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gr-qc/0507036
Kristina Giesel
Kristina Giesel, Thomas Thiemann
Consistency Check on Volume and Triad Operator Quantisation in Loop Quantum Gravity I
21 pages, 5 figures
Class.Quant.Grav. 23 (2006) 5667-5692
10.1088/0264-9381/23/18/012
AEI-2005-100
gr-qc
null
The volume operator plays a pivotal role for the quantum dynamics of Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG). It is essential in order to construct Triad operators that enter the Hamiltonian constraint and which become densely defined operators on the full Hilbert space even though in the classical theory the triad becomes singular when classical GR breaks down. The expression for the volume and triad operators derives from the quantisation of the fundamental electric flux operator of LQG by a complicated regularisation procedure. In fact, there are two inequivalent volume operators available in the literature and, moreover, both operators are unique only up to a finite, multiplicative constant which should be viewed as a regularisation ambiguity. Now on the one hand, classical volumes and triads can be expressed directly in terms of fluxes and this fact was used to construct the corresponding volume and triad operators. On the other hand, fluxes can be expressed in terms of triads and therefore one can also view the volume operator as fundamental and consider the flux operator as a derived operator. In this paper we examine whether the volume, triad and flux quantisations are consistent with each other. The results of this consistency analysis are rather surprising. Among other findings we show: 1. The regularisation constant can be uniquely fixed. 2. One of the volume operators can be ruled out as inconsistent. 3. Factor ordering ambiguities in the definition of triad operators are immaterial for the classical limit of the derived flux operator. The results of this paper show that within full LQG triad operators are consistently quantized. In this paper we present ideas and results of the consistency check. In a companion paper we supply detailed proofs.
[ { "created": "Fri, 8 Jul 2005 11:32:25 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Tue, 12 Jul 2005 15:13:59 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2009-11-11
[ [ "Giesel", "Kristina", "" ], [ "Thiemann", "Thomas", "" ] ]
The volume operator plays a pivotal role for the quantum dynamics of Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG). It is essential in order to construct Triad operators that enter the Hamiltonian constraint and which become densely defined operators on the full Hilbert space even though in the classical theory the triad becomes singular when classical GR breaks down. The expression for the volume and triad operators derives from the quantisation of the fundamental electric flux operator of LQG by a complicated regularisation procedure. In fact, there are two inequivalent volume operators available in the literature and, moreover, both operators are unique only up to a finite, multiplicative constant which should be viewed as a regularisation ambiguity. Now on the one hand, classical volumes and triads can be expressed directly in terms of fluxes and this fact was used to construct the corresponding volume and triad operators. On the other hand, fluxes can be expressed in terms of triads and therefore one can also view the volume operator as fundamental and consider the flux operator as a derived operator. In this paper we examine whether the volume, triad and flux quantisations are consistent with each other. The results of this consistency analysis are rather surprising. Among other findings we show: 1. The regularisation constant can be uniquely fixed. 2. One of the volume operators can be ruled out as inconsistent. 3. Factor ordering ambiguities in the definition of triad operators are immaterial for the classical limit of the derived flux operator. The results of this paper show that within full LQG triad operators are consistently quantized. In this paper we present ideas and results of the consistency check. In a companion paper we supply detailed proofs.
gr-qc/9207003
Jim McCarthy
T. Damour (IHES and DARC) S. Deser (Brandeis University) J. McCarthy (University of Adelaide)
Nonsymmetric Gravity Theories: Inconsistencies and a Cure
34 pages
Phys.Rev.D47:1541-1556,1993
10.1103/PhysRevD.47.1541
BRX TH-324
gr-qc
null
Motivated by the apparent dependence of string $\sigma$--models on the sum of spacetime metric and antisymmetric tensor fields, we reconsider gravity theories constructed from a nonsymmetric metric. We first show that all such "geometrical" theories homogeneous in second derivatives violate standard physical requirements: ghost-freedom, absence of algebraic inconsistencies or continuity of degree-of-freedom content. This no-go result applies in particular to the old unified theory of Einstein and its recent avatars. However, we find that the addition of nonderivative, ``cosmological'' terms formally restores consistency by giving a mass to the antisymmetric tensor field, thereby transmuting it into a fifth-force-like massive vector but with novel possible matter couplings. The resulting macroscopic models also exhibit ``van der Waals''-type gravitational effects, and may provide useful phenomenological foils to general relativity.
[ { "created": "Wed, 22 Jul 1992 22:51:38 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2008-11-26
[ [ "Damour", "T.", "", "IHES and DARC" ], [ "Deser", "S.", "", "Brandeis University" ], [ "McCarthy", "J.", "", "University of Adelaide" ] ]
Motivated by the apparent dependence of string $\sigma$--models on the sum of spacetime metric and antisymmetric tensor fields, we reconsider gravity theories constructed from a nonsymmetric metric. We first show that all such "geometrical" theories homogeneous in second derivatives violate standard physical requirements: ghost-freedom, absence of algebraic inconsistencies or continuity of degree-of-freedom content. This no-go result applies in particular to the old unified theory of Einstein and its recent avatars. However, we find that the addition of nonderivative, ``cosmological'' terms formally restores consistency by giving a mass to the antisymmetric tensor field, thereby transmuting it into a fifth-force-like massive vector but with novel possible matter couplings. The resulting macroscopic models also exhibit ``van der Waals''-type gravitational effects, and may provide useful phenomenological foils to general relativity.
2303.06395
Rajesh Kumar
Anjali Pandey, Rajesh Kumar and Sudhir Kumar Srivastava
Spherically symmetric gravitational collapse in the background of Chaplygin gas
null
null
null
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
This paper considers the spherically symmetric gravitational collapse in the background of Chaplygin gas as dark energy component. The dark energy is assumed to be generalized and modified Chaplygin gas. The exterior of the star is considered to be Schwarzschild de-sitter/anti-de sitter metric and discusses the junction conditions. We have discussed the singularity formation in both forms of chaplygin gas case and it is obtained that such collapsing fluids favor the formation of black-hole.
[ { "created": "Sat, 11 Mar 2023 12:08:22 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2023-03-14
[ [ "Pandey", "Anjali", "" ], [ "Kumar", "Rajesh", "" ], [ "Srivastava", "Sudhir Kumar", "" ] ]
This paper considers the spherically symmetric gravitational collapse in the background of Chaplygin gas as dark energy component. The dark energy is assumed to be generalized and modified Chaplygin gas. The exterior of the star is considered to be Schwarzschild de-sitter/anti-de sitter metric and discusses the junction conditions. We have discussed the singularity formation in both forms of chaplygin gas case and it is obtained that such collapsing fluids favor the formation of black-hole.
1309.2058
Takashi Torii
Takashi Torii and Hisa-aki Shinkai
Wormholes in higher dimensional space-time: Exact solutions and their linear stability analysis
6 pages, 3 eps figures, LaTeX. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
null
10.1103/PhysRevD.88.064027
null
gr-qc hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We derive the simplest traversable wormhole solutions in $n$-dimensional general relativity, assuming static and spherically symmetric spacetime with a ghost scalar field. This is the generalization of the Ellis solution (or the so-called Morris-Thorne's traversable wormhole) into a higher-dimension. We also study their stability using linear perturbation analysis. We obtain the master equation for the perturbed gauge-invariant variable and search their eigenvalues. Our analysis shows that all higher-dimensional wormholes have an unstable mode against the perturbations with which the throat radius is changed. The instability is consistent with the earlier numerical analysis in four-dimensional solution.
[ { "created": "Mon, 9 Sep 2013 07:36:03 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2015-06-17
[ [ "Torii", "Takashi", "" ], [ "Shinkai", "Hisa-aki", "" ] ]
We derive the simplest traversable wormhole solutions in $n$-dimensional general relativity, assuming static and spherically symmetric spacetime with a ghost scalar field. This is the generalization of the Ellis solution (or the so-called Morris-Thorne's traversable wormhole) into a higher-dimension. We also study their stability using linear perturbation analysis. We obtain the master equation for the perturbed gauge-invariant variable and search their eigenvalues. Our analysis shows that all higher-dimensional wormholes have an unstable mode against the perturbations with which the throat radius is changed. The instability is consistent with the earlier numerical analysis in four-dimensional solution.
1806.09259
Jing-Bo Wang
Jingbo Wang
W-hairs of black holes in three dimensional spacetime
7 pages, comments are welcomed
null
10.1088/1674-1137/43/9/095104
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
In the previous paper (arXiv:1804.09438) we found that the near horizon symmetry algebra of black holes is a subalgebra of the $W_{1+\infty}$ symmetry algebra of quantum Hall fluid in three dimensional spacetime. In this paper, we give a slightly different representation of the former algebra from the latter one. Similar to the horizon fluff proposal, based on the $W_{1+\infty}$ algebra, we count the number of the microstates of the BTZ black holes and obtain the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy.
[ { "created": "Mon, 25 Jun 2018 02:35:22 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2019-09-04
[ [ "Wang", "Jingbo", "" ] ]
In the previous paper (arXiv:1804.09438) we found that the near horizon symmetry algebra of black holes is a subalgebra of the $W_{1+\infty}$ symmetry algebra of quantum Hall fluid in three dimensional spacetime. In this paper, we give a slightly different representation of the former algebra from the latter one. Similar to the horizon fluff proposal, based on the $W_{1+\infty}$ algebra, we count the number of the microstates of the BTZ black holes and obtain the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy.
0712.1258
Vasileios Paschalidis
Vasileios Paschalidis, Jakob Hansen, and Alexei Khokhlov
Numerical performance of the parabolized ADM (PADM) formulation of General Relativity
20 two column pages, 20 figures, submitted to PRD, two typos corrected
Phys.Rev.D78:064048,2008
10.1103/PhysRevD.78.064048
null
gr-qc
null
In a recent paper the first coauthor presented a new parabolic extension (PADM) of the standard 3+1 Arnowitt, Deser, Misner formulation of the equations of general relativity. By parabolizing first-order ADM in a certain way, the PADM formulation turns it into a mixed hyperbolic - second-order parabolic, well-posed system. The surface of constraints of PADM becomes a local attractor for all solutions and all possible well-posed gauge conditions. This paper describes a numerical implementation of PADM and studies its accuracy and stability in a series of standard numerical tests. Numerical properties of PADM are compared with those of standard ADM and its hyperbolic Kidder, Scheel, Teukolsky (KST) extension. The PADM scheme is numerically stable, convergent and second-order accurate. The new formulation has better control of the constraint-violating modes than ADM and KST.
[ { "created": "Sat, 8 Dec 2007 04:36:22 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Tue, 11 Dec 2007 22:27:25 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2009-02-23
[ [ "Paschalidis", "Vasileios", "" ], [ "Hansen", "Jakob", "" ], [ "Khokhlov", "Alexei", "" ] ]
In a recent paper the first coauthor presented a new parabolic extension (PADM) of the standard 3+1 Arnowitt, Deser, Misner formulation of the equations of general relativity. By parabolizing first-order ADM in a certain way, the PADM formulation turns it into a mixed hyperbolic - second-order parabolic, well-posed system. The surface of constraints of PADM becomes a local attractor for all solutions and all possible well-posed gauge conditions. This paper describes a numerical implementation of PADM and studies its accuracy and stability in a series of standard numerical tests. Numerical properties of PADM are compared with those of standard ADM and its hyperbolic Kidder, Scheel, Teukolsky (KST) extension. The PADM scheme is numerically stable, convergent and second-order accurate. The new formulation has better control of the constraint-violating modes than ADM and KST.
1810.09563
Aaron Johnson
Aaron D. Johnson, Shasvath J. Kapadia, Andrew Osborne, Alex Hixon, and Daniel Kennefick
Prospects of detecting the nonlinear gravitational wave memory
14 pages, 10 figures, 1 tables
Phys. Rev. D 99, 044045 (2019)
10.1103/PhysRevD.99.044045
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
In GW150914, approximately $3M_{\odot}$ were radiated away as gravitational waves from the binary black hole system as it merged. The stress energy of the gravitational wave itself causes a nonlinear memory effect in the detectors here on Earth called the Christodoulou memory. We use an approximation that can be applied to numerical relativity waveforms to give an estimate of the displacement magnitude and the profile of the nonlinear memory. We give a signal to noise ratio for a single GW150914-like detection event, and by varying the total mass and distance parameters of the event, we find distances and source masses for which the memory of an optimally oriented GW150914-like event would be detectable in aLIGO and future detectors.
[ { "created": "Mon, 22 Oct 2018 21:23:22 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Sat, 23 Feb 2019 16:42:06 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2019-02-27
[ [ "Johnson", "Aaron D.", "" ], [ "Kapadia", "Shasvath J.", "" ], [ "Osborne", "Andrew", "" ], [ "Hixon", "Alex", "" ], [ "Kennefick", "Daniel", "" ] ]
In GW150914, approximately $3M_{\odot}$ were radiated away as gravitational waves from the binary black hole system as it merged. The stress energy of the gravitational wave itself causes a nonlinear memory effect in the detectors here on Earth called the Christodoulou memory. We use an approximation that can be applied to numerical relativity waveforms to give an estimate of the displacement magnitude and the profile of the nonlinear memory. We give a signal to noise ratio for a single GW150914-like detection event, and by varying the total mass and distance parameters of the event, we find distances and source masses for which the memory of an optimally oriented GW150914-like event would be detectable in aLIGO and future detectors.
2005.03258
Alessandro Pesci
Alessandro Pesci
Zero-point gravitational field equations
17 pages; v2: some corrections/editing/clarifications, reference added, it corresponds to the published version
Class. Quantum Grav. 38 (2021) 145007
10.1088/1361-6382/ac0310
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We study the recently reported qmetric (or zero-point-length) expressions of the Ricci (bi)scalar $R_{(q)}$ (namely, expressions of the Ricci scalar in a spacetime with a limit length $L_0$ built in), focusing specifically on the case of null separated events. A feature of these expressions is that, when considered in the coincidence limit $p \to P$, they generically exhibit a dependence on the geodesic along which the varying point $p$ approached $P$, sort of memory of how $p$ went to $P$. This fact demands a deeper understanding of the meaning of the quantity $R_{(q)}$, for this latter tells about curvature of spacetime as a whole at $P$ and would not be supposed to depend on whichever vector we might happen to consider at $P$. Here, we try to search for a framework in which these two apparently conflicting aspects might be consistently reconciled. We find a tentative sense in which this could be achieved by endowing spacetime of a specific operational meaning. This comes, however, at the price (or with the benefit) of having a spacetime no longer arbitrary but, in a specific sense, constrained. The constraint turns out to be in the form of a relation between spacetime geometry in the large scale (as compared to $L_0$) and the matter content, namely as sort of field equations. This comes thanks to something which happens to coincide with the expression of balance of (matter and spacetime) exchanged heats, i.e. the thermodynamic variational principle from which the field equations have been reported to be derivable. This establishes a link between (this specific, operational understanding of) the meaning of the limit expression of $R_{(q)}$ on one side and the (large-scale) field equations on the other, this way reconnecting (once more) the latter to a quantum feature.
[ { "created": "Thu, 7 May 2020 05:38:11 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Mon, 21 Jun 2021 09:19:42 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2021-06-22
[ [ "Pesci", "Alessandro", "" ] ]
We study the recently reported qmetric (or zero-point-length) expressions of the Ricci (bi)scalar $R_{(q)}$ (namely, expressions of the Ricci scalar in a spacetime with a limit length $L_0$ built in), focusing specifically on the case of null separated events. A feature of these expressions is that, when considered in the coincidence limit $p \to P$, they generically exhibit a dependence on the geodesic along which the varying point $p$ approached $P$, sort of memory of how $p$ went to $P$. This fact demands a deeper understanding of the meaning of the quantity $R_{(q)}$, for this latter tells about curvature of spacetime as a whole at $P$ and would not be supposed to depend on whichever vector we might happen to consider at $P$. Here, we try to search for a framework in which these two apparently conflicting aspects might be consistently reconciled. We find a tentative sense in which this could be achieved by endowing spacetime of a specific operational meaning. This comes, however, at the price (or with the benefit) of having a spacetime no longer arbitrary but, in a specific sense, constrained. The constraint turns out to be in the form of a relation between spacetime geometry in the large scale (as compared to $L_0$) and the matter content, namely as sort of field equations. This comes thanks to something which happens to coincide with the expression of balance of (matter and spacetime) exchanged heats, i.e. the thermodynamic variational principle from which the field equations have been reported to be derivable. This establishes a link between (this specific, operational understanding of) the meaning of the limit expression of $R_{(q)}$ on one side and the (large-scale) field equations on the other, this way reconnecting (once more) the latter to a quantum feature.
2004.02602
Mubasher Jamil
Mustapha Azreg-A\"inou, Zihang Chen, Bojun Deng, Mubasher Jamil, Tao Zhu, Qiang Wu, Yen-Kheng Lim
Orbital mechanics and quasiperiodic oscillation resonances of black holes in Einstein-{\AE}ther theory
21 pages, 17 captioned figures, accepted for publication in Phys.Rev.D
Phys. Rev. D 102, 044028 (2020)
10.1103/PhysRevD.102.044028
null
gr-qc astro-ph.HE hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
In this paper, we study the motion of test particles around two exact charged black-hole solutions in Einstein-{\AE}ther theory. Specifically, we first consider the quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) and their resonances generated by the particle moving in the Einstein-{\AE}ther black hole and then turn to study the periodic orbits of the massive particles. For QPOs, we drop the usually adopted assumptions $\nu_U=\nu_\theta$, $\nu_L=\nu_r$, and $\nu_U/\nu_L=3/2$ with $\nu_U$ ($\nu_L$) and $\nu_r$ ($\nu_\theta$) being the upper (lower) frequency of QPOs and radial (vertical) epicyclic frequency of the orbiting particles, respectively. Instead, we put-forward a new working ansatz for which the Keplerian radius is much closer to that of the innermost stable circular orbit and explore in detail the effects of the {\ae}ther field on the frequencies of QPOs. We then realize good curves for the frequencies of QPOs, which fit to data of three microquasars very well by ignoring any effects of rotation and magnetic fields. The innermost stable circular orbits (isco) of timelike particles are also analyzed and we find the isco radius increases with increasing $c_{13}$ for the first type black hole while decreases with increasing $c_{14}$ for the second one. We also obtain several periodic orbits and find that they share similar taxonomy schemes as the periodic equatorial orbits in the Schwarzschild/Kerr metrics, in addition to exact solutions for certain choices of the Einstein-\AE ther parameters. The equations for null geodesics are also briefly considered, where we study circular photon orbits and bending angles for gravitational lensing.
[ { "created": "Thu, 2 Apr 2020 06:56:00 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Wed, 5 Aug 2020 01:20:30 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2020-08-18
[ [ "Azreg-Aïnou", "Mustapha", "" ], [ "Chen", "Zihang", "" ], [ "Deng", "Bojun", "" ], [ "Jamil", "Mubasher", "" ], [ "Zhu", "Tao", "" ], [ "Wu", "Qiang", "" ], [ "Lim", "Yen-Kheng", "" ] ]
In this paper, we study the motion of test particles around two exact charged black-hole solutions in Einstein-{\AE}ther theory. Specifically, we first consider the quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) and their resonances generated by the particle moving in the Einstein-{\AE}ther black hole and then turn to study the periodic orbits of the massive particles. For QPOs, we drop the usually adopted assumptions $\nu_U=\nu_\theta$, $\nu_L=\nu_r$, and $\nu_U/\nu_L=3/2$ with $\nu_U$ ($\nu_L$) and $\nu_r$ ($\nu_\theta$) being the upper (lower) frequency of QPOs and radial (vertical) epicyclic frequency of the orbiting particles, respectively. Instead, we put-forward a new working ansatz for which the Keplerian radius is much closer to that of the innermost stable circular orbit and explore in detail the effects of the {\ae}ther field on the frequencies of QPOs. We then realize good curves for the frequencies of QPOs, which fit to data of three microquasars very well by ignoring any effects of rotation and magnetic fields. The innermost stable circular orbits (isco) of timelike particles are also analyzed and we find the isco radius increases with increasing $c_{13}$ for the first type black hole while decreases with increasing $c_{14}$ for the second one. We also obtain several periodic orbits and find that they share similar taxonomy schemes as the periodic equatorial orbits in the Schwarzschild/Kerr metrics, in addition to exact solutions for certain choices of the Einstein-\AE ther parameters. The equations for null geodesics are also briefly considered, where we study circular photon orbits and bending angles for gravitational lensing.
1511.08160
Pedro Moraes
P.H.R.S. Moraes and R.A.C. Correa
Braneworld cosmology in $f(R,T)$ gravity
6 pages, 1 figure
null
10.1007/s10509-016-2677-4
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Braneworld scenarios consider our observable universe as a brane embedded in a 5D space, named bulk. In this work, I derive the field equations of a braneworld model in a generalized theory of gravitation, namely $f(R,T)$ gravity, with $R$ and $T$, representing the Ricci scalar and the trace of the energy-momentum tensor, respectively. The cosmological parameters obtained from this approach are in agreement with recent constraints from Supernovae Ia data combined with baryon acoustic oscillations and cosmic microwave background observations, favouring such an alternative description of the universe dynamics.
[ { "created": "Wed, 25 Nov 2015 19:06:32 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Thu, 21 Jan 2016 00:14:28 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2016-02-17
[ [ "Moraes", "P. H. R. S.", "" ], [ "Correa", "R. A. C.", "" ] ]
Braneworld scenarios consider our observable universe as a brane embedded in a 5D space, named bulk. In this work, I derive the field equations of a braneworld model in a generalized theory of gravitation, namely $f(R,T)$ gravity, with $R$ and $T$, representing the Ricci scalar and the trace of the energy-momentum tensor, respectively. The cosmological parameters obtained from this approach are in agreement with recent constraints from Supernovae Ia data combined with baryon acoustic oscillations and cosmic microwave background observations, favouring such an alternative description of the universe dynamics.
1907.13089
Wei-Can Syu
Wei-Can Syu, Da-Shin Lee and Kin-Wang Ng
Quantum loop effects to the power spectrum of primordial perturbations during ultra slow-roll inflation
v3: 13 pages, 9 figures
Phys. Rev. D 101, 025013 (2020)
10.1103/PhysRevD.101.025013
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We examine the quantum loop effects on the single-field inflationary models in a spatially flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) cosmological space-time with a general self-interacting scalar field potential, which is modeled in terms of the Hubble flow parameters in the effective field theory approach. In particular, we focus on the scenarios in both slow-roll to ultra-slow-roll (SR-USR) and SR-USR-SR inflation, in which it is shown that density perturbations originated from quantum vacuum fluctuations can be enhanced at small-scales, and then potentially collapse into primordial black holes (PBHs). Here our estimates indicate significant one-loop corrections around the peak of the density power spectrum in both scenarios. The induced large quantum loop effects should be confirmed by a more formal quantum field theory, and, if so, should be treated in a self-consistent manner that will be discussed.
[ { "created": "Sat, 27 Jul 2019 01:54:48 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Sat, 3 Aug 2019 05:28:43 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Thu, 30 Jan 2020 15:40:38 GMT", "version": "v3" } ]
2020-02-05
[ [ "Syu", "Wei-Can", "" ], [ "Lee", "Da-Shin", "" ], [ "Ng", "Kin-Wang", "" ] ]
We examine the quantum loop effects on the single-field inflationary models in a spatially flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) cosmological space-time with a general self-interacting scalar field potential, which is modeled in terms of the Hubble flow parameters in the effective field theory approach. In particular, we focus on the scenarios in both slow-roll to ultra-slow-roll (SR-USR) and SR-USR-SR inflation, in which it is shown that density perturbations originated from quantum vacuum fluctuations can be enhanced at small-scales, and then potentially collapse into primordial black holes (PBHs). Here our estimates indicate significant one-loop corrections around the peak of the density power spectrum in both scenarios. The induced large quantum loop effects should be confirmed by a more formal quantum field theory, and, if so, should be treated in a self-consistent manner that will be discussed.
2006.05766
Joao Magueijo
Joao Magueijo, Tom Zlosnik and Simone Speziale
Quantum cosmology of a dynamical Lambda
Version to be published in Phys.Rev.D
Phys. Rev. D 102, 064006 (2020)
10.1103/PhysRevD.102.064006
null
gr-qc astro-ph.CO
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
By allowing torsion into the gravitational dynamics one can promote the cosmological constant, $\Lambda$, to a dynamical variable in a class of quasi-topological theories. In this paper we perform a mini-superspace quantization of these theories in the connection representation. If $\Lambda$ is kept fixed, the solution is a delta-normalizable version of the Chern-Simons (CS) state, which is the dual of the Hartle and Hawking and Vilenkin wave-functions. We find that the CS state solves the Wheeler-DeWitt equation also if $\Lambda$ is rendered dynamical by an Euler quasi-topological invariant, {\it in the parity-even branch of the theory}. In the absence of an infra-red (IR) cut-off, the CS state suggests the marginal probability $P(\Lambda)=\delta(\Lambda)$. Should there be an IR cutoff (for whatever reason) the probability is sharply peaked at the cut off. In the parity-odd branch, however, we can still find the CS state as a particular (but not most general) solution, but further work is needed to sharpen the predictions. For the theory based on the Pontryagin invariant (which only has a parity-odd branch) the CS wave function no longer is a solution to the constraints. We find the most general solution in this case, which again leaves room for a range of predictions for $\Lambda$.
[ { "created": "Wed, 10 Jun 2020 10:47:43 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Mon, 31 Aug 2020 11:48:13 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2020-09-16
[ [ "Magueijo", "Joao", "" ], [ "Zlosnik", "Tom", "" ], [ "Speziale", "Simone", "" ] ]
By allowing torsion into the gravitational dynamics one can promote the cosmological constant, $\Lambda$, to a dynamical variable in a class of quasi-topological theories. In this paper we perform a mini-superspace quantization of these theories in the connection representation. If $\Lambda$ is kept fixed, the solution is a delta-normalizable version of the Chern-Simons (CS) state, which is the dual of the Hartle and Hawking and Vilenkin wave-functions. We find that the CS state solves the Wheeler-DeWitt equation also if $\Lambda$ is rendered dynamical by an Euler quasi-topological invariant, {\it in the parity-even branch of the theory}. In the absence of an infra-red (IR) cut-off, the CS state suggests the marginal probability $P(\Lambda)=\delta(\Lambda)$. Should there be an IR cutoff (for whatever reason) the probability is sharply peaked at the cut off. In the parity-odd branch, however, we can still find the CS state as a particular (but not most general) solution, but further work is needed to sharpen the predictions. For the theory based on the Pontryagin invariant (which only has a parity-odd branch) the CS wave function no longer is a solution to the constraints. We find the most general solution in this case, which again leaves room for a range of predictions for $\Lambda$.
1007.3723
William Nelson
Miguel Campiglia, Adam Henderson and William Nelson
Vertex Expansion for the Bianchi I model
15 pages, 2 figures
Phys.Rev.D82:064036,2010
10.1103/PhysRevD.82.064036
null
gr-qc hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
A perturbative expansion of Loop Quantum Cosmological transitions amplitudes of Bianchi I models is performed. Following the procedure outlined in [1,2] for isotropic models, it is shown that the resulting expansion can be written in the form of a series of amplitudes each with a fixed number of transitions mimicking a spin foam expansion. This analogy is more complete than in the isotropic case, since there are now the additional anisotropic degrees of freedom which play the role of `colouring' of the spin foams. Furthermore, the isotropic expansion is recovered by integrating out the anisotropies.
[ { "created": "Wed, 21 Jul 2010 19:12:01 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2010-11-12
[ [ "Campiglia", "Miguel", "" ], [ "Henderson", "Adam", "" ], [ "Nelson", "William", "" ] ]
A perturbative expansion of Loop Quantum Cosmological transitions amplitudes of Bianchi I models is performed. Following the procedure outlined in [1,2] for isotropic models, it is shown that the resulting expansion can be written in the form of a series of amplitudes each with a fixed number of transitions mimicking a spin foam expansion. This analogy is more complete than in the isotropic case, since there are now the additional anisotropic degrees of freedom which play the role of `colouring' of the spin foams. Furthermore, the isotropic expansion is recovered by integrating out the anisotropies.
gr-qc/0510086
Sushil Srivastava
S. K. Srivastava
Dual Nature of the Ricci Scalar and its Certain Consequences
118 pages, suggestions and comments welcome
null
null
null
gr-qc
null
Ricci scalar is the key ingredient of non-Newtonian theory of gravity, where space-time geometry has a crucial role. Normally, it is supposed to be a geometrical field, but interestingly it also behaves like a physical field. Thus it plays dual role in the arena of gravitation. This article is an overview of the work related to dual roles of the Ricci scalar. A scalar is a mathematical concept representing a spinless particle.Here, particle concept, manifesting the physical aspect of the Ricci scalar, is termed as riccion.It is a scalar particle with (mass)$^2$ inversely proportional to the gravitational constant. Many intereseting consequences of dual role of the Ricci scalar are discussed here. It causes inflationary scenario in the early universe without taking another scalar like ``inflaton''. It is found that a riccion behaves like an instanton also. This feature inspires``primordial inflation''.It is interesting to see that a riccion, obtained from higher-dimensional space-time, decouples into fermion and anti-fermion pair, if parity is violated. One-loop renormalization of riccion indicates fractal geometry at high energy.Homogeneous and inhomogeneous models of the early universe are derived using dual role of the Ricci scalar. Production of spinless and spin-1/2 particles, due to riccion coupling, is discussed here. Contribution of riccion to the cosmic dark energy is obtained here through one-loop renormalization and it is shown that dark energy decays to dark matter during expansion of the universe. It inspires a new cosmological scenario consistent with observational evidences.
[ { "created": "Wed, 19 Oct 2005 07:58:12 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Tue, 8 Nov 2005 09:38:31 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2019-02-27
[ [ "Srivastava", "S. K.", "" ] ]
Ricci scalar is the key ingredient of non-Newtonian theory of gravity, where space-time geometry has a crucial role. Normally, it is supposed to be a geometrical field, but interestingly it also behaves like a physical field. Thus it plays dual role in the arena of gravitation. This article is an overview of the work related to dual roles of the Ricci scalar. A scalar is a mathematical concept representing a spinless particle.Here, particle concept, manifesting the physical aspect of the Ricci scalar, is termed as riccion.It is a scalar particle with (mass)$^2$ inversely proportional to the gravitational constant. Many intereseting consequences of dual role of the Ricci scalar are discussed here. It causes inflationary scenario in the early universe without taking another scalar like ``inflaton''. It is found that a riccion behaves like an instanton also. This feature inspires``primordial inflation''.It is interesting to see that a riccion, obtained from higher-dimensional space-time, decouples into fermion and anti-fermion pair, if parity is violated. One-loop renormalization of riccion indicates fractal geometry at high energy.Homogeneous and inhomogeneous models of the early universe are derived using dual role of the Ricci scalar. Production of spinless and spin-1/2 particles, due to riccion coupling, is discussed here. Contribution of riccion to the cosmic dark energy is obtained here through one-loop renormalization and it is shown that dark energy decays to dark matter during expansion of the universe. It inspires a new cosmological scenario consistent with observational evidences.
gr-qc/0008030
Ivan S. N. Booth
Ivan S. Booth
A quasilocal Hamiltonian for gravity with classical and quantum applications
PhD Thesis from University of Waterloo, 199 pages, 10 figures
null
null
null
gr-qc
null
I modify the quasilocal energy formalism of Brown and York into a purely Hamiltonian form. As part of the reformulation, I remove their restriction that the time evolution of the boundary of the spacetime be orthogonal to the leaves of the time foliation. Thus the new formulation allows an arbitrary evolution of the boundary which physically corresponds to allowing general motions of the set of observers making up that boundary. I calculate the rate of change of the quasilocal energy in such situations, show how it transforms with respect to boosts of the boundaries, and use the Lanczos-Israel thin shell formalism to reformulate it from an operational point of view. These steps are performed both for pure gravity and gravity with attendant matter fields. I then apply the formalism to characterize naked black holes and study their properties, investigate gravitational tidal heating, and combine it with the path integral formulation of quantum gravity to analyze the creation of pairs of charged and rotating black holes. I show that one must use complex instantons to study this process though the probabilities of creation remain real and consistent with the view that the entropy of a black hole is the logarithm of the number of its quantum states.
[ { "created": "Mon, 14 Aug 2000 17:47:41 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2007-05-23
[ [ "Booth", "Ivan S.", "" ] ]
I modify the quasilocal energy formalism of Brown and York into a purely Hamiltonian form. As part of the reformulation, I remove their restriction that the time evolution of the boundary of the spacetime be orthogonal to the leaves of the time foliation. Thus the new formulation allows an arbitrary evolution of the boundary which physically corresponds to allowing general motions of the set of observers making up that boundary. I calculate the rate of change of the quasilocal energy in such situations, show how it transforms with respect to boosts of the boundaries, and use the Lanczos-Israel thin shell formalism to reformulate it from an operational point of view. These steps are performed both for pure gravity and gravity with attendant matter fields. I then apply the formalism to characterize naked black holes and study their properties, investigate gravitational tidal heating, and combine it with the path integral formulation of quantum gravity to analyze the creation of pairs of charged and rotating black holes. I show that one must use complex instantons to study this process though the probabilities of creation remain real and consistent with the view that the entropy of a black hole is the logarithm of the number of its quantum states.
1003.4767
Milton Ruiz
Miguel Alcubierre, Juan C. Degollado, Dario Nunez, Milton Ruiz, Marcelo Salgado
Dynamic transition to spontaneous scalarization in boson stars
Minor changes to match the final version to appear in PRD
Phys.Rev.D81:124018,2010
10.1103/PhysRevD.81.124018
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We show that the phenomenon of spontaneous scalarization predicted in neutron stars within the framework of scalar-tensor tensor theories of gravity, also takes place in boson stars without including a self-interaction term for the boson field (other than the mass term), contrary to what was claimed before. The analysis is performed in the physical (Jordan) frame and is based on a 3+1 decomposition of spacetime assuming spherical symmetry.
[ { "created": "Wed, 24 Mar 2010 22:32:43 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Wed, 19 May 2010 20:17:10 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2012-07-30
[ [ "Alcubierre", "Miguel", "" ], [ "Degollado", "Juan C.", "" ], [ "Nunez", "Dario", "" ], [ "Ruiz", "Milton", "" ], [ "Salgado", "Marcelo", "" ] ]
We show that the phenomenon of spontaneous scalarization predicted in neutron stars within the framework of scalar-tensor tensor theories of gravity, also takes place in boson stars without including a self-interaction term for the boson field (other than the mass term), contrary to what was claimed before. The analysis is performed in the physical (Jordan) frame and is based on a 3+1 decomposition of spacetime assuming spherical symmetry.
gr-qc/9907075
Luis A. Nunez
G. Contreras, L.A. N\'u\~nez, and U. Percoco
Ricci Collineations for Non-Degenerate, Diagonal and Spherically Symmetric Ricci Tensors
null
Gen.Rel.Grav. 32 (2000) 285-294
10.1023/A:1001983426767
null
gr-qc
null
The expression of the vector field generator of a Ricci Collineation for diagonal, spherically symmetric and non-degenerate Ricci tensors is obtained. The resulting expressions show that the time and radial first derivatives of the components of the Ricci tensor can be used to classify the collineation, leading to 64 families. Some examples illustrate how to obtain the collineation vector.
[ { "created": "Fri, 23 Jul 1999 16:52:56 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2016-08-15
[ [ "Contreras", "G.", "" ], [ "Núñez", "L. A.", "" ], [ "Percoco", "U.", "" ] ]
The expression of the vector field generator of a Ricci Collineation for diagonal, spherically symmetric and non-degenerate Ricci tensors is obtained. The resulting expressions show that the time and radial first derivatives of the components of the Ricci tensor can be used to classify the collineation, leading to 64 families. Some examples illustrate how to obtain the collineation vector.
2106.13607
Gamal G.L. Nashed
G.G.L. Nashed, S.D. Odintsov and V.K. Oikonomou
Anisotropic compact stars in higher-order curvature theory
16 pages, 12 figures, 3 tables
Eur. Phys. J. C (2021) 81:528
10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09321-3
null
gr-qc hep-th
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
In this paper, we shall consider spherically symmetric spacetime solutions describing the interior of stellar compact objects, in the context of higher-order curvature theory of the f(R) type. We shall derive the non--vacuum field equations of the higher-order curvature theory, without assuming any specific form of the $\mathrm{f(R)}$ theory, specifying the analysis for a spherically symmetric spacetime with two unknown functions. We obtain a system of highly non-linear differential equations, which consists of four differential equations with six unknown functions. To solve such a system, we assume a specific form of metric potentials, using the Krori-Barua ansatz. We successfully solve the system of differential equations, and we derive all the components of the energy-momentum tensor. Moreover, we derive the non-trivial general form of $\mathrm{f(R)}$ that may generate such solutions and calculate the dynamic Ricci scalar of the anisotropic star. Accordingly, we calculate the asymptotic form of the function $\mathrm{f(R)}$, which is a polynomial function. We match the derived interior solution with the exterior one, which was derived in \cite{Nashed:2019tuk}, with the latter also resulting in a non-trivial form of the Ricci scalar. Notably but rather expected, the exterior solution differs from the Schwarzschild one in the context of general relativity. The matching procedure will eventually relate two constants with the mass and radius of the compact stellar object. We list the necessary conditions that any compact anisotropic star must satisfy and explain in detail that our model bypasses all of these conditions for a special compact star $\textit {Her X--1 }$, which has an estimated mass and radius \textit {(mass = 0.85 $\pm 0.15M_{\circledcirc}$\,\, and\, \,radius $= 8.1 \pm 0.41$km)}.
[ { "created": "Fri, 25 Jun 2021 12:58:52 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2021-06-28
[ [ "Nashed", "G. G. L.", "" ], [ "Odintsov", "S. D.", "" ], [ "Oikonomou", "V. K.", "" ] ]
In this paper, we shall consider spherically symmetric spacetime solutions describing the interior of stellar compact objects, in the context of higher-order curvature theory of the f(R) type. We shall derive the non--vacuum field equations of the higher-order curvature theory, without assuming any specific form of the $\mathrm{f(R)}$ theory, specifying the analysis for a spherically symmetric spacetime with two unknown functions. We obtain a system of highly non-linear differential equations, which consists of four differential equations with six unknown functions. To solve such a system, we assume a specific form of metric potentials, using the Krori-Barua ansatz. We successfully solve the system of differential equations, and we derive all the components of the energy-momentum tensor. Moreover, we derive the non-trivial general form of $\mathrm{f(R)}$ that may generate such solutions and calculate the dynamic Ricci scalar of the anisotropic star. Accordingly, we calculate the asymptotic form of the function $\mathrm{f(R)}$, which is a polynomial function. We match the derived interior solution with the exterior one, which was derived in \cite{Nashed:2019tuk}, with the latter also resulting in a non-trivial form of the Ricci scalar. Notably but rather expected, the exterior solution differs from the Schwarzschild one in the context of general relativity. The matching procedure will eventually relate two constants with the mass and radius of the compact stellar object. We list the necessary conditions that any compact anisotropic star must satisfy and explain in detail that our model bypasses all of these conditions for a special compact star $\textit {Her X--1 }$, which has an estimated mass and radius \textit {(mass = 0.85 $\pm 0.15M_{\circledcirc}$\,\, and\, \,radius $= 8.1 \pm 0.41$km)}.
1912.04547
Hideo Iguchi
Tam\'as S. Bir\'o, Viktor G. Czinner, Hideo Iguchi, P\'eter V\'an
Volume dependent extension of Kerr-Newman black hole thermodynamics
6 pages, 1 figure; accepted for publication in Phys. Lett. B
Phys. Lett. B 803 (2020) 135344
10.1016/j.physletb.2020.135344
null
gr-qc cond-mat.stat-mech hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We show that the Hawking--Bekenstein entropy formula is modified by a factor of $8/3$ if one also considers a work term in the 1st law of thermodynamics by a pressure stemming from the Hawking radiation. We give an intuitive definition for the corresponding thermodynamical volume by the implicit definition $\epsilon=Mc^2/V$, which is the average energy density of the Hawking radiation. This volume scales as $V \sim M^5$, agreeing with other suggestions. As a result the corresponding Smarr relation describes an extensive entropy and a stable effective equation of state $S(E,V)\sim E^{3/4}V^{1/4}$. These results pertain for charged and rotating Kerr-Newman black holes.
[ { "created": "Tue, 10 Dec 2019 07:24:58 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Wed, 11 Mar 2020 04:38:01 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2020-04-22
[ [ "Biró", "Tamás S.", "" ], [ "Czinner", "Viktor G.", "" ], [ "Iguchi", "Hideo", "" ], [ "Ván", "Péter", "" ] ]
We show that the Hawking--Bekenstein entropy formula is modified by a factor of $8/3$ if one also considers a work term in the 1st law of thermodynamics by a pressure stemming from the Hawking radiation. We give an intuitive definition for the corresponding thermodynamical volume by the implicit definition $\epsilon=Mc^2/V$, which is the average energy density of the Hawking radiation. This volume scales as $V \sim M^5$, agreeing with other suggestions. As a result the corresponding Smarr relation describes an extensive entropy and a stable effective equation of state $S(E,V)\sim E^{3/4}V^{1/4}$. These results pertain for charged and rotating Kerr-Newman black holes.
2304.08624
Kazufumi Takahashi
Kazufumi Takahashi, Masato Minamitsuji, Hayato Motohashi
Effective description of generalized disformal theories
16 pages
JCAP 07 (2023) 009
10.1088/1475-7516/2023/07/009
YITP-23-46
gr-qc astro-ph.CO hep-th
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Generalized disformal transformations enable us to construct the generalized disformal Horndeski theories, which form the most general class of ghost-free scalar-tensor theories to this date. We extend the effective field theory (EFT) of cosmological perturbations to incorporate these generalized disformal Horndeski theories. The main difference from the conventional EFT is that our extended EFT involves operators with higher spatial derivatives of the lapse function. Our EFT also accommodates the generalized disformal transformation of U-DHOST theories.
[ { "created": "Mon, 17 Apr 2023 21:28:47 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Tue, 4 Jul 2023 21:51:50 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2023-07-06
[ [ "Takahashi", "Kazufumi", "" ], [ "Minamitsuji", "Masato", "" ], [ "Motohashi", "Hayato", "" ] ]
Generalized disformal transformations enable us to construct the generalized disformal Horndeski theories, which form the most general class of ghost-free scalar-tensor theories to this date. We extend the effective field theory (EFT) of cosmological perturbations to incorporate these generalized disformal Horndeski theories. The main difference from the conventional EFT is that our extended EFT involves operators with higher spatial derivatives of the lapse function. Our EFT also accommodates the generalized disformal transformation of U-DHOST theories.
1405.2215
Elizabeth Winstanley
Victor E. Ambrus and Elizabeth Winstanley
Dirac fermions on an anti-de Sitter background
10 pages, 4 figures, submitted to the proceedings of the TIM-13 Physics Conference, 21-24 November 2013, Timisoara, Romania
AIP Conf. Proc. 1634, 40 (2014)
10.1063/1.4903012
null
gr-qc hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Using an exact expression for the bi-spinor of parallel transport, we construct the Feynman propagator for Dirac fermions in the vacuum state on anti-de Sitter space-time. We compute the vacuum expectation value of the stress-energy tensor by removing coincidence-limit divergences using the Hadamard method. We then use the vacuum Feynman propagator to compute thermal expectation values at finite temperature. We end with a discussion of rigidly rotating thermal states.
[ { "created": "Fri, 9 May 2014 12:25:05 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2015-01-05
[ [ "Ambrus", "Victor E.", "" ], [ "Winstanley", "Elizabeth", "" ] ]
Using an exact expression for the bi-spinor of parallel transport, we construct the Feynman propagator for Dirac fermions in the vacuum state on anti-de Sitter space-time. We compute the vacuum expectation value of the stress-energy tensor by removing coincidence-limit divergences using the Hadamard method. We then use the vacuum Feynman propagator to compute thermal expectation values at finite temperature. We end with a discussion of rigidly rotating thermal states.
2304.05852
Diego Rubiera-Garcia
Merce Guerrero, Gonzalo J. Olmo, Diego Rubiera-Garcia
Geodesic completeness of effective null geodesics in regular space-times with non-linear electrodynamics
7 pages, 4 figures
Eur.Phys.J.C 83 (2023) 9, 785
10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-11969-y
IPARCOS-UCM-23-112
gr-qc
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
We study the completeness of light trajectories in certain spherically symmetric regular geometries found in Palatini theories of gravity threaded by non-linear (electromagnetic) fields, which makes their propagation to happen along geodesics of an effective metric. Two types of geodesic restoration mechanisms are employed: by pushing the focal point to infinite affine distance, thus unreachable in finite time by any sets of geodesics, or by the presence of a defocusing surface associated to the development of a wormhole throat. We discuss several examples of such geometries to conclude the completeness of all such effective paths. Our results are of interest both for the finding of singularity-free solutions and for the analysis of their optical appearances e.g. in shadow observations.
[ { "created": "Wed, 12 Apr 2023 13:31:49 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2023-09-25
[ [ "Guerrero", "Merce", "" ], [ "Olmo", "Gonzalo J.", "" ], [ "Rubiera-Garcia", "Diego", "" ] ]
We study the completeness of light trajectories in certain spherically symmetric regular geometries found in Palatini theories of gravity threaded by non-linear (electromagnetic) fields, which makes their propagation to happen along geodesics of an effective metric. Two types of geodesic restoration mechanisms are employed: by pushing the focal point to infinite affine distance, thus unreachable in finite time by any sets of geodesics, or by the presence of a defocusing surface associated to the development of a wormhole throat. We discuss several examples of such geometries to conclude the completeness of all such effective paths. Our results are of interest both for the finding of singularity-free solutions and for the analysis of their optical appearances e.g. in shadow observations.
2301.06483
Guangzhou Guo
Guangzhou Guo, Peng Wang, Houwen Wu and Haitang Yang
Superradiance Instabilities of Charged Black Holes in Einstein-Maxwell-scalar Theory
24 pages, 7 figures, references added
null
10.1007/JHEP07(2023)070
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We study time evolutions of charged scalar perturbations on the background of a charged hairy black hole, in which the perturbations can be governed by a double-peak effective potential. By extracting quasinormal modes from the waveform of scalar perturbations, we discover that some quasinormal modes, which are trapped in a potential well between two potential peaks, can be superradiantly amplified. These superradiant modes make the hairy black hole unstable against charged scalar perturbations. Moreover, it is found that the superradiant modes arise from the competition between the superradiant amplification caused by tunneling through the outer potential barrier and the leakage of modes through the inner potential barrier into the black hole.
[ { "created": "Mon, 16 Jan 2023 15:41:56 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Thu, 2 Feb 2023 08:30:33 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2023-07-26
[ [ "Guo", "Guangzhou", "" ], [ "Wang", "Peng", "" ], [ "Wu", "Houwen", "" ], [ "Yang", "Haitang", "" ] ]
We study time evolutions of charged scalar perturbations on the background of a charged hairy black hole, in which the perturbations can be governed by a double-peak effective potential. By extracting quasinormal modes from the waveform of scalar perturbations, we discover that some quasinormal modes, which are trapped in a potential well between two potential peaks, can be superradiantly amplified. These superradiant modes make the hairy black hole unstable against charged scalar perturbations. Moreover, it is found that the superradiant modes arise from the competition between the superradiant amplification caused by tunneling through the outer potential barrier and the leakage of modes through the inner potential barrier into the black hole.
gr-qc/0211043
Felix Finster
Felix Finster, Joel Smoller, and Shing-Tung Yau
Non-Existence of Black Hole Solutions to Static, Spherically Symmetric Einstein-Dirac Systems - a Critical Discussion
4 pages, 2 figures
null
null
null
gr-qc
null
This short note compares different methods to prove that Einstein-Dirac systems have no static, spherically symmetric solutions.
[ { "created": "Tue, 12 Nov 2002 17:08:09 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2007-05-23
[ [ "Finster", "Felix", "" ], [ "Smoller", "Joel", "" ], [ "Yau", "Shing-Tung", "" ] ]
This short note compares different methods to prove that Einstein-Dirac systems have no static, spherically symmetric solutions.
1512.06397
Sebastiano Bernuzzi
Sebastiano Bernuzzi, David Radice, Christian D. Ott, Luke F. Roberts, Philipp Moesta, Filippo Galeazzi
How loud are neutron star mergers?
6 pages, 3 figures. Waveforms available at https://zenodo.org/record/57844
Phys. Rev. D 94, 024023 (2016)
10.1103/PhysRevD.94.024023
null
gr-qc astro-ph.HE
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We present results from the first large parameter study of neutron star mergers using fully general relativistic simulations with finite-temperature microphysical equations of state and neutrino cooling. We consider equal and unequal-mass binaries drawn from the galactic population and simulate each binary with three different equations of state. Our focus is on the emission of energy and angular momentum in gravitational waves in the postmerger phase. We find that the emitted gravitational-wave energy in the first $\sim$$10\,\mathrm{ms}$ of the life of the resulting hypermassive neutron star (HMNS) is about twice the energy emitted over the entire inspiral history of the binary. The total radiated energy per binary mass is comparable to or larger than that of nonspinning black hole inspiral-mergers. About $0.8-2.5\%$ of the binary mass-energy is emitted at kHz frequencies in the early HMNS evolution. We find a clear dependence of the postmerger GW emission on binary configuration and equation of state and show that it can be encoded as a broad function of the binary tidal coupling constant $\kappa^T_2$. Our results also demonstrate that the dimensionless spin of black holes resulting from subsequent HMNS collapse are limited to $\lesssim0.7-0.8$. This may significantly impact the neutrino pair annihilation mechanism for powering short gamma-ray bursts (sGRB).
[ { "created": "Sun, 20 Dec 2015 16:47:28 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Wed, 13 Jul 2016 21:36:49 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2016-07-20
[ [ "Bernuzzi", "Sebastiano", "" ], [ "Radice", "David", "" ], [ "Ott", "Christian D.", "" ], [ "Roberts", "Luke F.", "" ], [ "Moesta", "Philipp", "" ], [ "Galeazzi", "Filippo", "" ] ]
We present results from the first large parameter study of neutron star mergers using fully general relativistic simulations with finite-temperature microphysical equations of state and neutrino cooling. We consider equal and unequal-mass binaries drawn from the galactic population and simulate each binary with three different equations of state. Our focus is on the emission of energy and angular momentum in gravitational waves in the postmerger phase. We find that the emitted gravitational-wave energy in the first $\sim$$10\,\mathrm{ms}$ of the life of the resulting hypermassive neutron star (HMNS) is about twice the energy emitted over the entire inspiral history of the binary. The total radiated energy per binary mass is comparable to or larger than that of nonspinning black hole inspiral-mergers. About $0.8-2.5\%$ of the binary mass-energy is emitted at kHz frequencies in the early HMNS evolution. We find a clear dependence of the postmerger GW emission on binary configuration and equation of state and show that it can be encoded as a broad function of the binary tidal coupling constant $\kappa^T_2$. Our results also demonstrate that the dimensionless spin of black holes resulting from subsequent HMNS collapse are limited to $\lesssim0.7-0.8$. This may significantly impact the neutrino pair annihilation mechanism for powering short gamma-ray bursts (sGRB).
gr-qc/0102020
Garcia
L.C.Garcia de Andrade
Spin-Polarised Cylinders and Torsion Balances to test Einstein-Cartan Gravity?
latex file
null
null
null
gr-qc
null
Spin-Polarised cylinders with and without axial magnetic fields are obtained as particular families of solutions of Einstein-Cartan gravity (EC).The first solution represents a spin-polarised cylinder in teleparallel gravity.The second solution is a magnetized solution representing a spin-polarised cylinder where the magnetic fields and spins are distributed along the infinite axis of the cylinder.Altough it seems that the first solution is less realist than the second it could be obtained by shielding the magnetic fields with a superconductor.The second solution is computed by taking into account the Ritter et al. experiment with the test spin-polarized mass to test spin dependent forces.Ritter experiment deals with a test mass with $>10^{23}$ spin polarized electrons which leads to a spin density of $10^{-4}gcm^{-1}s^{-1}$.
[ { "created": "Tue, 6 Feb 2001 04:15:35 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2007-05-23
[ [ "de Andrade", "L. C. Garcia", "" ] ]
Spin-Polarised cylinders with and without axial magnetic fields are obtained as particular families of solutions of Einstein-Cartan gravity (EC).The first solution represents a spin-polarised cylinder in teleparallel gravity.The second solution is a magnetized solution representing a spin-polarised cylinder where the magnetic fields and spins are distributed along the infinite axis of the cylinder.Altough it seems that the first solution is less realist than the second it could be obtained by shielding the magnetic fields with a superconductor.The second solution is computed by taking into account the Ritter et al. experiment with the test spin-polarized mass to test spin dependent forces.Ritter experiment deals with a test mass with $>10^{23}$ spin polarized electrons which leads to a spin density of $10^{-4}gcm^{-1}s^{-1}$.
1402.3155
Francesco Cianfrani dr
Emanuele Alesci, Francesco Cianfrani
Quantum Reduced Loop Gravity: Semiclassical limit
23 pages
null
10.1103/PhysRevD.90.024006
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We discuss the semiclassical limit of Quantum Reduced Loop Gravity, a recently proposed model to address the quantum dynamics of the early Universe. We apply the techniques developed in full Loop Quantum Gravity to define the semiclassical states in the kinematical Hilbert space and evaluating the expectation value of the euclidean scalar constraint we demonstrate that it coincides with the classical expression, {\it i.e.} the one of a local Bianchi I dynamics. The result holds as a leading order expansion in the scale factors of the Universe and opens the way to study the subleading corrections to the semiclassical dynamics. We outline how by retaining a suitable finite coordinate length for holonomies our effective Hamiltonian at the leading order coincides with the one expected from LQC. This result is an important step in fixing the correspondence between LQG and LQC.
[ { "created": "Thu, 13 Feb 2014 14:47:43 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2015-06-18
[ [ "Alesci", "Emanuele", "" ], [ "Cianfrani", "Francesco", "" ] ]
We discuss the semiclassical limit of Quantum Reduced Loop Gravity, a recently proposed model to address the quantum dynamics of the early Universe. We apply the techniques developed in full Loop Quantum Gravity to define the semiclassical states in the kinematical Hilbert space and evaluating the expectation value of the euclidean scalar constraint we demonstrate that it coincides with the classical expression, {\it i.e.} the one of a local Bianchi I dynamics. The result holds as a leading order expansion in the scale factors of the Universe and opens the way to study the subleading corrections to the semiclassical dynamics. We outline how by retaining a suitable finite coordinate length for holonomies our effective Hamiltonian at the leading order coincides with the one expected from LQC. This result is an important step in fixing the correspondence between LQG and LQC.
1003.1889
Olivier Minazzoli
Olivier Minazzoli and Bertrand Chauvineau
Explicit form of the Scalar-Tensor metric to be used for propagation of light in the Solar system in continuity of the GR IAU2000 metric
10 pages, 1 figure
null
null
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
The metric recommanded by the IAU2000 resolutions allows propagation of light calculations at the c-3 level in the general relativity framework. In a recent paper [1], motivated by forthcoming space experiments involving propagation of light in the Solar System (ASTROD, GAIA, LATOR, ODYSSEY, SAGAS, SIM, TIPO, ...), we have proposed an extention of the IAU metric equations at the c-4 level. This has been made in the general relativity framework. However, scalar-tensor theories may induce corrections numerically comparable to the c-4 general relativistic terms. Accordingly, one proposes in this paper an extension of [1] to the scalar-tensor case. The case of a strongly hierarchized system (such as the Solar system) is emphasized. In this case, an explicit metric solution is proposed.
[ { "created": "Tue, 9 Mar 2010 14:54:10 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Fri, 12 Mar 2010 07:59:12 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2010-03-15
[ [ "Minazzoli", "Olivier", "" ], [ "Chauvineau", "Bertrand", "" ] ]
The metric recommanded by the IAU2000 resolutions allows propagation of light calculations at the c-3 level in the general relativity framework. In a recent paper [1], motivated by forthcoming space experiments involving propagation of light in the Solar System (ASTROD, GAIA, LATOR, ODYSSEY, SAGAS, SIM, TIPO, ...), we have proposed an extention of the IAU metric equations at the c-4 level. This has been made in the general relativity framework. However, scalar-tensor theories may induce corrections numerically comparable to the c-4 general relativistic terms. Accordingly, one proposes in this paper an extension of [1] to the scalar-tensor case. The case of a strongly hierarchized system (such as the Solar system) is emphasized. In this case, an explicit metric solution is proposed.
gr-qc/0307044
Sergio E. Jor\'as
S.E. Jor\'as and T.J. Stuchi
Chaos in a closed Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe: An imaginary approach
11 pages, 27 figures. Corrected some references and typos
Phys.Rev. D68 (2003) 123525
10.1103/PhysRevD.68.123525
null
gr-qc nlin.CD
null
In this work we study the existence of mechanisms of transition to global chaos in a closed Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe with a massive conformally coupled scalar field. We propose a complexification of the radius of the universe so that the global dynamics can be understood. We show numerically the existence of heteroclinic connections of the unstable and stable manifolds to periodic orbits associated to the saddle-center equilibrium points. We find two bifurcations which are crucial in creating non-collapsing universes both in the real and imaginary version of the models. The techniques presented here can be employed in any cosmological model.
[ { "created": "Wed, 9 Jul 2003 23:36:29 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Thu, 19 Feb 2004 23:40:10 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2009-11-10
[ [ "Jorás", "S. E.", "" ], [ "Stuchi", "T. J.", "" ] ]
In this work we study the existence of mechanisms of transition to global chaos in a closed Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe with a massive conformally coupled scalar field. We propose a complexification of the radius of the universe so that the global dynamics can be understood. We show numerically the existence of heteroclinic connections of the unstable and stable manifolds to periodic orbits associated to the saddle-center equilibrium points. We find two bifurcations which are crucial in creating non-collapsing universes both in the real and imaginary version of the models. The techniques presented here can be employed in any cosmological model.
1210.7466
Junichi Iwasaki
Junichi Iwasaki
Time evolution of Hamiltonian constraint system: an idea applicable to quantum gravity
10 pages
null
null
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
The Hamiltonian constraint system is the canonical formulation of a physical system with a Hamiltonian constrained to vanish. In terms of the canonical variables, we define what we call reference observable, with respect to which other observables evolve. We study if it plays the role of time. As simple examples, we study the theories of non-relativistic and relativistic particles. We outline an application of the idea to general relativity.
[ { "created": "Sun, 28 Oct 2012 14:59:51 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2012-10-30
[ [ "Iwasaki", "Junichi", "" ] ]
The Hamiltonian constraint system is the canonical formulation of a physical system with a Hamiltonian constrained to vanish. In terms of the canonical variables, we define what we call reference observable, with respect to which other observables evolve. We study if it plays the role of time. As simple examples, we study the theories of non-relativistic and relativistic particles. We outline an application of the idea to general relativity.
1511.03785
Babak Vakili
B. Vakili and M. A. Gorji
Nonsingular universe from generalized thermostatistics
6 pages, no figures
Int. J. Mod. Phys. D 25 (2016) 1650028
10.1142/S0218271816500280
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We study the statistical mechanics of the early radiation dominated universe in the context of a generalized uncertainty principle which supports the existence of a minimal length scale. Utilizing the resultant modified thermodynamical quantities, we obtain a deformed Friedmann equation which is very similar to that arises from loop quantum cosmology scenarios. The energy and entropy densities get maximum bounds about Planck temperature and a nonsingular universe then emerges in this setup.
[ { "created": "Thu, 12 Nov 2015 05:50:48 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2016-01-22
[ [ "Vakili", "B.", "" ], [ "Gorji", "M. A.", "" ] ]
We study the statistical mechanics of the early radiation dominated universe in the context of a generalized uncertainty principle which supports the existence of a minimal length scale. Utilizing the resultant modified thermodynamical quantities, we obtain a deformed Friedmann equation which is very similar to that arises from loop quantum cosmology scenarios. The energy and entropy densities get maximum bounds about Planck temperature and a nonsingular universe then emerges in this setup.
1111.4356
Stefano Finazzi
Antonin Coutant, Stefano Finazzi, Stefano Liberati, and Renaud Parentani
Impossibility of superluminal travel in Lorentz violating theories
5 pages, 3 figures
Phys. Rev. D 85, 064020 (2012)
10.1103/PhysRevD.85.064020
null
gr-qc hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Warp drives are space-times allowing for superluminal travel. However, they are quantum mechanically unstable because they produce a Hawking-like radiation which is blue shifted at their front wall without any bound. We reexamine this instability when local Lorentz invariance is violated at ultrahigh energy by dispersion, as in some theories of quantum gravity. Interestingly, even though the ultraviolet divergence is now regulated, warp drives are still unstable. Moreover the type of instability is different whether one uses a subluminal or a superluminal dispersion relation. In the first case, a black-hole laser yields an exponential amplification of the emitted flux whereas, in the second, infrared effects produce a linear growth of that flux. These results suggest that chronology could still be protected when violating Lorentz invariance.
[ { "created": "Fri, 18 Nov 2011 13:28:33 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Wed, 11 Apr 2012 10:05:58 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2012-04-12
[ [ "Coutant", "Antonin", "" ], [ "Finazzi", "Stefano", "" ], [ "Liberati", "Stefano", "" ], [ "Parentani", "Renaud", "" ] ]
Warp drives are space-times allowing for superluminal travel. However, they are quantum mechanically unstable because they produce a Hawking-like radiation which is blue shifted at their front wall without any bound. We reexamine this instability when local Lorentz invariance is violated at ultrahigh energy by dispersion, as in some theories of quantum gravity. Interestingly, even though the ultraviolet divergence is now regulated, warp drives are still unstable. Moreover the type of instability is different whether one uses a subluminal or a superluminal dispersion relation. In the first case, a black-hole laser yields an exponential amplification of the emitted flux whereas, in the second, infrared effects produce a linear growth of that flux. These results suggest that chronology could still be protected when violating Lorentz invariance.
2404.11931
Shagun Kaushal
Sourav Bhattacharya and Shagun Kaushal
Entanglement generation between two comoving Unruh-DeWitt detectors in the cosmological de Sitter spacetime
23 pages, 5 figs
null
null
null
gr-qc quant-ph
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We investigate the entanglement generation or harvesting between two identical Unruh-DeWitt detectors in the cosmological de Sitter spacetime. We consider two comoving two-level detectors at a coincident spatial position. The detectors are assumed to be unentangled initially. The detectors are individually coupled to a scalar field, which eventually leads to coupling between the two detectors. We consider two kinds of scalar fields -- conformally symmetric and massless minimally coupled, for both real and complex cases. By tracing out the degrees of freedom corresponding to the scalar field, we construct the reduced density matrix for the two detectors, whose eigenvalues characterise transitions between the energy levels of the detectors. By using the existing results for the detector response functions per unit proper time for these fields, we next compute the logarithmic negativity, quantifying the degree of entanglement generated at late times between the two detectors. The similarities and differences of these results for different kind of scalar fields have been discussed.
[ { "created": "Thu, 18 Apr 2024 06:20:07 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Sat, 20 Apr 2024 17:39:59 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2024-04-23
[ [ "Bhattacharya", "Sourav", "" ], [ "Kaushal", "Shagun", "" ] ]
We investigate the entanglement generation or harvesting between two identical Unruh-DeWitt detectors in the cosmological de Sitter spacetime. We consider two comoving two-level detectors at a coincident spatial position. The detectors are assumed to be unentangled initially. The detectors are individually coupled to a scalar field, which eventually leads to coupling between the two detectors. We consider two kinds of scalar fields -- conformally symmetric and massless minimally coupled, for both real and complex cases. By tracing out the degrees of freedom corresponding to the scalar field, we construct the reduced density matrix for the two detectors, whose eigenvalues characterise transitions between the energy levels of the detectors. By using the existing results for the detector response functions per unit proper time for these fields, we next compute the logarithmic negativity, quantifying the degree of entanglement generated at late times between the two detectors. The similarities and differences of these results for different kind of scalar fields have been discussed.
0908.3431
Valerio Faraoni
Valerio Faraoni (Bishop's University)
Harrison's interpretation of the cosmological redshift revisited
12 pages, LaTeX, to appear in Gen. Rel. Gravit
null
10.1007/s10714-009-0885-8
null
gr-qc astro-ph.CO
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Harrison's argument against the interpretation of the cosmological redshift as a Doppler effect is revisited, exaggerated, and discussed. The context, purpose, and limitations of the interpretations of this phenomenon are clarified.
[ { "created": "Mon, 24 Aug 2009 13:05:12 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2015-05-14
[ [ "Faraoni", "Valerio", "", "Bishop's University" ] ]
Harrison's argument against the interpretation of the cosmological redshift as a Doppler effect is revisited, exaggerated, and discussed. The context, purpose, and limitations of the interpretations of this phenomenon are clarified.
2208.04218
Patryk Mach
Adam Cie\'slik, Patryk Mach, Andrzej Odrzywolek
Accretion of the relativistic Vlasov gas in the equatorial plane of the Kerr black hole
24 pages, 17 figures
null
10.1103/PhysRevD.106.104056
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We investigate stationary accretion of the collisionless Vlasov gas onto the Kerr black hole, occurring in the equatorial plane. The solution is specified by imposing asymptotic boundary conditions: at infinity the gas obeys the Maxwell-J\"{u}ttner distribution, restricted to the equatorial plane (both in positions and momenta). In the vicinity of the black hole, the motion of the gas is governed by the spacetime geometry. We compute accretion rates of the rest-mass, the energy, and the angular momentum, as well as the particle number surface density, focusing on the dependence of these quantities on the asymptotic temperature of the gas and the black hole spin. The rest-mass and energy accretion rates, normalized by the black hole mass and appropriate asymptotic surface densities of the gas, increase with increasing asymptotic temperature. The accretion slows down the rotation of the black hole.
[ { "created": "Mon, 8 Aug 2022 15:41:46 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2022-12-07
[ [ "Cieślik", "Adam", "" ], [ "Mach", "Patryk", "" ], [ "Odrzywolek", "Andrzej", "" ] ]
We investigate stationary accretion of the collisionless Vlasov gas onto the Kerr black hole, occurring in the equatorial plane. The solution is specified by imposing asymptotic boundary conditions: at infinity the gas obeys the Maxwell-J\"{u}ttner distribution, restricted to the equatorial plane (both in positions and momenta). In the vicinity of the black hole, the motion of the gas is governed by the spacetime geometry. We compute accretion rates of the rest-mass, the energy, and the angular momentum, as well as the particle number surface density, focusing on the dependence of these quantities on the asymptotic temperature of the gas and the black hole spin. The rest-mass and energy accretion rates, normalized by the black hole mass and appropriate asymptotic surface densities of the gas, increase with increasing asymptotic temperature. The accretion slows down the rotation of the black hole.
0805.4179
Raul Vera
Marc Mars, Filipe C. Mena and Ra\"ul Vera
First order perturbations of the Einstein-Straus and Oppenheimer-Snyder models
LaTeX; 29 pages
Phys.Rev.D78:084022,2008
10.1103/PhysRevD.78.084022
null
gr-qc astro-ph
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We derive the linearly perturbed matching conditions between a Schwarzschild spacetime region with stationary and axially symmetric perturbations and a FLRW spacetime with arbitrary perturbations. The matching hypersurface is also perturbed arbitrarily and, in all cases, the perturbations are decomposed into scalars using the Hodge operator on the sphere. This allows us to write down the matching conditions in a compact way. In particular, we find that the existence of a perturbed (rotating, stationary and vacuum) Schwarzschild cavity in a perturbed FLRW universe forces the cosmological perturbations to satisfy constraints that link rotational and gravitational wave perturbations. We also prove that if the perturbation on the FLRW side vanishes identically, then the vacuole must be perturbatively static and hence Schwarzschild. By the dual nature of the problem, the first result translates into links between rotational and gravitational wave perturbations on a perturbed Oppenheimer-Snyder model, where the perturbed FLRW dust collapses in a perturbed Schwarzschild environment which rotates in equilibrium. The second result implies in particular that no region described by FLRW can be a source of the Kerr metric.
[ { "created": "Tue, 27 May 2008 19:44:26 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2008-11-26
[ [ "Mars", "Marc", "" ], [ "Mena", "Filipe C.", "" ], [ "Vera", "Raül", "" ] ]
We derive the linearly perturbed matching conditions between a Schwarzschild spacetime region with stationary and axially symmetric perturbations and a FLRW spacetime with arbitrary perturbations. The matching hypersurface is also perturbed arbitrarily and, in all cases, the perturbations are decomposed into scalars using the Hodge operator on the sphere. This allows us to write down the matching conditions in a compact way. In particular, we find that the existence of a perturbed (rotating, stationary and vacuum) Schwarzschild cavity in a perturbed FLRW universe forces the cosmological perturbations to satisfy constraints that link rotational and gravitational wave perturbations. We also prove that if the perturbation on the FLRW side vanishes identically, then the vacuole must be perturbatively static and hence Schwarzschild. By the dual nature of the problem, the first result translates into links between rotational and gravitational wave perturbations on a perturbed Oppenheimer-Snyder model, where the perturbed FLRW dust collapses in a perturbed Schwarzschild environment which rotates in equilibrium. The second result implies in particular that no region described by FLRW can be a source of the Kerr metric.
1410.3895
Ravindra Saraykar Dr.
R. V. Saraykar and Sujatha Janardhan
Zeeman-like topologies in Special and General theory of Relativity
null
null
null
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
This is a short review article in which we discuss and summarize the works of various researchers over past four decades on Zeeman topology and Zeeman-like topologies, which occur in special and general theory of relativity. We also discuss various properties and inter-relationship of these topologies.
[ { "created": "Tue, 14 Oct 2014 23:45:33 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2014-10-16
[ [ "Saraykar", "R. V.", "" ], [ "Janardhan", "Sujatha", "" ] ]
This is a short review article in which we discuss and summarize the works of various researchers over past four decades on Zeeman topology and Zeeman-like topologies, which occur in special and general theory of relativity. We also discuss various properties and inter-relationship of these topologies.
0904.1263
Morteza Mohseni
M. Mortazavimanesh and Morteza Mohseni
Spinning particles in Schwarzschild-de Sitter space-time
8 pages, 5 eps figures, submitted to Gen.Rel.Grav
Gen.Rel.Grav.41:2697-2706,2009
10.1007/s10714-009-0798-6
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
After considering the reference case of the motion of spinning test bodies in the equatorial plane of the Schwarzschild space-time, we generalize the results to the case of the motion of a spinning particle in the equatorial plane of the Schwarzschild-de Sitter space-time. Specifically, we obtain the loci of turning points of the particle in this plane. We show that the cosmological constant affect the particle motion when the particle distance from the black hole is of the order of the inverse square root of the cosmological constant.
[ { "created": "Wed, 8 Apr 2009 05:42:23 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2014-11-18
[ [ "Mortazavimanesh", "M.", "" ], [ "Mohseni", "Morteza", "" ] ]
After considering the reference case of the motion of spinning test bodies in the equatorial plane of the Schwarzschild space-time, we generalize the results to the case of the motion of a spinning particle in the equatorial plane of the Schwarzschild-de Sitter space-time. Specifically, we obtain the loci of turning points of the particle in this plane. We show that the cosmological constant affect the particle motion when the particle distance from the black hole is of the order of the inverse square root of the cosmological constant.
1704.00599
Zachariah Etienne
Zachariah B. Etienne, Mew-Bing Wan, Maria C. Babiuc, Sean T. McWilliams, Ashok Choudhary
GiRaFFE: An Open-Source General Relativistic Force-Free Electrodynamics Code
23 pages, 4 figures. Consistent with published version
Class. Quantum Grav. 34 (2017) 215001
10.1088/1361-6382/aa8ab3
null
gr-qc astro-ph.HE
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We present GiRaFFE, the first open-source general relativistic force-free electrodynamics (GRFFE) code for dynamical, numerical-relativity generated spacetimes. GiRaFFE adopts the strategy pioneered by McKinney and modified by Paschalidis and Shapiro to convert a GR magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) code into a GRFFE code. In short, GiRaFFE exists as a modification of IllinoisGRMHD, a user-friendly, open-source, dynamical-spacetime GRMHD code. Both GiRaFFE and IllinoisGRMHD leverage the Einstein Toolkit's highly-scalable infrastructure to make possible large-scale simulations of magnetized plasmas in strong, dynamical spacetimes on adaptive-mesh refinement (AMR) grids. We demonstrate that GiRaFFE passes a large suite of both flat and curved-spacetime code tests passed by a number of other state-of-the-art GRFFE codes, and is thus ready for production-scale simulations of GRFFE phenomena of key interest to relativistic astrophysics.
[ { "created": "Thu, 30 Mar 2017 18:00:00 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Sun, 1 Oct 2017 21:44:01 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2017-10-25
[ [ "Etienne", "Zachariah B.", "" ], [ "Wan", "Mew-Bing", "" ], [ "Babiuc", "Maria C.", "" ], [ "McWilliams", "Sean T.", "" ], [ "Choudhary", "Ashok", "" ] ]
We present GiRaFFE, the first open-source general relativistic force-free electrodynamics (GRFFE) code for dynamical, numerical-relativity generated spacetimes. GiRaFFE adopts the strategy pioneered by McKinney and modified by Paschalidis and Shapiro to convert a GR magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) code into a GRFFE code. In short, GiRaFFE exists as a modification of IllinoisGRMHD, a user-friendly, open-source, dynamical-spacetime GRMHD code. Both GiRaFFE and IllinoisGRMHD leverage the Einstein Toolkit's highly-scalable infrastructure to make possible large-scale simulations of magnetized plasmas in strong, dynamical spacetimes on adaptive-mesh refinement (AMR) grids. We demonstrate that GiRaFFE passes a large suite of both flat and curved-spacetime code tests passed by a number of other state-of-the-art GRFFE codes, and is thus ready for production-scale simulations of GRFFE phenomena of key interest to relativistic astrophysics.
2306.16168
Sagarika Tripathy
Sagarika Tripathy, Rathul Nath Raveendran, Krishnamohan Parattu, and L. Sriramkumar
Amplifying quantum discord during inflationary magnetogenesis through violation of parity
24 pages, 5 figures
Phys. Rev. D 108, 123512 (2023)
10.1103/PhysRevD.108.123512
null
gr-qc astro-ph.CO hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
It is well known that, during inflation, the conformal invariance of the electromagnetic action has to be broken in order to produce magnetic fields of observed strengths today. Often, to further enhance the strengths of the magnetic fields, parity is also assumed to be violated when the fields are being generated. In this work, we examine the evolution of the quantum state of the Fourier modes of the non-conformally coupled and parity violating electromagnetic field during inflation. We utilize tools such as the Wigner ellipse, squeezing parameters and quantum discord to understand the evolution of the field. We show that the violation of parity leads to an enhancement of the squeezing amplitude and the quantum discord (or, equivalently, in this context, the entanglement entropy) associated with a pair of opposite wave vectors for one of the two states of polarization (and a suppression for the other state of polarization), when compared to the case wherein parity is conserved. We highlight the similarities between the evolution of the Fourier modes of the electromagnetic field when parity is violated during inflation and the behavior of the modes of a charged, quantum, scalar field in the presence of a constant electric field in a de Sitter universe. We briefly discuss the implications of the results we obtain.
[ { "created": "Wed, 28 Jun 2023 12:44:57 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Wed, 8 Nov 2023 09:54:58 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2023-12-19
[ [ "Tripathy", "Sagarika", "" ], [ "Raveendran", "Rathul Nath", "" ], [ "Parattu", "Krishnamohan", "" ], [ "Sriramkumar", "L.", "" ] ]
It is well known that, during inflation, the conformal invariance of the electromagnetic action has to be broken in order to produce magnetic fields of observed strengths today. Often, to further enhance the strengths of the magnetic fields, parity is also assumed to be violated when the fields are being generated. In this work, we examine the evolution of the quantum state of the Fourier modes of the non-conformally coupled and parity violating electromagnetic field during inflation. We utilize tools such as the Wigner ellipse, squeezing parameters and quantum discord to understand the evolution of the field. We show that the violation of parity leads to an enhancement of the squeezing amplitude and the quantum discord (or, equivalently, in this context, the entanglement entropy) associated with a pair of opposite wave vectors for one of the two states of polarization (and a suppression for the other state of polarization), when compared to the case wherein parity is conserved. We highlight the similarities between the evolution of the Fourier modes of the electromagnetic field when parity is violated during inflation and the behavior of the modes of a charged, quantum, scalar field in the presence of a constant electric field in a de Sitter universe. We briefly discuss the implications of the results we obtain.
0904.0219
Lorenzo Iorio
Lorenzo Iorio
Galactic orbital motions in the Dark Matter, MOdified Newtonian Dynamics and MOdified Gravity scenarios
LaTex2e, 11 pages, 2 tables, 8 figures. Issues concerning the masses of MCs clarified. Integration time changed to -1 Gyr <= t <= +1 Gyr. To appear in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (MNRAS)
Mon.Not.Roy.Astron.Soc.401:2012-2020,2010
10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15811.x
null
gr-qc astro-ph.GA
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We simultaneously integrate in a numerical way the equations of motion of both the Magellanic Clouds (MCs) in MOND, MOG and CDM for -1 <= t <= +1 Gyr to see if, at least in principle, it is possible to discriminate between them (Abridged version).
[ { "created": "Wed, 1 Apr 2009 17:03:26 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Sun, 9 Aug 2009 11:44:24 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Wed, 16 Sep 2009 08:04:40 GMT", "version": "v3" }, { "created": "Thu, 1 Oct 2009 15:45:54 GMT", "version": "v4" } ]
2010-01-12
[ [ "Iorio", "Lorenzo", "" ] ]
We simultaneously integrate in a numerical way the equations of motion of both the Magellanic Clouds (MCs) in MOND, MOG and CDM for -1 <= t <= +1 Gyr to see if, at least in principle, it is possible to discriminate between them (Abridged version).
1907.04341
Jeffrey Hazboun
Jeffrey S. Hazboun and Joseph D. Romano and Tristan L. Smith
Realistic sensitivity curves for pulsar timing arrays
21 pages, 18 figues
Phys. Rev. D 100, 104028 (2019)
10.1103/PhysRevD.100.104028
null
gr-qc astro-ph.IM
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We construct realistic sensitivity curves for pulsar timing array searches for gravitational waves, incorporating both red and white noise contributions to individual pulsar noise spectra, as well as the effect of fitting to a pulsar timing model. We demonstrate the method on both simulated pulsars and a realistic array consisting of a subset of NANOGrav pulsars used in recent analyses. A comparison between the results presented here and exact sensitivity curves shows agreement to tens of percent. The resulting sensitivity curves can be used to assess the detectability of predicted gravitational-wave signals in the nanohertz frequency band in a fraction of the time that it would take to compute the exact sensitivity curves.
[ { "created": "Tue, 9 Jul 2019 18:01:12 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2019-11-20
[ [ "Hazboun", "Jeffrey S.", "" ], [ "Romano", "Joseph D.", "" ], [ "Smith", "Tristan L.", "" ] ]
We construct realistic sensitivity curves for pulsar timing array searches for gravitational waves, incorporating both red and white noise contributions to individual pulsar noise spectra, as well as the effect of fitting to a pulsar timing model. We demonstrate the method on both simulated pulsars and a realistic array consisting of a subset of NANOGrav pulsars used in recent analyses. A comparison between the results presented here and exact sensitivity curves shows agreement to tens of percent. The resulting sensitivity curves can be used to assess the detectability of predicted gravitational-wave signals in the nanohertz frequency band in a fraction of the time that it would take to compute the exact sensitivity curves.
1408.4592
Andrea Geralico
Donato Bini, Fernando de Felice, Andrea Geralico
Strains and axial outflows in the field of a rotating black hole
8 pages, 1 figure; published version
Phys. Rev. D 76, 047502 (2007)
10.1103/PhysRevD.76.047502
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We study the behaviour of an initially spherical bunch of accelerated particles emitted along trajectories parallel to the symmetry axis of a rotating black hole. We find that, under suitable conditions, curvature and inertial strains compete to model the shape of axial outflows of matter contributing to generate jet-like structures. This is of course a purely kinematical effect which does not account by itself for physical processes underlying the formation of jets. In our analysis a crucial role is played by a property of the electric and magnetic part of the Weyl tensor to be Lorentz-invariant boosting along the axis of symmetry in Kerr spacetime.
[ { "created": "Wed, 20 Aug 2014 10:18:31 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2015-06-22
[ [ "Bini", "Donato", "" ], [ "de Felice", "Fernando", "" ], [ "Geralico", "Andrea", "" ] ]
We study the behaviour of an initially spherical bunch of accelerated particles emitted along trajectories parallel to the symmetry axis of a rotating black hole. We find that, under suitable conditions, curvature and inertial strains compete to model the shape of axial outflows of matter contributing to generate jet-like structures. This is of course a purely kinematical effect which does not account by itself for physical processes underlying the formation of jets. In our analysis a crucial role is played by a property of the electric and magnetic part of the Weyl tensor to be Lorentz-invariant boosting along the axis of symmetry in Kerr spacetime.
0807.0060
David Hestenes
David Hestenes
Gauge Gravity and Electroweak Theory
19 pages, no figures, from the Eleventh Marcel Grossmann Meeting on General Relativity
null
10.1142/9789812834300_0026
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Reformulation of the Dirac equation in terms of the real Spacetime Algebra (STA) reveals hidden geometric structure, including a geometric role for the unit imaginary as generator of rotations in a spacelike plane. The STA and the real Dirac equation play essential roles in a new Gauge Theory Gravity (GTG) version of General Relativity (GR). Besides clarifying the conceptual foundations of GR and facilitating complex computations, GTG opens up new possibilities for a unified gauge theory of gravity and quantum mechanics, including spacetime geometry of electroweak interactions. The Weinberg-Salam model fits perfectly into this geometric framework, and a promising variant that replaces chiral states with Majorana states is formulated to incorporate zitterbewegung in electron states.
[ { "created": "Tue, 1 Jul 2008 03:45:40 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2016-11-15
[ [ "Hestenes", "David", "" ] ]
Reformulation of the Dirac equation in terms of the real Spacetime Algebra (STA) reveals hidden geometric structure, including a geometric role for the unit imaginary as generator of rotations in a spacelike plane. The STA and the real Dirac equation play essential roles in a new Gauge Theory Gravity (GTG) version of General Relativity (GR). Besides clarifying the conceptual foundations of GR and facilitating complex computations, GTG opens up new possibilities for a unified gauge theory of gravity and quantum mechanics, including spacetime geometry of electroweak interactions. The Weinberg-Salam model fits perfectly into this geometric framework, and a promising variant that replaces chiral states with Majorana states is formulated to incorporate zitterbewegung in electron states.
gr-qc/0002087
Alexei Zakharov
A. V. Zakharov
Macroscopic Einstein equations for a system of interacting particles and their cosmological applications
10 pages LATEX 2.09
null
null
KSU-GRG-00-az02
gr-qc
null
One of the possible applications of macroscopic Einstein equations has been considered. So, the nonsingular isotropic and uniform cosmological model is built. The cosmological consequences of this model are agree with conclusions of standard hot model of the Universe.
[ { "created": "Fri, 25 Feb 2000 07:16:40 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2007-05-23
[ [ "Zakharov", "A. V.", "" ] ]
One of the possible applications of macroscopic Einstein equations has been considered. So, the nonsingular isotropic and uniform cosmological model is built. The cosmological consequences of this model are agree with conclusions of standard hot model of the Universe.
gr-qc/0605002
Patrick Sutton
Shourov Chatterji, Albert Lazzarini, Leo Stein, Patrick Sutton, Antony Searle, Massimo Tinto
Coherent network analysis technique for discriminating gravitational-wave bursts from instrumental noise
18 pages, 11 figures; corrected corrupted figure
Phys.Rev.D74:082005,2006
10.1103/PhysRevD.74.082005
LIGO-P060009-01-E
gr-qc
null
Existing coherent network analysis techniques for detecting gravitational-wave bursts simultaneously test data from multiple observatories for consistency with the expected properties of the signals. These techniques assume the output of the detector network to be the sum of a stationary Gaussian noise process and a gravitational-wave signal, and they may fail in the presence of transient non-stationarities, which are common in real detectors. In order to address this problem we introduce a consistency test that is robust against noise non-stationarities and allows one to distinguish between gravitational-wave bursts and noise transients. This technique does not require any a priori knowledge of the putative burst waveform.
[ { "created": "Sat, 29 Apr 2006 03:54:04 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Mon, 1 May 2006 21:08:52 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2008-11-26
[ [ "Chatterji", "Shourov", "" ], [ "Lazzarini", "Albert", "" ], [ "Stein", "Leo", "" ], [ "Sutton", "Patrick", "" ], [ "Searle", "Antony", "" ], [ "Tinto", "Massimo", "" ] ]
Existing coherent network analysis techniques for detecting gravitational-wave bursts simultaneously test data from multiple observatories for consistency with the expected properties of the signals. These techniques assume the output of the detector network to be the sum of a stationary Gaussian noise process and a gravitational-wave signal, and they may fail in the presence of transient non-stationarities, which are common in real detectors. In order to address this problem we introduce a consistency test that is robust against noise non-stationarities and allows one to distinguish between gravitational-wave bursts and noise transients. This technique does not require any a priori knowledge of the putative burst waveform.
1101.2084
Daniele Malafarina
Pankaj S. Joshi and Daniele Malafarina
Instability of black hole formation in gravitational collapse
5 pages
Phys.Rev.D83:024009,2011
10.1103/PhysRevD.83.024009
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We consider here the classic scenario given by Oppenheimer, Snyder, and Datt, for the gravitational collapse of a massive matter cloud, and examine its stability under the introduction of small tangential stresses. We show, by offering an explicit class of physically valid tangential stress perturbations, that an introduction of tangential pressure, however small, can qualitatively change the final fate of collapse from a black hole final state to a naked singularity. This shows instability of black hole formation in collapse and sheds important light on the nature of cosmic censorship hypothesis and its possible formulations. The key effect of these perturbations is to alter the trapped surface formation pattern within the collapsing cloud and the apparent horizon structure. This allows the singularity to be visible, and implications are discussed.
[ { "created": "Tue, 11 Jan 2011 10:17:33 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2011-02-02
[ [ "Joshi", "Pankaj S.", "" ], [ "Malafarina", "Daniele", "" ] ]
We consider here the classic scenario given by Oppenheimer, Snyder, and Datt, for the gravitational collapse of a massive matter cloud, and examine its stability under the introduction of small tangential stresses. We show, by offering an explicit class of physically valid tangential stress perturbations, that an introduction of tangential pressure, however small, can qualitatively change the final fate of collapse from a black hole final state to a naked singularity. This shows instability of black hole formation in collapse and sheds important light on the nature of cosmic censorship hypothesis and its possible formulations. The key effect of these perturbations is to alter the trapped surface formation pattern within the collapsing cloud and the apparent horizon structure. This allows the singularity to be visible, and implications are discussed.
1701.06724
Miguel Cruz
Miguel Cruz, Norman Cruz and Samuel Lepe
Phantom solution in a non-linear Israel-Stewart theory
18 pages and 6 figures. Published version in PLB
Phys. Lett. B 769, 159 (2017)
10.1016/j.physletb.2017.03.065
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
In this paper we present a phantom solution with a big rip singularity in a non-linear regime of the Israel-Stewart formalism. In this framework it is possible to extend this causal formalism in order to describe accelerated expansion, where assumption of near equilibrium is no longer valid. We assume a flat universe filled with a single viscous fluid ruled by a barotropic EoS, $p=\omega \rho$, which can represent a late time accelerated phase of the cosmic evolution. The solution allows to cross the phantom divide without evoking an exotic matter fluid and the effective EoS parameter is always lesser than $-1$ and constant in time.
[ { "created": "Tue, 24 Jan 2017 03:57:20 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Wed, 5 Apr 2017 16:04:08 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2017-04-06
[ [ "Cruz", "Miguel", "" ], [ "Cruz", "Norman", "" ], [ "Lepe", "Samuel", "" ] ]
In this paper we present a phantom solution with a big rip singularity in a non-linear regime of the Israel-Stewart formalism. In this framework it is possible to extend this causal formalism in order to describe accelerated expansion, where assumption of near equilibrium is no longer valid. We assume a flat universe filled with a single viscous fluid ruled by a barotropic EoS, $p=\omega \rho$, which can represent a late time accelerated phase of the cosmic evolution. The solution allows to cross the phantom divide without evoking an exotic matter fluid and the effective EoS parameter is always lesser than $-1$ and constant in time.
0810.0671
Mayeul Arminjon
Mayeul Arminjon and Frank Reifler
Quantum mechanics for three versions of the Dirac equation in a curved spacetime
8 pages in standard LaTeX. Text of a talk given at the 11th Conf. "Physical Interpretations of Relativity Theory", London, 12-15 Sept. 2008
null
null
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We present a recent work on the Dirac equation in a curved spacetime. In addition to the standard equation, two alternative versions are considered, derived from wave mechanics, and based on the tensor representation of the Dirac field. The latter considers the Dirac wave function as a spacetime vector and the set of the Dirac matrices as a third-order tensor. Having the probability current conserved for any solution of the Dirac equation gives an equation to be satisfied by the coefficient fields. A positive definite scalar product is defined and a hermiticity condition for the Dirac Hamiltonian is derived for a general coordinate system in a general curved spacetime. For the standard equation, the hermiticity of the Dirac Hamiltonian is not preserved under all admissible changes of the coefficient fields.
[ { "created": "Fri, 3 Oct 2008 15:49:05 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2008-10-06
[ [ "Arminjon", "Mayeul", "" ], [ "Reifler", "Frank", "" ] ]
We present a recent work on the Dirac equation in a curved spacetime. In addition to the standard equation, two alternative versions are considered, derived from wave mechanics, and based on the tensor representation of the Dirac field. The latter considers the Dirac wave function as a spacetime vector and the set of the Dirac matrices as a third-order tensor. Having the probability current conserved for any solution of the Dirac equation gives an equation to be satisfied by the coefficient fields. A positive definite scalar product is defined and a hermiticity condition for the Dirac Hamiltonian is derived for a general coordinate system in a general curved spacetime. For the standard equation, the hermiticity of the Dirac Hamiltonian is not preserved under all admissible changes of the coefficient fields.
1010.0672
Suresh Kumar
Suresh Kumar
Some FRW Models of Accelerating Universe with Dark Energy
10 pages, 5 figures
Astrophysics & Space Science 332 (2011) 449-454
10.1007/s10509-010-0540-6
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
The paper deals with a spatially homogeneous and isotropic FRW space-time filled with perfect fluid and dark energy components. The two sources are assumed to interact minimally, and therefore their energy momentum tensors are conserved separately. A special law of variation for the Hubble parameter proposed by Berman (1983) has been utilized to solve the field equations. The Berman's law yields two explicit forms of the scale factor governing the FRW space-time and constant values of deceleration parameter. The role of dark energy with variable equation of state parameter has been studied in detail in the evolution of FRW universe. It has been found that dark energy dominates the universe at the present epoch, which is consistent with the observations. The physical behavior of the universe is discussed in detail.
[ { "created": "Fri, 1 Oct 2010 03:42:20 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2014-08-21
[ [ "Kumar", "Suresh", "" ] ]
The paper deals with a spatially homogeneous and isotropic FRW space-time filled with perfect fluid and dark energy components. The two sources are assumed to interact minimally, and therefore their energy momentum tensors are conserved separately. A special law of variation for the Hubble parameter proposed by Berman (1983) has been utilized to solve the field equations. The Berman's law yields two explicit forms of the scale factor governing the FRW space-time and constant values of deceleration parameter. The role of dark energy with variable equation of state parameter has been studied in detail in the evolution of FRW universe. It has been found that dark energy dominates the universe at the present epoch, which is consistent with the observations. The physical behavior of the universe is discussed in detail.
0710.0428
Francisco Lobo
Francisco S. N. Lobo
Nature of time and causality in Physics
14 pages, 11 figures. Book chapter to appear in 'Psychology of Time', Elsevier Publishers, editor Simon Grondin. V2: comments, one figure and a reference added; typos corrected
Psychology of Time, 395-422, (2008)
null
null
gr-qc
null
The conceptual definition and understanding of the nature of time, both qualitatively and quantitatively is of the utmost difficulty and importance, and plays a fundamental role in physics. Physical systems seem to evolve in paths of increasing entropy and of complexity, and thus, the arrow of time shall be explored in the context of thermodynamic irreversibility and quantum physics. In Newtonian physics, time flows at a constant rate, the same for all observers; however, it necessarily flows at different rates for different observers in special and general relativity. Special relativity provides important quantitative elucidations of the fundamental processes related to time dilation effects, and general relativity provides a deep analysis to effects of time flow, such as in the presence of gravitational fields. Through the special theory of relativity, time became intimately related with space, giving rise to the notion of spacetime, in which both parameters cannot be considered as separate entities. As time is incorporated into the proper structure of the fabric of spacetime, it is interesting to note that general relativity is contaminated with non-trivial geometries that generate closed timelike curves, and thus apparently violates causality. The notion of causality is fundamental in the construction of physical theories; therefore time travel and its associated paradoxes have to be treated with great caution. These issues are briefly analyzed in this review paper.
[ { "created": "Tue, 2 Oct 2007 02:46:57 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Thu, 14 Feb 2008 14:40:15 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2015-01-14
[ [ "Lobo", "Francisco S. N.", "" ] ]
The conceptual definition and understanding of the nature of time, both qualitatively and quantitatively is of the utmost difficulty and importance, and plays a fundamental role in physics. Physical systems seem to evolve in paths of increasing entropy and of complexity, and thus, the arrow of time shall be explored in the context of thermodynamic irreversibility and quantum physics. In Newtonian physics, time flows at a constant rate, the same for all observers; however, it necessarily flows at different rates for different observers in special and general relativity. Special relativity provides important quantitative elucidations of the fundamental processes related to time dilation effects, and general relativity provides a deep analysis to effects of time flow, such as in the presence of gravitational fields. Through the special theory of relativity, time became intimately related with space, giving rise to the notion of spacetime, in which both parameters cannot be considered as separate entities. As time is incorporated into the proper structure of the fabric of spacetime, it is interesting to note that general relativity is contaminated with non-trivial geometries that generate closed timelike curves, and thus apparently violates causality. The notion of causality is fundamental in the construction of physical theories; therefore time travel and its associated paradoxes have to be treated with great caution. These issues are briefly analyzed in this review paper.
2401.04179
Leonhard Kehrberger
Leonhard Kehrberger, Hamed Masaood
The Case Against Smooth Null Infinity V: Early-Time Asymptotics of Linearised Gravity Around Schwarzschild for Fixed Spherical Harmonic Modes
170 pages, 9 figures, arXiv abstract differs from the paper's abstract. Comments and questions welcome! v2: Fixed a few typos
null
null
null
gr-qc math-ph math.AP math.MP
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Starting from Post-Newtonian predictions for a system of $N$ infalling masses from the infinite past, we formulate and solve a scattering problem for the system of linearised gravity around Schwarzschild as introduced in [DHR19]. The scattering data are posed on a null hypersurface $\mathcal C$ emanating from a section of past null infinity $\mathcal I^-$, and on the part of $\mathcal I^-$ that lies to the future of this section: Along $\mathcal C$, we implement the Post-Newtonian theory-inspired hypothesis that the gauge-invariant components of the Weyl tensor $\alpha$ and $\underline{\alpha}$ (a.k.a. $\Psi_0$ and $\Psi_4$) decay like $r^{-3}$, $r^{-4}$, respectively, and we exclude incoming radiation from $\mathcal I^-$ by demanding the News function to vanish along $\mathcal I^-$. We also show that compactly supported gravitational perturbations along $\mathcal I^-$ induce very similar data, with $\alpha$, $\underline{\alpha}$ decaying like $r^{-3}$, $r^{-5}$ along $\mathcal C$. After constructing the unique solution to this scattering problem, we provide a complete analysis of the asymptotic behaviour of projections onto fixed spherical harmonic number $\ell$ near spacelike $i^0$ and future null infinity $\mathcal I^+$. Using our results, we also give constructive corrections to popular historical notions of asymptotic flatness such as Bondi coordinates or asymptotic simplicity. In particular, confirming earlier heuristics due to Damour and Christodoulou, we find that the peeling property is violated both near $\mathcal I^-$ and near $\mathcal I^+$, with e.g. $\alpha$ near $\mathcal I^+$ only decaying like $r^{-4}$ instead of $r^{-5}$. We also find that the resulting solution decays slower towards $i^0$ than often assumed, with $\alpha$ decaying like $r^{-3}$ towards $i^0$. The issue of summing up the fixed angular mode estimates in $\ell$ is dealt with in forthcoming work.
[ { "created": "Mon, 8 Jan 2024 19:00:11 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Tue, 30 Apr 2024 07:26:35 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2024-05-01
[ [ "Kehrberger", "Leonhard", "" ], [ "Masaood", "Hamed", "" ] ]
Starting from Post-Newtonian predictions for a system of $N$ infalling masses from the infinite past, we formulate and solve a scattering problem for the system of linearised gravity around Schwarzschild as introduced in [DHR19]. The scattering data are posed on a null hypersurface $\mathcal C$ emanating from a section of past null infinity $\mathcal I^-$, and on the part of $\mathcal I^-$ that lies to the future of this section: Along $\mathcal C$, we implement the Post-Newtonian theory-inspired hypothesis that the gauge-invariant components of the Weyl tensor $\alpha$ and $\underline{\alpha}$ (a.k.a. $\Psi_0$ and $\Psi_4$) decay like $r^{-3}$, $r^{-4}$, respectively, and we exclude incoming radiation from $\mathcal I^-$ by demanding the News function to vanish along $\mathcal I^-$. We also show that compactly supported gravitational perturbations along $\mathcal I^-$ induce very similar data, with $\alpha$, $\underline{\alpha}$ decaying like $r^{-3}$, $r^{-5}$ along $\mathcal C$. After constructing the unique solution to this scattering problem, we provide a complete analysis of the asymptotic behaviour of projections onto fixed spherical harmonic number $\ell$ near spacelike $i^0$ and future null infinity $\mathcal I^+$. Using our results, we also give constructive corrections to popular historical notions of asymptotic flatness such as Bondi coordinates or asymptotic simplicity. In particular, confirming earlier heuristics due to Damour and Christodoulou, we find that the peeling property is violated both near $\mathcal I^-$ and near $\mathcal I^+$, with e.g. $\alpha$ near $\mathcal I^+$ only decaying like $r^{-4}$ instead of $r^{-5}$. We also find that the resulting solution decays slower towards $i^0$ than often assumed, with $\alpha$ decaying like $r^{-3}$ towards $i^0$. The issue of summing up the fixed angular mode estimates in $\ell$ is dealt with in forthcoming work.
0909.0912
Antonio F. Ranada
Antonio F. Ranada and Alfredo Tiemblo
On the compatibility of a proposed explanation of the Pioneer anomaly with the cartography of the solar system
8 pages, no figures, corrected typos
null
null
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We analyze here the reasons why an explanation of the Pioneer anomaly proposed by the authors is fully compatible with the cartography of the solar system. First, this proposal posits that the phenomenon is an apparent acceleration, not a real one, caused by a progressive desynchronization of the astronomical and the atomic clock-times, after they had been synchronized at a previous instant. The desynchronization could be caused by a coupling between the background gravitation and the quantum vacuum. Therefore, the standard argument for the incompatibility of the Pioneer acceleration and the values of the planets' orbits radii cannot be applied. Second, this proposal gives exactly the same results for radar ranging observations as standard physics. Hence, it cannot be in conflict with the very precise cartography of the solar system determined by NASA's Viking mission. Otherwise stated, while this proposal predicts apparent changes in the velocities of the spaceships and in the frequencies of Doppler observations, as really observed, it does not affect the values of the distances in any way whatsoever. Note that an acceleration between the astronomical and the atomic clock-times ({\it i. e.} a progressive desynchronization) can not be discarded a priori as long as we will lack a theory of quantum gravity.
[ { "created": "Fri, 4 Sep 2009 16:10:08 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2009-09-07
[ [ "Ranada", "Antonio F.", "" ], [ "Tiemblo", "Alfredo", "" ] ]
We analyze here the reasons why an explanation of the Pioneer anomaly proposed by the authors is fully compatible with the cartography of the solar system. First, this proposal posits that the phenomenon is an apparent acceleration, not a real one, caused by a progressive desynchronization of the astronomical and the atomic clock-times, after they had been synchronized at a previous instant. The desynchronization could be caused by a coupling between the background gravitation and the quantum vacuum. Therefore, the standard argument for the incompatibility of the Pioneer acceleration and the values of the planets' orbits radii cannot be applied. Second, this proposal gives exactly the same results for radar ranging observations as standard physics. Hence, it cannot be in conflict with the very precise cartography of the solar system determined by NASA's Viking mission. Otherwise stated, while this proposal predicts apparent changes in the velocities of the spaceships and in the frequencies of Doppler observations, as really observed, it does not affect the values of the distances in any way whatsoever. Note that an acceleration between the astronomical and the atomic clock-times ({\it i. e.} a progressive desynchronization) can not be discarded a priori as long as we will lack a theory of quantum gravity.
0811.0138
Ilya Mandel
Ilya Mandel, Jonathan R. Gair
Can we Detect Intermediate Mass Ratio Inspirals?
Updated to match published version
Class.Quant.Grav.26:094036,2009
10.1088/0264-9381/26/9/094036
null
gr-qc astro-ph
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Gravitational waves emitted during intermediate-mass-ratio inspirals (IMRIs) of intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) into supermassive black holes could represent a very interesting source for LISA. Similarly, IMRIs of stellar-mass compact objects into IMBHs could be detectable by Advanced LIGO. At present, however, it is not clear what waveforms could be used for IMRI detection, since the post-Newtonian approximation breaks down as an IMRI approaches the innermost stable circular orbit, and perturbative solutions are only known to the lowest order in the mass ratio. We discuss the expected mismatches between approximate and true waveforms, and the choice of the best available waveform as a function of the mass ratio and the total mass of the system. We also comment on the significance of the spin of the smaller body and the need for its inclusion in the waveforms.
[ { "created": "Sun, 2 Nov 2008 07:51:19 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Tue, 10 Feb 2009 13:30:00 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Mon, 20 Apr 2009 16:06:40 GMT", "version": "v3" } ]
2009-11-13
[ [ "Mandel", "Ilya", "" ], [ "Gair", "Jonathan R.", "" ] ]
Gravitational waves emitted during intermediate-mass-ratio inspirals (IMRIs) of intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) into supermassive black holes could represent a very interesting source for LISA. Similarly, IMRIs of stellar-mass compact objects into IMBHs could be detectable by Advanced LIGO. At present, however, it is not clear what waveforms could be used for IMRI detection, since the post-Newtonian approximation breaks down as an IMRI approaches the innermost stable circular orbit, and perturbative solutions are only known to the lowest order in the mass ratio. We discuss the expected mismatches between approximate and true waveforms, and the choice of the best available waveform as a function of the mass ratio and the total mass of the system. We also comment on the significance of the spin of the smaller body and the need for its inclusion in the waveforms.
1907.01561
Vitor Cardoso
Vitor Cardoso, Adrian del Rio, Masashi Kimura
Distinguishing black holes from horizonless objects through the excitation of resonances during inspiral
3+11 pages. v4: corrects one typo (in Eq. A39 and in Eq. 3 for the scalar flux formula) in the published version
Phys. Rev. D 100, 084046 (2019)
10.1103/PhysRevD.100.084046
null
gr-qc astro-ph.HE hep-ph hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
How well is the vacuum Kerr geometry a good description of the dark, compact objects in our universe? Precision measurements of accreting matter in the deep infrared and gravitational-wave measurements of coalescing objects are finally providing answers to this question. Here, we study the possibility of resonant excitation of the modes of the central object -- taken to be very compact but horizonless -- during an extreme-mass-ratio inspiral. We show that for very compact objects resonances are indeed excited. However, the impact of such excitation on the phase of the gravitational-wave signal is negligible, since resonances are crossed very quickly during inspiral.
[ { "created": "Tue, 2 Jul 2019 18:00:05 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Sat, 6 Jul 2019 07:53:43 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Wed, 9 Oct 2019 18:33:51 GMT", "version": "v3" }, { "created": "Mon, 9 Mar 2020 00:11:03 GMT", "version": "v4" } ]
2020-03-10
[ [ "Cardoso", "Vitor", "" ], [ "del Rio", "Adrian", "" ], [ "Kimura", "Masashi", "" ] ]
How well is the vacuum Kerr geometry a good description of the dark, compact objects in our universe? Precision measurements of accreting matter in the deep infrared and gravitational-wave measurements of coalescing objects are finally providing answers to this question. Here, we study the possibility of resonant excitation of the modes of the central object -- taken to be very compact but horizonless -- during an extreme-mass-ratio inspiral. We show that for very compact objects resonances are indeed excited. However, the impact of such excitation on the phase of the gravitational-wave signal is negligible, since resonances are crossed very quickly during inspiral.
gr-qc/0205025
Sawa Manoff
Sawa Manoff
Lagrangian fluid mechanics
10 pages LaTeX
Published in: "Perspectives in Complex Analysis, Differential Geometry and Mathematical Physics". World Scientific, Singapore, 2001, 190-200
null
null
gr-qc
null
The method of Lagrangians with covariant derivative (MLCD) is applied to a special type of Lagrangian density depending on scalar and vector fields as well as on their first covariant derivatives. The corresponding Euler-Lagrange's equations and energy-momentum tensors are found on the basis of the covariant Noether's identities.
[ { "created": "Tue, 7 May 2002 11:09:27 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2007-05-23
[ [ "Manoff", "Sawa", "" ] ]
The method of Lagrangians with covariant derivative (MLCD) is applied to a special type of Lagrangian density depending on scalar and vector fields as well as on their first covariant derivatives. The corresponding Euler-Lagrange's equations and energy-momentum tensors are found on the basis of the covariant Noether's identities.
gr-qc/9902028
Andrey Neronov
V. A. Berezin, A. M. Boyarsky, A. Yu. Neronov
On the spectrum of relativistic Schroedinger equation in finite differences
16 pages, 1 figure
null
null
INR 0115/99
gr-qc
null
We develop a method for constructing asymptotic solutions of finite-difference equations and implement it to a relativistic Schroedinger equation which describes motion of a selfgravitating spherically symmetric dust shell. Exact mass spectrum of black hole formed due to the collapse of the shell is determined from the analysis of asymptotic solutions of the equation.
[ { "created": "Wed, 10 Feb 1999 21:08:09 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Thu, 11 Feb 1999 15:09:29 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2007-05-23
[ [ "Berezin", "V. A.", "" ], [ "Boyarsky", "A. M.", "" ], [ "Neronov", "A. Yu.", "" ] ]
We develop a method for constructing asymptotic solutions of finite-difference equations and implement it to a relativistic Schroedinger equation which describes motion of a selfgravitating spherically symmetric dust shell. Exact mass spectrum of black hole formed due to the collapse of the shell is determined from the analysis of asymptotic solutions of the equation.
gr-qc/0605095
Farook Rahaman
F.Rahaman, M. Kalam and A. Ghosh
Existence of Wormholes in Einstein-Kalb-Ramond space time
5 pages, to appear in Nuovo Cimento B
Nuovo Cim.B121:303-307,2006
10.1393/ncb/i2006-10026-9
null
gr-qc
null
In recent, Kar.S et.al [ Phys Rev D 67,044005 (2003) ] have obtained static spherically symmetric solutions of the Einstein-Kalb-Ramond field equations. We have shown that their solutions, indeed, represent Wormholes.
[ { "created": "Wed, 17 May 2006 07:08:05 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2010-11-11
[ [ "Rahaman", "F.", "" ], [ "Kalam", "M.", "" ], [ "Ghosh", "A.", "" ] ]
In recent, Kar.S et.al [ Phys Rev D 67,044005 (2003) ] have obtained static spherically symmetric solutions of the Einstein-Kalb-Ramond field equations. We have shown that their solutions, indeed, represent Wormholes.
1907.00955
Maciej Kolanowski
Maciej Kolanowski, Jerzy Lewandowski and Adam Szereszewski
Extremal horizons stationary to the second order: new constraints
20 pages, a typo in Eq. (22) corrected
Phys. Rev. D 100, 104057 (2019)
10.1103/PhysRevD.100.104057
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We consider non-expanding shear free (NE-SF) null surface geometries embeddable as extremal Killing horizons to the second order in Einstein vacuum spacetimes. A NE-SF null surface geometry consists of a degenerate metric tensor and a consistent torsion free covariant derivative. We derive the constraints implied by the existence of an embedding. The first constraint is well known as the near horizon geometry equation. The second constraint we find is new. The constraints lead to a complete characterization of those NE-SF null geometries that are embeddable in the extremal Kerr spacetime. Our results are also valid for spacetimes with a cosmological constant.
[ { "created": "Mon, 1 Jul 2019 17:49:09 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Tue, 18 Jan 2022 22:35:35 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2022-01-20
[ [ "Kolanowski", "Maciej", "" ], [ "Lewandowski", "Jerzy", "" ], [ "Szereszewski", "Adam", "" ] ]
We consider non-expanding shear free (NE-SF) null surface geometries embeddable as extremal Killing horizons to the second order in Einstein vacuum spacetimes. A NE-SF null surface geometry consists of a degenerate metric tensor and a consistent torsion free covariant derivative. We derive the constraints implied by the existence of an embedding. The first constraint is well known as the near horizon geometry equation. The second constraint we find is new. The constraints lead to a complete characterization of those NE-SF null geometries that are embeddable in the extremal Kerr spacetime. Our results are also valid for spacetimes with a cosmological constant.
gr-qc/0511011
Ingemar Eriksson
Ingemar Eriksson
Conserved Matter Superenergy Currents for Hypersurface Orthogonal Killing Vectors
13 pages
Class.Quant.Grav. 23 (2006) 2279-2290
10.1088/0264-9381/23/7/005
null
gr-qc
null
We show that for hypersurface orthogonal Killing vectors, the corresponding Chevreton superenergy currents will be conserved and proportional to the Killing vectors. This holds for four-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell spacetimes with an electromagnetic field that is sourcefree and inherits the symmetry of the spacetime. A similar result also holds for the trace of the Chevreton tensor. The corresponding Bel currents have previously been proven to be conserved and our result can be seen as giving further support to the concept of conserved mixed superenergy currents. The analogous case for a scalar field has also previously been proven to give conserved currents and we show, for completeness, that these currents also are proportional to the Killing vectors.
[ { "created": "Wed, 2 Nov 2005 15:29:34 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2015-06-25
[ [ "Eriksson", "Ingemar", "" ] ]
We show that for hypersurface orthogonal Killing vectors, the corresponding Chevreton superenergy currents will be conserved and proportional to the Killing vectors. This holds for four-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell spacetimes with an electromagnetic field that is sourcefree and inherits the symmetry of the spacetime. A similar result also holds for the trace of the Chevreton tensor. The corresponding Bel currents have previously been proven to be conserved and our result can be seen as giving further support to the concept of conserved mixed superenergy currents. The analogous case for a scalar field has also previously been proven to give conserved currents and we show, for completeness, that these currents also are proportional to the Killing vectors.
1010.2086
Christian Corda cordac
Christian Corda
Gravitational wave astronomy: the definitive test for the "Einstein frame versus Jordan frame" controversy
Corrected latest typos. This definitive version matches the version to be published in Astroparticle Physics 34 (2011) 412-419, 22 pages
Astropart.Phys.34:412-419,2011
10.1016/j.astropartphys.2010.10.006
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
The potential realization of a gravitational wave (GW) astronomy in next years is a great challenge for the scientific community. By giving a significant amount of new information, GWs will be a cornerstone for a better understanding of the universe and of the gravitational physics. In this paper the author shows that the GW astronomy will permit to solve a captivating issue of gravitation as it will be the definitive test for the famous "Einstein frame versus Jordan frame" controversy. In fact, we show that the motion of the test masses, i.e. the beam splitter and the mirror in the case of an interferometer, which is due to the scalar component of a GW, is different in the two frames. Thus, if a consistent GW astronomy will be realized, an eventual detection of signals of scalar GWs will permit to discriminate among the two frames. In this way, a direct evidence from observations will solve in an ultimate way the famous and long history of the "Einstein frame versus Jordan frame" controversy.
[ { "created": "Mon, 11 Oct 2010 12:37:52 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Tue, 16 Nov 2010 15:29:12 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Mon, 29 Nov 2010 08:35:46 GMT", "version": "v3" }, { "created": "Tue, 21 Dec 2010 10:05:08 GMT", "version": "v4" } ]
2011-02-01
[ [ "Corda", "Christian", "" ] ]
The potential realization of a gravitational wave (GW) astronomy in next years is a great challenge for the scientific community. By giving a significant amount of new information, GWs will be a cornerstone for a better understanding of the universe and of the gravitational physics. In this paper the author shows that the GW astronomy will permit to solve a captivating issue of gravitation as it will be the definitive test for the famous "Einstein frame versus Jordan frame" controversy. In fact, we show that the motion of the test masses, i.e. the beam splitter and the mirror in the case of an interferometer, which is due to the scalar component of a GW, is different in the two frames. Thus, if a consistent GW astronomy will be realized, an eventual detection of signals of scalar GWs will permit to discriminate among the two frames. In this way, a direct evidence from observations will solve in an ultimate way the famous and long history of the "Einstein frame versus Jordan frame" controversy.
gr-qc/0203084
Irina Radinschi
I. Radinschi (Department of Physics, ``Gh. Asachi'' Technical University, Iasi, Romania)
M{\o}ller Energy-Momentum Complex for an Axially Symmetric Scalar Field
LaTex
null
null
null
gr-qc
null
We calculate the energy-distribution for an axially symmetric scalar field in the M{\o}ller prescription. The total energy is given by the parameter m of the space-time.
[ { "created": "Mon, 25 Mar 2002 09:56:26 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2007-05-23
[ [ "Radinschi", "I.", "", "Department of Physics, ``Gh. Asachi'' Technical\n University, Iasi, Romania" ] ]
We calculate the energy-distribution for an axially symmetric scalar field in the M{\o}ller prescription. The total energy is given by the parameter m of the space-time.
1101.5061
Etera R. Livine
Etera R. Livine
A Short and Subjective Introduction to the Spinfoam Framework for Quantum Gravity
90 pages
null
null
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
This is my Th\`ese d'Habilitation (HDR) on the topic of spinfoam models for quantum gravity, which I presented in l'Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure de Lyon on december 16 2010. The spinfoam framework is a proposal for a regularized path integral for quantum gravity, inspired from Topological Quantum Field Theory (TQFT) and state-sum models. It can also be seen as defining transition amplitudes for the quantum states of geometry for Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG).
[ { "created": "Wed, 26 Jan 2011 13:51:14 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2015-03-18
[ [ "Livine", "Etera R.", "" ] ]
This is my Th\`ese d'Habilitation (HDR) on the topic of spinfoam models for quantum gravity, which I presented in l'Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure de Lyon on december 16 2010. The spinfoam framework is a proposal for a regularized path integral for quantum gravity, inspired from Topological Quantum Field Theory (TQFT) and state-sum models. It can also be seen as defining transition amplitudes for the quantum states of geometry for Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG).
0708.1811
Raymond Burston
R. B. Burston and A. W. C. Lun
1+1+2 Electromagnetic perturbations on general LRS space-times: Regge-Wheeler and Bardeen-Press equations
null
Class.Quant.Grav.25:075003,2008
10.1088/0264-9381/25/7/075003
null
gr-qc
null
We use the, covariant and gauge-invariant, 1+1+2 formalism developed by Clarkson and Barrett, and develop new techniques, to decouple electromagnetic (EM) perturbations on arbitrary locally rotationally symmetric (LRS) space-times. Ultimately, we derive 3 decoupled complex equations governing 3 complex scalars. One of these is a new Regge-Wheeler (RW) equation generalized for LRS space-times, whereas the remaining two are new generalizations of the Bardeen-Press (BP) equations. This is achieved by first using linear algebra techniques to rewrite the first-order Maxwell equations in a new complex 1+1+2 form which is conducive to decoupling. This new complex system immediately yields the generalized RW equation, and furthermore, we also derive a decoupled equation governing a newly defined complex EM 2-vector. Subsequently, a further decomposition of the 1+1+2 formalism into a 1+1+1+1 formalism is developed, allowing us to decompose the complex EM 2-vector, and its governing equations, into spin-weighted scalars, giving rise to the generalized BP equations.
[ { "created": "Tue, 14 Aug 2007 09:44:42 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2008-11-26
[ [ "Burston", "R. B.", "" ], [ "Lun", "A. W. C.", "" ] ]
We use the, covariant and gauge-invariant, 1+1+2 formalism developed by Clarkson and Barrett, and develop new techniques, to decouple electromagnetic (EM) perturbations on arbitrary locally rotationally symmetric (LRS) space-times. Ultimately, we derive 3 decoupled complex equations governing 3 complex scalars. One of these is a new Regge-Wheeler (RW) equation generalized for LRS space-times, whereas the remaining two are new generalizations of the Bardeen-Press (BP) equations. This is achieved by first using linear algebra techniques to rewrite the first-order Maxwell equations in a new complex 1+1+2 form which is conducive to decoupling. This new complex system immediately yields the generalized RW equation, and furthermore, we also derive a decoupled equation governing a newly defined complex EM 2-vector. Subsequently, a further decomposition of the 1+1+2 formalism into a 1+1+1+1 formalism is developed, allowing us to decompose the complex EM 2-vector, and its governing equations, into spin-weighted scalars, giving rise to the generalized BP equations.
gr-qc/0209042
Christodoulakis Theodosios
T. Christodoulakis, G.O. Papadopoulos, A. Dimakis
Automorphisms of Real 4 Dimensional Lie Algebras and the Invariant Characterization of Homogeneous 4-Spaces
LaTeX2e, 23 pages, 2 Tables. To appear in Journal of Physics A: Mathematical & General
J.Phys.A36:427-442,2003
10.1088/0305-4470/36/2/310
null
gr-qc math-ph math.MP
null
The automorphisms of all 4-dimensional, real Lie Algebras are presented in a comprehensive way. Their action on the space of $4\times 4$, real, symmetric and positive definite, matrices, defines equivalence classes which are used for the invariant characterization of the 4-dimensional homogeneous spaces which possess an invariant basis.
[ { "created": "Thu, 12 Sep 2002 09:47:37 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Wed, 13 Nov 2002 12:05:55 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2008-11-26
[ [ "Christodoulakis", "T.", "" ], [ "Papadopoulos", "G. O.", "" ], [ "Dimakis", "A.", "" ] ]
The automorphisms of all 4-dimensional, real Lie Algebras are presented in a comprehensive way. Their action on the space of $4\times 4$, real, symmetric and positive definite, matrices, defines equivalence classes which are used for the invariant characterization of the 4-dimensional homogeneous spaces which possess an invariant basis.
2211.01103
Hugo Roussille
Hugo Roussille
Black hole perturbations in modified gravity theories
PhD thesis (defended 17/06/2022, Universit\'e Paris Cit\'e), 267 pages, 17 figures, 1 appendix, short introduction in French. Based on arXiv:2012.10218, arXiv:2103.14744, arXiv:2103.14750, arXiv:2204.04107, arXiv:2205.07746
null
null
null
gr-qc astro-ph.CO hep-th
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
The recent first detection of gravitational waves (GWs) from binary black hole mergers has spurred a renewed interest in possible deviations from General Relativity (GR), since they could be detected in the GWs emitted by such systems. Of particular interest is the ringdown phase of a binary black hole merger, which can be described by linear perturbations about a background stationary black hole solution. These perturbations mainly correspond to a superposition of 'quasi-normal modes' (QNMs), whose frequencies form a discrete set. One expects that modified gravity models could predict QNMs that differ from their GR counterpart: the detailed analysis of the GW signal represents an invaluable window to test GR and to look for specific signatures of modified gravity. The work done in this thesis takes place in the context of scalar-tensor theories of gravity, and more particularly the Degenerate Higher-Order Scalar-Tensor theories. We start by a review of these theories and their properties, and describe a way to reformulate them in a framework with a clear geometrical interpretation. We then study linear perturbations about several existing nonrotating black hole solutions of such theories, and show why the perturbation equations obtained are very hard to decouple in general. When it is possible, in the case of odd parity perturbations, we describe the propagation of waves and relate it to the stability of the underlying spacetime. When it is not, we circumvent the difficulty by making use of an algorithm proposed recently in the mathematical literature that allows us to decouple the equations both at the black hole horizon and at infinity. This allows us to get the asymptotic behaviour of waves on such spacetimes, yielding valuable information that can allow us to rule some of them out. Finally, we use the asymptotic behaviours obtained to compute QNMs numerically.
[ { "created": "Wed, 2 Nov 2022 13:25:22 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2022-11-03
[ [ "Roussille", "Hugo", "" ] ]
The recent first detection of gravitational waves (GWs) from binary black hole mergers has spurred a renewed interest in possible deviations from General Relativity (GR), since they could be detected in the GWs emitted by such systems. Of particular interest is the ringdown phase of a binary black hole merger, which can be described by linear perturbations about a background stationary black hole solution. These perturbations mainly correspond to a superposition of 'quasi-normal modes' (QNMs), whose frequencies form a discrete set. One expects that modified gravity models could predict QNMs that differ from their GR counterpart: the detailed analysis of the GW signal represents an invaluable window to test GR and to look for specific signatures of modified gravity. The work done in this thesis takes place in the context of scalar-tensor theories of gravity, and more particularly the Degenerate Higher-Order Scalar-Tensor theories. We start by a review of these theories and their properties, and describe a way to reformulate them in a framework with a clear geometrical interpretation. We then study linear perturbations about several existing nonrotating black hole solutions of such theories, and show why the perturbation equations obtained are very hard to decouple in general. When it is possible, in the case of odd parity perturbations, we describe the propagation of waves and relate it to the stability of the underlying spacetime. When it is not, we circumvent the difficulty by making use of an algorithm proposed recently in the mathematical literature that allows us to decouple the equations both at the black hole horizon and at infinity. This allows us to get the asymptotic behaviour of waves on such spacetimes, yielding valuable information that can allow us to rule some of them out. Finally, we use the asymptotic behaviours obtained to compute QNMs numerically.
1912.03868
Cosimo Bambi
Ashutosh Tripathi, Biao Zhou, Askar B. Abdikamalov, Dimitry Ayzenberg, Cosimo Bambi
Search for traversable wormholes in active galactic nuclei using X-ray data
10 pages, 7 figures. v2: refereed version
Phys. Rev. D 101, 064030 (2020)
10.1103/PhysRevD.101.064030
null
gr-qc astro-ph.HE
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
In a previous paper, one of us calculated iron K$\alpha$ line profiles emitted from possible accretion disks around traversable wormholes as a first step to use X-ray reflection spectroscopy to search for astrophysical wormholes in active galactic nuclei. In the present paper, we extend that work and construct an XSPEC model for the whole relativistic reflection spectrum. We apply our model to XMM-Newton and NuSTAR observations of the supermassive object in MCG-6-30-15 and we check whether these observations prefer the hypothesis that the central body is a Kerr black hole or a traversable wormhole. We find that the two models provide equally good fits, so with the available data we cannot distinguish the black hole and wormhole scenarios.
[ { "created": "Mon, 9 Dec 2019 06:16:52 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Mon, 16 Mar 2020 16:28:33 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2020-03-17
[ [ "Tripathi", "Ashutosh", "" ], [ "Zhou", "Biao", "" ], [ "Abdikamalov", "Askar B.", "" ], [ "Ayzenberg", "Dimitry", "" ], [ "Bambi", "Cosimo", "" ] ]
In a previous paper, one of us calculated iron K$\alpha$ line profiles emitted from possible accretion disks around traversable wormholes as a first step to use X-ray reflection spectroscopy to search for astrophysical wormholes in active galactic nuclei. In the present paper, we extend that work and construct an XSPEC model for the whole relativistic reflection spectrum. We apply our model to XMM-Newton and NuSTAR observations of the supermassive object in MCG-6-30-15 and we check whether these observations prefer the hypothesis that the central body is a Kerr black hole or a traversable wormhole. We find that the two models provide equally good fits, so with the available data we cannot distinguish the black hole and wormhole scenarios.
2111.07352
Yu-Xiao Liu
Yu-Qi Dong, Yu-Xiao Liu
Polarization Modes of Gravitational Waves in Palatini Horndeski theory
23 pages, 1 figure, 1 table
Phys.Rev.D 105 (2022) 6, 064035
10.1103/PhysRevD.105.064035
null
gr-qc hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
In this paper, the polarization modes of gravitational waves in Horndeski gravity are studied under the Palatini formalism. After obtaining the linearized equation of perturbations in Minkowski background, we find that the polarization modes of gravitational waves depend on the selection of the theoretical parameters. The polarization modes can be divided into quite rich cases by parameters. In all cases of parameter selection, there are $+$ and $\times$ modes propagating at the speed of light but no vector modes. The only difference from general relativity is scalar modes, especially the scalar degrees of freedom can be 0, 1 or 2 in different cases. The appropriate parameter cases can be expected to be selected in the detection of gravitational wave polarization modes by Lisa, Taiji and TianQin in the future.
[ { "created": "Sun, 14 Nov 2021 14:12:50 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Sat, 20 Nov 2021 15:11:25 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Wed, 23 Mar 2022 09:21:32 GMT", "version": "v3" } ]
2022-03-24
[ [ "Dong", "Yu-Qi", "" ], [ "Liu", "Yu-Xiao", "" ] ]
In this paper, the polarization modes of gravitational waves in Horndeski gravity are studied under the Palatini formalism. After obtaining the linearized equation of perturbations in Minkowski background, we find that the polarization modes of gravitational waves depend on the selection of the theoretical parameters. The polarization modes can be divided into quite rich cases by parameters. In all cases of parameter selection, there are $+$ and $\times$ modes propagating at the speed of light but no vector modes. The only difference from general relativity is scalar modes, especially the scalar degrees of freedom can be 0, 1 or 2 in different cases. The appropriate parameter cases can be expected to be selected in the detection of gravitational wave polarization modes by Lisa, Taiji and TianQin in the future.
1511.04284
Pierre Teyssandier
Bernard Linet and Pierre Teyssandier
Time transfer functions in Schwarzschild-like metrics in the weak-field limit: A unified description of Shapiro and lensing effects
12 pages, added one figure in section 3; a paragraph in Introduction rewritten without changing the argument; corrected typos; one reference added for section 2; Eq. (84) rewritten in a more elegant form; slightly revised argument in section 9, results unchanged
Phys. Rev. D 93, 044028 (2016)
10.1103/PhysRevD.93.044028
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We present a complete analysis of the light rays within the linearized, weak-field approximation of a Schwarzschild-like metric describing the gravitational field of an isolated, spherically symmetric body. We prove in this context the existence of two time transfer functions and we obtain these functions in an exact closed-form. We are led to distinguish two regimes. In the first regime, the two time transfer functions correspond to rays which are confined in regions of spacetime where the weak-field approximation is valid. Such a regime occurs in gravitational lensing configurations with double images of a given source. We find the general expressions of the angular separation and the difference in light travel time between the two images. In the second regime, there exists only one time transfer function corresponding to a light ray remaining in a region of weak field. Performing a Taylor expansion of this function with respect to the gravitational constant, we obtain the Shapiro time delay completed by a series of so-called "enhanced terms". The enhanced terms beyond the third order are new.
[ { "created": "Fri, 13 Nov 2015 14:11:31 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Wed, 10 Feb 2016 15:29:56 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2016-02-17
[ [ "Linet", "Bernard", "" ], [ "Teyssandier", "Pierre", "" ] ]
We present a complete analysis of the light rays within the linearized, weak-field approximation of a Schwarzschild-like metric describing the gravitational field of an isolated, spherically symmetric body. We prove in this context the existence of two time transfer functions and we obtain these functions in an exact closed-form. We are led to distinguish two regimes. In the first regime, the two time transfer functions correspond to rays which are confined in regions of spacetime where the weak-field approximation is valid. Such a regime occurs in gravitational lensing configurations with double images of a given source. We find the general expressions of the angular separation and the difference in light travel time between the two images. In the second regime, there exists only one time transfer function corresponding to a light ray remaining in a region of weak field. Performing a Taylor expansion of this function with respect to the gravitational constant, we obtain the Shapiro time delay completed by a series of so-called "enhanced terms". The enhanced terms beyond the third order are new.
0810.3542
Felipe Falciano
F. T. Falciano, N. Pinto-Neto
Scalar Perturbations in Scalar Field Quantum Cosmology
10 pages, 2 figures, accepted version to Physical Review D 79
Phys.Rev.D79:023507,2009
10.1103/PhysRevD.79.023507
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
In this paper it is shown how to obtain the simplest equations for the Mukhanov-Sasaki variables describing quantum linear scalar perturbations in the case of scalar fields without potential term. This was done through the implementation of canonical transformations at the classical level, and unitary transformations at the quantum level, without ever using any classical background equation, and it completes the simplification initiated in investigations by Langlois \cite{langlois}, and Pinho and Pinto-Neto \cite{emanuel2} for this case. These equations were then used to calculate the spectrum index $n_s$ of quantum scalar perturbations of a non-singular inflationary quantum background model, which starts at infinity past from flat space-time with Planckian size spacelike hypersurfaces, and inflates due to a quantum cosmological effect, until it makes an analytical graceful exit from this inflationary epoch to a decelerated classical stiff matter expansion phase. The result is $n_s=3$, incompatible with observations.
[ { "created": "Mon, 20 Oct 2008 12:14:10 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Tue, 13 Jan 2009 16:19:28 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2009-01-21
[ [ "Falciano", "F. T.", "" ], [ "Pinto-Neto", "N.", "" ] ]
In this paper it is shown how to obtain the simplest equations for the Mukhanov-Sasaki variables describing quantum linear scalar perturbations in the case of scalar fields without potential term. This was done through the implementation of canonical transformations at the classical level, and unitary transformations at the quantum level, without ever using any classical background equation, and it completes the simplification initiated in investigations by Langlois \cite{langlois}, and Pinho and Pinto-Neto \cite{emanuel2} for this case. These equations were then used to calculate the spectrum index $n_s$ of quantum scalar perturbations of a non-singular inflationary quantum background model, which starts at infinity past from flat space-time with Planckian size spacelike hypersurfaces, and inflates due to a quantum cosmological effect, until it makes an analytical graceful exit from this inflationary epoch to a decelerated classical stiff matter expansion phase. The result is $n_s=3$, incompatible with observations.
0806.2716
Molin Liu
Molin Liu, Hongya Liu, Yuanxing Gui
Quasi-Normal Modes of Massless Scalar Field around the 5D Ricci-flat Black String
revtex4 source file, 11 pages, 5 figures
Class.Quant.Grav.25:105001,2008
10.1088/0264-9381/25/10/105001
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
As one candidate of the higher dimensional black holes, the 5D Ricci-flat black string is considered in this paper. By means of a non-trivial potential $V_{n}$, the quasi-normal modes of a massless scalar field around this black string space is studied. By using the classical third order WKB approximation, we analyse carefully the evolution of frequencies in two aspects, one is the induced cosmological constant $\Lambda$ and the other is the quantum number $n$. The massless scalar field decays more slowly because of the existences of the fifth dimension and the induced cosmological constant. If extra dimension has in fact existed near black hole, those quasi-normal frequencies may have some indication on it.
[ { "created": "Tue, 17 Jun 2008 07:15:24 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2008-11-26
[ [ "Liu", "Molin", "" ], [ "Liu", "Hongya", "" ], [ "Gui", "Yuanxing", "" ] ]
As one candidate of the higher dimensional black holes, the 5D Ricci-flat black string is considered in this paper. By means of a non-trivial potential $V_{n}$, the quasi-normal modes of a massless scalar field around this black string space is studied. By using the classical third order WKB approximation, we analyse carefully the evolution of frequencies in two aspects, one is the induced cosmological constant $\Lambda$ and the other is the quantum number $n$. The massless scalar field decays more slowly because of the existences of the fifth dimension and the induced cosmological constant. If extra dimension has in fact existed near black hole, those quasi-normal frequencies may have some indication on it.
gr-qc/0508015
Richard Woodard
E. O. Kahya and R. P. Woodard (University of Florida)
Charged Scalar Self-Mass during Inflation
41 pages, LaTeX 2epsilon, 3 figures, uses axodraw
Phys.Rev. D72 (2005) 104001
10.1103/PhysRevD.72.104001
UFIFT-QG-05-07
gr-qc astro-ph hep-ph
null
We compute the one loop self-mass of a charged massless, minimally coupled scalar in a locally de Sitter background geometry. The computation is done in two different gauges: the noninvariant generalization of Feynman gauge which gives the simplest expression for the photon propagator and the de Sitter invariant gauge of Allen and Jacobson. In each case dimensional regularization is employed and fully renormalized results are obtained. By using our result in the linearized, effective field equations one can infer how the scalar responds to the dielectric medium produced by inflationary particle production. We also work out the result for a conformally coupled scalar. Although the conformally coupled case is of no great physical interest the fact that we obtain a manifestly de Sitter invariant form for its self-mass-squared establishes that our noninvariant gauge introduces no physical breaking of de Sitter invariance at one loop order.
[ { "created": "Wed, 3 Aug 2005 08:26:07 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2013-05-29
[ [ "Kahya", "E. O.", "", "University of Florida" ], [ "Woodard", "R. P.", "", "University of Florida" ] ]
We compute the one loop self-mass of a charged massless, minimally coupled scalar in a locally de Sitter background geometry. The computation is done in two different gauges: the noninvariant generalization of Feynman gauge which gives the simplest expression for the photon propagator and the de Sitter invariant gauge of Allen and Jacobson. In each case dimensional regularization is employed and fully renormalized results are obtained. By using our result in the linearized, effective field equations one can infer how the scalar responds to the dielectric medium produced by inflationary particle production. We also work out the result for a conformally coupled scalar. Although the conformally coupled case is of no great physical interest the fact that we obtain a manifestly de Sitter invariant form for its self-mass-squared establishes that our noninvariant gauge introduces no physical breaking of de Sitter invariance at one loop order.
1510.02035
Kuantay Boshkayev
Kuantay Boshkayev, Hernando Quevedo, Saken Toktarbay, Bakytzhan Zhami and Medeu Abishev
On the equivalence of approximate stationary axially symmetric solutions of Einstein field equations
8 pages
null
10.1134/S0202289316040046
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We study stationary axially symmetric solutions of the Einstein vacuum field equations that can be used to describe the gravitational field of astrophysical compact objects in the limiting case of slow rotation and slight deformation. We derive explicitly the exterior Sedrakyan-Chubaryan approximate solution, and express it in analytical form, which makes it practical in the context of astrophysical applications. In the limiting case of vanishing angular momentum, the solution reduces to the well-known Schwarzschild solution in vacuum. We demonstrate that the new solution is equivalent to the exterior Hartle-Thorne solution. We establish the mathematical equivalence between the Sedrakyan-Chubaryan, Fock-Abdildin and Hartle-Thorne formalisms.
[ { "created": "Wed, 7 Oct 2015 17:28:51 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Wed, 5 Oct 2016 00:21:44 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2016-12-07
[ [ "Boshkayev", "Kuantay", "" ], [ "Quevedo", "Hernando", "" ], [ "Toktarbay", "Saken", "" ], [ "Zhami", "Bakytzhan", "" ], [ "Abishev", "Medeu", "" ] ]
We study stationary axially symmetric solutions of the Einstein vacuum field equations that can be used to describe the gravitational field of astrophysical compact objects in the limiting case of slow rotation and slight deformation. We derive explicitly the exterior Sedrakyan-Chubaryan approximate solution, and express it in analytical form, which makes it practical in the context of astrophysical applications. In the limiting case of vanishing angular momentum, the solution reduces to the well-known Schwarzschild solution in vacuum. We demonstrate that the new solution is equivalent to the exterior Hartle-Thorne solution. We establish the mathematical equivalence between the Sedrakyan-Chubaryan, Fock-Abdildin and Hartle-Thorne formalisms.
1009.3559
Niall \'O Murchadha
Julian Barbour and Niall \'O Murchadha
Conformal Superspace: the configuration space of general relativity
null
null
null
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
It has long been considered that conformal superspace is the natural configuration space for canonical general relativity. However, this was never definitively demonstrated. We have found that the standard conformal method of solving the Einstein constraints has an unexpected extra symmetry. This allows us to complete the project. We show that given a point and a velocity in conformal superspace, the Einstein equations generate a unique curve in conformal superspace.
[ { "created": "Sat, 18 Sep 2010 15:00:12 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2010-09-21
[ [ "Barbour", "Julian", "" ], [ "Murchadha", "Niall Ó", "" ] ]
It has long been considered that conformal superspace is the natural configuration space for canonical general relativity. However, this was never definitively demonstrated. We have found that the standard conformal method of solving the Einstein constraints has an unexpected extra symmetry. This allows us to complete the project. We show that given a point and a velocity in conformal superspace, the Einstein equations generate a unique curve in conformal superspace.
0907.1553
Natalia Kiriushcheva
N. Kiriushcheva and S.V. Kuzmin
The Hamiltonian formulation of N-bein, Einstein-Cartan, gravity in any dimension: the Progress Report (Extended version of a talk given on CAIMS-2009, June 11-14, London, Canada)
48 pages
null
null
null
gr-qc hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
The Hamiltonian formulation of N-bein, Einstein-Cartan, gravity, using its first order form in any dimension higher than two, is analyzed. This Hamiltonian formulation allows to explicitly show where peculiarities of three dimensional case (\textit{A.M.Frolov et al, 0902.0856 [gr-qc]}) occur and make a conjecture, based on presented in this report results, that there is one general for \textit{all} dimensions characteristic of N-bein formulation of gravity: after elimination of second class constraints the algebra of Poisson brackets among remaining first class secondary constraints is the Poincare algebra and in all dimensions N-bein, Cartan-Einstein, gravity \textit{is the Poincare gauge theory}. The gauge symmetry corresponding to the algebra of first class constraints has two parameters - rotational (Lorentz) and translational. Translational invariance is common to all dimensions but some terms in general expressions for gauge transformations of N-beins and connections are zero in a particular, three dimensional, case. The proof of our conjecture is outlined in detail. Some straightforward but tedious calculations remain to be completed to call our conjecture - a theorem and will be reported later.
[ { "created": "Thu, 9 Jul 2009 14:01:45 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2009-07-11
[ [ "Kiriushcheva", "N.", "" ], [ "Kuzmin", "S. V.", "" ] ]
The Hamiltonian formulation of N-bein, Einstein-Cartan, gravity, using its first order form in any dimension higher than two, is analyzed. This Hamiltonian formulation allows to explicitly show where peculiarities of three dimensional case (\textit{A.M.Frolov et al, 0902.0856 [gr-qc]}) occur and make a conjecture, based on presented in this report results, that there is one general for \textit{all} dimensions characteristic of N-bein formulation of gravity: after elimination of second class constraints the algebra of Poisson brackets among remaining first class secondary constraints is the Poincare algebra and in all dimensions N-bein, Cartan-Einstein, gravity \textit{is the Poincare gauge theory}. The gauge symmetry corresponding to the algebra of first class constraints has two parameters - rotational (Lorentz) and translational. Translational invariance is common to all dimensions but some terms in general expressions for gauge transformations of N-beins and connections are zero in a particular, three dimensional, case. The proof of our conjecture is outlined in detail. Some straightforward but tedious calculations remain to be completed to call our conjecture - a theorem and will be reported later.
gr-qc/0502087
Mark A. Miller
Mark Miller
Accuracy requirements for the calculation of gravitational waveforms from coalescing compact binaries in numerical relativity
One figure added, various clarifications and references added; accepted to Phys. Rev. D
Phys.Rev.D71:104016,2005
10.1103/PhysRevD.71.104016
null
gr-qc astro-ph
null
I discuss the accuracy requirements on numerical relativity calculations of inspiraling compact object binaries whose extracted gravitational waveforms are to be used as templates for matched filtering signal extraction and physical parameter estimation in modern interferometric gravitational wave detectors. Using a post-Newtonian point particle model for the pre-merger phase of the binary inspiral, I calculate the maximum allowable errors for the mass and relative velocity and positions of the binary during numerical simulations of the binary inspiral. These maximum allowable errors are compared to the errors of state-of-the-art numerical simulations of multiple-orbit binary neutron star calculations in full general relativity, and are found to be smaller by several orders of magnitude. A post-Newtonian model for the error of these numerical simulations suggests that adaptive mesh refinement coupled with second order accurate finite difference codes will {\it not} be able to robustly obtain the accuracy required for reliable gravitational wave extraction on Terabyte-scale computers. I conclude that higher order methods (higher order finite difference methods and/or spectral methods) combined with adaptive mesh refinement and/or multipatch technology will be needed for robustly accurate gravitational wave extraction from numerical relativity calculations of binary coalescence scenarios.
[ { "created": "Mon, 21 Feb 2005 21:21:17 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Mon, 11 Apr 2005 15:59:42 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2014-11-17
[ [ "Miller", "Mark", "" ] ]
I discuss the accuracy requirements on numerical relativity calculations of inspiraling compact object binaries whose extracted gravitational waveforms are to be used as templates for matched filtering signal extraction and physical parameter estimation in modern interferometric gravitational wave detectors. Using a post-Newtonian point particle model for the pre-merger phase of the binary inspiral, I calculate the maximum allowable errors for the mass and relative velocity and positions of the binary during numerical simulations of the binary inspiral. These maximum allowable errors are compared to the errors of state-of-the-art numerical simulations of multiple-orbit binary neutron star calculations in full general relativity, and are found to be smaller by several orders of magnitude. A post-Newtonian model for the error of these numerical simulations suggests that adaptive mesh refinement coupled with second order accurate finite difference codes will {\it not} be able to robustly obtain the accuracy required for reliable gravitational wave extraction on Terabyte-scale computers. I conclude that higher order methods (higher order finite difference methods and/or spectral methods) combined with adaptive mesh refinement and/or multipatch technology will be needed for robustly accurate gravitational wave extraction from numerical relativity calculations of binary coalescence scenarios.
0810.5356
Mairi Sakellariadou
Mairi Sakellariadou
Lattice refinement in loop quantum cosmology
17 pages, 1 figure, to appear in the Proceedings of "Recent Developments in Gravity-NEB XIII"; Thessaloniki (Greece), June 2008
J.Phys.Conf.Ser.189:012035,2009
10.1088/1742-6596/189/1/012035
null
gr-qc astro-ph hep-ph hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Lattice refinement in LQC, its meaning and its necessity are discussed. The r\^ole of lattice refinement for the realisation of a successful inflationary model is explicitly shown. A simple and effective numerical technique to solve the constraint equation for any choice of lattice refinement model is briefly illustrated. Phenomenological and consistency requirements leading to a particular choice of lattice refinement model are presented, while it is subsequently proved that only this choice of lattice refinement leads to a unique factor ordering in the Wheeler-De Witt equation, which is the continuum limit of LQC.
[ { "created": "Wed, 29 Oct 2008 20:58:46 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2009-11-05
[ [ "Sakellariadou", "Mairi", "" ] ]
Lattice refinement in LQC, its meaning and its necessity are discussed. The r\^ole of lattice refinement for the realisation of a successful inflationary model is explicitly shown. A simple and effective numerical technique to solve the constraint equation for any choice of lattice refinement model is briefly illustrated. Phenomenological and consistency requirements leading to a particular choice of lattice refinement model are presented, while it is subsequently proved that only this choice of lattice refinement leads to a unique factor ordering in the Wheeler-De Witt equation, which is the continuum limit of LQC.
0705.0787
Parvin Moyassari
Hadi Salehi, Parvin Moyassari, Reza Rashidi
On the gravitational coupling of Hadamard states
10 pages
null
null
null
gr-qc
null
We study the constraints imposed by the Hadamard condition on the two-point function of local states of a scalar quantum field conformally coupled to a gravitational background. We propose a method to assign a stress tensor to the state-dependent part of the two point function which arises as a conserved tensor with an anomalous trace. To characterize the local Hadamard states of physical interest we apply a super-selection rule relating this quantum stress tensor to the matter stress tensor of a conformal invariant gravitational model subject to a conformal symmetry breaking term. This implies that the determination of a Hadamard state may be considered as an integral part of its gravitational coupling via the back-reaction effect.
[ { "created": "Sun, 6 May 2007 09:10:33 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2007-05-23
[ [ "Salehi", "Hadi", "" ], [ "Moyassari", "Parvin", "" ], [ "Rashidi", "Reza", "" ] ]
We study the constraints imposed by the Hadamard condition on the two-point function of local states of a scalar quantum field conformally coupled to a gravitational background. We propose a method to assign a stress tensor to the state-dependent part of the two point function which arises as a conserved tensor with an anomalous trace. To characterize the local Hadamard states of physical interest we apply a super-selection rule relating this quantum stress tensor to the matter stress tensor of a conformal invariant gravitational model subject to a conformal symmetry breaking term. This implies that the determination of a Hadamard state may be considered as an integral part of its gravitational coupling via the back-reaction effect.
1909.00438
Charis Anastopoulos
Charis Anastopoulos and Ntina Savvidou
Multi-Time Measurements in Hawking Radiation: Information at Higher-Order Correlations
35 pages, 3 figures. Minor changes, some references added, version to appear in Class. Quant. Grav
null
10.1088/1361-6382/ab5eb2
null
gr-qc hep-th quant-ph
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
It is believed that no information can be stored in Hawking radiation, because correlations between quanta of different field modes vanish. However, such correlations have been defined only with reference to a single moment of time. In this article, we develop a method for the evaluation of {\em multi-time} correlations. We find that these correlations are highly non-trivial: for a scalar field in the Schwarzschild black hole, multi-time correlations have an explicit dependence on angular variables and on the scattering history of Hawking quanta. This result leads us to the conjecture that some pre-collapse information can be stored in multi-time correlations after backreaction effects have been incorporated in the physical description.
[ { "created": "Sun, 1 Sep 2019 17:36:19 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Wed, 4 Dec 2019 17:39:07 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2020-01-29
[ [ "Anastopoulos", "Charis", "" ], [ "Savvidou", "Ntina", "" ] ]
It is believed that no information can be stored in Hawking radiation, because correlations between quanta of different field modes vanish. However, such correlations have been defined only with reference to a single moment of time. In this article, we develop a method for the evaluation of {\em multi-time} correlations. We find that these correlations are highly non-trivial: for a scalar field in the Schwarzschild black hole, multi-time correlations have an explicit dependence on angular variables and on the scattering history of Hawking quanta. This result leads us to the conjecture that some pre-collapse information can be stored in multi-time correlations after backreaction effects have been incorporated in the physical description.
2203.14631
Sayan Kar
Sayan Kar (IIT Kharagpur, India)
Wormholes with a warped extra dimension?
20 pages, 3 figures. Article prepared for the special issue of General Relativity and Gravitation, dedicated to the memory of Professor Thanu Padmanabhan. References added
null
10.1007/s10714-022-02951-2
null
gr-qc
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
We investigate the role of a specifically warped extra dimension in constructing examples of higher dimensional spacetimes representing Lorentzian wormholes. The warping chosen is largely inspired by the well-known non-static Witten bubble of nothing, though our spacetimes are static and geometrically different. Vacuum solutions in $D\geq 5$ dimensions and others (non-asymptotically flat) with `perfectly normal' matter stress energy are interpreted as possible Lorentzian wormholes. Asymptotically flat wormholes in $D\geq 5$ with `exotic matter' and within this class of spacetimes also appear to exist in all dimensions. A wormhole-black hole correspondence via double Wick rotation is revisited and discussed. Finally, geodesic motion as well as the behaviour of geodesic congruences, in the sub-class of five dimensional, warped, vacuum wormhole spacetimes is also briefly analysed, with the aim of obtaining characteristic properties and specific signatures which may help improve our understanding of these geometries.
[ { "created": "Mon, 28 Mar 2022 10:35:16 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Thu, 19 May 2022 05:20:06 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2022-07-20
[ [ "Kar", "Sayan", "", "IIT Kharagpur, India" ] ]
We investigate the role of a specifically warped extra dimension in constructing examples of higher dimensional spacetimes representing Lorentzian wormholes. The warping chosen is largely inspired by the well-known non-static Witten bubble of nothing, though our spacetimes are static and geometrically different. Vacuum solutions in $D\geq 5$ dimensions and others (non-asymptotically flat) with `perfectly normal' matter stress energy are interpreted as possible Lorentzian wormholes. Asymptotically flat wormholes in $D\geq 5$ with `exotic matter' and within this class of spacetimes also appear to exist in all dimensions. A wormhole-black hole correspondence via double Wick rotation is revisited and discussed. Finally, geodesic motion as well as the behaviour of geodesic congruences, in the sub-class of five dimensional, warped, vacuum wormhole spacetimes is also briefly analysed, with the aim of obtaining characteristic properties and specific signatures which may help improve our understanding of these geometries.
1707.01092
Paul Frampton
Paul H. Frampton
Holographic Entanglement Entropy in Cyclic Cosmology
10 pages LaTeX. Rewritten to increase transparency
null
null
null
gr-qc astro-ph.CO hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We discuss a cyclic cosmology in which the visible universe, or introverse, is all that is accessible to an observer while the extroverse represents the total spacetime originating from the time when the dark energy began to dominate. It is argued that entanglement entropy of the introverse is the more appropriate quantity to render infinitely cyclic, rather than the entropy of the total universe. Since vanishing entanglement entropy implies disconnected spacetimes, at the turnaround when the introverse entropy is zero the disconnected extroverse can be jettisoned with impunity.
[ { "created": "Tue, 4 Jul 2017 11:51:45 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Fri, 1 Sep 2017 14:15:10 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2017-09-04
[ [ "Frampton", "Paul H.", "" ] ]
We discuss a cyclic cosmology in which the visible universe, or introverse, is all that is accessible to an observer while the extroverse represents the total spacetime originating from the time when the dark energy began to dominate. It is argued that entanglement entropy of the introverse is the more appropriate quantity to render infinitely cyclic, rather than the entropy of the total universe. Since vanishing entanglement entropy implies disconnected spacetimes, at the turnaround when the introverse entropy is zero the disconnected extroverse can be jettisoned with impunity.
gr-qc/0106029
G. Sudhakaran
G.Sudhakaran, C.Sivaram
Cosmic repulsion in presence of matter
11 pages
null
null
null
gr-qc
null
A basic problem that confronts the standard cosmological models is the problem of initial singularity characterised by infinite material density, infinite temperature and infinite spacetime curvature. The inevitable existence of such a phase of the universe may be considered to be one of the major drawbacks of Einstein's field equations. To some extent inflation models ameliorate this. In the present work we postulate that whenever matter (radiation) arises in flat spacetime, it introduces curvature and causes a repulsive interaction to develop. A modified energy momentum tensor is introduced towards this end, which invokes the temperature, entropy and a cosmic scalar field. This redefinition of the energy momentum distribution when applied to the early universe dynamics has the effect of producing a non-singular initial behaviour. the repulsive interaction introduces some features of an accelarating universe. In this model all cosmological parameters are mathematically well behaved. There is no flatness problem. Temperature at the beginning of this universe is 10^32 kelvin.
[ { "created": "Thu, 7 Jun 2001 18:48:43 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2007-05-23
[ [ "Sudhakaran", "G.", "" ], [ "Sivaram", "C.", "" ] ]
A basic problem that confronts the standard cosmological models is the problem of initial singularity characterised by infinite material density, infinite temperature and infinite spacetime curvature. The inevitable existence of such a phase of the universe may be considered to be one of the major drawbacks of Einstein's field equations. To some extent inflation models ameliorate this. In the present work we postulate that whenever matter (radiation) arises in flat spacetime, it introduces curvature and causes a repulsive interaction to develop. A modified energy momentum tensor is introduced towards this end, which invokes the temperature, entropy and a cosmic scalar field. This redefinition of the energy momentum distribution when applied to the early universe dynamics has the effect of producing a non-singular initial behaviour. the repulsive interaction introduces some features of an accelarating universe. In this model all cosmological parameters are mathematically well behaved. There is no flatness problem. Temperature at the beginning of this universe is 10^32 kelvin.
gr-qc/0610129
Darragh Walsh Mr
D. M. Walsh
Non-uniqueness in conformal formulations of the Einstein constraints
Arguments clarified and typos corrected. Matches published version
Class.Quant.Grav.24:1911-1926,2007
10.1088/0264-9381/24/8/002
null
gr-qc
null
Standard methods in non-linear analysis are used to show that there exists a parabolic branching of solutions of the Lichnerowicz-York equation with an unscaled source. We also apply these methods to the extended conformal thin sandwich formulation and show that if the linearised system develops a kernel solution for sufficiently large initial data then we obtain parabolic solution curves for the conformal factor, lapse and shift identical to those found numerically by Pfeiffer and York. The implications of these results for constrained evolutions are discussed.
[ { "created": "Thu, 26 Oct 2006 19:53:32 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Sat, 28 Apr 2007 23:51:16 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2008-11-26
[ [ "Walsh", "D. M.", "" ] ]
Standard methods in non-linear analysis are used to show that there exists a parabolic branching of solutions of the Lichnerowicz-York equation with an unscaled source. We also apply these methods to the extended conformal thin sandwich formulation and show that if the linearised system develops a kernel solution for sufficiently large initial data then we obtain parabolic solution curves for the conformal factor, lapse and shift identical to those found numerically by Pfeiffer and York. The implications of these results for constrained evolutions are discussed.
1307.1378
Ehsan Hatefi
Luis Alvarez-Gaume, Ehsan Hatefi
More On Critical Collapse of Axion-Dilaton System in Dimension Four
13 pages, Latex file, no figure,v2: to appear in JCAP
JCAP 1310 (2013) 037
10.1088/1475-7516/2013/10/037
CERN-PH-TH/2013-249
gr-qc hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We complete our previous study of critical gravitational collapse in the axion-dilaton system by analysing the hyperbolic and parabolic ans\"atze. As could be expected, the corresponding Choptuik exponents in four-dimensions differ from the elliptic case.
[ { "created": "Thu, 4 Jul 2013 15:38:37 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Wed, 2 Oct 2013 18:00:29 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2013-10-23
[ [ "Alvarez-Gaume", "Luis", "" ], [ "Hatefi", "Ehsan", "" ] ]
We complete our previous study of critical gravitational collapse in the axion-dilaton system by analysing the hyperbolic and parabolic ans\"atze. As could be expected, the corresponding Choptuik exponents in four-dimensions differ from the elliptic case.
1809.07620
Lorenzo Iorio
Lorenzo Iorio
On testing frame-dragging with LAGEOS and a recently announced geodetic satellite
LaTex2e, 27 pages, 3 tables, 7 figures. Accepted for publication
Universe 2018, 4(11), 113
10.3390/universe4110113
null
gr-qc physics.space-ph
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Recently, Ciufolini and coworkers announced the forthcoming launch of a new cannonball geodetic satellite in 2019. It should be injected in an essentially circular path with the same semimajor axis $a$ of LAGEOS, in orbit since 1976, and an inclination $I$ of its orbital plane supplementary with respect to that of its existing cousin. According to their proponents, the sum of the satellites' precessions of the longitudes of the ascending nodes $\Omega$ should allow one to test the general relativistic Lense-Thirring effect to a $\simeq 0.2\%$ accuracy level, with a contribution of the mismodeling in the even zonal harmonics $J_\ell,~\ell=2,4,6,\ldots$ of the geopotential to the total error budget as little as $0.1\%$. Actually, such an ambitious goal seems to be hardly attainable because of the direct and indirect impact of, at least, the first even zonal $J_2$. On the one hand, the lingering scatter of the estimated values of such a key geophysical parameter from different recent GRACE/GOCE-based global gravity field solutions is representative of an uncertainty which may directly impact the summed Lense-Thirring node precessions at a $\simeq 70-80\%$ in the worst scenarios, and to a $\simeq 3-10\%$ level in other, more favorable cases. On the other hand, the phenomenologically measured secular decay $\dot a$ of the semimajor axis of LAGEOS (and, presumably, of the other satellite as well), currently known at a $\sigma_{\dot a}\simeq 0.03~\textrm{m~yr}^{-1}$ level after more than 30 yr, will couple with the sum of the $J_2$-induced node precessions yielding an overall bias as large as $\simeq 20-40\%$ after $5-10$ yr. A further systematic error of the order of $\simeq 2-14\%$ may arise from an analogous interplay of the secular decay of the inclination $\dot I$ with the oblateness-driven node precessions.
[ { "created": "Tue, 18 Sep 2018 20:19:41 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Mon, 22 Oct 2018 14:01:21 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2018-10-30
[ [ "Iorio", "Lorenzo", "" ] ]
Recently, Ciufolini and coworkers announced the forthcoming launch of a new cannonball geodetic satellite in 2019. It should be injected in an essentially circular path with the same semimajor axis $a$ of LAGEOS, in orbit since 1976, and an inclination $I$ of its orbital plane supplementary with respect to that of its existing cousin. According to their proponents, the sum of the satellites' precessions of the longitudes of the ascending nodes $\Omega$ should allow one to test the general relativistic Lense-Thirring effect to a $\simeq 0.2\%$ accuracy level, with a contribution of the mismodeling in the even zonal harmonics $J_\ell,~\ell=2,4,6,\ldots$ of the geopotential to the total error budget as little as $0.1\%$. Actually, such an ambitious goal seems to be hardly attainable because of the direct and indirect impact of, at least, the first even zonal $J_2$. On the one hand, the lingering scatter of the estimated values of such a key geophysical parameter from different recent GRACE/GOCE-based global gravity field solutions is representative of an uncertainty which may directly impact the summed Lense-Thirring node precessions at a $\simeq 70-80\%$ in the worst scenarios, and to a $\simeq 3-10\%$ level in other, more favorable cases. On the other hand, the phenomenologically measured secular decay $\dot a$ of the semimajor axis of LAGEOS (and, presumably, of the other satellite as well), currently known at a $\sigma_{\dot a}\simeq 0.03~\textrm{m~yr}^{-1}$ level after more than 30 yr, will couple with the sum of the $J_2$-induced node precessions yielding an overall bias as large as $\simeq 20-40\%$ after $5-10$ yr. A further systematic error of the order of $\simeq 2-14\%$ may arise from an analogous interplay of the secular decay of the inclination $\dot I$ with the oblateness-driven node precessions.
2009.02311
Pedro Alvarez
Pedro D. Alvarez, Benjamin Koch, Cristobal Laporte and Angel Rincon
Can scale-dependent cosmology alleviate the $H_0$ tension?
revised version, accepted for publication in JCAP
null
10.1088/1475-7516/2021/06/019
null
gr-qc hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Scale-dependence is a common feature to all effective models of quantum gravity. In this paper, a cosmological model based on the scale-dependent scenario of gravity is presented. It is argued that such models, where the scale-dependence appears as a correction to the classical $\Lambda$CDM evolution, have the potential of addressing the tensions between early and late time measurements of $H_0$. After defining criteria to parametrize this tension, we perform a numerical scan over the parameter space of the scale-dependent model, subject to these criteria. In this analysis, it is found that, indeed, the tension can be released.
[ { "created": "Fri, 4 Sep 2020 17:27:46 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Thu, 27 May 2021 20:33:14 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2021-06-23
[ [ "Alvarez", "Pedro D.", "" ], [ "Koch", "Benjamin", "" ], [ "Laporte", "Cristobal", "" ], [ "Rincon", "Angel", "" ] ]
Scale-dependence is a common feature to all effective models of quantum gravity. In this paper, a cosmological model based on the scale-dependent scenario of gravity is presented. It is argued that such models, where the scale-dependence appears as a correction to the classical $\Lambda$CDM evolution, have the potential of addressing the tensions between early and late time measurements of $H_0$. After defining criteria to parametrize this tension, we perform a numerical scan over the parameter space of the scale-dependent model, subject to these criteria. In this analysis, it is found that, indeed, the tension can be released.
gr-qc/9705081
Shijun Yoshida
Shijun Yoshida and Yasufumi Kojima
Accuracy of the relativistic Cowling approximation in slowly rotating stars
5 pages, LaTeX, 3 figures, to appear in Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc
null
10.1093/mnras/289.1.117
null
gr-qc astro-ph
null
We have calculated the non-radial oscillation in slowly rotating relativistic stars with the Cowling approximation. The frequencies are compared with those based on the complete linearized equations of general relativity. It is found that the results with the approximation differ by less than about $20 %$ for typical relativistic stellar models. The approximation is more accurate for higher-order modes as in the Newtonian case.
[ { "created": "Thu, 29 May 1997 11:14:44 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2015-06-25
[ [ "Yoshida", "Shijun", "" ], [ "Kojima", "Yasufumi", "" ] ]
We have calculated the non-radial oscillation in slowly rotating relativistic stars with the Cowling approximation. The frequencies are compared with those based on the complete linearized equations of general relativity. It is found that the results with the approximation differ by less than about $20 %$ for typical relativistic stellar models. The approximation is more accurate for higher-order modes as in the Newtonian case.
gr-qc/0512124
Zelnikov Andrei
Valeri P. Frolov and Andrei Zelnikov
Gravitational field of charged gyratons
11 pages, some new comments and new references added. To appear in Classical and Quantum Gravity
Class.Quant.Grav. 23 (2006) 2119-2128
10.1088/0264-9381/23/6/014
Alberta-Thy-15-05
gr-qc
null
We study relativistic gyratons which carry an electric charge. The Einstein-Maxwell equations in arbitrary dimensions are solved exactly in the case of a charged gyraton propagating in an asymptotically flat metric.
[ { "created": "Thu, 22 Dec 2005 00:03:20 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Thu, 9 Feb 2006 00:03:12 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2009-11-11
[ [ "Frolov", "Valeri P.", "" ], [ "Zelnikov", "Andrei", "" ] ]
We study relativistic gyratons which carry an electric charge. The Einstein-Maxwell equations in arbitrary dimensions are solved exactly in the case of a charged gyraton propagating in an asymptotically flat metric.
2406.01412
Tomi Koivisto
Damianos Iosifidis, Erik Jensko, Tomi S. Koivisto
Relativistic interacting fluids in cosmology
15 pages, 1 figure
null
null
null
gr-qc astro-ph.CO
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Motivated by cosmological applications for interacting matters, an extension of the action functional for relativistic fluids is proposed to incorporate the physics of non-adiabatic processes and chemical reactions. The former are characterised by entropy growth, while the latter violate particle number conservation. The relevance of these physics is demonstrated in the contexts of self-interacting fluids, fluids interacting with scalar fields, and hyperhydrodynamical interactions with geometry. The possible cosmological applications range from early-universe phase transitions to astrophysical phenomena, and from matter creation inflationary alternatives to interacting dark sector alternatives to the $\Lambda$CDM model that aim to address its tensions. As an example of the latter, a single fluid model of a unified dark sector is presented. The simple action of the model features one field and one parameter, yet it can both reproduce the $\Lambda$CDM cosmology and predict new phenomenology.
[ { "created": "Mon, 3 Jun 2024 15:12:42 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2024-06-04
[ [ "Iosifidis", "Damianos", "" ], [ "Jensko", "Erik", "" ], [ "Koivisto", "Tomi S.", "" ] ]
Motivated by cosmological applications for interacting matters, an extension of the action functional for relativistic fluids is proposed to incorporate the physics of non-adiabatic processes and chemical reactions. The former are characterised by entropy growth, while the latter violate particle number conservation. The relevance of these physics is demonstrated in the contexts of self-interacting fluids, fluids interacting with scalar fields, and hyperhydrodynamical interactions with geometry. The possible cosmological applications range from early-universe phase transitions to astrophysical phenomena, and from matter creation inflationary alternatives to interacting dark sector alternatives to the $\Lambda$CDM model that aim to address its tensions. As an example of the latter, a single fluid model of a unified dark sector is presented. The simple action of the model features one field and one parameter, yet it can both reproduce the $\Lambda$CDM cosmology and predict new phenomenology.
2012.05424
Ran Li
Ran Li, Jin Wang
Energy and entropy compensation, phase transition and kinetics of four dimensional charged Gauss-Bonnet Anti-de Sitter black holes on the underlying free energy landscape
References added
null
null
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We study the phase transition and the kinetics of the four dimensional charged AdS black hole in GB gravity based on the free energy landscape. Below the critical temperature, the free energy landscape topography has the shape of double basins with each representing one stable/unstable black hole phase. The thermodynamic small/large black hole phase transition is determined by the equal depths of the basins. We also demonstrate the underlying kinetics of the phase transition by studying the time evolution of the probability distribution of the state in the ensemble as well as the MFPT and the kinetic fluctuation of the state switching process caused by the thermal fluctuations. The final distribution is determined by the Boltzmann law and the MFPT and its fluctuation are closely related to the free energy landscape topography through barrier heights and ensemble temperature. Furthermore, we provide a complete description of the kinetics of phase transition with different physical parameters. The free energy is the result of the delicate balance and competition between the two relatively large numbers, the energy and entropy multiplied by temperature. Low energy and low entropy can give rise to a stable thermodynamic state in terms of free energy minimum (energy/mass preferred) while the high energy and high entropy can also give rise to a stable state in terms of free energy minimum. When the GB coupling constant increases, or the electric charge (potential) increases, or the pressure (absolute value of cosmological constant) decreases, it is easier for the small black hole state to escape to the large black hole state. Meanwhile, the inverse process becomes harder, i.e. the small (large) black hole state becomes less (more) stable.
[ { "created": "Thu, 10 Dec 2020 02:50:41 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Sat, 12 Dec 2020 02:46:24 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2020-12-15
[ [ "Li", "Ran", "" ], [ "Wang", "Jin", "" ] ]
We study the phase transition and the kinetics of the four dimensional charged AdS black hole in GB gravity based on the free energy landscape. Below the critical temperature, the free energy landscape topography has the shape of double basins with each representing one stable/unstable black hole phase. The thermodynamic small/large black hole phase transition is determined by the equal depths of the basins. We also demonstrate the underlying kinetics of the phase transition by studying the time evolution of the probability distribution of the state in the ensemble as well as the MFPT and the kinetic fluctuation of the state switching process caused by the thermal fluctuations. The final distribution is determined by the Boltzmann law and the MFPT and its fluctuation are closely related to the free energy landscape topography through barrier heights and ensemble temperature. Furthermore, we provide a complete description of the kinetics of phase transition with different physical parameters. The free energy is the result of the delicate balance and competition between the two relatively large numbers, the energy and entropy multiplied by temperature. Low energy and low entropy can give rise to a stable thermodynamic state in terms of free energy minimum (energy/mass preferred) while the high energy and high entropy can also give rise to a stable state in terms of free energy minimum. When the GB coupling constant increases, or the electric charge (potential) increases, or the pressure (absolute value of cosmological constant) decreases, it is easier for the small black hole state to escape to the large black hole state. Meanwhile, the inverse process becomes harder, i.e. the small (large) black hole state becomes less (more) stable.
1205.0911
Alejandro Perez
Alejandro Perez
The new spin foam models and quantum gravity
To appear in Papers in Physics
null
null
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
In this article we give a systematic definition of the recently introduced spin foam models for four dimensional quantum gravity reviewing the main results on their semiclassical limit on fixed discretizations.
[ { "created": "Fri, 4 May 2012 10:42:37 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2012-05-07
[ [ "Perez", "Alejandro", "" ] ]
In this article we give a systematic definition of the recently introduced spin foam models for four dimensional quantum gravity reviewing the main results on their semiclassical limit on fixed discretizations.
gr-qc/0010036
Hiroyuki Nakano
Hiroyuki Nakano, Misao Sasaki
Gravitational reaction force on a particle in the Schwarzschild background
15 pages, no figure, submitted to Prog. Theor. Phys
Prog.Theor.Phys.105:197-218,2001
10.1143/PTP.105.197
OU-TAP-145
gr-qc astro-ph
null
We formulate a new method to calculate the gravitational reaction force on a particle of mass $\mu$ orbiting a massive black hole of mass $M$. In this formalism, the tail part of the retarded Green function, which is responsible for the reaction force, is calculated at the level of the Teukolsky equation. Our method naturally allows a systematic post-Minkowskian (PM) expansion of the tail part at short distances. As a first step, we consider the case of a Schwarzschild black hole and explicitly calculate the first post-Newtonian (1PN) tail part of the Green function. There are, however, a couple of issues to be resolved before explicitly evaluating the reaction force by applying the present method. We discuss possible resolutions of these issues.
[ { "created": "Tue, 10 Oct 2000 08:56:38 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Tue, 17 Oct 2000 06:45:13 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Wed, 17 Jan 2001 03:50:08 GMT", "version": "v3" } ]
2009-10-09
[ [ "Nakano", "Hiroyuki", "" ], [ "Sasaki", "Misao", "" ] ]
We formulate a new method to calculate the gravitational reaction force on a particle of mass $\mu$ orbiting a massive black hole of mass $M$. In this formalism, the tail part of the retarded Green function, which is responsible for the reaction force, is calculated at the level of the Teukolsky equation. Our method naturally allows a systematic post-Minkowskian (PM) expansion of the tail part at short distances. As a first step, we consider the case of a Schwarzschild black hole and explicitly calculate the first post-Newtonian (1PN) tail part of the Green function. There are, however, a couple of issues to be resolved before explicitly evaluating the reaction force by applying the present method. We discuss possible resolutions of these issues.
gr-qc/0506031
Hermann Nicolai
H. Nicolai
Gravitational Billiards, Dualities and Hidden Symmetries
37 pages, invited contribution to the volume "100 years of relativity spacetime structure: Einstein and beyond", ed. A. Ashtekar
null
null
AEI-2005-024
gr-qc
null
The purpose of this article is to highlight the fascinating, but only very incompletely understood relation between Einstein's theory and its generalizations on the one hand, and the theory of indefinite, and in particular hyperbolic, Kac Moody algebras on the other. The elucidation of this link could lead to yet another revolution in our understanding of Einstein's theory and attempts to quantize it.
[ { "created": "Mon, 6 Jun 2005 08:10:07 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2007-05-23
[ [ "Nicolai", "H.", "" ] ]
The purpose of this article is to highlight the fascinating, but only very incompletely understood relation between Einstein's theory and its generalizations on the one hand, and the theory of indefinite, and in particular hyperbolic, Kac Moody algebras on the other. The elucidation of this link could lead to yet another revolution in our understanding of Einstein's theory and attempts to quantize it.
0905.2730
Ahmadjon Abdujabbarov
Ahmadjon Abdujabbarov, Bobomurat Ahmedov
Charged Particle Motion Around Rotating Black Hole in Braneworld Immersed in Magnetic Field
9 pages, 8 figures, revised version to be resubmitted to Phys. Rev. D
Phys.Rev.D81:044022,2010
10.1103/PhysRevD.81.044022
null
gr-qc astro-ph.SR
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Analytical solutions of Maxwell equations in background spacetime of black hole in braneworld immersed in external uniform magnetic field have been found. Influence of both magnetic and brane parameters on effective potential of the radial motion of charged test particle around slowly rotating black hole in braneworld immersed in uniform magnetic field has been investigated by using Hamilton-Jacobi method. Exact analytical solution for dependence of the radius of the innermost stable circular orbits (ISCO) $r_{\rm ISCO}$ from brane parameter for motion of test particle around nonrotating isolated black hole in braneworld has been derived. It has been shown that radius $r_{\rm ISCO}$ is monotonically growing with the increase of module of brane tidal charge. Comparison of the predictions on $r_{\rm ISCO}$ of the brane world model and of the observational results of ISCO from relativistic accretion disks around black holes provided upper limit for brane tidal charge $\lesssim 10^9 {\rm cm}^2$.
[ { "created": "Sun, 17 May 2009 11:47:04 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2010-05-12
[ [ "Abdujabbarov", "Ahmadjon", "" ], [ "Ahmedov", "Bobomurat", "" ] ]
Analytical solutions of Maxwell equations in background spacetime of black hole in braneworld immersed in external uniform magnetic field have been found. Influence of both magnetic and brane parameters on effective potential of the radial motion of charged test particle around slowly rotating black hole in braneworld immersed in uniform magnetic field has been investigated by using Hamilton-Jacobi method. Exact analytical solution for dependence of the radius of the innermost stable circular orbits (ISCO) $r_{\rm ISCO}$ from brane parameter for motion of test particle around nonrotating isolated black hole in braneworld has been derived. It has been shown that radius $r_{\rm ISCO}$ is monotonically growing with the increase of module of brane tidal charge. Comparison of the predictions on $r_{\rm ISCO}$ of the brane world model and of the observational results of ISCO from relativistic accretion disks around black holes provided upper limit for brane tidal charge $\lesssim 10^9 {\rm cm}^2$.
1609.03613
Davi Rodrigues
Davi C. Rodrigues, Sebasti\~ao Mauro, \'Alefe O. F. de Almeida
Solar System constraints on Renormalization Group extended General Relativity: The PPN and Laplace-Runge-Lenz analyses with the external potential effect
13 pages, 4 figures. Added references and minor corrections in text. Version to appear in PRD
Phys. Rev. D 94, 084036 (2016)
10.1103/PhysRevD.94.084036
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
General Relativity extensions based on Renormalization Group effects are motivated by a known physical principle and constitute a class of extended gravity theories that have some unexplored unique aspects. In this work we develop in detail the Newtonian and post Newtonian limits of a realisation called Renormalization Group extended General Relativity (RGGR). Special attention is taken to the external potential effect, which constitutes a type of screening mechanism typical of RGGR. In the Solar System, RGGR depends on a single dimensionless parameter $\bar \nu_\odot$, and this parameter is such that for $\bar \nu_\odot = 0$ one fully recovers GR in the Solar System. Previously this parameter was constrained to be $|\bar \nu_\odot| \lesssim 10^{-21}$, without considering the external potential effect. Here we show that under a certain approximation RGGR can be cast in a form compatible with the Parametrised Post-Newtonian (PPN) formalism, and we use both the PPN formalism and the Laplace-Runge-Lenz technique to put new bounds on $\bar \nu_\odot$, either considering or not the external potential effect. With the external potential effect the new bound reads $|\bar \nu_\odot| \lesssim 10^{-16}$. We discuss the possible consequences of this bound to the dark matter abundance in galaxies.
[ { "created": "Mon, 12 Sep 2016 21:59:34 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Sun, 9 Oct 2016 21:19:23 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2016-10-27
[ [ "Rodrigues", "Davi C.", "" ], [ "Mauro", "Sebastião", "" ], [ "de Almeida", "Álefe O. F.", "" ] ]
General Relativity extensions based on Renormalization Group effects are motivated by a known physical principle and constitute a class of extended gravity theories that have some unexplored unique aspects. In this work we develop in detail the Newtonian and post Newtonian limits of a realisation called Renormalization Group extended General Relativity (RGGR). Special attention is taken to the external potential effect, which constitutes a type of screening mechanism typical of RGGR. In the Solar System, RGGR depends on a single dimensionless parameter $\bar \nu_\odot$, and this parameter is such that for $\bar \nu_\odot = 0$ one fully recovers GR in the Solar System. Previously this parameter was constrained to be $|\bar \nu_\odot| \lesssim 10^{-21}$, without considering the external potential effect. Here we show that under a certain approximation RGGR can be cast in a form compatible with the Parametrised Post-Newtonian (PPN) formalism, and we use both the PPN formalism and the Laplace-Runge-Lenz technique to put new bounds on $\bar \nu_\odot$, either considering or not the external potential effect. With the external potential effect the new bound reads $|\bar \nu_\odot| \lesssim 10^{-16}$. We discuss the possible consequences of this bound to the dark matter abundance in galaxies.
1401.1400
Mohammad Reza Setare
M. R. Setare and V. Kamali
Some aspects of non-abelian gauge field inflation model
12 pages, 4 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1308.5674
null
null
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
In this paper we study non-abelian gauge field inflation (gauge-flation) model in the context of intermediate and logamediate scenario. Important parameters of this model are presented for these two cases. Numerical study shows that the intermediate and logamediate gauge-flation are compatible with WMAP9 observational data. For intermediate inflation, where the cosmological scale factor expands as: $a(t)=a_0\exp(At^f)$ ($A>0, 0<f<1$), $N\geq 100$ cases lead to $0.02<r<0.11$ ($r$ is tensor-scalar ratio) and $N\simeq50 $ case leads to $n_s\simeq 0.96$ ($n_s$ is spectral index). These constraints of perturbation parameters are agree with Planck and WMAP9 data. For logamediate model, where the scale factor expands as: $a(t)=a_0 \exp(a[\ln t]^{\lambda})$ ($\lambda >1, A>0$), $N\geq 200$ and $\lambda=2$ cases lead to interesting agreement with observational data.
[ { "created": "Mon, 6 Jan 2014 06:12:09 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2014-01-08
[ [ "Setare", "M. R.", "" ], [ "Kamali", "V.", "" ] ]
In this paper we study non-abelian gauge field inflation (gauge-flation) model in the context of intermediate and logamediate scenario. Important parameters of this model are presented for these two cases. Numerical study shows that the intermediate and logamediate gauge-flation are compatible with WMAP9 observational data. For intermediate inflation, where the cosmological scale factor expands as: $a(t)=a_0\exp(At^f)$ ($A>0, 0<f<1$), $N\geq 100$ cases lead to $0.02<r<0.11$ ($r$ is tensor-scalar ratio) and $N\simeq50 $ case leads to $n_s\simeq 0.96$ ($n_s$ is spectral index). These constraints of perturbation parameters are agree with Planck and WMAP9 data. For logamediate model, where the scale factor expands as: $a(t)=a_0 \exp(a[\ln t]^{\lambda})$ ($\lambda >1, A>0$), $N\geq 200$ and $\lambda=2$ cases lead to interesting agreement with observational data.
gr-qc/0405091
John W. Moffat
J. W. Moffat
Modified Gravitational Theory and the Gravity Probe-B Gyroscope Experiment
8 pages, LeTex file, no figures
null
null
null
gr-qc
null
A possible deviation from the precession of the Gravity Probe-B gyroscope predicted by general relativity is obtained in the nonsymmetric gravity theory. The time delay of radio signals emitted by spacecraft at planetary distances from the Sun, in nonsymmetric gravity theory is the same as in general relativity. A correction to the precession of the gyroscope would provide a possible experimental signature for the Gravity Probe-B gyroscope experiment. The Lense-Thirring frame-dragging effect is predicted to be the same as in GR.
[ { "created": "Mon, 17 May 2004 23:08:51 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2007-05-23
[ [ "Moffat", "J. W.", "" ] ]
A possible deviation from the precession of the Gravity Probe-B gyroscope predicted by general relativity is obtained in the nonsymmetric gravity theory. The time delay of radio signals emitted by spacecraft at planetary distances from the Sun, in nonsymmetric gravity theory is the same as in general relativity. A correction to the precession of the gyroscope would provide a possible experimental signature for the Gravity Probe-B gyroscope experiment. The Lense-Thirring frame-dragging effect is predicted to be the same as in GR.
1511.00226
Alexander Pavlov E
Alexander E. Pavlov
Exact solutions of Friedmann equation for supernovae data
7 pages, 2 figures
null
null
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
An intrinsic time of homogeneous models is global. The Friedmann equation by its sense ties time intervals. Exact solutions of the Friedmann equation in Standard cosmology and Conformal cosmology are presented. Theoretical curves interpolated the Hubble diagram on latest supernovae are expressed in analytical form. The class of functions in which the concordance model is described is Weierstrass meromorphic functions. The Standard cosmological model and Conformal one fit the modern Hubble diagram equivalently. However, the physical interpretation of the modern data from concepts of the Conformal cosmology is simpler, so is preferable.
[ { "created": "Sun, 1 Nov 2015 10:45:24 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2015-11-03
[ [ "Pavlov", "Alexander E.", "" ] ]
An intrinsic time of homogeneous models is global. The Friedmann equation by its sense ties time intervals. Exact solutions of the Friedmann equation in Standard cosmology and Conformal cosmology are presented. Theoretical curves interpolated the Hubble diagram on latest supernovae are expressed in analytical form. The class of functions in which the concordance model is described is Weierstrass meromorphic functions. The Standard cosmological model and Conformal one fit the modern Hubble diagram equivalently. However, the physical interpretation of the modern data from concepts of the Conformal cosmology is simpler, so is preferable.
1001.2220
Narit Pidokrajt
Jan E. Aman, Narit Pidokrajt
Critical phenomena and information geometry in black hole physics
Contribution to ERE2009, 5 pages
J.Phys.Conf.Ser.229:012060,2010
10.1088/1742-6596/229/1/012060
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We discuss the use of information geometry in black hole physics and present the outcomes. The type of information geometry we utilize in this approach is the thermodynamic (Ruppeiner) geometry defined on the state space of a given thermodynamic system in equilibrium. The Ruppeiner geometry can be used to analyze stability and critical phenomena in black hole physics with results consistent with those from the Poincare stability analysis for black holes and black rings. Furthermore other physical phenomena are well encoded in the Ruppeiner metric such as the sign of specific heat and the extremality of the solutions. The black hole families we discuss in particular in this manuscript are the Myers-Perry black holes.
[ { "created": "Wed, 13 Jan 2010 16:19:40 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2011-02-18
[ [ "Aman", "Jan E.", "" ], [ "Pidokrajt", "Narit", "" ] ]
We discuss the use of information geometry in black hole physics and present the outcomes. The type of information geometry we utilize in this approach is the thermodynamic (Ruppeiner) geometry defined on the state space of a given thermodynamic system in equilibrium. The Ruppeiner geometry can be used to analyze stability and critical phenomena in black hole physics with results consistent with those from the Poincare stability analysis for black holes and black rings. Furthermore other physical phenomena are well encoded in the Ruppeiner metric such as the sign of specific heat and the extremality of the solutions. The black hole families we discuss in particular in this manuscript are the Myers-Perry black holes.
1811.05640
Chiang-Mei Chen
Chiang-Mei Chen, Jian-Liang Liu, James M. Nester
Quasi-local energy from a Minkowski reference
14 pages, accepted by Gen Rel Grav, selected as an Editor's Choice
null
null
null
gr-qc hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
The specification of energy for gravitating systems has been an unsettled issue since Einstein proposed his pseudotensor. It is now understood that energy-momentum is \emph{quasi-local} (associated with a closed 2-surface). Here we consider quasi-local proposals (including pseudotensors) in the Lagrangian-Noether-Hamiltonian formulations. There are two ambiguities: (i) there are many possible expressions, (ii) they depend on some non-dynamical structure, e.g., a reference frame. The Hamiltonian approach gives a handle on both problems. The Hamiltonian perspective helped us to make a remarkable discovery: with an isometric Minkowski reference a large class of expressions---namely all those that agree with the Einstein pseudotensor's Freud superpotential to linear order---give a common quasi-local energy value. Moreover, with a best-matched reference on the boundary this is the Wang-Yau mass value.
[ { "created": "Wed, 14 Nov 2018 04:59:38 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2018-11-15
[ [ "Chen", "Chiang-Mei", "" ], [ "Liu", "Jian-Liang", "" ], [ "Nester", "James M.", "" ] ]
The specification of energy for gravitating systems has been an unsettled issue since Einstein proposed his pseudotensor. It is now understood that energy-momentum is \emph{quasi-local} (associated with a closed 2-surface). Here we consider quasi-local proposals (including pseudotensors) in the Lagrangian-Noether-Hamiltonian formulations. There are two ambiguities: (i) there are many possible expressions, (ii) they depend on some non-dynamical structure, e.g., a reference frame. The Hamiltonian approach gives a handle on both problems. The Hamiltonian perspective helped us to make a remarkable discovery: with an isometric Minkowski reference a large class of expressions---namely all those that agree with the Einstein pseudotensor's Freud superpotential to linear order---give a common quasi-local energy value. Moreover, with a best-matched reference on the boundary this is the Wang-Yau mass value.