Split (2)

train · 226k rows

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At a young age, do dogs experience the same lack of memory as human children?	Depends on which connections we're talking about. Animals like dogs don't have episodic memory- they can remember associations to sight and smell and so on, but not concepts like '3 days ago, my owner stayed in bed all day'. People start to be able to have memories right around when we start using language- it's no coi...	[ "In general, dogs age in a manner similar to humans. Their bodies begin to develop problems that are less common at younger ages, they are more prone to serious or fatal conditions such as cancer, stroke, etc., they become less mobile and may develop joint problems such as arthritis, and in old age often become les...
What's the most interesting scientific fact you know?	Parity violation in the electro-weak sector is just bad-ass. What this tells us is that it makes a fundamental difference whether you construct your coordinate system right handed or left handed. Some say in a sort of sloppy way that this means that the universe can "tell the difference" between right and left... To...	[ "The pinnacle in Chandrasekhar’s scientific career came in 1977, when he and his co-workers discovered the columnar phase of liquid crystals made of disc-shaped molecules, rather than the well-studied rods. Through supramolecular assembly, the discs exhibit a mesophase which has a two-dimensional, periodic order. T...
How was attendance managed at the Roman Games	Going off this, is it true that the Colosseum in Rome could empty itself of spectators in only five minutes? It seems like quick exits and restrictive entries are mutually exclusive. Did they have temporary entry barriers they then removed , sort of like how a modern stadium might have banks of doors that open only fro...	[ "The Games continued to be celebrated under later emperors, but two different systems of calculation were used to determine their dates. Claudius held them in AD 47 to celebrate the 800th year from the foundation of Rome. According to Suetonius, a herald's proclamation of a spectacle \"which no one had ever seen or...
when a president moves in to the white house, what changes can they make?	Because your post isn't asking a simplified conceptual explanation, but rather for an answer, its been removed. You should try /r/answers, /r/askreddit or even one of the more specialized answers subreddits like /r/askhistorians, /r/askscience or others too numerous and varied to mention. Rest assured this doesn'...	[ "After the President's confirmation in the Congress, he becomes the official President of the Government. The powers transition is just a solemnly act because the outgoing president is not the president or acting president anymore.\n", "Out of respect for the historic character of the White House, no substantive ...
Japanese traditional board games and their cultural impact	I recommend you also ask this question on /r/newsokur, which is largest of the subreddits with a mainly Japanese userbase. They don't have as high standards on answers as there are here, but you might get good responses. People mainly use Japanese there, but presumably you can read it.	[ "India has a long history of board games. You hear about these from the times of the Mahabharata and the Mughal empire. Some of the popular board games that originated from Indian Traditional games include Chess (Chaturanga), Ludo (Pachisi) and Snakes and Ladders (Moksha-Patamu).\n", "Traditional games of Korea (...
if the devil is evil, wouldn't he reward the sinners who end up in hell? and if he punishes sinners in his domain, doesn't that make him a good, moral deity?	People generally get confused on the notion of the Devil because Christianity has actually merged three different entities into one evil personification. In the Bible, you have the Serpent, the Adversary named Ha-Satan and Lucifer, fallen Archangel. The Serpent's main reason for being included in this is because he ...	[ "Souls deemed unworthy are sent into the hand of Lucifer. Sinners, whose deeds are not described in detail, are assigned to various punishments. Among the sinners are those who held and misused religious office. Clergy who break their vows are regarded as impostors, and every hour they are borne upward toward the c...
what is heat and/or energy?	All matter, including air, is composed of very tiny particles called atoms. Sometimes the atoms are joined together in groups called molecules. Atoms and molecules can have two kinds of motion, ordered and disordered. An example of ordered motion would be a baseball bat being swung; all the molecules in the baseball...	[ "In engineering contexts, the term \"heat\" is taken as synonymous to thermal energy. This usage has its origin in the historical interpretation of heat as a fluid (\"caloric\") that can be transferred by various causes, and that is also common in the language of laymen and everyday life.\n", "Heat is energy tran...
Did the mass bombing of German cities help bring the war in Europe to an earlier close?	The US Strategic Bombing Survey [concluded that](_URL_0_): > The German experience suggests that even a first class military power -- rugged and resilient as Germany was -- cannot live long under full-scale and free exploitation of air weapons over the heart of its territory. By the beginning of 1945, before the inv...	[ "At the beginning of World War II, bombing of cities prior to invasion was an integral part of Nazi Germany's strategy. In the first stages of war, the Germans carried out many bombings of towns and cities in Poland (1939), including the capital Warsaw (also bombed in 1944), with Wieluń being the first city destroy...
Can anyone recommend a good biography of Stalin?	Simon Sebag Montfiore wrote a two-volume set on Stalin a couple years ago. Young Stalin is exactly what it says, all about Stalin from birth until the October Revolution. Its very easy to read, almost like a novel at times, and has a lot of information in it (its some 500 pages). That was the second book Montfiore ...	[ "Stalin, a biography of Joseph Stalin by Edvard Radzinsky, reflects details from Russia's secret archives. The book provides new insights into Stalin's career, as the author gained access to previously unavailable Russian archives.\n", "The Stalin biography made Deutscher a leading authority on Soviet affairs and...
american primaries	The final, official Democratic selection will be decided at the Democratic National Convention on July 25-28. The final Republican selection will be decided one week earlier at the Republican National Convention. Between now and then, all 50 states will hold elections for both the Democratic and Republican parties. Pa...	[ "The 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries and caucuses were a series of electoral contests that took place within all 50 U.S. states, the District of Columbia, and five U.S. territories between February 1 and June 7, 2016. Sanctioned by the Republican Party, these elections selected the 2,472 delegates that...
Is it a coincidence that the first two humans in the Bible is called Adam and Eve and the first two humans in norse mythology is called Ask and Embla?	Keep in mind that we're not 100% certain about the accuracy of Snorraedda as a mythological source, considering the heavily euhemerized and Christianized Prologus, and the very clear Christian parallels in Vǫluspá, from where the story of Askr and Embla comes. While it's very likely that Vǫluspá is pre-Christi...	[ "The majority of Islamic scholars, including Yasir Qadhi, believe that Adam and Eve were supernaturally created through a miracle by God, though some modern scholars like Mohamed Ghlian have instead asserted that the pair evolved naturally from a common ancestor.\n", "Sometimes mitochondrial Eve is assumed to hav...
what is happening with the indian ruppee?	India is a developing country and is trying to modernize their infrastructure. However, when more money is invested into infrastructure than justifiable, returns are lower and foreign investors pull their money out of the Indian economy lowering the value of the rupee. A drop in currency value is not usually due to jus...	[ "BULLET::::1. BackoffIndia is a Twitter hashtag and social media campaign against the supposed \"intervention\" of India in Nepal's affairs and the supposed \"blockade\" of Nepal. It was used by Nepalese around the world to accuse India of interfering in the country’s internal matters. As of 12 December 2015, more ...
Why is history education not more important in school?	Why do you think your personal experience is universal? You should state when, where, and who taught you (not literally, but do consider you might have just had a shit teacher). Much modern history pedagogy (in the UK) is moving away from the individual's experience to focus on social groups and culture, but again I d...	[ "From the origins of national school systems in the 19th century, the teaching of history to promote national sentiment has been a high priority. In the United States after World War I, a strong movement emerged at the university level to teach courses in Western Civilization, so as to give students a common herita...
Why is it so hard to have correct calibrated screens? Why can't this be done in the factory?	The factory doesn't know how bright or what color temperature the lighting in the room you're sitting in will be. The only way the factory could calibrate perfectly would be if they calibrated the monitor to display correctly in a pitch black room and you used it only in a pitch black room. This is essentially what hap...	[ "Standard calibration tests will use linearity and repeatability as a calibration guideline as these are both used to determine accuracy. Calibration is conducted incrementally starting working in ascending or descending order. For example, if you have a 60 tonne load cell, then you way use specific test weights th...
what is the difference between the 'same' graphics cards	NVIDIA makes the main graphics chip for the graphics cards, but they also require a lot of other chips and stuff like RAM and power delivery regulation. So it requires those, which all come together to form a graphics card. NVIDIA however doesn’t particularly want to be the one to deal with customers, so they sell the...	[ "Some graphics cards can be linked together to allow scaling of the graphics processing across multiple cards. This is done using either the PCIe bus on the motherboard, or, more commonly, a data bridge. Generally, the cards must be of the same model to be linked, and most low power cards are not able to be linked ...
How did the european colonial empires survive WW1 but not WW2?	It is a fairly prevalent view now that European colonial Empires saw the beginning of their end come after WW1, though obviously they were to actually grow larger in the post war settlement. I also want to say that Empires were large and complicated entities and I would not claim to know the exact reasons why they fell...	[ "The major European empires consisted of the following colonies at the start of World War I (former colonies of the Spanish Empire became independent before 1914 and are not listed; former colonies of other European empires that previously became independent, such as the former French colony Haiti, are not listed)....
what determines the ending of road names? (ave, st, rd, trl, blvd, etc...)	For a very good answer, I recommend you read /u/acidnisibannac's response to a similar question [here](_URL_0_). I'll TLDR it in case cannot be bothered to read it. TLDR; A bunch of historical context goes into the names, plus cities/towns will use whatever name they think sounds nice.	[ "The city's streets lie on a grid system, with four quadrants (NW, NE, SW and SE). All streets are numbered, except for a few major thoroughfares, many of which are named for the towns they lead to (such as Waldo Road (SR 24), Hawthorne Road (SR 20), Williston Road (SR 121/SR 331), Archer Road (also SR 24) and Newb...
Why has lamb consumption been historically lower in the United States?	This askhistorians thread from 4 years ago may answer your question. _URL_0_	[ "Since the 1960s, per capita consumption of lamb and mutton declined from nearly 5 pounds to just about 1 pound, due to competition from poultry, pork, beef, and other meats. Since the 1990s, U.S. sheep operations declined from around 105,000 to around 80,000 due to shrinking revenues and low rates of return. Accor...
How did the Mongols keep their horses fed on campaign?	Most of the major campaigns took place in predominanantly prarie ecosystems. Almost everywhere the armies went was surrounded by fields of grass and grains. The mobility of the army allowed almost constant movement to find new fodder for the animals, and driving livestock along with the army allowed the soldiers to eat...	[ "Mongolian horses have long been used for hunting, which was viewed as both a sport, a means of livelihood, and as training for military ventures. Animals like gazelles were taken with bow and arrow from the backs of horses, while other game was rounded up by mounted riders. To the Mongols, the tactics used in hunt...
how a hydraulic press/arm works	Hydraulic presses work by pressurizing a fluid. The pressurized fluid seeks to expand which causes it to push against the walls of its container. In a piston one of the walls moves with less resistance than the others. The pressurized fluid pushes against the easy wall causing the piston to expand, in turn moving the a...	[ "Pushrods are long, slender metal rods seated within the engine block. At the bottom ends the pushrods are fitted with lifters, either solid or hydraulic, upon which the camshaft, located within the cylinder block, makes contact. The camshaft pushes on the lifter, which pushes on the pushrod, which pushes on the ro...
- what exactly did wall street bankers and executives do that caused the recession?	1) Wall Street quants created exotic instruments that were backed by mortgages, which 2) Created incentives for banks to generate more mortgages, which 3) Caused bankers to lower their requirements for getting mortgages, which 4) Lead to more people getting mortgages than should reasonably have gotten them, whic...	[ "In a 2009 speech, former chairman of the Federal Reserve Board, Paul Volcker, credited compensation practices in the financial industry that \"spurred\" executives \"to aim for a lot of short-term money without worrying about the eventual consequences\" as one of two factors in particular that contributed to the G...
why is thunderbolt so expensive and why don't we see cheap chinese knockoff like with usb	if I remember correctly thunderbolt is made by intel [this is the display port type, although you may be referring to lightning port (i-devices) which is the same answer anyways] Both Apple and Intel have relatively new patents on these units, and with my personal knowledge on both these ports, they are oddly complex ...	[ "Although Thunderbolt has initially had poor hardware support outside of Apple devices and has been relegated to a niche gadget port, the adoption of the Thunderbolt 3 using USB-C connector standard into a wide array of hardware bodes well for market acceptance of the standard, besides that it will become part of U...
How much of the American Revolution was idealism (the American Enlightenment) versus self-interest?	This is a bit of a difficult question to answer, as it is always impossible to disprove an overall skepticism towards an idea. Maybe the Founders where just "pretending" and really had selfish goals. However, I think there are two things that lend evidence towards the non-cynical viewpoint. The first is what the foun...	[ "Since the 1960s, historians have debated the Enlightenment's role in the American Revolution. Before 1960 the consensus was that liberalism, especially that of John Locke, was paramount; republicanism was largely ignored. The new interpretations were pioneered by J.G.A. Pocock who argued in \"The Machiavellian Mom...
why air moves in planet earth?	When the sun heats parts of the world, it causes the air in those parts to expand, causing movement. When air cools down, it contracts creating vacume.	[ "As the Earth turns around its axis, everything attached to it, including the atmosphere, turns with it (imperceptibly to our senses). An object that is moving without being dragged along with the surface rotation or atmosphere such as an object in ballistic flight or an independent air mass within the atmosphere, ...
we have free wifi on trains, ships, buses, metros etc. what makes it so difficult to have free wifi on airplanes?	Demand plays a huge role: there is virtually no competition for data services in flight, so a airline can charge what they want. Most airline passengers who want/need the service could be willing to pay for it.	[ "They also have WiFi routers which are powered by Sun Broadband, because they believe that the passengers will be happy if they are not bored, and they will never be bored because of the free WiFi service. Some of the passengers can watch multimedia sites, like YouTube and Dailymotion, update their status in the to...
Why did Talleyrand support the restoration of the Bourbons? It seems like people would have enough issues trusting him given how often he would betray who he worked for and considering he already betrayed the Bourbons once wouldnt he have been worried about them being even more suspicious of him?	Part of the answer lies in the fact that although Talleyrand was an important early collaborator and part of the Napoleonic state apparatus, his relationship with Napoleon was increasingly strained after the latter declared himself emperor. Talleyrand felt that Napoleon's territorial aggrandizement was too excessive an...	[ "When Paris fell and the Bourbons reclaimed the throne, Ney, who had pressured Napoleon to accept his first abdication and exile, was promoted, lauded, and made a peer by the newly enthroned Louis XVIII. Although Ney had pledged his allegiance to the restored monarchy, the Bourbon court looked down on him because h...
can anyone explain why motion occurs if the reaction is opposite and equal?	> if the reaction is opposite and equal? Because it is upon different objects. If I push a box, the box pushes me just as hard. But me and the box are not the same mass, and so the result of the push is not equal.	[ "As described by the third of Newton's laws of motion of classical mechanics, all forces occur in pairs such that if one object exerts a force on another object, then the second object exerts an equal and opposite reaction force on the first. The third law is also more generally stated as: \"To every action there i...
how can cybercriminals like people behind ransomware stay anonymous when receiving money?	receive it in an international account that's opened in someone elses name in a country that doesn't require exorbitant security measures to identify the account holder.	[ "BULLET::::- In August 2012, the FBI also issued a warning that scammers were taking advantage of MoneyPak's untraceability to coerce unwitting victims into paying a \"ransom\" to unlock their computers infected with malware. AVG Technologies notes that in some cases (like the FBI scam), criminals are using malware...
how or why did the look of success and health change from being fat in the 16-1800s to being trim and having muscles in the 1900s?	Before, it was too easy to under-eat. Now, it's too easy to over-eat.	[ "In the 19th century and the beginnings of the 20th century, the main concern among nutrition experts was that people, especially poor laborers, were undernourished, and the main goal was to find inexpensive ways to supply enough food energy. Especially after World War One, the main concern among women, and the mai...
how are people able to track hackers ie: where they are, who they are, etc	This is part of digital forensics and is kind of like asking 'how do you know that this person murdered this other person without actually witnessing it?'. You can narrow hacking down to 1) Physical access - someone having access to the machine in order to clone the data to another device or crack it at the location...	[ "Hackers will uncover the IP address of the targeted person through interception software. They can also uncover personal information by discovering the Internet Services Provider of the IP address. Installing spyware and virus to the computer could misappropriate personal information either easily.\n", "A hacker...
If we could swap orbits of Mars and Venus, which planet would be hotter?	This is actually a really difficult question. Let's talk for a moment about "Equilibrium Temperature". The Equilibrium Temperature is how hot you'd expect a planet/moon to be if it's only absorbing sunlight, then re-radiating infrared as a perfect blackbody. This estimate is easy to do, but only works well for bodies ...	[ "Ultimately, the Solar System is stable in that none of the planets are likely to collide with each other or be ejected from the system in the next few billion years. Beyond this, within five billion years or so Mars's eccentricity may grow to around 0.2, such that it lies on an Earth-crossing orbit, leading to a p...
why do my nipples get hard when i eat spicy food?	Wait, does this work for girls too?	[ "Breasts, and especially the nipples, are erogenous zones. Nipple stimulation may result in sexual arousal, and erect nipples can be an indicator of an individual's sexual arousal. The individual's sexual partner may find such erection erotically stimulating. A survey in 2006 found that sexual arousal in about 82% ...
If a person lays in bed, eyes closed, not moving but still awake. Does that person get any rest comparable to sleeping?	The problem with the question is the imprecision of terms. The way I think of it, you rest because you are tired and you are tired because you have run around all day. You sleep because you are sleepy and you are sleepy because you have been awake a long time (plus the effect of circadian rhythms). So you are asking...	[ "Although sleepwalking cases generally consist of simple, repeated behaviors, there are occasionally reports of people performing complex behaviors while asleep, although their legitimacy is often disputed. Sleepwalkers often have little or no memory of the incident, as their consciousness has altered into a state ...
Can some people be naturally immune to a virus without ever contracting or coming in contact with it before (vaccines included)?	Yes, for instance there are people who are naturally immune to HIV because they have various mutations that prevent HIV from getting a foothold. It may turn out that some people are similarly immune to the COVID virus for similar reasons, but it’s too early to know. But for most people with most viruses, immunity hap...	[ "When a population has not had contact with a particular pathogen, individuals in that population have not built up any immunity to that organism, and have not received immunity passed from mother to child. Epidemiologist Francis Black has suggested that some isolated populations may not have mixed enough to become...
Why exactly do we not feel the acceleration of free fall?	When you're in free fall, every single particle in your body is being accelerated at the exact same rate, so there's no extra force between parts of your body. Therefore, you don't feel any force acting on you. Free fall is physically equivalent to being in orbit. If you were in a sealed box, there is no experimen...	[ "In typical free-fall, the acceleration of gravity acts along the direction of an object's velocity, linearly increasing its speed as it falls toward the Earth, or slowing it down if it is moving away from the Earth. In the case of an orbiting spacecraft, which has a velocity vector largely \"perpendicular\" to the...
what exactly are snipers doing when they adjust their shot for distance, wind, elevation, etc.?	The elevation means that you may need to compensate for bullet drop, but giving you placement and their placement, the bullet drop would mean that you wouldn't need to compensate much since the bullet would drop the same as the elevation. If the winds are blowing from the southeast, you need to aim towards the southea...	[ "Often in situations with multiple targets, snipers use relocation. After firing a few shots from a certain position, snipers move unseen to another location before the enemy can determine where they are and mount a counter-attack. Snipers will frequently use this tactic to their advantage, creating an atmosphere o...
why does testosterone make you lose hair on your head, but gain it on your body.	IT makes it grow on your body because it start triggering the secondary sexual charactesics (body hair being amongst them) it makes you lose the hair on your head becasue it interacts with a gene carried on the x chromosome which controls the devolpoment of hair on the head. (note as most men have only a single x and ...	[ "Body hair, or androgenic hair, is the terminal hair that develops on the human body during and after puberty. It is differentiated from the head hair and less visible vellus hair, which is much finer and lighter in color. The growth of androgenic hair is related to the level of androgens (often referred to as male...
what's with all the crickets and grasshoppers in the usa?	What's your question? Why are they here? Because each animal lives in a different climate. Crickets and Grasshoppers like the climate in the Eastern US. Go West of the Mississippi and you won't find crickets anymore.	[ "Almost all crickets farmed in the United States are \"Acheta domesticus\". The American cricket industry does not disclose its earnings; in 1989 Huber et al. estimated it at $3,000,000 annually. Most of these crickets were not pets, but fish bait and animal food. The largest shipment, of 445 metric tons, was repor...
why do 'bionic' hands/arms have such stilted and unrealistic animations, when this creepy robot puppet can have such natural fluid motion?	The robots movements are all computer controlled and preprogrammed. A limb is controlled by the user and has to make 100's of varying movements on the fly in real time, its the human/limb interface thats the problem, and yes alot of money is being poured into it. Just look at military research.	[ "Kevin Connor recalled, \"The reason we went for the hand puppets was for a more fluid look. Roger Dicken, who created the dinosaurs did such fine details and had the movement down so well that we went with him and used that technique. Also, we developed the use of a small VistaVision camera to shoot the dinosaur b...
why is a building called a building and not a built	Linguist here! I'd say it probably has to do with the process element to it. You see it with other nouns - like how a painter creates a painting or a writer produces writing: a builder produces a building. It's interesting though, I've never really considered WHY we'd refer to them in that way, but it fits the pattern...	[ "A building is a man-made structure with a roof and walls standing more or less permanently in one place. Buildings come in a variety of shapes, sizes and functions, and have been adapted throughout history for a wide number of factors, from building materials available, to weather conditions, to land prices, groun...
how do neurotoxins work?	TL;DR Neurotoxins screw up the chemicals that nervous cells use to communicate, making them not work right. Depending on the chemical, this can do a whole bunch of different stuff. First off, neurotoxins aren't just bad for your brain, they're bad for all neurons, which actually run all throughout your body. Qui...	[ "Presynaptic neurotoxins, commonly known as β-neurotoxins, affect the presynaptic regions of the neuromuscular junction. The majority of these neurotoxins act by inhibiting the release of neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine, into the synapse between neurons. However, some of these toxins have also been known t...
Book recommendations - clothing in the middle ages	I do not know of any good secondary sources on clothing in the middle ages. However, you may be interested in Jean de Joinville's, Life of Louis the Pious. He often describes what clothing people wore in his chronicle. Something that very few other chroniclers do.	[ "The unique decorated leather cover of the small Northumbrian St Cuthbert Gospel, the oldest Western bookbinding to survive unaltered, can be dated to 698 or shortly before. It uses incised lines, some colours, and relief decoration built up over cord and gesso or leather pieces. Larger prestige manuscripts had met...
who mops the floor in secret government facilities and bases?	Janitors are given the lowest security clearance but are usually given an unexpectedly large reign of being able to clean everywhere freely. Nobody ever expects a janitor to do anything.	[ "Deputy Inspector General of Prisons, shortened to DIG of Prisons or DIG Prisons, is a high-ranking official in the provincial prison service, usually the controlling officer or head of a region or circle of district, central, special and women jails/prisons, borstal institutions and remand homes within a province ...
what is the crisis in the dc universe, and why did it change so many heroes/villains?	"Crisis" is a word with a long history at DC Comics. The big one, though is Crisis on Infinite Earths (Infinite Crisis was a "sequel" 20 years later; yes this can be confusing). I'll give the short of it in the next paragraph; if you want the full explanation, read on beyond that. CoIE was a 12-issue miniserie...	[ "Because the DC Universe was revamped after the events of \"Crisis on Infinite Earths\", the previous continuity before that series (colloquially referred to as \"pre-\"Crisis\"\") was voided. Previously established characters were given the opportunity to be reintroduced in new ways. Reintroductions of classic vil...
how does a company like mcdonald's make their food taste exactly the same on such a large scale?	Highly controlled food quality, highly controlled cooking process, highly controlled preparation. That's one of their big selling points as a restaurant. It doesn't matter where you go... the food is the same. Not necessarily good (for you or otherwise) but its the same. A safe bet if you are new to the area.	[ "BULLET::::2. Calculability: America has grown to connect the quantity of a product with the quality of a product and that \"bigger is better\". The \"McDonald's model\" is influential in this conception due to providing a lot of food for not that much money. While the end products feed into the connection between ...
how does police jurisdiction work?	Police generally cannot enter another jurisdiction with approval from that jurisdiction and perform any police actions. This means that if you stab someone in New York City and flee to Miami, New York Police can't just chase you down the East Coast and arrest you. They can put out a warrant for your arrest that the Mi...	[ "The police is divided into police departments, which encompass the area of multiple municipalities; municipalities do not have police forces of their own. The function of each police department is to maintain general law and order, prevent crime, investigate crime and other events that threaten public order and sa...
Was Chaucer a Rapist?	Yes, Chaucer was a rapist. And he paid off his (known) victim to keep her quiet, and then he had his friends in government cover it up. Our source of this is a notation in a type of English administrative record called close rolls, basically an internal chancery set of records (pages stitched into rolls instead of bou...	[ "After a long list of works written earlier in his career, including \"Troilus and Criseyde\", \"House of Fame\", and \"Parliament of Fowls\", \"The Canterbury Tales\" is near-unanimously seen as Chaucer's \"magnum opus\". He uses the tales and descriptions of its characters to paint an ironic and critical portrait...
Why does warming oceans release CO2, while simultanously acidifying due to carbonic acid from CO2?	The article you've read is mostly right, but is missing one idea that's causing your confusion. Generally speaking, as you add CO2 to the atmosphere, a fraction of it dissolves into the oceans. However, CO2, like most gases, becomes less soluble in water as the temperature goes up. Combining these two ideas: in the ...	[ "The combustion of fossil fuels, land-use changes, and the production of cement have led to a flux of CO to the atmosphere. Presently, about one third (approximately 2 gigatons of carbon per year) of anthropogenic emissions of CO are believed to be entering the ocean. The solubility pump is the primary mechanism dr...
Why have we evolved the ability to smell very specific chemicals we would never have been exposed to during our evolution?	> For example, xylenes (magic marker smell) are very easy to identify by smell, and are structurally dissimilar to anything I would expect to find in nature in any amounts. I'm not sure how you could possibly make a blanket sweep like that about any particular structure, but xylenes are just a type of substituted b...	[ "Genes involved in detecting smell show strong evidence of adaptive evolution (Voight et al. 2006), probably due to the fact that the smells encountered by humans have changed recently in their evolutionary history (Williamson et al. 2007). Humans’ sense of smell has played an important role in determining the safe...
does a brown paper bag make any difference when it comes to us public drinking laws, or is that just a movie thing?	There is a scene in the wire that explains this. The theory posited is that it gives cops the ability to turn a blind eye. Otherwise they would spend all their time dealing with what is relatively a non issue today.	[ "The law also included a requirement to blur depictions of alcoholic beverages on television and in films, as was already done for cigarettes, and for bottles to carry health warnings similar to tobacco packaging warning messages.\n", "The law also included a requirement to blur depictions of alcoholic beverages ...
how big do waves in the middle of the ocean actually get?	5m height (so 10m peak to valley) is quite common, but since there are many different sized waves traveling at different speeds, sometimes they come together and you get a brief but very large wave. These ["rogue waves" can reach 20-30m in height](_URL_1_). Some things like [high speed ferries make rogue waves more co...	[ "Some of the largest ocean waves in the world are found in the north of the strait, at times over 170 metres, stemming from tides and ocean currents. These waves or currents are underwater and rarely break the surface, thus posing no danger to shipping but are sometimes visible to satellites. The oscillation is lar...
Were there ever beach landings of the scale and bloodshed of the likes of Normandy or Gallipoli during the age of gunpowder and sail, specifically the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars?	~~Napoleon's~~ The Directory's extremely ill-fated Expédition d'Irlande in the winter of 1796 attempted to land about 15,000 soldiers on the coast of Ireland, in the hope of linking up with United Irish rebels and causing enough of a ruckus that England would release Ireland from the United Kingdom. At least...th...	[ "On June 6, 1944, supported by an immense naval armada, Allied troops launch an amphibious invasion of Normandy, France. The first on the beaches were the \"storm troops\": French commandos, U.S. Rangers, British Marines backed up by Canadian and U.S. paratroopers. At \"Zero Hour\", the strategic and tactical air a...
What happened to Jews who renounced their faith during and before World War II?	Remember that, as far as the Nazis were concerned, being Jewish was not a matter of religion but of race. Not few followers of the Christian faith found themselves defined as Jewish or part-Jewish under the Nuremberg Laws because their parents or grandparents had a mixed-faith marriage. For the Nazis there was no thing...	[ "With the end of World War II in 1945, surviving Jews began to return to their homes although many chose to emigrate to the United States, Great Britain, and British-controlled Palestine. To some extent, the antisemitism of the Nazi regime continued in different guises. Claims of blood libel and persecution of Jews...
- why do boxers and other top sports stars have, and listen intently to, trainers and coaches that never reached their level?	There are multiple things that go into being a superstar in any field. The superstar is someone who can combine all these things. Their trainers will often have specific skills in one particular area but not the whole package. Moreover they will have skills that make them a good trainer that is not necessary for being ...	[ "As for boxing, it is widely known that daily gym sparrings in Philadelphia, the 'middleweight capital of the world,' were often as tough as most professional fights, the dividends of this approach were that 'Philly warriors' fought with incredible determination and ability to absorb punishment. For that reason som...
Can someone please explain the difference between sound intensity and sound pressure in laymans terms?	In simple terms, Sound Intensity is a measure of Power (per unit area) while Sound Pressure is a measure of Acoustic Potential (per unit volume). If you are familiar with electricity, then Sound Intensity is to Sound Pressure as Watts is to Voltage. To put it another way, sound intensity is the product of sound pressu...	[ "Physicists and acoustic engineers tend to discuss sound pressure levels in terms of frequencies, partly because this is how our ears interpret sound. What we experience as \"higher pitched\" or \"lower pitched\" sounds are pressure vibrations having a higher or lower number of cycles per second. In a common techni...
please eli5: corporate raiders	Well, it's possible for someone to take a company private and then manage it better, thus making a profit. But if you're talking about corporate raiders, normally these are people who are more interested in short-term profits than the long-term future of the company. There are different ways they can make money, but t...	[ "This method acts on completely fraudulent terms, and results in a higher punishment from the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA). Here, corporate raiders take ownership of a company on hostile terms, transfer the assets to their name, and then put the dilapidated firm into liquidation. This ensures that the corporat...
How did the Nazi propaganda machine spin the turning of the tide?	Modified from an [earlier answer](_URL_0_) > Enjoy the war, for the peace is going to be terrible- popular German joke in the last year of the war As the fortunes of war turned against Germany after the Battle of Stalingrad, German propaganda found an imperative need to readjust to this new reality. Prior to the m...	[ "The first large-scale and organised propagation of government propaganda was occasioned by the outbreak of war in 1914. After the defeat of Germany in the First World War, military officials such as Erich Ludendorff suggested that British propaganda had been instrumental in their defeat. Adolf Hitler came to echo ...
in english language, why some words use ‘more’ for comparative form instead of directly suffixing ‘-er’ with the word?	The convention is based on the length of the adjective, in syllables. One syllables: -er Over two syllables: more Exactly two syllables: it varies	[ "Comparatives and superlatives may be formed morphologically, by inflection, as with the English and German \"-er\" and \"-(e)st\" forms, or syntactically, as with the English \"more...\" and \"most...\" and the French \"plus...\" and \"le plus...\" forms. Common adjectives and adverbs often produce irregular forms...
drinking hard liquor before beer and not getting sick.	It's a myth. What's important is how much alcohol you drink, not what order you drink it in. The idea behind it is that if you're a little drunk already, it's a lot easier to go overboard if you're taking shots instead of drinking beers... taking 4 shots is a lot easier than drinking 4 beers, especially if you've bee...	[ "\"It is said that more beer was lost (wasted) when the furnaces, coal mines and iron-ore undertakings were being worked, especially at the start of the month, and on pay Saturday Night, than is being drunk now.\" (Unknown Author. 'A Glance at the History of Llwydcoed' Translated by D Williams and D L Davies.)\n", ...
Did the Peloponnesian war aftermath have an effect on other city states besides Athens and Sparta?	Short answer: hell yes it did. To say that the Peloponnesian War "caused much stress on all city states in the Aegean" is kind of the understatement of the century. It's rather a lot like saying that World War II caused a lot of stress on the populations of Europe and Asia. The Peloponnesian War completely swept away t...	[ "The resentment felt by other cities at the hegemony of Athens led to the Peloponnesian War, which began in 431 BC and pitted Athens and its increasingly rebellious overseas empire against a coalition of land-based states led by Sparta. The conflict ended with a victory for Sparta and the end of Athenian command of...
how do lawyers know which court cases to look for?	There are two main search engines which have full records and are annotated for easier searching. They can be expensive or very expensive to use, but that is the fastest search method early on. Once you get into a carrear, you know the key terms, you know the key cases, in the area you work on. Most lawyers are spec...	[ "Prosecutors usually make their decisions on evidence gathered by the police; in exceptional cases, by special investigative agencies. When a crime is reported to the police, a police docket is opened. The fruits of the investigation are all contained in the docket, in the form of\n", "Case documents can include ...
Do white clothes really reflect more heat?	> I was under the impression that only the infrared waves carry heat, which should mean visible colour is really zero indication of how "heat insulating" a fabric is, right? Radiated heat can come in the form of any part of the electromagnetic spectrum. However, most materials at room temperature radiate within the i...	[ "In tropical Australia, zinc-galvanized (silvery) sheeting (usually corrugated) do not reflect heat as well as the truly \"cool\" color of white, especially as metallic surfaces fail to emit infrared back to the sky. European fashion trends are now using darker-colored aluminium roofing, to pursue consumer fashions...
what makes something beautiful?	I watched a video about this a few months ago, searched a bit and found it for you :) I remember it making a lot of sense to me, and it's animated beautifully so that's a nice plus. _URL_0_	[ "The experience of \"beauty\" often involves an interpretation of some entity as being in balance and harmony with nature, which may lead to feelings of attraction and emotional well-being. Because this can be a subjective experience, it is often said that \"beauty is in the eye of the beholder.\" Often, given the ...
What place on Earth, if any, can one view the night sky in all its beauty, devoid of any and all light pollution?	Ayers Rock Australia. I never realized there were so many stars. Not much going on there.	[ "The sky is really nothing more than the denser gaseous zone of the earth’s atmosphere. Sky can be depicted as many different colors, such as a pale blue or the lack of any color at all, such as the night sky, which has the appearance of blackness, albeit with a scattering of stars on a clear night. During the day,...
why do dads tend to leave their family more than moms ?	I would look at it from different perspective. many marriages doesn't go as planned and a lot of them ends in divorce. When it comes to divorces law enforcement is bias to fathers, preferring keeping mothers with their children over the father. This leads to a lot of man getting partial custody over kids.	[ "Beside these new or dissolved groups, many single family units exist, some holding church service in kitchens or living rooms, some just read from the Bible. On their children´s side there is a weak, but growing tendency to leave, but still most hold to their parents and stay single because their parents separated...
British industrialization and the use of slaves	There's two parts to answering this question, one part being to note that there was still coerced labour, and the other part being to discuss why there wasn't more coerced labour. What coerced labour was there in Britain in the 18th and 19th centuries Britain did see coerced labour to some extent. For a start, th...	[ "\"Britain continued to import slaves to work the sugar plantations into the 1800s although anti-slavery campaigns were beginning to gain popularity in England. In 1807, Britain saw the abolition of the British slave trade, though the colony continued to use slave labour to work the plantations. It was not until 18...
how did we get the term for a magazine and didn’t just refer to them as a book?	“Magazine” originally meant “storehouse” or something fairly similar (sort of how gun magazines store bullets). The way we use it now comes from one of the very first magazines which was called the “Gentleman’s Magazine” (i.e. the “Gentleman’s Storehouse [of knowledge]”). The word spread and now we pretty much only u...	[ "At its root, the word \"magazine\" refers to a collection or storage location. It is a collection of written articles, essays, or stories. These are often accompanied by photographs or other illustrations. With some magazines the graphic content may be the primary focus instead of literary or news content. Magazin...
Why aren't solar panels made using magnifying lenses?	Actually such a scheme exists, even on an industrial scale, and is called [concentrated solar power](_URL_1_). The basic scheme is that you have some kind of a focusing mechanism (e.g. a large array of mirrors as shown [here](_URL_0_)), which collects sunlight over a large surface area and concentrates it to a much sma...	[ "Solar viewer (also known as solar viewing glasses or solar eclipse glasses) is special eyewear designed for direct viewing of the Sun. Standard sunglasses are unable to filter out eye damaging radiation. Solar viewers are required for safe viewing of solar events such as eclipses. The recommended optical density o...
why do we measure economic success based on growth, rather than other metrics?	There are a few reasons. 1. Changes in economic growth are correlated with really dramatic changes in the economy. Negative growth is strongly correlated with widespread unemployment 2. Related to number 1, we know what to do to if economic growth fails. We can run deficits, or lower interest rates. It's one ...	[ "Growth is usually calculated in \"real\" terms - i.e., inflation-adjusted terms – to eliminate the distorting effect of inflation on the price of goods produced. Measurement of economic growth uses national income accounting. Since economic growth is measured as the annual percent change of gross domestic product ...
how do the ubiquitous 'cardboard' milk cartons not leak the milk everywhere?	They are lined on the inside with plastic. The plastic layer is impermeable to milk and that's why the carton doesn't leak.	[ "In 1959, the food industry saw the advent of the use of paper-foil-plastic laminated containers called tetrahedron. In 1962, a Swedish company, Tetra Pak, introduced this container to the United States market. They sold pasteurized milk and beverages in the containers. Roy Graves' company started sterilizing this ...
in what way do our troops actually keep us free?	Im going to assume you are a U.S citizen, and will be answering this question under that assumption. They dont. The United States has very rarely been under any threat that would impact the lives of those living in the U.S. The last time there was even the slightest chance of any threat to the U.S government was WWI w...	[ "When a unit disperses, individuals who avoid capture may continue to resist the opposing force, e.g. by joining or forming a resistance movement, but this resistance is no longer \"organized resistance\" in the military sense.\n", "Henderson states that some soldiers may experience the urge to desert their dutie...
what are servers, networks, services and clients?	* server -- a computer that sits around waiting for clients to connect from multiple locations * client -- a program used to connect to a server * service -- what the server does for the client * network - the wires, radio waves and intermediary compuiters that connect the client and server together Google has a bunch...	[ "In computing, a server is a computer program or a device that provides functionality for other programs or devices, called \"clients\". This architecture is called the client–server model, and a single overall computation is distributed across multiple processes or devices. Servers can provide various functionalit...
what happened at the end of the dragon ball series?	To clarify, Dragon Ball, Dragon Ball Z, and Dragon Ball GT are three distinct series and the ending you are describing with the character "Uub" is the end of the Dragon Ball Z series. Goku Jr. is a character not introduced until Dragon Ball GT. After the defeat of Kid Buu in the Buu Saga: "At the World Martial Arts T...	[ "The series initially concluded with the finale of the Cell arc, as opposed to including the Majin Buu arc. It was originally planned to run 98 episodes, however, due to the Tōhoku offshore earthquake and tsunami, the final episode of \"Dragon Ball Kai\" was not aired and the series ended on its 97th episode in Jap...
how does the american highschool system work and how difficult it is?	High school in the US is grades 9-12. In general you will be 14 at 9th grade and you will be 18 when you graduate. If you are going to public school (In the US that is the government run schools) then you will be assigned a school district based on where you live. Sometimes if you live at the border of a school distr...	[ "The middle school is set up to adjust students further into high school life. While students freely change classes as in an American high school, five of their eight daily classes are all with teachers who teach on a team. These five teachers teach the same set of students on a \"team\" so that students will have ...
why do people like historic buildings with dated systems rather than new developments that would have new systems and green technology?	Beauty, craftsmanship and history?	[ "BULLET::::- Older cities such as Chicago and San Francisco have \"historic preservation\" policies that sometimes offer more flexibility for older buildings to be used for purposes other than what they were originally zoned for, with the aim of preserving historic architecture\n", "Eco-positive retrofitting is a...
How easy would it have been for an English speaker in the early Medieval period ( around the 12th century) to communicate with Dutch and German speakers?	12th Century? Pretty difficult. The Old English period goes on for a little bit after 1066, but then you start to see Middle English-isms creeping into the texts. (see the Peterborough Chronicle vs The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle) Old English was very similar to Old Saxon, which was spoken in Northern Germany. It's so simil...	[ "At the beginning of the 11th century, the English language did not have a well-defined status. The inhabitants of Great Britain did not have a common language with which they could clearly communicate. Instead, there were many different Germanic dialects in use which existed under diverse dialect continuums. \n", ...
At the dawn of World War I, the Great Powers were willing to go to war but also hoped that their would-be opponents to back down. Is it possible to rank which countries wanted war the most versus which ones wanted peace?	It would be nearly impossible to answer this in any reasonable way.	[ "In his 1969 book \"War by Timetable\", Taylor examined the origins of the First World War, concluding that though all of the great powers wished to increase their own power relative to the others, none consciously sought war before 1914. Instead, he argued that all of the great powers believed that if they possess...
Where did the art style of 1930s cartoons come from and why is every so dreamlike and trippy?	Could you provide some examples?	[ "The loose, improvisatory animation, frequently surreal action generally termed \"The New York Style,\" (particularly in films such as \"Snow White\" and \"Bimbo's Initiation\"), grungy atmosphere, and racy pre-Code content of the early Fleischer Studios cartoons have been a major influence on many underground and ...
Is it true that no one has observed the earth rotating around the sun?	Well motion is entirely relative, so you can pretty much define any point you like and declare the universe to be rotating around it. However, only a few such reference frames have any practical meaning. The advantage to the heliocentric model--and generally, to centering any n-body system on its rough center of mass ...	[ "Today, it is known that the opposite is true: the Earth goes around the Sun. The Aristotelian and Ptolemaic ideas about the position of the stars and Sun were disproved in 1609. The first person to present a detailed argument that the Earth revolves around the Sun was the Polish priest Nicholas Copernicus, in 1514...
why do so many different ancient myths base their understanding of gods on the planets and stars?	The things in the sky were among the greatest mysteries to ancient people, because they could be constantly be seen yet never touched, and because they had the power of light which was mysterious, and because the movement of the stars clearly went along with the seasons which controlled a lot of life.	[ "As well as certain constellations and the Sun itself, individual stars have their own myths. To the Ancient Greeks, some \"stars\", known as planets (Greek πλανήτης (planētēs), meaning \"wanderer\"), represented various important deities, from which the names of the planets Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn...
Modern versions of the Spartacus tale generally portray him as fighting to free all slaves everywhere because owning a another human as property is wrong. Would his motivations have been so altruistic or is this something that has been added to appeal to our current sense of morality?	What Tiako said about the lack of evidence is true, but we do have enough information to make an educated guess, and the short answer is propbably not. Slavery in the ancient world did not have the same character that it does in the modern world. When stuyding the ancients it’s important to set aside our notion of slav...	[ "Some texts mention both slaves and helots, which seems to indicate that they were not the same thing. Plato in \"Alcibiades I\" cites \"the ownership of slaves, and notably helots\" among the Spartan riches, and Plutarch writes about \"slaves and helots\". Finally, according to Thucydides, the agreement that ended...
How does a vacuum pump operating in the ISS airlock work?	The pumps just reach about 10% of the station's pressure. The rest is vented to space. That can be achieved with a small, lightweight pump. Reaching a lower pressure would need larger pumps, and save only a little bit of gas. [One NASA website](_URL_0_) and [another](_URL_1_).	[ "Two oxygen and two nitrogen high-pressure gas tanks are attached externally to the airlock. These tanks provide a replenishable source of gas to the atmosphere control and supply system and oxygen for recharging the space suits (EMUs).\n", "The \"Quest\" Airlock consists of two segments, the \"Equipment lock\" t...
why do airlines still use ridiculously old printers at the airline gates? you know, the kind which makes a ton of noise and has the paper that's connected?	ah, it is very simple actually! Dot matrix printers have a very interesting property, and that is the ability to use carbon paper! Basically what this means is you can print out one sheet of paper with self-copying pages underneath and the separate them manually to give to the customer, which ensures all pages have exa...	[ "After the October 2010 cargo planes bomb plot, in which cargo containing laser printers with toner cartridges filled with explosives were discovered on separate cargo planes, the U.S. prohibited passengers from carrying certain printer cartridges on flights. The TSA said it would ban toner and ink cartridges weigh...
Why do berries keep better if you refrigerate them unwashed?	It comes down to moisture. If you run a package of raspberries under the sink then shake it dry, its still going to much wetter then it was when you bought it and it still has a decent amount of spores/bacteria on it. Mold and bacteria require moisture to grow.	[ "With conventional dehydration, berries can degrade in quality as their structure is very delicate and contains high levels of moisture. Strawberries were found to have the highest quality when freeze dried; retaining color, flavour, and ability to be re-hydrated.\n", "Post-harvest small fruit berries are general...
Relationship between band gap and color?	It's not only the band gap of a material which determines its color, there are tons of factors. So, you sort of have to take everything with a grain of salt. If a material has a sufficiently large band gap, visible light cannot be absorbed, because the photons don't have sufficient energy to knock an electron from va...	[ "Band gaps are essentially leftover ranges of energy not covered by any band, a result of the finite widths of the energy bands. The bands have different widths, with the widths depending upon the degree of overlap in the atomic orbitals from which they arise. Two adjacent bands may simply not be wide enough to ful...
why is it considered racist to be unable to tell different asian people apart	If somebody says, "Well, they all look alike," one might assume that person to be a closet bigot. But in all likelihood, he's simply being honest about a well known limitation that plagues people of all colors: we humans are notoriously poor at distinguishing between the members of races different from our own. This p...	[ "Stereotypes of Asians have been largely collectively internalized by society and these stereotypes have mainly negative repercussions for Asian Americans and Asian immigrants in daily interactions, current events, and governmental legislation. In many instances, media portrayals of East Asians often reflect a domi...
why is c placed before k in the english language? i.e. jack and not jakc?	> Middle English orthography was unstable, but when the sound /k/ appeared at the end of a syllable, two spellings tended to be used: > 1. If /k/ was preceded by a long vowel, it was spelled "k" (today's "like" used to be spelled "lik"). Adding "ke" at the end (like) is alater development. > 2. If /k/ was prece...	[ "By the 20th century, the \"k\" spelling was more popular in the United States, while the \"c\" variant was preferred in the UK. In the 1950s, when the American company IBM pioneered hard disk drive storage devices, it used the \"k\" spelling. Consequently, in computer terminology today it is common for the \"k\" w...
what are the differences between obama care and the american healthcare act?	From what I have seen, it will slowly end the Medicaid Expansion. this is the part of the ACA that helped low income people afford healthcare. It will allow "worse" plans to be sold to people who don't want to pay for the more comprehensive plans in the current ACA marketplace. This benefits younger, healthier peo...	[ "The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), commonly called Obamacare or the Affordable Care Act (ACA), is a United States federal statute signed into law by President Barack Obama on March 23, 2010. Together with the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, it represents the most significant gove...
how important does a person have to be before they are considered assassinated instead of just murdered?	the first paragraph of the [wikipedia article](_URL_0_) should be enough. Basically an assassination is a murder for some particular gain, often carried out by a third party. It's a pretty broad term.	[ "Most modern assassinations have been committed either during a public performance or during transport, both because of weaker security and security lapses, such as with U.S. President John F. Kennedy and former Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto, or as part of coups d'état where security is either overwhelmed...
how to pick the best first credit card and what all the interest rates, percentages, apr, etc actually mean.	The most important rule of a credit card is to be PUNCTUAL. Pay it off as soon as the bill comes in the mail or online, and always days before the deadline. The late fees adds up and it hurts. Most of the time, credit card loans are not worth it, so you dont need to worry about interest rates and whatever **as lo...	[ "Many credit card issuers give a rate that is based upon an economic indicator published by a respected journal. For example, most banks in the U.S. offer credit cards based upon the lowest U.S. prime rate as published in the \"Wall Street Journal\" on the previous business day to the start of the calendar month. F...
why solid state drives are better than regular harddrives? also, why are ssds limited in the number of cycles or something? is that bad?	By far and away the most substantial difference is right in the name. Solid state drive. Hard disks have spinning platters and arms mounted on servos that have to physically seek bits on the disk (see it in action [here](_URL_0_)). Solid state drives completely eliminate this and have zero moving parts. It goes wi...	[ "Solid-state drives (SSD) are a newer form of data storage which is gaining in popularity. The more common and traditional hard disk drive (HDD) is still the more widely used, but many gaming enthusiasts are turning to SSDs in favor of the advantages they offer over HDDs. Unlike HDDs, SSDs have no moving mechanical...
what exactly happens when you pass out from pain?	What occurs when you pass out from extreme pain is a form of what is known as vasovagal syncope. Syncope means to lose consciousness and vasovagal refers to effects on the vasculature/vessels (vaso-) from the Vagus cranial nerve (-vagal). When you experience sudden and extreme pain, the information is sent to an area...	[ "Janov describes \"Pain\" as the pain that does not hurt because, as soon as the person goes into it, it becomes simply feeling. Most of the suffering is in the blockage or repression, not the Pain itself.\n", "Pain is generally an unpleasant feeling in response to an event that either damages or can potentially ...
why do municipalities have both standard police forces and sheriff's offices/deputies?	> A vast majority of US counties have their own police departments Do they? My county has no police force other than sheriff's offices. Where are you that has a county police force AND a county sheriff's department? Or are you saying that local municipalities have their own cops, and thus there's no need for sherif...	[ "Texas: City marshals and deputy city marshals have, by law, the same authority as a municipal (village, town, or city) police officer. However, municipalities (like Fort Worth), that have both a police force as well as a city marshal's office, often utilize the police as the general law enforcement agency of the m...
on a given construction site, why are there usually 4 people standing around doing nothing or watching someone work, for every 1 person actually working?	The people that you see standing around doing nothing on a site 'doing nothing' are all working. Let's pretend that the crew is fixing an underground pipe, and name the crew members and their jobs. Normally a survey crew marks out where the pipeline is, and where other utilities should be. Now for the working crew...	[ "The term construction worker is a generic term and most construction workers are primarily described by the type of work they perform (their trade). While most construction workers learn on the job as an informal apprentice to an experienced tradesman, formal apprenticeship programs are common, particularly in dev...
why does burnt food generally have the same taste even if the foods are different?	All the complex and varied organic compounds making different foods tend all to decay into more or less the same basic blocks (i.e. charcoal and simple organic molecules) when overheated, giving the universal burnt taste. Think of it like ice sculptures - they can be of varied shapes, sizes and impressiveness, but the...	[ "A number of associations can aid a taster in conceptualizing the food. First, panelists can link two words together such as “charcoal” and “burnt.” This creates a heuristic so that foods with charcoal undertones are also linked with the word burnt. Oftentimes, multiple references are recommended to communicate a “...
Why is Uranium 235 the most used isotope in nuclear reactors?	For something to be used in fission reactions it has to be fissile which mening able to sustain a chain reaction. There are a couple of limitation to what is fissile: * The binding energy of the material must be lower than the fission products * Have a long half life so it does not decay * Release at least the same ...	[ "Uranium-235 is important for both nuclear reactors and nuclear weapons, because it is the only uranium isotope existing in nature on Earth in any significant amount that is fissile. This means that it can be split into two or three fragments (fission products) by thermal neutrons.\n", "The isotope uranium-235 is...
if water and electricity are renewable resources, why is it still considered wasteful to overuse them?	Electricity is a generated resource. A lot of the time you burn stuff to drive the turbines that make it.	[ "Renewable energy is naturally replenished and renewable power technologies increase energy security for the energy poor locales because they reduce dependence on foreign sources of fuel. Unlike power stations relying on uranium and recycled plutonium for fuel, they are not subject to the volatility of global fuel ...
[chemistry] Why is quartz glass amorphous and regular quartz crystalline if they are both Si02?	Because they are 2 different things, which reflect completely different cooling regimes and P-T environments. A silica melt needs to cool slowly to form quartz crystals. This normally happens at high temperatures and pressures, such as those provided by a magmatic chamber (or duplicated in a quartz crystal production ...	[ "Crystals may have a single optic axis, in which case they are \"uniaxial\", or two different optic axes, in which case they are \"biaxial\". Non-crystalline materials generally have no birefringence and thus, no optic axis. A uniaxial crystal (e.g. calcite, quartz) is isotropic within the plane orthogonal to the o...
[Psychology] How does "time heal all wounds?" Why do thoughts that bother us at one moment feel better over time?	This is most likely having to do with the [Recency Effect](_URL_0_). This effect states that when presented with a data set, you are more likely to remember the last data points rather than the ones in the middle. If you apply this effect to the loss of a family member, in the beginning you are quite devastated by the ...	[ "Time has a way of healing wounds or making them easier to look at to see if they've scabbed up. The guys came home from Vietnam and that's it? It doesn't end until these guys are absorbed into the mainstream and we deal with our feelings about it.\n", "\"Beginning with the lines, 'People say time heals all wound...
Are the different specialized parts of the brain easily defined physically, or do we just define them from activity we see in scans and other tests?	Its actually even more complicated than a physical versus functional distinction. Sometimes structures are defined physically, sometimes they are defined functionally, and sometimes they are defined using other criteria. Oftentimes brain areas defined in terms of their physical structure- either their gross anatomy or...	[ "Some of the major anatomical components of the brain are organized as clusters of interconnected nuclei. Notable among these are the thalamus and hypothalamus, each of which contains several dozen distinguishable substructures. The medulla and pons also contain numerous small nuclei with a wide variety of sensory,...

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