question stringlengths 3 301 | answer stringlengths 9 26.1k | context list |
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What happened to the Moroccans who fought on Franco's side? How were they treated in fascist Spain? | On page 92 of Anthony Beevor's Battle for Spain, an important note is made that Franco made the regulares honorary christians. On page 401 he depicts the victory parade where regulares took part.
In Preston's Spanish Civil War, the regularles were noted multiple times as being extremely loyal to Franco, ruthless tow... | [
"When Nazi Germany occupied France, Franco's politicians encouraged the Germans to detain and to deport thousands of Republican refugees to the concentration camps. 15,000 Spanish Republicans were deported to Dachau, Buchenwald (including the writer Jorge Semprún), Bergen-Belsen, Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg (among th... |
how do derivatives work? can they go bad and how so? | Because they're based on debts, and sometimes debts don't get paid.
I loan my brother $10 and he agrees to pay me back $20 in a month. In the meantime, I come to you and say "I have this IOU for $20; if you give me $15 now, then when the $20 is paid it will go to you." I make $5 profit and get to realize that profit ... | [
"Derivatives can be used to acquire risk, rather than to hedge against risk. Thus, some individuals and institutions will enter into a derivative contract to speculate on the value of the underlying asset, betting that the party seeking insurance will be wrong about the future value of the underlying asset. Specula... |
Why are there are exactly 365.25 days in a year? | There aren't.
There are approximately 365.25 days, but the true value is something like 365.2422.
And actually, the earth's rotation is slowing down as well--by something like 0.00002 seconds/year--so the number of days per year is shrinking while the days themselves get longer.
365.2422 is indeed very close to exa... | [
"Because a tropical year is 365.24219879 days, and a synodic month is 29.53058868 days, the difference between nineteen solar years and 235 lunar months is only about two hours. Thus by adding seven intercalary months in nineteen years, the solar years and the lunar years basically synchronize.\n",
"There are 365... |
Why did the US give the USSR a lend lease six weeks before the invasion of Russia by Germany? Wasn't there a Red Scare going around with the invasion of Poland and the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact? | That didn't happen. The Soviets didn't get any Lend-Lease aid prior to the German invasion.
The Lend-Lease Act was signed in March 1941. It gave Roosevelt enormous discretion as to what could be sold or given and who it could be sold or given to. The bill stated the president had the power to: "sell, transfer title to... | [
"The United States program of lend-lease was extended to Soviet Union in September 1941, supplying planes, tanks, trucks and other war materials. Eventually the Soviets managed to slow the Wehrmacht's blitzkrieg, halting the Nazi offensive in December 1941 outside the gates of Moscow, in part because mobilized troo... |
If the average bicyclist rode for 2 hours about how much electricity would that provide? If you could harness it | Would depend on the person and the efficiency of the bicycle and generator. [These people](_URL_0_) claim that 60-100W is about normal, though I don't know how long the average person could sustain that.
Note that you can't harness the energy of normal bicycle riding. Any attempt to harvest power would mean the rider ... | [
"BULLET::::- The bike uses 2.12 megajoules (0.59 kWh), or roughly 7 U.S. cents' worth of electricity on a run down a quarter-mile drag strip, which is the same amount of energy stored in 65 ml of gasoline.\n",
"Note: The engine unit increased the weight of a cycle by 35 lb. It was claimed that it would propel a b... |
What happens in a rollover car accident? | I rolled a car once, when learning to drive. This was in the early '80s in the UK - no seatbelts.
I was going down a hill, no traffic, single lane, about 60mph. A family of rabbits were on my road on my side, so I drifted off right onto the opposite side to avoid them.
This was not as dangerous as it might sound, I... | [
"Another type of tripped rollover occurs due to a collision with another vehicle or object. These occur when the collision causes the vehicle to become unstable, such as when a narrow object causes one side of the vehicle to accelerate upwards, but not the other. Turned down guard rail end sections have been shown ... |
when and why pro gun culture became associated with god and christianity? | Well, I live in a very conservative, very pro-gun part of the country and I've never seen anything like that picture you mentioned so I can't comment on that.
As for why religious people might be more likely to own guns or support gun ownership, I'd say it has more to do with correlation than causation. Being Christia... | [
"Christians have held diverse views towards violence and non-violence through time. Currently and historically there have been four views and practices within Christianity toward violence and war: non-resistance, Christian pacifism, Just war theory, and the Crusade (Holy or preventive war). The early church in the ... |
How do human postures work? Why is it so difficult to consciously correct a bad posture ? | I'm going to chime in although reddit hates chiropractors.
TL:DR - Yes postural correction is possible but it takes a change in your daily lifestyle to be effective and long term. Don't sit.
Posture is something that is created through habit. Good posture is referred to as "neutral spine" with a cervical lordosis, th... | [
"Posture can be used to determine a participant's degree of attention or involvement, the difference in status between communicators, and the level of fondness a person has for the other communicator, depending on body \"openness\". It can also be effectively used as a way for an individual to convey a desire to in... |
what does the executive order that obama issued on dec 29, 2016 mean? | Looking at it, it basically blocks the dealing with certain people, and if they enter US soil regardless of status, they'll be detained and deported. | [
"The first executive order signed by U.S. President Donald Trump, executed just hours after he was sworn into office on January 20, 2017, was Executive Order 13765, titled \"Executive Order Minimizing the Economic Burden of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Pending Repeal\". The order set out interim p... |
why do showers have water too hot for any person to withstand? | It may be too hot to shower in, but it's the temperature needed for washing dishes/clothes/etc. There are plenty of uses for hot water besides washing your body, and some of those uses work better with very hot (hotter than you can stand) water. | [
"Since some hot tubs are not drained after each use it is necessary to treat the water to keep it attractive and safe. It must be neither too alkaline nor too acidic, and must be sanitised to stay free of harmful microorganisms. Partly due to their high water temperatures, hot tubs can pose particular health risks ... |
what's the difference between a sql and a nosql database? | SQL Databases are designed as a series of tables that are related to each other. They usually have a fairly rigid structure. The "S" in SQL is for "Structured".
NoSQL databases are usually thought of as a series of documents that have a much looser structure and relationship to each other. | [
"A NoSQL (originally referring to \"non SQL\" or \"non relational\") database provides a mechanism for storage and retrieval of data that is modeled in means other than the tabular relations used in relational databases. Such databases have existed since the late 1960s, but did not obtain the \"NoSQL\" moniker unti... |
What is the Theoretical Limit on the Energy Density of Ultracapacitors? | Sorry, I'm on mobule.
With the bare laws of physics, the limit is given by
E/m = c^2 = 90 billion MJ/kg
And now you are going to say: "That's not helpful!"
But it is. You see, take a spherical capacitor formula, C = constant x radius
Now, capacitance grows with radius, so you can just take a thin spherical shell with ... | [
"Sinautec is in discussions with MIT's Schindall about developing ultracapacitors of higher energy density using vertically aligned carbon nanotube structures that give the devices more surface area for holding a charge. So far, they are able to get twice the energy density of an existing ultracapacitor, but they a... |
If space is a vacuum, why do astronauts need insulated suits? | The temperature in space is effectively 4° K, so radiant heat loss is huge. Hence the insulation to keep your temperature up. Also, the radiant heat gain from the Sun when unshielded through the atmosphere is very high, hence the need for integrated cooling systems in the suits.
Last, pressure is a major issue. I... | [
"Spacesuits are required for astronauts to survive in space; they are the most essential piece of equipment with many features to help protect them from the dangers of space. Due to space being a vacuum, the suits are required to have oxygen, which is stored in tanks allowing astronauts to work or remain outside fo... |
why do alkalis make acids weaker? | Acid *strength* and acid *concentration* are two different things. Strength measures how much an acid or base will dissociate is water. Concentration measures how many H+ or OH- ions are currently in the water (or rather, it measures the proportion of those ions, also known as concentration.) What pH measures is concen... | [
"When a weak acid reacts with a weak base, the equivalence point solution will be basic if the base is stronger and acidic if the acid is stronger. If both are of equal strength, then the equivalence pH will be neutral. However, weak acids are not often titrated against weak bases because the colour change shown wi... |
Is there any species that could be completely eradicated from Earth and make little to no effect on any other life? | In Hawaii, there are a series of isolated valleys produced by volcanic action. Many of these valleys have their own unique species of fruit fly not found anywhere else. I suspect you could eradicate any one of these without much effect, and a neighboring species would fill in relatively quickly. | [
"Though the species has not been specifically evaluated to determine the amount of threat of extinction, it is known that the species is neither commonly seen nor very widespread in its habitat distribution. However, since the species is not commercially desirable for any purpose nor harmful to humans in any way, i... |
why it's rude to correct people | Freedom includes the Freedom to think you are right even when you are wrong. | [
"Failing to speak can also be rude: a rude person might pointedly ignore a legitimate and polite greeting or question to communicate disregard for the other person, or might fail to express appropriate thanks for favors or gifts by way of communicating either a sense of selfish entitlement or a disregard for the ef... |
why do american lawyers use "esq." after their name? | Nothing keeps ordinary people from using esquire. Using esquire can be used as part of a case establishing someone is practicing law without a license, which is illegal, but using it alone isn't enough to be a crime. There's nothing wrong with you using esquire, or anyone else. It just happens that lawyers are the p... | [
"BULLET::::- While the term \"Esquire\", abbreviated \"Esq.\" after the name (John Jones, Esq.), has no legal meaning in the U.S. and may be used by anyone (or at least, customarily, by any male), it is correctly used when addressing lawyers in correspondence as an indication of their profession. At least one Ameri... |
what does oj simpsons knife being found mean for oj simpson? | The ~~firth~~ frith amendment of the united states constitution forbids being tried twice for the same crime. It doesn't matter how much evidence we find that he committed the murder, we could find a video of it or selfies he took during the murder, it wouldn't be constitutional to try him again because he has already ... | [
"When the Simpson family go to an Australian pub, Bart plays with a pocketknife at the table and a man asks him, \"You call that a knife?\", and as the man draws a spoon from his pocket he says, \"This is a knife.\" The scene is a reference to a famous scene from \"Crocodile Dundee\", in which Mick Dundee is threat... |
the warsaw pact and nato | Basically if you are in NATO if you are attacked by another country all the other countries consider that an attack on themselves. NATO is more well known because the Warsaw Pact was disbanded and NATO is still running. Both were created for defense. | [
"BULLET::::- The Warsaw Pact was a collective defence alliance formed in 1955 among the Soviet Union and seven Soviet satellite states of Central and Eastern Europe during the Cold War. The Warsaw Pact was the military complement to the Comecon, the regional economic organization for the socialist states of Central... |
How Islamic was the Islamic Golden Age? | Going to r/worldnews to learn about Islam is a bit like going to stormfront to learn about Judaism.
The Arabs, before the advent of Islam, were considered to lack such value that neither the Romans nor the Persians even bothered to invade them. On the other hand, the Arabs looked at them as being invincible superpow... | [
"The Islamic Golden Age was a period of cultural, economic and scientific flourishing in the history of Islam, traditionally dated from the 8th century to the 14th century, with several contemporary scholars dating the end of the era to the 15th or 16th century. This period is traditionally understood to have begun... |
why is soil ph so important for determining which plants will grow best in the area? | In all of life, the chemical "work" is driven by enzymes which are protein [catalysts.](_URL_0_) Any single enzyme tends to have a narrow range of "preference" for pH for its optimal functioning, some will even "run backward" in adverse conditions of acid/base balance. Life depends on thousands of different enzymes eac... | [
"Soil pH is considered a master variable in soils as it affects many chemical processes. It specifically affects plant nutrient availability by controlling the chemical forms of the different nutrients and influencing the chemical reactions they undergo. The optimum pH range for most plants is between 5.5 and 7.5; ... |
Soviet war medals. Additional benefits? | To answer your question, we'll have to look at the law, which was voted on by the Council of People of the USSR and Central Excecutive Committee of the USSR in May 7th 1936. That law stated that those who won medals and orders would have to have a monthly bonus added to their salary, discount when paying the rent (anyw... | [
"The Medal \"For the Victory Over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945\" () was a military decoration of the Soviet Union established on May 9, 1945, by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR to denote military participation in the victory of the Soviet armed forces over Nazi Germany in t... |
how does glock get away with having a safety mechanism built into the trigger, instead of an external one like almost every other gun company? | Because they make an excellent handgun that people will buy. Not everyone is terribly concerned about having an external safety on a handgun. | [
"Glock pistols are designed with three independent safety mechanisms to prevent accidental discharge. The system, designated \"Safe Action\" by Glock, consists of an external integrated trigger safety and two automatic internal safeties: a firing pin safety, and a drop safety. The external safety is a small inner l... |
A mountain higher than the atmosphere? | Mountains on Earth will never be much taller than they are now. That is because at some point the weight of the mountain causes such enormous pressure that the base of the mountain will start to liquify and deform.
Planets with lower gravity can have higher mountains. A prime example is [Olympus Mons](_URL_0_), the... | [
"So cool air lying on top of warm air can be stable, as long as the temperature decrease with height is less than the adiabatic lapse rate; the dynamically important quantity is not the temperature, but the potential temperature—the temperature the air would have if it were brought adiabatically to a reference pres... |
Why in 1822 did Brazil gain independence in such a unique way? | * The Brazilian higher class wanted independence to get better deals. With the independence they could directly deal with other countries and not paying any kind of taxes to Portugal.
* Since there was this independence feeling, the house of Bragança (house of the king of Portugal and colonies) sent D. Pedro to negotia... | [
"Although the royal family returned to Portugal in 1821, the interlude led to a growing desire for independence amongst Brazilians. In 1822, the son of Dom João VI, then prince-regent Dom Pedro I, proclaimed the independence of Brazil on September 7, 1822, and was crowned Emperor of the new Empire of Brazil. Unlike... |
What were relations like between the Russian Tsardom and Ming China? | Exploratory.
In 1618-19, the ambassador Petlin was sent to Ming.
Count Kurakin sent Tomsk' teacher Petlin (who was fluent in several languages) and Madov, both siberian cossacks, plus retinue - in total 12 cossacks. They traveled together with the train of mongolian ambassador from Altyn-khan to China.
They starte... | [
"Prior to the establishment of the Zongli Yamen, the Court also supervised the empire's relation with Russia under the treaties of Nerchinsk and Kyakhta. Lifan Yuan was exclusively staffed with members from the Eight Banners. Lifan Yuan was the closest administrative office that the Qing dynasty had that would have... |
what actually prevents something from continuing to grow once matured and does any species max growth increase over the generations? | Genes usually stop growth when a pre-determined structure has completely formed. That is called determinate growth.
Indeterminate growth means that the animal will grow all throughout its life, this is common with fish, mollusks (squids) and reptiles. | [
"The age of advance growth is difficult to estimate from its size, as white that appears to be 2- to 3-year-old may well be more than 20 years old. However, age does not seem to determine the ability of advance growth of spruce to respond to release, and trees older than 100 years have shown rapid rates of growth a... |
Given that Roman Catholic Mass was in Latin until the Second Vatican Council, how well did the laity understand church doctrine? | I cannot speak to how much Latin Catholics would have been able to understand.
Regarding doctrine though, Mass is generally not for dissemination of doctrine for Catholics, it is a celebration of the eucharistic sacrament. Doctrine in the US was largely disseminated via various education initiatives and from the late... | [
"The objective of the Second Vatican Council was to produce a \"suitable and correct\" translation of the Bible \"especially from the original texts of the sacred books\". The preeminence of the Latin Vulgate in the Roman Catholic church up to that point was abandoned. That gave the catholic theologians the challen... |
How fast does dusk move? | 24,901 miles (40,075 km) Circumference of earth.
24 hours in a day
=1037.54 miles per hour | [
"Mean speeds vary greatly, but is typically around per day. There may be no motion in stagnant areas; for example, in parts of Alaska, trees can establish themselves on surface sediment deposits. In other cases, glaciers can move as fast as per day, such as in Greenland's Jakobshavn Isbræ (). Velocity increases wit... |
if you need x amount of calories and nutrients per day in order to stay healthy, why can't you eat one meal that has that x amount and be good for the rest of the day instead of getting hungry again although you've provided what your body needs already? | Your body isn't capable of efficiently processing and using 4,000 calories all at once.
After it's gotten the energy that it needs from the meal, it would start to turn the rest of it into longer term storage (fat). And that fat would indeed help your body subsist the next day if you ate nothing. But when your body ha... | [
"The calories a person consumes come from both the foods and drinks they eat and drink. The calories a person expends comes from their basal metabolic rate and their daily physical activity. When eating a healthy diet mainly composed of vegetables, lean meats, and fruits, the human body is very good at maintaining ... |
What exactly is the purpose of creating new elements, such as the superheavy element 117? | The goal of synthesising super heavies is to better understand the nucleus. There is a great deal about nuclear structure that we don't understand, and nuclei at the extremes of stability (such as super heavies, or very neutron rich or neutron deficient isotopes) provide excellent tests for nuclear models and are a bas... | [
"The quest for new elements is usually described using atomic numbers. As of 2010, all elements with atomic numbers 1 to 118 have been observed. Synthesis of new elements is accomplished by bombarding target atoms of heavy elements with ions, such that the sum of the atomic numbers of the target and ion elements eq... |
Monday Mysteries | Unsolved Crimes in History | This is a relatively minor historical incident, but I've always been particularly haunted by the Babes in the Woods case. In 1953, a park worker unearthed the skeletons of two children in Stanley Park in Vancouver. Items around the bodies included a hatchet, a woman's shoe, a child's belt, bracelet, cap and lunchbox, a... | [
"The story takes place in 1894, three years after the death of Sherlock Holmes. On the night of March 30, an apparently unsolvable locked-room murder takes place in London: the Park Lane Mystery, the killing of the Honourable Ronald Adair, son of the Earl of Maynooth, a colonial governor in Australia. He was in his... |
why can’t news stations be stopped from lying about things that can be fact checked? is misleading the public really protected under free speech? isn’t there a law about selling snake oil, per se? | Cable networks aren't scrutinized like Broadcast which are under FCC regulations. Therefore channels like Fox, CNN, MSNBC, and the likes can basically say whatever they want.
It's not just FOX either. Use the power of free thinking and explore all the news outlets you thought were trustworthy.
Question all the media ... | [
"In the United States, because of the broad protections granted by the First Amendment, with extremely limited exceptions, unless the media outlet is a party to the case, a media outlet cannot be found in contempt of court for reporting about a case because a court cannot order the media in general not to report on... |
why are popular movies released in the summer but most popular video games are released in the fall? | In the summertime, everybody is off from school and taking vacations so they have more time to go to the theatres to watch movies.
In the fall, Christmas is coming up so everybody can start begging their parents to buy it for them. | [
"The \"Los Angeles Times\" said the second-weekend drop was seasonal in the United States. Between May and July, the country's summer season, films have more significant drops than during the rest of the year. It reported that in May 2014, three opening blockbuster films—\"The Amazing Spider-Man 2\", \"Godzilla\", ... |
Can you have lone pairs in hybridized orbitals? | Correct, the lone pair would be in the sp2 hybridized orbital. Note that the p-orbital isn't empty - it's involved in the [double bond with carbon](_URL_0_) in the form of a pi-bond.
Other examples of lone pairs in hybridized orbitals include oxygen in water, where the two lone pairs are in sp3 hybridized orbitals, wh... | [
"Molecules with multiple bonds or multiple lone pairs can have orbitals represented in terms of sigma and pi symmetry or equivalent orbitals. Different valence bond methods use either of the two representations, which have mathematically equivalent total many-electron wave functions and are related by a unitary tra... |
Why do rotor blades or fidget spinners seem to spin the other way when they spin too fast? | This is a complex [stroboscopic optical illusion](_URL_0_) that basically occurs when the framerate at which a spinning object (especially one with radial symmetry) is perceived/recorded it different than the speed at which it is actually rotating. | [
"To achieve spin, the machine should be tilted to one side, and the wheels set to different speeds as per swing bowling. It will also probably be necessary to make the machine bowl significantly more slowly. The combined action of the spin imparted by the wheels, and the non-perpendicular axis of that spin will cau... |
I'm not smart enough to refute this refutation of climate change. Will somebody take a look at it? | There are a number of things wrong with this plot and the conclusions that are being drawn from it. Just for background, this data was obtained by combining a series of measurements of the lower troposphere, using the [methods described here](_URL_1_).
First, **the trendline does not show what they think it does**.... | [
"In an article for \"The Guardian\" newspaper, she wrote:\" \"Having to rein in extraordinary claims that the latest extreme event is all due to climate change is at best hugely frustrating and at worse enormously distracting. Overplaying natural variations in the weather as climate change is just as much a distort... |
Is it possible to medically erase memories from the human brain? Either a wholesale wipe or selectively? | "Wholesale wipe" - yes, it's better known as brain damage
"Selectively" - science fiction | [
"Memory erasure is the selective artificial removal of memories or associations from the mind. Memory erasure has been shown to be possible in some experimental conditions; some of the techniques currently being investigated are: drug-induced amnesia, selective memory suppression, destruction of neurons, interrupti... |
what happens if you carbonate alkaline water? | It all depends on the pH level of the alkaline water and how much you carbonate it, theoretically you should be able to (measuring everything) bring water back to a neutral pH, but this isn't just the case with mixing: you can put carbonated water in a pot and make it boil, all the carbon dioxide will go away leaving n... | [
"Carbonated water is formed by dissolving CO in water under pressure. When the partial pressure of CO is reduced, for example when a can of soda is opened, the equilibrium for each of the forms of carbonate (carbonate, bicarbonate, carbon dioxide, and carbonic acid) shifts until the concentration of CO in the solut... |
why hasn't an alternative for fuel been implemented yet? | Here's the deal. [Energy Density](_URL_0_) is how much energy can be stored in a given volume or mass. Gasoline has a fairly impressive energy density, almost 50 million joules per kilogram of fuel. So, a kilogram (2.2 pounds) of gasoline will give you about 18 horsepower for an hour.
There is simply nothing else that'... | [
"The Energy Policy Act of 1992 expanded the definition of alternative fuel to include liquefied petroleum gas, hydrogen, liquid fuels derived from coal and biological materials, electricity and any other fuel that the Secretary of Transportation determines to be substantially non-petroleum based and has environment... |
are vitamins supplements unhealthy/bad for you, or just less effective and more convenient? | If you are unhealthy and your body is repairing; from say injury or illness. Your body can use the vitamin supplements effectively.
If you're perfectly fine. Then those vitamins are basically just expensive pee. | [
"Vitamins are essential nutrients, necessary in the diet for good health. (Vitamin D is an exception, as it can be synthesized in the skin in the presence of UVB radiation, and many animal species can synthesize vitamin C.) Vitamin deficiencies may result in disease conditions, including goitre, scurvy, osteoporosi... |
why are semis that carry liquid cylindrical, and not rectangular? | Curved structures are mechanically stronger at storing contents under pressure. The pressure is pushing evenly of all sides of a curved surface, so they are less likely to burst. If you have lines or corners there is uneven distribution of load on the interior of vessel.
More info can be found here:
_URL_0_
| [
"Barrels which are also known as casks or tuns are primarily use for transporting liquids such as wine, water, brandy, whiskey, and even oil. They are usually built in spherical shape to make it easier to roll and have less friction when changing direction.\n",
"Similarly, spherical particles were used in early p... |
Are expressions instinctual? Would someone who grew up in isolation from society still smile when happy, frown when sad, etc.? | From [this wiki entry](_URL_0_):
> blind children also display emotions, proving that they are subconscious rather than learned. Other subcortical facial expressions include the “knit brow” during concentration, raised eyebrows when listening attentively, and short “punctuation” expressions to add emphasis during sp... | [
"Among humans, smiling is an expression denoting pleasure, sociability, happiness, joy or amusement. It is distinct from a similar but usually involuntary expression of anxiety known as a grimace. Although cross-cultural studies have shown that smiling is a means of communication throughout the world, there are lar... |
Did hunter-gatherers really have an easier life that (early) agriculturalist? Is civilization counterproductive to the average person happiness? | Happiness is subjective. One thing that is pretty clear however is the effect of diet. Hunter-gatherers generally lived longer than early agriculturalists and had healthier teeth. In fact tooth decay is a major marker for grain agriculture in archaeology (there is some debate on this point but the fact remains that ... | [
"\"[W]hen hunter-gatherers with growing populations depleted the stocks of game and wild foods across the Near East, they were forced to introduce agriculture. But agriculture brought much longer hours of work and a less rich diet than hunter-gatherers enjoyed. Further population growth among shifting slash-and-bur... |
why can a cancelled tv show find a new home on another network? | Pretty simple, they buy the rights to the show. If it's cancelled that usually means the company that owned them doesn't have faith in the show anymore. The company that buys it hopes they can turn it around. | [
"Network changes are uncommon occurrences; in most cases, pickup by a network is made conditional on giving that network the first opportunity to order additional seasons. Generally a network change will only occur if either the original network cancels the series, or the show's producers choose to move to another ... |
did exodus happen? were jews actually egyptian slaves or is total bullshit? | Currently, archeological work in the Sinai Peninsula was unable to find any evidence of the Exodus, they also failed to find records of the Israelites' bondage in Egyptian records. Currently, the theory is that Israelites were Canaanites who originated in the hill regions of Northern Canaan (They appears to have shifte... | [
"The story of the Exodus from Egypt, as related in the Torah, has shaped the Jewish people throughout history. Briefly outlined, the story recounts the experience of the Israelites under Egyptian enslavement, God's promise to redeem them from slavery, God's punishment of the Egyptians, and the Israelite redemption ... |
If a photon has mass, how can it travel at the universal "speed limit" (c)? | You are indeed missing something very basic. Photons *don't* have mass. Why did you think they did? | [
"Current commonly accepted physical theories imply or assume the photon to be strictly massless. If the photon is not a strictly massless particle, it would not move at the exact speed of light, \"c\", in vacuum. Its speed would be lower and depend on its frequency. Relativity would be unaffected by this; the so-ca... |
why do dead bodies float? | As a body decomposes, bacteria consume the internal organs and produce gases. After a while, there's enough trapped gas per kilo of solids to make the body less dense than water and thus buoyant. | [
"While a body floats on a liquid surface it still encounters the force of gravity pushing down on it. In order to stay afloat and avoid sinking there is an opposed force acting against the body known as the hydrostatic pressures. The forces acting on the body must be of the same magnitude and same line of motion in... |
Who preserves speeches and other documents for the American government? | The National Archives and Records Administration maintains the official records of the United States government.
The Library of Congress is responsible for collecting non-governmental materials, including books, music, film, television, and non-governmental archives. | [
"The museum services of the National Archives, fully entitled as the \"Legislative Archives, Presidential Libraries, and Museum Services\" oversees the Presidential library system and also maintains the \"Center for Legislative Archives\" which is concerned solely with records of the United States Congress, includi... |
What's the origin of CMB fluctuations? | This is an active area of research, but I believe they are thought to originate from the period of inflation a fraction of a second after the big bang.
Inflation also explains why if you look in two completely opposite directions, the CMB appears pretty much the same (those fluctuations are actually relatively tiny an... | [
"Big Bang cosmology makes many predictions about the CNB, and there is very strong indirect evidence that the cosmic neutrino background exists, both from Big Bang nucleosynthesis predictions of the helium abundance, and from anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background. One of these predictions is that neutrino... |
Does every pure chemical have a triple point? | Helium does not have a triple point.
As shown in [the phase diagram](_URL_0_), helium remains a liquid (as a superfluid) all the way down to absolute zero.
Now, it does have "lambda point" near 2 Kelvin and 60 atmospheres where a single point separate the solid, normal liquid, and superfluid states, but there is no ... | [
"In thermodynamics, the triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases and solid of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium. It is that temperature and pressure at which the sublimation curve, fusion curve and the vaporisation curve meet. For example, the triple po... |
why does the the thermostat need someone to direct it to either heat or cool the room? why isn't just providing the desired temperature enough for the system to figure it out itself? | Because that’s not usually a desirable feature. For example, I have my thermostat set to 65 and heat because it’s starting to get cold. If the temperature gets a little higher than that, I’m not going to complain, I just don’t want it to go lower.
The opposite is true in the summer. I’ll set my thermostat to 78 and co... | [
"A thermostat, when set to \"cool\", will only turn on when the ambient temperature of the surrounding room is above the set temperature. Thus, if the controlled space has a temperature normally above the desired setting when the heating/cooling system is off, it would be wise to keep the thermostat set to \"cool\"... |
what does it mean when the fed increases rates by 25 basis points to .75% | Interest rates will go up across the board, some places faster than others. Many people have mortgages and loans tied to the federal rate, so those will go up by 25 basis points pretty quickly. Saving accounts are not generally tied to the rate, but a higher rate should instantly make it easier for banks to raise savin... | [
"When the Fed ended the Quantitative Easing program in October 2014, the general opinion was the Fed is about to conduct multiple rate hikes in the year 2015. In contrast, Schiff predicted that the market cannot withstand even a minor interest rate increase, thus the Fed announcing a higher rate will be very unlike... |
why are most pencils painted yellow? why not a different color? | In the 1800s the best graphite came from China. In China the color yellow is associated with royalty and respect, so by painting the pencils yellow it conveyed that they came from China and had that esteemed nature. Of course a lot has changed since then but the norm of the yellow pencil remains. | [
"The majority of pencils made in the US are painted yellow. According to Henry Petroski, this tradition began in 1890 when the L. & C. Hardtmuth Company of Austria-Hungary introduced their Koh-I-Noor brand, named after the famous diamond. It was intended to be the world's best and most expensive pencil, and at a ti... |
why isn't beer sold as a syrup and added to carbonated water the way soda is? | And beer lovers everywhere cringed | [
"Carbonated water is a key ingredient in soft drinks: sweet beverages that typically consist of carbonated water, a sweetener and a flavoring, such as cola, root beer, or orange soda. Plain carbonated water is often consumed as an alternative to soft drinks; some brands, such as La Croix, produce unsweetened seltze... |
What makes animal eyes far superior when it comes to looking underwater? | [Many animals, like polar bears, have a second membrane that closes over their eyes underwater.](_URL_0_) Like built in goggles. (Like that scene in the beginning of Men in Black where Will Smith sees the alien blink twice, with two sets of eyelids) | [
"Aquatic animals must rely entirely on their lens for both focusing and to provide almost the entire refractive power of the eye as the water-cornea interface does not have a large enough difference in indices of refraction to provide significant refractive power. As such, lenses in aquatic eyes tend to be much rou... |
why are most republicans anti-decriminalization of drugs? don't they favor less government power? | Speaking in broad generalizations, republicans are against less regulation of business and enterprise, but more regulation of the individual. Someone who is for less regulation across the board would usually be called a libertarian. One way (not by any means the only or best way) is that a republican is someone who bel... | [
"Republicans have historically supported the War on Drugs, and oppose the drug legalization of any kind, believing them to be immoral and wrong, and that the country should do its best to protect people from illegal drugs, and support Just Say No. More recently, several prominent Republicans have advocated for the ... |
Where along the Milky Way is galactic central point? | As others have said, look in Sagittarius, which looks like a teapot. Once you've identified the "teapot" the center of the galaxy is actually just where the tea would pour out of the pot, more or less.
It's just not very bright in that direction to your naked eye because of the giant dust clouds that obscure our line... | [
"The Milky Way is a barred spiral, although the bar itself is difficult to observe from Earth's current position within the galactic disc. The most convincing evidence for the stars forming a bar in the galactic center comes from several recent surveys, including the Spitzer Space Telescope.\n",
"The Milky Way is... |
S Orbital has no node? | An electron that tunnels into the nucleus could be captured, if it would be energetically favourable, forming a neutron through reverse beta decay; a proton and the electron become a neutron and an electron neutrino is emitted. Normal beta decay involves a neutron becoming a proton alongside the emission of an electron... | [
"One limitation, nodes connected by odd branch orders must have identical node orders. If they do not, the group will create \"starry\" polygons, with overlapping element. So and are ordinary, while is starry.\n",
"Each node has a \"successor\" and a \"predecessor\". The successor to a node is the next node in th... |
how are the composition of stars and other planets atmosphere's determined? | One way that this is achieved is called spectroscopy. I'll do my best to explain like you're five. Then I'll go into a bit more detail after.
First for the 5 year old explanation
Every material in the universe emits certain colors of light when heated up. These colors are unique for each material, so they form a sor... | [
"A planet's initial atmospheric composition is related to the chemistry and temperature of the local solar nebula during planetary formation and the subsequent escape of interior gases. The original atmospheres started with a rotating disc of gases that collapsed to form a series of spaced rings that condensed to f... |
how did we go from lifeless atoms to animate singe cell “life” | Calls for speculation, try r/askscience for the latest theories | [
"These were the first human cells grown in a lab that were naturally \"immortal\", meaning that they do not die after a set number of cell divisions (i.e. cellular senescence). These cells could be used for conducting a multitude of medical experiments—if the cells died, they could simply be discarded and the exper... |
why does the us postal service have a .com web domain when it's a government-run agency? | They also have a .gov which redirects to the .com. The reason is because a lot of people will assume a .com for anything.
Honestly, I think they should have redirected the .com to the .gov, but a decision was made that the USPS would be seen as more in tune with business needs with the .com. | [
"An online post office is a commercial mail receiving agency that implements the concept of hybrid mail, enabling conventional mail to become electronic, or electronic correspondence to be printed and mailed at a remote location. As paper correspondence becomes inconvenient for businesses that are evolving to maint... |
why does the word "island" is written with an "s" that is not pronounced? | English is a conglomeration of other languages, and a pretty messy one at that. Plenty of words are pronounced differently than they're spelled. | [
"The word \"island\" derives from Middle English \"iland\", from Old English \"igland\" (from \"ig\" or \"ieg\", similarly meaning 'island' when used independently, and -land carrying its contemporary meaning; cf. Dutch \"eiland\" (\"island\"), German \"Eiland\" (\"small island\")). However, the spelling of the wor... |
why are so many school books portray christopher columbus as a hero, when in reality he killed and enslaved the native americans? | Because killing and enslaving is what a lot of heroes did in the 15th Century.
It was a very different era, and finding a technologically undeveloped nation and taking their stuff is what you did to get ahead. It was going on in Africa, it was going on in Asia, and it was even going on in Europe. To put things in pe... | [
"Journalist and media critic Norman Solomon reflects, in \"Columbus Day: A Clash of Myth and History\", that many people choose to hold on to the myths surrounding Columbus. He quotes from the logbook Columbus's initial description of the American Indians: \"They do not bear arms, and do not know them, for I showed... |
why do we cook food instead of eating it raw?? | Cooking food makes it have a lot more nutrition in it. Another way of saying that is we get more "food" out of food if it is cooked.
Cooking breaks up the food and makes it softer. It's easier to digest at every step. It's easier to chew. It's easier for your stomach to break it up. It's easier for your intestin... | [
"While many foods can be eaten raw, many also undergo some form of preparation for reasons of safety, palatability, texture, or flavor. At the simplest level this may involve washing, cutting, trimming, or adding other foods or ingredients, such as spices. It may also involve mixing, heating or cooling, pressure co... |
- why do my muscles ache/hurt after working out.. like what's going on that causes the pain/soreness/discomfort? how can it not be detrimental? | essentially when you work out you are literally "tearing" your muscles open all over the place on a small scale.
the aches and pains are caused by this as your body is helping to regenerate those tears to create new muscle mass.
that's why it's good to eat lots of protein based foods after workout (protein shakes etc... | [
"Physical exercise may cause pain both as an immediate effect that may result from stimulation of free nerve endings by low pH, as well as a delayed onset muscle soreness. The delayed soreness is fundamentally the result of ruptures within the muscle, although apparently not involving the rupture of whole muscle fi... |
Will we see accents vanish eventually due to increasing global communication/connectivity? | First off, we need a working definition of "accent", "dialect", and "language".
Linguists have been trying for quite some time, but no one has come up with any universally accepted definition of "languages" that would exclude "dialects", and vice versa. Instead, the division between language and dialect is often made... | [
"The biggest problem regarding non-native English speakers' transmissions is speech rate. In order to understand alternative and unfamiliar accents, people's rate of comprehension and response slows down. Accents also affect transmissions because of the different pronunciations across languages. Some of the earlier... |
Why does it take several days after exposure to poison ivy for a rash to form? What is happening in our skin that there's such a long delay? | Poison ivy reactions are allergic reactions. Allergies form by your body creating antibodies to a protein after first exposure that then result in rashes and flu like symptoms on next exposure.
Since the oils from poison ivy are difficult to fully remove, it just takes a few days from initial exposure to your immune ... | [
"The rash takes one to two weeks to run its course and may cause scars, depending on the severity of the exposure. Severe cases involve small (1–2 mm), clear, fluid-filled blisters on the skin. Pus-filled vesicles containing a whitish fluid may indicate an infection. Most poison ivy rashes, without infections, will... |
Are there any good books on the Korean War? | There sure are. Four I would strongly recommend are:
- *Enter the Dragon: China's Undeclared War Against the U.S. in Korea, 1950-51* by Russell Spurr
- *The Korean War: Australia in the Giant's Playground* by Cameron Forbes
- *The Forgotten War: America in Korea, 1950-1953* by Clay Blair
- *The Korean War: A Histor... | [
"Aspects of the Korean War are major theme of the first third of the book - in particular its status as \"the forgotten war\", the poor performance of United States troops, the brutality of the South Korean regime of Syngman Rhee, and the crimes against POWs.\n",
"Reviewing \"The Korean War\" (2010) William Stuec... |
Roman victory parades, with a slave in the cart whispering «Remember, thou art mortal”? | The Roman triumphal procession, like the ancient funeral with the coins over the eyes and bloodsoaked gladiatorial fights, are very powerful images in the modern imagination of the ancient world but are surprisingly slippery to pin down in reliable sourcing. To give an illustration of just how slippery it can be, Mary ... | [
"Of the Roman processions, the most prominent was that of the Triumph, which had its origin in the return of the victorious army headed by the general, who proceeded in great pomp from the Campus to the Capitol to offer sacrifice, accompanied by the army, captives, spoils, the chief magistrate, priests bearing the ... |
what is a multireddit exactly? | I don't have Gold but let me explain what I understand from what I read from Admin announcement of this feature.
You have one front page and you see hot posts from all sub-reddits that you have subscribed to (that is if you are logged in, else you see posts from default sub-reddits).
With multi-reddit, you create a ... | [
"A meta-network is a multi-mode, multi-link, multi-level network. Multi-mode means that there are many types of nodes; e.g., nodes people and locations. Multi-link means that there are many types of links; e.g., friendship and advice. Multi-level means that some nodes may be members of other nodes, such as a networ... |
why people hate lebron james. | He played in Cleveland near his home and was a big hero for years. Then he left for a better team in Miami and he announced it with a big flashy self-important tv announcement where he sounded arrogant and out of touch. | [
"In the aftermath of President Trump's tweet talking about LeBron James and his interview with CNN journalist Don Lemon on August 5, 2018, Ball mentioned to reporters at TMZ that the president is a racist and that \"everybody knows that. It's not a secret.\" He also encouraged his sons to be political in the event ... |
What would it mean for the Standard Model if the Higgs boson does not exist? | You might want to read the following previous posts:
* [If the Higgs boson doesn't exist, what does that mean for modern physics?](_URL_2_)
* [At what point will we be forced to concede that the Higgs doesn't exist? What direction should we expect future research to take if that ends up being the case?](_URL_2_)
* [Wh... | [
"The Higgs boson validates the Standard Model through the mechanism of mass generation. As more precise measurements of its properties are made, more advanced extensions may be suggested or excluded. As experimental means to measure the field's behaviours and interactions are developed, this fundamental field may b... |
What caused cavalry to become outdated? What was the turning point? | Short answer: (armored) vehicles in WW2. Maybe. Not really. If you insist.
Long answer:
There was no definite turning *point*. The role of cavalry became minimized over the course of the last couple *centuries*, during which it had stayed very relevant up to and including WW2. Though the armored knight charges that a... | [
"In the 19th century distinctions between heavy and light cavalry became less significant; by the end of the Peninsular War, heavy cavalry were performing the scouting and outpost duties previously undertaken by light cavalry, and by the end of the 19th century the roles had effectively merged. Most armies at the t... |
how does makeup that is supposed to automatically match your skin tone work? | In my experience, it doesn't. | [
"If a performer's skin is perfectly toned, makeup spreads smoothly and adheres easily. Dry skin or oily skin is dealt with prior to makeup application; otherwise, the makeup appears blotchy or smeared due to variations in absorption. Performers with dry skin use a moisturizer daily and after their faces have been c... |
Is there a theoretical minimum response time between seeing something and reacting to it? | There is indeed a theoretical limit to how quickly your nervous system can work like this, especially if a decision needs to be made. This is simply called reaction time. Reaction times vary according to a normal distribution in the population. [This paper](_URL_0_) from 1996 published in Nature showed that the average... | [
"What can be observed in the test are the actual reaction times. A reaction time is the sum of a series of alternating distraction times and attention times, which cannot be observed. It is, nevertheless, possible to estimate from the observable reaction times some properties of the latent process of distraction ti... |
To what extent was Kashmir historically Tibetan? | I've only encountered scattered bits of information about Kashmir in the literature I see out there so I'll give you my best educated guess to try and answer your question:
My own understanding of Kashmiri topics in general is quite limited, so hopefully an Indologist will come in at some point and correct me, but th... | [
"History of Tibet is also related to prehistoric Burma. It is situated between the two ancient civilizations of China and India, separated from the former by the mountain ranges to the east of the Tibetan Plateau and from the latter by the towering Himalayas. Tibet is nicknamed \"the roof of the world\" or \"the la... |
if im on antibiotics and taking a probiotic, arent the antibiotics killing the probiotics, making it completely redundant? | It might kill some of the newly added bacteria, but it might not. Different bacteria react differently to different antibiotics. Plus, if you keep taking priobiotics and replenishing that type of bacteria, you can shift the composition of your gut bacteria.
In any case, [it seems to work.](_URL_0_) | [
"Though effective, antibiotics are not recommended for prevention of TD in most situations because of the risk of allergy or adverse reactions to the antibiotics, and because intake of preventive antibiotics may decrease effectiveness of such drugs should a serious infection develop subsequently. Antibiotics can al... |
How did Germany pay for military equipment, food, general supplies etc in during WW2? | Hi, you may interested in these past replies:
_URL_1_
_URL_0_
_URL_2_ | [
"Money provided by the Germans, who paid for such things as vehicles they requisitioned, was used, with German help, to fund trips to France to buy thousands of tons of essential food and other materials. This continued while shipping was made available, until mid 1944.\n",
"Beginning in March 1941, the United St... |
Were lowborns and low-ranking knights generally punished or rewarded for killing high-ranking nobility in battle? | I can't find the video online, but the special [*Going Medieval*](_URL_3_), presented by [Mike Loades](_URL_2_), covers aspects of this. He begins discussing singles combat at 5:20, I typed out the transcript below:
> **Loades**: What would happen in a battle is the crush of men from either side squeezes you in… T... | [
"It was often claimed that the nobles faced greater risks than the ordinary soldiers as there was little incentive for anyone to take prisoner any high-ranking noble during or immediately after a battle. During the Hundred Years' War against France, a captured noble would be able to ransom himself for a large sum b... |
Does gravity propagate through matter at the same speed as through vacuum? | It's an interesting question and knowing the answer would probably help us prove the existence of [gravitons](_URL_0_). However, it's very, very difficult to detect gravitational waves and there's only indirect evidence for their existence. There are several experiments running or planned to find gravitational waves, s... | [
"In Einstein's general theory of relativity, gravity is treated as a phenomenon resulting from the curvature of spacetime. This curvature is caused by the presence of mass. Generally, the more mass that is contained within a given volume of space, the greater the curvature of spacetime will be at the boundary of it... |
How did the Roman baths work, in terms of bureaucracy? Did you have to pay to enter, to use certain facilities inside and to whom did you have to pay? | There were a whole variety of baths in ancient Rome, ranging from personal baths within a home for use of the household and guests to the massive public baths such as those of Caracalla, which could hold hundreds of people, contained libraries, sporting areas and commons to provide other diversions and were decorated b... | [
"The Romans did not invent plumbing or toilets, but instead borrowed their waste disposal system from their neighbors, particularly the Minoans. A waste disposal system was not a new invention, but rather had been around since 3100 BCE, when one was created in the Indus River Valley The Roman public baths, or \"the... |
why do some mice put their babys in the running wheel, let them loose and then start running? | I would assume it’s because they want their young nearby and in sight but have no concept that the ground around them will shift as they run
Or maybe they just want the baby to learn healthy exercise habits early | [
"In 1998, Theodore Garland, Jr. and colleagues started a long-term experiment that involves selective breeding of mice for high voluntary activity levels on running wheels. This experiment also continues to this day ( 65 generations). Mice from the four replicate \"High Runner\" lines evolved to run almost three ti... |
if cancer is a result of mutations which comes from incorrect repairs to cell dna, that means someone who get ill alot have high chances of getting cancer? | Most of the time you get sick, your DNA is unharmed, and so it is not a problem. That said, some diseases *do* in fact increase risk of cancer; sometimes by substantial margins. | [
"Deficient expression of DNA repair proteins due to an inherited mutation can increase cancer risks. Individuals with an inherited impairment in any of 34 DNA repair genes (see article DNA repair-deficiency disorder) have increased cancer risk, with some defects ensuring a 100% lifetime chance of cancer (e.g. p53 m... |
Why did the US work to (covertly?) fight communism spreading to Central and South America? | The US interference in Latin America was not something that stemmed from the Cold War. Long before communism was even a political ideology the US established the Monroe doctrine in 1823 that stated Latin America was under the US sphere of influence and that they would not tolerate influence of other powers in the regio... | [
"In 1954, when Jacobo Arbenz of Guatemala accepted the support of communists and attacked holdings of the United Fruit Company, the US decided to assist Guatemalan counter-revolutionaries in overthrowing Arbenz. These interventionist tactics featured the use of the CIA rather than the military, which was used in La... |
why does microwaving bread (namely french bread) make it rubbery, as opposed to toasting it? | [Startch gelatinization](_URL_0_) is the process by which the starch in flour absorbs water and attains the structural composition found in bread. This process is triggered by heat.
Microwaved bread has already gone through this process once (during the initial baking) so it contains less water. The gelatinization sti... | [
"where the batter lacks the elastic structure to hold gas bubbles for more than a few minutes, and to speed the production of baked goods. Because carbon dioxide is released at a faster rate through the acid-base reaction than through fermentation, breads made by chemical leavening are called quick breads. The intr... |
how is that cover bands in bars are allowed to play other band's song for profit (getting paid by the bar) and don't have to pay for licensing like they would in commercials/movies/reproductions/etc.? | In the US, the bar pays a fee to ASCAP (American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers) for the performance rights. If they haven't payed that fee, they can't host bands that play covers. [Here's ASCAP's FAQ about the situation.](_URL_0_)
**Edit:**
Yes, there's also BMI and SESAC. I have been informed, thank yo... | [
"Bars and clubs that use cover charges use them for several reasons. In some cases, popular bars and clubs have a substantial excess demand; patrons are lined up outside the club waiting to get in. In this case, the club can gain additional revenue from customers by requiring an entrance charge. Other bars and club... |
What is the feasibility of a Railgun to launch fuel and water into orbit? | A railgun cannot launch objects into stable orbit. Entering orbit requires at least two acceleration phases, one to reach escape velocity/orbit insertion, and one to circularize the orbit.
This means either: you have to launch a payload along with fuel and an engine so that it can circularize itself, or already have a... | [
"In addition to military applications, NASA has proposed to use a railgun to launch \"wedge-shaped aircraft with scramjets\" to high-altitude at Mach 10, where they will then fire a small payload into orbit using conventional rocket propulsion. The extreme g-forces involved with direct railgun ground-launch to spac... |
What causes 'suicidal thoughts'? | "Suicidal thoughts" could be defined in 2 ways:
1. People who genuinely want to kill themselves for some reason, and are contemplating suicide.
2. A sudden urge when in a position of danger (e.g. Urge to jump from a high place, urge to swerve into oncoming traffic.)
I think number 2 is more relevant to your... | [
"Suicidal ideation has a straightforward definition—suicidal thoughts—but there are some other related signs and symptoms. Some symptoms or co-morbid conditions may include unintentional weight loss, feeling helpless, feeling alone, excessive fatigue, low self-esteem, presence of consistent mania, excessively talka... |
Do animals see the world differently according to the way their eye is shaped? | Yes, and the effect is very large for [blurred images](_URL_0_), i.e. parts of the scene which the animal hasn't brought into focus. In that photo, a vertical-slit pupil would sharpen up the blur in the horizontal direction, and also change all the bright highlights into little vertical eyeslit-images.
Speculation:... | [
"When asked about the purpose of sight in humans and animals, even elementary school children can answer that animals have vision to help them find food and avoid danger (function/adaptation). Biologists have three additional explanations: sight is caused by a particular series of evolutionary steps (phylogeny), th... |
Will coffee cool faster in a glass or ceramic mug? | [As you can see](_URL_0_) Glass will conduct heat about 7 times as much as Clay. As a result, Glass will conduct away heat from the coffee significantly faster than a clay mug. This is why coffee cups are typically ceramics (clay). You can verify this experimentally by pouring coffee into both a glass and a mug, the... | [
"Warm glass working is similar to that for ceramics, in that a piece is assembled, placed into a cold kiln and then heated through a pre-defined cycle, including a slow cooling phase afterwards. Unlike hot glass, warm glass is rarely worked manually whilst hot.\n",
"Warm glass working uses a variety of processes,... |
Is there a correlation between the number of calories you take in and how "full" you feel? | The reason why you feel full is that there are nerve receptors that sense the volume of your stomach. Once a certain volume is reached, those nerves send a signal to the brain to tell it that your stomach is food. Calories however are a unit of energy. Some foods are dense in calories, like peanut butter or ice cream, ... | [
"The calories a person consumes come from both the foods and drinks they eat and drink. The calories a person expends comes from their basal metabolic rate and their daily physical activity. When eating a healthy diet mainly composed of vegetables, lean meats, and fruits, the human body is very good at maintaining ... |
What impact did Wyatt Earp & the gunfight at the O.K Corral have on today's history? | I've answered this question before, so here's my answer from last time:
Interestingly enough, the actual historical event itself *wasn't* significant or have much of an impact. It could have been forgotten, left as nothing but a footnote in a history about boomtown violence in Arizona during the late 19th century.
Bu... | [
"It long has been noted for its coverage of the infamous Gunfight at the O.K. Corral on Oct. 26, 1881, and its continuing research interest in Wyatt Earp, Doc Holliday and their cowboy adversaries. In 2005, for example, it presented for the first time a sketch of the O. K. Corral gunfight hand drawn by Wyatt Earp s... |
i this age of small and powerful batteries, why are will still putting large clunky batteries in our vehicles? | Lead-acid batteries are dirt cheap, very reliable, and match the use case of starting and running an automobile. | [
"Starting batteries are of lighter weight than deep cycle batteries of the same size, because the thinner and lighter cell plates do not extend all the way to the bottom of the battery case. This allows loose disintegrated material to fall off the plates and collect at the bottom of the cell, prolonging the service... |
Do you think that Oliver Cromwell himself was responsible for the limited success of the protectorate in England? | Or would you put it down to factors such as the Army, Parliament, the Major General rule, religion at the time? | [
"As Lord Protector, Cromwell was aware of the Jewish community's involvement in the economics of the Netherlands, now England's leading commercial rival. It was this—allied to Cromwell's tolerance of the right to private worship of those who fell outside Puritanism—that led to his encouraging Jews to return to Engl... |
how exactly would an infinite source of energy help us? | Obviously we wouldn't have to be digging up resources and polluting the earth. On the other hand, all of that extra heat wouldn't be good for the environment. | [
"We can be certain that electricity consumption will increase worldwide. We need energy to light and heat our homes, to cook our food, to drive transport and provide power plant with energy and nowadays due to technological advances, we have so many gadgets to charge. That is why without energy all this would be im... |
why do people sometimes shake their heads to get a bad thought "out of their minds?' | I wish I could answer this but I did notice that the when I start zoning out and day dreaming, shaking would cause me to refocus on what I was doing. I wonder if the movement causes the brain to switch focus back. | [
"A head shake is a gesture in which the head is turned left and right along the transverse plane repeatedly in quick succession. In many cultures, it is most commonly, but not universally, used to indicate disagreement, denial, or rejection. Head shaking while trying food, in Western cultures, can also communicate ... |
the nerve action potential sodium potassium thing? | I'll try to explain the best I can!
First, you need to start with your neuron ( nerve cell.) To understand this properly, you need to know the concentrations of ions inside and outside of the cell. Your cell has a lot of sodium ions (Na+) OUTSIDE the cell, and a lot of potassium ions (K+) INSIDE the cell. This means t... | [
"The sodium-potassium pump was discovered in 1957 by the Danish scientist Jens Christian Skou, who was awarded a Nobel Prize for his work in 1997. Its discovery marked an important step forward in the understanding of how ions get into and out of cells, and it has particular significance for excitable cells such as... |
why are there so many states in america when compared to the only marginally smaller australia? | Population of Australia: 23.13 million
Population of the US: 318.9 million
To govern an order of magnitude more people you need an order of magnitude more government. | [
"Australia is a country, a continent and an island. It is located in Oceania between the Indian Ocean and the South Pacific Ocean. It is the sixth largest country in the world with a total area of (including Lord Howe Island and Macquarie Island), making it slightly smaller than the 48 states of the contiguous Unit... |
How much commonality is there between 'human' medicines and medicines for use to treat animals? | There are a lot of different kinds of animals, so it is hard to answer with any specificity but generally a lot of medicines are able to be used interchangeably between mammals. Anesthetic agents, antibiotics and antiparisitic agents are just the examples I can think of off hand. Chemicals, however, can't always be use... | [
"According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), the total number of animals used in that country in 2005 was almost 1.2 million, excluding rats and mice. Some animal rights supporters believe that alternatives exist for animal models in research; however the vast majority of scientists believe there are no... |
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