id stringlengths 9 14 | submitter stringlengths 1 50 ⌀ | authors stringlengths 5 666 | title stringlengths 5 242 | comments stringlengths 1 609 ⌀ | journal-ref stringlengths 9 243 ⌀ | doi stringlengths 12 113 ⌀ | report-no stringlengths 2 204 ⌀ | categories stringlengths 6 112 | license stringclasses 9 values | orig_abstract stringlengths 21 2.11k | versions listlengths 1 26 | update_date stringlengths 10 10 | authors_parsed listlengths 1 38 | abstract stringlengths 18 2.11k |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2305.15258 | Ningchen Bai | Ning-Chen Bai, Lei Li and Jun Tao | Superfluid $\lambda$ Transition in Charged AdS Black Holes | 8 pages, 5 figures, minor improvements, accepted in Science China
Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy | null | null | null | hep-th gr-qc | http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ | We observe a superfluid $\lambda$ transition in the $P-V$ criticality of
charged AdS black holes, within a holographic extended thermodynamics that
considers the variation of Newton's constant $G$. We calculate the critical
exponents and find that they coincide with those of a superfluid transition in
liquid $^4\text{He}$ and the Bose-Einstein condensation of hard-sphere Bose
gas. Moreover, the independence of entropy and thermodynamic volume in the
holographic framework allows us to construct a well-defined Ruppeiner metric.
The associated scalar curvature suggests that the black holes show similar
microscopic interactions with the hard-sphere Bose gas, where the superfluid
(condensed) phase is dominated by repulsive interactions, while the normal
(gas) phase is dominated by attractive interactions. These findings might
provide us with new insights into the quantum aspect of charged AdS black
holes.
| [
{
"created": "Wed, 24 May 2023 15:42:13 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Tue, 29 Aug 2023 10:02:37 GMT",
"version": "v2"
}
] | 2023-08-30 | [
[
"Bai",
"Ning-Chen",
""
],
[
"Li",
"Lei",
""
],
[
"Tao",
"Jun",
""
]
] | We observe a superfluid $\lambda$ transition in the $P-V$ criticality of charged AdS black holes, within a holographic extended thermodynamics that considers the variation of Newton's constant $G$. We calculate the critical exponents and find that they coincide with those of a superfluid transition in liquid $^4\text{He}$ and the Bose-Einstein condensation of hard-sphere Bose gas. Moreover, the independence of entropy and thermodynamic volume in the holographic framework allows us to construct a well-defined Ruppeiner metric. The associated scalar curvature suggests that the black holes show similar microscopic interactions with the hard-sphere Bose gas, where the superfluid (condensed) phase is dominated by repulsive interactions, while the normal (gas) phase is dominated by attractive interactions. These findings might provide us with new insights into the quantum aspect of charged AdS black holes. |
1501.03902 | Nihat Sadik Deger | Mert Besken, Nihat Sadik Deger | Intersections of S-branes with Waves and Monopoles | 15 pages, typos corrected | Nucl.Phys. B894 (2015) 328-340 | 10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2015.03.013 | null | hep-th | http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ | We construct intersections of S-branes with waves and Kaluza-Klein monopoles.
There are several possible ways to add a monopole to an S-brane solution
similar to p-branes. On the other hand, one may add a wave only to the
transverse space of an S-brane unlike a p-brane where wave resides on its
worldvolume. The metric function of the wave is a harmonic function of the
remaining transverse directions and an extra condition on integration constants
is needed. We also show that it is not possible to add an S-brane to p-brane
intersections whose near horizon geometry has an AdS part.
| [
{
"created": "Fri, 16 Jan 2015 07:52:32 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Fri, 3 Apr 2015 12:45:38 GMT",
"version": "v2"
}
] | 2015-04-06 | [
[
"Besken",
"Mert",
""
],
[
"Deger",
"Nihat Sadik",
""
]
] | We construct intersections of S-branes with waves and Kaluza-Klein monopoles. There are several possible ways to add a monopole to an S-brane solution similar to p-branes. On the other hand, one may add a wave only to the transverse space of an S-brane unlike a p-brane where wave resides on its worldvolume. The metric function of the wave is a harmonic function of the remaining transverse directions and an extra condition on integration constants is needed. We also show that it is not possible to add an S-brane to p-brane intersections whose near horizon geometry has an AdS part. |
hep-th/0105016 | Bert Janssen | Bert Janssen | Massive T-duality in six dimensions | Latex, 14 pages. Reference added | Nucl.Phys. B610 (2001) 280-292 | 10.1016/S0550-3213(01)00331-5 | DCPT-01/43 | hep-th | null | A massive version of T-duality in six dimensions is given, that maps the K3
compactification of Romans' theory onto the K3 compactification of Type IIB
theory. This is done by performing a (standard) Kaluza-Klein reduction on
six-dimensional massive Type IIA and a Scherk-Schwarz reduction on Type IIB,
mapping both theories onto the same five-dimensional theory. We also comment
shortly on the difficulties arising if one intends to construct a massive
generalisation of the six-dimensional string-string duality.
| [
{
"created": "Wed, 2 May 2001 14:33:43 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Tue, 8 May 2001 09:27:02 GMT",
"version": "v2"
}
] | 2009-11-07 | [
[
"Janssen",
"Bert",
""
]
] | A massive version of T-duality in six dimensions is given, that maps the K3 compactification of Romans' theory onto the K3 compactification of Type IIB theory. This is done by performing a (standard) Kaluza-Klein reduction on six-dimensional massive Type IIA and a Scherk-Schwarz reduction on Type IIB, mapping both theories onto the same five-dimensional theory. We also comment shortly on the difficulties arising if one intends to construct a massive generalisation of the six-dimensional string-string duality. |
1711.03718 | Vasilisa Nikiforova | V. Nikiforova | Stability of self-accelerating Universe in modified gravity with
dynamical torsion: the case of small background torsion | arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1705.00856 | null | 10.1142/S0217751X18500392 | INR-TH-2017-026 | hep-th gr-qc | http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ | We consider the model of modified gravity with dynamical torsion. This model
was found to have promising stability properties about various backgrounds. The
model admits a self-accelerating solution. We have shown previously that if the
parameters are adjusted in such a way that the torsion is much greater than the
effective cosmological constant, the self-accelerating solution is unstable:
there are exponentially growing modes. Here we study the scalar perturbations
in the case when the torsion is of the order of the effective cosmological
constant. We find that there are no exponential instabilities.
| [
{
"created": "Fri, 10 Nov 2017 07:37:18 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] | 2018-03-28 | [
[
"Nikiforova",
"V.",
""
]
] | We consider the model of modified gravity with dynamical torsion. This model was found to have promising stability properties about various backgrounds. The model admits a self-accelerating solution. We have shown previously that if the parameters are adjusted in such a way that the torsion is much greater than the effective cosmological constant, the self-accelerating solution is unstable: there are exponentially growing modes. Here we study the scalar perturbations in the case when the torsion is of the order of the effective cosmological constant. We find that there are no exponential instabilities. |
1306.4918 | Mahdi Godazgar | Hadi Godazgar, Mahdi Godazgar | Duality completion of higher derivative corrections | 27 pages | null | 10.1007/JHEP09(2013)140 | null | hep-th gr-qc | http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ | We present a new method for completing higher derivative corrections for
theories that exhibit duality symmetries under reduction. This proposal is
based on the observation that duality symmetry in the reduced theory highly
constrains the form of the unreduced theory. We apply this idea to closed
bosonic string theory and complete the Riemann squared term to simply derive
the known full tree-level effective action to order alpha'.
| [
{
"created": "Thu, 20 Jun 2013 15:50:40 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Mon, 22 Jul 2013 12:15:40 GMT",
"version": "v2"
}
] | 2015-06-16 | [
[
"Godazgar",
"Hadi",
""
],
[
"Godazgar",
"Mahdi",
""
]
] | We present a new method for completing higher derivative corrections for theories that exhibit duality symmetries under reduction. This proposal is based on the observation that duality symmetry in the reduced theory highly constrains the form of the unreduced theory. We apply this idea to closed bosonic string theory and complete the Riemann squared term to simply derive the known full tree-level effective action to order alpha'. |
1701.05562 | Junya Yagi | Junya Yagi | Surface defects and elliptic quantum groups | 31 pages. v2: minor changes and corrections; v3: minor improvements,
published version | JHEP 06 (2017) 013 | 10.1007/JHEP06(2017)013 | null | hep-th math-ph math.MP math.QA | http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ | A brane construction of an integrable lattice model is proposed. The model is
composed of Belavin's R-matrix, Felder's dynamical R-matrix, the
Bazhanov-Sergeev-Derkachov-Spiridonov R-operator and some intertwining
operators. This construction implies that a family of surface defects act on
supersymmetric indices of four-dimensional $\mathcal{N} = 1$ supersymmetric
field theories as transfer matrices related to elliptic quantum groups.
| [
{
"created": "Thu, 19 Jan 2017 19:00:05 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Sat, 11 Feb 2017 22:08:00 GMT",
"version": "v2"
},
{
"created": "Thu, 8 Jun 2017 06:58:02 GMT",
"version": "v3"
}
] | 2017-06-09 | [
[
"Yagi",
"Junya",
""
]
] | A brane construction of an integrable lattice model is proposed. The model is composed of Belavin's R-matrix, Felder's dynamical R-matrix, the Bazhanov-Sergeev-Derkachov-Spiridonov R-operator and some intertwining operators. This construction implies that a family of surface defects act on supersymmetric indices of four-dimensional $\mathcal{N} = 1$ supersymmetric field theories as transfer matrices related to elliptic quantum groups. |
hep-th/9505139 | C\isar F. Talavera | J. Navarro-Salas, M. Navarro and C. F. Talavera | Weyl Invariance and Black Hole Evaporation | LaTeX, needs amssymb, 8 pages. One reference added | Phys.Lett. B356 (1995) 217-222 | 10.1016/0370-2693(95)00848-F | FTUV/95-17, IFIC/95-17, Imperial-TP/94-95/31 | hep-th | null | We consider the semiclassical dynamics of CGHS black holes with a
Weyl-invariant effective action for conformal matter. The trace anomaly of
Polyakov effective action is converted into the Virasoro anomaly thus leading
to the same flux of Hawking radiation. The covariance of semiclassical
equations can be restored through a non-local redefinition of the
metric-dilaton fields. The resulting theory turns out to be equivalent to the
RST model. This provides a mechanism to solve semiclassical equations of 2D
dilaton gravity coupled to conformal matter for classically soluble models.
| [
{
"created": "Tue, 23 May 1995 11:04:14 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Wed, 24 May 1995 14:00:51 GMT",
"version": "v2"
},
{
"created": "Mon, 29 May 1995 10:50:08 GMT",
"version": "v3"
}
] | 2009-10-28 | [
[
"Navarro-Salas",
"J.",
""
],
[
"Navarro",
"M.",
""
],
[
"Talavera",
"C. F.",
""
]
] | We consider the semiclassical dynamics of CGHS black holes with a Weyl-invariant effective action for conformal matter. The trace anomaly of Polyakov effective action is converted into the Virasoro anomaly thus leading to the same flux of Hawking radiation. The covariance of semiclassical equations can be restored through a non-local redefinition of the metric-dilaton fields. The resulting theory turns out to be equivalent to the RST model. This provides a mechanism to solve semiclassical equations of 2D dilaton gravity coupled to conformal matter for classically soluble models. |
1712.06024 | D. Ghilencea | D. M. Ghilencea | Quantum implications of a scale invariant regularisation | 18 pages; v3: minor clarifications | Phys. Rev. D 97, 075015 (2018) | 10.1103/PhysRevD.97.075015 | null | hep-th hep-ph | http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ | We study scale invariance at the quantum level (three loops) in a
perturbative approach. For a scale-invariant classical theory the scalar
potential is computed at three-loop level while keeping manifest this symmetry.
Spontaneous scale symmetry breaking is transmitted at quantum level to the
visible sector (of $\phi$) by the associated Goldstone mode (dilaton $\sigma$)
which enables a scale-invariant regularisation and whose vev
$\langle\sigma\rangle$ generates the subtraction scale ($\mu$). While the
hidden ($\sigma$) and visible sector ($\phi$) are classically decoupled in
$d=4$ due to an enhanced Poincar\'e symmetry, they interact through (a series
of) evanescent couplings $\propto\epsilon^k$, ($k\geq 1$), dictated by the
scale invariance of the action in $d=4-2\epsilon$. At the quantum level these
couplings generate new corrections to the potential, such as scale-invariant
non-polynomial effective operators $\phi^{2n+4}/\sigma^{2n}$ and also log-like
terms ($\propto \ln^k \sigma$) restoring the scale-invariance of known quantum
corrections. The former are comparable in size to "standard" loop corrections
and important for values of $\phi$ close to $\langle\sigma\rangle$. For $n=1,2$
the beta functions of their coefficient are computed at three-loops. In the
infrared (IR) limit the dilaton fluctuations decouple, the effective operators
are suppressed by large $\langle\sigma\rangle$ and the effective potential
becomes that of a renormalizable theory with explicit scale symmetry breaking
by the "usual" DR scheme (of $\mu=$constant).
| [
{
"created": "Sat, 16 Dec 2017 22:22:49 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Tue, 16 Jan 2018 20:24:39 GMT",
"version": "v2"
},
{
"created": "Thu, 26 Jul 2018 13:55:05 GMT",
"version": "v3"
}
] | 2018-07-27 | [
[
"Ghilencea",
"D. M.",
""
]
] | We study scale invariance at the quantum level (three loops) in a perturbative approach. For a scale-invariant classical theory the scalar potential is computed at three-loop level while keeping manifest this symmetry. Spontaneous scale symmetry breaking is transmitted at quantum level to the visible sector (of $\phi$) by the associated Goldstone mode (dilaton $\sigma$) which enables a scale-invariant regularisation and whose vev $\langle\sigma\rangle$ generates the subtraction scale ($\mu$). While the hidden ($\sigma$) and visible sector ($\phi$) are classically decoupled in $d=4$ due to an enhanced Poincar\'e symmetry, they interact through (a series of) evanescent couplings $\propto\epsilon^k$, ($k\geq 1$), dictated by the scale invariance of the action in $d=4-2\epsilon$. At the quantum level these couplings generate new corrections to the potential, such as scale-invariant non-polynomial effective operators $\phi^{2n+4}/\sigma^{2n}$ and also log-like terms ($\propto \ln^k \sigma$) restoring the scale-invariance of known quantum corrections. The former are comparable in size to "standard" loop corrections and important for values of $\phi$ close to $\langle\sigma\rangle$. For $n=1,2$ the beta functions of their coefficient are computed at three-loops. In the infrared (IR) limit the dilaton fluctuations decouple, the effective operators are suppressed by large $\langle\sigma\rangle$ and the effective potential becomes that of a renormalizable theory with explicit scale symmetry breaking by the "usual" DR scheme (of $\mu=$constant). |
hep-th/0305085 | D. Ghilencea | D.M. Ghilencea | Wilson lines corrections to gauge couplings from a field theory approach | 38 pages, Latex, reference added | Nucl.Phys. B670 (2003) 183-220 | 10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2003.08.011 | DAMTP-2003-03 | hep-th hep-ph | null | Using an effective field theory approach, we address the effects on the gauge
couplings of one and two additional compact dimensions in the presence of a
constant background (gauge) field. Such background fields are a generic
presence in models with extra dimensions and can be employed for gauge symmetry
breaking mechanisms in the context of 4D N=1 supersymmetric models. The
structure of the ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) divergences that the gauge
couplings develop in the presence of Wilson line vev's is investigated.
One-loop radiative corrections to the gauge couplings due to overlapping
effects of the compact dimensions and Wilson line vev's are computed for
generic 4D N=1 models. Values of Wilson lines vev's corresponding to points (in
the ``moduli'' space) of enhanced gauge symmetry cannot be smoothly reached
{\it perturbatively} from those corresponding to the broken phase. The one-loop
corrections are compared to their (heterotic) string counterpart in the ``field
theory'' limit alpha'->0 to show remarkably similar results when no massless
states are present in a Kaluza-Klein tower. An additional correction to the
gauge coupling exists in the effective field theory approach when for specific
Wilson lines vev's massless Kaluza-Klein states are present. This correction is
not recoverable by the limit alpha'->0 of the (infrared regularised) string
because the infrared regularisation limit and the limit alpha'->0 of the string
result do not commute.
| [
{
"created": "Sat, 10 May 2003 13:27:18 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Thu, 15 May 2003 10:33:14 GMT",
"version": "v2"
},
{
"created": "Mon, 16 Jun 2003 11:18:33 GMT",
"version": "v3"
},
{
"created": "Mon, 1 Dec 2003 16:08:03 GMT",
"version": "v4"
}
] | 2015-06-26 | [
[
"Ghilencea",
"D. M.",
""
]
] | Using an effective field theory approach, we address the effects on the gauge couplings of one and two additional compact dimensions in the presence of a constant background (gauge) field. Such background fields are a generic presence in models with extra dimensions and can be employed for gauge symmetry breaking mechanisms in the context of 4D N=1 supersymmetric models. The structure of the ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) divergences that the gauge couplings develop in the presence of Wilson line vev's is investigated. One-loop radiative corrections to the gauge couplings due to overlapping effects of the compact dimensions and Wilson line vev's are computed for generic 4D N=1 models. Values of Wilson lines vev's corresponding to points (in the ``moduli'' space) of enhanced gauge symmetry cannot be smoothly reached {\it perturbatively} from those corresponding to the broken phase. The one-loop corrections are compared to their (heterotic) string counterpart in the ``field theory'' limit alpha'->0 to show remarkably similar results when no massless states are present in a Kaluza-Klein tower. An additional correction to the gauge coupling exists in the effective field theory approach when for specific Wilson lines vev's massless Kaluza-Klein states are present. This correction is not recoverable by the limit alpha'->0 of the (infrared regularised) string because the infrared regularisation limit and the limit alpha'->0 of the string result do not commute. |
0906.3813 | Sang Pyo Kim | Sang Pyo Kim (Kunsan Nat'l Univ), W-Y. Pauchy Hwang (Nat'l Taiwan
Univ.) | Vacuum Persistence and Inversion of Spin Statistics in Strong QED | RevTex, 6 pages, no figure; the relation between the inverse
temperature and the periodicity in the Euclidean time clarified; references
added; replaced by the version to be published in Phys. Rev. D | Phys.Rev.D80:065004,2009 | 10.1103/PhysRevD.80.065004 | null | hep-th | http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ | The vacuum persistence can be written as the Bose-Einstein distribution in
spinor QED and as the Fermi-Dirac distribution in scalar QED exactly in a
constant electric field and approximately in time-varying electric fields. The
inverse temperature is determined by the period of charged particle in the
Euclidean time and the negative chemical potential by the ratio of the
worldline instanton to the inverse temperature. The negativity of chemical
potential is due to the vacuum instability under strong electric fields. The
inversion of spin statistics in the vacuum persistence is a consequence of the
Bogoliubov relations for fermions and bosons.
| [
{
"created": "Sat, 20 Jun 2009 15:19:47 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Fri, 28 Aug 2009 06:32:15 GMT",
"version": "v2"
}
] | 2009-11-06 | [
[
"Kim",
"Sang Pyo",
"",
"Kunsan Nat'l Univ"
],
[
"Hwang",
"W-Y. Pauchy",
"",
"Nat'l Taiwan\n Univ."
]
] | The vacuum persistence can be written as the Bose-Einstein distribution in spinor QED and as the Fermi-Dirac distribution in scalar QED exactly in a constant electric field and approximately in time-varying electric fields. The inverse temperature is determined by the period of charged particle in the Euclidean time and the negative chemical potential by the ratio of the worldline instanton to the inverse temperature. The negativity of chemical potential is due to the vacuum instability under strong electric fields. The inversion of spin statistics in the vacuum persistence is a consequence of the Bogoliubov relations for fermions and bosons. |
1008.4236 | Shinji Tsujikawa | Antonio De Felice, Shinji Tsujikawa | Generalized Galileon cosmology | 24 pages, 10 figures, version to appear in Physical Review D | Phys.Rev.D84:124029, 2011 | 10.1103/PhysRevD.84.124029 | null | hep-th astro-ph.CO gr-qc hep-ph | http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ | We study the cosmology of a generalized Galileon field $\phi$ with five
covariant Lagrangians in which $\phi$ is replaced by general scalar functions
$f_{i}(\phi)$ (i=1,...,5). For these theories, the equations of motion remain
at second-order in time derivatives. We restrict the functional forms of
$f_{i}(\phi)$ from the demand to obtain de Sitter solutions responsible for
dark energy. There are two possible choices for power-law functions
$f_{i}(\phi)$, depending on whether the coupling $F(\phi)$ with the Ricci
scalar $R$ is independent of $\phi$ or depends on $\phi$. The former
corresponds to the covariant Galileon theory that respects the Galilean
symmetry in the Minkowski space-time. For generalized Galileon theories we
derive the conditions for the avoidance of ghosts and Laplacian instabilities
associated with scalar and tensor perturbations as well as the condition for
the stability of de Sitter solutions. We also carry out detailed analytic and
numerical study for the cosmological dynamics in those theories.
| [
{
"created": "Wed, 25 Aug 2010 09:27:20 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Mon, 10 Oct 2011 22:28:45 GMT",
"version": "v2"
}
] | 2015-05-19 | [
[
"De Felice",
"Antonio",
""
],
[
"Tsujikawa",
"Shinji",
""
]
] | We study the cosmology of a generalized Galileon field $\phi$ with five covariant Lagrangians in which $\phi$ is replaced by general scalar functions $f_{i}(\phi)$ (i=1,...,5). For these theories, the equations of motion remain at second-order in time derivatives. We restrict the functional forms of $f_{i}(\phi)$ from the demand to obtain de Sitter solutions responsible for dark energy. There are two possible choices for power-law functions $f_{i}(\phi)$, depending on whether the coupling $F(\phi)$ with the Ricci scalar $R$ is independent of $\phi$ or depends on $\phi$. The former corresponds to the covariant Galileon theory that respects the Galilean symmetry in the Minkowski space-time. For generalized Galileon theories we derive the conditions for the avoidance of ghosts and Laplacian instabilities associated with scalar and tensor perturbations as well as the condition for the stability of de Sitter solutions. We also carry out detailed analytic and numerical study for the cosmological dynamics in those theories. |
hep-th/9503154 | Alok Kumar | Alok Kumar and Koushik Ray | Ehlers Transformations and String Effective Action | 13 pages, minor corrections, version to appear in Physics Letters
B358 | Phys.Lett. B358 (1995) 223-228 | 10.1016/0370-2693(95)01035-O | IP/BBSR/95-18 | hep-th | null | We explicitly obtain the generalization of the Ehlers transformation for
stationary axisymmetric Einstein equations to string theory. This is
accomplished by finding the twist potential corresponding to the moduli fields
in the effective two dimensional theory. Twist potential and symmetric moduli
are shown to transform under an $O(d,d)$ which is a manifest symmetry of the
equations of motion. The non-trivial action of this $O(d,d)$ is given by the
Ehlers transformation and belongs to the set $O(d) \times O(d)\over O(d) $.
| [
{
"created": "Tue, 21 Mar 1995 15:10:44 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Wed, 27 Sep 1995 02:43:50 GMT",
"version": "v2"
}
] | 2016-09-06 | [
[
"Kumar",
"Alok",
""
],
[
"Ray",
"Koushik",
""
]
] | We explicitly obtain the generalization of the Ehlers transformation for stationary axisymmetric Einstein equations to string theory. This is accomplished by finding the twist potential corresponding to the moduli fields in the effective two dimensional theory. Twist potential and symmetric moduli are shown to transform under an $O(d,d)$ which is a manifest symmetry of the equations of motion. The non-trivial action of this $O(d,d)$ is given by the Ehlers transformation and belongs to the set $O(d) \times O(d)\over O(d) $. |
2109.01539 | Deniz Olgu Devecioglu | Deniz O. Devecioglu | Holographic stress tensor of colored Lifshitz spacetimes and hairy black
holes | 39 pages, 5 figures | null | 10.1007/JHEP10(2021)222 | null | hep-th gr-qc | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | We compute the holographic stress tensor of colored Lifshitz spacetimes
following the proposal by Ross-Saremi for gravity duals of non-relativistic
theories. For a well-defined variational principle, we first construct a finite
on-shell action for the Einstein-Yang-Mills model in four dimensions with
Lifshitz spacetime as a solution. We then solve the linearised equations of
motion and identify the modes that preserve the asymptotically Lifshitz
condition. Employing these modes, we also show that the stress tensor is
finite, obeying the scaling and the diffeomorphism Ward identities, i.e.,
conservations laws. As a final application, we evaluate the energy density and
the spatial stress tensor of the previously found numerical black hole
solutions with various dynamical exponents $z$. The alternative Smarr relation
that has been used in Lifshitz black holes and the first law of thermodynamics
are shown to hold without a global Yang-Mills charge, indicating the black
holes in question are hairy.
| [
{
"created": "Fri, 3 Sep 2021 14:02:50 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] | 2021-11-10 | [
[
"Devecioglu",
"Deniz O.",
""
]
] | We compute the holographic stress tensor of colored Lifshitz spacetimes following the proposal by Ross-Saremi for gravity duals of non-relativistic theories. For a well-defined variational principle, we first construct a finite on-shell action for the Einstein-Yang-Mills model in four dimensions with Lifshitz spacetime as a solution. We then solve the linearised equations of motion and identify the modes that preserve the asymptotically Lifshitz condition. Employing these modes, we also show that the stress tensor is finite, obeying the scaling and the diffeomorphism Ward identities, i.e., conservations laws. As a final application, we evaluate the energy density and the spatial stress tensor of the previously found numerical black hole solutions with various dynamical exponents $z$. The alternative Smarr relation that has been used in Lifshitz black holes and the first law of thermodynamics are shown to hold without a global Yang-Mills charge, indicating the black holes in question are hairy. |
hep-th/9511092 | J. David Vergara | J. Antonio Garcia, J. David Vergara and Luis F. Urrutia | BRST-BFV quantization and the Schwinger action principle | 28 pages, LaTeX | Int.J.Mod.Phys. A11 (1996) 2689-2706 | 10.1142/S0217751X96001309 | ICN-UNAM-95-32 | hep-th | null | We introduce an operator version of the BRST-BFV effective action for
arbitrary systems with first-class constraints. Using the Schwinger action
principle we calculate the propagators corresponding to: (i) the parametrized
non-relativistic free particle, (ii) the relativistic free particle and (iii)
the spining relativistic free particle. Our calculation correctly imposes the
BRST-invariance at the end-points. The precise use of the additional boundary
terms required in the description of fermionic variables is also incorporated.
| [
{
"created": "Tue, 14 Nov 1995 00:21:03 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] | 2015-06-26 | [
[
"Garcia",
"J. Antonio",
""
],
[
"Vergara",
"J. David",
""
],
[
"Urrutia",
"Luis F.",
""
]
] | We introduce an operator version of the BRST-BFV effective action for arbitrary systems with first-class constraints. Using the Schwinger action principle we calculate the propagators corresponding to: (i) the parametrized non-relativistic free particle, (ii) the relativistic free particle and (iii) the spining relativistic free particle. Our calculation correctly imposes the BRST-invariance at the end-points. The precise use of the additional boundary terms required in the description of fermionic variables is also incorporated. |
2310.15983 | Rodrigo Castillo V\'asquez | Elena C\'aceres, Rodrigo Castillo V\'asquez, Karl Landsteiner, Ignacio
Salazar Landea | Holographic $a$-functions and Boomerang RG Flows | 22 pages, 7 figures | null | 10.1007/JHEP02(2024)019 | null | hep-th cond-mat.other | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | We use the radial null energy condition to construct a monotonic $a$-function
for a certain type of non-relativistic holographic RG flows. We test our
$a$-function in three different geometries that feature a Boomerang RG flow,
characterized by a domain wall between two AdS spaces with the same AdS radius,
but with different (and sometimes directions dependent) speeds of light. We
find that the $a$-function monotonically decreases and goes to a constant in
the asymptotic regimes of the geometry. Using the holographic dictionary in
this asymptotic AdS spaces, we find that the $a$-function not only reads the
fixed point central charge but also the speed of light, suggesting what the
correct RG charge might be for non-relativistic RG flows.
| [
{
"created": "Tue, 24 Oct 2023 16:33:34 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Thu, 11 Jan 2024 15:29:59 GMT",
"version": "v2"
}
] | 2024-02-07 | [
[
"Cáceres",
"Elena",
""
],
[
"Vásquez",
"Rodrigo Castillo",
""
],
[
"Landsteiner",
"Karl",
""
],
[
"Landea",
"Ignacio Salazar",
""
]
] | We use the radial null energy condition to construct a monotonic $a$-function for a certain type of non-relativistic holographic RG flows. We test our $a$-function in three different geometries that feature a Boomerang RG flow, characterized by a domain wall between two AdS spaces with the same AdS radius, but with different (and sometimes directions dependent) speeds of light. We find that the $a$-function monotonically decreases and goes to a constant in the asymptotic regimes of the geometry. Using the holographic dictionary in this asymptotic AdS spaces, we find that the $a$-function not only reads the fixed point central charge but also the speed of light, suggesting what the correct RG charge might be for non-relativistic RG flows. |
2111.07403 | Carlos A. S. Almeida | F. C. E. Lima and C. A. S. Almeida | Phase transitions in the logarithmic Maxwell O(3)-sigma model | 16 pages, 7 figures. To appear in European Physics Journal C | null | 10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09826-x | null | hep-th | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | We investigate the presence of topological structures and multiple phase
transitions in the O(3)-sigma model with the gauge field governed by Maxwell's
term and subject to a so-called Gausson's self-dual potential. To carry out
this study, it is numerically shown that this model supports topological
solutions in 3-dimensional spacetime. In fact, to obtain the topological
solutions, we assume a spherically symmetrical ansatz to find the solutions, as
well as some physical behaviors of the vortex, as energy and magnetic field. It
is presented a planar view of the magnetic field as an interesting
configuration of a ring-like profile. To calculate the differential
configurational complexity (DCC) of structures, the spatial energy density of
the vortex is used. In fact, the DCC is important because it provides us with
information about the possible phase transitions associated with the structures
located in the Maxwell-Gausson model in 3D. Finally, we note from the DCC
profile an infinite set of kink-like solutions associated with the parameter
that controls the vacuum expectation value.
| [
{
"created": "Sun, 14 Nov 2021 18:16:58 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] | 2021-12-08 | [
[
"Lima",
"F. C. E.",
""
],
[
"Almeida",
"C. A. S.",
""
]
] | We investigate the presence of topological structures and multiple phase transitions in the O(3)-sigma model with the gauge field governed by Maxwell's term and subject to a so-called Gausson's self-dual potential. To carry out this study, it is numerically shown that this model supports topological solutions in 3-dimensional spacetime. In fact, to obtain the topological solutions, we assume a spherically symmetrical ansatz to find the solutions, as well as some physical behaviors of the vortex, as energy and magnetic field. It is presented a planar view of the magnetic field as an interesting configuration of a ring-like profile. To calculate the differential configurational complexity (DCC) of structures, the spatial energy density of the vortex is used. In fact, the DCC is important because it provides us with information about the possible phase transitions associated with the structures located in the Maxwell-Gausson model in 3D. Finally, we note from the DCC profile an infinite set of kink-like solutions associated with the parameter that controls the vacuum expectation value. |
1108.5549 | Bom Soo Kim | Seungjoon Hyun, Jaehoon Jeong and Bom Soo Kim | Finite Temperature Aging Holography | 38 pages and 5 figures, expanded discussions on correlator, one
mistake is fixed, modified discussion on shear viscosity, to appear in JHEP | JHEP 1203:010, 2012 | 10.1007/JHEP03(2012)010 | null | hep-th | http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ | We construct the gravity background which describes the dual field theory
with aging invariance. We choose the decay modes of the bulk scalar field in
the internal spectator direction to obtain the dissipative behavior of the
boundary correlation functions of the dual scalar fields. In particular, the
two-time correlation function at zero temperature has the characteristic
features of the aging system: power law decay, broken time translation and
dynamical scaling. We also construct the black hole backgrounds with asymptotic
aging invariance. We extensively study characteristic behavior of the finite
temperature two-point correlation function via analytic and numerical methods.
| [
{
"created": "Mon, 29 Aug 2011 14:10:59 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Fri, 17 Feb 2012 23:19:42 GMT",
"version": "v2"
}
] | 2012-04-04 | [
[
"Hyun",
"Seungjoon",
""
],
[
"Jeong",
"Jaehoon",
""
],
[
"Kim",
"Bom Soo",
""
]
] | We construct the gravity background which describes the dual field theory with aging invariance. We choose the decay modes of the bulk scalar field in the internal spectator direction to obtain the dissipative behavior of the boundary correlation functions of the dual scalar fields. In particular, the two-time correlation function at zero temperature has the characteristic features of the aging system: power law decay, broken time translation and dynamical scaling. We also construct the black hole backgrounds with asymptotic aging invariance. We extensively study characteristic behavior of the finite temperature two-point correlation function via analytic and numerical methods. |
2210.04368 | Iber\^e Kuntz | Roberto Casadio, Alexander Kamenshchik and Iber\^e Kuntz | Background independence and field redefinitions in quantum gravity | matches version accepted for publication | null | 10.1016/j.aop.2022.169203 | null | hep-th gr-qc | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | It is generally believed that a full-fledged theory of quantum gravity should
exhibit background independence and diffeomorphism invariance. In its most
general form, the latter comprises field redefinitions, which are
diffeomorphisms in configuration space. We show that any path-integral approach
to quantum gravity leads to a tension between these properties, such that they
cannot hold simultaneously.
| [
{
"created": "Sun, 9 Oct 2022 23:01:15 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Tue, 20 Dec 2022 18:51:47 GMT",
"version": "v2"
}
] | 2023-01-25 | [
[
"Casadio",
"Roberto",
""
],
[
"Kamenshchik",
"Alexander",
""
],
[
"Kuntz",
"Iberê",
""
]
] | It is generally believed that a full-fledged theory of quantum gravity should exhibit background independence and diffeomorphism invariance. In its most general form, the latter comprises field redefinitions, which are diffeomorphisms in configuration space. We show that any path-integral approach to quantum gravity leads to a tension between these properties, such that they cannot hold simultaneously. |
hep-th/0406179 | Olaf Lechtenfeld | Olaf Lechtenfeld, Alexander D. Popov | Supertwistors and Cubic String Field Theory for Open N=2 Strings | 1+9 pages; v2: minor clarification, 3 references added, published
version | Phys.Lett. B598 (2004) 113-120 | 10.1016/j.physletb.2004.08.008 | null | hep-th | null | The known Lorentz invariant string field theory for open N=2 strings is
combined with a generalization of the twistor description of anti-self-dual
(super) Yang-Mills theories. We introduce a Chern-Simons-type Lagrangian
containing twistor variables and derive the Berkovits-Siegel covariant string
field equations of motion via the twistor correspondence. Both the purely
bosonic and the maximally space-time supersymmetric cases are considered.
| [
{
"created": "Mon, 21 Jun 2004 20:05:22 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Mon, 9 Aug 2004 15:36:20 GMT",
"version": "v2"
}
] | 2009-11-10 | [
[
"Lechtenfeld",
"Olaf",
""
],
[
"Popov",
"Alexander D.",
""
]
] | The known Lorentz invariant string field theory for open N=2 strings is combined with a generalization of the twistor description of anti-self-dual (super) Yang-Mills theories. We introduce a Chern-Simons-type Lagrangian containing twistor variables and derive the Berkovits-Siegel covariant string field equations of motion via the twistor correspondence. Both the purely bosonic and the maximally space-time supersymmetric cases are considered. |
2301.12425 | Alexey Loginov | A. Yu. Loginov | Fermion scattering on topological solitons in the $\mathbb{CP}^{N-1}$
model | 14 pages, 4 figures | Phys. Rev. D 107, 065011 (2023) | 10.1103/PhysRevD.107.065011 | null | hep-th | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | The scattering of Dirac fermions in the background fields of topological
solitons of the $(2+1)$-dimensional $\mathbb{CP}^{N-1}$ model is studied using
analytical and numerical methods. It is shown that the exact solutions for
fermionic wave functions can be expressed in terms of the confluent Heun
functions. The question of the existence of bound states for the
fermion-soliton system is then investigated. General formulae describing
fermion scattering are obtained, and a symmetry property for the partial phase
shifts is derived. The amplitudes and cross-sections of the fermion-soliton
scattering are obtained in an analytical form within the framework of the Born
approximation, and the symmetry properties and asymptotic forms of the Born
amplitudes are investigated. The dependences of the first few partial phase
shifts on the fermion momentum are obtained by numerical methods, and some of
their properties are investigated and discussed.
| [
{
"created": "Sun, 29 Jan 2023 11:31:42 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] | 2023-07-04 | [
[
"Loginov",
"A. Yu.",
""
]
] | The scattering of Dirac fermions in the background fields of topological solitons of the $(2+1)$-dimensional $\mathbb{CP}^{N-1}$ model is studied using analytical and numerical methods. It is shown that the exact solutions for fermionic wave functions can be expressed in terms of the confluent Heun functions. The question of the existence of bound states for the fermion-soliton system is then investigated. General formulae describing fermion scattering are obtained, and a symmetry property for the partial phase shifts is derived. The amplitudes and cross-sections of the fermion-soliton scattering are obtained in an analytical form within the framework of the Born approximation, and the symmetry properties and asymptotic forms of the Born amplitudes are investigated. The dependences of the first few partial phase shifts on the fermion momentum are obtained by numerical methods, and some of their properties are investigated and discussed. |
hep-th/0204226 | Sergey Frolov | S. Frolov and A.A. Tseytlin | Semiclassical quantization of rotating superstring in AdS_5 x S^5 | harvmac, 35p. v2,3: minor corrections; v4: added remarks about
higher-loop corrections in section 4 and an argument suggesting the absence
of higher than log S corrections to the energy to all orders in string
tension in section 6.1; v5: factor 1/2 misprints corrected in eqs. (6.6) and
(6.8) and thus in (6.5) and (6.9) | JHEP 0206:007,2002 | 10.1088/1126-6708/2002/06/007 | null | hep-th | null | Motivated by recent proposals in hep-th/0202021 and hep-th/0204051 we develop
semiclassical quantization of superstring in $AdS_5 x S^5$. We start with a
classical solution describing string rotating in $AdS_5$ and boosted along
large circle of $S^5$. The energy of the classical solution $E$ is a function
of the spin $S$ and the momentum $J$ (R-charge) which interpolates between the
limiting cases S=0 and J=0 considered previously. We derive the corresponding
quadratic fluctuation action for bosonic and fermionic fields from the GS
string action and compute the string 1-loop (large $\lambda= {R^4\over \a'^2}$)
correction to the classical energy spectrum in the $(S,J)$ sector. We find that
the 1-loop correction to the ground-state energy does not cancel for non-zero
$S$. For large $S$ it scales as $\ln S$, i.e. as the classical term, with no
higher powers of $\ln S$ appearing. This supports the conjecture made in
hep-th/0204051 that the classical $E-S = a \ln S$ scaling can be interpolated
to weak coupling to reproduce the corresponding operator anomalous dimension
behaviour in gauge theory.
| [
{
"created": "Thu, 25 Apr 2002 19:45:06 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Fri, 26 Apr 2002 00:57:39 GMT",
"version": "v2"
},
{
"created": "Tue, 7 May 2002 00:16:22 GMT",
"version": "v3"
},
{
"created": "Wed, 5 Jun 2002 23:42:59 GMT",
"version": "v4"
},
{
"cre... | 2009-11-07 | [
[
"Frolov",
"S.",
""
],
[
"Tseytlin",
"A. A.",
""
]
] | Motivated by recent proposals in hep-th/0202021 and hep-th/0204051 we develop semiclassical quantization of superstring in $AdS_5 x S^5$. We start with a classical solution describing string rotating in $AdS_5$ and boosted along large circle of $S^5$. The energy of the classical solution $E$ is a function of the spin $S$ and the momentum $J$ (R-charge) which interpolates between the limiting cases S=0 and J=0 considered previously. We derive the corresponding quadratic fluctuation action for bosonic and fermionic fields from the GS string action and compute the string 1-loop (large $\lambda= {R^4\over \a'^2}$) correction to the classical energy spectrum in the $(S,J)$ sector. We find that the 1-loop correction to the ground-state energy does not cancel for non-zero $S$. For large $S$ it scales as $\ln S$, i.e. as the classical term, with no higher powers of $\ln S$ appearing. This supports the conjecture made in hep-th/0204051 that the classical $E-S = a \ln S$ scaling can be interpolated to weak coupling to reproduce the corresponding operator anomalous dimension behaviour in gauge theory. |
2406.06690 | Shamik Banerjee | Shamik Banerjee | Boundary operators in asymptotically flat space-time | 13 pages, Latex | null | null | null | hep-th | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | In arXiv:2311.03443 the authors have proposed an interesting framework for
studying holography in flat space-time. In this note we explore the
relationship between their proposal and the Celestial Holography. In
particular, we find that in both the massive and in the massless cases the
asymptotic boundary limit of the bulk time-ordered Green's function $G$ is
related to the Celestial amplitudes by an integral transformation. In the
massless case the integral transformation reduces to the well known
\textit{shadow transformation} of the celestial amplitude. Now the relation
between the asymptotic limit of $G$ and the celestial amplitudes suggests that
in asymptotically flat space-time if the scattering states are described by the
conformal primary basis (and it's analytic continuation in dimension $\Delta$)
then the boundary operators holographically dual to the (massless) bulk fields
are given by the \underline{shadow transformation} of the conformal primary
operators living on the celestial sphere. In other words, conformal primary
operators themselves are not boundary operators but their shadows are. This is
consistent with the fact that in celestial holography the boundary stress
tensor is given by the shadow transformation of the subleading soft graviton.
| [
{
"created": "Mon, 10 Jun 2024 18:00:09 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Wed, 19 Jun 2024 05:22:01 GMT",
"version": "v2"
}
] | 2024-06-21 | [
[
"Banerjee",
"Shamik",
""
]
] | In arXiv:2311.03443 the authors have proposed an interesting framework for studying holography in flat space-time. In this note we explore the relationship between their proposal and the Celestial Holography. In particular, we find that in both the massive and in the massless cases the asymptotic boundary limit of the bulk time-ordered Green's function $G$ is related to the Celestial amplitudes by an integral transformation. In the massless case the integral transformation reduces to the well known \textit{shadow transformation} of the celestial amplitude. Now the relation between the asymptotic limit of $G$ and the celestial amplitudes suggests that in asymptotically flat space-time if the scattering states are described by the conformal primary basis (and it's analytic continuation in dimension $\Delta$) then the boundary operators holographically dual to the (massless) bulk fields are given by the \underline{shadow transformation} of the conformal primary operators living on the celestial sphere. In other words, conformal primary operators themselves are not boundary operators but their shadows are. This is consistent with the fact that in celestial holography the boundary stress tensor is given by the shadow transformation of the subleading soft graviton. |
hep-th/0005229 | Denis Dalmazi | D.Dalmazi and J.J.M Verbaarschot (Stony Brook) | The Replica Limit of Unitary Matrix Integrals | 28 pages, 2 figures, Latex | Nucl.Phys.B592:419-444,2001 | 10.1016/S0550-3213(00)00571-X | SUNY-NTG/00-12 | hep-th cond-mat.dis-nn | null | We investigate the replica trick for the microscopic spectral density,
$\rho_s(x)$, of the Euclidean QCD Dirac operator. Our starting point is the
low-energy limit of the QCD partition function for $n$ fermionic flavors (or
replicas) in the sector of topological charge $\nu$. In the domain of the
smallest eigenvalues, this partition function is simply given by a U(n) unitary
matrix integral. We show that the asymptotic behavior of $\rho_s(x)$ for $x \to
\infty$ is obtained from the $n\to 0$ limit of this integral. The smooth
contributions to this series are obtained from an expansion about the replica
symmetric saddle-point, whereas the oscillatory terms follow from an expansion
about a saddle-point that breaks the replica symmetry. For $\nu =0$ we recover
the small-$x$ logarithmic singularity of the resolvent by means of the replica
trick. For half integer $\nu$, when the saddle point expansion of the U(n)
integral terminates, the replica trick reproduces the exact analytical result.
In all other cases only an asymptotic series that does not uniquely determine
the microscopic spectral density is obtained. We argue that bosonic replicas
fail to reproduce the microscopic spectral density. In all cases, the exact
answer is obtained naturally by means of the supersymmetric method.
| [
{
"created": "Thu, 25 May 2000 19:20:45 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] | 2008-11-26 | [
[
"Dalmazi",
"D.",
"",
"Stony Brook"
],
[
"Verbaarschot",
"J. J. M",
"",
"Stony Brook"
]
] | We investigate the replica trick for the microscopic spectral density, $\rho_s(x)$, of the Euclidean QCD Dirac operator. Our starting point is the low-energy limit of the QCD partition function for $n$ fermionic flavors (or replicas) in the sector of topological charge $\nu$. In the domain of the smallest eigenvalues, this partition function is simply given by a U(n) unitary matrix integral. We show that the asymptotic behavior of $\rho_s(x)$ for $x \to \infty$ is obtained from the $n\to 0$ limit of this integral. The smooth contributions to this series are obtained from an expansion about the replica symmetric saddle-point, whereas the oscillatory terms follow from an expansion about a saddle-point that breaks the replica symmetry. For $\nu =0$ we recover the small-$x$ logarithmic singularity of the resolvent by means of the replica trick. For half integer $\nu$, when the saddle point expansion of the U(n) integral terminates, the replica trick reproduces the exact analytical result. In all other cases only an asymptotic series that does not uniquely determine the microscopic spectral density is obtained. We argue that bosonic replicas fail to reproduce the microscopic spectral density. In all cases, the exact answer is obtained naturally by means of the supersymmetric method. |
hep-th/9410153 | Paul Budnik | Paul P. Budnik Jr. (Mountain Math Software) | Developing a local deterministic theory to account for quantum
mechanical effects | 15 pages, LaTeX, 1 figure in LaTeX format, substantial new material
added, edited based on reviewers suggestions | null | null | MM-95-PHY-1 | hep-th | null | Franson showed that Aspect's experiment to test Bell's inequality did not
rule out local realistic theories with delayed determinism. A class of local,
deterministic discrete mathematical models with delayed determinism is
described that may be consistent with existing experiments. These are not
hidden variables theories in the sense that they are not theories of particles
plus hidden variables. They are theories of `hidden' distributed information
stored holographic like throughout a space time region. This information cannot
be uniquely associated with individual particles although it determines the
results observed in particle interactions. The classical parameters of an
interaction are determined as {\it focal points} of continuous nonlinear
changes in the wave function and not as discrete events. In addition to not
violating Bell's inequality this class of theories can in principle be
distinguished from standard quantum mechanics by other experiments. These
differences and the experimental constraints on a test of Bell's inequality to
discriminate between the existing theory and this class of models are
discussed.
| [
{
"created": "Thu, 20 Oct 1994 23:26:37 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Tue, 31 Jan 1995 23:43:57 GMT",
"version": "v2"
},
{
"created": "Thu, 2 Feb 1995 01:44:29 GMT",
"version": "v3"
}
] | 2008-02-03 | [
[
"Budnik",
"Paul P.",
"Jr.",
"Mountain Math Software"
]
] | Franson showed that Aspect's experiment to test Bell's inequality did not rule out local realistic theories with delayed determinism. A class of local, deterministic discrete mathematical models with delayed determinism is described that may be consistent with existing experiments. These are not hidden variables theories in the sense that they are not theories of particles plus hidden variables. They are theories of `hidden' distributed information stored holographic like throughout a space time region. This information cannot be uniquely associated with individual particles although it determines the results observed in particle interactions. The classical parameters of an interaction are determined as {\it focal points} of continuous nonlinear changes in the wave function and not as discrete events. In addition to not violating Bell's inequality this class of theories can in principle be distinguished from standard quantum mechanics by other experiments. These differences and the experimental constraints on a test of Bell's inequality to discriminate between the existing theory and this class of models are discussed. |
hep-th/0303255 | Clifford V. Johnson | Clifford V. Johnson, Harald G. Svendsen | A Note on D-brane - Anti-D-brane Interactions in Plane Wave Backgrounds | 14 pages, LaTeX, 2 eps figures. v2: a reference and some clarifying
remarks added; v3: Considerably revised version; halo unaffected by plane
wave background for Lorentzian branes, but Euclidean branes' halo is modified | JHEP 0305 (2003) 055 | 10.1088/1126-6708/2003/05/055 | DCPT-03/13 | hep-th | null | We study aspects of the interaction between a D-brane and an anti-D-brane in
the maximally supersymmetric plane wave background of type IIB superstring
theory, which is equipped with a mass parameter mu. An early such study in flat
spacetime (mu=0) served to sharpen intuition about D-brane interactions,
showing in particular the key role of the ``stringy halo'' that surrounds a
D-brane. The halo marks the edge of the region within which tachyon
condensation occurs, opening a gateway to new non-trivial vacua of the theory.
It seems pertinent to study the fate of the halo for non--zero mu. We focus on
the simplest cases of a Lorentzian brane with p=1 and an Euclidean brane with
p=-1, the D--instanton. For the Lorentzian brane, we observe that the halo is
unaffected by the presence of non--zero mu. This most likely extends to other
(Lorentzian) p. For the Euclidean brane, we find that the halo is affected by
non-zero mu. As this is related to subtleties in defining the exchange
amplitude between Euclidean branes in the open string sector, we expect this to
extend to all Euclidean branes in this background.
| [
{
"created": "Sat, 29 Mar 2003 01:48:01 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Thu, 17 Apr 2003 16:57:51 GMT",
"version": "v2"
},
{
"created": "Wed, 2 Jul 2003 18:04:47 GMT",
"version": "v3"
}
] | 2009-11-10 | [
[
"Johnson",
"Clifford V.",
""
],
[
"Svendsen",
"Harald G.",
""
]
] | We study aspects of the interaction between a D-brane and an anti-D-brane in the maximally supersymmetric plane wave background of type IIB superstring theory, which is equipped with a mass parameter mu. An early such study in flat spacetime (mu=0) served to sharpen intuition about D-brane interactions, showing in particular the key role of the ``stringy halo'' that surrounds a D-brane. The halo marks the edge of the region within which tachyon condensation occurs, opening a gateway to new non-trivial vacua of the theory. It seems pertinent to study the fate of the halo for non--zero mu. We focus on the simplest cases of a Lorentzian brane with p=1 and an Euclidean brane with p=-1, the D--instanton. For the Lorentzian brane, we observe that the halo is unaffected by the presence of non--zero mu. This most likely extends to other (Lorentzian) p. For the Euclidean brane, we find that the halo is affected by non-zero mu. As this is related to subtleties in defining the exchange amplitude between Euclidean branes in the open string sector, we expect this to extend to all Euclidean branes in this background. |
2108.08326 | Minwoo Suh | Minwoo Suh | D4-branes wrapped on a topological disk | v2: 23 pages, 2 figures, analytic expression of holographic free
energy included, published version. arXiv admin note: text overlap with
arXiv:2108.01105 | JHEP 2306 (2023) 008 | null | null | hep-th | http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ | Employing the method applied to M5-branes recently by Bah, Bonetti, Minasian
and Nardoni, we study D4-branes wrapped on a disk with a non-trivial holonomy
at the boundary. In $F(4)$ gauged supergravity in six dimensions, we find
supersymmetric $AdS_4$ solutions and uplift the solutions to massive type IIA
supergravity. We calculate the holographic free energy of dual
three-dimensional superconformal field theories.
| [
{
"created": "Wed, 18 Aug 2021 18:04:05 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Sat, 3 Jun 2023 13:10:40 GMT",
"version": "v2"
}
] | 2023-06-12 | [
[
"Suh",
"Minwoo",
""
]
] | Employing the method applied to M5-branes recently by Bah, Bonetti, Minasian and Nardoni, we study D4-branes wrapped on a disk with a non-trivial holonomy at the boundary. In $F(4)$ gauged supergravity in six dimensions, we find supersymmetric $AdS_4$ solutions and uplift the solutions to massive type IIA supergravity. We calculate the holographic free energy of dual three-dimensional superconformal field theories. |
1106.1539 | Takeshi Oota | Hiroshi Itoyama, Takeshi Oota | An(1) Affine Quiver Matrix Model | 20 pages | Nucl.Phys.B852:336-351,2011 | 10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2011.07.001 | OCU-PHYS 353 | hep-th | http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ | We introduce An(1) (n=1,2,...) affine quiver matrix model by simply adopting
the extended Cartan matrices as incidence matrices and study its finite N
Schwinger-Dyson equations as well as their planar limit. In the case of n=1, we
extend our analysis to derive the cubic planar loop equation for one-parameter
family of models labelled by alpha: alpha=1 and alpha=2 correspond to the
non-affine A2 case and the affine A1(1) case respectively. In the case of n=2,
we derive three sets of constraint equations for the resolvents which are
quadratic, cubic and quartic respectively.
| [
{
"created": "Wed, 8 Jun 2011 11:31:08 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] | 2011-08-04 | [
[
"Itoyama",
"Hiroshi",
""
],
[
"Oota",
"Takeshi",
""
]
] | We introduce An(1) (n=1,2,...) affine quiver matrix model by simply adopting the extended Cartan matrices as incidence matrices and study its finite N Schwinger-Dyson equations as well as their planar limit. In the case of n=1, we extend our analysis to derive the cubic planar loop equation for one-parameter family of models labelled by alpha: alpha=1 and alpha=2 correspond to the non-affine A2 case and the affine A1(1) case respectively. In the case of n=2, we derive three sets of constraint equations for the resolvents which are quadratic, cubic and quartic respectively. |
0808.1394 | Ichiro Oda | Masahiro Maeno and Ichiro Oda | Massive Gravity in Curved Cosmological Backgrounds | 20 pages | Int.J.Mod.Phys.A24:81-100,2009 | 10.1142/S0217751X09043146 | DPUR/TH/11 | hep-th | http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ | We study the physical propagating modes in a massive gravity model in curved
cosmological backgrounds, which we have found as classical solutions in our
previous paper. We show that, generically, there exist such the cosmological
background solutions consistent with the equations of motion where we assume
the ghost condensation ansatzes. Using the (1+3)-parametrization of the metric
fluctuations with 'unitary' gauge, we find that there is neither a scalar ghost
nor a tachyon in the spectrum of the propagating modes, the tensor modes become
massive owing to gravitational Higgs mechanism, and the model is free of the
Boulware-Deser instability. The price we have to pay is that the scalar sector
breaks the Lorentz-invariance, but there are no pathologies in the spectrum and
lead to interesting phenomenology. Moreover, we present a proof of the absence
of non-unitary modes for a specific ghost condensation model in a cosmological
background.
| [
{
"created": "Mon, 11 Aug 2008 19:47:30 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Mon, 11 Aug 2008 20:05:09 GMT",
"version": "v2"
},
{
"created": "Mon, 15 Dec 2008 10:10:56 GMT",
"version": "v3"
}
] | 2009-02-09 | [
[
"Maeno",
"Masahiro",
""
],
[
"Oda",
"Ichiro",
""
]
] | We study the physical propagating modes in a massive gravity model in curved cosmological backgrounds, which we have found as classical solutions in our previous paper. We show that, generically, there exist such the cosmological background solutions consistent with the equations of motion where we assume the ghost condensation ansatzes. Using the (1+3)-parametrization of the metric fluctuations with 'unitary' gauge, we find that there is neither a scalar ghost nor a tachyon in the spectrum of the propagating modes, the tensor modes become massive owing to gravitational Higgs mechanism, and the model is free of the Boulware-Deser instability. The price we have to pay is that the scalar sector breaks the Lorentz-invariance, but there are no pathologies in the spectrum and lead to interesting phenomenology. Moreover, we present a proof of the absence of non-unitary modes for a specific ghost condensation model in a cosmological background. |
hep-th/0703265 | Nicolas Yunes | Stephon Alexander and Nicolas Yunes | A new PPN parameter to test Chern-Simons gravity | 4 pages, replaced with version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Letters (December, 2007) | Phys.Rev.Lett.99:241101,2007 | 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.241101 | IGPG-07/3-4 | hep-th astro-ph gr-qc | null | We study Chern-Simons (CS) gravity in the parameterized post-Newtonian (PPN)
framework through a weak-field solution of the modified field equations. We
find that CS gravity possesses the same PPN parameters as general relativity,
except for the inclusion of a new term, proportional to the CS coupling and the
curl of the PPN vector potential. This new term leads to a modification of
frame dragging and gyroscopic precession and we provide an estimate of its
size. This correction might be used in experiments, such as Gravity Probe B, to
bound CS gravity and test string theory.
| [
{
"created": "Wed, 28 Mar 2007 16:19:26 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Wed, 7 Nov 2007 17:31:39 GMT",
"version": "v2"
}
] | 2008-11-26 | [
[
"Alexander",
"Stephon",
""
],
[
"Yunes",
"Nicolas",
""
]
] | We study Chern-Simons (CS) gravity in the parameterized post-Newtonian (PPN) framework through a weak-field solution of the modified field equations. We find that CS gravity possesses the same PPN parameters as general relativity, except for the inclusion of a new term, proportional to the CS coupling and the curl of the PPN vector potential. This new term leads to a modification of frame dragging and gyroscopic precession and we provide an estimate of its size. This correction might be used in experiments, such as Gravity Probe B, to bound CS gravity and test string theory. |
1012.0904 | Fa-Min Chen | Fa-Min Chen | Superalgebra Realization of the 3-algebras in N=6, 8 Chern-Simons-matter
Theories | 29 pages, minor changes, published in JMP | J. Math. Phys. 53, 012301 (2012) | 10.1063/1.3674989 | null | hep-th | http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ | We use superalgebras to realize the 3-algebras used to construct N=6, 8
Chern-Simons-matter (CSM) theories. We demonstrate that the superalgebra
realization of the 3-algebras provides a unified framework for classifying the
gauge groups of the N \geq 5 theories based on 3-algebras. Using this
realization, we rederive the ordinary Lie algebra construction of the general
N=6 CSM theory from its 3-algebra counterpart, and reproduce all known examples
as well. In particular, we explicitly construct the Nambu 3-bracket in terms of
a double graded commutator of PSU(2|2). The N = 8 theory of Bagger, Lambert and
Gustavsson (BLG) with SO(4) gauge group is constructed by using several
different ways. A quantization scheme for the 3-brackets is proposed by
promoting the double graded commutators as quantum mechanical double graded
commutators.
| [
{
"created": "Sat, 4 Dec 2010 11:29:04 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Thu, 29 Mar 2012 06:43:29 GMT",
"version": "v2"
}
] | 2012-03-30 | [
[
"Chen",
"Fa-Min",
""
]
] | We use superalgebras to realize the 3-algebras used to construct N=6, 8 Chern-Simons-matter (CSM) theories. We demonstrate that the superalgebra realization of the 3-algebras provides a unified framework for classifying the gauge groups of the N \geq 5 theories based on 3-algebras. Using this realization, we rederive the ordinary Lie algebra construction of the general N=6 CSM theory from its 3-algebra counterpart, and reproduce all known examples as well. In particular, we explicitly construct the Nambu 3-bracket in terms of a double graded commutator of PSU(2|2). The N = 8 theory of Bagger, Lambert and Gustavsson (BLG) with SO(4) gauge group is constructed by using several different ways. A quantization scheme for the 3-brackets is proposed by promoting the double graded commutators as quantum mechanical double graded commutators. |
hep-th/0508240 | Pietro Menotti | Pietro Menotti, Erik Tonni | Quantum Liouville theory on the pseudosphere with heavy charges | LaTeX, 10 pages | Phys.Lett.B633:404-408,2006 | 10.1016/j.physletb.2005.11.061 | IFUP-TH-2005/15 | hep-th | null | We develop a perturbative expansion of quantum Liouville theory on the
pseudosphere around the background generated by heavy charges. Explicit results
are presented for the one and two point functions corresponding to the
summation of infinite classes of standard perturbative graphs. The results are
compared to the one point function and to a special case of the two point
function derived by Zamolodchikov and Zamolodchikov in the bootstrap approach,
finding complete agreement. A partial summation of the conformal block is also
obtained.
| [
{
"created": "Wed, 31 Aug 2005 08:00:49 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] | 2008-11-26 | [
[
"Menotti",
"Pietro",
""
],
[
"Tonni",
"Erik",
""
]
] | We develop a perturbative expansion of quantum Liouville theory on the pseudosphere around the background generated by heavy charges. Explicit results are presented for the one and two point functions corresponding to the summation of infinite classes of standard perturbative graphs. The results are compared to the one point function and to a special case of the two point function derived by Zamolodchikov and Zamolodchikov in the bootstrap approach, finding complete agreement. A partial summation of the conformal block is also obtained. |
1202.6635 | Shamit Kachru | Sarah Harrison, Shamit Kachru and Huajia Wang | Resolving Lifshitz Horizons | 14 pages, 3 figures; v2, references and comments added | null | null | SU-ITP-12/07 | hep-th | http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ | Via the AdS/CFT correspondence, ground states of field theories at finite
charge density are mapped to extremal black brane solutions. Studies of simple
gravity + matter systems in this context have uncovered wide new classes of
extremal geometries. The Lifshitz metrics characterising field theories with
non-trivial dynamical critical exponent $z \neq 1$ emerge as one common
endpoint in doped holographic toy models. However, the Lifshitz horizon
exhibits mildly singular behaviour - while curvature invariants are finite,
there are diverging tidal forces. Here we show that in some of the simplest
contexts where Lifshitz metrics emerge, Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton theories,
generic corrections lead to a replacement of the Lifshitz metric, in the deep
infrared, by a re-emergent $AdS_2 \times R^2$ geometry. Thus, at least in these
cases, the Lifshitz scaling characterises the physics over a wide range of
energy scales, but the mild singularity is cured by quantum or stringy effects.
| [
{
"created": "Wed, 29 Feb 2012 18:41:40 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Mon, 5 Mar 2012 19:41:45 GMT",
"version": "v2"
}
] | 2012-03-06 | [
[
"Harrison",
"Sarah",
""
],
[
"Kachru",
"Shamit",
""
],
[
"Wang",
"Huajia",
""
]
] | Via the AdS/CFT correspondence, ground states of field theories at finite charge density are mapped to extremal black brane solutions. Studies of simple gravity + matter systems in this context have uncovered wide new classes of extremal geometries. The Lifshitz metrics characterising field theories with non-trivial dynamical critical exponent $z \neq 1$ emerge as one common endpoint in doped holographic toy models. However, the Lifshitz horizon exhibits mildly singular behaviour - while curvature invariants are finite, there are diverging tidal forces. Here we show that in some of the simplest contexts where Lifshitz metrics emerge, Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton theories, generic corrections lead to a replacement of the Lifshitz metric, in the deep infrared, by a re-emergent $AdS_2 \times R^2$ geometry. Thus, at least in these cases, the Lifshitz scaling characterises the physics over a wide range of energy scales, but the mild singularity is cured by quantum or stringy effects. |
hep-th/0409145 | DaeKil Park | Eylee Jung, SungHoon Kim, D. K. Park | Proof of universality for the absorption of massive scalars by the
higher-dimensional Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m black holes | 11 pages, no figure, V2: version to appear in PLB | Phys.Lett. B602 (2004) 105-111 | 10.1016/j.physletb.2004.09.067 | null | hep-th gr-qc | null | Motivated by black hole experiments as a consequence of the TeV-scale gravity
arising from modern brane-world scenarios, we study the absorption problem for
the massive scalars when the spacetime background is a $(4+n)$-dimensional
Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m black hole. For analytic computation we adopt the
near-extreme condition in the spacetime background. It is shown that the
low-energy absorption cross section for the s-wave case holds an universality,
{\it i.e.} the absorption cross section equals to the area of the black hole
horizon divided by a velocity parameter.
| [
{
"created": "Tue, 14 Sep 2004 13:47:51 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Thu, 30 Sep 2004 08:32:06 GMT",
"version": "v2"
},
{
"created": "Fri, 1 Oct 2004 13:48:22 GMT",
"version": "v3"
}
] | 2009-11-10 | [
[
"Jung",
"Eylee",
""
],
[
"Kim",
"SungHoon",
""
],
[
"Park",
"D. K.",
""
]
] | Motivated by black hole experiments as a consequence of the TeV-scale gravity arising from modern brane-world scenarios, we study the absorption problem for the massive scalars when the spacetime background is a $(4+n)$-dimensional Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m black hole. For analytic computation we adopt the near-extreme condition in the spacetime background. It is shown that the low-energy absorption cross section for the s-wave case holds an universality, {\it i.e.} the absorption cross section equals to the area of the black hole horizon divided by a velocity parameter. |
hep-th/9402145 | Benjamin Enriquez | B. Enriquez | Quantum principal commutative subalgebra in the nilpotent part of
$U_q\widehat{s\ell}_2$ and lattice KdV variables | null | Commun.Math.Phys. 170 (1995) 197-206 | 10.1007/BF02099445 | null | hep-th | null | We propose a quantum lattice version of Feigin and E. Frenkel's
constructions, identifying the KdV differential polynomials with functions on a
homogeneous space under the nilpotent part of $\widehat{s\ell}_2$. We construct
an action of the nilpotent part $U_q\widehat n_+$ of $U_q\widehat{s\ell}_2$ on
their lattice counterparts, and embed the lattice variables in a $U_q\widehat
n_+$-module, coinduced from a quantum version of the principal commutative
subalgebra, which is defined using the identification of $U_q\widehat n_+$ with
its coordinate algebra.
| [
{
"created": "Fri, 25 Feb 1994 17:07:05 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] | 2009-10-28 | [
[
"Enriquez",
"B.",
""
]
] | We propose a quantum lattice version of Feigin and E. Frenkel's constructions, identifying the KdV differential polynomials with functions on a homogeneous space under the nilpotent part of $\widehat{s\ell}_2$. We construct an action of the nilpotent part $U_q\widehat n_+$ of $U_q\widehat{s\ell}_2$ on their lattice counterparts, and embed the lattice variables in a $U_q\widehat n_+$-module, coinduced from a quantum version of the principal commutative subalgebra, which is defined using the identification of $U_q\widehat n_+$ with its coordinate algebra. |
hep-th/9910070 | Amar Rida | A. Rida (USTHB, Alger, Algeria.), T. Sami (SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines
de Nantes, France.) | Non-chiral fusion rules, structure constants of D_m minimal models | 30 pages | null | null | null | hep-th | null | We present a technique to construct, for $D_{m}$ unitary minimal models, the
non-chiral fusion rules which determines the operator content of the operator
product algebra. Using these rules we solve the bootstrap equations and
therefore determine the structure constants of these models. Through this
approach we emphasize the role played by some discrete symmetries in the
classification of minimal models.
| [
{
"created": "Thu, 7 Oct 1999 20:39:33 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] | 2007-05-23 | [
[
"Rida",
"A.",
"",
"USTHB, Alger, Algeria."
],
[
"Sami",
"T.",
"",
"SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines\n de Nantes, France."
]
] | We present a technique to construct, for $D_{m}$ unitary minimal models, the non-chiral fusion rules which determines the operator content of the operator product algebra. Using these rules we solve the bootstrap equations and therefore determine the structure constants of these models. Through this approach we emphasize the role played by some discrete symmetries in the classification of minimal models. |
1706.00793 | Benjamin Assel | Benjamin Assel | The Space of Vacua of 3d $\mathcal{N}=3$ Abelian Theories | 78 pages, 41 figures | null | 10.1007/JHEP08(2017)011 | CERN-TH-2017-120 | hep-th | http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ | We use brane techniques to study the space of vacua of abelian 3d
$\mathcal{N}=3$ gauge theories. The coordinates on these spaces are the vevs of
chiral monopole and meson operators, which are realized in the type IIB brane
configuration of the theory by adding semi-infinite $(1,k)$ strings or F1
strings. The study of various brane setups allows us to determine a basis of
chiral operators and chiral ring relations relevant to each branch of vacua,
leading to the algebraic description of these branches. The method is mostly
graphical and does not require actual computations. We apply it and provide
explicit results in various examples. For linear quivers we find that the space
of vacua has in general a collection of Coulomb-like branches, a Higgs branch
and mixed branches. For circular quivers we find an extra branch, the geometric
branch, parametrized by monopoles with equal magnetic charges in all $U(1)$
nodes and meson operators. We explain how to include FI and mass deformations.
We also study $\mathcal{N}=3$ theories realized with $(p,q)$ 5-branes.
| [
{
"created": "Fri, 2 Jun 2017 18:01:41 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] | 2017-09-13 | [
[
"Assel",
"Benjamin",
""
]
] | We use brane techniques to study the space of vacua of abelian 3d $\mathcal{N}=3$ gauge theories. The coordinates on these spaces are the vevs of chiral monopole and meson operators, which are realized in the type IIB brane configuration of the theory by adding semi-infinite $(1,k)$ strings or F1 strings. The study of various brane setups allows us to determine a basis of chiral operators and chiral ring relations relevant to each branch of vacua, leading to the algebraic description of these branches. The method is mostly graphical and does not require actual computations. We apply it and provide explicit results in various examples. For linear quivers we find that the space of vacua has in general a collection of Coulomb-like branches, a Higgs branch and mixed branches. For circular quivers we find an extra branch, the geometric branch, parametrized by monopoles with equal magnetic charges in all $U(1)$ nodes and meson operators. We explain how to include FI and mass deformations. We also study $\mathcal{N}=3$ theories realized with $(p,q)$ 5-branes. |
hep-th/0111109 | Guang-Hong Chen | Guang-Hong Chen and Yong-Shi Wu | On Gauge Invariance of Noncommutative Chern-Simons Theories | 19 pages, 2 figures, revised version | Nucl.Phys. B628 (2002) 473-485 | 10.1016/S0550-3213(02)00094-9 | null | hep-th cond-mat.mes-hall | null | Motivated by possible applications to condensed matter systems, in this paper
we construct U(N) noncommutative Chern-Simons (NCCS) action for a disc and for
a double-layer geometry, respectively. In both cases, gauge invariance severely
constrains the form of the NCCS action. In the first case, it is necessary to
introduce a group-valued boson field with a non-local chiral boundary action,
whose gauge variation cancels that of the bulk action. In the second case, the
coefficient matrix $K$ in the double U(N) NCCS action is restricted to be of
the form with all the matrix elements being the same integer $k$. We suggest
that this double NCCS theory with U(1) gauge group describes the so-called
Halperin $(kkk)$ state in a double-layer quantum Hall system. Possible physical
consequences are addressed.
| [
{
"created": "Mon, 12 Nov 2001 20:01:37 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Thu, 15 Nov 2001 17:09:04 GMT",
"version": "v2"
}
] | 2009-11-07 | [
[
"Chen",
"Guang-Hong",
""
],
[
"Wu",
"Yong-Shi",
""
]
] | Motivated by possible applications to condensed matter systems, in this paper we construct U(N) noncommutative Chern-Simons (NCCS) action for a disc and for a double-layer geometry, respectively. In both cases, gauge invariance severely constrains the form of the NCCS action. In the first case, it is necessary to introduce a group-valued boson field with a non-local chiral boundary action, whose gauge variation cancels that of the bulk action. In the second case, the coefficient matrix $K$ in the double U(N) NCCS action is restricted to be of the form with all the matrix elements being the same integer $k$. We suggest that this double NCCS theory with U(1) gauge group describes the so-called Halperin $(kkk)$ state in a double-layer quantum Hall system. Possible physical consequences are addressed. |
hep-th/0201220 | Jean Zinn-Justin | J. Zinn-Justin | Chiral Anomalies and Topology | Saclay preprint, lecture notes, 72 pages, TeX with private macros,
one figure | null | null | T02/012 | hep-th hep-lat | null | When a quantum field theory has a symmetry, global or local like in gauge
theories, in the tree or classical approximation formal manipulations lead to
believe that the symmetry can also be implemented in the full quantum theory,
provided one uses the proper quantization rules. While this is often true, it
is not a general property and therefore requires a proof because simple formal
manipulations ignore the unavoidable divergences of perturbation theory. The
existence of invariant regularizations allows solving the problem in most cases
but the combination of gauge symmetry and chiral fermions leads to subtle
issues. Depending on the specific group and field content, anomalies are found:
obstructions to the quantization of chiral gauge symmetries.Because anomalies
take the form of local polynomials in the fields, are linked to local group
transformations, but vanish for global (rigid) transformations they have a
topological character.In these notes we review various perturbative and
non-perturbative regularization techniques, and show that they leave room for
possible anomalies when both gauge fields and chiral fermions are present. We
determine the form of anomalies in simple examples. We relate anomalies to the
index of the Dirac operator in a gauge background. We exhibit gauge instantons
that contribute to the anomaly in the example of the CP(N-1) models and SU(2)
gauge theories. We briefly mentioned a few physical consequences. For many
years the problem of anomalies had been discussed only within the framework of
perturbation theory. New non-perturbative solutions based on lattice
regularization have recently been proposed. We describe the so-called overlap
and domain wall fermion formulations.
| [
{
"created": "Mon, 28 Jan 2002 13:45:37 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] | 2007-05-23 | [
[
"Zinn-Justin",
"J.",
""
]
] | When a quantum field theory has a symmetry, global or local like in gauge theories, in the tree or classical approximation formal manipulations lead to believe that the symmetry can also be implemented in the full quantum theory, provided one uses the proper quantization rules. While this is often true, it is not a general property and therefore requires a proof because simple formal manipulations ignore the unavoidable divergences of perturbation theory. The existence of invariant regularizations allows solving the problem in most cases but the combination of gauge symmetry and chiral fermions leads to subtle issues. Depending on the specific group and field content, anomalies are found: obstructions to the quantization of chiral gauge symmetries.Because anomalies take the form of local polynomials in the fields, are linked to local group transformations, but vanish for global (rigid) transformations they have a topological character.In these notes we review various perturbative and non-perturbative regularization techniques, and show that they leave room for possible anomalies when both gauge fields and chiral fermions are present. We determine the form of anomalies in simple examples. We relate anomalies to the index of the Dirac operator in a gauge background. We exhibit gauge instantons that contribute to the anomaly in the example of the CP(N-1) models and SU(2) gauge theories. We briefly mentioned a few physical consequences. For many years the problem of anomalies had been discussed only within the framework of perturbation theory. New non-perturbative solutions based on lattice regularization have recently been proposed. We describe the so-called overlap and domain wall fermion formulations. |
1109.6454 | Paul Richmond | Neil Lambert, Paul Richmond | (2,0) Supersymmetry and the Light-Cone Description of M5-branes | 15 pages, v2: minor clarifications to sections 3 and 5, references
added. This version to appear in JHEP | null | 10.1007/JHEP02(2012)013 | CERN-PH-TH/2011-214; KCL-MTH-11-16 | hep-th | http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ | In 1007.2982 a novel system of equations which propagate in one null and four
space directions were obtained as the on-shell conditions for the
six-dimensional (2,0) superalgebra. In this paper we show how this system
reduces to one-dimensional motion on instanton moduli space. Quantization leads
to the previous light-cone proposal of the (2,0) theory, generalized to include
a potential that arises on the Coulomb branch as well as couplings to
background gauge and self-dual two-form fields.
| [
{
"created": "Thu, 29 Sep 2011 09:50:23 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Tue, 17 Jan 2012 20:11:30 GMT",
"version": "v2"
}
] | 2015-05-30 | [
[
"Lambert",
"Neil",
""
],
[
"Richmond",
"Paul",
""
]
] | In 1007.2982 a novel system of equations which propagate in one null and four space directions were obtained as the on-shell conditions for the six-dimensional (2,0) superalgebra. In this paper we show how this system reduces to one-dimensional motion on instanton moduli space. Quantization leads to the previous light-cone proposal of the (2,0) theory, generalized to include a potential that arises on the Coulomb branch as well as couplings to background gauge and self-dual two-form fields. |
hep-th/9607204 | Charles Thorn | Charles B. Thorn | Substructure of String | 14 pages, Latex document | null | null | null | hep-th | null | I review work developing the idea that string is a composite of point-like
entities called string bits. Old and new insights this picture brings into the
nature of string theory are discussed. This paper summarizes my talk presented
to the Strings96 conference at Santa Barbara, CA, 14-20 July 1996.
| [
{
"created": "Fri, 26 Jul 1996 22:59:35 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] | 2007-05-23 | [
[
"Thorn",
"Charles B.",
""
]
] | I review work developing the idea that string is a composite of point-like entities called string bits. Old and new insights this picture brings into the nature of string theory are discussed. This paper summarizes my talk presented to the Strings96 conference at Santa Barbara, CA, 14-20 July 1996. |
hep-th/0508208 | Troels Harmark | Troels Harmark and Poul Olesen | On the Structure of Stationary and Axisymmetric Metrics | 22 pages. v2: Presentation improved, ref. added | Phys.Rev. D72 (2005) 124017 | 10.1103/PhysRevD.72.124017 | null | hep-th gr-qc | null | We study the structure of stationary and axisymmetric metrics solving the
vacuum Einstein equations of General Relativity in four and higher dimensions,
building on recent work in hep-th/0408141. We write the Einstein equations in a
new form that naturally identifies the sources for such metrics. The sources
live in a one-dimensional subspace and the entire metric is uniquely determined
by them. We study in detail the structure of stationary and axisymmetric
metrics in four dimensions, and consider as an example the sources of the Kerr
black hole.
| [
{
"created": "Mon, 29 Aug 2005 10:13:57 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Fri, 2 Dec 2005 15:19:56 GMT",
"version": "v2"
}
] | 2009-11-11 | [
[
"Harmark",
"Troels",
""
],
[
"Olesen",
"Poul",
""
]
] | We study the structure of stationary and axisymmetric metrics solving the vacuum Einstein equations of General Relativity in four and higher dimensions, building on recent work in hep-th/0408141. We write the Einstein equations in a new form that naturally identifies the sources for such metrics. The sources live in a one-dimensional subspace and the entire metric is uniquely determined by them. We study in detail the structure of stationary and axisymmetric metrics in four dimensions, and consider as an example the sources of the Kerr black hole. |
0705.4205 | Daniel Blaschke | Daniel N. Blaschke, Harald Grosse, Manfred Schweda | Non-Commutative U(1) Gauge Theory on R**4 with Oscillator Term and BRST
Symmetry | 7 pages; v2 revised, v3 corrected eq. (14) and related text,
references updated | Europhys.Lett.79:61002,2007 | 10.1209/0295-5075/79/61002 | null | hep-th | null | Inspired by the renormalizability of the non-commutative Phi^4 model with
added oscillator term, we formulate a non-commutative gauge theory, where the
oscillator enters as a gauge fixing term in a BRST invariant manner. All
propagators turn out to be essentially given by the Mehler kernel and the
bilinear part of the action is invariant under the Langmann-Szabo duality. The
model is a promising candidate for a renormalizable non-commutative U(1) gauge
theory.
| [
{
"created": "Tue, 29 May 2007 12:34:23 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Wed, 27 Jun 2007 10:20:56 GMT",
"version": "v2"
},
{
"created": "Mon, 28 Jan 2008 13:13:57 GMT",
"version": "v3"
}
] | 2008-11-26 | [
[
"Blaschke",
"Daniel N.",
""
],
[
"Grosse",
"Harald",
""
],
[
"Schweda",
"Manfred",
""
]
] | Inspired by the renormalizability of the non-commutative Phi^4 model with added oscillator term, we formulate a non-commutative gauge theory, where the oscillator enters as a gauge fixing term in a BRST invariant manner. All propagators turn out to be essentially given by the Mehler kernel and the bilinear part of the action is invariant under the Langmann-Szabo duality. The model is a promising candidate for a renormalizable non-commutative U(1) gauge theory. |
hep-th/9411073 | Jean-Bruno Erismann | Nguyen Suan Han | Investigation of the High Energy Behaviours of the Scalar Particle
Scattering Amplitude in the Gravitational Field by Functional Approach | 8 pages, LaTeX | null | null | CPT-94/P.3084 | hep-th | null | Closed expressions for the Green function and amplitude of the scalar
particle scattering in the external gravitational field $g_{\mu\nu}(x)$ are
found in the form of functional integrals. It is shown that, as compared with
the scattering on the vector potential, the tensor character of the
gravitational field leads to a more rapid increase of the cross section with
increasing energy. Discrete energy levels of particles are obtained in the
Newton potential.
| [
{
"created": "Thu, 10 Nov 1994 11:33:16 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] | 2007-05-23 | [
[
"Han",
"Nguyen Suan",
""
]
] | Closed expressions for the Green function and amplitude of the scalar particle scattering in the external gravitational field $g_{\mu\nu}(x)$ are found in the form of functional integrals. It is shown that, as compared with the scattering on the vector potential, the tensor character of the gravitational field leads to a more rapid increase of the cross section with increasing energy. Discrete energy levels of particles are obtained in the Newton potential. |
1608.02036 | Martin Polacek | Martin Pol\'a\v{c}ek, Warren Siegel | Pre-potential in the $AdS_{5}\,\times\,S^{5}$ Type IIB superspace | null | null | 10.1007/JHEP01(2017)059 | null | hep-th | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ | We found the pre-potential in the superspace with $AdS_{5}\,\times\,S^{5}$
background. The pre-potential appears as part of the vielbeins, without
derivatives. The space-cone gauge destroys the bulk Lorentz covariance, but
still preserves boundary Lorentz covariance (projective superspace)
$SO\,(\,3,\,1\,)\,\otimes\,SO\,(\,4\,)$, i.e. symmetries of boundary CFT are
manifest.
| [
{
"created": "Fri, 5 Aug 2016 22:48:33 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] | 2017-02-01 | [
[
"Poláček",
"Martin",
""
],
[
"Siegel",
"Warren",
""
]
] | We found the pre-potential in the superspace with $AdS_{5}\,\times\,S^{5}$ background. The pre-potential appears as part of the vielbeins, without derivatives. The space-cone gauge destroys the bulk Lorentz covariance, but still preserves boundary Lorentz covariance (projective superspace) $SO\,(\,3,\,1\,)\,\otimes\,SO\,(\,4\,)$, i.e. symmetries of boundary CFT are manifest. |
0908.1344 | Paul Sutcliffe | Richard Battye and Paul Sutcliffe | Stability and the equation of state for kinky vortons | 13 pages, 6 figures | Phys.Rev.D80:085024,2009 | 10.1103/PhysRevD.80.085024 | DCPT-09/49 | hep-th | http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ | Vortons are closed loops of superconducting strings carrying current and
charge. A formalism has been developed to study vortons in terms of an elastic
string approximation, but its implementation requires knowledge of the unknown
equation of state, relating the string tension to the energy per unit length.
Recently, a planar analogue of the vorton, known as a kinky vorton, has been
introduced. In this paper we derive an exact formula for the equation of state
of a kinky vorton and use it to calculate the properties of the associated
elastic string, such as the transverse and longitudinal propagation speeds. In
particular, the elastic string approximation predicts a complicated and highly
non-trivial pattern of intervals of instability, which we are able to confirm
using full field simulations. The implications of the results for vortons are
also discussed.
| [
{
"created": "Mon, 10 Aug 2009 15:54:50 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] | 2009-11-05 | [
[
"Battye",
"Richard",
""
],
[
"Sutcliffe",
"Paul",
""
]
] | Vortons are closed loops of superconducting strings carrying current and charge. A formalism has been developed to study vortons in terms of an elastic string approximation, but its implementation requires knowledge of the unknown equation of state, relating the string tension to the energy per unit length. Recently, a planar analogue of the vorton, known as a kinky vorton, has been introduced. In this paper we derive an exact formula for the equation of state of a kinky vorton and use it to calculate the properties of the associated elastic string, such as the transverse and longitudinal propagation speeds. In particular, the elastic string approximation predicts a complicated and highly non-trivial pattern of intervals of instability, which we are able to confirm using full field simulations. The implications of the results for vortons are also discussed. |
1806.03766 | Dong-han Yeom | Pisin Chen, Misao Sasaki, Dong-han Yeom | Hawking radiation as instantons | 17 pages, 7 figures | Eur.Phys.J. C79 (2019) no.7, 627 | 10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-7138-0 | null | hep-th gr-qc | http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ | There have been various interpretations of Hawking radiation proposed based
on the perturbative approach, and all have confirmed Hawking's original
finding. One major conceptual challenge of Hawking evaporation is the
associated black hole information loss paradox, which remains unresolved. A key
factor to the issue is the end-stage of the black hole evaporation.
Unfortunately by then the evaporation process becomes non-perturbative. Aspired
to provide a tool for the eventual solution to this problem, here we introduce
a new interpretation of Hawking radiation as the tunneling of instantons. We
study instantons of a massless scalar field in Einstein gravity. We consider a
complex-valued instanton that connects an initial pure black hole state to a
black hole with a scalar field that represents the Hawking radiation at future
null infinity, where its action depends only on the areal entropy difference.
By comparing it with several independent approaches to Hawking radiation in the
perturbative limit, we conclude that Hawking radiation may indeed be described
by a family of instantons. Since the instanton approach can describe
non-perturbative processes, we hope that our new interpretation and holistic
method may shed lights on the information loss problem.
| [
{
"created": "Mon, 11 Jun 2018 02:07:55 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Wed, 31 Jul 2019 02:04:48 GMT",
"version": "v2"
}
] | 2019-08-01 | [
[
"Chen",
"Pisin",
""
],
[
"Sasaki",
"Misao",
""
],
[
"Yeom",
"Dong-han",
""
]
] | There have been various interpretations of Hawking radiation proposed based on the perturbative approach, and all have confirmed Hawking's original finding. One major conceptual challenge of Hawking evaporation is the associated black hole information loss paradox, which remains unresolved. A key factor to the issue is the end-stage of the black hole evaporation. Unfortunately by then the evaporation process becomes non-perturbative. Aspired to provide a tool for the eventual solution to this problem, here we introduce a new interpretation of Hawking radiation as the tunneling of instantons. We study instantons of a massless scalar field in Einstein gravity. We consider a complex-valued instanton that connects an initial pure black hole state to a black hole with a scalar field that represents the Hawking radiation at future null infinity, where its action depends only on the areal entropy difference. By comparing it with several independent approaches to Hawking radiation in the perturbative limit, we conclude that Hawking radiation may indeed be described by a family of instantons. Since the instanton approach can describe non-perturbative processes, we hope that our new interpretation and holistic method may shed lights on the information loss problem. |
2104.00117 | Saeed Noori Gashti | J. Sadeghi, S. Noori Gashti | Anisotropic constant-roll inflation with noncommutative model and
swampland conjectures | 18 pages, 16 figures. accepted by The European Physical Journal C | The European Physical Journal C 81, 1-10 (2021) | 10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09103-x | null | hep-th gr-qc | http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ | In this paper, we study a constant-roll inflationary model in the presence of
a noncommutative parameter with a homogeneous scalar field minimally coupled to
gravity. The specific noncommutative inflation conditions proposed new
consequences. On the other hand, we use anisotropic conditions and find new
anisotropic constant-roll solutions with respect to noncommutative parameter.
Also, we will plot some figures with respect to the specific values of the
corresponding parameter and the swampland criteria which is raised from the
exact potential obtained from the constant-roll condition. Finally, different
figures lead us to analyze the corresponding results and also show the effect
of above mentioned parameter on the inflationary model.
| [
{
"created": "Wed, 31 Mar 2021 21:05:20 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Tue, 6 Apr 2021 19:01:10 GMT",
"version": "v2"
}
] | 2023-02-14 | [
[
"Sadeghi",
"J.",
""
],
[
"Gashti",
"S. Noori",
""
]
] | In this paper, we study a constant-roll inflationary model in the presence of a noncommutative parameter with a homogeneous scalar field minimally coupled to gravity. The specific noncommutative inflation conditions proposed new consequences. On the other hand, we use anisotropic conditions and find new anisotropic constant-roll solutions with respect to noncommutative parameter. Also, we will plot some figures with respect to the specific values of the corresponding parameter and the swampland criteria which is raised from the exact potential obtained from the constant-roll condition. Finally, different figures lead us to analyze the corresponding results and also show the effect of above mentioned parameter on the inflationary model. |
hep-th/9310077 | Cobi Sonnenschein | J. Sonnenschein and S. Yankielowicz | Non-Critical String Models as Topological Coset models | 18 pages | null | null | null | hep-th | null | The topological coset model appraoch to non-critical string models is
summarized. The action of a topological twisted ${G\over H}$ coset model
($rank\ H = rank\ G$) is written down. A ``topological coset algebra" is
derived and compared with the algebraic structure of the $N=2$ twisted models.
The cohomology on a free field Fock space as well as on the space of
irreducible representation of the ``matter" \ala are extracted. We compare the
results of the $A_1^{(N-1)}$ at level $k={p\over q}-N$ with those of $(p,q)$
$W_N$ strings. A ${SL(2,R)\over SL(2,R)}$ model which corresponds to the $c=1$
is written down. A similarity transformation on the BRST charge enables us to
extract the full BRST cohomoloy. One to one correspondence between the physical
states of the $c=1$ and the corresponding coset model is found. Talk presented
at ``Strings' 93", May 93 Berekely.}
| [
{
"created": "Thu, 14 Oct 1993 08:12:23 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] | 2007-05-23 | [
[
"Sonnenschein",
"J.",
""
],
[
"Yankielowicz",
"S.",
""
]
] | The topological coset model appraoch to non-critical string models is summarized. The action of a topological twisted ${G\over H}$ coset model ($rank\ H = rank\ G$) is written down. A ``topological coset algebra" is derived and compared with the algebraic structure of the $N=2$ twisted models. The cohomology on a free field Fock space as well as on the space of irreducible representation of the ``matter" \ala are extracted. We compare the results of the $A_1^{(N-1)}$ at level $k={p\over q}-N$ with those of $(p,q)$ $W_N$ strings. A ${SL(2,R)\over SL(2,R)}$ model which corresponds to the $c=1$ is written down. A similarity transformation on the BRST charge enables us to extract the full BRST cohomoloy. One to one correspondence between the physical states of the $c=1$ and the corresponding coset model is found. Talk presented at ``Strings' 93", May 93 Berekely.} |
1810.08625 | Andrea Legramandi | Andrea Legramandi, Luca Martucci and Alessandro Tomasiello | Timelike structures of ten-dimensional supersymmetry | 61 pages; v3: typo fixed | null | 10.1007/JHEP04(2019)109 | null | hep-th | http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ | In several contexts, supersymmetry can be reformulated in terms of
calibrations, namely forms whose integrals measure minimal energies. It has
been conjectured that this should be possible in general. For type II
supergravity, we present a new system of equations which realizes this
expectation. Besides the customary D-brane calibrations, it also includes
NS5-brane and KK5-monopole calibrations. It is equivalent to supersymmetry
under the assumption that the Killing vector associated to supersymmetry is
timelike. No assumption is made on a factorization of spacetime. We also obtain
a version of the system which is manifestly S-invariant and we present an
application to near-horizon backgrounds. Using calibration, a definition of
central charges in purely gravitational terms is given.
| [
{
"created": "Fri, 19 Oct 2018 18:00:35 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Sun, 8 Sep 2019 00:35:29 GMT",
"version": "v2"
},
{
"created": "Sat, 2 Sep 2023 14:04:45 GMT",
"version": "v3"
}
] | 2023-09-06 | [
[
"Legramandi",
"Andrea",
""
],
[
"Martucci",
"Luca",
""
],
[
"Tomasiello",
"Alessandro",
""
]
] | In several contexts, supersymmetry can be reformulated in terms of calibrations, namely forms whose integrals measure minimal energies. It has been conjectured that this should be possible in general. For type II supergravity, we present a new system of equations which realizes this expectation. Besides the customary D-brane calibrations, it also includes NS5-brane and KK5-monopole calibrations. It is equivalent to supersymmetry under the assumption that the Killing vector associated to supersymmetry is timelike. No assumption is made on a factorization of spacetime. We also obtain a version of the system which is manifestly S-invariant and we present an application to near-horizon backgrounds. Using calibration, a definition of central charges in purely gravitational terms is given. |
1510.08691 | Josip Trampetic Dr. | Raul Horvat, Josip Trampeti\'c and Jiangyang You | Photon self-interaction on deformed spacetime | 24 pages, 3 figures. Version published in Physical Review D 92,
125006 (2015). arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1506.02864 | null | 10.1103/PhysRevD.92.125006 | null | hep-th hep-ph math-ph math.MP | http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ | A novel nonlocal four-photon interaction on the deformed spacetime is derived
and studied in the three selected models (I, II, III). The first two models (I,
II) are obtained via two distinct second-order $\theta$-exact Seiberg-Witten
maps of the noncommutative U(1) gauge field strength on Moyal space. The third
one (III), inspired by the manifestly gauge invariant structures emerging in
the first two, due to the model generality has been constructed with a
different set of freedom parameters. The physical relevancy of all models is
analyzed by evaluating the four-photon-tadpole diagram, which, when combined
with the bubble graph, enables us to fully consider all contributions to the
one-loop photon polarization tensor. For an arbitrary noncommutative matrix
theta^\mu\nu, the full quadratic IR divergence cancellation in the one-loop
photon two-point function is obtained with particular combinations of
Seiberg-Witten map/gauge-symmetry freedom parameters in models I and II.
Finally, our model III enables complete elimination of all pathological terms
in the photon polarization tensor at one-loop order if a special value for the
theta matrix is chosen.
| [
{
"created": "Thu, 29 Oct 2015 13:55:57 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Wed, 2 Dec 2015 14:51:04 GMT",
"version": "v2"
}
] | 2016-01-20 | [
[
"Horvat",
"Raul",
""
],
[
"Trampetić",
"Josip",
""
],
[
"You",
"Jiangyang",
""
]
] | A novel nonlocal four-photon interaction on the deformed spacetime is derived and studied in the three selected models (I, II, III). The first two models (I, II) are obtained via two distinct second-order $\theta$-exact Seiberg-Witten maps of the noncommutative U(1) gauge field strength on Moyal space. The third one (III), inspired by the manifestly gauge invariant structures emerging in the first two, due to the model generality has been constructed with a different set of freedom parameters. The physical relevancy of all models is analyzed by evaluating the four-photon-tadpole diagram, which, when combined with the bubble graph, enables us to fully consider all contributions to the one-loop photon polarization tensor. For an arbitrary noncommutative matrix theta^\mu\nu, the full quadratic IR divergence cancellation in the one-loop photon two-point function is obtained with particular combinations of Seiberg-Witten map/gauge-symmetry freedom parameters in models I and II. Finally, our model III enables complete elimination of all pathological terms in the photon polarization tensor at one-loop order if a special value for the theta matrix is chosen. |
1708.08686 | Roldao da Rocha | A. Fernandes-Silva, R. da Rocha | Gregory-Laflamme analysis of MGD black strings | 9 pages, 1 figure, matches the published version | Eur. Phys.J. C 78 (2018) 271 | 10.1140/epjc/s10052-018-5754-8 | null | hep-th gr-qc | http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ | The minimal geometric deformation (MGD), associated with the 4D Schwarzschild
solution of the Einstein equations, is shown to be a solution of the pure 4D
Ricci quadratic gravity theory, whose linear perturbations are then implemented
by the Gregory-Laflamme eigentensors of the Lichnerowicz operator. The
stability of MGD black strings is hence studied, through the correspondence
between their Lichnerowicz eigenmodes and the ones associated with the 4D MGD
solutions. Its is shown that there exists a critical mass driving the MGD black
strings stability, above which the MGD black string is precluded from any
Gregory-Laflamme instability. The general relativistic limit leads the MGD
black string to be unstable, as expected, corresponding to the standard
Gregory-Laflamme black string instability.
| [
{
"created": "Tue, 29 Aug 2017 10:39:08 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Mon, 2 Apr 2018 23:56:37 GMT",
"version": "v2"
}
] | 2018-04-04 | [
[
"Fernandes-Silva",
"A.",
""
],
[
"da Rocha",
"R.",
""
]
] | The minimal geometric deformation (MGD), associated with the 4D Schwarzschild solution of the Einstein equations, is shown to be a solution of the pure 4D Ricci quadratic gravity theory, whose linear perturbations are then implemented by the Gregory-Laflamme eigentensors of the Lichnerowicz operator. The stability of MGD black strings is hence studied, through the correspondence between their Lichnerowicz eigenmodes and the ones associated with the 4D MGD solutions. Its is shown that there exists a critical mass driving the MGD black strings stability, above which the MGD black string is precluded from any Gregory-Laflamme instability. The general relativistic limit leads the MGD black string to be unstable, as expected, corresponding to the standard Gregory-Laflamme black string instability. |
1405.3533 | Nima Afkhami-Jeddi | Nima Afkhami-Jeddi | Soft Graviton Theorem in Arbitrary Dimensions | 10 pages | null | null | null | hep-th | http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ | In this note we show that the recent conjecture proposed by Cachazo and
Strominger holds at tree level in arbitrary dimensions. The proof makes crucial
use of the fact that the sub-leading operator is defined using the total
angular momentum operator. A key ingredient that makes the proof possible is
the CHY formula for graviton amplitudes in arbitrary number of dimensions.
| [
{
"created": "Wed, 14 May 2014 15:21:52 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] | 2014-05-15 | [
[
"Afkhami-Jeddi",
"Nima",
""
]
] | In this note we show that the recent conjecture proposed by Cachazo and Strominger holds at tree level in arbitrary dimensions. The proof makes crucial use of the fact that the sub-leading operator is defined using the total angular momentum operator. A key ingredient that makes the proof possible is the CHY formula for graviton amplitudes in arbitrary number of dimensions. |
2403.04953 | Dionisio Bazeia | D. Bazeia, M. A. Feitosa, R. Menezes, G. S. Santiago | Geometrically Constrained Localized Configurations: First-Order
Framework and Analytical Solutions | 20 pages, 20 figures | Annals Physics 463 (2024) 169638 | 10.1016/j.aop.2024.169638 | null | hep-th | http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ | This work deals with the presence of topological structures in models of two
real scalar fields in the two-dimensional spacetime. The subject concerns the
presence of a geometric constriction, which appears with a modification of the
kinetic term of one of the two fields. We elaborate on the construction of a
first-order framework, which directly contributes to find analytical solutions.
We describe several distinct possibilities, in particular, the case where the
first-order equations do not separate. This is much harder, but we use the
integrating factor to deal with analytical configurations. The proposed
methodology help us deal with localized structures of both the N\'eel and Bloch
type very naturally, and we end the work suggesting some possibilities of
applications in distinct areas of nonlinear science.
| [
{
"created": "Thu, 7 Mar 2024 23:41:50 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] | 2024-03-11 | [
[
"Bazeia",
"D.",
""
],
[
"Feitosa",
"M. A.",
""
],
[
"Menezes",
"R.",
""
],
[
"Santiago",
"G. S.",
""
]
] | This work deals with the presence of topological structures in models of two real scalar fields in the two-dimensional spacetime. The subject concerns the presence of a geometric constriction, which appears with a modification of the kinetic term of one of the two fields. We elaborate on the construction of a first-order framework, which directly contributes to find analytical solutions. We describe several distinct possibilities, in particular, the case where the first-order equations do not separate. This is much harder, but we use the integrating factor to deal with analytical configurations. The proposed methodology help us deal with localized structures of both the N\'eel and Bloch type very naturally, and we end the work suggesting some possibilities of applications in distinct areas of nonlinear science. |
1610.05308 | Sandipan Kundu | Thomas Hartman, Sandipan Kundu, Amirhossein Tajdini | Averaged Null Energy Condition from Causality | 31+8 pages | null | 10.1007/JHEP07(2017)066 | null | hep-th gr-qc hep-ph | http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ | Unitary, Lorentz-invariant quantum field theories in flat spacetime obey
microcausality: commutators vanish at spacelike separation. For interacting
theories in more than two dimensions, we show that this implies that the
averaged null energy, $\int du T_{uu}$, must be positive. This non-local
operator appears in the operator product expansion of local operators in the
lightcone limit, and therefore contributes to $n$-point functions. We derive a
sum rule that isolates this contribution and is manifestly positive. The
argument also applies to certain higher spin operators other than the stress
tensor, generating an infinite family of new constraints of the form $\int du
X_{uuu\cdots u} \geq 0$. These lead to new inequalities for the coupling
constants of spinning operators in conformal field theory, which include as
special cases (but are generally stronger than) the existing constraints from
the lightcone bootstrap, deep inelastic scattering, conformal collider methods,
and relative entropy. We also comment on the relation to the recent derivation
of the averaged null energy condition from relative entropy, and suggest a more
general connection between causality and information-theoretic inequalities in
QFT.
| [
{
"created": "Mon, 17 Oct 2016 20:00:02 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] | 2017-08-02 | [
[
"Hartman",
"Thomas",
""
],
[
"Kundu",
"Sandipan",
""
],
[
"Tajdini",
"Amirhossein",
""
]
] | Unitary, Lorentz-invariant quantum field theories in flat spacetime obey microcausality: commutators vanish at spacelike separation. For interacting theories in more than two dimensions, we show that this implies that the averaged null energy, $\int du T_{uu}$, must be positive. This non-local operator appears in the operator product expansion of local operators in the lightcone limit, and therefore contributes to $n$-point functions. We derive a sum rule that isolates this contribution and is manifestly positive. The argument also applies to certain higher spin operators other than the stress tensor, generating an infinite family of new constraints of the form $\int du X_{uuu\cdots u} \geq 0$. These lead to new inequalities for the coupling constants of spinning operators in conformal field theory, which include as special cases (but are generally stronger than) the existing constraints from the lightcone bootstrap, deep inelastic scattering, conformal collider methods, and relative entropy. We also comment on the relation to the recent derivation of the averaged null energy condition from relative entropy, and suggest a more general connection between causality and information-theoretic inequalities in QFT. |
2103.02796 | Song He | Song He, Zhenjie Li, Qinglin Yang | Notes on cluster algebras and some all-loop Feynman integrals | 28 pages, several figures; v2: typos corrected, functions of ladder
integrals computed to higher loops; v3: more examples of double-penta-ladder
integrals and discussions about their alphabet added | null | 10.1007/JHEP06(2021)119 | null | hep-th | http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ | We study cluster algebras for some all-loop Feynman integrals, including
box-ladder, penta-box-ladder, and (seven-point) double-penta-ladder integrals.
In addition to the well-known box ladder whose symbol alphabet is $D_2\simeq
A_1^2$, we show that penta-box ladder has an alphabet of $D_3\simeq A_3$ and
provide strong evidence that the alphabet of double-penta ladder can be
identified with a $D_4$ cluster algebra. We relate the symbol letters to the
${\bf u}$ variables of cluster configuration space, which provide a
gauge-invariant description of the cluster algebra, and we find various
sub-algebras associated with limits of the integrals. We comment on constraints
similar to extended-Steinmann relations or cluster adjacency conditions on
cluster function spaces. Our study of the symbol and alphabet is based on the
recently proposed Wilson-loop ${\rm d}\log$ representation, which allows us to
predict higher-loop alphabet recursively; by applying such recursions to
six-dimensional hexagon integrals, we also find $D_5$ and $D_6$ cluster
functions for the two-mass-easy and three-mass-easy case, respectively.
| [
{
"created": "Thu, 4 Mar 2021 02:43:13 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Fri, 26 Mar 2021 07:47:42 GMT",
"version": "v2"
},
{
"created": "Tue, 13 Apr 2021 06:50:25 GMT",
"version": "v3"
}
] | 2021-07-07 | [
[
"He",
"Song",
""
],
[
"Li",
"Zhenjie",
""
],
[
"Yang",
"Qinglin",
""
]
] | We study cluster algebras for some all-loop Feynman integrals, including box-ladder, penta-box-ladder, and (seven-point) double-penta-ladder integrals. In addition to the well-known box ladder whose symbol alphabet is $D_2\simeq A_1^2$, we show that penta-box ladder has an alphabet of $D_3\simeq A_3$ and provide strong evidence that the alphabet of double-penta ladder can be identified with a $D_4$ cluster algebra. We relate the symbol letters to the ${\bf u}$ variables of cluster configuration space, which provide a gauge-invariant description of the cluster algebra, and we find various sub-algebras associated with limits of the integrals. We comment on constraints similar to extended-Steinmann relations or cluster adjacency conditions on cluster function spaces. Our study of the symbol and alphabet is based on the recently proposed Wilson-loop ${\rm d}\log$ representation, which allows us to predict higher-loop alphabet recursively; by applying such recursions to six-dimensional hexagon integrals, we also find $D_5$ and $D_6$ cluster functions for the two-mass-easy and three-mass-easy case, respectively. |
1602.04221 | Jonathan Heckman | Fabio Apruzzi, Falk Hassler, Jonathan J. Heckman, Ilarion V. Melnikov | UV Completions for Non-Critical Strings | v4: 102 pages, 2 figures, clarifications added | null | 10.1007/JHEP07(2016)045 | null | hep-th | http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ | Compactifications of the physical superstring to two dimensions provide a
general template for realizing 2D conformal field theories coupled to
worldsheet gravity, i.e. non-critical string theories. Motivated by this
observation, in this paper we determine the quasi-topological 8D theory which
governs the vacua of 2D N = (0,2) gauged linear sigma models (GLSMs) obtained
from compactifications of type I and heterotic strings on a Calabi-Yau
fourfold. We also determine the quasi-topological 6D theory governing the 2D
vacua of intersecting 7-branes in compactifications of F-theory on an
elliptically fibered Calabi-Yau fivefold, where matter fields and interaction
terms localize on lower-dimensional subspaces, i.e. defect operators. To cancel
anomalies / cancel tadpoles, these GLSMs must couple to additional chiral
sectors, which in some cases do not admit a known description in terms of a UV
GLSM. Additionally, we find that constructing an anomaly free spectrum can
sometimes break supersymmetry due to spacetime filling anti-branes. We also
study various canonical examples such as the standard embedding of heterotic
strings on a Calabi-Yau fourfold and F-theoretic "rigid clusters" with no local
deformation moduli of the elliptic fibration.
| [
{
"created": "Fri, 12 Feb 2016 21:00:04 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Tue, 23 Feb 2016 19:20:31 GMT",
"version": "v2"
},
{
"created": "Thu, 21 Apr 2016 16:05:43 GMT",
"version": "v3"
},
{
"created": "Fri, 5 Aug 2016 18:00:56 GMT",
"version": "v4"
}
] | 2016-08-08 | [
[
"Apruzzi",
"Fabio",
""
],
[
"Hassler",
"Falk",
""
],
[
"Heckman",
"Jonathan J.",
""
],
[
"Melnikov",
"Ilarion V.",
""
]
] | Compactifications of the physical superstring to two dimensions provide a general template for realizing 2D conformal field theories coupled to worldsheet gravity, i.e. non-critical string theories. Motivated by this observation, in this paper we determine the quasi-topological 8D theory which governs the vacua of 2D N = (0,2) gauged linear sigma models (GLSMs) obtained from compactifications of type I and heterotic strings on a Calabi-Yau fourfold. We also determine the quasi-topological 6D theory governing the 2D vacua of intersecting 7-branes in compactifications of F-theory on an elliptically fibered Calabi-Yau fivefold, where matter fields and interaction terms localize on lower-dimensional subspaces, i.e. defect operators. To cancel anomalies / cancel tadpoles, these GLSMs must couple to additional chiral sectors, which in some cases do not admit a known description in terms of a UV GLSM. Additionally, we find that constructing an anomaly free spectrum can sometimes break supersymmetry due to spacetime filling anti-branes. We also study various canonical examples such as the standard embedding of heterotic strings on a Calabi-Yau fourfold and F-theoretic "rigid clusters" with no local deformation moduli of the elliptic fibration. |
0906.3272 | Vijay Balasubramanian | Vijay Balasubramanian, Jan de Boer, M.M. Sheikh-Jabbari, and Joan
Simon | What is a chiral 2d CFT? And what does it have to do with extremal black
holes? | 21 pages, no fig. v2: references added, minor improvements | JHEP 1002:017,2010 | 10.1007/JHEP02(2010)017 | IPM/P-2009-022, UPR-T-1209 | hep-th | http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ | The near horizon limit of the extremal BTZ black hole is a``self-dual
orbifold'' of AdS_3. This geometry has a null circle on its boundary, and thus
the dual field theory is a Discrete Light Cone Quantized (DLCQ) two dimensional
CFT. The same geometry can be compactified to two dimensions giving AdS_2 with
a constant electric field. The kinematics of the DLCQ show that in a consistent
quantum theory of gravity in these backgrounds there can be no dynamics in
AdS_2, which is consistent with older ideas about instabilities in this space.
We show how the necessary boundary conditions eliminating AdS_2 fluctuations
can be implemented, leaving one copy of a Virasoro algebra as the asymptotic
symmetry group. Our considerations clarify some aspects of the chiral CFTs
appearing in proposed dual descriptions of the near-horizon degrees of freedom
of extremal black holes.
| [
{
"created": "Wed, 17 Jun 2009 18:31:56 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Thu, 17 Dec 2009 12:17:17 GMT",
"version": "v2"
}
] | 2010-02-11 | [
[
"Balasubramanian",
"Vijay",
""
],
[
"de Boer",
"Jan",
""
],
[
"Sheikh-Jabbari",
"M. M.",
""
],
[
"Simon",
"Joan",
""
]
] | The near horizon limit of the extremal BTZ black hole is a``self-dual orbifold'' of AdS_3. This geometry has a null circle on its boundary, and thus the dual field theory is a Discrete Light Cone Quantized (DLCQ) two dimensional CFT. The same geometry can be compactified to two dimensions giving AdS_2 with a constant electric field. The kinematics of the DLCQ show that in a consistent quantum theory of gravity in these backgrounds there can be no dynamics in AdS_2, which is consistent with older ideas about instabilities in this space. We show how the necessary boundary conditions eliminating AdS_2 fluctuations can be implemented, leaving one copy of a Virasoro algebra as the asymptotic symmetry group. Our considerations clarify some aspects of the chiral CFTs appearing in proposed dual descriptions of the near-horizon degrees of freedom of extremal black holes. |
2312.02129 | Arpit Das | Arpit Das | Meromorphic CFTs have central charges c = 8$\mathbb{N}$: a proof based
on the MLDE approach and Rademacher series | 15 pages, comments are most welcome. v2: modified the title and
abstract slightly, references updated, fixed typos, main results and analysis
unchanged | null | null | null | hep-th cond-mat.str-el math-ph math.MP math.NT math.QA | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | In this short note, we present a simple and elementary proof that meromorphic
conformal field theories (CFTs) have central charges of the form: $c=8N$ with
$N\in\mathbb{N}$ (the set of natural numbers) using the modular linear
differential equations (MLDEs) approach. We first set up the 1-character MLDE
for arbitrary value of the Wronskian index: $\ell$. From this we get the
general form of the meromorphic CFT's character. We then study its modular
transformations and the asymptotic value of it's Fourier coefficients -- using
Rademacher series -- to conclude that odd values of $\ell$ make the character
in-admissible implying that the central charge for admissible character has to
be a multiple of 8.
| [
{
"created": "Mon, 4 Dec 2023 18:53:51 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Thu, 30 May 2024 14:00:33 GMT",
"version": "v2"
}
] | 2024-05-31 | [
[
"Das",
"Arpit",
""
]
] | In this short note, we present a simple and elementary proof that meromorphic conformal field theories (CFTs) have central charges of the form: $c=8N$ with $N\in\mathbb{N}$ (the set of natural numbers) using the modular linear differential equations (MLDEs) approach. We first set up the 1-character MLDE for arbitrary value of the Wronskian index: $\ell$. From this we get the general form of the meromorphic CFT's character. We then study its modular transformations and the asymptotic value of it's Fourier coefficients -- using Rademacher series -- to conclude that odd values of $\ell$ make the character in-admissible implying that the central charge for admissible character has to be a multiple of 8. |
0801.0185 | S. Q. Wu | Jun-Jin Peng, Shuang-Qing Wu | Covariant anomalies and Hawking radiation from charged rotating black
strings in anti-de Sitter spacetimes | 16 pages, 0 figure, 3rd version to be accepted in PLB | Phys.Lett.B661:300-306,2008 | 10.1016/j.physletb.2008.02.023 | null | hep-th gr-qc | null | Motivated by the success of the recently proposed method of anomaly
cancellation to derive Hawking fluxes from black hole horizons of spacetimes in
various dimensions, we have further extended the covariant anomaly cancellation
method shortly simplified by Banerjee and Kulkarni to explore the Hawking
radiation of the (3+1)-dimensional charged rotating black strings and their
higher dimensional extensions in anti-de Sitter spacetimes, whose horizons are
not spherical but can be toroidal, cylindrical or planar, according to their
global identifications. It should be emphasized that our analysis presented
here is very general in the sense that the determinant of the reduced
(1+1)-dimensional effective metric from these black strings need not be equal
to one $(\sqrt{-g} \neq 1)$. Our results indicate that the gauge and energy
momentum fluxes needed to cancel the (1+1)-dimensional covariant gauge and
gravitational anomalies are compatible with the Hawking fluxes. Besides,
thermodynamics of these black strings are studied in the case of a variable
cosmological constant.
| [
{
"created": "Mon, 31 Dec 2007 04:40:59 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Sat, 12 Jan 2008 04:45:31 GMT",
"version": "v2"
},
{
"created": "Mon, 11 Feb 2008 02:27:14 GMT",
"version": "v3"
}
] | 2008-11-26 | [
[
"Peng",
"Jun-Jin",
""
],
[
"Wu",
"Shuang-Qing",
""
]
] | Motivated by the success of the recently proposed method of anomaly cancellation to derive Hawking fluxes from black hole horizons of spacetimes in various dimensions, we have further extended the covariant anomaly cancellation method shortly simplified by Banerjee and Kulkarni to explore the Hawking radiation of the (3+1)-dimensional charged rotating black strings and their higher dimensional extensions in anti-de Sitter spacetimes, whose horizons are not spherical but can be toroidal, cylindrical or planar, according to their global identifications. It should be emphasized that our analysis presented here is very general in the sense that the determinant of the reduced (1+1)-dimensional effective metric from these black strings need not be equal to one $(\sqrt{-g} \neq 1)$. Our results indicate that the gauge and energy momentum fluxes needed to cancel the (1+1)-dimensional covariant gauge and gravitational anomalies are compatible with the Hawking fluxes. Besides, thermodynamics of these black strings are studied in the case of a variable cosmological constant. |
2407.16769 | Ronak M Soni | Ronak M Soni and Aron C. Wall | A New Covariant Entropy Bound from Cauchy Slice Holography | 43+14 pages, 16 figures | null | null | null | hep-th gr-qc | http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ | We begin an investigation of a new holographic covariant entropy bound (HCEB)
in gravity. This bound arises from Cauchy slice holography, a recently proposed
duality between the bulk gravity theory and a `boundary' theory that lives on
Cauchy slices. The HCEB is the logarithm of the maximum number of states of
this theory that can pass through a given cut $\sigma$ of a Cauchy slice
$\Sigma$ ($\sigma$ is thus a codimension-2 surface in the bulk). We show that
the bound depends only on the codimension-2 data on $\sigma$, and is thus
independent of the choice of slice $\Sigma$. For classical states, the HCEB
upper bounds the entanglement between two subregions of the boundary of
$\Sigma$.
We calculate the bound explicitly in pure three-dimensional GR with negative
cosmological constant, where the Cauchy slice theory is the $T
\overline{T}$-deformation of the dual CFT. We find that the imaginary energy
eigenstates in the spectrum of the deformed theory play a crucial role for
obtaining a valid bound in Lorentzian signature. Our bound agrees with the area
of a surface at certain marginal and extremal surfaces, but differs elsewhere.
In particular, it exceeds the area by an arbitrarily large amount for
(anti)trapped surfaces, such as those that lie inside a black hole. Finally, we
discuss how these results can be used to write down tensor networks
corresponding to arbitrary Cauchy slices.
| [
{
"created": "Tue, 23 Jul 2024 18:03:35 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] | 2024-07-25 | [
[
"Soni",
"Ronak M",
""
],
[
"Wall",
"Aron C.",
""
]
] | We begin an investigation of a new holographic covariant entropy bound (HCEB) in gravity. This bound arises from Cauchy slice holography, a recently proposed duality between the bulk gravity theory and a `boundary' theory that lives on Cauchy slices. The HCEB is the logarithm of the maximum number of states of this theory that can pass through a given cut $\sigma$ of a Cauchy slice $\Sigma$ ($\sigma$ is thus a codimension-2 surface in the bulk). We show that the bound depends only on the codimension-2 data on $\sigma$, and is thus independent of the choice of slice $\Sigma$. For classical states, the HCEB upper bounds the entanglement between two subregions of the boundary of $\Sigma$. We calculate the bound explicitly in pure three-dimensional GR with negative cosmological constant, where the Cauchy slice theory is the $T \overline{T}$-deformation of the dual CFT. We find that the imaginary energy eigenstates in the spectrum of the deformed theory play a crucial role for obtaining a valid bound in Lorentzian signature. Our bound agrees with the area of a surface at certain marginal and extremal surfaces, but differs elsewhere. In particular, it exceeds the area by an arbitrarily large amount for (anti)trapped surfaces, such as those that lie inside a black hole. Finally, we discuss how these results can be used to write down tensor networks corresponding to arbitrary Cauchy slices. |
2112.10238 | Robert D. Pisarski | Marton Lajer, Robert M. Konik, Robert D. Pisarski, and Alexei M.
Tsvelik | When cold, dense quarks in 1+1 and 3+1 dimensions are not a Fermi liquid | null | null | 10.1103/PhysRevD.105.054035 | null | hep-th cond-mat.str-el hep-ph nucl-th | http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ | We analyze the behavior of quarks coupled to a $SU(N_c)$ gauge theory in 1+1
dimensions. In the limit of strong coupling, the model reduces to a
Wess-Zumino-Novikov-Witten (WZNW) model. At nonzero density, excitations near
the Fermi surface form a non-Fermi liquid. With $N_f$ flavors, the finite
density of quarks reduce to a free $U(1)$ field, which governs fluctuations in
baryon number, together with a WZNW $SU(N_f)$ nonlinear sigma model at level
$N_c$, from the pion/kaon modes. We compute the singularity in the charge
susceptibility at the Fermi surface and the attendant power law correlations.
We suggest that this is relevant to the quarkyonic regime of cold, dense QCD in
3+1 dimensions, in the limit that the Fermi surface is covered by many small
patches, and the theory is effectively one dimensional. In this regime the
dominant excitations near the Fermi surface are not baryons, but gapless
bosonic modes.
| [
{
"created": "Sun, 19 Dec 2021 19:23:26 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] | 2022-04-13 | [
[
"Lajer",
"Marton",
""
],
[
"Konik",
"Robert M.",
""
],
[
"Pisarski",
"Robert D.",
""
],
[
"Tsvelik",
"Alexei M.",
""
]
] | We analyze the behavior of quarks coupled to a $SU(N_c)$ gauge theory in 1+1 dimensions. In the limit of strong coupling, the model reduces to a Wess-Zumino-Novikov-Witten (WZNW) model. At nonzero density, excitations near the Fermi surface form a non-Fermi liquid. With $N_f$ flavors, the finite density of quarks reduce to a free $U(1)$ field, which governs fluctuations in baryon number, together with a WZNW $SU(N_f)$ nonlinear sigma model at level $N_c$, from the pion/kaon modes. We compute the singularity in the charge susceptibility at the Fermi surface and the attendant power law correlations. We suggest that this is relevant to the quarkyonic regime of cold, dense QCD in 3+1 dimensions, in the limit that the Fermi surface is covered by many small patches, and the theory is effectively one dimensional. In this regime the dominant excitations near the Fermi surface are not baryons, but gapless bosonic modes. |
hep-th/9605158 | null | Francois Delduc, Nicola Maggiore, Olivier Piguet and Sylvain Wolf | Note on Constrained Cohomology | appendix and refs added | Phys.Lett.B385:132-138,1996 | 10.1016/0370-2693(96)00879-9 | UGVA-DPT-1996/05-925 | hep-th | null | The cohomology of the BRS operator corresponding to a group of rigid
symmetries is studied in a space of local field functionals subjected to a
condition of gauge invariance. We propose a procedure based on a filtration
operator counting the degree in the infinitesimal parameters of the rigid
symmetry transformations. An application to Witten's topological Yang-Mills
theory is given.
| [
{
"created": "Wed, 22 May 1996 09:34:10 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Fri, 24 May 1996 10:52:51 GMT",
"version": "v2"
},
{
"created": "Fri, 7 Jun 1996 12:04:30 GMT",
"version": "v3"
}
] | 2010-02-05 | [
[
"Delduc",
"Francois",
""
],
[
"Maggiore",
"Nicola",
""
],
[
"Piguet",
"Olivier",
""
],
[
"Wolf",
"Sylvain",
""
]
] | The cohomology of the BRS operator corresponding to a group of rigid symmetries is studied in a space of local field functionals subjected to a condition of gauge invariance. We propose a procedure based on a filtration operator counting the degree in the infinitesimal parameters of the rigid symmetry transformations. An application to Witten's topological Yang-Mills theory is given. |
2207.09191 | Kazumi Okuyama | Kazumi Okuyama | 't Hooft expansion of $SO(N)$ and $Sp(N)$ $\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM revisited | 11 pages. v2: references added | null | 10.1007/JHEP09(2022)064 | null | hep-th | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | We study the 't Hooft expansion of $d=4$ $\mathcal{N}=4$ supersymmetric
Yang-Mills (SYM) theory with the gauge group $SO(N)$ or $Sp(N)$. We consider
the $1/N_5$ expansion with fixed $g_sN_5$, where $g_s$ denotes the string
coupling of bulk type IIB string theory on $AdS_5\times\mathbb{RP}^5$ and $N_5$
refers to the RR 5-form flux through $\mathbb{RP}^5$. $N_5$ differs from $N$
due to a shift coming from the RR charge of O3-plane. As an example, we
consider the $1/N_5$ expansion of the free energy of $\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM on
$S^4$ and the $1/2$ BPS circular Wilson loops in the fundamental representation
of $SO(N)$ or $Sp(N)$. We find that the $1/N_5$ expansion is more "closed
string like" than the ordinary $1/N$ expansion.
| [
{
"created": "Tue, 19 Jul 2022 10:53:48 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Wed, 20 Jul 2022 03:54:00 GMT",
"version": "v2"
},
{
"created": "Mon, 22 Aug 2022 02:01:09 GMT",
"version": "v3"
}
] | 2022-09-28 | [
[
"Okuyama",
"Kazumi",
""
]
] | We study the 't Hooft expansion of $d=4$ $\mathcal{N}=4$ supersymmetric Yang-Mills (SYM) theory with the gauge group $SO(N)$ or $Sp(N)$. We consider the $1/N_5$ expansion with fixed $g_sN_5$, where $g_s$ denotes the string coupling of bulk type IIB string theory on $AdS_5\times\mathbb{RP}^5$ and $N_5$ refers to the RR 5-form flux through $\mathbb{RP}^5$. $N_5$ differs from $N$ due to a shift coming from the RR charge of O3-plane. As an example, we consider the $1/N_5$ expansion of the free energy of $\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM on $S^4$ and the $1/2$ BPS circular Wilson loops in the fundamental representation of $SO(N)$ or $Sp(N)$. We find that the $1/N_5$ expansion is more "closed string like" than the ordinary $1/N$ expansion. |
1204.2153 | Robert de Mello Koch | Robert de Mello Koch and Sanjaye Ramgoolam | A double coset ansatz for integrability in AdS/CFT | 33 pages, 3 figures; v2: references added | null | 10.1007/JHEP06(2012)083 | QMUL-PH-12-08, WITS-CTP-092 | hep-th math.RT | http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ | We give a proof that the expected counting of strings attached to giant
graviton branes in AdS_5 x S^5, as constrained by the Gauss Law, matches the
dimension spanned by the expected dual operators in the gauge theory. The
counting of string-brane configurations is formulated as a graph counting
problem, which can be expressed as the number of points on a double coset
involving permutation groups. Fourier transformation on the double coset
suggests an ansatz for the diagonalization of the one-loop dilatation operator
in this sector of strings attached to giant graviton branes. The ansatz agrees
with and extends recent results which have found the dynamics of open string
excitations of giants to be given by harmonic oscillators. We prove that it
provides the conjectured diagonalization leading to harmonic oscillators.
| [
{
"created": "Tue, 10 Apr 2012 13:56:50 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Fri, 13 Apr 2012 15:17:59 GMT",
"version": "v2"
}
] | 2015-06-04 | [
[
"Koch",
"Robert de Mello",
""
],
[
"Ramgoolam",
"Sanjaye",
""
]
] | We give a proof that the expected counting of strings attached to giant graviton branes in AdS_5 x S^5, as constrained by the Gauss Law, matches the dimension spanned by the expected dual operators in the gauge theory. The counting of string-brane configurations is formulated as a graph counting problem, which can be expressed as the number of points on a double coset involving permutation groups. Fourier transformation on the double coset suggests an ansatz for the diagonalization of the one-loop dilatation operator in this sector of strings attached to giant graviton branes. The ansatz agrees with and extends recent results which have found the dynamics of open string excitations of giants to be given by harmonic oscillators. We prove that it provides the conjectured diagonalization leading to harmonic oscillators. |
1504.05317 | Lee Peng Teo | L. P. Teo | Fermionic Casimir interaction in cylinder-plate and cylinder-cylinder
geometries | 14 pages | null | null | null | hep-th quant-ph | http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ | In this work, we consider the Casimir effect due to massless fermionic fields
in the presence of long cylinders. More precisely, we consider the interaction
between a cylinder parallel to a plate, between two parallel cylinders outside
each other, and between a cylinder lying parallelly inside another cylinder. We
derive the explicit formulas for the Casimir interaction energies and compute
the leading and the next-to-leading order terms of the small separation
asymptotic expansions. As expected, the leading order terms coincide with the
proximity force approximations. We compare the results of the next-to-leading
order terms of different quantum fields, and show that our results support the
ansatz of derivative expansions.
| [
{
"created": "Tue, 21 Apr 2015 06:38:00 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] | 2015-04-22 | [
[
"Teo",
"L. P.",
""
]
] | In this work, we consider the Casimir effect due to massless fermionic fields in the presence of long cylinders. More precisely, we consider the interaction between a cylinder parallel to a plate, between two parallel cylinders outside each other, and between a cylinder lying parallelly inside another cylinder. We derive the explicit formulas for the Casimir interaction energies and compute the leading and the next-to-leading order terms of the small separation asymptotic expansions. As expected, the leading order terms coincide with the proximity force approximations. We compare the results of the next-to-leading order terms of different quantum fields, and show that our results support the ansatz of derivative expansions. |
hep-th/0309032 | Anthony Zee | A. Zee | Dark Energy and the Nature of the Graviton | 4 pages | Phys.Lett. B594 (2004) 8-12 | 10.1016/j.physletb.2004.04.087 | null | hep-th astro-ph hep-ph | null | Does the existence of dark energy suggest that there is more to the graviton
than we think we know?
| [
{
"created": "Tue, 2 Sep 2003 19:01:22 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] | 2009-11-10 | [
[
"Zee",
"A.",
""
]
] | Does the existence of dark energy suggest that there is more to the graviton than we think we know? |
1104.2534 | Felix Berkhahn | Felix Berkhahn, Dennis D. Dietrich, Stefan Hofmann | Consistency of Relevant Cosmological Deformations on all Scales | 22 pages, 4 figures | JCAP 1109:024,2011 | 10.1088/1475-7516/2011/09/024 | null | hep-th astro-ph.CO gr-qc | http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ | Using cosmological perturbation theory we show that the most relevant defor-
mation of gravity is consistent at the linear level. In particular, we prove
the absence of uni- tarity violating negative norm states in the weak coupling
regime from sub- to super-Hubble scales. This demonstrates that the recently
proposed classical self-protection mechanism of deformed gravity extends to the
entire kinematical domain.
| [
{
"created": "Wed, 13 Apr 2011 15:58:20 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] | 2015-03-19 | [
[
"Berkhahn",
"Felix",
""
],
[
"Dietrich",
"Dennis D.",
""
],
[
"Hofmann",
"Stefan",
""
]
] | Using cosmological perturbation theory we show that the most relevant defor- mation of gravity is consistent at the linear level. In particular, we prove the absence of uni- tarity violating negative norm states in the weak coupling regime from sub- to super-Hubble scales. This demonstrates that the recently proposed classical self-protection mechanism of deformed gravity extends to the entire kinematical domain. |
hep-th/0511260 | Oliver Lauscher | O. Lauscher, M. Reuter | Asymptotic Safety in Quantum Einstein Gravity: nonperturbative
renormalizability and fractal spacetime structure | 29 pages, latex, 1 figure, invited paper at the Blaubeuren Workshop
2005 on Mathematical and Physical Aspects of Quantum Gravity | null | null | MZ-TH/05-26 | hep-th gr-qc | null | The asymptotic safety scenario of Quantum Einstein Gravity, the quantum field
theory of the spacetime metric, is reviewed and it is argued that the theory is
likely to be nonperturbatively renormalizable. It is also shown that asymptotic
safety implies that spacetime is a fractal in general, with a fractal dimension
of 2 on sub-Planckian length scales.
| [
{
"created": "Fri, 25 Nov 2005 15:02:54 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] | 2007-05-23 | [
[
"Lauscher",
"O.",
""
],
[
"Reuter",
"M.",
""
]
] | The asymptotic safety scenario of Quantum Einstein Gravity, the quantum field theory of the spacetime metric, is reviewed and it is argued that the theory is likely to be nonperturbatively renormalizable. It is also shown that asymptotic safety implies that spacetime is a fractal in general, with a fractal dimension of 2 on sub-Planckian length scales. |
2112.13397 | Andrei Smilga | Andrei Smilga | Witten index for weak supersymmetric systems: invariance under
deformations | A bug in Eq. (3.9) fixed. 11 pages, 1 figure | null | 10.1142/S0217751X22501184 | null | hep-th | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | When a $4D$ supersymmetric theory is placed on $S^3 \times \mathbb{R}$, the
supersymmetric algebra is necessarily modified to $su(2|1)$ and we are dealing
with a weak supersymmetric system. For such systems, the excited states of the
Hamiltonian are not all paired. As a result, the Witten index Tr$\{(-1)^F
e^{-\beta H}\}$ is no longer an integer number, but a $\beta$-dependent
function.
However, this function stays invariant under deformations of the theory that
keep the supersymmetry algebra intact. Based on the Hilbert space analysis, we
give a simple general proof of this fact. We then show how this invariance
works for two simplest weak supersymmetric quantum mechanical systems involving
a real or a complex bosonic degree of freedom.
| [
{
"created": "Sun, 26 Dec 2021 15:30:20 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Thu, 13 Jun 2024 11:16:18 GMT",
"version": "v2"
}
] | 2024-06-14 | [
[
"Smilga",
"Andrei",
""
]
] | When a $4D$ supersymmetric theory is placed on $S^3 \times \mathbb{R}$, the supersymmetric algebra is necessarily modified to $su(2|1)$ and we are dealing with a weak supersymmetric system. For such systems, the excited states of the Hamiltonian are not all paired. As a result, the Witten index Tr$\{(-1)^F e^{-\beta H}\}$ is no longer an integer number, but a $\beta$-dependent function. However, this function stays invariant under deformations of the theory that keep the supersymmetry algebra intact. Based on the Hilbert space analysis, we give a simple general proof of this fact. We then show how this invariance works for two simplest weak supersymmetric quantum mechanical systems involving a real or a complex bosonic degree of freedom. |
hep-th/9702070 | Simon Davis | Simon Davis | Scalar Field Theory in Curved Space and the Definition of Momentum | 44 pages, TeX, 3 figures. Minor alterations have been made to several
equations in the text | null | null | Univ. Cambridge DAMTP-R/96/8, Univ. Sydney Report 97-5 | hep-th | null | Some general remarks are made about the quantum theory of scalar fields and
the definition of momentum in curved space. Special emphasis is given to field
theory in anti-de Sitter space, as it represents a maximally symmetric
space-time of constant curvature which could arise in the local description of
matter interactions in small regions of space-time. Transform space rules for
evaluating Feynman diagrams in Euclidean anti-de Sitter space are initially
defined using eigenfunctions based on generalized plane waves. It is shown
that, for a general curved space, the rules associated with the vertex are
dependent on the type of interaction being considered. A condition for
eliminating this dependence is given. It is demonstrated that the vacuum and
propagator in conformally flat coordinates in anti-de Sitter space are
equivalent to those analytically continued from $H^4$ and that transform space
rules based on these coordinates can be used more readily. A proof of the
analogue of Goldstone's theorem in anti-de Sitter space is given, using a
generalized plane wave representation of the commutator of the current and the
scalar field. It is shown that the introduction of curvature in the space-time
shifts the momentum by an amount which is determined by the Riemann tensor to
first order, and it follows that there is a shift in both the momentum and mass
scale in anti-de Sitter space.
| [
{
"created": "Sun, 9 Feb 1997 02:29:22 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Mon, 17 Feb 1997 10:47:00 GMT",
"version": "v2"
},
{
"created": "Mon, 22 Dec 1997 03:02:45 GMT",
"version": "v3"
}
] | 2008-02-03 | [
[
"Davis",
"Simon",
""
]
] | Some general remarks are made about the quantum theory of scalar fields and the definition of momentum in curved space. Special emphasis is given to field theory in anti-de Sitter space, as it represents a maximally symmetric space-time of constant curvature which could arise in the local description of matter interactions in small regions of space-time. Transform space rules for evaluating Feynman diagrams in Euclidean anti-de Sitter space are initially defined using eigenfunctions based on generalized plane waves. It is shown that, for a general curved space, the rules associated with the vertex are dependent on the type of interaction being considered. A condition for eliminating this dependence is given. It is demonstrated that the vacuum and propagator in conformally flat coordinates in anti-de Sitter space are equivalent to those analytically continued from $H^4$ and that transform space rules based on these coordinates can be used more readily. A proof of the analogue of Goldstone's theorem in anti-de Sitter space is given, using a generalized plane wave representation of the commutator of the current and the scalar field. It is shown that the introduction of curvature in the space-time shifts the momentum by an amount which is determined by the Riemann tensor to first order, and it follows that there is a shift in both the momentum and mass scale in anti-de Sitter space. |
2204.01007 | Yun Zhi Du | Yun-Zhi Du, Huai-Fan Li, Fang Liu, Li-Chun Zhang | Photon orbits and phase transition for Non-Linear charged Anti-de Sitter
black holes | null | J. High Energ. Phys. 2023, 137 (2023) | 10.1007/JHEP01(2023)137 | null | hep-th | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | In this work, we investigate the relationship between the photon sphere
radius and the first-order phase transition for the charged EPYM AdS black
hole. Through the analysis, we find with a certain condition there exist the
non-monotonic behaviors between the photon sphere radius, the impact parameter,
the non-linear YM charge parameter, temperature, and pressure. And both the
changes of photon sphere radius and impact parameter before and after phase
transition can be regarded as the order parameter, their critical exponents
near the critical point are equal to the same value $1/2$, just like the
ordinary thermal systems. These indicate that there maybe exists a universal
relationship of gravity nearby the critical point for a black hole
thermodynamical system. Furthermore, the effect of impact parameter on the
deflect angle is also investigated.
| [
{
"created": "Sun, 3 Apr 2022 06:44:10 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Tue, 7 Jun 2022 06:12:49 GMT",
"version": "v2"
}
] | 2023-02-01 | [
[
"Du",
"Yun-Zhi",
""
],
[
"Li",
"Huai-Fan",
""
],
[
"Liu",
"Fang",
""
],
[
"Zhang",
"Li-Chun",
""
]
] | In this work, we investigate the relationship between the photon sphere radius and the first-order phase transition for the charged EPYM AdS black hole. Through the analysis, we find with a certain condition there exist the non-monotonic behaviors between the photon sphere radius, the impact parameter, the non-linear YM charge parameter, temperature, and pressure. And both the changes of photon sphere radius and impact parameter before and after phase transition can be regarded as the order parameter, their critical exponents near the critical point are equal to the same value $1/2$, just like the ordinary thermal systems. These indicate that there maybe exists a universal relationship of gravity nearby the critical point for a black hole thermodynamical system. Furthermore, the effect of impact parameter on the deflect angle is also investigated. |
1504.06497 | Horatiu Stefan Nastase | Horatiu Nastase | General $f(R)$ and conformal inflation from minimal supergravity plus
matter | 16 pages, no figures; typos corrected, references added | null | 10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2015.12.007 | null | hep-th astro-ph.CO | http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ | We embed general $f(R)$ inflationary models in minimal supergravity plus
matter, a single chiral superfield $\Phi$, with or without another superfield
$S$, via a Jordan frame Einstein+scalar description. In particular,
inflationary models like a generalized Starobinsky one are analyzed and
constraints on them are found. We also embed the related models of conformal
inflation, also described as Jordan frame Einstein+scalar models, in particular
the conformal inflation from the Higgs model, and analyze the inflationary
constraints on them.
| [
{
"created": "Fri, 24 Apr 2015 13:30:14 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Thu, 7 May 2015 15:01:32 GMT",
"version": "v2"
}
] | 2016-02-17 | [
[
"Nastase",
"Horatiu",
""
]
] | We embed general $f(R)$ inflationary models in minimal supergravity plus matter, a single chiral superfield $\Phi$, with or without another superfield $S$, via a Jordan frame Einstein+scalar description. In particular, inflationary models like a generalized Starobinsky one are analyzed and constraints on them are found. We also embed the related models of conformal inflation, also described as Jordan frame Einstein+scalar models, in particular the conformal inflation from the Higgs model, and analyze the inflationary constraints on them. |
hep-th/0409140 | Lorenzo Salcedo L. | L.L. Salcedo | Covariant derivative expansion of the heat kernel | 16 pages, REVTEX. To appear in Eur.Phys.J.C. References added | Eur.Phys.J.C37:511-523,2004 | 10.1140/epjc/s2004-02021-2 | UG-DFM-8-2004 | hep-th | null | Using the technique of labeled operators, compact explicit expressions are
given for all traced heat kernel coefficients containing zero, two, four and
six covariant derivatives, and for diagonal coefficients with zero, two and
four derivatives. The results apply to boundaryless flat space-times and
arbitrary non Abelian scalar and gauge background fields.
| [
{
"created": "Tue, 14 Sep 2004 10:14:32 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Tue, 2 Nov 2004 16:57:29 GMT",
"version": "v2"
}
] | 2014-11-18 | [
[
"Salcedo",
"L. L.",
""
]
] | Using the technique of labeled operators, compact explicit expressions are given for all traced heat kernel coefficients containing zero, two, four and six covariant derivatives, and for diagonal coefficients with zero, two and four derivatives. The results apply to boundaryless flat space-times and arbitrary non Abelian scalar and gauge background fields. |
2305.14371 | Kevin Morand | Kevin Morand | Possible ambient kinematics | 48 pages, 14 tables, 1 figure; Matches published version | J. Math. Phys. 64, 112502 (2023) | 10.1063/5.0159556 | null | hep-th gr-qc math-ph math.MP | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | In a seminal paper, Bacry and L\'evy-Leblond classified kinematical algebras,
a class of Lie algebras encoding the symmetries of spacetime. Homogeneous
spacetimes (infinitesimally, Klein pairs) associated to these possible
kinematics can be partitioned into four families -- riemannian, lorentzian,
galilean and carrollian -- based on the type of invariant metric structure they
admit. In this work, we classify possible ambient kinematics -- defined as
extensions of kinematical algebras by a scalar ideal -- as well as their
associated Klein pairs. Kinematical Klein pairs arising as quotient space along
the extra scalar ideal are said to admit a lift into the corresponding ambient
Klein pair. While all non-galilean Klein pairs admit a unique -- trivial and
torsion-free -- higher-dimensional lift, galilean Klein pairs are
constructively shown to admit lifts into two distinct families of ambient Klein
pairs. The first family includes the bargmann algebra as well as its
curved/torsional avatars while the second family is novel and generically
allows lifts into torsional ambient spaces. We further comment on the relation
between these two families and the maximally symmetric family of leibnizian
Klein pairs.
| [
{
"created": "Fri, 19 May 2023 10:06:42 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Mon, 25 Mar 2024 02:27:57 GMT",
"version": "v2"
}
] | 2024-03-26 | [
[
"Morand",
"Kevin",
""
]
] | In a seminal paper, Bacry and L\'evy-Leblond classified kinematical algebras, a class of Lie algebras encoding the symmetries of spacetime. Homogeneous spacetimes (infinitesimally, Klein pairs) associated to these possible kinematics can be partitioned into four families -- riemannian, lorentzian, galilean and carrollian -- based on the type of invariant metric structure they admit. In this work, we classify possible ambient kinematics -- defined as extensions of kinematical algebras by a scalar ideal -- as well as their associated Klein pairs. Kinematical Klein pairs arising as quotient space along the extra scalar ideal are said to admit a lift into the corresponding ambient Klein pair. While all non-galilean Klein pairs admit a unique -- trivial and torsion-free -- higher-dimensional lift, galilean Klein pairs are constructively shown to admit lifts into two distinct families of ambient Klein pairs. The first family includes the bargmann algebra as well as its curved/torsional avatars while the second family is novel and generically allows lifts into torsional ambient spaces. We further comment on the relation between these two families and the maximally symmetric family of leibnizian Klein pairs. |
hep-th/9205075 | Warren Siegel | W. Siegel | The N=2(4) string is self-dual N=4 Yang-Mills | 7 pg., ITP-SB-92-24 (uuencoded dvi file; otherwise same as original) | null | 10.1103/PhysRevD.46.R3235 | null | hep-th | null | N=2 string amplitudes, when required to have the Lorentz covariance of the
equivalent N=4 string, describe a self-dual form of N=4 super Yang-Mills in 2+2
dimensions. Spin-independent couplings and the ghost nature of SO(2,2)
spacetime make it a topological-like theory with vanishing loop corrections.
| [
{
"created": "Wed, 20 May 1992 16:52:58 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Thu, 28 May 1992 17:01:10 GMT",
"version": "v2"
}
] | 2015-06-26 | [
[
"Siegel",
"W.",
""
]
] | N=2 string amplitudes, when required to have the Lorentz covariance of the equivalent N=4 string, describe a self-dual form of N=4 super Yang-Mills in 2+2 dimensions. Spin-independent couplings and the ghost nature of SO(2,2) spacetime make it a topological-like theory with vanishing loop corrections. |
2212.09770 | Anna Tokareva | Mikail Shaposhnikov, Anna Tokareva | Exact quantum conformal symmetry, its spontaneous breakdown, and
gravitational Weyl anomaly | null | null | 10.1103/PhysRevD.107.065015 | Imperial/TP/2022/AAT/4 | hep-th hep-ph | http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ | The classical Lagrangian of the Standard Model enjoys the symmetry of the
full conformal group if the mass of the Higgs boson is put to zero. This is a
hint that conformal symmetry may play a fundamental role in the ultimate theory
describing Nature. The origin of scales, such as the Higgs vacuum expectation
value (vev), may result from the spontaneous breakdown of the conformal
symmetry by the dilaton field. In this work, we study whether this classical
setup can be implemented in quantum theory and be phenomenologically viable by
presenting an explicit construction where the exact conformal symmetry can be
preserved and is anomaly free while being spontaneously broken. Not only the
Higgs mass but also the genuine quantum scales like the QCD confinement radius
are generated by the dilaton vev. We also discuss the extension of these ideas
to the theories with dynamical gravity and show that the only finite subgroup
of the local Weyl transformations which is anomaly free corresponds to the
global scale symmetry. This means that the conformal invariance of the flat
space theory is explicitly broken down to the scale symmetry by gravitational
effects related to the Weyl anomaly.
| [
{
"created": "Mon, 19 Dec 2022 19:00:02 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Tue, 2 May 2023 13:15:47 GMT",
"version": "v2"
},
{
"created": "Wed, 3 May 2023 13:23:01 GMT",
"version": "v3"
}
] | 2023-05-04 | [
[
"Shaposhnikov",
"Mikail",
""
],
[
"Tokareva",
"Anna",
""
]
] | The classical Lagrangian of the Standard Model enjoys the symmetry of the full conformal group if the mass of the Higgs boson is put to zero. This is a hint that conformal symmetry may play a fundamental role in the ultimate theory describing Nature. The origin of scales, such as the Higgs vacuum expectation value (vev), may result from the spontaneous breakdown of the conformal symmetry by the dilaton field. In this work, we study whether this classical setup can be implemented in quantum theory and be phenomenologically viable by presenting an explicit construction where the exact conformal symmetry can be preserved and is anomaly free while being spontaneously broken. Not only the Higgs mass but also the genuine quantum scales like the QCD confinement radius are generated by the dilaton vev. We also discuss the extension of these ideas to the theories with dynamical gravity and show that the only finite subgroup of the local Weyl transformations which is anomaly free corresponds to the global scale symmetry. This means that the conformal invariance of the flat space theory is explicitly broken down to the scale symmetry by gravitational effects related to the Weyl anomaly. |
1711.01617 | Samir Mathur | Bin Guo, Shaun Hampton and Samir D. Mathur | Can we observe fuzzballs or firewalls? | 52 pages, 4 figures | null | 10.1007/JHEP07(2018)162 | null | hep-th gr-qc | http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ | In the fuzzball paradigm the information paradox is resolved because the
black hole is replaced by an object with no horizon. One may therefore ask if
observations can distinguish a traditional hole from a fuzzball. We find: (a)
It is very difficult to reflect quanta off the surface of a fuzzball, mainly
because geodesics starting near the horizon radius cannot escape to infinity
unless their starting direction is very close to radial. (b) If infalling
particles interact with the emerging radiation before they are engulfed by the
horizon, then we say that we have a `firewall behavior'. We consider several
types of interactions, but find no evidence for firewall behavior in any theory
that obeys causality. (c) Photons with wavelengths {\it larger} than the black
hole radius can be scattered off the emerging radiation, but a very small
fraction of the backscattered photons will be able to escape back to infinity.
| [
{
"created": "Sun, 5 Nov 2017 17:14:38 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] | 2018-08-15 | [
[
"Guo",
"Bin",
""
],
[
"Hampton",
"Shaun",
""
],
[
"Mathur",
"Samir D.",
""
]
] | In the fuzzball paradigm the information paradox is resolved because the black hole is replaced by an object with no horizon. One may therefore ask if observations can distinguish a traditional hole from a fuzzball. We find: (a) It is very difficult to reflect quanta off the surface of a fuzzball, mainly because geodesics starting near the horizon radius cannot escape to infinity unless their starting direction is very close to radial. (b) If infalling particles interact with the emerging radiation before they are engulfed by the horizon, then we say that we have a `firewall behavior'. We consider several types of interactions, but find no evidence for firewall behavior in any theory that obeys causality. (c) Photons with wavelengths {\it larger} than the black hole radius can be scattered off the emerging radiation, but a very small fraction of the backscattered photons will be able to escape back to infinity. |
1503.04726 | Bayram Tekin | Emel Altas, Bayram Tekin | On Exact Solutions and the Consistency of 3D Minimal Massive Gravity | 8 pages | Phys. Rev. D 92, 025033 (2015) | 10.1103/PhysRevD.92.025033 | null | hep-th gr-qc | http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ | We show that all algebraic Type-O, Type-N and Type-D and some Kundt-Type
solutions of Topologically Massive Gravity are inherited by its holographically
well-defined deformation, that is the recently found Minimal Massive Gravity.
This construction provides a large class of constant scalar curvature solutions
to the theory. We also study the consistency of the field equations both in the
source-free and matter-coupled cases. Since the field equations of MMG do not
come from a Lagrangian that depends on the metric and its derivatives only, it
lacks the Bianchi identity valid for all non-singular metrics. But it turns out
that for the solutions of the equations, Bianchi identity is satisfied. This is
a necessary condition for the consistency of the classical field equations but
not a sufficient one, since the the rank-two tensor equations are susceptible
to double-divergence. We show that for the source-free case the
double-divergence of the field equations vanish for the solutions. In the
matter-coupled case, we show that the double-divergence of the left-hand side
and the right-hand side are equal to each other for the solutions of the
theory. This construction completes the proof of the the consistency of the
field equations.
| [
{
"created": "Mon, 16 Mar 2015 16:55:55 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] | 2015-07-29 | [
[
"Altas",
"Emel",
""
],
[
"Tekin",
"Bayram",
""
]
] | We show that all algebraic Type-O, Type-N and Type-D and some Kundt-Type solutions of Topologically Massive Gravity are inherited by its holographically well-defined deformation, that is the recently found Minimal Massive Gravity. This construction provides a large class of constant scalar curvature solutions to the theory. We also study the consistency of the field equations both in the source-free and matter-coupled cases. Since the field equations of MMG do not come from a Lagrangian that depends on the metric and its derivatives only, it lacks the Bianchi identity valid for all non-singular metrics. But it turns out that for the solutions of the equations, Bianchi identity is satisfied. This is a necessary condition for the consistency of the classical field equations but not a sufficient one, since the the rank-two tensor equations are susceptible to double-divergence. We show that for the source-free case the double-divergence of the field equations vanish for the solutions. In the matter-coupled case, we show that the double-divergence of the left-hand side and the right-hand side are equal to each other for the solutions of the theory. This construction completes the proof of the the consistency of the field equations. |
2206.05308 | Silviu Pufu | Ross Dempsey, Igor R. Klebanov, Silviu S. Pufu, and Bernardo Zan | Discrete Chiral Symmetry and Mass Shift in Lattice Hamiltonian Approach
to Schwinger Model | 14 pages, 7 figures; v2 refs added, minor improvements; v3 minor
improvements, journal version | null | null | PUPT-2634 | hep-th cond-mat.str-el hep-lat quant-ph | http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ | We revisit the lattice formulation of the Schwinger model using the
Kogut-Susskind Hamiltonian approach with staggered fermions. This model,
introduced by Banks et al., contains the mass term $m_{\rm lat} \sum_{n}
(-1)^{n} \chi^\dagger_n \chi_n$, and setting it to zero is often assumed to
provide the lattice regularization of the massless Schwinger model. We instead
argue that the relation between the lattice and continuum mass parameters
should be taken as $m_{\rm lat}=m- \frac 18 e^2 a$. The model with $m=0$ is
shown to possess a discrete chiral symmetry that is generated by the unit
lattice translation accompanied by the shift of the $\theta$-angle by $\pi$.
While the mass shift vanishes as the lattice spacing $a$ approaches zero, we
find that including this shift greatly improves the rate of convergence to the
continuum limit. We demonstrate the faster convergence using both numerical
diagonalizations of finite lattice systems, as well as extrapolations of the
lattice strong coupling expansions.
| [
{
"created": "Fri, 10 Jun 2022 18:09:27 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Wed, 3 Aug 2022 04:07:04 GMT",
"version": "v2"
},
{
"created": "Tue, 7 Feb 2023 23:02:25 GMT",
"version": "v3"
}
] | 2023-02-09 | [
[
"Dempsey",
"Ross",
""
],
[
"Klebanov",
"Igor R.",
""
],
[
"Pufu",
"Silviu S.",
""
],
[
"Zan",
"Bernardo",
""
]
] | We revisit the lattice formulation of the Schwinger model using the Kogut-Susskind Hamiltonian approach with staggered fermions. This model, introduced by Banks et al., contains the mass term $m_{\rm lat} \sum_{n} (-1)^{n} \chi^\dagger_n \chi_n$, and setting it to zero is often assumed to provide the lattice regularization of the massless Schwinger model. We instead argue that the relation between the lattice and continuum mass parameters should be taken as $m_{\rm lat}=m- \frac 18 e^2 a$. The model with $m=0$ is shown to possess a discrete chiral symmetry that is generated by the unit lattice translation accompanied by the shift of the $\theta$-angle by $\pi$. While the mass shift vanishes as the lattice spacing $a$ approaches zero, we find that including this shift greatly improves the rate of convergence to the continuum limit. We demonstrate the faster convergence using both numerical diagonalizations of finite lattice systems, as well as extrapolations of the lattice strong coupling expansions. |
0801.0291 | Michael Ivanov A | Michael A. Ivanov | Asymptotic freedom in low-energy quantum gravity | 3 pages, no figure, Latex; v2, v3 - correction of numerical errors | null | null | null | hep-th gr-qc quant-ph | null | It is suggested in the model of low-energy quantum gravity by the author,
that the background of super-strong interacting gravitons exists. It is shown
here that micro-particles at very small distances should be almost free if the
gravitational attraction is caused by a pressure of these gravitons.
| [
{
"created": "Tue, 1 Jan 2008 10:58:45 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Sun, 6 Jan 2008 16:49:02 GMT",
"version": "v2"
},
{
"created": "Fri, 11 Jan 2008 09:06:20 GMT",
"version": "v3"
}
] | 2011-11-10 | [
[
"Ivanov",
"Michael A.",
""
]
] | It is suggested in the model of low-energy quantum gravity by the author, that the background of super-strong interacting gravitons exists. It is shown here that micro-particles at very small distances should be almost free if the gravitational attraction is caused by a pressure of these gravitons. |
0803.0861 | Giampiero Esposito Dr. | Giampiero Esposito, George M. Napolitano, Luigi Rosa | Energy-momentum tensor of a Casimir apparatus in a weak gravitational
field: scalar case | 14 pages, Revtex4 | Phys.Rev.D77:105011,2008 | 10.1103/PhysRevD.77.105011 | DSF 2008/6 | hep-th | http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ | Recent work in the literature had evaluated the energy-momentum tensor of a
Casimir apparatus in a weak gravitational field, for an electromagnetic field
subject to perfect conductor boundary conditions on parallel plates. The
Casimir apparatus was then predicted to experience a tiny push in the upwards
direction, and the regularized energy-momentum tensor was found to have a trace
anomaly. The latter, unexpected property made it compelling to assess what
happens in a simpler case. For this purpose, the present paper studies a free,
real massless scalar field subject to homogeneous Dirichlet conditions on the
parallel plates. Working to first order in the constant gravity acceleration,
the resulting regularized and renormalized energy-momentum tensor is found to
be covariantly conserved, while the trace anomaly vanishes if the massless
scalar field is conformally coupled to gravity. Conformal coupling also ensures
a finite Casimir energy and finite values of the pressure upon parallel plates.
| [
{
"created": "Thu, 6 Mar 2008 13:21:11 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] | 2008-11-26 | [
[
"Esposito",
"Giampiero",
""
],
[
"Napolitano",
"George M.",
""
],
[
"Rosa",
"Luigi",
""
]
] | Recent work in the literature had evaluated the energy-momentum tensor of a Casimir apparatus in a weak gravitational field, for an electromagnetic field subject to perfect conductor boundary conditions on parallel plates. The Casimir apparatus was then predicted to experience a tiny push in the upwards direction, and the regularized energy-momentum tensor was found to have a trace anomaly. The latter, unexpected property made it compelling to assess what happens in a simpler case. For this purpose, the present paper studies a free, real massless scalar field subject to homogeneous Dirichlet conditions on the parallel plates. Working to first order in the constant gravity acceleration, the resulting regularized and renormalized energy-momentum tensor is found to be covariantly conserved, while the trace anomaly vanishes if the massless scalar field is conformally coupled to gravity. Conformal coupling also ensures a finite Casimir energy and finite values of the pressure upon parallel plates. |
hep-th/9411076 | Kalyan Rama | S. Kalyana Rama | Singularities in Graviton-Dilaton System: Their Implications on the PPN
Parameters and the Cosmological Constant | 23 pages. Latex File, process twice. Revised version: A detailed
discussion on naked singularities is added in section 3; a note and some new
references added | null | null | Mehta Research Institute, Allahabad, Preprint MRI-PHY/15/94,
TCD-9-94; October 1994 | hep-th gr-qc | null | Alternatives to Einstein's theory of general relativity can be distinguished
by measuring the parametrised post Newtonian parameters. Two such parameters
$\beta$ and $\gamma$, equal to one in Einstein theory, can be obtained from
static spherically symmetric solutions. For the graviton-dilaton system, as in
Brans-Dicke or low energy string theory, we find that if $\gamma \ne 1$ for a
charge neutral point star, then there exist naked singularities. Thus, if
$\gamma$ is measured to be different from one, then it cannot be explained by
these theories, without implying naked singularities. We also couple a
cosmological constant $\Lambda$ to the graviton-dilaton system, a la string
theory. We find that static spherically symmetric solutions in low energy
string theory, which describe the gravitational field of a point star in the
real universe atleast upto a distance $r_* \simeq {\cal O} ({\rm pc})$, always
lead to curvature singularities. These singularities are stable and much worse
than the naked ones. Requiring their absence upto a distance $r_*$ implies a
bound $| \Lambda | < 10^{- 102} (\frac{r_*}{{\rm pc}})^{- 2}$ in natural units.
If $r_* \simeq 1 {\rm Mpc}$ then $| \Lambda | < 10^{- 114}$, and if $r_*$
extends all the way upto the edge of the universe ($10^{28} {\rm cm}$) then $|
\Lambda | < 10^{- 122}$ in natural units.
| [
{
"created": "Thu, 10 Nov 1994 15:05:04 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Thu, 25 May 1995 15:18:47 GMT",
"version": "v2"
}
] | 2008-02-03 | [
[
"Rama",
"S. Kalyana",
""
]
] | Alternatives to Einstein's theory of general relativity can be distinguished by measuring the parametrised post Newtonian parameters. Two such parameters $\beta$ and $\gamma$, equal to one in Einstein theory, can be obtained from static spherically symmetric solutions. For the graviton-dilaton system, as in Brans-Dicke or low energy string theory, we find that if $\gamma \ne 1$ for a charge neutral point star, then there exist naked singularities. Thus, if $\gamma$ is measured to be different from one, then it cannot be explained by these theories, without implying naked singularities. We also couple a cosmological constant $\Lambda$ to the graviton-dilaton system, a la string theory. We find that static spherically symmetric solutions in low energy string theory, which describe the gravitational field of a point star in the real universe atleast upto a distance $r_* \simeq {\cal O} ({\rm pc})$, always lead to curvature singularities. These singularities are stable and much worse than the naked ones. Requiring their absence upto a distance $r_*$ implies a bound $| \Lambda | < 10^{- 102} (\frac{r_*}{{\rm pc}})^{- 2}$ in natural units. If $r_* \simeq 1 {\rm Mpc}$ then $| \Lambda | < 10^{- 114}$, and if $r_*$ extends all the way upto the edge of the universe ($10^{28} {\rm cm}$) then $| \Lambda | < 10^{- 122}$ in natural units. |
1807.00904 | Luiz Brito | J. C. C. Felipe, H. G. Fargnoli, A. P. Baeta Scarpelli, L. C. T. Brito | Consistency of an alternative CPT-odd and Lorentz-violating extension of
QED | 16 pages, 4 figures | null | 10.1142/S0217751X19501392 | null | hep-th hep-ex hep-ph | http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ | We investigate an alternative CPT-odd Lorentz-breaking QED which includes the
Carroll-Field-Jackiw (CFJ) term of the Standard Model Extension (SME), writing
the gauge sector in the action in a Palatini-like form, in which the vectorial
field and the field-strength tensor are treated as independent entities.
Interestingly, this naturally induces a Lorentz-violating mass term in the
classical action. We study physical consistency aspects of the model both at
classical and quantum levels.
| [
{
"created": "Mon, 2 Jul 2018 21:43:04 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Thu, 12 Jul 2018 12:15:19 GMT",
"version": "v2"
},
{
"created": "Thu, 29 Aug 2019 18:52:59 GMT",
"version": "v3"
}
] | 2019-09-12 | [
[
"Felipe",
"J. C. C.",
""
],
[
"Fargnoli",
"H. G.",
""
],
[
"Scarpelli",
"A. P. Baeta",
""
],
[
"Brito",
"L. C. T.",
""
]
] | We investigate an alternative CPT-odd Lorentz-breaking QED which includes the Carroll-Field-Jackiw (CFJ) term of the Standard Model Extension (SME), writing the gauge sector in the action in a Palatini-like form, in which the vectorial field and the field-strength tensor are treated as independent entities. Interestingly, this naturally induces a Lorentz-violating mass term in the classical action. We study physical consistency aspects of the model both at classical and quantum levels. |
hep-th/0508064 | Nelia Mann | Theodore G. Erler and Nelia Mann | Integrable Open Spin Chains and the Doubling Trick in N = 2 SYM with
Fundamental Matter | 30 pages, 14 figures | JHEP0601:131,2006 | 10.1088/1126-6708/2006/01/131 | null | hep-th | null | We demonstrate that the one-loop anomalous dimension matrix in N = 2 SYM with
a single chiral hypermultiplet of fundamental matter, which is dual to AdS_5 X
S^5 with a D7-brane filling AdS_5 and wrapped around an $^3 in the S^5, is an
integrable open spin chain Hamiltonian. We also use the doubling trick to
relate these open spin chains to closed spin chains in pure N = 4 SYM. By using
the AdS/CFT correspondence, we find a relation between the corresponding open
and closed strings that differs from a simple doubling trick by terms that
vanish in the semiclassical limit. We also demonstrate that in some cases the
closed string is simpler and easier to study than the corresponding open
string, and we speculate on the nature of corrections due to the presence of
D-branes that this implies.
| [
{
"created": "Tue, 9 Aug 2005 19:15:13 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] | 2009-11-11 | [
[
"Erler",
"Theodore G.",
""
],
[
"Mann",
"Nelia",
""
]
] | We demonstrate that the one-loop anomalous dimension matrix in N = 2 SYM with a single chiral hypermultiplet of fundamental matter, which is dual to AdS_5 X S^5 with a D7-brane filling AdS_5 and wrapped around an $^3 in the S^5, is an integrable open spin chain Hamiltonian. We also use the doubling trick to relate these open spin chains to closed spin chains in pure N = 4 SYM. By using the AdS/CFT correspondence, we find a relation between the corresponding open and closed strings that differs from a simple doubling trick by terms that vanish in the semiclassical limit. We also demonstrate that in some cases the closed string is simpler and easier to study than the corresponding open string, and we speculate on the nature of corrections due to the presence of D-branes that this implies. |
hep-th/9602103 | null | M.Martellini, K. Yoshida and M. Spreafico | The Quantization of Anomalous Gauge Field Theory and BRST-invariant
Models of Two Dimensional Quantum Gravity | phyzzx.tex | Phys.Rev.D54:7664-7676,1996 | 10.1103/PhysRevD.54.7664 | null | hep-th | null | We analyze the problems with the so called gauge invariant quantization of
the anomalous gauge field theories originary due to Faddeev and Shatashvili
(FS). Our analysis bring to a generalization of FS method which allows to
construct a series of classically equivalent theories which are non equivalent
at quantum level. We prove that these classical theories are all consistent
with the BRST invariance of the original gauge symmetry with suitably augmented
field content. As an example of such a scenario, we discuss the class of
physically distinct models of two dimensional induced gravity which are a
generalization of the David-Distler-Kawai model.
| [
{
"created": "Mon, 19 Feb 1996 11:24:12 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] | 2011-09-09 | [
[
"Martellini",
"M.",
""
],
[
"Yoshida",
"K.",
""
],
[
"Spreafico",
"M.",
""
]
] | We analyze the problems with the so called gauge invariant quantization of the anomalous gauge field theories originary due to Faddeev and Shatashvili (FS). Our analysis bring to a generalization of FS method which allows to construct a series of classically equivalent theories which are non equivalent at quantum level. We prove that these classical theories are all consistent with the BRST invariance of the original gauge symmetry with suitably augmented field content. As an example of such a scenario, we discuss the class of physically distinct models of two dimensional induced gravity which are a generalization of the David-Distler-Kawai model. |
1601.00475 | M. B. Paranjape | N. Chandra, M. B. Paranjape and R. Srivastava | Solitons in an effective theory of CP violation | 15 pages, 1 figure | null | null | UdeM-GPP-TH-16-247 | hep-th hep-ph | http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ | We study an effective field theory describing CP-violation in a scalar meson
sector. We write the simplest interaction that we can imagine, $${\cal L}\sim
\epsilon_{i_1\cdots
i_5}\epsilon^{\mu_1\cdots\mu_4}\phi_{i_1}\partial_{\mu_1}\phi_{i_2}\partial_{\mu_2}\phi_{i_3}\partial_{\mu_3}\phi_{i_4}\partial_{\mu_4}\phi_{i_5}$$
which involves 5 scalar fields. The theory describes CP-violation only when it
contains scalar fields representing mesons such as the $K^*_0$, sigma, $f_0$ or
$a_0$. If the fields represent pseudo-scalar mesons, such as B, K and $\pi$
mesons then the Lagrangian describes anomalous processes such as $KK\to
\pi\pi\pi$. We speculate that the field theory contains long lived excitations
corresponding to $Q$-ball type domain walls expanding through space-time. In an
1+1 dimensional, analogous, field theory we find an exact, analytic solution
corresponding to such solitons. The solitons have a U(1) charge $Q$, which can
be arbitrarily high, but oddly, the energy behaves as $Q^{2/3}$ for large
charge, thus the configurations are stable under disintegration into elementary
charged particles of mass $m$ with $Q=1$. We also find analytic complex
instanton solutions which have finite, positive Euclidean action.
| [
{
"created": "Mon, 4 Jan 2016 12:19:19 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Wed, 6 Jan 2016 10:17:44 GMT",
"version": "v2"
}
] | 2016-01-07 | [
[
"Chandra",
"N.",
""
],
[
"Paranjape",
"M. B.",
""
],
[
"Srivastava",
"R.",
""
]
] | We study an effective field theory describing CP-violation in a scalar meson sector. We write the simplest interaction that we can imagine, $${\cal L}\sim \epsilon_{i_1\cdots i_5}\epsilon^{\mu_1\cdots\mu_4}\phi_{i_1}\partial_{\mu_1}\phi_{i_2}\partial_{\mu_2}\phi_{i_3}\partial_{\mu_3}\phi_{i_4}\partial_{\mu_4}\phi_{i_5}$$ which involves 5 scalar fields. The theory describes CP-violation only when it contains scalar fields representing mesons such as the $K^*_0$, sigma, $f_0$ or $a_0$. If the fields represent pseudo-scalar mesons, such as B, K and $\pi$ mesons then the Lagrangian describes anomalous processes such as $KK\to \pi\pi\pi$. We speculate that the field theory contains long lived excitations corresponding to $Q$-ball type domain walls expanding through space-time. In an 1+1 dimensional, analogous, field theory we find an exact, analytic solution corresponding to such solitons. The solitons have a U(1) charge $Q$, which can be arbitrarily high, but oddly, the energy behaves as $Q^{2/3}$ for large charge, thus the configurations are stable under disintegration into elementary charged particles of mass $m$ with $Q=1$. We also find analytic complex instanton solutions which have finite, positive Euclidean action. |
hep-th/0410256 | Diego Hernan Correa | L.G. Aldrovandi, D.H. Correa, F.A. Schaposnik and G.A. Silva | BPS Analysis of Gauge Field-Higgs Models in Non-Anticommutative
Superspace | 11 pages | Phys.Rev. D71 (2005) 025015 | 10.1103/PhysRevD.71.025015 | null | hep-th | null | We extend the study of BPS equations in ${\cal N}=1/2$ super Yang-Mills
theory to the case of models with gauge symmetry breaking. We first consider an
Abelian gauge-Higgs supersymmetric Lagrangian in $d=4$ dimensional Euclidean
space obtained by deforming ${\cal N} = 1$ superspace. The supermultiplets
include chiral and vector superfields and its bosonic content coincides with
that of the Abelian Higgs model where vortex solutions to the BPS equation are
known to exist in the undeformed case. We also consider the $d=3$ dimensional
reduction of a non-Abelian $d=4$ deformed model and study its deformed BPS
equations, showing the existence of new monopole solutions which depend on the
deformation parameter.
| [
{
"created": "Wed, 27 Oct 2004 18:33:23 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] | 2009-11-10 | [
[
"Aldrovandi",
"L. G.",
""
],
[
"Correa",
"D. H.",
""
],
[
"Schaposnik",
"F. A.",
""
],
[
"Silva",
"G. A.",
""
]
] | We extend the study of BPS equations in ${\cal N}=1/2$ super Yang-Mills theory to the case of models with gauge symmetry breaking. We first consider an Abelian gauge-Higgs supersymmetric Lagrangian in $d=4$ dimensional Euclidean space obtained by deforming ${\cal N} = 1$ superspace. The supermultiplets include chiral and vector superfields and its bosonic content coincides with that of the Abelian Higgs model where vortex solutions to the BPS equation are known to exist in the undeformed case. We also consider the $d=3$ dimensional reduction of a non-Abelian $d=4$ deformed model and study its deformed BPS equations, showing the existence of new monopole solutions which depend on the deformation parameter. |
hep-th/9703063 | null | N. Khviengia and Z. Khviengia | D=9 supergravity and p-brane solitons | 18 pages, LaTeX, no figures | null | null | CTP TAMU-15/97 | hep-th | null | We construct the N=2, D=9 supergravity theory up to the quartic fermionic
terms and derive the supersymmetry transformation rules for the fields modulo
cubic fermions. We consider a class of p-brane solutions of this theory, the
stainless p-branes, which cannot be isotropically oxidized into higher
dimensions. The new stainless elementary membrane and elementary particle
solutions are found. It is explicitly verified that these solutions preserve
half of the supersymmetry.
| [
{
"created": "Sat, 8 Mar 1997 05:45:43 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] | 2007-05-23 | [
[
"Khviengia",
"N.",
""
],
[
"Khviengia",
"Z.",
""
]
] | We construct the N=2, D=9 supergravity theory up to the quartic fermionic terms and derive the supersymmetry transformation rules for the fields modulo cubic fermions. We consider a class of p-brane solutions of this theory, the stainless p-branes, which cannot be isotropically oxidized into higher dimensions. The new stainless elementary membrane and elementary particle solutions are found. It is explicitly verified that these solutions preserve half of the supersymmetry. |
hep-th/9502158 | Shinji Hamamoto | Shinji HAMAMOTO (Toyama Univ.) | Gauging Higher Derivatives | 12 pages, LaTex. | Prog.Theor.Phys. 94 (1995) 105-116 | 10.1143/ptp/94.1.105 | null | hep-th | null | The usual prescription for constructing gauge-invariant Lagrangian is
generalized to the case where a Lagrangian contains second derivatives of
fields as well as first derivatives. Symmetric tensor fields in addition to the
usual vector fields are introduced as gauge fields. Covariant derivatives and
gauge-field strengths are determined.
| [
{
"created": "Tue, 28 Feb 1995 13:16:00 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] | 2017-02-01 | [
[
"HAMAMOTO",
"Shinji",
"",
"Toyama Univ."
]
] | The usual prescription for constructing gauge-invariant Lagrangian is generalized to the case where a Lagrangian contains second derivatives of fields as well as first derivatives. Symmetric tensor fields in addition to the usual vector fields are introduced as gauge fields. Covariant derivatives and gauge-field strengths are determined. |
hep-th/0103131 | Victor O. Rivelles | Victor O. Rivelles | Noncommutative Supersymmetric Field Theories | 12 pages, updated version of a talk presented at the XXI Brazilian
National Meeting on Particles and Fields, Sao Lorenco, MG, Oct. 23 - 26, 2000 | Braz.J.Phys. 31 (2001) 255-262 | null | null | hep-th | null | We discuss some properties of noncommutative supersymmetric field theories
which do not involve gauge fields. We concentrate on the renormalizability
issue of these theories.
| [
{
"created": "Fri, 16 Mar 2001 15:34:57 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] | 2007-05-23 | [
[
"Rivelles",
"Victor O.",
""
]
] | We discuss some properties of noncommutative supersymmetric field theories which do not involve gauge fields. We concentrate on the renormalizability issue of these theories. |
1808.00993 | Zachary Polonsky | Zachary Polonsky, Alex Flournoy | Thermodynamic phase transitions from dynamical compact dimensions | 15 pages, 5 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with
arXiv:1808.00867 | null | null | null | hep-th | http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ | We perform a double quotient of global AdS$_4$ and study its thermal
properties. We find that a double quotient yields a spacetime with an expanding
compact dimension. Studying the entanglement of the dual CFT we find that, at
early times, the spacetime has thermal properties which disappear after a
critical time. For slow expansion, this critical time depends on the expansion
rate as expected, but becomes much more sensitive with more rapid expansion
rates.
| [
{
"created": "Thu, 2 Aug 2018 19:11:47 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Sat, 9 Mar 2019 15:26:10 GMT",
"version": "v2"
}
] | 2019-03-13 | [
[
"Polonsky",
"Zachary",
""
],
[
"Flournoy",
"Alex",
""
]
] | We perform a double quotient of global AdS$_4$ and study its thermal properties. We find that a double quotient yields a spacetime with an expanding compact dimension. Studying the entanglement of the dual CFT we find that, at early times, the spacetime has thermal properties which disappear after a critical time. For slow expansion, this critical time depends on the expansion rate as expected, but becomes much more sensitive with more rapid expansion rates. |
1401.7834 | Evgeny Ivanov | E.A. Ivanov, A.J. Nurmagambetov, and B.M. Zupnik | Unifying the PST and the auxiliary tensor field formulations of 4D
self-duality | 0 + 12 pages, typos corrected; published version | null | 10.1016/j.physletb.2014.02.052 | null | hep-th | http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ | We unify the Lorentz- and O(2) duality-covariant approach to 4D self-dual
theories by Pasti, Sorokin and Tonin (PST) with the formulation involving an
auxiliary tensor field. We present the basic features of the new hybrid
approach, including symmetries of the relevant generalized PST action. Its
salient peculiarity is the unique form of the realization of the PST gauge
symmetries. The corresponding transformations do not affect the auxiliary
tensor field, which guarantees the self-duality of the nonlinear actions in
which the O(2) invariant interactions are constructed out of the tensor field.
| [
{
"created": "Thu, 30 Jan 2014 13:17:45 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Fri, 14 Mar 2014 13:39:14 GMT",
"version": "v2"
}
] | 2015-06-18 | [
[
"Ivanov",
"E. A.",
""
],
[
"Nurmagambetov",
"A. J.",
""
],
[
"Zupnik",
"B. M.",
""
]
] | We unify the Lorentz- and O(2) duality-covariant approach to 4D self-dual theories by Pasti, Sorokin and Tonin (PST) with the formulation involving an auxiliary tensor field. We present the basic features of the new hybrid approach, including symmetries of the relevant generalized PST action. Its salient peculiarity is the unique form of the realization of the PST gauge symmetries. The corresponding transformations do not affect the auxiliary tensor field, which guarantees the self-duality of the nonlinear actions in which the O(2) invariant interactions are constructed out of the tensor field. |
hep-th/9409176 | Paul Fendley | P. Fendley, F. Lesage and H. Saleur | Solving 1d plasmas and 2d boundary problems using Jack polynomials and
functional relations | 19 pages | J.Stat.Phys.79:799,1995 | 10.1007/BF02181204 | USC-94-16, SPhT-94/107 | hep-th cond-mat | null | The general one-dimensional ``log-sine'' gas is defined by restricting the
positive and negative charges of a two-dimensional Coulomb gas to live on a
circle. Depending on charge constraints, this problem is equivalent to
different boundary field theories. We study the electrically neutral case,
which is equivalent to a two-dimensional free boson with an impurity cosine
potential. We use two different methods: a perturbative one based on Jack
symmetric functions, and a non-perturbative one based on the thermodynamic
Bethe ansatz and functional relations. The first method allows us to compute
explicitly all coefficients in the virial expansion of the free energy and the
experimentally-measurable conductance. Some results for correlation functions
are also presented. The second method provides in particular a surprising
fluctuation-dissipation relation between the free energy and the conductance.
| [
{
"created": "Wed, 28 Sep 1994 22:57:05 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] | 2008-11-26 | [
[
"Fendley",
"P.",
""
],
[
"Lesage",
"F.",
""
],
[
"Saleur",
"H.",
""
]
] | The general one-dimensional ``log-sine'' gas is defined by restricting the positive and negative charges of a two-dimensional Coulomb gas to live on a circle. Depending on charge constraints, this problem is equivalent to different boundary field theories. We study the electrically neutral case, which is equivalent to a two-dimensional free boson with an impurity cosine potential. We use two different methods: a perturbative one based on Jack symmetric functions, and a non-perturbative one based on the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz and functional relations. The first method allows us to compute explicitly all coefficients in the virial expansion of the free energy and the experimentally-measurable conductance. Some results for correlation functions are also presented. The second method provides in particular a surprising fluctuation-dissipation relation between the free energy and the conductance. |
2208.06606 | Buddhadeb Ghosh | Abhijit Let, Arunoday Sarkar, Chitrak Sarkar and Buddhadeb Ghosh | Single field slow-roll effective potential from K\"ahler moduli
stabilizations in type IIB/F-theory | 7 pages, 3 figures, to appear in Europhysics Letters | 2022 EPL 139 59002 | 10.1209/0295-5075/ac8952 | null | hep-th gr-qc | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | We derive a single field slow-roll inflaton potential in three intersecting
$D7$ branes configuration under type IIB/F-theory compactification. Among three
resulting K\"{a}hler moduli corresponding to three orthogonal directions, two
are stabilized via perturbative corrections in K\"{a}hler potential arising
from large volume scenario ($\alpha'^3$) and four graviton scattering amplitude
upto one loop level and the remaining K\"{a}hler modulus is stabilized by
KKLT-type non-perturbative correction in superpotential. The symmetric
combination of two canonically normalized and perturbatively stabilized
K\"{a}hler moduli gives the inflaton field and the anti-symmetric combination
manifests as an auxiliary field.
| [
{
"created": "Sat, 13 Aug 2022 09:13:57 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] | 2023-05-08 | [
[
"Let",
"Abhijit",
""
],
[
"Sarkar",
"Arunoday",
""
],
[
"Sarkar",
"Chitrak",
""
],
[
"Ghosh",
"Buddhadeb",
""
]
] | We derive a single field slow-roll inflaton potential in three intersecting $D7$ branes configuration under type IIB/F-theory compactification. Among three resulting K\"{a}hler moduli corresponding to three orthogonal directions, two are stabilized via perturbative corrections in K\"{a}hler potential arising from large volume scenario ($\alpha'^3$) and four graviton scattering amplitude upto one loop level and the remaining K\"{a}hler modulus is stabilized by KKLT-type non-perturbative correction in superpotential. The symmetric combination of two canonically normalized and perturbatively stabilized K\"{a}hler moduli gives the inflaton field and the anti-symmetric combination manifests as an auxiliary field. |
hep-th/0407148 | Ruben Mkrtchyan | H. Mkrtchyan, R. Mkrtchyan | $E_{11},K_{11}$ and $EE_{11}$ | LaTex 17 pages | null | null | null | hep-th | null | In the study of conjecture on M-theory as a non-linear realization
$E_{11}/K_{11}$ we present arguments for the following: 1)roots of $K_{11}$
coincide with the roots of Kac-Moody algebra $EE_{11}$ with Dynkin diagram
given in the paper, 2)one of the fundamental weights of $EE_{11}$ coincides
with $l_1$ weight of $E_{11}$, known to contain 11d supergravity brane charges.
The statement 1) is extended on $E_{10}$ and $E_9$ algebras.
| [
{
"created": "Sun, 18 Jul 2004 15:36:41 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] | 2007-05-23 | [
[
"Mkrtchyan",
"H.",
""
],
[
"Mkrtchyan",
"R.",
""
]
] | In the study of conjecture on M-theory as a non-linear realization $E_{11}/K_{11}$ we present arguments for the following: 1)roots of $K_{11}$ coincide with the roots of Kac-Moody algebra $EE_{11}$ with Dynkin diagram given in the paper, 2)one of the fundamental weights of $EE_{11}$ coincides with $l_1$ weight of $E_{11}$, known to contain 11d supergravity brane charges. The statement 1) is extended on $E_{10}$ and $E_9$ algebras. |
1407.5909 | Stuart Dowker | J.S.Dowker | The boundary F-theorem for free fields | 8 pages. Boundary spin-half equivalence proved a different way in
Appendix | null | null | null | hep-th | http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ | The boundary free energy, as defined by Gaiotto, is further analysed for free
scalars on a hemisphere and shown to be the same as the N-D determinant that
earlier occurred in a treatment of GJMS operators. It is also shown to be
identical, up to spin degeneracy, to the free energy for a spin-half field on
the hemisphere boundary. This is also true if the hemisphere is replaced by a
lune. The calculations are carried out in arbitrary dimensions.
| [
{
"created": "Tue, 22 Jul 2014 15:42:16 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Wed, 23 Jul 2014 18:02:50 GMT",
"version": "v2"
}
] | 2014-07-24 | [
[
"Dowker",
"J. S.",
""
]
] | The boundary free energy, as defined by Gaiotto, is further analysed for free scalars on a hemisphere and shown to be the same as the N-D determinant that earlier occurred in a treatment of GJMS operators. It is also shown to be identical, up to spin degeneracy, to the free energy for a spin-half field on the hemisphere boundary. This is also true if the hemisphere is replaced by a lune. The calculations are carried out in arbitrary dimensions. |
1402.1751 | Marco Bertolini | Marco Bertolini, Ilarion V. Melnikov and M. Ronen Plesser | Massless spectrum for hybrids CFTs | 10 pages, contribution to the Proceedings of String-Math 2013 | null | null | null | hep-th | http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ | We describe a class of theories obtained by fibering a Landau-Ginburg
orbifold over a compact Kaehler base. While such theories are often described
as phases of some GLSM, our description is independent of such an embedding. We
provide a method for computing the massless spectrum. This note is based on the
longer paper arXiv:1307.7063.
| [
{
"created": "Fri, 7 Feb 2014 20:24:38 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] | 2014-02-10 | [
[
"Bertolini",
"Marco",
""
],
[
"Melnikov",
"Ilarion V.",
""
],
[
"Plesser",
"M. Ronen",
""
]
] | We describe a class of theories obtained by fibering a Landau-Ginburg orbifold over a compact Kaehler base. While such theories are often described as phases of some GLSM, our description is independent of such an embedding. We provide a method for computing the massless spectrum. This note is based on the longer paper arXiv:1307.7063. |
1707.08371 | Marc Magro | Francois Delduc, Ben Hoare, Takashi Kameyama, Marc Magro | Combining the bi-Yang-Baxter deformation, the Wess-Zumino term and TsT
transformations in one integrable sigma-model | 20 pages, published version | J. High Energ. Phys. (2017) 2017: 212 | 10.1007/JHEP10(2017)212 | null | hep-th | http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ | A multi-parameter integrable deformation of the principal chiral model is
presented. The Yang-Baxter and bi-Yang-Baxter sigma-models, the principal
chiral model plus a Wess-Zumino term and the TsT transformation of the
principal chiral model are all recovered when the appropriate deformation
parameters vanish. When the Lie group is SU(2), we show that this
four-parameter integrable deformation of the SU(2) principal chiral model
corresponds to the Lukyanov model.
| [
{
"created": "Wed, 26 Jul 2017 10:53:16 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Wed, 15 Nov 2017 13:22:49 GMT",
"version": "v2"
}
] | 2017-12-05 | [
[
"Delduc",
"Francois",
""
],
[
"Hoare",
"Ben",
""
],
[
"Kameyama",
"Takashi",
""
],
[
"Magro",
"Marc",
""
]
] | A multi-parameter integrable deformation of the principal chiral model is presented. The Yang-Baxter and bi-Yang-Baxter sigma-models, the principal chiral model plus a Wess-Zumino term and the TsT transformation of the principal chiral model are all recovered when the appropriate deformation parameters vanish. When the Lie group is SU(2), we show that this four-parameter integrable deformation of the SU(2) principal chiral model corresponds to the Lukyanov model. |
2009.03241 | Yeinzon Rodriguez Garcia | Alexander Gallego Cadavid (1), Yeinzon Rodriguez (2,3,4), L. Gabriel
Gomez (3) ((1) Universidad de Valparaiso, (2) Universidad Antonio Narino, (3)
Universidad Industrial de Santander, (4) The Abdus Salam International Centre
for Theoretical Physics) | Generalized SU(2) Proca theory reconstructed and beyond | LaTeX file in RevTeX 4.1 style, 22 pages, no figures. v2: minor
changes, including the small change in the title, in order to make the
discussion clearer and more accurate. The appendix, having become
inconclusive after we recognized that Eq. A19 is not as general as was
originally thought, has been removed. Version to be published in Physical
Review D | Phys. Rev. D 102, 104066 (2020) | 10.1103/PhysRevD.102.104066 | PI/UAN-2020-678FT | hep-th gr-qc | http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ | As a modified gravity theory that introduces new gravitational degrees of
freedom, the generalized SU(2) Proca theory (GSU2P for short) is the
non-Abelian version of the well-known generalized Proca theory where the action
is invariant under global transformations of the SU(2) group. This theory was
formulated for the first time in Phys. Rev. D 94 (2016) 084041, having
implemented the required primary constraint-enforcing relation to make the
Lagrangian degenerate and remove one degree of freedom from the vector field in
accordance with the irreducible representations of the Poincar\'e group. It was
later shown in Phys. Rev. D 101 (2020) 045008, ibid 045009, that a secondary
constraint-enforcing relation, which trivializes for the generalized Proca
theory but not for the SU(2) version, was needed to close the constraint
algebra. It is the purpose of this paper to implement this secondary
constraint-enforcing relation in GSU2P and to make the construction of the
theory more transparent. Since several terms in the Lagrangian were dismissed
in Phys. Rev. D 94 (2016) 084041 via their equivalence to other terms through
total derivatives, not all of the latter satisfying the secondary
constraint-enforcing relation, the work was not so simple as directly applying
this relation to the resultant Lagrangian pieces of the old theory. Thus, we
were motivated to reconstruct the theory from scratch. In the process, we found
the beyond GSU2P.
| [
{
"created": "Mon, 7 Sep 2020 17:09:10 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Wed, 25 Nov 2020 13:10:32 GMT",
"version": "v2"
}
] | 2023-08-23 | [
[
"Cadavid",
"Alexander Gallego",
""
],
[
"Rodriguez",
"Yeinzon",
""
],
[
"Gomez",
"L. Gabriel",
""
]
] | As a modified gravity theory that introduces new gravitational degrees of freedom, the generalized SU(2) Proca theory (GSU2P for short) is the non-Abelian version of the well-known generalized Proca theory where the action is invariant under global transformations of the SU(2) group. This theory was formulated for the first time in Phys. Rev. D 94 (2016) 084041, having implemented the required primary constraint-enforcing relation to make the Lagrangian degenerate and remove one degree of freedom from the vector field in accordance with the irreducible representations of the Poincar\'e group. It was later shown in Phys. Rev. D 101 (2020) 045008, ibid 045009, that a secondary constraint-enforcing relation, which trivializes for the generalized Proca theory but not for the SU(2) version, was needed to close the constraint algebra. It is the purpose of this paper to implement this secondary constraint-enforcing relation in GSU2P and to make the construction of the theory more transparent. Since several terms in the Lagrangian were dismissed in Phys. Rev. D 94 (2016) 084041 via their equivalence to other terms through total derivatives, not all of the latter satisfying the secondary constraint-enforcing relation, the work was not so simple as directly applying this relation to the resultant Lagrangian pieces of the old theory. Thus, we were motivated to reconstruct the theory from scratch. In the process, we found the beyond GSU2P. |
1309.6458 | Dr. Sudhaker Upadhyay | Sudhaker Upadhyay | BRST symmetry and Darboux transformations in Abelian 2-form gauge theory | 9 pages, No figures, Published version | EPL 103 (2013) 61002 | 10.1209/0295-5075/103/61002 | null | hep-th math-ph math.MP | http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ | We analyse the constraints of an Abelian 2-form gauge theory using
Faddeev-Jackiw symplectic formalism. Further, this theory is treated as a
constrained system in the context of Batalin-Fradkin-Vilkovisky formalism to
retrieve the BRST symmetry. Using the fields decompositions the effective
action for Abelian 2-form gauge theory is written in terms of diagonalized
uncanonical part and BRST exact one. The nilpotent BRST and contracting
homotopy $\sigma $ closed transformations with field redefinitions are shown as
the Darboux transformations used in the Faddeev-Jackiw formalism.
| [
{
"created": "Wed, 25 Sep 2013 10:49:43 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Thu, 17 Oct 2013 11:42:37 GMT",
"version": "v2"
}
] | 2013-11-26 | [
[
"Upadhyay",
"Sudhaker",
""
]
] | We analyse the constraints of an Abelian 2-form gauge theory using Faddeev-Jackiw symplectic formalism. Further, this theory is treated as a constrained system in the context of Batalin-Fradkin-Vilkovisky formalism to retrieve the BRST symmetry. Using the fields decompositions the effective action for Abelian 2-form gauge theory is written in terms of diagonalized uncanonical part and BRST exact one. The nilpotent BRST and contracting homotopy $\sigma $ closed transformations with field redefinitions are shown as the Darboux transformations used in the Faddeev-Jackiw formalism. |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.