Split (2)

train · 226k rows

question stringlengths 3 301	answer stringlengths 9 26.1k	context list
When a woman, who has had her womb transplanted, has a child, will the child share her DNA or the DNA of the organ donor?	The womb is also called the [uterus](_URL_1_). This is the organ in which the fetus develops, but it does not contribute to the genetic make up of the child. A fetus is created by the combination of sperm and egg. Eggs are created and stored in the [ovaries](_URL_2_). The [woman who just successfully had a child aft...	[ "A uterine transplant was performed in Saudi Arabia in 2000, from one woman to another, but it did not result in a pregnancy. This advance drew speculation about the possibility of a male receiving a womb transplant, and bearing a child from the transplanted womb.\n", "Embryo transfer may be used where a woman wh...
Why did bayonets mostly replace pikes as an anti-cavalry weapon by the end of the 17th century?	The early modern period-- the end of the 16th and beginning of the 17th century is often referred to as a time of "military revolution", a term associated with Michael Roberts' 1955 lecture of the same name. While Geoffrey Parker and others have raised good points about some of the more exuberant claims, the core of t...	[ "The late 17th century saw the decline of the pike in most European armies. This started with the development of the plug bayonet, followed by the socket bayonet. This adds a long blade (up to 2 ft [60 cm]) to the end of the musket, allowing the musket to act as a pike-like weapon when held out with both hands. Alt...
since there is a color that is all colors combined, is there a scent that is all scents combined, and what would it smell like?	> By color of all colors I'm referring to black since this is the color you see when all waves of color (visible light) are reflected back to your eye. You mean white, not black. White light is all wavelengths of visible light (or, at least, equal levels of the three you do sense). Scents are a bit different, sinc...	[ "The aroma of pure substance can be described as honey-like, sweet, rose, green, grassy and is added to fragrances to impart hyacinth, narcissi, or rose nuances. For similar reasons the compound can sometimes be found in flavored cigarettes and beverages.\n", "Generally molecules meeting this specification have m...
the process of photo restoration	Cracks and folds are removed by carefully hiding them, either hand-painting over them, or simply copying nearby textures over them. Missing parts are painted. Faded parts of the foto are simply restored by taking the color that are present, and amplifying them (like turning up the volume). There are tools in the popu...	[ "Digital photograph restoration is the practice of restoring the appearance of a digital copy of a physical photograph which has been damaged by natural, man made, or environmental causes or simply affected by age or neglect.\n", "Digital photograph restoration uses a variety of image editing techniques to remove...
how do bacteria think?	There is a grievous, fundamental misunderstanding of biology here. I don't know what you think thoughts are, but they are really not at all related to the immune system, performing "actions," or bacteria. Let's start with a really simple chemical reaction. When you mix baking soda and vinegar, it makes the classic sc...	[ "Bacteria can use flagella in different ways to generate different kinds of movement. Many bacteria (such as \"E. coli\") have two distinct modes of movement: forward movement (swimming) and tumbling. The tumbling allows them to reorient and makes their movement a three-dimensional random walk. Bacterial species di...
does the weather/environment determine the development of our personality?	[From John Grohol, PSY.D](_URL_0_): I was browsing a blog the other day and saw an undated (recent?) entry suggesting that research shows that “weather has little effect on our mood.” The entry relied heavily on a recent study (Denissen et al., 2008) that shows that although a correlation between mood and weather does...	[ "In the case of personality traits, non-shared environmental effects are often found to out-weigh shared environmental effects. That is, environmental effects that are typically thought to be life-shaping (such as family life) may have less of an impact than non-shared effects, which are harder to identify. One pos...
How important was the transfer of equipment/capital that the allies gave to the USSR during World War 2? Was the USSR dependent on it?	Hello! Another related question, how much did the supply of Allied apparel affect the combat strength of the Soviet army during the continuation war against Finland? I've heard anecdotes that one of the key reasons Finland was forced into an armistice was that the useful equipment used in the continuation war was prima...	[ "Stalin noted in 1944, that two-thirds of Soviet heavy industry had been built with the help of the United States, and the remaining one-third, with the help from other Western nations such as Great Britain and Canada. The massive transfer of equipment and skilled personnel from occupied territories helped further ...
What advancements allowed aerial warfare to evolve from triplanes to precision drones within a century?	You may want to be more specific - countless technological advancements have contributed to the kind of combat aircraft we see today. If we ignore electronics (which nowadays are arguably the most important part of combat aircraft design) and armament, the biggest areas of improvement are engines and propulsion, aerody...	[ "Drones have been around since the beginning of the 21st century. While popular in recreational settings though the use of remote control airplanes in the 1970s and 1980s, drones gained in popularity during military war campaigns in Iraq and Afghanistan. Though the use of drones has been controversial at times, esp...
What would happen if a nuclear weapon was detonated next to a nuclear power plant or next to another nuclear weapon?	The only real difference would be the increased fallout and radiation from the spread of radioactive material during the explosion. The other material wouldn't achieve the critical pressures/temperatures required to set off a chain reaction and it would just get blown into the atmosphere by the blast.	[ "It is impossible for a nuclear power plant to undergo a nuclear chain reaction that results in an explosion of power comparable with a nuclear weapon, but even low-powered explosions due to uncontrolled chain reactions, that would be considered \"fizzles\" in a bomb, may still cause considerable damage and meltdow...
Is time quantized on extremely small (quantum) scales?	As far as we know, and according to our current models, time is continuous. There are some proposed models of quantum gravity where time is quantized at very small scales, like around the Planck scale, but we lack the experimental accuracy needed to access those scales, so as of now we can't know for sure.	[ "In special scale relativity, similar unreachable observational scales are proposed, the Planck length scale (\"l\") and the Planck time scale (\"t\"). Dilations are bounded by \"l\" and \"t\", which means that we can divide spatial or temporal intervals without end, but they will always be superior to Planck's len...
why does the air from my table fan feel cold?	Sweat can be a factor (evaporation cools you, of course). However, more commonly, it's because the air is far below your body temperature, so the more air per minute you're exposed to, the more cooling effect there is. Your body doesn't perceive external temperature, per se, but the rate and direction of heat exchange...	[ "While fans are often used to cool people, they do not actually cool air (electric fans may warm it slightly due to the warming of their motors), but work by evaporative cooling of sweat and increased heat convection into the surrounding air due to the airflow from the fans. Thus, fans may become ineffective at coo...
paying a copay instead of full deductible.	Your policy will tell you when the copay applies, and when the deductible applies. You need to check there, as almost every policy is different. With that said, typically things like normal visits (annual physicals, OB/GYN visits, etc.) only require the copay, while unscheduled emergency count against your deductible.	[ "A copayment or copay is a fixed amount for a covered service, paid by a patient to the provider of service before receiving the service. It may be defined in an insurance policy and paid by an insured person each time a medical service is accessed. It is technically a form of coinsurance, but is defined differentl...
In Battlefield 1 the military phonetic alphabet is quite a bit differnt as we know it today (Apples instead of Alpha, Butter instead of Bravo, etc). When was it changed into what it is today? Why was it changed? Or does Battlefield's version have no basis on historical reality?	Yes, this is based in history. The British went through numerous versions of the phonetic alphabet and during the WWI period, it was indeed Apples, Butter, Charlie, Duff, etc. [Tables here](_URL_0_) Due to issues with differences in the phonetic alphabet, and difficulty in pronouncing certain words, after WW2, the new...	[ "The Allied military phonetic spelling alphabets prescribe the words that are used to represent each letter of the alphabet, when spelling other words out loud, letter-by-letter, and how the spelling words should be pronounced. They are not a \"phonetic alphabet\" in the sense in which that term is used in phonetic...
what exactly do the brackets mean when used in interviews like this: "[we want to] change social attitudes toward downloading."	I often see it used to add words the speaker left out. A sentence like "They have a right to happiness" doesn't confer the idea of the speaker without more context so it might be quoted in print as "[Gays] have the right to happiness". It's used to show added or substituted words for clarity. When used properly it will...	[ "The process can isolate the words and phrases used most frequently within a given time period, as well as indicate whether usage is trending up or down. This information is useful for supervisors, analysts, and others in an organization to spot changes in consumer behavior and take action to reduce call volumes—an...
When did Europeans figure out that certain birds were migratory and where did they think the birds migrated to? Where did they believe the birds went in winter before that?	Pliny the Elder in Natural History seems well aware of bird migration in the first century AD. He claims cranes fly from the east of India: > The tracts over which they travel must be immense, if we only consider that they come all the way from the Eastern Sea. But he doesn’t know where storks come from: > Up t...	[ "This ' was crucial in understanding the migration of European birds. Before migration was understood, people had no explanation for the sudden annual disappearance of birds like the white stork and barn swallow. Some theories of the time held that they turned into mice, or hibernated at the bottom of the sea durin...
how does a plant 'know' how old it is?	It doesn't. Plants don't age the way animals do. They show symptoms of aging as their structure becomes too large and woody to carry out its functions, but their growing cells are no older now than they were when it first sprouted. There are plants that have been cloning themselves for tens if not hundreds of thousands...	[ "\"Dioscorea chouardii\" is related to the yam and grows from a tuber hidden in the rock fissure. From this it sends out a shoot each year which withers away in the autumn. The shoot leaves a scar on the tuber, which makes it possible to estimate the age of the plant from the number of scars; the oldest plants are ...
different types of alcohol. i just got a job at a duty free, and i need a crash course quick!	You've got your main spirits: Vodka - Clear colourless liquid, normally around 37% alcohol(in the UK at least). Made from fermented grains or potato. Smells like well alcohol. Normally mixed with various sodas or drunk straight(usually very cold). Can be flavoured with various sweet tastes like fruits or caramel. ...	[ "When 40–70% of the patients in an accident and emergency department (AED) are there because of alcohol-related issues, it is useful for the staff of the AED to determine which of them are hazardous drinkers so that they can treat the underlying cause and offer brief advice which may reduce the health impact of alc...
how does a park like disneyland know when everyone has left the park.	They actually have an after hours crew of around 600 that maintain the park. If someone were left behind, they'd be caught.	[ "According to modern legend, Walt Disney was bothered by the sight of a cowboy walking through California Disneyland's Tomorrowland en route to his post in Frontierland. He felt that such a sight was jarring, and detracted from the guest experience. Since the California Disneyland was small, such a tunnel system co...
What was the first democracy where over 50% of the population could vote?	Do you mean "where over 50% of the adult population could vote"? Since in most democracies approximately half the adult population are women, your question can be re-phrased as which democracy first had both, broad adult suffrage and women voters? That would be the British colony of New Zealand in 1893, followed by ...	[ "The earliest known direct democracy is said to be the Athenian democracy in the 5th century BC, although it was not an inclusive democracy: women, foreigners, and slaves were excluded from it. The main bodies in the Athenian democracy were the assembly, composed of male citizens; the boulê, composed of 500 citizen...
What of the era of Biblical Judges is corroborated by archeological or textual evidence?	The historical accuracy of events portrayed in the Bible change depending on the books and division of the Bible. Generally, the farther back in the past a Biblical story takes place, the more likely it is the details of the story are inaccurate if the story has any basis in history at all. For example, the invasion of...	[ "Independent, datable historical confirmation of Biblical events begins during the era of the first Jewish kings. With the advent of biblical criticism in the 19th century, the events before this period came to be disputed. Little interest in questioning the biblical chronology existed before then, but came with th...
why not everybody is capable of moving their ears and other body parts?	Some of it is due to lack of practice and realizing you can. Physical therapy for instance helps people locate weakened or atrophied muscles using electrical stimulation so you can find them and learn to use them again. So for those that can raise a single eyebrow or whatnot, it comes with practice. For something li...	[ "The ears of a macaque monkey and most other monkeys have far more developed muscles than those of humans, and therefore have the capability to move their ears to better hear potential threats. Humans and other primates such as the orangutan and chimpanzee however have ear muscles that are minimally developed and n...
How did Imperial Germany Treat its Minorities?	I'm mostly familiar with things from the minority-side of things, not the German side. But Imperial Germany did emancipate its Jews, giving them political rights, along with other countries during this era. This (along with the enlightenment) produced new religious movements in Judaism, particularly the Reform moveme...	[ "\"Volksdeutsche\" (ethnic Germans) topped the list as a category. They comprised people without German citizenship but of German ancestry living outside Germany (unlike German expatriates). Though \"Volksdeutsche\" did not hold German citizenship, the strengthening and development of ethnic German communities thro...
why is ford's stock (~$30) significantly cheaper than nissan's stock (~$1,100)?	Prices of individual shares are not as relevant as the overall market cap of the company. Share prices can be driven downward by having stock splits, which most companies do when the per share price becomes high.	[ "According to the \"Forbes\" magazine, Ford was the 371st richest person in the United States in 2013, with an approximate net worth of $1.4 billion. He reportedly owned in Ford Motor Company: 6.7 million shares of Class B stock and 26.3 million common shares; making him the largest single shareholder.\n", "In 20...
What discoveries in the natural sciences (Physics, Chemistry, Biology) have had evident and dramatic impacts on the course of history?	In physics I would note electricity, and electromagnetic theory (which allows radio) is perhaps a separate discovery. The steam engine is also an obvious one, or if you prefer theory you could say thermodynamics - but the applications side was clearly first here. I guess this could also be considered engineering, as co...	[ "Historically, the main discoveries were in the fields of endocrinology and physiology. The current research areas are wider and include Neurosciences, Biology of Reproduction, Experimental Oncology and Immunology. Results are published in journals of international recognition, thus demonstrating the level of excel...
how a double-blind study works, and why it is considered so reliable	Double-blind studies are usually used in medicine. They are to control for the placebo effect. Let's say you have a new drug and you want to test how well it treats a disease. So, you get a whole bunch of patients with that disease. You give half of them the new drug and half of them a sugar pill (you could also give ...	[ "A double-blind study with only objective measures is less likely to be biased to support a given conclusion. However, the researchers or the sponsors still have opportunities to skew the results by discarding or ignoring undesirable data, qualitatively characterizing the results, and ultimately deciding whether to...
Why is the fine structure constant called "fine structure"?	Atomic spectra have gross, fine and hyperfine structure. The gross structure corresponds to the energy levels which result from non-relativistic solutions to the Schrodinger equation, with no allowance for the effects of electron spin. Fine structure results from taking account of relativistic effects, and of interac...	[ "In physics, the fine-structure constant, also known as Sommerfeld's constant, commonly denoted by (the Greek letter \"alpha\"), is a dimensionless physical constant characterizing the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary charged particles. It is related to the elementary charge , which ch...
What happens when a charged particle moves faster than the speed of light in a material? (Cherenkov radiation)	> What is going on at the atomic level in the material that causes this? The electric field of the charged particle distorts the atoms. When the atoms relax back to equilibrium the excess energy of the disruption is released as photons. > What happens if the particle is not charged? Uncharged molecules won't disru...	[ "It is possible for a particle to travel through a medium faster than the phase velocity of light in that medium (but still slower than \"c\"). When a charged particle does that in a dielectric material, the electromagnetic equivalent of a shock wave, known as Cherenkov radiation, is emitted.\n", "When a charged ...
How did Tobacco come to Japan in the 19th century?	It isn't known exactly how tobacco first came to Japan. In the mid-to-late 16th century, tobacco was spreading in East Asia and South-East Asia, probably through multiple routes: Portuguese sailors/traders from Europe or Brazil, Dutch sailors/traders, Spanish sailors/traders from Mexico and the Philippines, and Arab an...	[ "Tobacco has been known in Japan since the 1570s at the earliest. By the early 17th century, kiseru had become popular enough to even be mentioned in some Buddhist textbooks for children. The kiseru evolved along with the equipment and use of incense associated with the Japanese incense ceremony: kōdō:\n", "After...
why are there still "living fossils that have barely evolved in 100s of millions of years?	If there's a species is still quite a good fit for their environment and no string of beneficial mutations come up to eventually mold a new species, the species just sort of stays the same.	[ "Not every transitional form appears in the fossil record, because the fossil record is not complete. Organisms are only rarely preserved as fossils in the best of circumstances, and only a fraction of such fossils have been discovered. Paleontologist Donald Prothero noted that this is illustrated by the fact that ...
Are there any animals that can see microwaves?	the wavelength of microwaves is about 12 centimeters, so you'd need an animal that had rods/cones that big, right? maybe a blue whale or something. light is in the 500 terahertz range, microwaves are in the hundreds of mhz range. That's orders of magnitude difference.	[ "Starting in the 1970s, Adair conducted physiology studies as a fellow at the John B. Pierce Laboratory in New Haven to learn how humans and animals react to heat. This work led her to focus on the controversial area of microwaves and their effect on human health. Experimenting first on squirrel monkeys and then on...
how was tim tebow so successful in college but not in the nfl?	While the rules are similar between NCAA and NFL football, there's a big difference in strategies. In college, there are lots of teams and not everyone is all that good. In the NFL, the players have more experience, have more physical strength and speed, and only made it to the NFL by being great in college. Combine...	[ "Tim Tebow became the full-time starting quarterback for the 2007 season. Although the Gators began with a 4–0 record and were ranked as high as third in media polls, a mid-season slump in which they lost three of four games to conference foes ended their hopes for another national championship. They finished with ...
how are westerner's "chinese" name decided ans given?	Yep mostly phonetic. Generic names such as Mark is normally translated to 马克 (Mah-Ker) while Paul is translated to 保罗 (Bao-Luo). Same thing applies for names that aren't common as well...but im not sure who decides for the famous ppl oops	[ "Chinese people, except for those traveling or living outside China, rarely reverse their names to the western naming order (given name, then family name). Western publications usually preserve the Chinese naming order, with the family name first, followed by the given name. Beginning in the early 1980s, in regards...
What was the "known world" for Asian people in ancient times, roman times, etc. ?	The Han Chinese knew a decent amount, but largely shrouded in myth. Here is a list of historical documents: _URL_0_ The ones translated by John Hill are the best. There are descriptions and names for the chief cities of the Eastern empire, primary exports, notable flora, some not entirely nonsensical reports about t...	[ "The first continental use of Asia is attributed to Herodotus (about 440 BCE), not because he innovated it, but because his \"Histories\" are the earliest surviving prose to describe it in any detail. He defines it carefully, mentioning the previous geographers whom he had read, but whose works are now missing. By ...
what's the 'clicky' noise when shaking some types of aerosol cans?	Metal marble in the can to help stir the paint	[ "Cartridge scarers include a wide variety of noise-producing cartridges usually fired from rockets or rope bangers, or on aerodromes from modified pistols or shotguns, which produce a loud bang and emit flashes of light. They include shellcrackers, screamer shells and whistling projectiles, exploding projectiles, b...
How was Erotic Literature received by the public in the 17th Century?	Hey! A question on my field! First, 'erotic literature' (very good use of the correct term) was first printed in the late 1490's, the pioneer in the field being Pietro Aretino, of course. The short answer is... What public? The public, by and large could not read. Reading was still mostly limited to the upper class...	[ "The rise of the novel in 18th-century England provided a new medium for erotica. One of the most famous in this new genre was \"Fanny Hill\" (1748) by John Cleland. This book set a new standard in literary smut and was often adapted for the cinema in the 20th century. Peter Fryer suggests that \"Fanny Hill\" was a...
how do airlines get your checked luggage on the right plane when there is a short layover?	They usually sort it at the departing gate. They know which luggage needs to be taken out first. That information is sent to arrive airport. They also compartmentalize the bags. Ie, belt, terminal 1, terminal 2, etc. So this way, its easy to put the bags in correct cart and take it to correct place.	[ "Many airlines have a deadline for passengers to check in before each flight. This is to allow the airline to offer unclaimed seats to stand-by passengers, to load luggage onto the plane and to finalize documentation for take-off. The passenger must also take into account the time that may be needed for them to cle...
When (and where) did the concept of "paper money" began?	You might want to check out: - [When did the Monetary system using "paper money" we have today start?](_URL_0_) - [What are the earliest dates for paper money?](_URL_1_) - [How did they prevent counterfeiting of paper money before modern things like holograms, fluorescent ink, and microprinting?](_URL_2_)	[ "Paper currency first developed in Tang dynasty China during the 7th century, although true paper money did not appear until the 11th century, during the Song dynasty. The usage of paper currency later spread throughout the Mongol Empire or Yuan dynasty China. European explorers like Marco Polo introduced the conce...
How do optical illusions appear to be moving?	I'm an artist who creates optical illusions. The big reason this particular type of illusion works is because the value of the lines lead the eye. Other moving illusions can force the perspective with the thickness of the lines. It is the same principle shown in [this famous illusion](_URL_0_) but much simplified. If...	[ "The term illusory motion, also known as motion illusion, is an optical illusion in which a static image appears to be moving due to the cognitive effects of interacting color contrasts and shape position. Apparent motion is the most common type of illusory motion and is perceived when images are displayed in succe...
Are their any instances where a historian has run for public office in the US or elsewhere?	Former speaker Newt Gingrich was an assistant professor of history at West Georgia College before being elected to Congress.	[ "Richard Norton Smith (born 1953) is an American historian and author specializing in U.S. presidents and other political figures. In the past, he worked as a freelance writer for \"The Washington Post\", and worked with U.S. Senators Edward Brooke and Bob Dole.\n", "Leonard Dupee White (January 17, 1891 in Acton...
why are deer extremely sensitive to even the quietest sounds (rustling leaves), but run out in front of cars like they don't hear them?	Maybe they hear the car but think it's farther away so they don't care. Like they hear it, 100 feet away and think the car can't possibly travel at 70 mph to hit me in time, so I'll just run across this road.	[ "A contributing factor to deer-vehicle collisions, as preventable as it is prevalent, is the time of day at which motorists travel through deer habitation. During the daytime, motorists can more easily see and avoid hitting deer. At night, most especially during the dusk and dawn hours, deer are much harder to see,...
If two galaxies collided, would there be collisions?	It's really true. The space between stars is really quite large.	[ "Collisions occur when two galaxies pass directly through each other and have sufficient relative momentum not to merge. The stars of interacting galaxies will usually not collide, but the gas and dust within the two forms will interact, sometimes triggering star formation. A collision can severely distort the shap...
Where can I go to research famine, persecution, and diaspora around the time of German Unification (~1870s).	"The Long Nineteenth Century" by Blackburn is a general history of Germany, ending with WW1. You'll find plenty of information to get started in the book, as it is well sourced. I don't recall it being too specific in that area, but would certainly not hurt to start your search.	[ "Ireland’s Great Hunger Museum at Quinnipiac University publishes a series of booklets called Famine Folios, a unique resource for students, scholars and researchers, as well as general readers, covering many aspects of the Famine in Ireland from 1845–1852 — the worst demographic catastrophe of 19th-century Europe....
why are chip bags so loud?	Its because of the type of plastic that they use to make the bags. Because chips go stale rather quickly when exposed to oxygen they use a a high density plastic and pack them with gas(not sure what kind nitrogen?) To keep them fresh until you open them. The type of plastic they use is stiff so it makes a krinkley nois...	[ "Chippers of this type have many drawbacks and safety issues. If an operator becomes snagged on material being fed into the machine, injury or death is very likely. Chippers of this type are also very loud. The chips produced may be very large, and if thin material is inserted, it may be cut into slivers rather tha...
Do we have any primary sources which explicitly accuse Edward II of being a homosexual or is this theory based on innuendo and conjecture?	An anonymous chronicler writing during the civil wars of the 1320s, wrote that: > ...upon looking on him [Piers Gaveston] the son of the king immediately felt such love for him that he entered into a covenant of constancy, and bound himself with him before all other mortals with a bond of indissoluble love, firmly dr...	[ "The possibility that Edward had a sexual relationship with Gaveston or his later favourites has been extensively discussed by historians, complicated by the paucity of surviving evidence to determine for certain the details of their relationships. Homosexuality was fiercely condemned by the Church in 14th-century ...
the difference between standard deviation, standard error and variance.	Standard deviation and standard error are both functions of the variance, so we can start by trying to understand the variance first. The variance is something that, intuitively, measures the "spread" of a distribution. It is how far away on average points from your sample will be from the mean of your distribution, w...	[ "The standard deviation of a random variable, statistical population, data set, or probability distribution is the square root of its variance. It is algebraically simpler, though in practice less robust, than the average absolute deviation.\n", "Variance (or standard deviation) is not a risk measure in the above...
how rockets like the saturn 5, the soyuz, and the space x rocket stay pointed up and straight. eli5.	Before they launch, they're held in place with scaffolding. After launch, the force is controlled and directed such that up is the direction they mostly go in, with very minor adjustments in the nozzles to change direction.	[ "SA-500D was one of the five pre-flight configurations of the Saturn V. This configuration showed the Saturn V's \"bending and vibration characteristics\" and verified \"the adequacy of guidance and control systems' design.\" The rocket's of thrust would generate vigorous shaking and it was important to see that th...
how can houses in detroit be on sale for a dollar?	my parents owned a house in detroit that they owed back taxes on to the amount of $7k or so. they let wayne county foreclose with no objection. the first time it is put up for auction the price is set at that $7. if it doesnt sell it goes back up for auction 6 months later starting at $50. i thought long and hard about...	[ "The average price of homes sold in Detroit in 2012 was $7,500. , 47 houses in Detroit were listed for $500 or less, with five properties listed for $1. Despite the extremely low price of Detroit properties, most of the properties have been on the market for more than a year as the boarded up, abandoned houses of t...
math constants.	We just found them as we investigated things. Take Pi; when people were investigating circles & their proportions, someone noticed that every circle's circumference was always about 3 times it's diameter. 'That's interesting' (the words preceding 99% of all major discoveries ever!) and so more investigations led to ...	[ "A mathematical constant is a number whose value is fixed by an unambiguous definition, often referred to by a symbol or by mathematicians' names to facilitate using it across multiple mathematical problems. Constants arise in many areas of mathematics, with constants such as and occurring in such diverse context...
why wont my graphics card run certain games?	Newer graphics cards come with new features, which the old ones don't support. If a game requests a feature from the card which it doesn't have, it'll likely give up.	[ "Due to the increasing computing power of each generation of game consoles, a novel use has emerged where they are repurposed into High-performance computing (HPC) clusters. Some examples of game console clusters are Sony PlayStation clusters and Microsoft Xbox clusters. Another example of consumer game product is ...
How strongly does the IQ bell curve correlate with achievement?	[Here's](_URL_0_) a paper that attempts to relate Piaget IQ tests to standardized test scores for school achievement, and finds little overlap. [This](_URL_2_) study states > When success measures were regressed against intelligence and personality scales or factors, intelligence did not account for variance beyond t...	[ "\"The Bell Curve\", published in 1994, was written by Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray to explain the variations in intelligence in American society, warn of some consequences of that variation, and propose social policies for mitigating the worst of the consequences. The book's title comes from the bell-shap...
how bad does the situation have to be for a person to seek asylum from another country? and how demonstrable does the threat have to be? (proof)	Hop the border, turn yourself in, and apply for asylum. You'll be granted temporary stay during the trial. If you can demonstrate the need of jumping the border to save your life, you will be granted permenant residency.	[ "A person is eligible for the discretionary relief of asylum if they are a refugee—that is, \"unable or unwilling to return to, and is unwilling or unable to avail themselves of the protection of, [their home] country because of persecution or a well-founded fear of persecution on account of race, religion, nationa...
why does the solar system get drawn like a glat plain? are all the planets on the same vertical level? if they are, what happens if we go up?	_URL_0_ The orbits aren't all perfectly aligned. Ceres has the most noticeable tilt, the others are less dramatic.	[ "Most of the major bodies of the Solar System orbit the Sun in nearly the same plane. This is likely due to the way in which the Solar System formed from a protoplanetary disk. Probably the closest current representation of the disk is known as the \"invariable plane of the Solar System\". Earth's orbit, and hence,...
biologically we have evolved to have carbohydrates as our main source of energy. why are they such a taboo in the health and dieting scene?	We actually work on sugar and we can break down carbohydrates to obtain that sugar. We store the excess in fat that we can use later. For the vast majority of the history of life, obtaining food was a major activity that we had to do in order to get enough energy to live and it took energy to do that. For hundreds...	[ "The most important carbohydrate is glucose, a simple sugar (monosaccharide) that is metabolized by nearly all known organisms. Glucose and other carbohydrates are part of a wide variety of metabolic pathways across species: plants synthesize carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water by photosynthesis storing the...
how to differentiate nuclear blasts from earthquakes	Earthquakes are sinusoidal and logarythmic.. bombs make 1 wave and then small echoes are seen.	[ "Seismic stations record underground pressure waves and transmit this data for processing via secure communication links. There are many challenges involved with trying to differentiate a nuclear explosion from other natural and man-made phenomena, such as earthquakes, mining explosions, and construction. Nuclear e...
how were prescription glasses made accurately before the invention of modern technology?	What modern technology do you envision? Spherical lenses were entirely within the abilities of technology 500 years ago. Prior to that we didn't really bother with glasses. Also prescriptions sure didn't exist. Such glasses were fairly limited to the wealthy.	[ "Over time, the construction of frames for glasses also evolved. Early eyepieces were designed to be either held in place by hand or by exerting pressure on the nose (\"pince-nez\"). Girolamo Savonarola suggested that eyepieces could be held in place by a ribbon passed over the wearer's head, this in turn secured b...
What makes Great Man theory rock/suck? (i.e. What are the major current historical interpretive practices?)	So basically, history in the last 50 years has moved from the "Great Man History", or more specifically the standard politico-military histories that were oh so popular during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, towards cultural/social history. The difference between cultural and social history is pretty goddamn ...	[ "The History of Rock is a compilation album by Kid Rock. Released in 2000, the album consists of re-recorded versions of songs from the album \"The Polyfuze Method\", remixed versions of songs from the album \"Early Mornin' Stoned Pimp\", demos and unreleased songs, including the single \"American Bad Ass\".\n", ...
is there any way jerking off can result in infertility at some point?	Infertility, no, not at all. But it can result in a mild case of impotence, if you get used to a different kind of stimulation than actual sex provides.	[ "The insane gynaecologist, Dr. Marukido Sadao (Marquis de Sade), theorizes that a woman is unable to become pregnant if she is writhing in intense pain during intercourse. He sets about testing this new method of birth control by torturing women during sex.\n", "When the umbilical cord is constricted (q.v. \"acci...
why are there chechens fighting in the pro-russian side in eastern ukraine, when they originally were fighting against the russians in the chechen wars?	They do what they are paid for by Russian (and Chechen) government. For now Chechnya is governed by Russian puppet who gets loads of money and will do anything Putin asks him to do. Why Chechens and not Russian from other regions? I guess they are cheaper and have better skills for purpose.	[ "BULLET::::- Chechen, Abkhaz, Ossetian, and Cossack paramilitaries have been active participants in the insurgency in Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts. Some Chechen opponents of Russian government were fighting pro-Russian separatists in Ukraine for the Ukrainian government.\n", "The Invasion of Dagestan leading to th...
why do i see rusty looking spots on the sidewalk and road?	The reinforcing rebar or steel mesh encapsulated in the concrete is rusting.	[ "The road is the subject of folklore and numerous local legends. According to \"Weird NJ\", these rumors have drawn more visitors to the area, to the annoyance of residents, who have in the past gone so far as to smear the pole holding the street sign (pictured) at the road's southern end with grease or oil to prev...
What are the negative effects of a low carb/high fat diet?	Well. What happens during a LCHF-diet is that you force your body to burn fat, and only fat. What happens when you metabolize fat is that [ketone bodies](_URL_0_) as produced, leading to a state of ketosis. Ketone bodies can be used as an energy source by the brain and other cells, as in the case during starvation a...	[ "Some randomized control trials have shown that low-carbohydrate diets, especially very low-carbohydrate diets, perform better than low-fat diets in improving cardiometabolic risk factors in the long term, suggesting that low-carbohydrate diets are a viable option alongside low-fat diets for people at risk of cardi...
from a business standpoint, what are the benefits and disadvantages of paying employees weekly, biweekly, twice a month, and monthly?	A weekly or every-other week basis can simplify operations: everyone knows that pay periods close one day, and checks are written on another day of the week, regardless of the calendar date. A monthly or bi-monthly basis can screw with that, as pay periods and payroll processing may not concurrent with the same day...	[ "The reason that employees are often paid according to hours of work rather than by direct measurement of results is that it is often more efficient to use indirect systems of controlling the quantity and quality of effort, due to a variety of informational and other issues (e.g., turnover costs, which determine th...
if the universe is expanding so rapidly, why do we see no visible change locally?	Because the universe is so huge and we're so small.	[ "Based on a huge amount of experimental observation and theoretical work, it is now believed that the reason for the observation is that \"space itself is expanding\", and that it expanded very rapidly within the first fraction of a second after the Big Bang. This kind of expansion is known as a \"\"metric\"\" expa...
Why are gases more soluble in cold liquid, but solids are more soluble in warm liquid?	Great question. Gas molecules tend to fly around and bump into each other. If you add heat to a gas, which is in a ballon, the volume of the balloon increases because gases expand when you heat them. As you add the heat, the gas molecules move faster and collide with more force. Solids, on the other hand, are in relati...	[ "Both solids and liquids have free surfaces, which cost some amount of free energy to form. In the case of solids, the amount of free energy to form a given unit of surface area is called surface energy, whereas for liquids the same quantity is called surface tension. The ability of liquids to flow results in diffe...
. why does room temperature coffee taste ‘cold’ but room temperature milk tastes ‘warm’?	Because most coffee you drink is hotter than room temperature, so in comparison to what you expect the coffee to feel like, a coffee at room temperature would feel cold. But we usually drink milk from the refrigerator so when it's a room temperature it's hotter than what you expect. And the reason why coffee is usual...	[ "A cup of warm milk or a milk-based drink is traditionally used for sleep induction. Hot chocolate is also a traditional bedtime drink but this contains high levels of xanthines (caffeine and theobromine), which are stimulants and therefore may be counterproductive. Also, a pinch of turmeric powder with warm milk r...
How did China come to have so many massively populated cities?	One thing to keep in mind is that administrative boundaries work differently in China than in the United States. Municipal administrative units usually include most of the suburbs of a city, and some of the outlying rural areas as well. The most extreme example of this is Chongqing which is the size of South Carolina i...	[ "Chinese cities of the Song period became some of the largest in the world, owing to technological advances and an agricultural revolution. Kaifeng, which served as the capital and seat of government during the Northern Song (960–1127), had some half a million residents in 1021, with another half-million living in ...
how does viewing violence affect people's mental health?	I’m not sure there is really a correlation there. More likely people already predisposed to some kind of mental health problem can be affected by viewing violence.	[ "On July 26, 2000 the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Medical Association, the American Psychological Association, the American Academy of Family Physicians, and the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry stated that \"prolonged viewing of media violence can lead to emotional desensitizati...
What caused the United States to have the highest infant mortality rate among western countries?	The [Congressional Research Service](_URL_3_) investigated whether inconsistent recording of births could be the cause of our bad infant mortality rates (IMR) and found that it does not ~~really affect~~ fully explain the results. (There is some effect from the inconsistent recording, but it isn't significant to expla...	[ "In the 1850s, the infant mortality rate in the United States was estimated at 216.8 per 1,000 babies born for whites and 340.0 per 1,000 for African Americans, but rates have significantly declined in the West in modern times. This declining rate has been mainly due to modern improvements in basic health care, tec...
What was the general sentiment felt by WWII veterans towards Vietnam, the Korean War, and the veterans returning home from those wars?	Purely anecdotal Speaking to Australian Vietnam vets, many were denied admission to their local RSL's, many were told Vietnam 'wasn't a real war' by WW2 vets, and that the strongest condemnation they received was from veterans. I wish I had a source other than anecdote; these were guys from RSL's who came to talk to ...	[ "As well as the negative sentiments towards returned soldiers from some sections of the anti-war movement, some Second World War veterans also held negative views of the Vietnam War veterans. As a result, many Australian Vietnam veterans were excluded from joining the Returned Servicemen's League (RSL) during the 1...
When world war 2 ended, why did German soldiers want to surrender to the western allies rather than the Soviet union?	Couple of reasons, since the invasion of the USSR in 1941 German treatment of Soviet prisoners had been horrendous, kept in wire enclosures until they starved, succumbed to disease, or were simply summarily executed (among the first victims gassed at Auschwitz were Russian PoWs). With no quarter given on the Eastern Fr...	[ "One reason for the policy was that the Allies wished to avoid a repetition of the stab-in-the-back myth that arose in Germany after World War I, which attributed Germany's loss to betrayal by Jews, Bolsheviks, and Socialists. The myth was used by the Nazis in their propaganda. It was felt that an unconditional sur...
why haven't we come up with an easier way to get to the top of mount everest?	The reason they want to go there is because it is dangerous and difficult and life threatening. They aren't going up there for the view and to get a tan. Regardless, standing at that altitude has seriously life threatening effects. Climbers need to acclimate for weeks to be able to survive it. Making it ea...	[ "Sometimes the normal route is not the easiest ascent to the summit, but just the one that is most used. There may be technically easier variations. This is especially the case on the Watzmannfrau, the Hochkalter and also Mount Everest. There may be many reasons these easier options are less well-used:\n", "The 1...
Why were the Islam?Christian preachers unsuccessful in penetrating the religion deep into India?	You seem to be asking 2 different questions. 1.) "Why were Islam and Christianity unsuccessful in getting converts in India" and 2.) "Why wasn't Hinduism completely eradicated by a monotheistic religion." These are two different things, and let me first say that Historians can't exactly explain why something didn't h...	[ "With the decline of the Mughals and a vast majority of the Muslim lands coming under the rule of the European colonial powers, Islamic missionary activity faced a new challenge, vis-a-vis Christian missionaries that arrived along with the colonial rulers. It was said that much of Muslim missionary zeal in India ar...
why does david cameron want to scrap the human rights act and replace it with "the british bill of rights"?	_URL_1_ > In a speech to the Strasbourg assembly, Mr Cameron said the whole concept of human rights laws was in danger of becoming "distorted" and "discredited" because of the court's decisions. > "We do have a real problem when it comes to foreign national who threaten our security," he said. > **"The problem to...	[ "Prior to the 2010 general election, Conservative party leader David Cameron proposed replacing the Human Rights Act with a new \"British Bill of Rights\". After forming a coalition with the Liberal Democrats, these plans were shelved and reinstated only after the Conservative party won an overall majority in the 2...
In a period of twelve years, Germany went from an emerging democracy to a dictatorship that eventually committed genocide. How?	When Germany was defeated in the First World War (in 1918) it caused a period of chaos which would eventually lead to Hitler. The defeat created a revolutionary situation and forced the Kaiser out of power. A new and very unstable democracy was created- the Weimar Republic. Germany's economy and society had been devast...	[ "In 1919 a new democracy was formed in a German town known as the Weimar Republic. This new government was thought to be doomed from the start and after the hyperinflation of 1923, “money became so worthless that children could play with stacks of it.” Despite civil unrest in Germany and elsewhere in Western Europe...
Why has there never been (widely known?) geopolitical conflict between Canada and the United States?	Anytime there has been something of that description, Britain was always the motivator. In Canada's position there are a few things discouraging it from picking a fight with its neighbor. 1.) Canada has always had a population dearth relative to the United States. Less people means less resources for industry, rese...	[ "The dispute between Canada and the United States arose in 1969 with the trip of the U.S. oil tanker SS \"Manhattan\" through the Arctic Archipelago. The prospect of more American traffic headed to the Prudhoe Bay Oil Field made the Canadian government realize that political action was required should it decide to ...
Is it true that a lot of old-timey sailors couldn't swim?	This is a broad questions, and as a result there's a lack of definitive statistics, but there seems to be a fair degree of consensus that for the most part European (and by extension early American) sailors were comparatively poor swimmers. For much of the period at least into the 19th century, moreover, a clear distin...	[ "The sailors were wearing their uniforms including heavy boots, which made swimming from the wreck difficult — indeed many men of that time had never had the opportunity to learn. Many songs and poems, such as \"An Iolaire\", describe the women of these men finding their men washed up on the shore the next day. The...
So what's the upper limit on man-made global warming?	The thing scientists are most worried about is a positive feedback loop in the climate, where if you pass some tipping point, you have runaway warming. I'm not a climate expert, but a positive feedback loop would put the upper limit quite high. Here's a fake example made up off the top of my head - say at some temper...	[ "In 2010, Parties to the UNFCCC agreed that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level. With the Paris Agreement of 2015 this was confirmed, but was revised with a new target laying down \"parties will do the best\" to achieve warming below 1.5 °C. The curr...
How were the anarchist/syndicalist (or pro-Republican in general) areas of Spain governed before and during the civil war? Did the militias enforce or enact any laws? Did they police their respective communities?	Governance before the civil war is tricky. The easy answer, of course, is that the Spanish government (whether the left or right was in power) was still in place prior to the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War, so areas with significant anarchist (or other leftist) presence were being governed by the government. It's no...	[ "At the start of the Civil War, there were two primary anarchist organizations: Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT) and the Federación Anarquista Ibérica (FAI). Representing working-class people, they set out to prevent the Nationalists from seizing control while also serving as reforming influences inside Sp...
Questions for Hitler?	Well, to start, Hitler was chancellor of Germany in 1933: he was running the show in 1933. You want to talk to him in the 1920s, it seems, so: Do some research on the Beer Hall Putsch of 1923 - that's his first grab for power, but it was ultimately unsuccessful. And while serving his ridiculously lenient jail senten...	[ "Beginning in February 1924, Hitler was tried for high treason before the special People's Court in Munich. He used his trial as an opportunity to spread his message throughout Germany. At one point during the trial, Hitler discussed political leadership, during which he stated that leading people was not a matter ...
I'm no expert of either, but there seem to be some key similarities between Ancient Latin and Greek, like the -us/-os and -um/-on endings. They even have the same word for "I." Did either peoples notice the same thing and suspect that their languages could have come from a common source?	~~I'm not sure which "other people" you are referring to.~~ The Romans thought that Latin was a dialect of Greek. Modern linguists believe that they are both part of the Indo-European language family and therefore have a common linguistic ancestor. [This article](_URL_0_) will probably interest you	[ "Colonial era scholars familiar with Latin and Greek were struck by the resemblance of the Sanskrit language; both in its vocabulary and grammar; to the classical languages of Europe. It suggested a common root and historical links between some of the major distant ancient languages of the world. William Jones rema...
Blown up army sizes in Xerxes march on Greece	Hi! You might enjoy the answer I gave to this question [here](_URL_0_). My view is that we need to be thinking about these numbers less in terms of "true or false" and more in terms of "plausible or implausible in a world without written records". In the context of his own work, Herodotos made a lot of effort to justif...	[ "General Papagos rushed Greek units to the Metsovon pass where the Germans were expected to attack. On 14 April a pitched battle between several Greek units and the LSSAH brigade—which had by then reached Grevena—erupted. The Greek 13th and Cavalry Divisions lacked the equipment necessary to fight against an armour...
does mutually assured destruction (ie. nuclear weapons) deter nations into waging war against each other?	Lets see. Why would you start a fight? You want something that other guy has. You really hate that guy for whatever reason. A couple of other reasons exist, but the concept is the same. Now, if that guy has something that will instantly kill or severely hurt you if you attack him, even if you disable him quickly, y...	[ "The doctrine of mutual assured destruction (MAD) assumes that a nuclear deterrent force must be credible and survivable. That is, each deterrent force must survive a first strike with sufficient capability to effectively destroy the other country in a second strike. Therefore, a first strike would be suicidal for ...
can someone explain the chandraskhar limit in simplistic terminology?	During a star's lifetime, the outward pressure exerted from all of the thermal energy being created by fusion in the core holds the volume of the star up against the force of gravity created by all of that mass. When a star uses up its nuclear fusion fuel supply, there's a number of end scenarios that can play out, an...	[ "The limiter function is constrained to be greater than or equal to zero, i.e., formula_11. Therefore, when the limiter is equal to zero (sharp gradient, opposite slopes or zero gradient), the flux is represented by a \"low resolution scheme\". Similarly, when the limiter is equal to 1 (smooth solution), it is repr...
how is it possible that we can have orgasms in our sleep, without any physical stimuli?	All physical sensation is just impulses interpreted by the brain. No need for the actual stimuli, just need the part of the brain that responds to the stimuli to activate. Same idea as starting a car. The conventional way is to use a key to start the engine. You can bypass the key by hot wiring it (or so movies hav...	[ "In addition to physical stimulation, orgasm can be achieved from psychological arousal alone, such as during dreaming (nocturnal emission for males or females) or by forced orgasm. Orgasm by psychological stimulation alone was first reported among people who had spinal cord injury. Although sexual function and sex...
The Great War: African Theatre Literature?	Hew Strachan tackles Africa in his "The First World War," volume 1. I believe you can buy those sections as one unit on Amazon. He'd be a good place to start. I suggest mining the references and going from there.	[ "Charles Miller (1918 – 1986) was an American author of popular history books on East Africa such as \"The Lunatic Express, An Entertainment in Imperialism\" (1971) and \"Battle for the Bundu, The First World War in East Africa\" (1974).\n", "The African Theatre of World War I describes campaigns in North Africa ...
how dubstep/rap artists can manipulate the computer/synthesizer to get the beat/sound the way they want it?	Well they use specific programs designed to augment sound waves. It started out with having the change the actual circuitry of the physical device to produce such sounds, now you can literally just layer loops and press play, if your a lazy fuck.	[ "BULLET::::- Vinyl emulation software allows a DJ to manipulate the playback of digital music files on a computer via a DJ control surface (generally MIDI or a HID controller). DJs can scratch, beatmatch, and perform other turntablist operations that cannot be done with a conventional keyboard and mouse. DJ softwar...
when i shower and someone runs water, i freeze. hotels? 100's of showers, no such problem.	Hotels have ridiculous tankless water heaters that flash heat water in-line, so they don't retain a huge tank of water like most household water heaters. If your house is older, it probably isn't plumbed very well and/or you have a small/inefficient water heater.	[ "Detainees generally are subject to a daily shower convention: shower takes place by the sink in each cell (sink provides only cold water). Showers are typically allowed after dinner without regard for seasonality. This daily shower is considered a “cell” rule. The detention center provides weekly hot shower but su...
Question about North American arrow heads.	In areas where natural copper could be found the nuggets were cold worked by natives into a variety of tools including arrowheads. One of these areas was located around the Great Lakes and is called the Old Copper Complex. Copper arrowheads and other tools were also used in Alaska and the Yukon. The use of copper was...	[ "Lamoka projectile points are stone projectile points manufactured by Native Americans what is now the northeastern United States, generally in the time interval of 3500-2500 B.C. They predate the invention of the bow and arrow, and are therefore not true \"arrowheads\", but rather atlatl dart points. They derive t...
Why can extreme hot weather cause mass power outages/blackouts?	The main reason is that electricity usage is highest during heat waves, because everyone's air conditioning is running at full blast. There's a second less important reason, which is that fossil fuel and nuclear power plants are less efficient in hot weather. They use outside air and/or water to cool their steam back...	[ "Power outages can also occur within areas experiencing heat waves due to the increased demand for electricity (i.e. air conditioning use). The urban heat island effect can increase temperatures, particularly overnight.\n", "Thousands of power outages were reported in Virginia, Kentucky, and North Carolina, repor...
modern sociology claims that race is a social construct devoid of any biological foundation. if so, how does forensic science work, or anthropological dna-based migrational studies?	There are no sociological characteristics that correspond 1:1 with skin color, which is how "race" is determined in the United States. That is not to say that skin color is not a biological trait that is passed from generation to generation. Rather, it simply means that behavioral traits we associate with certain races...	[ "Through this small sampling of experts, it is clear that race as a social construction is a common theory. All of the experts in this sampling say that biological race is non-existent. Race therefore must have been created by societies. They were created to do what humans do, to serve the purposes of the majority....
why do things we do on the internet begin with "e-" instead of "i" for internet?	"e-" stands for "electronic". Regular mail is sent on physical paper, but "e-mail" is sent electronically. It's "e(lectronic) mail".	[ "\"Online\" has come to describe activities performed on and data available on the Internet, for example: \"online identity\", \"online predator\", \"online gambling\", \"online shopping\", \"online banking\", and \"online learning\". Similar meaning is also given by the prefixes \"cyber\" and \"e\", as in the word...
How did cups become a symbol for victory?	hi! always room for more info on this, but you can get started on this earlier post * [Why are trophies often cups?](_URL_0_) - featuring responses from /u/TheJucheisLoose and /u/ConventionalAlias if you have follow-up questions on this locked post, ask them here & page the relevant user by including their username	[ "The Cup is made of pure silver. On the top part of the Cup there is the inscription \"OLYMPIC GAMES 1896, MARATHON TROPHY DONATED BY MICHAEL BREAL\". The remaining surface of the Cup had a relief decoration depicting birds and aquatic plants, which were known to exist in the swamp lands of Marathon in ancient time...
if i leave the milky way, am i immediately in another galaxy or in a big empty part of space with different galaxies to choose from?	There are large empty spaces between galaxies that have almost no matter in them at all. Except maybe dark matter, but we still don't understand that well	[ "In 2014 researchers reported that most satellite galaxies of the Milky Way actually lie in a very large disk and orbit in the same direction. This came as a surprise: according to standard cosmology, the satellite galaxies should form in dark matter halos, and they should be widely distributed and moving in random...
why can't doctors diagnose cte in a living person?	Because the physical degeneration thought to be involved in CTE can only be observed in autopsies. It doesn't really show readily or conclusively is regular brain scans which look for neuron activity or chemical processes. Cracking open a living person's skull soley for research or diagnosis purposes in a very risky su...	[ "Where it is readily available, computed tomography (CT) has become frequently used, especially in people whose diagnosis is not obvious on history and physical examination. Concerns about radiation tend to limit use of CT in pregnant women and children, especially with the increasingly widespread usage of MRI.\n",...
if clouds are water in a gaseous state (aren't they?), why aren't they at a greater than boiling temperature, and is evaporating water boiling?	Let me try to put this in a 5YO level of understanding. Remember when it was December and you went outside and you could see your breath? That was water vapor. The water inside you was not boiling. If it was, you would have been boiling, and we don't want that to happen. Remember in the summer when you felt that co...	[ "Water vapor, water vapour or aqueous vapor is the gaseous phase of water. It is one state of water within the hydrosphere. Water vapor can be produced from the evaporation or boiling of liquid water or from the sublimation of ice. Unlike other forms of water, water vapor is invisible. Under typical atmospheric con...
is x86 software made for 32-bit os or 64-bit?	If it just says x86 then it is probably 32-bit. It will still work just fine, but unless you have a reason otherwise, you should typically get the 64-bit version, which should be labeled x86_64.	[ "Modern x86 is relatively uncommon in embedded systems, however, and small low power applications (using tiny batteries) as well as low-cost microprocessor markets, such as home appliances and toys, lack any significant x86 presence. Simple 8-bit and 16-bit based architectures are common here, although the x86-comp...
what is the simplest way to explain gauss' law and how its used? (algebra based physics) thank you in advance	You can tell how much charge is in an enclosed space by looking at the electric field along the boundary.	[ "One of the main practical uses of the Gaussian law is to model the empirical distributions of many different random variables encountered in practice. In such case a possible extension would be a richer family of distributions, having more than two parameters and therefore being able to fit the empirical distribut...
Was the Sherman tank a name resented by US soldiers from the south during WWII?	If this question isn't relevant, feel free to remove mods. Given the nicknames M3 Lee, M3 Stuart, M3 Grant, and M4 Sherman, why were Union and Confederate general names given to tanks, or any modern weapons for that matter?	[ "The M4 was the best known and most used American tank of World War II. Christened \"Sherman\" by the British, it was named for the famous US Civil War General, William Tecumseh Sherman. The M4 Sherman was a medium tank that proved itself in the Allied operations in North Africa, Europe and the Pacific theaters of ...
Do we really know anything about Mayan warfare?	Maya records do give us a good look at the nature of (and possible motivations for) a variety of military endeavors. Let's take a look at a few. * Palenque and Calakmul were two of the many pairs of constantly competing city states, located just south of the Tabasco region in southern Mexico. Sometime around 608 AD, P...	[ "Warfare was prevalent in the Maya world. Military campaigns were launched for a variety of reasons, including the control of trade routes and tribute, raids to take captives, scaling up to the complete destruction of an enemy state. Little is known about Maya military organization, logistics, or training. Warfare ...
Why was North Vietnam able to field such a massive army that easily over-ran the south when the Americans left? Why did the south not have a more capable or large enough army to hold them off?	[I've answered this previously in this thread.](_URL_0_) The period we're going to speak about is completely focused on conventional warfare, as opposed to the asymmetrical warfare in which the Vietnam War (the American portion of it) had largely been fought. With the exception of two major occasions, the Tét offensiv...	[ "In 1965, the United States rapidly increased its military forces in South Vietnam, prompted by the realization that the South Vietnamese government was losing the Vietnam War as the communist-dominated Viet Cong gained influence over much of the population in rural areas of the country. North Vietnam also rapidly ...
i often hear how states around the country are hemorrhaging due to the lack of teachers, why isn't there a greater demand for teachers?	There is a demand in terms of students who need teachers. But the lack is due to the budgets of the states, who tend to undervalue teachers, as is traditional.	[ "Moreover, a lack of governmental legislation and intervention can be to blame. In parts of South America (with the exception of Chile and Colombia), there are no laws that make physical education compulsory: thus, it is omitted from many schools.\n", "The problems of state's education system are complex. Due to ...

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