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one year and nine months
18. In January 2008 the applicant submitted a request to the Kaunas Regional Court to be released from serving the consolidated sentence. The applicant stated that he had nearly completed serving the term of suspension of the sentence for forgery by complying with the injunction imposed by the Court of Appeal. Accordi...
26 April 1984
21. The applicant appealed, stating, inter alia, that the deprivation of her property was unlawful. In particular, the Pushkinska flat was her private property and not that of the State and thus the provisions of the Housing Code, cited by the trial court, had been inapplicable to her situation and could not have serv...
eight months and five days
16. On 7 April 2005 the prosecutor returned the case to the investigator for additional investigative measures. Having obtained the endorsement of the St Petersburg City Prosecutor, the investigator requested a court to extend the applicant's custodial detention for one month until 5 May 2005 so that the aggregate ter...
the autumn of 2007
39. As to the concrete assessment of the second applicant’s case, the High Court observed that the criminal proceedings and the tax proceedings had in fact been conducted in parallel since as far back as the tax authorities’ complaint to the police in
20 February 2008
41. On 3 March 2008 the applicant was formally charged under Articles 225.1 § 2 and 316 § 2, as well as Articles 301 and 318 § 1 of the CC (see paragraphs 91, 94, 93 and 95 below), within the scope of criminal case no. 62202608, as follows: “...from
22 February 2010
14. On 14 April 1999 the investigator in the case instructed the police to verify whether B. and his two passengers of 18 June 1998 could have been involved in the murder and to identify the girl who had been seen with them. The police questioned those seen in the car and concluded that sufficient grounds did not exis...
24 December 2003
92. The second applicant submitted before the Regional Court that on 19 April 2004 he had been taken to the office of the military unit commander M.A. The Chief of the Fourth Battalion I.V. had also been present. The commander had started asking him questions about a parcel that he had received from his parents on
between 5 and 30 November 2007
20. On 3 December 2007 the Sarıyer public prosecutor’s office requested detailed information on incoming and outgoing calls pertaining to four telephone numbers which had been apparently used by the applicant and his sons in the period
16 April 2004
64. On 18 September 2009 investigator S. of the Garrison Prosecutor’s Office discontinued the criminal proceedings owing to lack of evidence that a crime had been committed. The decision was worded identically to the decision of
29 April 2011
11. On 10 December 2010 the Town Prosecutor asked the court to extend the applicant’s detention pending extradition until 30 April 2011 and on 17 December 2010 the Oktyabrskiy District Court of Yekaterinburg authorised the applicant’s detention until
12 March 2013
30. On 19 March 2013 the defence appealed against the decision of 13 March 2013. In addition to their initial arguments, they submitted that the first-instance court had incorrectly established the facts of the case, including in respect of the applicant’s arrest. Contrary to the case materials, they submitted, on
30 August 2004
95. On 13 May 2005 the Court of Cassation dismissed the applicant’s appeal. In doing so, the Court of Cassation stated: “The arguments raised in [the applicant’s] appeal concerning the violations committed by the prosecuting authority have been examined by the Court of Appeal. The court rightly stated that no evidence...
24 July 2002
9. On 21 June 2002 the 94th Garrison Military Court ordered the command to discharge the applicant for health reasons, to provide him with housing, and to pay 7,000 Russian roubles (RUB) in damages. On
15 October 2009
30. On 17 August 2009 the applicant requested the court to re-schedule the hearing because of his holiday plans. On 24 August 2009 the court postponed the hearing to 24 September 2009. On 3 September 2009 the court postponed the hearing to
four years’
6. On 21 September 2004 the Belarus authorities instituted criminal proceedings against the applicant on charges of extortion. On 11 November 2004 the applicant was found guilty of extortion and sentenced to
27 November 2002
60. On 29 May 2002 the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe adopted Recommendation 1563 (2002) on the “humanitarian situation of the displaced Kurdish population in Turkey”. The Parliamentary Assembly urged Turkey to take the following steps: “a. lift the state of emergency in the four remaining provinces a...
25 August 1992
23. On 10 August 1992, the Midyat public prosecutor requested the Diyarbakır Provincial Criminal Police Laboratory to determine whether or not the bullet removed from Sabri Acar’s body had been fired from the weapons belonging to the village guards. On
26 November 2001
37. On 1 October 2001 the Ministry of Justice answered the applicant’s letters and informed him that the length of proceedings in the present case was caused by the difficulties in obtaining an expert opinion. Answering the subsequent complaint of the applicant, the Ministry informed him that the independent court was...
29 October 2003
27. On 11 September 2002 they submitted various documents in support of their application, including the title deeds to the properties. The hearing, initially scheduled for 8 November 2000, was postponed several times. It was finally held on
25 April 2013
62. On 25 January 2012 the Registrar of the Court addressed a letter to the Russian Government on behalf of the President of the Court, expressing his profound concern at the repeated allegations of applicants’ secret transfers from Russia to Tajikistan in breach of the interim measures issued under Rule 39 of the Rul...
September 2002
14. On 3 September 2002 the first applicant and his wife went to the filtration point. They saw that the apprehended men were being kept in the barn. From the date of Salakh Elsiyev’s apprehension the applicant went to the point every day, waiting for the release of his son. In the morning of 7
30 June 2011
17. On 29 April 2014 the District Court convicted the applicant on nine counts of fraud, acquitted him of a further four counts of fraud and sentenced him to seven years’ imprisonment, taking into account the fact that the applicant had not fully served the sentence imposed on him on
Between 3 October 2006 and 12 November 2007
13. In addition to surveillance activities, during the pre-trial proceedings, there were various queries, inspections, and home and office searches; (forensic) expert reports were ordered, requests for documents were made to various persons, and the material received was examined.
19 January 2012
19. On 6 May 2013 the Oktyabrskiy District Court rejected the applicant’s application for a residence order and maintained the residence order in favour of I. It found it established that I. was unemployed and that the applicant had a permanent job. The living conditions of both parents were satisfactory. The court to...
18 February 2005
11. On 31 January 2005 the Regional Court quashed the District Court's judgment and confirmed the decision not to grant the applicant a waiver of the court fees. The case file was remitted to the District Court on
13 December 2006
44. On 4 January 2008 the applicants lodged a complaint. They argued that the investigator had failed to deal with all relevant aspects of the case and had not remedied the shortcomings to which the Constitutional Court had pointed in the judgment of
February 1993
6. By a decision of 12 March 1992 the Trakai City Council leased a plot of land 22 square metres in size, situated at no. 41 Karaimų Street in the town of Trakai, to Galina Bogdel, the wife of Piotras Bogdel and mother of Snežana Bogdel. The plot was situated on land which was State property. The plot was leased for a...
22 May 1997
51. On 27 December 1996 the Court of Cassation dismissed the appeal and upheld the judgment of the Istanbul Court of Commerce. A request by the applicant company for rectification of that decision was rejected by a new decision of the Court of Cassation of
February 2009
12. On an unknown date the applicant appealed against that decision to the Guimarães Court of Appeal (Tribunal da Relação). By a decision of 4 December 2008 the Court of Appeal considered that the applicant had legal capacity and ordered the re-analysis of the case at first instance. In
four years'
6. In September 1995 the applicant was served with a bill of indictment and the case was committed for trial to the Ivolginskiy District Court. On 1 December 1995 the District Court found the applicant guilty of disorderly conduct and causing serious injury. It sentenced him to
29 December 2009
16. Contrary to what was indicated in the decisions adopted by the Internal Security Office of the State Police, the applicant did not appeal against those decisions to a higher official within the State police hierarchy. Instead, he submitted a new complaint to the Office of the Prosecutor General. The complaint was ...
10 and 11 June 1992
7. On 10 June 1992 Mr Andrzej Kern, at that time the Deputy Speaker of the Sejm, notified the Regional Prosecutor that a certain Mr Gąsior and Mrs Izabela Malisiewicz-Gąsior had kidnapped his 17-year-old daughter, M.K. However, Mr Gąsior and Mrs Malisiewicz‑Gąsior submitted that the allegation was false as M.K. had in...
15 March 1995
16. The applicant appealed to the Central Diagnostic Expert Commission (“the CDEC”), arguing that her de facto duties were different from the ones enumerated in her job descriptions. As no witness testimony was admissible, she again submitted affidavits from her managers to the effect that she had actually worked as a...
27 March 2006
35. On 27 April 2006 the applicant submitted the following handwritten statement to the Court: “I inform you as follows: on 27 April 2006 I was visited in remand centre no. 3, Moscow, by my lawyer Mrs Moskalenko. She gave me the text and translation of the Government’s comments of
14 October 1998
98. On 27 October 1998 the applicant, visited again by a prosecutor from the Prosecutor General’s Office, made another statement. He spoke in particular about the conditions of his detention in Khmelnitskiy Prison. He mentioned that he had been infected with tuberculosis in 1997 sharing a cell with Mr Yusev, who had e...
29 January 2009
10. On 23 April 2010 the Kyivskyy District Prosecutor’s Office in Kharkiv decided not to institute criminal proceedings in relation to the applicant’s ill-treatment allegations. As appears from that document, the applicant had stated to the prosecutorial authority that she and V.J. (her partner) had been arrested on
early January 2009
6. The end of 2008 and the beginning of 2009 were marked by a dispute between Ukraine and Russia on the conditions for gas supplies, including the price paid by Ukraine and the transit price charged by Ukraine to Russia. It culminated in Russia cutting off supplies in
the previous year
12. Asked then about the working methods he had introduced, the applicant stated: “Instead of commenting on whether the working methods introduced by me have been effective, I will give you simple statistics. I took over [the district prosecutor’s office] in 1996. During
14 March 2001
26. On 12 February 2004 the applicant brought another action against the authority, claiming inflation compensation for the delay between 1 April 2001 and 31 December 2003 in enforcement of the judgment of
30 May 2008
59. On 22 May 2008 the investigators requested the permission of the Nazran District Court to obtain a list of the mobile telephone calls made between 11 p.m. on 23 November and 12 a.m. on 24 November 2007 in the vicinity of the hotel. Permission was granted on
13 September 2000
16. On 29 November 2001 the Vienna Court of Appeal dismissed the applicant's appeal. It repeated the arguments set out in its judgment of 21 June 2000. Moreover, it referred to the Supreme Court's judgment of
5 August 2010
12. On 9 June 2010 the Debrecen Court of Appeal quashed this judgment on procedural and substantive grounds and remitted the case. The applicant’s pre-trial detention was reordered on the ground that there was a risk of absconding and repetition of offences. The applicant again requested the termination of the detenti...
10 November 2006
22. At the hearing on 18 May 2006 the applicant’s counsel lodged objections to the expert’s opinion being read out. The opinion was discussed at the hearing of 12 June 2006, and the Public Prosecutor’s Office moved that the expert’s opinion be supplemented. Further decisions to inspect savings and bank accounts were i...
25 December 2000
20. According to an order issued by the Minister of Internal Affairs on 26 August 1999, police academy students A.P. and A.R. had been temporarily authorised to act as police inspectors until 1 March 2000. On
7 October 1983
8. On 13 August 1983 the applicant, who was A.R.’s lawyer and also her lover, was charged with her murder by the investigating judge at the Nice tribunal de grande instance. He was remanded in custody, before being released on
before 15 February 2010
13. It is unclear whether the applicant was suffering from a fungal infection (mycosis) at that time. According to the transcript of the applicant’s medical record made on 31 May 2010 by the Tula Regional Department of the Federal Prison Service,
21 December 1995
27. On 13 December 1995, after the first-instance judgment, the applicant’s parents and lawyer received permission to visit him. The parents visited the applicant on 15 December 1995 and in January 1996. The applicant’s lawyer visited him on
13 December 1999
25. On 18 April 2000 the applicants initiated proceedings with the Vlora District Court seeking the annulment of the decision of the Vlora Commission in K.B.’s favour. On 6 February 2001 the Vlora District Court dismissed the applicants’ request on the ground that the Vlora Commission’s decision in their favour had be...
the same day
9. On 13 October 1993 the applicant informed the Tarnów Regional Prosecutor of a change of his address. On 15 October 1993 the Tarnów Regional Prosecutor issued a warrant for the applicant’s arrest, considering that there were strong grounds for believing that he had committed an offence constituting a serious danger ...
the third day
8. The applicant first challenged Ashworth’s seclusion policy on this basis in the High Court in 1999. On 10 October 2000, the High Court found that the hospital’s policy, by reducing the frequency of review of a patient’s seclusion below that provided for in the Code of Practice, was unlawful and was not justified by...
17 July 2008
13. On 4 August 2008 the National Public Prosecution Authority in Rwanda made a formal request for the extradition of the applicant to Rwanda for purposes of prosecution. It invoked an international arrest warrant issued by the Rwandan Prosecutor-General on
11 January 2005
25. By a letter dated 27 March 2006 the Secretary of State refused the applicant discretionary leave to remain in the United Kingdom and found that the applicant’s further submissions did not amount to a fresh claim. All the points raised in her submissions had already been addressed when the applicant’s earlier claim...
May and August 2009
109. In its 2011 annual report released in May of the same year, Amnesty International states as follows: “Counter-terror and security Closed trials started in January of nearly 70 defendants charged in relation to attacks in the Ferghana Valley and the capital, Tashkent, in
20 and 28 February 2001
107. After visiting the first applicant at the hospital on 1 February 2001, Dr R.K. noted his improved physical condition. According to his report dated 6 February 2001, the first applicant’s state of health continued to improve after his discharge from the hospital. Similarly, when he visited the first applicant on
22 December 1994
9. On 21 January 1993 he informed their family physician about his diseases but forbade him to disclose to anybody that he had developed Aids. When the applicant consulted the physician on 29 January 1993 he did not mention to her that her companion was suffering from Aids. On
2 September 1999
7. In 1999 the Uusimaa Tax Office carried out a tax inspection of the company’s books for the years 1996-1998. The tax inspector interviewed the applicant and three persons who were working, or had worked, for the company: Mr T.L., Ms H.T. and Mr R.L. He drew up an inspection report dated
8 August 2005
7. It appears that simultaneously another investigation was in progress on the side of the Hungarian authorities who suspected that the applicant and his Hungarian common-law wife were involved in a drug trafficking network operating between Spain, Hungary and South America. In this context, a European arrest warrant ...
12 March 2003
23. On 26 March 2002 the applicant received outpatient treatment with vitamins. On 7 April 2002 this treatment was completed and the applicant’s health was considered satisfactory. On 12 June and 8 October 2002 and on
the past months
71. On 27 and 28 March 2000 the applicant repeated his complaints of 16 March 2000, indicating that, despite the diagnosis of glaucoma recently confirmed by the oculist, he had received no treatment for this illness. He further indicated that his complaints about the unbearable pain in his eyes, from which he had been...
1 November 2002
19. On 6 November 2002 the judge of the Rīga Regional Court replied to the applicant in a letter that there were no grounds for his release. The judge merely referred to the amended section 77, paragraph 7 of the Code of Criminal Procedure and to the fact that on
November 1998
19. On 26 January 2004 the applicants submitted to the Aliens Appeals Board a certified copy of the judgment in which it was stated that the first applicant and his brother had, on several occasions, threatened their brother-in-law because they considered that he had ill-treated their sister and paid too small a dowry...
the following day
39. On 22 May 2000 the investigators questioned Mr S.-S.A., who stated that at about 7.30 p.m. on 16 May 2000 he had seen a light-coloured KAMAZ lorry which had been driving from Gekhi to Roshni-Chu. He had not seen the driver or the passengers. At about 10 p.m. on the same date he had seen the lorry burning about 500...
15 May 2012
35. Meanwhile, the applicant lodged numerous applications for a forcible removal of N. for various visits (in May, July and August 2012, and in February 2013). The Kraków District Court issued orders for a forcible removal of the child by the guardian on
13 August 2013
38. On 13 August 2013 the Nasimi District Court extended the applicant’s detention for a period of three months, that is to say until 4 December 2013. It appears from the decision that the applicant and his lawyer stated before the court that the applicant had not played any role in the events of Ismayilli and had not...
31 December 2007
37. At the start of the trial in the Assize Court, on 1 February 2010, the applicant, assisted by his Belgian counsel, filed a submission in which he requested that the records of the interviews conducted without legal assistance and the ensuing acts should be annulled and that the prosecution case should be declared ...
8 April 2013
13. On 24 January 2013 the Supreme Court of the Khakassiya Republic rejected the appeal. It further held that the Town Court had erred in fixing a specific time-limit for the applicant’s detention and that the applicant should remain in detention “until his deportation”. On
February 2000
19. In the meantime, the procedural disputes continued. The applicant disputed the claimed privilege during a hearing from 22 to 26 February 2000. During a hearing on 14, 15 and 16 March 2000 the applicant sought further inspection of the respondents’ documents. On 2 April 2001 the High Court refused this application. ...
thirty days
14. On that day the investigating judge delivered several decisions, by means of which he appointed D.N., a lawyer, to represent the applicant; found of his own motion that the applicant’s detention had been lawful; opened an investigation against the applicant, F.R. and R.S. (the latter was from Kosovo)[1]; he also o...
20 February
15. The above description of the events is based on written statements by the first and second applicants made on 5 February and 1 March 2006 respectively; interview transcripts of the first and second applicants' interviews by their representatives, conducted on
26 September 2005
15. The Court of Cassation quashed the decision in so far as it concerned the rate of interest applicable. On 19 July 2005 the Trabzon Labour Court decided, in line with the Court of Cassation’s decision, that a lower rate of interest should apply. An appeal lodged against that decision by the applicant was rejected b...
17 May 1996
9. In the meantime, the applicant brought another case against Mr G.D. before the 12th Chamber Ankara Civil Court of First Instance and requested liquidation of partnership. On 26 December 1994 the court ordered Mr G.D. to pay TRL 88,260,073 to the applicant. This judgment became final on
the period from 1999 to 2003
40. The report stated that the average annual concentrations of nitric oxide, lead, manganese, nitrogen dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen sulphide, phenol, carbon oxide and carbon disulphide did not exceed the MPLs. Excessive annual concentrations were recorded only with respect to dust, formaldehyde and benzopyrene. Over
13 May 1999
16. The birth lasted from 10 to 10.35 a.m. in the presence of doctors and medical students, who had apparently received some information about her state of health and medical treatment. During the labour the doctors performed an episiotomy (incision). The child was diagnosed with light asphyxia. At 1 p.m. the child wa...
several months
17. A summons to the first hearing was sent to the applicant’s address in the village of Brod, which was returned without any indication whether it had been served. In an accompanying letter, the mayor of the village of Brod informed the District Court that the applicant was not registered as living in the village, th...
8 March 2007
51. On 15 June 2010 the applicant was interviewed and gave his first written statement to the investigator. He made reference at the beginning of the statement to his conditions of detention and noted that during his detention in Block 10 he had kept a record of events. Until
recent years
102. However, when the disappearance occurred before the date that the Covenant or the Optional Protocol entered into force for a State, the approach of the HRC to whether it has temporal jurisdiction has evolved over
14 June 2000
6. In 2000 the applicant instituted civil proceedings in the Krasnyy Luch Court (Краснолуцький міський суд Луганської області) against his employer, the State Open Joint Stock Mining Company “Izvestiya” (“the Company,” ДВАТ шахта „Ізвестія”), for salary arrears and other payments. On
12 November 2005
20. On the next day, 11 November 2005, the Blagoevgrad police gave a press conference at which they said that Mr Dimitrov had died of “cardiogenic shock”; the applicants were not given any other information on the matter. The death certificate issued by Blagoevgrad municipality on
15 December 2012
8. According to the Act, tobacco retail was to become a State monopoly (exercised through a State-owned company, ND Nemzeti Dohánykereskedelmi Nonprofit Zrt), and tobacco retailers would become authorised through a concession tender, advertised on
13 June 2006
10. On 27 April 2006 the applicant asked the District Prosecutor to institute criminal proceedings against the employees of Goleniów Prison. The applicant claimed that despite having requested on several occasions to be provided with a meat-free diet, he was receiving meals containing meat products. Since he could not...
17 December 2007
254. To that effect the applicant submitted a copy of a letter sent to him on 15 May 2009 by the Deputy of the President of the Warsaw Regional Court (Wiceprezes Sądu Okręgowego). The letter stated that out of a total number of fifteen actions in tort, which had been brought by detainees against Warszawa Białołęka Rem...
23 August 2004
25. The applicant, through his mother's submissions to the Kyiv City Court of Appeal (Апеляційний суд міста Києва) on 13 September 2004, contended that he had been taken directly to the sobering up facility on
25–32 years old
31. One of the servicemen said into his radio transmitter that there were two men in the house, an old one and a young one. In reply he was ordered to take away the young one. According to the sixth applicant, the officer was around
1 and 2 February
12. On appeal by the applicants, the Paris Court of Appeal (Eleventh Criminal Appeal Division) upheld the judgment of 25 November 1997 by a decision of 17 June 1998. On the question of the defamatory nature of the offending bulletin's content, it ruled as follows: “Words may be defamatory as the result of an insinuati...
over three years
46. The child welfare authorities opposed the appeal and submitted that the first applicant’s ability to care for X had not changed since the High Court’s judgment of 22 April 2010. The visits between X and the first applicant had not worked well. She had had outbursts during the visits and had left before the time wa...
12 June 2000
16. On an unspecified date in 2000, the Lithuanian State Security Department and the Centre for Research into the Genocide and Resistance of the Lithuanian People jointly concluded that the applicant had the status of a “former KGB officer”, and that he was thereby subject to the restrictions imposed under Article 2 o...
14 May 2004
33. On 22 March 2004 the applicant’s father’s flat was searched. The applicant’s father’s complaints about the unlawfulness of the search were dismissed by the district prosecutor’s office on 13 April 2004 and by the District Court on
28 June 1995
19. In his summing-up to the jury on 10 and 11 February 1998, the trial judge gave directions on the way in which the jury should assess the reliability of the disputed evidence. He told them that they were to judge whether the police had deliberately wound up the applicant during the interview on
10 October 1994
13. On 22 October 1999 the Forest Inspection of Athens qualified as “reafforestable” according to the procedure prescribed by Law no. 998/1979 an area of approximately 189 sq. m. located within the area concerned by the prefect’s decision of
the 2005/06 school year
28. On 20 March 2007 the head teacher of the applicant’s school invited him to pay EUR 1,300 in respect of his schooling during the 2004/05 school year and the same amount in respect of his schooling during
12 February 2009
16. On 17 December 2008 the mother requested the suspension of the enforcement proceedings. The request was dismissed by the Hungarian Heves District Court on 19 December 2008. It further ordered her to pay a fine of 50,000 Hungarian forints (HUF) (approximately 180 euros (EUR)) and warned her to comply with her oblig...
that same day
22. On 24 July 1989 the applicant was released. At the time of her release she was examined by UN doctors, who took some notes, and then transferred to southern Cyprus. On 28 July 1989 she made a statement to Limassol police and was also examined by a Government doctor at Limassol Hospital. The applicant produced a me...
29 March 2011
14. On 10 March 2011, the prosecutor in charge of the case ordered a series of investigative actions to be carried out by a judicial police officer: “(1) to contact forensic experts who would carry out a forensic examination to find out the cause of death of the deceased; (2) to seize the criminal and medical files ...
22 June 1999
27. On 24 March 1999 the applicant complained to the Ministry of Justice about delays in the proceedings. The complaint was forwarded to the president of the Bratislava Regional Court (Krajský súd - the former Bratislava City Court). On
5 and 12 November
34. The applicant’s solicitors responded with the particulars on 21 August 1990, and on 22 August the Tribunal offered further hearing dates, to commence on 29 October 1990. On 6 December 1990 the applicant’s solicitors wrote to the Tribunal to refuse that listing, because the applicant’s counsel would not be availabl...
25 June 1992
62. The relevant parts of UNSC Resolution 757 (1992), adopted on 30 May 1992, provided as follows: “5. Decides further that no State shall make available to the authorities in the [FRY] or to any commercial, industrial or public utility undertaking in the [FRY], any funds, or any other financial or economic resources...
3 April 2000
11. The applicant lodged a complaint with the Administrative Court (Verwaltungsgerichtshof) on 3 February 2000. He complained in particular about the refusal of his request to take an expert opinion. On
the day before
19. On 27 December 1998 F., a driver working for the road police, submitted a report to his superiors. He indicated that he had been driving one of the three cars which had been at the applicant’s house
3 April 2006
24. Following an appeal by the applicant, on 26 April 2007 the Court of Appeal quashed that decision and ordered the applicant’s former husband to pay her UAH 4,964 in arrears (equivalent to about EUR 740). As regards the arrears owed for 2005, it relied on the Khortytskyy Court’s decision of
18 February 2002
13. On 5 February 2002 the applicant asked the Prosecutor General's Office to initiate criminal proceedings in respect of the refusal of the Minister of Transport, as head of the Ministry, to comply with a final court judgment. In the reply sent to the applicant on