat from year to year, should producers sell from their stocks, and it is, for example, certain that the Rus... | legal | human | human | {
"rationale": "First, the passage exhibits domain-specific detail (specific percentages, named table reference, and a cited individual) and a formal academic tone typical of human-authored encyclopedia text. Second, it contains small formatting artifacts (e.g., 'TABLE TABLE') and occasional clunky phrasings ('it is,... | {
"rationale": "First, the passage exhibits domain-specific detail (specific percentages, named table reference, and a cited individual) and a formal academic tone typical of human-written encyclopedia text. Second, it contains small formatting artifacts (e.g., 'TABLE TABLE') and occasional clunky phrasings ('it is, ... |
legal_human_36 | Provisions for setting fishing effort limitations for the cod stocks in the Baltic Sea and on the recording of related fishing effort data are set out in Regulation (EC) No 1098/2007. On the basis of Regulation (EC) No 1098/2007, Annex II to Council Regulation (EC) No 1322/2008 has established fishing effort limitation... | legal | human | human | {
"rationale": "First, the passage shows detailed, context-specific legal knowledge (specific regulation numbers, article references, and dates) and uses regulatory-style phrasing typical of human-authored texts. Second, there are small stylistic inconsistencies and repetition ('In order...') suggesting human draftin... | {
"rationale": "First, the passage shows detailed, context-specific legal knowledge (specific regulation numbers, article references, and exact dates) and uses domain-specific phrasing typical of human-authored legislative texts. Second, its prose contains minor stylistic inconsistencies, repetition, and a trailing u... |
legal_human_37 | Inclusion under those subheadings is subject to production of the certificate referred to in Article 5 of the aforementioned Additional Protocol. Whereas the certificate must show that the goods of which it relates correspond exactly to the wording of those CN codes and that they originated in and come from Yugoslavia.... | legal | human | human | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains detailed, context-specific legal references (Regulations No 802/68 and No 3905/87, Article 20, Additional Protocol) and a long drafting style typical of human-authored EU legislation. Second, it shows hallmarks of human editing — repetitive 'Whereas' starters, cautious proc... | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains detailed, context-specific legal references (Regulations No 802/68 and No 3905/87, Article 20, Additional Protocol) and a long drafting style typical of legislative texts rather than generic AI output. Second, there are small stylistic inconsistencies and repetition ('Where... |
legal_human_38 | By letter dated 14 April 1981, the United Kingdom has requested the Commission to invoke the procedure provided for in Article 7 of Regulation (EEC) No 2784/79 in order to determine whether or not the apparatus described as "Digilab FTS-IR spectrometer, model FTS-20", to be used for a study of absorption of gases on su... | legal | human | human | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains precise historical details, exact dates, a specific regulatory reference (Article 7 of Regulation (EEC) No 2784/79), and named institutions that align with real-world documentation, suggesting human sourcing. Second, its formal legalistic tone, paragraphed structure, and us... | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains precise historical details, exact dates, a specific regulatory reference (Article 7 of Regulation (EEC) No 2784/79), and named institutions that align with real-world documentation, suggesting human sourcing. Second, its formal legalistic tone, paragraphed structure, and us... |
legal_human_39 | Provision has been made, at the same time as structural measures have been adopted by the Sicilian region, for a supplementary aid for the buying-in of wine obtained from table grapes of the 'Italia' type, to be delivered for compulsory distillation under Article 40 of Council Regulation (EEC) No 337/79 of 5 February 1... | legal | human | human | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains precise legal references, dates, and a specific regulatory number in a way typical of human-authored legislative texts rather than generic AI outputs. Second, its formal bureaucratic tone, use of successive 'Whereas' clauses, and long compound sentence structures match huma... | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains precise legal references, dates, and a specific regulatory number in a way typical of human-drafted legislative texts rather than generic AI output. Second, its repetitive 'Whereas...' lead-ins and formal bureaucratic tone match human official documents (often drafted by la... |
legal_human_40 | Paragraph 6 (a) of Annex II, Chapter II of Directive 90/667/EEC requires that high-risk material must be heated to a core temperature of at least 113° C for 20 minutes at a pressure of 3 bar after the particle size of the raw material has been reduced to at least 50 mm. Whereas, however, paragraph 6 (c) of Annex II, Ch... | legal | human | human | {
"rationale": "First, the passage shows detailed, domain-specific legal drafting with precise directive references, dates, and case-style 'Whereas' paragraphs typical of human-authored EU texts. Second, it contains typographic and formatting artifacts (e.g., missing hyphens, 'processingt', 'notto') consistent with c... | {
"rationale": "First, the passage shows detailed, domain-specific legal drafting with precise directive references, dates, and case-style 'Whereas' paragraphs typical of human-authored EU texts. Second, it contains typographic and formatting inconsistencies (e.g., missing hyphens, 'processingt', 'notto') suggesting ... |
legal_human_41 | I The Government of the Portuguese Republic has informed the Commission pursuant to Article 2 of the Decision, of the financial measures which it intends to take for the direct or indirect benefit of the coal industry in 1986. Whereas of these measures the following may be approved pursuant to that Decision: Aid to cov... | legal | human | human | {
"rationale": "First, the passage exhibits detailed legal drafting, specific numeric details (Esc 667, 2 million; ECU 4, 5 million) and field-specific references (Article 2, first subparagraph of Article 12) typical of human-authored official texts. Second, there are small typographic/encoding oddities (spacing befo... | {
"rationale": "First, the passage exhibits detailed legal drafting, specific numeric details (Esc 667, 2 million; ECU 4, 5 million) and field-specific references (Article 2, first subparagraph of Article 12) typical of human-authored official texts. Second, there are small typographic/encoding oddities (spacing befo... |
legal_human_42 | Table wine must have a total acidity content, expressed as tartaric acid, of not less than 4, 5 grams per litre in accordance with point 13 of Annex I to Council Regulation (EEC) No 822/87 of 16 March 1987 on the common organization of the market in wine, as last amended by Regulation (EEC) No 1566/93. Whereas Article ... | legal | human | human | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains detailed, document-specific legal prose with precise dates, regulation numbers, and regional references that match human-authored legislative texts. Second, it shows typographic quirks (e.g., '4, 5 grams' with spaces) and a truncated ending suggesting copy/paste from a huma... | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains detailed, document-specific legal prose with precise dates, regulation numbers, and regional references that match human-authored legislative texts. Second, it shows typographic quirks (e.g., '4, 5 grams' with spaces) and a truncated ending suggesting copy/paste from a huma... |
legal_human_43 | All pharmacologically active substances used in the Community in veterinary medicinal products intended for food-producing animals should be evaluated in accordance with Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90. The substance fluazuron is included in Annex III to Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90 for bovine for muscle, fat, liver and kid... | legal | human | human | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains detailed, domain-specific legal text with precise references (Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90, Directive 2001/82/EC) and concrete case examples (fluazuron, sodium nitrite, peforelin), suggesting a human-authored policy document. Second, there are small stylistic repetitions and... | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains detailed, domain-specific legal references (Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90, Directive 2001/82/EC) and precise procedural language typical of official human-authored documents. Second, there are small stylistic repetitions and a minor factual inconsistency that are more indicat... |
legal_human_44 | International cooperation is essential to ensure the conservation and the rational, responsible and sustainable utilization of the biological resources of the high seas. Whereas the Community has signed the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, which obliges all members of the international community to coop... | legal | human | human | {
"rationale": "First, the passage displays detailed institutional knowledge (Community, FAO, twenty-seventh session in November 1993) and a long drafting/legislative pedigree consistent with human-authored EU texts. Second, its repetitive 'Whereas' opening clauses, formal register, and occasional stylistic clunk sug... | {
"rationale": "First, the passage displays detailed institutional knowledge (Community, FAO, twenty-seventh session in November 1993, Agreement to promote compliance) and a formal legalistic tone typical of human-authored EU texts. Second, it contains long, coherent paragraphs with repetitive 'Whereas' starters and ... |
legal_human_45 | After the 1992 reform of the common agricultural policy, there has been a particular improvement in market balances. Whereas set-aside under the support system for producers of certain arable crops introduced in 1992 in addition to a lowering of the intervention price, has helped to keep production under control, while... | legal | human | human | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains detailed, context-specific EU legislation (Regulations No 1251/1999 and No 1868/94) and precise numerical references, which is typical of human-authored legislative texts rather than generic AI output. Second, its formal, repetitive parliamentary-style wording ('Whereas...'... | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains detailed, context-specific EU legislation (specific regulations and dates) and a formal legal tone typical of human-authored legislative texts. Second, it shows stylistic markers of European law drafting—repeated 'Whereas' starters, nuanced transitional phrasing, and cross-... |
legal_human_46 | Forests play an essential part in maintaining fundamental balances, particularly as regards soil, water, climate, fauna and flora. Whereas they therefore contribute to safeguarding and promoting the development of agriculture, a sector in which production conditions and, in some cases, the very existence of activity de... | legal | human | human | {
"rationale": "First, the passage displays highly regular, repetitive 'Whereas' sentence patterns and exhaustive procedural clauses typical of machine-generated legal summaries. Second, there are mechanical redundancies (repeated 'the ... ,') and lack of stylistic variation or deeper contextual linking that humans u... | {
"rationale": "First, the passage displays highly regular, repetitive 'Whereas' sentence patterns and exhaustive procedural clauses typical of machine-generated legal summaries. Second, there is mechanical repetition (multiple identical 'the ... Whereas...') and a lack of deeper contextual linking or original insigh... |
legal_human_47 | Conclusion of the Partnership and Cooperation Agreement between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Russian Federation, of the other, signed on 24 June 1994 in Corfu, will contribute to the achievement of the objectives of the European Communities. Whereas the purpose of that Agre... | legal | human | human | {
"rationale": "First, the passage displays detailed, document-specific legal language, precise dates, directive numbers and treaty references that match human-authored legislative texts rather than generic AI output. Second, its structure follows a formal EU conclusion with recurrent 'Whereas' starters and specific ... | {
"rationale": "First, the passage exhibits detailed, document-specific legal language, precise dates, directive numbers and treaty references that match human-authored legislative texts rather than generic AI output. Second, its structure follows a formal EU conclusion with recurrent 'Whereas' starters and specific ... |
legal_human_48 | Aircraft falling within the scope of Article 2c of Commission Regulation (EC) No 1702/2003 and meeting the specific airworthiness specifications laid down therein are to be issued by Member States restricted certificates of airworthiness allowing them to continue until 28 March 2008 the operations that they were entitl... | legal | human | human | {
"rationale": "First, the passage displays detailed, context-specific legal knowledge and precise dates, regulatory references, and enumerated specifics (Article numbers, exact notification date, typologies) typical of human-authored summaries of legislative texts. Second, its prose shows natural variation in senten... | {
"rationale": "First, the passage displays detailed, context-specific legal knowledge and precise dates, regulatory references, and enumerated specifics (Article numbers, exact notification date, typologies) typical of human-authored summaries of legislative texts. Second, its prose shows natural variation in senten... |
legal_human_49 | Peaches and nectarines are among the products listed in Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 2200/96 for which standards must be adopted; many amendments must be made to Commission Regulation (EEC) No 3596/90 of 12 December 1990 laying down quality standards for peaches and nectarines, as last amended by Regulation (EC) No 88... | legal | human | human | {
"rationale": "First, the passage displays detailed, domain-specific knowledge (specific regulations, dates, and institutional references) and uses legislative-style formalism typical of human legal drafting. Second, its prose shows varied sentence lengths, purposeful repetition, and a reasoned argumentative flow wi... | {
"rationale": "First, the passage displays detailed, domain-specific knowledge (specific regulations, dates, and institutional references) and uses legislative-style formalism typical of human-authored EU texts. Second, its prose shows varied sentence lengths, purposeful repetition, and a coherent policy rationale r... |
legal_human_50 | Avian influenza is an infectious viral disease in poultry and birds, causing mortality and disturbances which can quickly take epizootic proportions liable to present a serious threat to animal and public health and to reduce sharply the profitability of poultry farming. Certain requirements in relation to biosecurity ... | legal | human | human | {
"rationale": "First, the passage shows detailed, domain-specific knowledge (specific directives, decision number, date and terminology like 'epizootic proportions') and a formal legal tone typical of human-authored EU texts. Second, its repetitive transitional phrasing ('Given that...', 'It is therefore appropriate... | {
"rationale": "First, the passage shows detailed, context-specific legal knowledge (exact decision numbers, date, and a named Standing Committee) and a sustained policy rationale typical of human-authored EU texts. Second, its repetitive transitional phrasing ('given that', 'it is appropriate') and occasional stylis... |
legal_human_51 | In accordance with Article 72 of the Act of Accession, accession compensatory amounts are to be equal to the difference between the prices fixed for Spain and the intervention prices applying in the Community as constituted at 31 December 1985, those latter prices constituting the guarantee to the producer. Whereas, ho... | legal | human | human | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains detailed, context-specific EU legal wording, precise dates, regulatory references (Article 72, Council Regulation No 2727/75) and a formal bureaucratic tone typical of human-authored legislative texts. Second, its long, coherent paragraph structure with repeated 'Whereas' s... | {
"rationale": "First, the passage displays detailed, context-specific legal wording and precise reference to real EU texts (Article 72, Regulation No 2727/75), suggesting it derives from human-authored official documents rather than generic AI output. Second, its formal procedural tone, use of 'Whereas' subclauses, ... |
legal_human_52 | Outbreaks of bluetongue occurred in France in 2004 and 2005. The emergence of that disease presented a serious risk to the Community's livestock population. In order to prevent the spread of the disease and to help eradicate it as quickly as possible, the Community should contribute financially towards the eligible exp... | legal | human | human | {
"rationale": "First, the passage exhibits detailed, document-specific legal prose (exact dates, numbers, a named decision and a Standing Committee opinion) typical of human-drafted official texts. Second, its occasional repetition and lack of broader smoothing suggest human editing rather than AI's often more unifo... | {
"rationale": "First, the passage exhibits detailed, document-specific legal prose (exact dates, numbers, a named decision and a Standing Committee opinion) typical of human-authored official texts. Second, its occasional repetition and lack of broader generalization suggest copying from a primary source rather than... |
legal_human_53 | Ratites are "poultry" according to Article 2 of Directive 91/494/EEC as well as "farmed game" according to Article 2 of Council Directive 91/495/EEC of 27 November 1990 concerning public health and animal health problems affecting the production and placing on the market of rabbit meat and farmed game meat. Ratite meat... | legal | human | human | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains detailed, document-specific legal references and precise numerical citations (Directive numbers, Decision dates, SPS reference) typical of human-authored legislative texts rather than generic AI output. Second, its repetitive, bureaucratic procedural tone and occasional awk... | {
"rationale": "First, the passage contains detailed, domain-specific legal references (Directive numbers, decisions, dates, and exact wording) and a long, procedural tone typical of official EU texts rather than generic AI output. Second, there are small stylistic inconsistencies and repetition common in human draft... |
legal_human_54 | Enquiries carried out in accordance with the procedures established in Annex IV of Council Regulation (EEC) No 3030/93 have led the Commission to conclude that certain textile products falling under categories 4, 6, 7, 8 and 78 have been imported into the European Community in circumvention of the provisions of Regulat... | legal | human | human | {
"rationale": "First, the passage exhibits detailed, document-specific procedural law (Annex IV reference, exact dates, named officials and articles) and a formal legal tone typical of human-authored EU texts. Second, its long, coherent paragraph-level structure, use of successive 'Whereas' subclauses, and absence o... | {
"rationale": "First, the passage exhibits detailed, document-specific procedural law (Annex IV reference, exact dates, named officials and articles) and a formal legal tone typical of human-authored EU texts. Second, its long, coherent paragraph-level structure, repetitive 'Whereas' starters, and occasional stylist... |
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