LIME-DATA/scienceqa · Datasets at Hugging Face

level stringclasses 3 values	question stringlengths 17 259	question_id int64 4 2.01k	answer int64 0 4	description stringlengths 129 1.24k	choices listlengths 2 5	hint stringlengths 0 941	task stringclasses 3 values
middle	Which ocean is highlighted?	1,815	1	The image is a stylized map of the world, with the continents depicted in shades of green and the oceans in blue. The map is oriented with North at the top, and the continents are simplified with smooth edges rather than detailed borders. The map does not include any labels or names of countries, cities, or geographical features. The overall style of the map is modern and minimalist.	[ "the Indian Ocean", "the Arctic Ocean", "the Pacific Ocean", "the Atlantic Ocean" ]		closed choice
middle	What is the name of the colony shown?	1,818	2	The image is a map of the United States, with the states highlighted in green. The states that are highlighted are Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, and New Jersey. The map also shows the Atlantic Ocean to the east of the highlighted states. The map has a simple design with no labels or additional information provided.	[ "New York", "Rhode Island", "Delaware", "Connecticut" ]		closed choice
difficult	Is the following statement about our solar system true or false? Saturn's volume is more than 50% of Jupiter's volume.	1,821	1	The image is a table with two columns. The first column lists various numbers ranging from 60 to 1,431,280. The second column lists the corresponding primary component associated with each number. The primary components listed are rock, gas, and ice. Each row in the table corresponds to a specific number and its associated primary component.	[ "false", "true" ]	Use the data to answer the question below.	true-or false
middle	Which property do these three objects have in common?	1,825	1	The image shows a jar of dill pickles. The jar is green in color and has a white label with the words "Dill Pickles" written on it. Inside the jar, there are several green pickles submerged in a clear brine solution. The background of the image is white, which makes the green color of the pickles and the jar stand out.	[ "salty", "sour", "fuzzy" ]	Select the best answer.	closed choice
middle	Which ocean is highlighted?	1,834	0	The image is a stylized map of the world, with landmasses depicted in green and bodies of water in blue. The continents are simplified and lack detailed borders or labels, giving it an abstract appearance. The map does not provide any topographical features, cities, or other geographical details. It's a basic representation that could be used for educational purposes to teach about the world's geography in a broad sense.	[ "the Arctic Ocean", "the Indian Ocean", "the Pacific Ocean", "the Southern Ocean" ]		closed choice
middle	Compare the average kinetic energies of the particles in each sample. Which sample has the higher temperature?	1,845	2	The image shows two jars labeled as Sample A and Sample B. Both jars contain particles, with Sample A having blue particles and Sample B having green particles. The image also provides information about the mass of each particle in Sample A, which is 32 u, and the average particle speed in Sample B, which is 1,200 m/s. The jars are depicted with a white background and have a gray lid on top.	[ "neither; the samples have the same temperature", "sample A", "sample B" ]	The diagrams below show two pure samples of gas in identical closed, rigid containers. Each colored ball represents one gas particle. Both samples have the same number of particles.	closed choice
middle	Which country is highlighted?	1,851	3	The image is a map of the South Pacific region, with the focus on Australia and New Zealand. The map shows the two countries in green, with their surrounding islands in white. In the center of the map, there is a disputed island marked with a green rectangle. The map also includes parts of the coastlines of Australia and New Zealand, as well as some of the smaller islands in the region. The overall color scheme of the map is blue for the ocean, green for the land, and white for the smaller islands.	[ "Solomon Islands", "the Federated States of Micronesia", "Kiribati", "the Marshall Islands" ]		closed choice
middle	How much time passed between the Constitutional Convention and the start of the Civil War?	1,871	0	The image is a timeline of historical events from 1787 to 1830. It shows four significant events: the Constitutional Convention in 1787, the Missouri Compromise in 1820, the Mexican War in 1846, and the Mexican War in 1848. The timeline is divided into three sections with arrows pointing to each event. The first section is labeled "1787" and has an arrow pointing to the Constitutional Convention. The second section is labeled "1820" and has an arrow pointing to the Missouri Compromise. The third section is labeled "1846" and has an arrow pointing to the Mexican War. The timeline is designed to show the progression of these events over time.	[ "74 years", "225 years", "25 years", "157 years" ]	Look at the timeline. Then answer the question below.	closed choice
difficult	Which country is highlighted?	1,880	1	The image is a map of Australia and its surrounding islands. The map shows the mainland of Australia in green, with the states and territories outlined in white. To the north of Australia, there are several smaller islands, including the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, and New Caledonia, also shown in green. To the east of Australia, there is New Zealand, depicted in green as well. The background of the map is a light blue color, representing the ocean. The map does not show any labels or names of the countries and islands.	[ "New Zealand", "Papua New Guinea", "Solomon Islands", "Samoa" ]		closed choice
middle	Which solution has a higher concentration of pink particles?	1,883	2	The image shows two flasks containing a solution. The flask on the left is labeled "Solution A" and has a volume of 20 mL. The flask on the right is labeled "Solvent volume: 20 mL" and also contains a solution with purple particles. Both flasks have a transparent appearance, allowing the viewer to see the contents inside.	[ "Solution A", "Solution B", "neither; their concentrations are the same" ]	The diagram below is a model of two solutions. Each pink ball represents one particle of solute.	closed choice
middle	Which ocean is highlighted?	1,884	2	The image is a stylized map of the world, with the continents depicted in a solid green color and the oceans in a solid blue color. The map does not show any country borders or labels, and the continents are simplified with smooth edges rather than realistic shapes. The map has a flat design aesthetic, with no shading or depth to give the impression of a three-dimensional globe. The overall appearance is simple and abstract, focusing on the basic elements of land and water.	[ "the Pacific Ocean", "the Southern Ocean", "the Indian Ocean", "the Arctic Ocean" ]		closed choice
middle	Which of these states is farthest east?	1,897	0	The image is a map of the United States, with three states highlighted in green: Montana, Utah, and Texas. The map shows the borders of each state, as well as the surrounding states and bodies of water. The map is set against a white background, with a blue outline of the United States.	[ "Texas", "Oregon", "Montana", "Utah" ]		closed choice
middle	Will these magnets attract or repel each other?	1,910	0	The image shows two identical purple circles with the letter "S" in white font centered within each circle. The circles are placed side by side against a plain white background.	[ "repel", "attract" ]	Two magnets are placed as shown.	closed choice
middle	What can Jayden and Dave trade to each get what they want?	1,925	0	The image shows a list of five items, each preceded by a blue bullet point. The items listed are "a hot dog," "tomatoes," "almonds," and "water." Each item is written in black text against a white background. The list appears to be organized in alphabetical order, with the exception of "a hot dog" which is listed first.	[ "Jayden can trade his tomatoes for Dave's broccoli.", "Dave can trade his almonds for Jayden's tomatoes.", "Dave can trade his broccoli for Jayden's oranges.", "Jayden can trade his tomatoes for Dave's carrots." ]	Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another. Jayden and Dave open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Neither Jayden nor Dave got everything that they wanted. The table below shows which items they each wanted: Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below. Jayden's lunch Dave's lunch	closed choice
middle	Which of these states is farthest south?	1,937	0	The image is a map of the United States, with the states of North Dakota and Wyoming highlighted in green. The rest of the country is shown in a lighter shade of green. The map does not include any labels or names of the states, but the shape and location of North Dakota and Wyoming are clearly visible. The map also shows the borders of the neighboring states, such as Montana to the west of North Dakota and South Dakota to the east. The map does not include any other details, such as cities or geographical features.	[ "Wyoming", "Washington", "North Dakota", "Maine" ]		closed choice
difficult	Which property do these three objects have in common?	1,947	0	The image shows a pair of red stuffed dice with black dots. Each die has a yellow string attached to it, forming a loop at the top. The dice are positioned diagonally, with one die slightly higher than the other. The background is white and does not contain any additional elements.	[ "fuzzy", "salty", "hard" ]	Select the best answer.	closed choice
middle	Which of these cities is marked on the map?	1,958	3	The image is a map of the northeastern United States, with the states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut highlighted in green. The map also shows the Atlantic Ocean to the east of the states. There is a yellow dot on the coast of Maine, indicating a specific location or point of interest. The map has a simple design with no labels or additional information provided.	[ "Pittsburgh", "New York City", "Washington, D.C.", "Boston" ]		closed choice
middle	What is the name of the colony shown?	1,986	0	The image is a map of the United States, with a focus on the eastern region. The states are colored in shades of green, with darker green indicating more densely populated areas. The map also shows bodies of water, such as the Atlantic Ocean and the Great Lakes, in blue. The map does not include any labels or names of the states, making it difficult to identify specific locations without prior knowledge of the geography of the United States.	[ "Pennsylvania", "Virginia", "South Carolina", "Massachusetts" ]		closed choice
middle	Which i in column 2?	1,992	0	The image appears to be a stylized, simplified representation of a city layout, possibly from a board game or a simulation. It is divided into a grid with three columns and three rows, each cell representing a different area or zone within the city. In the top left corner, there is a grocery store depicted in yellow with a shopping cart icon. Adjacent to it, in the center of the top row, is a library represented by a red building with an open book symbol. To the right of the library, in the top right corner, is a park shown in green with a tree icon. The middle row starts with a restaurant on the left, indicated by an orange building with a fork and knife symbol. In the center of the middle row is a police department represented by a blue building with a badge symbol. On the right side of the middle row, there is another park, similar to the one in the top right corner. The bottom row mirrors the top and middle rows with a grocery store on the left, a library in the center, and a park on the right. Each zone has a distinct color scheme and iconography that suggests its function within the city. The overall style of the image is cartoonish and playful, with simple shapes and bright colors.	[ "the police department", "the grocery store", "the restaurant", "the park" ]		closed choice
middle	Which term matches the picture?	16	1	The image shows a 3D model of a human skeleton. The skeleton is depicted in white, with the spine highlighted in blue. The skeleton is shown from the front view, with the head at the top and the pelvis at the bottom. The ribcage is visible, as well as the bones of the arms and legs. The model is anatomically correct, showing the different bones that make up the human skeletal system.	[ "appendicular skeleton", "axial skeleton" ]	Read the text. You may think of the human skeleton as one big collection of bones (206 to be exact), but it actually consists of two parts: the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton is made up of the bones and cartilage of the head and torso, including the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage. It protects most of our vital organs, like the brain and heart, and supports the weight of our bodies. In contrast, the bones in our appendicular skeleton allow us to move. They include the bone and cartilage in our limbs, like the bones in our arms and feet.	closed choice
middle	Is the following statement about our solar system true or false? The volume of Mars is more than three times as large as Mercury's.	19	0	The image is a table with two columns. The first column lists various volumes in billions of km3, ranging from 60 to 1,431.280. The second column lists the primary component of each volume, with the majority being "rock" and a few being "gas" or "ice".	[ "false", "true" ]	Use the data to answer the question below.	true-or false
middle	Which term matches the picture?	24	1	The image shows a group of ice cubes floating on water. The ice cubes are clear and have a cube shape with rounded edges. They are arranged in a way that some are partially submerged in the water, while others are fully above the surface. The water has small ripples and reflections from the light source. The background is a plain, dark color, which contrasts with the bright and reflective nature of the ice cubes and water.	[ "chemical change", "physical change" ]	Read the text. When a substance goes through a physical change, its form or shape changes, but its chemical composition does not. For example, when water freezes and becomes a solid, its form changes, but it is still made up of the same molecules. In a chemical change, by contrast, one or more of the molecules in a substance changes. For example, when vinegar is mixed with baking soda, water and carbon dioxide molecules form.	closed choice
middle	Which animal's skin is better adapted as a warning sign to ward off predators?	88	0	The image shows a close-up of a sea slug, also known as a nudibranch. The sea slug has a long, slender body with a pointed head and two long, thin tentacles extending from its back. Its body is covered in small, round bumps or tubercles that are a mix of orange and brown colors. The sea slug appears to be swimming through the water, with its body slightly curved and its tentacles trailing behind. The background is a dark, solid color, which makes the sea slug stand out prominently in the image.	[ "flamboyant cuttlefish", "impala" ]	Opalescent nudibranchs have stinging cells in their brightly colored skin. The bright colors serve as a warning sign that the animal is toxic and dangerous. The 's skin is adapted to ward off predators. Figure: opalescent nudibranch.	closed choice
middle	Is the following statement about our solar system true or false? The volume of Earth is more than ten times the volume of Mercury.	196	0	The image is a table that lists the volume of each planet in our solar system, measured in cubic kilometers (km³). The table also includes the primary composition of each planet, which can be either rock, gas, or ice. The planets listed in the table are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. The table is organized with the planets listed in order of their distance from the sun, with Mercury being the closest and Neptune being the farthest. The table has a green header and footer, with the main body of the table being white.	[ "true", "false" ]	Use the data to answer the question below.	true-or false
difficult	Which animal is also adapted to be camouflaged in a sandy desert?	222	1	The image shows a single camel standing on a sandy terrain with sparse vegetation. The camel appears to be looking directly at the camera, and its hump is prominent, indicating it may be well-nourished. The background features a clear sky and distant mountains, suggesting a desert environment. The camel's coat is a light brown color, which is typical for camels as it provides camouflage in their natural habitat. There are no other animals or people visible in the image, giving a sense of solitude.	[ "kingsnake", "horned viper" ]	Camels live in dry places such as deserts. The is adapted to be camouflaged in a sandy desert. Figure: camel.	closed choice
middle	Complete the statement. Propane is ().	248	1	The image shows a molecular structure with four carbon atoms (represented by the black spheres) connected by single bonds. Each carbon atom is bonded to three other atoms, two of which are hydrogen atoms (represented by the smaller white spheres). The arrangement of the atoms forms a symmetrical pattern with two hydrogen atoms on each side of the carbon atoms. The overall structure appears to be a simple alkane molecule.	[ "an elementary substance", "a compound" ]	The model below represents a molecule of propane. Propane is used as fuel for heaters, engines, and outdoor grills.	closed choice
middle	Look at the picture. Which word best describes the sound this hammer makes?	269	2	The image shows a person's hand holding a hammer with a wooden handle and a metal head. The person is wearing a plaid shirt, and the background features a wooden fence with vertical slats. The person appears to be in the process of nailing something into the fence, as their hand is positioned near the top of the fence and the hammer is raised, ready to strike.	[ "buzzing", "dripping", "banging" ]		closed choice
middle	Is an empty glass a solid, a liquid, or a gas?	290	2	The image shows a tall, slender glass bottle with a slightly tapered design. The bottle appears to be made of clear glass and has a smooth, reflective surface. It is standing upright against a plain background, which emphasizes its elegant shape. There are no visible markings or labels on the bottle, and it is empty, with no contents visible through the glass. The overall impression is one of simplicity and minimalism.	[ "a gas", "a liquid", "a solid" ]		closed choice
middle	Why might covering its eggs with its body increase the reproductive success of a snail leech? Complete the claim below that answers this question and is best supported by the passage. Covering its eggs with its body increases the chances that ().	345	0	The image shows a close-up view of a leaf with small, brown insects on its surface. The leaf appears to be green and has a slightly wavy texture. The insects are scattered across the leaf, some appearing to be clustered together while others are more spread out. The background is a neutral gray color, which contrasts with the colors of the leaf and insects.	[ "the leech's eggs will hatch", "the leech will not eat for up to a week", "the leech will fight a water snail" ]	Animals often behave in certain ways that can increase their reproductive success. Read the passage about a specific animal behavior. Then, follow the instructions below. The snail leech is a type of worm that often lives in freshwater streams. After reproduces, it attaches its eggs to a rock at the bottom of the stream. The leech then flattens its body over its eggs to protect them. The leech protects its eggs until they hatch, which takes four to seven days. During this time, the leech does not leave the eggs or eat. Water snails are predators that eat leech eggs. The snails easily eat eggs that are not covered by an adult leech. But snails cannot easily get to eggs that are covered by a leech. Figure: a snail leech.	closed choice
middle	Is the wind turning a pinwheel a solid, a liquid, or a gas?	352	1	The image shows a colorful pinwheel with a yellow center and eight petals in various colors such as red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple, pink, and white. The pinwheel is attached to a thin, brown stick that extends from the bottom of the image. The background is a soft, pale blue color with a subtle circular pattern. The overall appearance of the image is playful and whimsical.	[ "a solid", "a gas", "a liquid" ]		closed choice
middle	What can a fertilized egg grow into?	393	0	The image is a diagram that illustrates the life cycle of a fern plant. It shows various stages of the plant's growth, starting with spores that develop into small, heart-shaped structures called prothallus. The prothallus then grows roots and eventually produces a mature fern plant with green fronds. The diagram also includes arrows to indicate the direction of growth and development from one stage to the next.	[ "a mature fern", "a heart-shaped plant" ]	This diagram shows the life cycle of a fern.	closed choice
middle	Which bird's beak is also adapted to crack large, hard nuts?	412	1	The image shows a close-up of a colorful bird, likely a parrot or a lorikeet, with vibrant green feathers covering its head and back. The bird has a distinctive red crest on top of its head, and its face is a mix of white and black colors with some orange around the beak area. It has a long, curved black beak that is typical of birds in the parrot family. The background is blurred, drawing focus to the bird itself, and it appears to be a natural outdoor setting with green hues, suggesting foliage. The bird's eye is open and looking slightly to the side, giving it a curious and alert expression.	[ "western kingbird", "Alexandrine parakeet" ]	Military macaws live in the forests of Central and South America. They eat large seeds and nuts. The shape of the 's beak is adapted to crack open large, hard nuts. Figure: military macaw.	closed choice
middle	Complete the sentence. The word "antebellum" means ().	447	3	The image shows a table with four columns, each containing a word or phrase. The first column has the word "before" in bold letters, followed by the word "something." The second column has the word "be" in bold letters, followed by the word "entered" in smaller font size. The third column has the word "re" in bold letters, followed by the word "thing" in smaller font size. The fourth column has the word "or" in bold letters, followed by the word "ru" in smaller font size. The background of the table is yellow, and the text is in black.	[ "before the feast", "after the long peace", "after the election", "before the war" ]	The time period in United States history between 1820 and 1861 is often called the antebellum period. During the antebellum period, the North and South became more divided. In the following questions, you learn more about the changes that happened during the antebellum period. The following table shows other words that use the Latin root words ante and bellum. Look at the table. Then complete the text below.	closed choice
middle	What can Nina and Estelle trade to each get what they want?	450	2	The image shows a list of items with bullet points next to them. The items listed are "a hot dog," "tomatoes," "almonds," and "water." The background color of the image is pink, and the text is in white.	[ "Estelle can trade her broccoli for Nina's oranges.", "Estelle can trade her almonds for Nina's tomatoes.", "Nina can trade her tomatoes for Estelle's broccoli.", "Nina can trade her tomatoes for Estelle's carrots." ]	Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another. Nina and Estelle open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Neither Nina nor Estelle got everything that they wanted. The table below shows which items they each wanted: Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below. Nina's lunch Estelle's lunch	closed choice
middle	Identify the question that Terrence's experiment can best answer.	458	1	The image shows four volumetric flasks containing a yellow liquid, possibly a chemical solution. The flasks are wrapped in aluminum foil at the top and have measurement markings on the side indicating volumes of 50 ml, 100 ml, and 250 ml. The flasks are placed on a reflective surface, and the background is white.	[ "Does temperature affect how much bacteria can grow in liquid?", "Do more bacteria grow in liquid with cinnamon than in liquid without cinnamon?" ]	The passage below describes an experiment. Read the passage and then follow the instructions below. Terrence mixed bacteria into a nutrient-rich liquid where the bacteria could grow. He poured four ounces of the mixture into each of ten glass flasks. In five of the ten flasks, he also added one teaspoon of cinnamon. He allowed the bacteria in the flasks to grow overnight in a 37°C room. Then, Terrence used a microscope to count the number of bacteria in a small sample from each flask. He compared the amount of bacteria in the liquid with cinnamon to the amount of bacteria in the liquid without cinnamon. Figure: flasks of liquid for growing bacteria.	closed choice
middle	Complete the statement. Hydrogen sulfide is ().	472	1	The image shows a yellow circle with a black letter "S" in the center. The circle is outlined in black and has two black lines extending from the top, creating a shape that resembles a face or mask. The background of the image is white.	[ "an elementary substance", "a compound" ]	The model below represents a molecule of hydrogen sulfide. Hydrogen sulfide is a poisonous gas that is produced by some types of bacteria found in swamps and marshes.	closed choice
middle	Will these magnets attract or repel each other?	500	1	The image is completely white and does not contain any visible elements or objects. It appears to be a blank space with no content or description.	[ "attract", "repel" ]	Two magnets are placed as shown.	closed choice
middle	What is the name of the colony shown?	527	2	The image is a map of the United States, with the state of Maine highlighted in green. The map shows the outline of the country, with the states bordering Maine also visible. The ocean is depicted in blue on the right side of the map, indicating that Maine is located on the northeastern coast of the United States.	[ "West Virginia", "Illinois", "Pennsylvania", "Iowa" ]		closed choice
difficult	Which of the following could Edward's test show?	561	1	The image shows a person wearing a pink shirt and glasses, working on a whiteboard with various colored markers. The individual appears to be in the process of writing or drawing something on the board. The setting looks like an office environment, as suggested by the presence of what seems to be office furniture and equipment in the background. The person is focused on their task, indicating a professional or work-related activity.	[ "which design would have the least traffic noise in the concert area", "which design would have the greatest distance between the concert area and the road", "if at least 20% of the park would be shaded by trees in each design" ]	People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. The passage below describes how the engineering-design process was used to test a solution to a problem. Read the passage. Then answer the question below. Edward was a landscape architect who was hired to design a new city park. The city council wanted the park to have space for outdoor concerts and to have at least 20% of the park shaded by trees. Edward thought the concert area should be at least 150 meters from the road so traffic noise didn't interrupt the music. He developed three possible designs for the park with the concert area in a different location in each design. Then, he tested each design by measuring the distance between the road and the concert area. Figure: studying an architect's design.	closed choice
middle	Complete the sentence. The Japan Trench formed at a () boundary.	575	1	The image is a map of the ocean floor, showing the location of the Okhotsk Plate, Japan Trench, and Pacific Plate. The Okhotsk Plate is located in the top left corner of the map, with the Japan Trench running diagonally from the top right to the bottom left. The Pacific Plate is shown in the bottom right corner of the map. The map also shows various underwater mountains and valleys, with different shades of blue representing the depth of the water.	[ "divergent", "convergent", "transform" ]	Read the passage and look at the picture. The Japan Trench is a deep-sea trench east of the islands of Japan. The trench formed as the Pacific Plate subducted, or sank, below the Okhotsk Plate. The two plates continue to move toward each other. This movement can cause devastating earthquakes in Japan, such as a magnitude 9.0 earthquake that occurred on March 11, 2011.	closed choice
middle	Select the fish below.	656	0	The image shows a large, grayish-green fish with a long snout and two small, whisker-like appendages on either side of its mouth. The fish has a broad, flat head and a streamlined body that tapers towards the tail. It appears to be swimming in shallow water with a sandy bottom and some scattered rocks. The fish's eyes are small and round, and it has a wide, downturned mouth. The overall appearance of the fish suggests it is a species adapted for life in murky, slow-moving waters.	[ "manta ray", "red-tailed hawk" ]	Fish live underwater. They have fins, not limbs. A catfish is an example of a fish.	closed choice
middle	What is the name of the colony shown?	674	2	The image is a map of the eastern United States, with the states highlighted in green. The states included are Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, New York, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine. The map also shows parts of Canada to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. The map has a simple design with no labels or additional information provided.	[ "Washington, D.C.", "Michigan", "Maryland", "Illinois" ]		closed choice
middle	Will these magnets attract or repel each other?	675	1	The image is completely white with no visible elements or features. It appears to be a blank space without any content or context.	[ "attract", "repel" ]	Two magnets are placed as shown.	closed choice
difficult	Which of these states is farthest west?	682	3	The image is a map of the United States, with each state colored in green. The states are labeled with their names, such as New Mexico, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. The map also shows the borders of each state, as well as the surrounding bodies of water, including the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean.	[ "New Mexico", "Pennsylvania", "Virginia", "Idaho" ]		closed choice
middle	Select the fish below.	707	0	The image shows a small orange and white clownfish swimming among green sea anemones. The clownfish has a distinctive white stripe running through its eye, and its fins are a bright orange color. The sea anemones have long, thin tentacles that are a vibrant green color, and they appear to be swaying gently in the water. The clownfish is positioned in the center of the image, with the sea anemones surrounding it on all sides. The overall scene gives the impression of a peaceful underwater environment.	[ "whale shark", "green iguana", "ostrich", "Hermann's tortoise" ]	Fish live underwater. They have fins, not limbs. Fish are cold-blooded. The body temperature of cold-blooded animals depends on their environment. A clownfish is an example of a fish.	closed choice
middle	Which solution has a higher concentration of green particles?	760	2	The image shows two flasks, each containing a green solution. The flask on the left is labeled "Solution A" and has a volume of 40 mL. The flask on the right is also labeled "Solvent volume: 40 mL". Both flasks have a blue background and are filled with green spheres representing the solute.	[ "Solution B", "neither; their concentrations are the same", "Solution A" ]	The diagram below is a model of two solutions. Each green ball represents one particle of solute.	closed choice
middle	Which animal's skin is better adapted as a warning sign to ward off predators?	831	0	The image shows a fish with a unique pattern of blue and yellow stripes on its body, with a white background. The fish has a round head and a long, pointed tail. It is swimming in an aquarium with small rocks and pebbles on the bottom. The fish appears to be a type of freshwater cichlid, known for their bright colors and distinctive patterns.	[ "fire salamander", "peppered moth" ]	Sharpnose-puffers are poisonous animals with brightly colored skin. The bright color serves as a warning sign that the animal is poisonous. The 's skin is adapted to ward off predators. Figure: sharpnose-puffer.	closed choice
middle	Look at the picture. Which word best describes how this feather feels to the touch?	906	0	The image shows a single feather with a brown and gold color gradient. The feather has a long, thin stem that tapers off into a delicate web of barbs at the end. The barbs are arranged in a symmetrical pattern, creating a soft, fluffy appearance. The background is a plain white, which contrasts with the warm colors of the feather and makes it stand out. The feather appears to be slightly curved, giving the impression of movement or wind blowing through it.	[ "soft", "heavy", "bumpy" ]		closed choice
middle	What can Patrick and Isabelle trade to each get what they want?	976	2	The image shows two green plastic containers filled with food, placed on a black surface. The container on the left contains a sandwich made with white bread and what appears to be ham or turkey as the filling. There is also a small bottle of water next to the sandwich. The container on the right contains a variety of vegetables including broccoli, carrots, and what looks like cherry tomatoes. There are also some almonds scattered around the vegetables. The overall presentation of the food is neat and organized.	[ "Isabelle can trade her almonds for Patrick's tomatoes.", "Patrick can trade his tomatoes for Isabelle's sandwich.", "Patrick can trade his tomatoes for Isabelle's broccoli.", "Isabelle can trade her broccoli for Patrick's oranges." ]	Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another. Patrick and Isabelle open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Both of them could be happier with their lunches. Patrick wanted broccoli in his lunch and Isabelle was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below.	closed choice
middle	Which of these states is farthest north?	999	3	The image is a map of the United States, with each state represented by a different color. The states are labeled with their names, such as Missouri, Texas, Mississippi, and North Carolina. The map also shows the borders between states and the surrounding bodies of water, including the Pacific Ocean on the west coast and the Atlantic Ocean on the east coast. The map appears to be a simplified version, without any additional geographical features or labels.	[ "North Carolina", "Texas", "Mississippi", "Missouri" ]		closed choice
middle	Select the fish below.	1,016	3	The image shows a great white shark swimming underwater. The shark's mouth is closed, and its dorsal fin is visible above the water surface. The water is a deep blue color, indicating that the photo was taken in deeper waters. The shark appears to be swimming towards the camera, with its eyes focused ahead. The image captures the power and majesty of this incredible creature.	[ "European green toad", "green chameleon", "zebra", "porcupinefish" ]	Fish live underwater. They have fins, not limbs. Fish are cold-blooded. The body temperature of cold-blooded animals depends on their environment. A great white shark is an example of a fish.	closed choice
middle	Is the following statement about our solar system true or false? Neptune's volume is more than 50 times as great as that of Earth.	1,022	0	The image is a table with two columns. The first column lists various volumes in billions of km, ranging from 60 to 1,431,280. The second column lists the primary component of each volume, with the majority being "rock" and a few being "gas" or "ice".	[ "true", "false" ]	Use the data to answer the question below.	true-or false
middle	Which animal's feet are also adapted to walk on snow and ice?	1,027	1	The image shows a close-up of a cat's paw. The paw is brown and has four visible toes with black pads on the bottom. The background is blurred, but it appears to be a white surface, possibly a table or a bed. The cat's fur is also visible in the background, suggesting that the cat may be lying down or resting. The focus of the image is on the details of the cat's paw, highlighting its texture and color.	[ "horse", "brown bear" ]	Snow leopards live in the snowy mountains of central Asia. The 's feet are adapted for walking on snow and ice. Figure: snow leopard.	closed choice
middle	Which bird's beak is also adapted to tear through meat?	1,046	1	The image shows a close-up of a bird, specifically a Marabou Stork. The bird has a large, black beak and a white head with some grey feathers around its neck. Its eyes are small and black, and it appears to be looking slightly to the side. The background is a solid green color, which contrasts with the bird's white and grey feathers.	[ "hoopoe", "bald eagle" ]	White-backed vultures are scavengers. They find and eat the bodies of dead animals. The shape of the 's beak is adapted to tear through meat. Figure: white-backed vulture.	closed choice
middle	Which of the following could Brett's test show?	1,075	0	The image shows a close-up view of water droplets on a red surface. The droplets are spherical and have a reflective quality, with some appearing to be larger and more elongated than others. In the top left corner, there is a transparent circular object that could be a glass or plastic lens, which is causing a distortion in the appearance of the droplets behind it. The red surface has a smooth texture and appears to be wet, with some areas showing a darker shade of red where the water has collected. The overall mood of the image is calm and serene, with a focus on the beauty of water in its natural state.	[ "how long it would take the sample fabric to dry after it absorbed one drop of water", "how much athletes would sweat in the fabric", "if the sample fabric would absorb one drop of water in less than one second" ]	People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. The passage below describes how the engineering-design process was used to test a solution to a problem. Read the passage. Then answer the question below. Brett, a materials engineer, was developing a quick-drying fabric for athletic clothing. The fabric needed to absorb one drop of water in less than one second and dry completely in less than five minutes. Brett thought a fabric made from cotton and polyester would both absorb water well and dry quickly. But he needed to decide what percentage of each material to use. So, he made a sample fabric that was 50% cotton and 50% polyester. Then he put one drop of water on the sample. He timed how long it took the fabric to dry after the water was absorbed. Figure: fabric that has not absorbed drops of water.	closed choice
middle	Is the following statement about our solar system true or false? Half of the planets are made mainly of gas or ice.	1,185	1	The image is a table with two columns. The first column lists volumes in billions of km3, ranging from 60 to 1,431.280. The second column lists the primary component of each volume, with "rock" being the most common, followed by "gas" and "ice".	[ "false", "true" ]	Use the data to answer the question below.	true-or false
middle	Which animal's limbs are also adapted for swimming?	1,189	0	The image shows a sea lion lying on its side on a rocky surface covered with seaweed. The sea lion has a light-colored body with darker spots. In the background, there is a body of water with waves crashing against the rocks. The sea lion appears to be resting or sunbathing in the sunlight.	[ "sea turtle", "ostrich" ]	Harbor seals live along the coasts of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. They spend a lot of time hunting fish at sea. The has four flippers for limbs. Its limbs are adapted for swimming. Figure: harbor seal.	closed choice
middle	Select the organism in the same genus as the Victoria crowned pigeon.	1,197	1	The image shows a peacock standing on a rock. The peacock has a vibrant blue body with a greenish-blue crest on its head. Its tail feathers are spread out in a fan-like display, showcasing the intricate patterns and colors of the feathers. The background is blurred, drawing focus to the peacock itself.	[ "Aequorea victoria", "Goura scheepmakeri", "Strix aluco" ]	This organism is a Victoria crowned pigeon. Its scientific name is Goura victoria.	closed choice
middle	Can Rafflesia arnoldii cells make their own food?	1,199	1	The image shows a large, red Rafflesia flower with its petals spread open. The flower is known for being the largest individual flower in the world and for having the strongest and most unpleasant odor. The petals are thick and have a textured surface with small bumps. The center of the flower is hollow and has a darker red color. The flower is surrounded by fallen leaves on the ground, indicating that it may be growing in a forested area.	[ "no", "yes" ]	This organism is Rafflesia arnoldii. It is a member of the plant kingdom. Rafflesia arnoldii has the largest flowers in the world. A single flower can be three feet wide! R. arnoldii is commonly called a corpse flower because the flower smells like rotting meat.	yes or no
middle	Select the organism in the same species as the cocoi heron.	1,253	2	The image shows a large bird, possibly a crane or stork, in flight. The bird has a long neck and a distinctive black and white pattern on its wings. It is flying over a lush green landscape with dense foliage and some scattered leaves on the ground. The bird appears to be in motion, with its wings spread wide and its legs tucked in. The background is blurred, drawing attention to the bird as the main subject of the image.	[ "Falco peregrinus", "Tyto alba", "Ardea cocoi" ]	This organism is a cocoi heron. Its scientific name is Ardea cocoi.	closed choice
difficult	Which animal's feet are also adapted for grabbing prey?	1,256	0	The image shows a bald eagle in flight, with its wings spread wide and talons extended downwards. The eagle has white feathers on its head and tail, with the rest of its body covered in dark brown feathers. Its eyes are focused ahead, and it appears to be flying over a body of water. The background is blurred, drawing attention to the eagle as the main subject of the image.	[ "common buzzard", "sable" ]	Bald eagles eat fish, mammals, and other birds. The 's feet are adapted for grabbing prey. Figure: bald eagle.	closed choice
difficult	Which material is this jar made of?	1,257	1	The image shows a blue plastic bottle with a white label. The label has a slight reflection on it, indicating that it is glossy. The bottle appears to be standing upright and is likely made of a lightweight material commonly used for packaging beverages or other liquid products. The cap of the bottle is not visible in the image.	[ "cotton", "metal" ]		closed choice
middle	Which animal's neck is also adapted for hunting prey while keeping the rest of its body still?	1,302	1	The image shows a close-up of a bird, specifically a Great Blue Heron, with its long, curved neck and distinctive blue-gray plumage. The heron's head is turned to the side, revealing its sharp, pointed beak and bright yellow eyes. The background is a blurred blue, suggesting that the heron is standing near water. The heron's chest feathers are slightly ruffled, adding texture to the image.	[ "blue-footed booby", "painted stork" ]	Great blue herons live near wetlands and lakes. They eat mostly fish. The 's neck helps it grab fish while keeping the rest of its body still. If the heron had to move its body, it might scare the fish away. Figure: great blue heron.	closed choice
middle	Will these magnets attract or repel each other?	1,303	1	The image is completely white with no visible elements or objects. It appears to be a blank space with no content or description.	[ "attract", "repel" ]	Two magnets are placed as shown.	closed choice
difficult	Look at the models of molecules below. Select the elementary substance.	1,318	2	The image shows three different molecular structures, each consisting of blue and red spheres connected by lines. The blue spheres represent nitrogen atoms (N) and the red spheres represent oxygen atoms (O). The first structure on the left has two nitrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, the second structure in the middle has one nitrogen atom and one oxygen atom, and the third structure on the right has one nitrogen atom and two oxygen atoms. Below the structures, there is a label that reads "nitrogen," indicating that the blue spheres represent nitrogen atoms.	[ "propane", "ethanol", "nitrogen" ]		closed choice
middle	Which of these states is farthest south?	1,376	2	The image is a map of the United States, with each state colored in green. The states of Colorado, Michigan, and Vermont are highlighted in a darker shade of green. The map also shows the borders of each state, as well as the coastline along the Atlantic Ocean. The map does not include any labels or names of the states, but the overall layout and design suggest it is a simplified representation of the United States.	[ "Michigan", "Vermont", "Colorado", "Maine" ]		closed choice
difficult	What is the name of the colony shown?	1,393	0	The image is a map of the United States, with the states colored in green and the oceans in blue. The map is centered on the eastern coast of the United States, with the Atlantic Ocean to the right and the Great Lakes to the left. The states are outlined in white, making it easy to distinguish between them. The map has a simple and clean design, with no labels or text overlaying the map.	[ "Rhode Island", "Tennessee", "West Virginia", "Ohio" ]		closed choice
middle	Select the organism in the same genus as the European hedgehog.	1,424	0	The image shows a hedgehog standing on a rock. The hedgehog has a spiky brown and white coat, with a round body and small legs. Its head is turned to the side, showing its small ears and black eyes. The background is blurred, but it appears to be a natural setting with greenery.	[ "Erinaceus europaeus", "Sciurus vulgaris", "Lepus americanus" ]	This organism is a European hedgehog. Its scientific name is Erinaceus europaeus.	closed choice
middle	Is the following statement about our solar system true or false? The volume of Mars is more than three times as large as Mercury's.	1,461	0	The image is a table with two columns. The first column lists various volumes in billions of km3, ranging from 60 to 1,431,280. The second column lists the primary component of each volume, with all but one being "rock" and the last one being "ice". The table appears to be comparing the volume of different types of rock and ice.	[ "false", "true" ]	Use the data to answer the question below.	true-or false
middle	During this time, thermal energy was transferred from () to ().	1,470	1	The image shows a yellow bar with the word "temperature" written in white text. The background of the image is white, and there is a thin black line separating the yellow bar from the rest of the image. The text is centered on the yellow bar and is in all lowercase letters.	[ "each bottle . . . the surroundings", "the surroundings . . . each bottle" ]	Two bottles of soda were sitting on a porch on a hot day. The two bottles were identical, except that one bottle was made of brown glass and one bottle was made of clear glass. This table shows how the temperature of each bottle changed over 25minutes.	closed choice
middle	Complete the sentence. The word "antebellum" means ().	1,504	2	The image is a screenshot of a text conversation or document with four lines of text. The first line reads "before something," the second line reads "bellig before something," the third line reads "be entered before a," and the fourth line reads "rething before it or ru." The text appears to be a combination of words that are not complete sentences, and some of the words are misspelled or not in proper English. The background of the text is white, and there is a blue border at the top of the image.	[ "after the long peace", "after the election", "before the war", "before the feast" ]	The time period in United States history between 1820 and 1861 is often called the antebellum period. During the antebellum period, the North and South became more divided. In the following questions, you learn more about the changes that happened during the antebellum period. The following table shows other words that use the Latin root words ante and bellum. Look at the table. Then complete the text below.	closed choice
middle	Select the organism in the same genus as the smooth newt.	1,560	0	The image shows a brown and black salamander with yellow spots on its back, lying on a rocky surface. The salamander has a long tail, four legs, and a small head with eyes. The background is blurred, but it appears to be a natural outdoor setting with greenery.	[ "Lissotriton helveticus", "Taricha torosa", "Ambystoma opacum" ]	This organism is a smooth newt. Its scientific name is Lissotriton vulgaris.	closed choice
difficult	Look at the models of molecules below. Select the elementary substance.	1,563	0	The image shows a 2D representation of the molecule trichlorofluoromethane. The molecule consists of one central carbon atom (represented by a black circle) bonded to three chlorine atoms (represented by green circles) and one fluorine atom (represented by a red circle). The atoms are connected by lines, indicating the bonds between them. Below the molecule, there is a legend that explains the color coding for each element: red for oxygen, green for chlorine, blue for silicon, and black for carbon.	[ "oxygen", "silane", "trichlorofluoromethane" ]		closed choice
middle	Based on the timeline, which of the following statements is true?	1,584	0	The image shows two blue rectangular boxes with text inside them. The box on the left reads "Buddhism ca. 500 BCE" and the box on the right reads "Chr." There is an arrow pointing from the first box to the second box, indicating a connection or relationship between the two. Below the boxes, there is a timeline that spans from 500 BCE to 1 CE, with the Buddhism box placed at approximately 500 BCE on the timeline. The overall image appears to be a visual representation of the historical timeline of Buddhism and its possible influence on Christianity.	[ "Buddhism began more than 1,000 years before Islam.", "Buddhism began about 300 years after Judaism." ]	The following timeline shows the approximate dates when several world religions began. Look at the timeline. Then answer the question below.	closed choice
difficult	Which solution has a higher concentration of pink particles?	1,593	2	The image shows two beakers, each containing a solution with purple spheres dispersed throughout. The beaker on the left is labeled "Solution A" and has a volume of 35 mL. The beaker on the right is labeled "Solvent volume: 35 mL" and also contains a solution with a volume of 35 mL. Both solutions appear to have the same concentration of purple spheres.	[ "neither; their concentrations are the same", "Solution B", "Solution A" ]	The diagram below is a model of two solutions. Each pink ball represents one particle of solute.	closed choice
difficult	Is the following statement about our solar system true or false? There are twice as many ice planets as rocky planets.	1,640	1	The image is a table with two columns. The first column lists various volumes in billions of km3, ranging from 60 to 1,431,280. The second column lists the primary component of each volume, with "rock" being the most common, followed by "gas" and "ice".	[ "true", "false" ]	Use the data to answer the question below.	true-or false
middle	Complete the text to describe the diagram. Solute particles moved in both directions across the permeable membrane. But more solute particles moved across the membrane (). When there was an equal concentration on both sides, the particles reached equilibrium.	1,695	0	The image shows two sets of data points, each set consisting of 10 green dots. The top set is arranged in a more scattered pattern, with the dots spread out across the blue background. The bottom set is more tightly clustered, with the dots grouped together in the center of the blue background. There is an arrow pointing downwards between the two sets, indicating a transition or change from the scattered arrangement to the clustered arrangement.	[ "to the right than to the left", "to the left than to the right" ]	The diagram below shows a solution with one solute. Each solute particle is represented by a green ball. The solution fills a closed container that is divided in half by a membrane. The membrane, represented by a dotted line, is permeable to the solute particles. The diagram shows how the solution can change over time during the process of diffusion.	closed choice
middle	What can Dustin and Myra trade to each get what they want?	1,699	2	The image shows a list of items with bullet points. The items listed are "a hot dog," "tomatoes," "almonds," and "water." The background is pink, and the text is white.	[ "Myra can trade her almonds for Dustin's tomatoes.", "Myra can trade her broccoli for Dustin's oranges.", "Dustin can trade his tomatoes for Myra's broccoli.", "Dustin can trade his tomatoes for Myra's carrots." ]	Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another. Dustin and Myra open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Neither Dustin nor Myra got everything that they wanted. The table below shows which items they each wanted: Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below. Dustin's lunch Myra's lunch	closed choice
difficult	Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?	1,797	0	The image shows a solitary tree with twisted and gnarled branches growing out of a rocky hillside. The tree appears to be weathered and resilient, with its roots firmly anchored in the cracks of the rocks. In the background, there is a hazy sky with clouds, suggesting that the location may be at a high altitude or in a remote area. The overall mood of the image is one of rugged beauty and the resilience of nature.	[ "climate", "weather" ]	Figure: Yorkshire Dales. Yorkshire Dales is a National Park in England. The prevailing winds tend to come from the west. As a result, some of the trees in the park grow at an angle. Hint: Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place.	closed choice
middle	Which statement describes the Sahara Desert ecosystem?	1,827	0	The image depicts a serene desert landscape during what appears to be either sunrise or sunset, given the warm golden hues of the sunlight. The sky is clear with a few scattered clouds, and the sun's position low on the horizon creates long shadows and a sense of tranquility. In the foreground, there are several tall palm trees with fronds that are silhouetted against the bright sky, indicating they are closer to the viewer than the sun. The sand has tracks and ripples, suggesting recent movement across its surface, possibly by wind or animals. The overall scene conveys a sense of vastness and the harsh yet beautiful conditions of desert life.	[ "It has many different types of organisms.", "It has warm, wet summers." ]	Figure: Sahara Desert. The Sahara Desert in northern Africa is the largest hot desert in the world. Less than one-fifth of this desert is covered in sand dunes. Most of the Sahara Desert is covered by bare rock, gravel, and pebbles!	closed choice
very_difficult	Look at the models of molecules below. Select the elementary substance.	1,843	2	The image shows three different chemical compounds, each represented by a simple molecular model. The models use colored spheres to represent atoms and lines to represent bonds between them. On the left side of the image, there is a compound with a green sphere and a purple sphere connected by a line, labeled as "thiane." This suggests the presence of a sulfur atom (traditionally represented by the color green in such models) and an iodine atom (represented by purple), indicating that thiane could be a type of sulfide containing iodine. In the middle, there's a more complex structure with two purple spheres connected by a line, above and below a horizontal line, which also connects the purple spheres. This central compound is labeled "iodine," implying that it is composed of iodine atoms. The structure suggests a symmetrical di-iodine compound, possibly an alkyl or aryl iodide, where the iodine atoms are bonded to a carbon atom not shown in the model. Below the molecular models, there is a key that correlates the colors used in the models with their respective elements: green for fluorine (F), green for chlorine (Cl), and purple for iodine (I). This key helps in identifying the atoms in the molecular models, but it	[ "methane", "trichlorofluoromethane", "iodine" ]		closed choice
middle	What can Roger and Sebastian trade to each get what they want?	1,853	2	The image shows a list of items with blue bullet points. The items listed are "a hot dog," "tomatoes," "almonds," and "water." The background is white, and there is a yellow line on the left side of the image.	[ "Sebastian can trade his almonds for Roger's tomatoes.", "Sebastian can trade his broccoli for Roger's oranges.", "Roger can trade his tomatoes for Sebastian's broccoli.", "Roger can trade his tomatoes for Sebastian's carrots." ]	Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another. Roger and Sebastian open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Neither Roger nor Sebastian got everything that they wanted. The table below shows which items they each wanted: Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below. Roger's lunch Sebastian's lunch	closed choice
middle	What is the name of the colony shown?	1,872	0	The image is a map of the eastern coast of the United States. The states are colored in green, with the exception of Virginia, which is colored in a darker shade of green. The map also shows the Atlantic Ocean to the east of the states. The map does not include any labels or names of the states.	[ "Maryland", "Washington, D.C.", "Iowa", "Alabama" ]		closed choice
middle	What is the expected ratio of offspring with dumbo ears to offspring with normal ears? Choose the most likely ratio.	1,879	1	The image shows a Punnett square, which is a genetic tool used to predict the possible offspring of two parents based on their genotypes. The square is divided into four sections, each representing a different combination of alleles from the parents. In this particular Punnett square, the letters "E" and "e" represent two different alleles for a certain trait. The uppercase "E" represents the dominant allele, while the lowercase "e" represents the recessive allele. The square shows all possible combinations of these alleles in the offspring, with the top left section representing the homozygous dominant genotype (EE), the top right section representing the heterozygous genotype (Ee), the bottom left section also representing the heterozygous genotype (Ee), and the bottom right section representing the homozygous recessive genotype (ee).	[ "0:4", "1:3", "3:1", "2:2", "4:0" ]	This passage describes the ear type trait in rats: Some rats have dumbo ears, which are larger and rounder than normal ears. Dumbo ears are also set on the sides of the rat's head instead of on the top. The word dumbo comes from the name of a cartoon elephant whose ears had a similar appearance. In a group of rats, some individuals have normal ears and others have dumbo ears. In this group, the gene for the ear type trait has two alleles. The allele for dumbo ears (e) is recessive to the allele for normal ears (E). This Punnett square shows a cross between two rats.	closed choice
middle	Is the following statement about our solar system true or false? There are twice as many ice planets as rocky planets.	1,881	0	The image is a table with two columns. The first column lists volumes in billions of km^3, ranging from 60 to 1,280. The second column lists the primary component of each volume, with all but one volume being "rock" and the remaining volume being "ice". The table appears to be organized in ascending order based on the volume.	[ "false", "true" ]	Use the data to answer the question below.	true-or false
middle	What is the capital of Kansas?	1,905	3	The image is a map of the United States, with each state represented by a different shade of green. The states are clearly labeled and outlined, making it easy to identify each one. The map does not include any other countries or regions, focusing solely on the United States. The overall design is simple and straightforward, with no additional graphics or decorations.	[ "Lincoln", "Frankfort", "Kansas City", "Topeka" ]		closed choice
middle	What is the capital of North Dakota?	2,011	3	The image is a map of the United States, with each state outlined in white. The entire map is colored in a solid shade of green. There are no labels or names of the states on the map. The map does not include any other geographical features such as rivers, mountains, or cities. The overall design is simple and minimalist, focusing solely on the shape and color of the states.	[ "Harrisburg", "Pierre", "Austin", "Bismarck" ]		closed choice
middle	What is the capital of Massachusetts?	5	3	The image is a map of the United States, with each state represented by a solid color. The colors used are shades of green, with darker greens representing states with larger populations and lighter greens representing states with smaller populations. The map does not include any labels or names of the states, making it difficult to identify specific states without prior knowledge of their shapes and locations. The map also does not include any geographical features such as mountains, rivers, or coastlines. Overall, the map provides a simplified representation of the United States, focusing on population density rather than physical geography.	[ "Plymouth", "Albany", "Wichita", "Boston" ]		closed choice
middle	Which of these continents does the equator intersect?	26	2	The image is a world map that shows the different continents and oceans. The continents are labeled in green, while the oceans are labeled in blue. The map also includes grid lines with coordinates to help locate specific places on the map. The map appears to be a flat earth map, as it shows the earth as a flat disc rather than a sphere. The map includes labels for the Arctic Ocean, North America, Europe, Asia, Africa, South America, Antarctica, the Southern Ocean, and the Antarctic Ocean.	[ "North America", "Australia", "Africa" ]		closed choice
middle	Look at the models of molecules below. Select the elementary substance.	129	1	The image shows three different molecular structures, each consisting of a central atom (red) bonded to two other atoms (green). The first structure on the left has a single bond between the central atom and one of the green atoms, while the second structure in the middle has a double bond between the central atom and one of the green atoms. The third structure on the right has a triple bond between the central atom and one of the green atoms. Each structure is labeled with the word "chlorine" at the bottom, indicating that the green atoms represent chlorine atoms. The central atoms are not labeled, but they are represented by a red dot. At the bottom of the image, there is a key that labels the red dot as "o" for oxygen and the green dot as "cl" for chlorine.	[ "carbon tetrachloride", "chlorine", "ethanol" ]		closed choice
middle	Which bird's beak is also adapted to get nectar out of long flowers?	135	1	The image shows a close-up of a green hummingbird with its long, curved beak pointing upwards. The bird's feathers are iridescent and have shades of blue and yellow. The background is blurred but appears to be a natural setting with greenery.	[ "snowy owl", "violet sabrewing" ]	Malachite sunbirds live in the coastal and hilly areas of South Africa. The shape of the 's beak is adapted to get nectar out of long flowers. Figure: malachite sunbird.	closed choice
middle	Select the statement that is supported by the data.	482	0	The image is a line graph that shows the global energy use per year from 1965 to 2005. The x-axis represents the years, while the y-axis represents the energy use in terawatt-hours (TWh). The graph shows an overall increasing trend in energy use over the 40-year period, with some fluctuations and dips along the way. The highest energy use occurs in 2005, reaching just over 14 TWh. The lowest energy use is in 1965, at just under 7 TWh. The graph has a blue background and the line representing the energy use is in a lighter blue color.	[ "Global energy use increased most years between 1965 and 2015.", "Humans used about the same amount of energy each year between 1965 and 2015." ]	Every day, humans all around the world use energy. They use energy to drive vehicles, heat and cool buildings, operate appliances, and manufacture products. The graph below shows global energy use per year from 1965 to 2015. Energy use is measured using the unit terawatt-hours (TWh). Figure: Data sources: Our World in Data and BP Statistical Review of World Energy.	closed choice

middle

Which ocean is highlighted?

1,815

1

The image is a stylized map of the world, with the continents depicted in shades of green and the oceans in blue. The map is oriented with North at the top, and the continents are simplified with smooth edges rather than detailed borders. The map does not include any labels or names of countries, cities, or geographical features. The overall style of the map is modern and minimalist.

[ "the Indian Ocean", "the Arctic Ocean", "the Pacific Ocean", "the Atlantic Ocean" ]

closed choice

middle

What is the name of the colony shown?

1,818

2

The image is a map of the United States, with the states highlighted in green. The states that are highlighted are Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, and New Jersey. The map also shows the Atlantic Ocean to the east of the highlighted states. The map has a simple design with no labels or additional information provided.

[ "New York", "Rhode Island", "Delaware", "Connecticut" ]

closed choice

difficult

Is the following statement about our solar system true or false? Saturn's volume is more than 50% of Jupiter's volume.

1,821

1

The image is a table with two columns. The first column lists various numbers ranging from 60 to 1,431,280. The second column lists the corresponding primary component associated with each number. The primary components listed are rock, gas, and ice. Each row in the table corresponds to a specific number and its associated primary component.

[ "false", "true" ]

Use the data to answer the question below.

true-or false

middle

Which property do these three objects have in common?

1,825

1

The image shows a jar of dill pickles. The jar is green in color and has a white label with the words "Dill Pickles" written on it. Inside the jar, there are several green pickles submerged in a clear brine solution. The background of the image is white, which makes the green color of the pickles and the jar stand out.

[ "salty", "sour", "fuzzy" ]

Select the best answer.

closed choice

middle

Which ocean is highlighted?

1,834

0

The image is a stylized map of the world, with landmasses depicted in green and bodies of water in blue. The continents are simplified and lack detailed borders or labels, giving it an abstract appearance. The map does not provide any topographical features, cities, or other geographical details. It's a basic representation that could be used for educational purposes to teach about the world's geography in a broad sense.

[ "the Arctic Ocean", "the Indian Ocean", "the Pacific Ocean", "the Southern Ocean" ]

closed choice

middle

Compare the average kinetic energies of the particles in each sample. Which sample has the higher temperature?

1,845

2

The image shows two jars labeled as Sample A and Sample B. Both jars contain particles, with Sample A having blue particles and Sample B having green particles. The image also provides information about the mass of each particle in Sample A, which is 32 u, and the average particle speed in Sample B, which is 1,200 m/s. The jars are depicted with a white background and have a gray lid on top.

[ "neither; the samples have the same temperature", "sample A", "sample B" ]

The diagrams below show two pure samples of gas in identical closed, rigid containers. Each colored ball represents one gas particle. Both samples have the same number of particles.

closed choice

middle

Which country is highlighted?

1,851

3

The image is a map of the South Pacific region, with the focus on Australia and New Zealand. The map shows the two countries in green, with their surrounding islands in white. In the center of the map, there is a disputed island marked with a green rectangle. The map also includes parts of the coastlines of Australia and New Zealand, as well as some of the smaller islands in the region. The overall color scheme of the map is blue for the ocean, green for the land, and white for the smaller islands.

[ "Solomon Islands", "the Federated States of Micronesia", "Kiribati", "the Marshall Islands" ]

closed choice

middle

How much time passed between the Constitutional Convention and the start of the Civil War?

1,871

0

The image is a timeline of historical events from 1787 to 1830. It shows four significant events: the Constitutional Convention in 1787, the Missouri Compromise in 1820, the Mexican War in 1846, and the Mexican War in 1848. The timeline is divided into three sections with arrows pointing to each event. The first section is labeled "1787" and has an arrow pointing to the Constitutional Convention. The second section is labeled "1820" and has an arrow pointing to the Missouri Compromise. The third section is labeled "1846" and has an arrow pointing to the Mexican War. The timeline is designed to show the progression of these events over time.

[ "74 years", "225 years", "25 years", "157 years" ]

Look at the timeline. Then answer the question below.

closed choice

difficult

Which country is highlighted?

1,880

1

The image is a map of Australia and its surrounding islands. The map shows the mainland of Australia in green, with the states and territories outlined in white. To the north of Australia, there are several smaller islands, including the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, and New Caledonia, also shown in green. To the east of Australia, there is New Zealand, depicted in green as well. The background of the map is a light blue color, representing the ocean. The map does not show any labels or names of the countries and islands.

[ "New Zealand", "Papua New Guinea", "Solomon Islands", "Samoa" ]

closed choice

middle

Which solution has a higher concentration of pink particles?

1,883

2

The image shows two flasks containing a solution. The flask on the left is labeled "Solution A" and has a volume of 20 mL. The flask on the right is labeled "Solvent volume: 20 mL" and also contains a solution with purple particles. Both flasks have a transparent appearance, allowing the viewer to see the contents inside.

[ "Solution A", "Solution B", "neither; their concentrations are the same" ]

The diagram below is a model of two solutions. Each pink ball represents one particle of solute.

closed choice

middle

Which ocean is highlighted?

1,884

2

The image is a stylized map of the world, with the continents depicted in a solid green color and the oceans in a solid blue color. The map does not show any country borders or labels, and the continents are simplified with smooth edges rather than realistic shapes. The map has a flat design aesthetic, with no shading or depth to give the impression of a three-dimensional globe. The overall appearance is simple and abstract, focusing on the basic elements of land and water.

[ "the Pacific Ocean", "the Southern Ocean", "the Indian Ocean", "the Arctic Ocean" ]

closed choice

middle

Which of these states is farthest east?

1,897

0

The image is a map of the United States, with three states highlighted in green: Montana, Utah, and Texas. The map shows the borders of each state, as well as the surrounding states and bodies of water. The map is set against a white background, with a blue outline of the United States.

[ "Texas", "Oregon", "Montana", "Utah" ]

closed choice

middle

Will these magnets attract or repel each other?

1,910

0

The image shows two identical purple circles with the letter "S" in white font centered within each circle. The circles are placed side by side against a plain white background.

[ "repel", "attract" ]

Two magnets are placed as shown.

closed choice

middle

What can Jayden and Dave trade to each get what they want?

1,925

0

The image shows a list of five items, each preceded by a blue bullet point. The items listed are "a hot dog," "tomatoes," "almonds," and "water." Each item is written in black text against a white background. The list appears to be organized in alphabetical order, with the exception of "a hot dog" which is listed first.

[ "Jayden can trade his tomatoes for Dave's broccoli.", "Dave can trade his almonds for Jayden's tomatoes.", "Dave can trade his broccoli for Jayden's oranges.", "Jayden can trade his tomatoes for Dave's carrots." ]

Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another. Jayden and Dave open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Neither Jayden nor Dave got everything that they wanted. The table below shows which items they each wanted: Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below. Jayden's lunch Dave's lunch

closed choice

middle

Which of these states is farthest south?

1,937

0

The image is a map of the United States, with the states of North Dakota and Wyoming highlighted in green. The rest of the country is shown in a lighter shade of green. The map does not include any labels or names of the states, but the shape and location of North Dakota and Wyoming are clearly visible. The map also shows the borders of the neighboring states, such as Montana to the west of North Dakota and South Dakota to the east. The map does not include any other details, such as cities or geographical features.

[ "Wyoming", "Washington", "North Dakota", "Maine" ]

closed choice

difficult

Which property do these three objects have in common?

1,947

0

The image shows a pair of red stuffed dice with black dots. Each die has a yellow string attached to it, forming a loop at the top. The dice are positioned diagonally, with one die slightly higher than the other. The background is white and does not contain any additional elements.

[ "fuzzy", "salty", "hard" ]

Select the best answer.

closed choice

middle

Which of these cities is marked on the map?

1,958

3

The image is a map of the northeastern United States, with the states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut highlighted in green. The map also shows the Atlantic Ocean to the east of the states. There is a yellow dot on the coast of Maine, indicating a specific location or point of interest. The map has a simple design with no labels or additional information provided.

[ "Pittsburgh", "New York City", "Washington, D.C.", "Boston" ]

closed choice

middle

What is the name of the colony shown?

1,986

0

The image is a map of the United States, with a focus on the eastern region. The states are colored in shades of green, with darker green indicating more densely populated areas. The map also shows bodies of water, such as the Atlantic Ocean and the Great Lakes, in blue. The map does not include any labels or names of the states, making it difficult to identify specific locations without prior knowledge of the geography of the United States.

[ "Pennsylvania", "Virginia", "South Carolina", "Massachusetts" ]

closed choice

middle

Which i in column 2?

1,992

0

The image appears to be a stylized, simplified representation of a city layout, possibly from a board game or a simulation. It is divided into a grid with three columns and three rows, each cell representing a different area or zone within the city. In the top left corner, there is a grocery store depicted in yellow with a shopping cart icon. Adjacent to it, in the center of the top row, is a library represented by a red building with an open book symbol. To the right of the library, in the top right corner, is a park shown in green with a tree icon. The middle row starts with a restaurant on the left, indicated by an orange building with a fork and knife symbol. In the center of the middle row is a police department represented by a blue building with a badge symbol. On the right side of the middle row, there is another park, similar to the one in the top right corner. The bottom row mirrors the top and middle rows with a grocery store on the left, a library in the center, and a park on the right. Each zone has a distinct color scheme and iconography that suggests its function within the city. The overall style of the image is cartoonish and playful, with simple shapes and bright colors.

[ "the police department", "the grocery store", "the restaurant", "the park" ]

closed choice

middle

Which term matches the picture?

16

1

The image shows a 3D model of a human skeleton. The skeleton is depicted in white, with the spine highlighted in blue. The skeleton is shown from the front view, with the head at the top and the pelvis at the bottom. The ribcage is visible, as well as the bones of the arms and legs. The model is anatomically correct, showing the different bones that make up the human skeletal system.

[ "appendicular skeleton", "axial skeleton" ]

Read the text. You may think of the human skeleton as one big collection of bones (206 to be exact), but it actually consists of two parts: the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton is made up of the bones and cartilage of the head and torso, including the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage. It protects most of our vital organs, like the brain and heart, and supports the weight of our bodies. In contrast, the bones in our appendicular skeleton allow us to move. They include the bone and cartilage in our limbs, like the bones in our arms and feet.

closed choice

middle

Is the following statement about our solar system true or false? The volume of Mars is more than three times as large as Mercury's.

19

0

The image is a table with two columns. The first column lists various volumes in billions of km3, ranging from 60 to 1,431.280. The second column lists the primary component of each volume, with the majority being "rock" and a few being "gas" or "ice".

[ "false", "true" ]

Use the data to answer the question below.

true-or false

middle

Which term matches the picture?

24

1

The image shows a group of ice cubes floating on water. The ice cubes are clear and have a cube shape with rounded edges. They are arranged in a way that some are partially submerged in the water, while others are fully above the surface. The water has small ripples and reflections from the light source. The background is a plain, dark color, which contrasts with the bright and reflective nature of the ice cubes and water.

[ "chemical change", "physical change" ]

Read the text. When a substance goes through a physical change, its form or shape changes, but its chemical composition does not. For example, when water freezes and becomes a solid, its form changes, but it is still made up of the same molecules. In a chemical change, by contrast, one or more of the molecules in a substance changes. For example, when vinegar is mixed with baking soda, water and carbon dioxide molecules form.

closed choice

middle

Which animal's skin is better adapted as a warning sign to ward off predators?

88

0

The image shows a close-up of a sea slug, also known as a nudibranch. The sea slug has a long, slender body with a pointed head and two long, thin tentacles extending from its back. Its body is covered in small, round bumps or tubercles that are a mix of orange and brown colors. The sea slug appears to be swimming through the water, with its body slightly curved and its tentacles trailing behind. The background is a dark, solid color, which makes the sea slug stand out prominently in the image.

[ "flamboyant cuttlefish", "impala" ]

Opalescent nudibranchs have stinging cells in their brightly colored skin. The bright colors serve as a warning sign that the animal is toxic and dangerous. The 's skin is adapted to ward off predators. Figure: opalescent nudibranch.

closed choice

middle

Is the following statement about our solar system true or false? The volume of Earth is more than ten times the volume of Mercury.

196

0

The image is a table that lists the volume of each planet in our solar system, measured in cubic kilometers (km³). The table also includes the primary composition of each planet, which can be either rock, gas, or ice. The planets listed in the table are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. The table is organized with the planets listed in order of their distance from the sun, with Mercury being the closest and Neptune being the farthest. The table has a green header and footer, with the main body of the table being white.

[ "true", "false" ]

Use the data to answer the question below.

true-or false

difficult

Which animal is also adapted to be camouflaged in a sandy desert?

222

1

The image shows a single camel standing on a sandy terrain with sparse vegetation. The camel appears to be looking directly at the camera, and its hump is prominent, indicating it may be well-nourished. The background features a clear sky and distant mountains, suggesting a desert environment. The camel's coat is a light brown color, which is typical for camels as it provides camouflage in their natural habitat. There are no other animals or people visible in the image, giving a sense of solitude.

[ "kingsnake", "horned viper" ]

Camels live in dry places such as deserts. The is adapted to be camouflaged in a sandy desert. Figure: camel.

closed choice

middle

Complete the statement. Propane is ().

248

1

The image shows a molecular structure with four carbon atoms (represented by the black spheres) connected by single bonds. Each carbon atom is bonded to three other atoms, two of which are hydrogen atoms (represented by the smaller white spheres). The arrangement of the atoms forms a symmetrical pattern with two hydrogen atoms on each side of the carbon atoms. The overall structure appears to be a simple alkane molecule.

[ "an elementary substance", "a compound" ]

The model below represents a molecule of propane. Propane is used as fuel for heaters, engines, and outdoor grills.

closed choice

middle

Look at the picture. Which word best describes the sound this hammer makes?

269

2

The image shows a person's hand holding a hammer with a wooden handle and a metal head. The person is wearing a plaid shirt, and the background features a wooden fence with vertical slats. The person appears to be in the process of nailing something into the fence, as their hand is positioned near the top of the fence and the hammer is raised, ready to strike.

[ "buzzing", "dripping", "banging" ]

closed choice

middle

Is an empty glass a solid, a liquid, or a gas?

290

2

The image shows a tall, slender glass bottle with a slightly tapered design. The bottle appears to be made of clear glass and has a smooth, reflective surface. It is standing upright against a plain background, which emphasizes its elegant shape. There are no visible markings or labels on the bottle, and it is empty, with no contents visible through the glass. The overall impression is one of simplicity and minimalism.

[ "a gas", "a liquid", "a solid" ]

closed choice

middle

Why might covering its eggs with its body increase the reproductive success of a snail leech? Complete the claim below that answers this question and is best supported by the passage. Covering its eggs with its body increases the chances that ().

345

0

The image shows a close-up view of a leaf with small, brown insects on its surface. The leaf appears to be green and has a slightly wavy texture. The insects are scattered across the leaf, some appearing to be clustered together while others are more spread out. The background is a neutral gray color, which contrasts with the colors of the leaf and insects.

[ "the leech's eggs will hatch", "the leech will not eat for up to a week", "the leech will fight a water snail" ]

Animals often behave in certain ways that can increase their reproductive success. Read the passage about a specific animal behavior. Then, follow the instructions below. The snail leech is a type of worm that often lives in freshwater streams. After reproduces, it attaches its eggs to a rock at the bottom of the stream. The leech then flattens its body over its eggs to protect them. The leech protects its eggs until they hatch, which takes four to seven days. During this time, the leech does not leave the eggs or eat. Water snails are predators that eat leech eggs. The snails easily eat eggs that are not covered by an adult leech. But snails cannot easily get to eggs that are covered by a leech. Figure: a snail leech.

closed choice

middle

Is the wind turning a pinwheel a solid, a liquid, or a gas?

352

1

The image shows a colorful pinwheel with a yellow center and eight petals in various colors such as red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple, pink, and white. The pinwheel is attached to a thin, brown stick that extends from the bottom of the image. The background is a soft, pale blue color with a subtle circular pattern. The overall appearance of the image is playful and whimsical.

[ "a solid", "a gas", "a liquid" ]

closed choice

middle

What can a fertilized egg grow into?

393

0

The image is a diagram that illustrates the life cycle of a fern plant. It shows various stages of the plant's growth, starting with spores that develop into small, heart-shaped structures called prothallus. The prothallus then grows roots and eventually produces a mature fern plant with green fronds. The diagram also includes arrows to indicate the direction of growth and development from one stage to the next.

[ "a mature fern", "a heart-shaped plant" ]

This diagram shows the life cycle of a fern.

closed choice

middle

Which bird's beak is also adapted to crack large, hard nuts?

412

1

The image shows a close-up of a colorful bird, likely a parrot or a lorikeet, with vibrant green feathers covering its head and back. The bird has a distinctive red crest on top of its head, and its face is a mix of white and black colors with some orange around the beak area. It has a long, curved black beak that is typical of birds in the parrot family. The background is blurred, drawing focus to the bird itself, and it appears to be a natural outdoor setting with green hues, suggesting foliage. The bird's eye is open and looking slightly to the side, giving it a curious and alert expression.

[ "western kingbird", "Alexandrine parakeet" ]

Military macaws live in the forests of Central and South America. They eat large seeds and nuts. The shape of the 's beak is adapted to crack open large, hard nuts. Figure: military macaw.

closed choice

middle

Complete the sentence. The word "antebellum" means ().

447

3

The image shows a table with four columns, each containing a word or phrase. The first column has the word "before" in bold letters, followed by the word "something." The second column has the word "be" in bold letters, followed by the word "entered" in smaller font size. The third column has the word "re" in bold letters, followed by the word "thing" in smaller font size. The fourth column has the word "or" in bold letters, followed by the word "ru" in smaller font size. The background of the table is yellow, and the text is in black.

[ "before the feast", "after the long peace", "after the election", "before the war" ]

The time period in United States history between 1820 and 1861 is often called the antebellum period. During the antebellum period, the North and South became more divided. In the following questions, you learn more about the changes that happened during the antebellum period. The following table shows other words that use the Latin root words ante and bellum. Look at the table. Then complete the text below.

closed choice

middle

What can Nina and Estelle trade to each get what they want?

450

2

The image shows a list of items with bullet points next to them. The items listed are "a hot dog," "tomatoes," "almonds," and "water." The background color of the image is pink, and the text is in white.

[ "Estelle can trade her broccoli for Nina's oranges.", "Estelle can trade her almonds for Nina's tomatoes.", "Nina can trade her tomatoes for Estelle's broccoli.", "Nina can trade her tomatoes for Estelle's carrots." ]

Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another. Nina and Estelle open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Neither Nina nor Estelle got everything that they wanted. The table below shows which items they each wanted: Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below. Nina's lunch Estelle's lunch

closed choice

middle

Identify the question that Terrence's experiment can best answer.

458

1

The image shows four volumetric flasks containing a yellow liquid, possibly a chemical solution. The flasks are wrapped in aluminum foil at the top and have measurement markings on the side indicating volumes of 50 ml, 100 ml, and 250 ml. The flasks are placed on a reflective surface, and the background is white.

[ "Does temperature affect how much bacteria can grow in liquid?", "Do more bacteria grow in liquid with cinnamon than in liquid without cinnamon?" ]

The passage below describes an experiment. Read the passage and then follow the instructions below. Terrence mixed bacteria into a nutrient-rich liquid where the bacteria could grow. He poured four ounces of the mixture into each of ten glass flasks. In five of the ten flasks, he also added one teaspoon of cinnamon. He allowed the bacteria in the flasks to grow overnight in a 37°C room. Then, Terrence used a microscope to count the number of bacteria in a small sample from each flask. He compared the amount of bacteria in the liquid with cinnamon to the amount of bacteria in the liquid without cinnamon. Figure: flasks of liquid for growing bacteria.

closed choice

middle

Complete the statement. Hydrogen sulfide is ().

472

1

The image shows a yellow circle with a black letter "S" in the center. The circle is outlined in black and has two black lines extending from the top, creating a shape that resembles a face or mask. The background of the image is white.

[ "an elementary substance", "a compound" ]

The model below represents a molecule of hydrogen sulfide. Hydrogen sulfide is a poisonous gas that is produced by some types of bacteria found in swamps and marshes.

closed choice

middle

Will these magnets attract or repel each other?

500

1

The image is completely white and does not contain any visible elements or objects. It appears to be a blank space with no content or description.

[ "attract", "repel" ]

Two magnets are placed as shown.

closed choice

middle

What is the name of the colony shown?

527

2

The image is a map of the United States, with the state of Maine highlighted in green. The map shows the outline of the country, with the states bordering Maine also visible. The ocean is depicted in blue on the right side of the map, indicating that Maine is located on the northeastern coast of the United States.

[ "West Virginia", "Illinois", "Pennsylvania", "Iowa" ]

closed choice

difficult

Which of the following could Edward's test show?

561

1

The image shows a person wearing a pink shirt and glasses, working on a whiteboard with various colored markers. The individual appears to be in the process of writing or drawing something on the board. The setting looks like an office environment, as suggested by the presence of what seems to be office furniture and equipment in the background. The person is focused on their task, indicating a professional or work-related activity.

[ "which design would have the least traffic noise in the concert area", "which design would have the greatest distance between the concert area and the road", "if at least 20% of the park would be shaded by trees in each design" ]

People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. The passage below describes how the engineering-design process was used to test a solution to a problem. Read the passage. Then answer the question below. Edward was a landscape architect who was hired to design a new city park. The city council wanted the park to have space for outdoor concerts and to have at least 20% of the park shaded by trees. Edward thought the concert area should be at least 150 meters from the road so traffic noise didn't interrupt the music. He developed three possible designs for the park with the concert area in a different location in each design. Then, he tested each design by measuring the distance between the road and the concert area. Figure: studying an architect's design.

closed choice

middle

Complete the sentence. The Japan Trench formed at a () boundary.

575

1

The image is a map of the ocean floor, showing the location of the Okhotsk Plate, Japan Trench, and Pacific Plate. The Okhotsk Plate is located in the top left corner of the map, with the Japan Trench running diagonally from the top right to the bottom left. The Pacific Plate is shown in the bottom right corner of the map. The map also shows various underwater mountains and valleys, with different shades of blue representing the depth of the water.

[ "divergent", "convergent", "transform" ]

Read the passage and look at the picture. The Japan Trench is a deep-sea trench east of the islands of Japan. The trench formed as the Pacific Plate subducted, or sank, below the Okhotsk Plate. The two plates continue to move toward each other. This movement can cause devastating earthquakes in Japan, such as a magnitude 9.0 earthquake that occurred on March 11, 2011.

closed choice

middle

Select the fish below.

656

0

The image shows a large, grayish-green fish with a long snout and two small, whisker-like appendages on either side of its mouth. The fish has a broad, flat head and a streamlined body that tapers towards the tail. It appears to be swimming in shallow water with a sandy bottom and some scattered rocks. The fish's eyes are small and round, and it has a wide, downturned mouth. The overall appearance of the fish suggests it is a species adapted for life in murky, slow-moving waters.

[ "manta ray", "red-tailed hawk" ]

Fish live underwater. They have fins, not limbs. A catfish is an example of a fish.

closed choice

middle

What is the name of the colony shown?

674

2

The image is a map of the eastern United States, with the states highlighted in green. The states included are Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, New York, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine. The map also shows parts of Canada to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. The map has a simple design with no labels or additional information provided.

[ "Washington, D.C.", "Michigan", "Maryland", "Illinois" ]

closed choice

middle

Will these magnets attract or repel each other?

675

1

The image is completely white with no visible elements or features. It appears to be a blank space without any content or context.

[ "attract", "repel" ]

Two magnets are placed as shown.

closed choice

difficult

Which of these states is farthest west?

682

3

The image is a map of the United States, with each state colored in green. The states are labeled with their names, such as New Mexico, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. The map also shows the borders of each state, as well as the surrounding bodies of water, including the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean.

[ "New Mexico", "Pennsylvania", "Virginia", "Idaho" ]

closed choice

middle

Select the fish below.

707

0

The image shows a small orange and white clownfish swimming among green sea anemones. The clownfish has a distinctive white stripe running through its eye, and its fins are a bright orange color. The sea anemones have long, thin tentacles that are a vibrant green color, and they appear to be swaying gently in the water. The clownfish is positioned in the center of the image, with the sea anemones surrounding it on all sides. The overall scene gives the impression of a peaceful underwater environment.

[ "whale shark", "green iguana", "ostrich", "Hermann's tortoise" ]

Fish live underwater. They have fins, not limbs. Fish are cold-blooded. The body temperature of cold-blooded animals depends on their environment. A clownfish is an example of a fish.

closed choice

middle

Which solution has a higher concentration of green particles?

760

2

The image shows two flasks, each containing a green solution. The flask on the left is labeled "Solution A" and has a volume of 40 mL. The flask on the right is also labeled "Solvent volume: 40 mL". Both flasks have a blue background and are filled with green spheres representing the solute.

[ "Solution B", "neither; their concentrations are the same", "Solution A" ]

The diagram below is a model of two solutions. Each green ball represents one particle of solute.

closed choice

middle

Which animal's skin is better adapted as a warning sign to ward off predators?

831

0

The image shows a fish with a unique pattern of blue and yellow stripes on its body, with a white background. The fish has a round head and a long, pointed tail. It is swimming in an aquarium with small rocks and pebbles on the bottom. The fish appears to be a type of freshwater cichlid, known for their bright colors and distinctive patterns.

[ "fire salamander", "peppered moth" ]

Sharpnose-puffers are poisonous animals with brightly colored skin. The bright color serves as a warning sign that the animal is poisonous. The 's skin is adapted to ward off predators. Figure: sharpnose-puffer.

closed choice

middle

Look at the picture. Which word best describes how this feather feels to the touch?

906

0

The image shows a single feather with a brown and gold color gradient. The feather has a long, thin stem that tapers off into a delicate web of barbs at the end. The barbs are arranged in a symmetrical pattern, creating a soft, fluffy appearance. The background is a plain white, which contrasts with the warm colors of the feather and makes it stand out. The feather appears to be slightly curved, giving the impression of movement or wind blowing through it.

[ "soft", "heavy", "bumpy" ]

closed choice

middle

What can Patrick and Isabelle trade to each get what they want?

976

2

The image shows two green plastic containers filled with food, placed on a black surface. The container on the left contains a sandwich made with white bread and what appears to be ham or turkey as the filling. There is also a small bottle of water next to the sandwich. The container on the right contains a variety of vegetables including broccoli, carrots, and what looks like cherry tomatoes. There are also some almonds scattered around the vegetables. The overall presentation of the food is neat and organized.

[ "Isabelle can trade her almonds for Patrick's tomatoes.", "Patrick can trade his tomatoes for Isabelle's sandwich.", "Patrick can trade his tomatoes for Isabelle's broccoli.", "Isabelle can trade her broccoli for Patrick's oranges." ]

Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another. Patrick and Isabelle open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Both of them could be happier with their lunches. Patrick wanted broccoli in his lunch and Isabelle was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below.

closed choice

middle

Which of these states is farthest north?

999

3

The image is a map of the United States, with each state represented by a different color. The states are labeled with their names, such as Missouri, Texas, Mississippi, and North Carolina. The map also shows the borders between states and the surrounding bodies of water, including the Pacific Ocean on the west coast and the Atlantic Ocean on the east coast. The map appears to be a simplified version, without any additional geographical features or labels.

[ "North Carolina", "Texas", "Mississippi", "Missouri" ]

closed choice

middle

Select the fish below.

1,016

3

The image shows a great white shark swimming underwater. The shark's mouth is closed, and its dorsal fin is visible above the water surface. The water is a deep blue color, indicating that the photo was taken in deeper waters. The shark appears to be swimming towards the camera, with its eyes focused ahead. The image captures the power and majesty of this incredible creature.

[ "European green toad", "green chameleon", "zebra", "porcupinefish" ]

Fish live underwater. They have fins, not limbs. Fish are cold-blooded. The body temperature of cold-blooded animals depends on their environment. A great white shark is an example of a fish.

closed choice

middle

Is the following statement about our solar system true or false? Neptune's volume is more than 50 times as great as that of Earth.

1,022

0

The image is a table with two columns. The first column lists various volumes in billions of km, ranging from 60 to 1,431,280. The second column lists the primary component of each volume, with the majority being "rock" and a few being "gas" or "ice".

[ "true", "false" ]

Use the data to answer the question below.

true-or false

middle

Which animal's feet are also adapted to walk on snow and ice?

1,027

1

The image shows a close-up of a cat's paw. The paw is brown and has four visible toes with black pads on the bottom. The background is blurred, but it appears to be a white surface, possibly a table or a bed. The cat's fur is also visible in the background, suggesting that the cat may be lying down or resting. The focus of the image is on the details of the cat's paw, highlighting its texture and color.

[ "horse", "brown bear" ]

Snow leopards live in the snowy mountains of central Asia. The 's feet are adapted for walking on snow and ice. Figure: snow leopard.

closed choice

middle

Which bird's beak is also adapted to tear through meat?

1,046

1

The image shows a close-up of a bird, specifically a Marabou Stork. The bird has a large, black beak and a white head with some grey feathers around its neck. Its eyes are small and black, and it appears to be looking slightly to the side. The background is a solid green color, which contrasts with the bird's white and grey feathers.

[ "hoopoe", "bald eagle" ]

White-backed vultures are scavengers. They find and eat the bodies of dead animals. The shape of the 's beak is adapted to tear through meat. Figure: white-backed vulture.

closed choice

middle

Which of the following could Brett's test show?

1,075

0

The image shows a close-up view of water droplets on a red surface. The droplets are spherical and have a reflective quality, with some appearing to be larger and more elongated than others. In the top left corner, there is a transparent circular object that could be a glass or plastic lens, which is causing a distortion in the appearance of the droplets behind it. The red surface has a smooth texture and appears to be wet, with some areas showing a darker shade of red where the water has collected. The overall mood of the image is calm and serene, with a focus on the beauty of water in its natural state.

[ "how long it would take the sample fabric to dry after it absorbed one drop of water", "how much athletes would sweat in the fabric", "if the sample fabric would absorb one drop of water in less than one second" ]

People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. The passage below describes how the engineering-design process was used to test a solution to a problem. Read the passage. Then answer the question below. Brett, a materials engineer, was developing a quick-drying fabric for athletic clothing. The fabric needed to absorb one drop of water in less than one second and dry completely in less than five minutes. Brett thought a fabric made from cotton and polyester would both absorb water well and dry quickly. But he needed to decide what percentage of each material to use. So, he made a sample fabric that was 50% cotton and 50% polyester. Then he put one drop of water on the sample. He timed how long it took the fabric to dry after the water was absorbed. Figure: fabric that has not absorbed drops of water.

closed choice

middle

Is the following statement about our solar system true or false? Half of the planets are made mainly of gas or ice.

1,185

1

The image is a table with two columns. The first column lists volumes in billions of km3, ranging from 60 to 1,431.280. The second column lists the primary component of each volume, with "rock" being the most common, followed by "gas" and "ice".

[ "false", "true" ]

Use the data to answer the question below.

true-or false

middle

Which animal's limbs are also adapted for swimming?

1,189

0

The image shows a sea lion lying on its side on a rocky surface covered with seaweed. The sea lion has a light-colored body with darker spots. In the background, there is a body of water with waves crashing against the rocks. The sea lion appears to be resting or sunbathing in the sunlight.

[ "sea turtle", "ostrich" ]

Harbor seals live along the coasts of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. They spend a lot of time hunting fish at sea. The has four flippers for limbs. Its limbs are adapted for swimming. Figure: harbor seal.

closed choice

middle

Select the organism in the same genus as the Victoria crowned pigeon.

1,197

1

The image shows a peacock standing on a rock. The peacock has a vibrant blue body with a greenish-blue crest on its head. Its tail feathers are spread out in a fan-like display, showcasing the intricate patterns and colors of the feathers. The background is blurred, drawing focus to the peacock itself.

[ "Aequorea victoria", "Goura scheepmakeri", "Strix aluco" ]

This organism is a Victoria crowned pigeon. Its scientific name is Goura victoria.

closed choice

middle

Can Rafflesia arnoldii cells make their own food?

1,199

1

The image shows a large, red Rafflesia flower with its petals spread open. The flower is known for being the largest individual flower in the world and for having the strongest and most unpleasant odor. The petals are thick and have a textured surface with small bumps. The center of the flower is hollow and has a darker red color. The flower is surrounded by fallen leaves on the ground, indicating that it may be growing in a forested area.

[ "no", "yes" ]

This organism is Rafflesia arnoldii. It is a member of the plant kingdom. Rafflesia arnoldii has the largest flowers in the world. A single flower can be three feet wide! R. arnoldii is commonly called a corpse flower because the flower smells like rotting meat.

yes or no

middle

Select the organism in the same species as the cocoi heron.

1,253

2

The image shows a large bird, possibly a crane or stork, in flight. The bird has a long neck and a distinctive black and white pattern on its wings. It is flying over a lush green landscape with dense foliage and some scattered leaves on the ground. The bird appears to be in motion, with its wings spread wide and its legs tucked in. The background is blurred, drawing attention to the bird as the main subject of the image.

[ "Falco peregrinus", "Tyto alba", "Ardea cocoi" ]

This organism is a cocoi heron. Its scientific name is Ardea cocoi.

closed choice

difficult

Which animal's feet are also adapted for grabbing prey?

1,256

0

The image shows a bald eagle in flight, with its wings spread wide and talons extended downwards. The eagle has white feathers on its head and tail, with the rest of its body covered in dark brown feathers. Its eyes are focused ahead, and it appears to be flying over a body of water. The background is blurred, drawing attention to the eagle as the main subject of the image.

[ "common buzzard", "sable" ]

Bald eagles eat fish, mammals, and other birds. The 's feet are adapted for grabbing prey. Figure: bald eagle.

closed choice

difficult

Which material is this jar made of?

1,257

1

The image shows a blue plastic bottle with a white label. The label has a slight reflection on it, indicating that it is glossy. The bottle appears to be standing upright and is likely made of a lightweight material commonly used for packaging beverages or other liquid products. The cap of the bottle is not visible in the image.

[ "cotton", "metal" ]

closed choice

middle

Which animal's neck is also adapted for hunting prey while keeping the rest of its body still?

1,302

1

The image shows a close-up of a bird, specifically a Great Blue Heron, with its long, curved neck and distinctive blue-gray plumage. The heron's head is turned to the side, revealing its sharp, pointed beak and bright yellow eyes. The background is a blurred blue, suggesting that the heron is standing near water. The heron's chest feathers are slightly ruffled, adding texture to the image.

[ "blue-footed booby", "painted stork" ]

Great blue herons live near wetlands and lakes. They eat mostly fish. The 's neck helps it grab fish while keeping the rest of its body still. If the heron had to move its body, it might scare the fish away. Figure: great blue heron.

closed choice

middle

Will these magnets attract or repel each other?

1,303

1

The image is completely white with no visible elements or objects. It appears to be a blank space with no content or description.

[ "attract", "repel" ]

Two magnets are placed as shown.

closed choice

difficult

Look at the models of molecules below. Select the elementary substance.

1,318

2

The image shows three different molecular structures, each consisting of blue and red spheres connected by lines. The blue spheres represent nitrogen atoms (N) and the red spheres represent oxygen atoms (O). The first structure on the left has two nitrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, the second structure in the middle has one nitrogen atom and one oxygen atom, and the third structure on the right has one nitrogen atom and two oxygen atoms. Below the structures, there is a label that reads "nitrogen," indicating that the blue spheres represent nitrogen atoms.

[ "propane", "ethanol", "nitrogen" ]

closed choice

middle

Which of these states is farthest south?

1,376

2

The image is a map of the United States, with each state colored in green. The states of Colorado, Michigan, and Vermont are highlighted in a darker shade of green. The map also shows the borders of each state, as well as the coastline along the Atlantic Ocean. The map does not include any labels or names of the states, but the overall layout and design suggest it is a simplified representation of the United States.

[ "Michigan", "Vermont", "Colorado", "Maine" ]

closed choice

difficult

What is the name of the colony shown?

1,393

0

The image is a map of the United States, with the states colored in green and the oceans in blue. The map is centered on the eastern coast of the United States, with the Atlantic Ocean to the right and the Great Lakes to the left. The states are outlined in white, making it easy to distinguish between them. The map has a simple and clean design, with no labels or text overlaying the map.

[ "Rhode Island", "Tennessee", "West Virginia", "Ohio" ]

closed choice

middle

Select the organism in the same genus as the European hedgehog.

1,424

0

The image shows a hedgehog standing on a rock. The hedgehog has a spiky brown and white coat, with a round body and small legs. Its head is turned to the side, showing its small ears and black eyes. The background is blurred, but it appears to be a natural setting with greenery.

[ "Erinaceus europaeus", "Sciurus vulgaris", "Lepus americanus" ]

This organism is a European hedgehog. Its scientific name is Erinaceus europaeus.

closed choice

middle

Is the following statement about our solar system true or false? The volume of Mars is more than three times as large as Mercury's.

1,461

0

The image is a table with two columns. The first column lists various volumes in billions of km3, ranging from 60 to 1,431,280. The second column lists the primary component of each volume, with all but one being "rock" and the last one being "ice". The table appears to be comparing the volume of different types of rock and ice.

[ "false", "true" ]

Use the data to answer the question below.

true-or false

middle

During this time, thermal energy was transferred from () to ().

1,470

1

The image shows a yellow bar with the word "temperature" written in white text. The background of the image is white, and there is a thin black line separating the yellow bar from the rest of the image. The text is centered on the yellow bar and is in all lowercase letters.

[ "each bottle . . . the surroundings", "the surroundings . . . each bottle" ]

Two bottles of soda were sitting on a porch on a hot day. The two bottles were identical, except that one bottle was made of brown glass and one bottle was made of clear glass. This table shows how the temperature of each bottle changed over 25minutes.

closed choice

middle

Complete the sentence. The word "antebellum" means ().

1,504

2

The image is a screenshot of a text conversation or document with four lines of text. The first line reads "before something," the second line reads "bellig before something," the third line reads "be entered before a," and the fourth line reads "rething before it or ru." The text appears to be a combination of words that are not complete sentences, and some of the words are misspelled or not in proper English. The background of the text is white, and there is a blue border at the top of the image.

[ "after the long peace", "after the election", "before the war", "before the feast" ]

The time period in United States history between 1820 and 1861 is often called the antebellum period. During the antebellum period, the North and South became more divided. In the following questions, you learn more about the changes that happened during the antebellum period. The following table shows other words that use the Latin root words ante and bellum. Look at the table. Then complete the text below.

closed choice

middle

Select the organism in the same genus as the smooth newt.

1,560

0

The image shows a brown and black salamander with yellow spots on its back, lying on a rocky surface. The salamander has a long tail, four legs, and a small head with eyes. The background is blurred, but it appears to be a natural outdoor setting with greenery.

[ "Lissotriton helveticus", "Taricha torosa", "Ambystoma opacum" ]

This organism is a smooth newt. Its scientific name is Lissotriton vulgaris.

closed choice

difficult

Look at the models of molecules below. Select the elementary substance.

1,563

0

The image shows a 2D representation of the molecule trichlorofluoromethane. The molecule consists of one central carbon atom (represented by a black circle) bonded to three chlorine atoms (represented by green circles) and one fluorine atom (represented by a red circle). The atoms are connected by lines, indicating the bonds between them. Below the molecule, there is a legend that explains the color coding for each element: red for oxygen, green for chlorine, blue for silicon, and black for carbon.

[ "oxygen", "silane", "trichlorofluoromethane" ]

closed choice

middle

Based on the timeline, which of the following statements is true?

1,584

0

The image shows two blue rectangular boxes with text inside them. The box on the left reads "Buddhism ca. 500 BCE" and the box on the right reads "Chr." There is an arrow pointing from the first box to the second box, indicating a connection or relationship between the two. Below the boxes, there is a timeline that spans from 500 BCE to 1 CE, with the Buddhism box placed at approximately 500 BCE on the timeline. The overall image appears to be a visual representation of the historical timeline of Buddhism and its possible influence on Christianity.

[ "Buddhism began more than 1,000 years before Islam.", "Buddhism began about 300 years after Judaism." ]

The following timeline shows the approximate dates when several world religions began. Look at the timeline. Then answer the question below.

closed choice

difficult

Which solution has a higher concentration of pink particles?

1,593

2

The image shows two beakers, each containing a solution with purple spheres dispersed throughout. The beaker on the left is labeled "Solution A" and has a volume of 35 mL. The beaker on the right is labeled "Solvent volume: 35 mL" and also contains a solution with a volume of 35 mL. Both solutions appear to have the same concentration of purple spheres.

[ "neither; their concentrations are the same", "Solution B", "Solution A" ]

The diagram below is a model of two solutions. Each pink ball represents one particle of solute.

closed choice

difficult

Is the following statement about our solar system true or false? There are twice as many ice planets as rocky planets.

1,640

1

The image is a table with two columns. The first column lists various volumes in billions of km3, ranging from 60 to 1,431,280. The second column lists the primary component of each volume, with "rock" being the most common, followed by "gas" and "ice".

[ "true", "false" ]

Use the data to answer the question below.

true-or false

middle

Complete the text to describe the diagram. Solute particles moved in both directions across the permeable membrane. But more solute particles moved across the membrane (). When there was an equal concentration on both sides, the particles reached equilibrium.

1,695

0

The image shows two sets of data points, each set consisting of 10 green dots. The top set is arranged in a more scattered pattern, with the dots spread out across the blue background. The bottom set is more tightly clustered, with the dots grouped together in the center of the blue background. There is an arrow pointing downwards between the two sets, indicating a transition or change from the scattered arrangement to the clustered arrangement.

[ "to the right than to the left", "to the left than to the right" ]

The diagram below shows a solution with one solute. Each solute particle is represented by a green ball. The solution fills a closed container that is divided in half by a membrane. The membrane, represented by a dotted line, is permeable to the solute particles. The diagram shows how the solution can change over time during the process of diffusion.

closed choice

middle

What can Dustin and Myra trade to each get what they want?

1,699

2

The image shows a list of items with bullet points. The items listed are "a hot dog," "tomatoes," "almonds," and "water." The background is pink, and the text is white.

[ "Myra can trade her almonds for Dustin's tomatoes.", "Myra can trade her broccoli for Dustin's oranges.", "Dustin can trade his tomatoes for Myra's broccoli.", "Dustin can trade his tomatoes for Myra's carrots." ]

Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another. Dustin and Myra open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Neither Dustin nor Myra got everything that they wanted. The table below shows which items they each wanted: Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below. Dustin's lunch Myra's lunch

closed choice

difficult

Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?

1,797

0

The image shows a solitary tree with twisted and gnarled branches growing out of a rocky hillside. The tree appears to be weathered and resilient, with its roots firmly anchored in the cracks of the rocks. In the background, there is a hazy sky with clouds, suggesting that the location may be at a high altitude or in a remote area. The overall mood of the image is one of rugged beauty and the resilience of nature.

[ "climate", "weather" ]

Figure: Yorkshire Dales. Yorkshire Dales is a National Park in England. The prevailing winds tend to come from the west. As a result, some of the trees in the park grow at an angle. Hint: Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place.

closed choice

middle

Which statement describes the Sahara Desert ecosystem?

1,827

0

The image depicts a serene desert landscape during what appears to be either sunrise or sunset, given the warm golden hues of the sunlight. The sky is clear with a few scattered clouds, and the sun's position low on the horizon creates long shadows and a sense of tranquility. In the foreground, there are several tall palm trees with fronds that are silhouetted against the bright sky, indicating they are closer to the viewer than the sun. The sand has tracks and ripples, suggesting recent movement across its surface, possibly by wind or animals. The overall scene conveys a sense of vastness and the harsh yet beautiful conditions of desert life.

[ "It has many different types of organisms.", "It has warm, wet summers." ]

Figure: Sahara Desert. The Sahara Desert in northern Africa is the largest hot desert in the world. Less than one-fifth of this desert is covered in sand dunes. Most of the Sahara Desert is covered by bare rock, gravel, and pebbles!

closed choice

very_difficult

Look at the models of molecules below. Select the elementary substance.

1,843

2

The image shows three different chemical compounds, each represented by a simple molecular model. The models use colored spheres to represent atoms and lines to represent bonds between them. On the left side of the image, there is a compound with a green sphere and a purple sphere connected by a line, labeled as "thiane." This suggests the presence of a sulfur atom (traditionally represented by the color green in such models) and an iodine atom (represented by purple), indicating that thiane could be a type of sulfide containing iodine. In the middle, there's a more complex structure with two purple spheres connected by a line, above and below a horizontal line, which also connects the purple spheres. This central compound is labeled "iodine," implying that it is composed of iodine atoms. The structure suggests a symmetrical di-iodine compound, possibly an alkyl or aryl iodide, where the iodine atoms are bonded to a carbon atom not shown in the model. Below the molecular models, there is a key that correlates the colors used in the models with their respective elements: green for fluorine (F), green for chlorine (Cl), and purple for iodine (I). This key helps in identifying the atoms in the molecular models, but it

[ "methane", "trichlorofluoromethane", "iodine" ]

closed choice

middle

What can Roger and Sebastian trade to each get what they want?

1,853

2

The image shows a list of items with blue bullet points. The items listed are "a hot dog," "tomatoes," "almonds," and "water." The background is white, and there is a yellow line on the left side of the image.

[ "Sebastian can trade his almonds for Roger's tomatoes.", "Sebastian can trade his broccoli for Roger's oranges.", "Roger can trade his tomatoes for Sebastian's broccoli.", "Roger can trade his tomatoes for Sebastian's carrots." ]

Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another. Roger and Sebastian open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Neither Roger nor Sebastian got everything that they wanted. The table below shows which items they each wanted: Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below. Roger's lunch Sebastian's lunch

closed choice

middle

What is the name of the colony shown?

1,872

0

The image is a map of the eastern coast of the United States. The states are colored in green, with the exception of Virginia, which is colored in a darker shade of green. The map also shows the Atlantic Ocean to the east of the states. The map does not include any labels or names of the states.

[ "Maryland", "Washington, D.C.", "Iowa", "Alabama" ]

closed choice

middle

What is the expected ratio of offspring with dumbo ears to offspring with normal ears? Choose the most likely ratio.

1,879

1

The image shows a Punnett square, which is a genetic tool used to predict the possible offspring of two parents based on their genotypes. The square is divided into four sections, each representing a different combination of alleles from the parents. In this particular Punnett square, the letters "E" and "e" represent two different alleles for a certain trait. The uppercase "E" represents the dominant allele, while the lowercase "e" represents the recessive allele. The square shows all possible combinations of these alleles in the offspring, with the top left section representing the homozygous dominant genotype (EE), the top right section representing the heterozygous genotype (Ee), the bottom left section also representing the heterozygous genotype (Ee), and the bottom right section representing the homozygous recessive genotype (ee).

[ "0:4", "1:3", "3:1", "2:2", "4:0" ]

This passage describes the ear type trait in rats: Some rats have dumbo ears, which are larger and rounder than normal ears. Dumbo ears are also set on the sides of the rat's head instead of on the top. The word dumbo comes from the name of a cartoon elephant whose ears had a similar appearance. In a group of rats, some individuals have normal ears and others have dumbo ears. In this group, the gene for the ear type trait has two alleles. The allele for dumbo ears (e) is recessive to the allele for normal ears (E). This Punnett square shows a cross between two rats.

closed choice

middle

Is the following statement about our solar system true or false? There are twice as many ice planets as rocky planets.

1,881

0

The image is a table with two columns. The first column lists volumes in billions of km^3, ranging from 60 to 1,280. The second column lists the primary component of each volume, with all but one volume being "rock" and the remaining volume being "ice". The table appears to be organized in ascending order based on the volume.

[ "false", "true" ]

Use the data to answer the question below.

true-or false

middle

What is the capital of Kansas?

1,905

3

The image is a map of the United States, with each state represented by a different shade of green. The states are clearly labeled and outlined, making it easy to identify each one. The map does not include any other countries or regions, focusing solely on the United States. The overall design is simple and straightforward, with no additional graphics or decorations.

[ "Lincoln", "Frankfort", "Kansas City", "Topeka" ]

closed choice

middle

What is the capital of North Dakota?

2,011

3

The image is a map of the United States, with each state outlined in white. The entire map is colored in a solid shade of green. There are no labels or names of the states on the map. The map does not include any other geographical features such as rivers, mountains, or cities. The overall design is simple and minimalist, focusing solely on the shape and color of the states.

[ "Harrisburg", "Pierre", "Austin", "Bismarck" ]

closed choice

middle

What is the capital of Massachusetts?

5

3

The image is a map of the United States, with each state represented by a solid color. The colors used are shades of green, with darker greens representing states with larger populations and lighter greens representing states with smaller populations. The map does not include any labels or names of the states, making it difficult to identify specific states without prior knowledge of their shapes and locations. The map also does not include any geographical features such as mountains, rivers, or coastlines. Overall, the map provides a simplified representation of the United States, focusing on population density rather than physical geography.

[ "Plymouth", "Albany", "Wichita", "Boston" ]

closed choice

middle

Which of these continents does the equator intersect?

26

2

The image is a world map that shows the different continents and oceans. The continents are labeled in green, while the oceans are labeled in blue. The map also includes grid lines with coordinates to help locate specific places on the map. The map appears to be a flat earth map, as it shows the earth as a flat disc rather than a sphere. The map includes labels for the Arctic Ocean, North America, Europe, Asia, Africa, South America, Antarctica, the Southern Ocean, and the Antarctic Ocean.

[ "North America", "Australia", "Africa" ]

closed choice

middle

Look at the models of molecules below. Select the elementary substance.

129

1

The image shows three different molecular structures, each consisting of a central atom (red) bonded to two other atoms (green). The first structure on the left has a single bond between the central atom and one of the green atoms, while the second structure in the middle has a double bond between the central atom and one of the green atoms. The third structure on the right has a triple bond between the central atom and one of the green atoms. Each structure is labeled with the word "chlorine" at the bottom, indicating that the green atoms represent chlorine atoms. The central atoms are not labeled, but they are represented by a red dot. At the bottom of the image, there is a key that labels the red dot as "o" for oxygen and the green dot as "cl" for chlorine.

[ "carbon tetrachloride", "chlorine", "ethanol" ]

closed choice

middle

Which bird's beak is also adapted to get nectar out of long flowers?

135

1

The image shows a close-up of a green hummingbird with its long, curved beak pointing upwards. The bird's feathers are iridescent and have shades of blue and yellow. The background is blurred but appears to be a natural setting with greenery.

[ "snowy owl", "violet sabrewing" ]

Malachite sunbirds live in the coastal and hilly areas of South Africa. The shape of the 's beak is adapted to get nectar out of long flowers. Figure: malachite sunbird.

closed choice

middle

Select the statement that is supported by the data.

482

0

The image is a line graph that shows the global energy use per year from 1965 to 2005. The x-axis represents the years, while the y-axis represents the energy use in terawatt-hours (TWh). The graph shows an overall increasing trend in energy use over the 40-year period, with some fluctuations and dips along the way. The highest energy use occurs in 2005, reaching just over 14 TWh. The lowest energy use is in 1965, at just under 7 TWh. The graph has a blue background and the line representing the energy use is in a lighter blue color.

[ "Global energy use increased most years between 1965 and 2015.", "Humans used about the same amount of energy each year between 1965 and 2015." ]

Every day, humans all around the world use energy. They use energy to drive vehicles, heat and cool buildings, operate appliances, and manufacture products. The graph below shows global energy use per year from 1965 to 2015. Energy use is measured using the unit terawatt-hours (TWh). Figure: Data sources: Our World in Data and BP Statistical Review of World Energy.

closed choice