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I'm going to jail tomorrow and I want to read the best nonfiction books about History. What do you suggest? | I'm sorry to hear that. Are you planning to buy your books on the outside or use the library system?
For the Civil War, I would start with either (or both) James McPherson's Battle Cry of Freedom and Shelby Foote's The Civil War. Those are two mainstays that you should be able to find relatively easily. If either of t... | [
"In 2017, James wrote the foreword for the U.K. edition of \"The Crime Book\", with American crime author Cathy Scott writing the foreword for the U.S. edition. The nonfiction book, a volume in the \"Big Ideas Simply Explained\" series, was released by Dorling Kindersley (Penguin Random House) in April 2017 in the ... |
why do horses let humans ride them? | Being rideable was an important part of the domestication process of horses. Early on (and even still), horses that tolerated carrying loads were kept and bred. Horses that did not tolerate loads were not worth their weight in feed, so they were not kept and bred.
Via similar methods, we've also selected for dogs that... | [
"Horses are herd animals, with a clear hierarchy of rank, led by a dominant individual, usually a mare. They are also social creatures that are able to form companionship attachments to their own species and to other animals, including humans. They communicate in various ways, including vocalizations such as nicker... |
what are nfl coaches writing during a game on the sidelines? | They're writing down exactly how hard they're going to cut you next season, *Kelvin Benjamin*. | [
"BULLET::::- How is the choice sent onto the field? In the NFL, a player is in radio contact with the sidelines for a defined interval before each play. The team can send a substitute player onto the field who knows the play the coaches want to run. Personnel on the sidelines can call plays using hand signals or pi... |
Why are things getting blue with the horizon? | It's the same reason that the sky is blue--Rayleigh scattering. This type of scattering only occurs for suspended particles of sufficiently small size (on the order of 10 microns or less in diameter). It preferentially scatters light with the smallest wavelength.
So basically, when you look off into the distance lik... | [
"Another phenomenon that occurs is Rayleigh scattering in the atmosphere along one's line of sight: the horizon is typically 4–5 km distant and the air (being just above sea level in the case of the ocean) is at its densest. This mechanism would add a blue tinge to any distant object (not just the sea) because blue... |
wine tasting | Good and bad are all a matter of opinion. The purpose of wine tasting is to figure out what YOU like, and what YOU find appealing. Price has little to do with weather or not a bottle is "good". Once you are able to recognize what is meant by those terms you will start to learn what you like. I don't care for oak-y ... | [
"The sensory analysis of the wines was undertaken by professional wine tasters in order to establish the intangible features of wines being tested, such as sweet, dry, bitter, and so on. Two public tastings took place, in which tasters were asked to engage in discussion and note the effect of salt on the wines, as ... |
Is an object colder if it's moving faster? | It turns out that temperature really only has meaning when you talk about a set of molecules or atoms. The most reasonable description, I suppose, for a molecule would be that the amount of energy in each vibration should be related to the molecule's temperature. At relativistic speeds, the molecule would appear to be ... | [
"At high speeds through the air, the object's kinetic energy is converted to heat through compression and friction. At lower speed, the object will lose heat to the air through which it is passing, if the air is cooler. The combined temperature effect of heat from the air and from passage through it is called the s... |
how can developers of self driving cars ensure that there is no lag in the system? | The answer is a so-called Real Time Operating System, which guarantees to handle data within a certain time.
And about the crashing, the trick is to have a very small and good designed kernel and the rest of the stuff runs as an userland thread on top of the kernel: If a thread dies, it doesn't take out the whole comp... | [
"Self-driving cars are potentially beneficial to the environment. They can be programmed to navigate the most efficient route and reduce idle time, which could result in less fossil fuel consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The same could be said true for the heavy machinery used in the heavy industry. A... |
When did English change its method of counting numbers above twenty? | French does not follow this pattern. 22 is vingt-deux (twenty-two). This pattern is typical of Romance languages, for example Spanish 22 is viente dos and Italian is ventidue. Both Aldi following the "twenty two" pattern.
French is different for numbers 70 tp 99 but the spoken order persists, still with the same patt... | [
"BULLET::::- Twenty () is used as a base number in the Welsh language, although in the latter part of the 20th century a decimal counting system has come to be preferred (particularly in the South), with the vigesimal system becoming 'traditional' and more popular in North Welsh. However the vigesimal system exclus... |
lag | What kind of lag? | [
"The Robertson Lag is an example of the systematic delay which the economy suffers from when conditions change and is named after the famous economist Dennis Robertson. This lag describes how a consumers change in income and wealth, a change in its consumption function, leads to a delayed change in its consumption.... |
Why is it so common for stroke victims to have a speech impairment? | There are a lot of areas of the cortex that contribute to normal speech, and many of the common types of stroke damage at least one of them.
Eg,
* In the vast majority of people, expressive language is in the left inferior frontal area and receptive language is in the left perisylvian temporal area. A stroke involvin... | [
"A stroke is one of the leading causes of disability in the United States. Following a stroke, 40% of stroke patients are left with moderate functional impairment and 15% to 30% have a severe disability as a result of a stroke. A neurogenic cognitive-communicative disorder is one result of a stroke. Neuro- meaning ... |
Indo-european and Peppers ? How is Sanskrit connected to European languages and what is up with ancient Indian peppers ? | Yes, Sanskrit is part of the Indo-European language family, and yes, its speakers migrated there from the steppes of what is now Ukraine and Kazakhstan. However, Indo-Iranian moved into its modern range by way of Bactria, not the Caucasus. There are libraries of literature on Indo-European, and the idea that it is "fal... | [
"The similarities between various European languages, Sanskrit and Persian were noted by Sir William Jones in his \"Third Anniversary Discourse\" to the Asiatic Society in 1786, after learning Sanskrit in India, concluding that all these languages originated from the same source. From his initial intuitions develop... |
Is it possible to determine the location at which a photo was taken based on the moon's position in the sky? | No, it won't tell you the location from which the photo was taken. What you'd actually need would be an image of the stars in the night sky, but even that would only narrow it down to a latitude, unless you knew the UTC time the photo was taken. | [
"Another method is to take two pictures of the Moon at exactly the same time from two locations on Earth and compare the positions of the Moon relative to the stars. Using the orientation of the Earth, those two position measurements, and the distance between the two locations on the Earth, the distance to the Moon... |
How historically accurate is the quote: "The war wasn’t only about abolishing fascism, but to conquer sales markets. We could have, if we had intended so, prevented this war from breaking out without doing one shot, but we didn’t want to."? | > verify the quote
There's zero evidence that this was ever said by Churchill, Truman, or anyone else involved in WWII. If one is to presume that the premise of the quote is accurate (that is to say, the war was fought by the allies to "conquer sales markets," why would they admit that after years of propaganda stat... | [
"\"Fascism is the concentrated expression of the general offensive undertaken by the world bourgeoisie against the proletariat... fascism [is] an expression of the decay and disintegration of the capitalist economy and as a symptom of the bourgeois state’s dissolution. We can combat fascism only if we grasp that it... |
What is the relationship between biological nucleus and chemical nucleus? | The dictionary definition of a nucleus is the central and most important part of an object. Both biologists and chemists decided to use this term (in reference to the general meaning), but they refer to entirely different things.
The atomic nucleus (as you stated) is the central part of an atom and is composed of prot... | [
"The chemical and nuclear properties of the nucleus are determined by the number of protons, called the atomic number, and the number of neutrons, called the neutron number. The atomic mass number is the total number of nucleons. For example, carbon has atomic number 6, and its abundant carbon-12 isotope has 6 neut... |
why aren’t patients scrubbed down the same as doctors are? | Having had multiple surgeries I gotta tell you; any hospital worth its merit sends you home with surgical wash to use heavuly the night before and morning of surgery. (2 separate showers). This reduces the risk of infection by 30-40%. Then the surgery site is cleaned heavily and seperated by a sterile gown/ cover.
Wi... | [
"Physicians sometimes use screening as a placebo for patients who wish to have some kind of care. The physician may recommend screening to placate the patient's demand for fast recovery in times when the recommended action would be to do nothing except wait. Research suggests that patients are more satisfied with t... |
why do bugs like to buzz around people's heads, even when being constantly swatted at? | To answer the second half, bugs are generally not intelligent enough to recognize being swatted at is connected to what they are doing. They simply react on impulse to a swat by avoiding it best they can, then go right back to what they are doing.
So it's sort of like "Oh hey this tastes good"...."Something is comin... | [
"Just when Bugs is about to be captured, he distracts the man again by tricking him into thinking there is a \"frankincense\" monster behind him, just like in a good book he just read. When he looks behind, Bugs has leaped into position, making a hideous face. The frightened man leaps off the building with a scream... |
if there's a no knock raid on your house by police and you kill the raiders would you be innocent in court? | I wish I had a straight answer, but it really depends on what state he lives in. If the state has strong gun laws he is more likely to be exonerated on the charges brought up. If he is in a state with strict gun laws it will likely end in murder charges. There haven't been a lot of cases that I know of, but there was a... | [
"Multiple claims echoed in the gun press: that a proper investigation would have shown that Ballew was not a dangerous person, that such evidence as was presented against Ballew did not rise to the level of probable cause to justify a raid, that the proper way to execute a knock-service warrant specifying a day-tim... |
when computers crash why do you sometimes still hear the sound playing? this happens especially during in game crashes. | The sound card in your computer has a buffer that contains the sounds to be played(lets say 1 second worth of music). In a normal situation the game will refresh the buffer every second with the next second worth of music. Now if your game crashes the buffer does not get cleared and thus your sound card keeps playing t... | [
"Crash to desktop bugs are considered particularly problematic for users. Since they frequently display no error message, it can be very difficult to track down the source of the problem, especially if the times they occur and the actions taking place right before the crash do not appear to have any pattern or comm... |
Water waves - transverse or longitudinal? | [Here](_URL_0_) is a .gif that shows the dual nature of water waves.
You can see that the black dots (which you can think of as water particles) move forward-backward as well as up-down. | [
"Transverse waves are contrasted with longitudinal waves, where the oscillations occur in the direction of the wave. The standard example of a longitudinal wave is a sound wave or \"pressure wave\" in gases, liquids, or solids, whose oscillations cause compression and expansion of the material through which the wav... |
on snl (and similar shows) how is the live audience's laughing timed with the camera cuts we're seeing at home, when they can see everything happening on stage? | There are several staging areas in studio 8H in Rockefeller center, most of the time the audience isn't straight on, meaning the soundstage isn't directly in front of them. So the only way they can watch many sketches is on the TV(s) mounted on the walls and rails.
Other times when the cut happens for the joke for the... | [
"\"Nobody's Watching\" uses its laugh track in a non-standard way. It is only used in the scenes featuring the studio audience and the recording of the sitcom within the sitcom. As the studio audience are, in effect, extra cast members, there are instances where their laughter - or otherwise - does not relate to th... |
When we look back at ancient cultures we always try to estimate what year those people would have been in an area, doing a certain thing, etc. Would those people have known what year it was? | How are you defining year? Plenty of cultures used their own calendars to keep track of years, many of which we have coordinated with our own to determine dates. Care to elaborate? | [
"Among the ancient Greek historians and scholars, a common method of indicating the passage of years was based on the Olympic Games, first held in 776 BC. The Olympic Games provided the various independent city-states with a mutually recognizable system of dates. Olympiad dating was not used in everyday life. This ... |
why are there economic theories that differ so drastically? shouldn't there be more economic consensus if it's studied so much? | Economics is a social science. It isn't like biology, chemistry, etc where you can test something in a completely controlled environment. Since we can never control all of the variables, there will never be consensus among economists.
| [
"Economic theory faces the problem of constantly dealing with two contradictory concepts of information at the same time. If efficiency is the dominant aspect of analyses, it is likely that commodification is considered to be harmful. If incentive for creation is the dominant aspect of analyses, the protection of t... |
Why don't rising C02 levels get cancelled out by more global plant growth? | carbon dioxide isn't the factor limiting tree growth, so increasing its concentration shouldn't have a significant effect on growth rate | [
"Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide affects plants in a variety of ways. Elevated CO increases crop yields and growth through an increase in photosynthetic rate, and it also decreases water loss as a result of stomatal closing The growth response is greatest in C plants, C plants ,are also enhanced but to a lesser... |
why does the sin wave not look circular? | Because you don't want a circle, you want to know it's respective cos or sin value of a point on the circle. So when you travel around the circle and map out the sinus values, you get the sinus wave.
See this animation to show you how every point on a circle mapped out creates the sinus wave.
_URL_0_ | [
"The sine wave is important in physics because it retains its wave shape when added to another sine wave of the same frequency and arbitrary phase and magnitude. It is the only periodic waveform that has this property. This property leads to its importance in Fourier analysis and makes it acoustically unique.\n",
... |
This Week's Theme: Oral Traditions | **[Previously](_URL_1_)**
**Current**: Oral Traditions
**Upcoming**: Substance Abuse
**In the hole**: Sovereignty
Remember to ask theme-related questions in [a new thread!](_URL_0_)! If your submission doesn't get automatically flaired, [send us a modmail](_URL_2_) with a link! | [
"The NAMM Oral History program is unique, unlike any other collection in the world. The heart of the collection is the depth of its narratives that cover innovative creations, the evolution of musical instruments, the ever-changing world of music retail, as well as our collective quest to improve music education ar... |
With a strong enough fan placed at a right angle to a speaker output would you hear anything from the speaker when the fan is blowing? | With a powerful enough fan you will "blow the sound away", albeit at some angle away from the speaker (not 90 degrees).
Let's change the scenario to a wind blowing directly at the speaker at 340 m/s (speed of sound). This is exactly the same as if the speaker were travelling through still air at the speed of sound, no... | [
"This unstable operation results from the development of pressure gradients in the opposite direction of the flow. Maximum pressure is observed at the discharge of the impeller blade and minimum pressure on the side opposite to the discharge side. When the impeller blades are not rotating these adverse pressure gra... |
board of directors vs. owners/shareholders | In the most simple ownership structures, the shareholders own the company and elect the board of directors. The board of directors then hire the CEO.
You're describing a scenario where a founder (person who started the company) has sold the company, in whole or in part, to other people/entities. Often that person is k... | [
"The setup of a board of directors vary widely across organizations and may include provisions that are applicable to corporations, in which the \"shareholders\" are the members of the organization. A difference may be that the membership elects the officers of the organization, such as the president and the secret... |
In the U.S., why are many major cities governed by their own counties or parishes, yet surrounding suburbs tend to be comprised of many cities and towns under a common county or parish? | I'm assuming that you are not from the United States. First the federal government has no oversight into how the States organize their local entities. Second county organization has nothing to do with white flight as county organization occurred well before.
Each state is different in how it organizes villages, towns,... | [
"Within those entities are the large and small cities or towns, which may or may not be the county seat. Some of the world's larger cities culturally, if not officially, span several counties, and those crossing state or provincial boundaries have much in common culturally as well, but are rarely incorporated withi... |
What are the most genius political power plays in your period? | I honestly believe the first triumvirate between Caesar, Crassus, and Pompeius has to be one of the greatest political power plays of all time. The length of time they managed to keep it a secret, and then the way in which they revealed it was so theatrical it genuinely thrills me. Caesar had just made his first public... | [
"According to Erich Segal, reading the play as a genuine exploration of communism and female power is incorrect. It follows Aristophanes’ conflict structure of the republic in trouble, a solution suggested and that solution ultimately failing. Aristophanes’ plays mostly derive their narratives on absurd political a... |
Why is it useful to hyperventilate during childbirth? | One of the changes in maternal physiology during pregnancy is an increase in minute ventilation (hyperventilation). This occurs even before labor (evidenced by decreased PaCO2 =mild respiratory alkalosis).
Many times we (physicians, nurses) tell people to focus on their breathing. This is mainly a distraction to take ... | [
"Complications of emergency childbirth include the complications that occur during normal childbirth. Maternal complications include perineal tearing during delivery, excessive bleeding (postpartum hemorrhage), retained products of conception in the uterus, hypertension, and seizures.\n",
"An amniotic fluid embol... |
how is it that the taliban, removed from power in 2001, still able to fight and thrive against the afghan government and nato to this day? | The Taliban was effectively pushed out of Afghanistan in December 2001 during Operation Jawbreaker. CIA paramilitaries, backed up by northern militias with loose ties to the US from their guerrilla war against the Russians. They effectively moved into the tribal regions of Afghanistan and blended into their Pashtun su... | [
"The Taliban uprising took place after Afghanistan's invasion by Allied forces in 2001. As in the earlier wars against the British and Soviets, Afghan resistance to the NATO intervention took the traditional form of a Muslim \"holy war (Jihad) against the infidels\". As with the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan 20 ye... |
why do we become out of breath? | Ok, so when you run, or do exercise, you can't breath enough oxygen for your cells to respire (produce energy) normally so you start to respire anaerobically (without oxygen) so that you provide enough energy to keep on running. Obviously there is a catch, and the catch is that you produce an acid as well. Acids are ba... | [
"Humans, like most mammals, breathe by \"negative pressure\" breathing: the rib cage expands and the diaphragm contracts, expanding the chest cavity. This causes the pressure in the chest cavity to decrease, and the lungs expand to fill the space. This, in turn, causes the pressure of the air inside the lungs to de... |
what prevents the cell from getting too large? | It's frankly poorly understood. It seems to be a network of several regulatory pathways tied to metabolic activity in combination with cell cycle control.
[Björklund, 2019](_URL_0_) has an overview on the current state of research. | [
"A postulated model for mammalian size control situates mass as the driving force of the cell cycle. A cell is unable to grow to an abnormally large size because at a certain cell size or cell mass, the S phase is initiated. The S phase starts the sequence of events leading to mitosis and cytokinesis. A cell is una... |
why do we take off our hats during the national anthem? | It supposedly stems from medieval times when knights would remove their helmets to show trust. But really, it's just tradition. Each generation is taught that taking their hat off is respectful. There's no good reason. We could just as easily say taking your wristwatch off is a sign of respect. | [
"Since 1998, federal law (viz., the United States Code ) states that during a rendition of the national anthem, when the flag is displayed, all present including those in uniform should stand at attention; Non-military service individuals should face the flag with the right hand over the heart; Members of the Armed... |
why do so many cultures use onions and garlic in their cuisine? | If you ever cook for a girl, just toss onion and garlic in a pan and the aroma alone will make her think you’re a bomb cook | [
"Because the wild onion is extinct and ancient records of using onions span western and eastern Asia, the geographic origin of the onion is uncertain, with likely domestication worldwide. Onions have been variously described as having originated in Iran, western Indian subcontinent and Central Asia.\n",
"This is ... |
In the film 'Inglorious Basterds' the French citizens under Nazi occupation are portrayed as more or less continuing their daily lives, just with Nazi soldiers everywhere. Is this accurate? | I get that Quentin Tarantino wasn't exactly setting out to make a documentary, I just found his portrayal of Nazi-occupied Paris as fairly regular French life with some Nazi officers overseeing things as taking some serious liberties. | [
"During the German occupation of France, the Vichy regime, which collaborated with the Nazi occupiers, had an ultra-conservative morality and started to use a whole range of laws against a youth that was restless and disenchanted. These young people expressed their resistance and nonconformity through aggressive da... |
how can personality traits be passed down genetically? | There is some debate on nature vs nurture for character traits we consider "genetic". Some times it is the cultural or socioeconomic background which makes it appear like a family has similar traits. Maybe the daughter was given a lot of scientific models or books as a youngster, or the parents pushed for or encouraged... | [
"Advances in molecular biology techniques and the species-wide genome project have made it possible to map out an individual's entire genome. Whether genetic or environmental factors are primarily responsible for an individual's personality has long been a topic of debate. Thanks to the advances being made in the f... |
negative product placement in movies / shows | Stevia isn't a brand. It's a sweetener derived from the leaves of the plant *Stevia rebaudiana.* So there's no one to pay for the namedrop. It'd be like saying that "Maple Syrup" is a brand name. | [
"Many argue that product placement is ethically questionable, because it manipulates people against their will. A contrary view is, even if product placement is only perceived unconsciously, it is still evaluated by our mind. It cannot make people act against their beliefs. Most people also appreciate the fact that... |
What's the evolutionary advantage of a circadian rhythm that doesn't match the Earth's rotation? | Things don't have to make sense. They're there because they haven't reduced fecundity.
Stuff happens because it can. Organisms are historical documents, not perfectly tuned machines. | [
"Circadian rhythms allow organisms to anticipate and prepare for precise and regular environmental changes. They thus enable organisms to better capitalize on environmental resources (e.g. light and food) compared to those that cannot predict such availability. It has therefore been suggested that circadian rhythms... |
Did the advent of cooking food correlate with an increased longer lifespan, and/or have an obvious impact on early human evolution? | My thought is that it definitely has an impact on human lifespan. The heat used to cook food kills many microorganisms present in the food that could possibly cause diseases in humans.
Also. Because cooking food breaks down the molecules in food to form simpler substances, this would also mean our bodies expend less e... | [
"Farming, which, the authors note, produces 10 to 100 times more calories per acre than foraging, carried this trend further. Over the period from 10,000 BC to AD 1, the world population increased about a hundredfold - estimates range from 40 to 170 times. An accelerated rate of evolution is a direct result of the ... |
Why did US coinage transition from generic symbols of liberty to presidents and people? | The 20th Century had three distinct eras of coin design. The first was the Golden Age marked by the work of famous sculptor August Saint-Gaudens gold issues but also included the coins made during the 1910s. The end of the Golden Age was marked by the Great Depression and President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Executive Ord... | [
"Images of Liberty would remain a standard part of US coinage through the 19th century and into the early 20th. While European coins typically included a portrait of the reigning monarch, the idea of depicting a real, as opposed to an allegorical, figure was considered unacceptable in the republican United States. ... |
Does the discovery of the Higgs Boson particle mean that we've proved string theory and does that mean we now have the elusive "Theory of Everything"? | Short answer: no. The Higgs boson is predicted by the Standard Model (SM), and its confirmation just serves to strengthen that model. Since we know that SM can't be the whole story its predictions should fail at some point. The discovery of the Higgs boson merely tells us that we still haven't reached that point.
Edit... | [
"An initial focus of research was to investigate the possible existence of the Higgs boson, a key part of the Standard Model of physics which is predicted by theory but had not yet been observed before due to its high mass and elusive nature. CERN scientists estimated that, if the Standard Model were correct, the L... |
how do people lose coordination while playing vr games? | Have you played it?
There's big difference between looking lifelike, and looking good enough to throw off your senses.
If it's good enough to make you believe it's moving, your mind is getting different signals from your equilibrium and balancing sensors (in your ears) and your eyes.
Think about it like motion sick... | [
"The overcoming of the condition known as dyslexia is also considered an improvement due to the continuous utilization of controllers for the video games. This continuous process helps to train the users to overcome their condition which impedes in their abilities of interpretation. The ability of hand-eye coordina... |
why is it so much easier to eat a spoonful of sugar than a spoonful of salt? | Humans are wired to find more sugar. A spoonful of sugar will not kill you. 10,000 years ago a spoonful of sugar would be hard to find, and a very nice energy boost to a person who generally had to still hunt for food. High energy, carbohydrate dense sources taste sweet and pleasant because 1) eating more of them is go... | [
"Fructose has higher water solubility than other sugars, as well as other sugar alcohols. Fructose is, therefore, difficult to crystallize from an aqueous solution. Sugar mixes containing fructose, such as candies, are softer than those containing other sugars because of the greater solubility of fructose.\n",
"B... |
What were the Origins of the Seljuk Dynasty? | I'll begin in what's known as the Islamic Golden Age under Haroon. Haroon, while leader of the Abbasid Caliphate, brought his empire to unprecedented heights, but "he may have undermined its strength by over-taxation, the unvarying disease of old empires."* After he died in 809, his son Mamoon was able to wrest control... | [
"The Seljuks were a Turkic dynasty of Central Asian nomadic origins, who became the new rulers of the eastern Islamic world after defeating the Ghaznavids in the Battle of Dandanaqan, and the Buyid dynasty. Following these victories, the Seljuks established themselves as the new patrons of the Abbasid Caliphate and... |
Why is liquid oxygen magnetic? Are there any other gases that are magnetic when in liquid form? | The oxygen molecule has a magnetic moment because the two electrons in the two highest occupied molecular orbitals have parallel spin. Curie paramagnetism increases at lower temperatures and is quite noticeable at the boiling point. | [
"Oxygen, long known to be slightly magnetic in the gaseous state, is powerfully attracted in the liquid condition by a magnet, and the same is true, though to a less extent, of liquid air, owing to the proportion of liquid oxygen it contains. \n",
"Oxygen molecules have attracted attention because of the relation... |
Did the American military expect/plan for an attack from Mexico during world war 1? | Mexico was undergoing a multi-sided civil war, and they were in no position to fight a war against anyone outside their borders. As for the US military, the so-called "Punitive Expedition" saw about 5,000 US troops chase one of the combatants, Pancho Villa, around Mexico for a year with the intent to kill or capture hi... | [
"On 9 March 1916, the Mexican rebel General Francisco \"Pancho\" Villa ordered nearly 500 Mexican revolutionaries to make a cross-border attack into the United States at New Mexico. The raid was in response to Woodrow Wilson's recognition and support of the Carranza regime. Commander of the Army 8th Brigade John J.... |
how come in zombie themed movies and tv shows the characters never refer to the zombies as zombies? | Because that would denote a previous knowledge of zombies, which one could presume to include knowledge of how to eliminate them as a threat. The scenario being depicted is more realistic if the unaffected do not have any knowledge about the threat. | [
"Zombie films feature creatures who are usually portrayed as either reanimated corpses or mindless human beings. Distinct subgenres have evolved, such as the zombie comedy, which may or may not retain a significant horror theme, and often crosses into black comedy. Examples include: \"White Zombie\", \"Night of the... |
if liquids turn to gas when heated, how is it that liquids like pancake mixture turn to solids when heated? | Short version.
You're heating the moisture out of the pancake mix, while also changing the chemical structure of the mix, which is what cooking is, changing the chemical structure in your food. When the moisture leaves, you're left with the changed solid and some moisture trapped inside. | [
"Similarly, liquids are often used in cooking for their better heat-transfer properties. In addition to better conductivity, because warmer fluids expand and rise while cooler areas contract and sink, liquids with low kinematic viscosity tend to transfer heat through convection at a fairly constant temperature, mak... |
the argentine economic crisis | I'll have a go.
An important concept in economics is the Impossible Trinity: free flow of goods/capital, control over interest rates, fixed exchange rates. Essentially, only 2 of these 3 are ever possible to maintain.
Argentina tried to maintain all three. Free flow of goods and capital and having control over you... | [
"The Argentine economic crisis culminated in the government defaulting on its debt and the devaluation of the Argentine peso at the end of 2001. APSA's market value declined from $390 million to as low as $40 million. The damage to PASA's finances inspired a shakeup of the company's management. In an interview with... |
Is it beneficial to try to avoid coughing when sick? | Coughing can help to remove sputum plugs and other irritants from the lungs. It most definitely has beneficial effects.
That said, an ineffective cough can be just as dangerous long term as it can hurt muscles and even lung tissue if continued for long periods. (this is very uncommon even among the extremely ill how... | [
"According to the American Academy of Pediatrics the use of cough medicine to relieve cough symptoms is supported by little evidence and thus not recommended for treating cough symptoms in children. There is tentative evidence that the use of honey is better than no treatment or diphenhydramine in decreasing coughi... |
/r/theredpill | It's basically a more militant version of /r/mensrights, who believe that men are an actively oppressed group, and that feminists/women are responsible. | [
"r/TheRedPill is a misogynistic subreddit which promotes male supremacy. It was profiled by the Southern Poverty Law Center. It has been associated with several right-wing movements and the alt-right because of its attacks on feminism and mockery of rape.\n",
"r/The_Schulz is a semi-serious subreddit created for ... |
How is asthma medication made? | There's various different classes of asthma medication - inhaled corticosteroids, beta agonists, leukotriene modifiers. That's why you can't find a direct source on how it is made. Also, compared to rocket fuel, we are getting into really complex chemistry here, so you need to know what to look for. But I fear it won't... | [
"An inhaler (puffer or pump) is a medical device used for delivering medication into the body via the lungs. It is mainly used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Zanamivir, used to treat influenza, must be administered via inhaler.\n",
"Medications are typically provided as mete... |
How did plants get by before the Angiosperm? | Just because a plant doesn't produce a flower doesn't mean they don't produce seeds.
[Gymnosperms](_URL_0_) are an ancient plant type (cycads, ginkgo, pine, etc.). Their seeds develop either on the surface of scales or leaves, often modified to form cones, or at the end of short stalks as in Ginkgo. We still have man... | [
"A geoxyle is a plant in which an enlarged, woody structure occurs beneath the surface of the ground. Such plants have developed independently in various plant lineages, mostly evolving in the Pliocene and subsequently diverging within the last two million years. In contrast to their close relatives, these plants h... |
what is it about potatoes that cause them to retain the heat of four suns as opposed to the other ingredients in the soup? | Potatoes are made of mainly water. Water has a very good ability to store heat.
You may be thinking "but suop's water too". Yes, but the soup has a quite high surface when in a dish making it possible to evapourate whick takes the same enery that water needs to heat up 83 °C. Yes, literally THAT much.
However, in the... | [
"Wrapping the potato in aluminium foil before cooking in a standard oven will help to retain moisture, while leaving it unwrapped will result in a crisp skin. When cooking over an open fire or in the coals of a barbecue, it may require wrapping in foil to prevent burning of the skin. A potato buried directly in coa... |
Is it possible for the wind to blow hard enough to change the direction of a photon? | **Short answer:** Nope.
**Long answer:** There was actually [a very good experiment done around 1900](_URL_1_) that tested whether the speed of light would change in moving medium - flowing water in particular. It was found that it didn't. This was a big deal, and it meant that something really peculiar was going on ... | [
"The breaking of rotation and boost invariance causes direction dependence in the theory as well as unconventional energy dependence that introduces novel effects, including Lorentz-violating neutrino oscillations and modifications to the dispersion relations of different particle species, which naturally could mak... |
My friend says, that during medieval times 90% of an army would consist of drafted peasants with no prior fighting experience and sub par equipment (like sharpened pieces of wood as an improvised spear) is this true? | A reply to /u/themantheycallsven
You may want to read /u/mi13 's answer here
_URL_0_? | [
"These saw themselves overpowered and were not able to contain the advance of the peasant troops. According to Jean Tarde, there was one soldier for each 100 peasants, and their military organisation owed itself to the fact that a good number of artisans, \"sons of good families\" (some historians, such as Mousnier... |
What causes voltage? | Voltage isn't the potential per unit charge. It's a potential difference between two points. Potential is potential *energy* per unit charge.
Essentially, it's the amount of potential the circuit has to accelerate a unit of change to a velocity such that the charge has a kinetic energy of qV. In the same way that grav... | [
"Voltage spikes, also known as surges, may be created by a rapid buildup or decay of a magnetic field, which may induce energy into the associated circuit. However voltage spikes can also have more mundane causes such as a fault in a transformer or higher-voltage (primary circuit) power wires falling onto lower-vol... |
how come most people can't sing in tune, but crowds of people hit the right tones. | Most people *can* carry a tune. What they can't do is carry a tune loudly, that's one of the big things that separates professionals from shower virtuosos.
In a crowd, you don't have to sing loudly, and you are better able to keep in tune by listening to those around you. Also, if you are out of tune, enough people ... | [
"Sometimes people who get the desire to call believe that it is enough to stand up on a platform, and sing the provided text to a square dance song, or call a pre-written sequence of patter. Difficult as even that can be for some, with some natural talent, a good ear for rhythm and timing, an engaging stage presenc... |
Do SSRIs actually work and why is there so much scaremongering about them? | These communities you speak of are peddling quackery. Selective Serotonin Re-Update Inhibitors do indeed function as described, but they are not intended to be used exclusively with the expectation that they will "cure" depression or anxiety. Any mental health professional worth their salt will use SSRIs in concert wit... | [
"SSRIs carry a relatively low risk due to the fact that they are not associated with much of a tolerance or dependence, and are difficult to overdose with. TCAs are similar to SSRIs in their many advantages, but come with more common side effects such as weight gain and cognitive disturbances. They are also easier ... |
why is the border between canada and the us so straight in comparison to the rest of the worlds borders? | [It's not. It's really not](_URL_0_)
It's actually incredibly jagged.
It only appears straight because of how small the angles are from space, and because on maps they go by where the border should be, not where it is.
The border is supposed to be on the 49^th parallel, but in reality there are a few flaws.
1 - The... | [
"Canada–United States relations refers to the bilateral relations between the bordering countries of Canada and the United States. Relations between Canada and the United States historically have been extensive, given a shared border and ever-increasing close cultural, economical ties and similarities. The shared h... |
Should I listen to music while studying? | Studying with no music is theoretically the best way to study because the room you take your test in will likely also be silent. However, if you need some noise then music without singing is better than music with singing because the words from the singer can interfere with your ability to put into memory the words yo... | [
"Contemporary music pedagogies emphasize \"sound before sight\", or the idea that in order to develop an understanding of music and music notation, individuals must first become comfortable with listening to, singing, and performing tonal and rhythm patterns before reading and writing music. Modern studies by Luce ... |
The Black Death as the crucial factor that ended feudalism and began the Protestant Reformation - accurate? too simple? both? | It is too simplistic. No major world events can be boiled down to one cause. For example, World War I: The popular answer to "what caused it?" is the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand. However, such an answers ignores other factors such as increased colonial aggression and the naval race.
For your question, saying t... | [
"A major factor contributing to the death of feudalism in most of Europe was the Black Death of 1347–1351 and subsequent epidemics which killed one-third or more of the people of Europe. In the aftermath of the Black Death, land was abundant and labor was scarce and the rigid relationships among farmers. the church... |
why do videos sound terrifyingly deeper when slowed down? | Higher pitched sounds are just sound waves vibrating really fast. So when you slow a video down you’re also slowing the sound down making the vibrations slower and the sound deeper. | [
"In video games the use or not of motion blur is somewhat controversial. Some gamers claim that the blur actually makes gaming worse since it does blur images, making more difficult to recognize objects, especially in fast-paced moments. This does become noticeable the lower the frame rate is. Improvements in the v... |
How does car wax work to protect the paint colour? | Well I can help with some parts of your question:
Waxing a car in the traditional sense puts a microscopic layer between the world and clearcoat/paint. Water/acids/etc eat away at that first before they get to work on the clearcoat. Should enough time go by the clear coat will get eaten away and then the color start... | [
"Paint sealant works by filling into the pores and irregular surface of the body thereby creating a smooth finish on top. The way it helps is it denies a sticking surface to foreign substance and they come off the car easily without further damaging the car surface\n",
"BULLET::::- Automotive paint & other finish... |
why do you burn fat better at a lower heart rate than your cardio zone? | You don't. You burn a larger *percentage* of fat calories in that heart rate zone than in a higher zone. But, because you're burning more calories in total, you actually burn more fat calories in total at higher heart rates.
See _URL_0_ | [
"Phillips maintains that aerobic exercise is more effective for fat loss when done first thing in the morning, because it raises the metabolism for the remainder of the day, and because the body draws more heavily on its fat stores after fasting overnight.\n",
"There is a common misconception that spot exercise (... |
What were Catherine the Great favourite books from Voltaire? | Hi! This is a great question. My name is Lena and I work on Voltaire and his library. Here are some examples from their correspondence of Catherine's favourite works by Voltaire, by no means an exhaustive list (she specifically ordered that all of his published works be sent to St. Petersburg along with his private lib... | [
"Voltaire played an important role in promoting Catherine's image in Europe. He has been described as Catherine's \"most distinguished western partisan, her most enthusiastic devotee, and her most indefatigable and eloquent propagandist.\" In addition to singing her praises among his circles of friends, Voltaire wr... |
why third world countries are so cheaper in comparison with first world countries even for goods that both import/produce? | Labor and property values.
When you buy a cup of coffee at Starbucks, you aren't just paying for the coffee. You are paying for the people who made the coffee and for the rent and utilities on the building. Of that $4 you are paying, maybe $0.50 is for coffee, milk, and the cup. Around $3 is for labor and overhead,... | [
"By placing high tariffs on imports and other protectionist, inward-looking trade policies, the citizens of any given country, using a simple supply-and-demand rationale, will substitute the less-expensive good for the more expensive. The primary industry of importance would gather its resources, such as labor from... |
why do people gravitate towards hatefulness rather than kindness and love? | **Game Theory**
Someone who is kind or loving can be taken advantage of by someone. that person who takes advantage of them is not necessarily hateful, but possibly ignorant of their actions.
As this happens people realise that being kind and loving allows people to take advantage of them. So people start to put u... | [
"Apathy has been socially viewed as worse than things such as hate or anger. Not caring whatsoever, in the eyes of some, is even worse than having distaste for something. Author Leo Buscaglia is quoted as saying \"I have a very strong feeling that the opposite of love is not hate-it's apathy. It's not giving a damn... |
Where did the Etruscans come from? | No one really knows, there are two main theories, either they developed in Italy, or they developed in Anatolia prior to coming to Italy. I generally subscribe to the latter as the Etruscan language is not Indo-European, as well as genetic evidence from several studies that show that that modern people from Tuscany hav... | [
"The origins of the Etruscans are mostly lost in prehistory, although Greek historians as early as the 5th century BC repeatedly associated the Tyrrhenians (\"Turrhēnoi\"/Τυρρηνοί, \"Tursēnoi\"/Τυρσηνοί) with Pelasgians, which could both be broad descriptive terms. Strabo and the \"Homeric Hymn\" to Dionysus make m... |
How do squids propel themselves without using the tentacles? | Jets is the right term. Squids have a moveable opening in their mantle cavity which they can use to direct a jet of water to quickly propel themselves. They usually use the flaps on the side of their bodies for smaller movement. | [
"Adult squid have several distinguishing features. The mantle encloses the visceral mass of the squid, and has two fins, which are not the primary method of propulsion. Instead, the squid has a siphon, a muscle which takes in water from one side, and pushes it out the other side: jet propulsion. The squid has eight... |
_url_0_, inc. not paying income tax despite being legally considered a person. | You’re allow to deduct your losses on your tax return. 3 years retroactively and 20 years prospectively.
Amazon focused on growth for many years at the expense of profitability and is now using the tax loss carry forwards (Deferred tax assets) to offset their taxable income in profitable years.
Perfectly legal, all ... | [
"In the tax law of the United States the claim of right doctrine causes a taxpayer to recognize income if they receive the income even though they do not have a fixed right to the income. For the income to qualify as being received there must be a receipt of cash or property that ordinarily constitutes income rathe... |
In movies and TV shows, why does removing an object that has impaled a character often make them bleed more? | Not just in movies and TV, in real life too! An object stabbing into you will cut and rip tissue and blood vessels, causing injury. But as long as the object is in there, it’s effectively holding everything in place still. It’s like that experiment where you take a plastic zip bag full of water and shove a pencil throu... | [
"For example, in the Japanese and PAL Versions of \"No More Heroes\", blood splatter and gore is removed from the gameplay. Decapitation scenes are implied, but not shown. Scenes of missing body parts after having been cut off, are replaced with the same scene, but showing the body parts fully intact.\n",
"I've n... |
why is a larger digital camera sensor better than a smaller one? | When you have bigger pixel buckets, the buckets stay cooler and are more likely to absorb the light accurately.
Think of it like this, the more light that hits your pixel buckets, the more they heat up. If you imagine it like water, the more light that hits the sooner that water starts to boil and gets very bubbly. I... | [
"For low cost and small size, these cameras typically use image sensor formats with a diagonal between 6 and 11 mm, corresponding to a crop factor between 7 and 4. This gives them weaker low-light performance, greater depth of field, generally closer focusing ability, and smaller components than cameras using large... |
Would plants grow differently in an environment with less gravity? | [Here](_URL_0_) is an article reporting on an experiment on plant growth in weightlessness conducted on the Space Shuttle. There was a variety of impacts on plant growth -- for the stem, for roots, even for the pegs that bump out of germinated seeds. | [
"Plants grown inflight experience a microgravity environment, and plants grown on the surface of Mars experience approximately 1/3 the gravity that earth plants do. However, so long as plants are provided with directional light, those grown in low gravity environments still experienced normal growth. Normal growth ... |
During WW2, how was the traffic between Switzerland and other countries handled? | At the Évian Conference the Swiss stated that they can just be used for transit emigration. Fugitives were temporarily tolerated. Since the outbreak of war all foreigners required a visa to enter Swiss territory. Excluded from this were political refugees, but this status were not given to Jews. Illegal immigration wer... | [
"From 1943 Switzerland stopped American and British aircraft, mainly bombers, overflying Switzerland during the Second World War. On numerous occasions during the war, Allied aircraft trespassed on Swiss airspace; mostly damaged Allied bombers returning from raids over Italy and Germany whose crews preferred intern... |
why hollywood releases movie that are so similar in plot and so close in time intervals.examples are this is the end and the worlds end; oblivion and after earth, etc... | One movie studio hears about the development of a film, and they produce a similar movie - usually on a faster timeline in order to match release dates. This not only potentially steals viewers from another movie (or shares them), it also capitalizes on interest that will be generated by either movie's advertisements. | [
"His films also typically end with a death, which is portrayed not as a tragedy, but as a happy moving on where the deceased looks down happily at the world below. \"Between Heaven and Earth\" ends with a birth, but it is similarly handled the passing of a character into a new world. This pattern is continued in \"... |
the naming conventions of sea vessels, hms, ss, rms etc. |
AHT Anchor Handling Tug
AHTS Anchor Handling Tug Supply vessel
CRV Coastal Research Vessel
C/F Car Ferry
CS Cable Ship
DB Derrick Barge
DEPV Diesel Electric Paddle Vessel
DLB Derrick Lay Barge
DCV Deepwater Construction Vessel
DSV Diving Support Vessel/ Deep Submergence Vehicle
DV Dead vessel[1]
ERRV Emer... | [
"Royal Navy ships in commission are prefixed since 1789 with Her Majesty's Ship (His Majesty's Ship), abbreviated to \"HMS\"; for example, . Submarines are styled HM Submarine, also abbreviated \"HMS\". Names are allocated to ships and submarines by a naming committee within the MOD and given by class, with the nam... |
how did joel olsteen end up with a net worth of $57 million, despite average preachor wages being around $50,000? | Predominantly through book sales. He's been investigated and was found to have crossed all the t's and dotted the i's. He's a dick but keeps clean books. | [
"On March 30, 2012, Luebke agreed to a four-year extension with the Padres worth a guaranteed $12 million that includes 2 club options for 2016 and 2017. He received a $500,000 bonus for the deal. He earned $0.5 million in 2012, $1 million in 2013, $3 million in 2014 and $5.25 million in 2015. His 2016 option was w... |
Does distance affect heat produced from light? | The amount of energy an object will receive per unit of time (power) from a light source certainly does change with distance but the size (and even sign) of the effect depends on the nature of the light source.
Lets start off with a normal point source like a light bulb. The light leaving the bulb at any given time ex... | [
"BULLET::::- He consolidated and enhanced the results of Desains, Forbes, Knoblauch and others demonstrating that the principal properties of visible light can be reproduced for radiant heat – namely reflection, refraction, diffraction, polarisation, depolarisation, double refraction, and rotation in a magnetic fie... |
why do we go through so much security to get on an airplane but virtually none for any other mass transit? | Mostly not especially logical hysteria post 9/11 for things like taking off your shoes and not bringing liquids. But airplanes have always had more security because airplanes are more vulnerable to attack and hijacking (which is what people *used* to be afraid of before terroists slammed them into skyscrapers) since th... | [
"Air transportation security in the United States is regulated by the TSA, an agency of the US Department of Homeland Security. Passengers must provide a valid federal or state-issued ID in order to be allowed onto a flight. A person must also go through a pat-down procedure or a body scan before boarding a flight ... |
(or like... hs): why does my stomach get upset when i'm stressed? | stress is a response left over from the era when it was very likely for a lion (or some guy who wants our food) to try to kill us with very little warning. so when you feel like a lion could pop out at any moment, you become stressed. when you are stressed, your body's long term functions (digestion, immune system, c... | [
"One explanation for the connection between inflammation and depression symptoms, is that depression is a disorder that stems from immune responses across the body. Due in large part to the systems that bring them about both involving the same pro-inflammatory cytokines, the suggestion is that strong or prolonged ... |
why are g-protein receptors the target for more than half of the drugs? | G-protein receptors are very common receptors that need to be activated in order to trigger a cascade of reactions within the cell. They are involved in a large amount of common processes that can often go wrong in people (e.g. inflammation, glucose homeostasis, etc.). This makes an obvious target for drugs because the... | [
"G protein-coupled receptors comprise a large protein family of transmembrane receptors. They are found only in eukaryotes. The ligands which bind and activate these receptors include: photosensitive compounds, odors, pheromones, hormones, and neurotransmitters. These vary in size from small molecules to peptides a... |
Does flushing help or hinder a drought? | The problem with flushing is that you then fill your tank back up and use more water. If you live in an area with a drought, you should use less water, including flushing less regularly, taking shorter showers, turning off the water while brushing your teeth/washing you face, etc. | [
"Drought can cause plants to suffer from water stress and wilt. Adequate irrigation is required during prolonged hot, dry periods. Rather than shallow daily watering, during a drought water should be directed towards the roots, ensuring that the soil is thoroughly soaked two or three times a week. Mulches also help... |
why do people feel mentally clear when fasting? | When you're fasting, the brain gets energy from ketone bodies instead of sugar, and some people experience mental clarity that way. [Some people use a ketogenic diet for epilepsy relief](_URL_0_) and adding supplemental ketones to the diet of Navy divers [prevents seizures related to oxygen toxicity.](_URL_1_)
The ke... | [
"The act of fasting represents the condition experienced by the needy, who although already hungry must also fast for Ramadan. Muslims fast by denying themselves food, water and all related sexual activity with their spouses, but people with chronic diseases or unhealthy conditions such as diabetes, and children ar... |
What is the best Frederick the Great biography? | Iron Kingdom by Christopher Clark is more the general history of Prussia in 800 pages, from the Hohenzollern family all the way to the post-WWII division of Germany. While not specifically about Frederick the Great, it includes lots of material about the man and his rule. Great citation material for projects about Ge... | [
"One of his most influential books is \"Frederick II: A Medieval Emperor\", first published in England in 1988 and reprinted many times in several Italian editions. Here he looks at an iconic figure from the Middle Ages from a new perspective, criticizing the views of the famous German historian Ernst Kantorowicz c... |
Song Dynasty China was said to be close to an industrial revolution. Was there anything "lost" during periods afterwards? Was the Song really more likely to industrialize than it's successors? | I would point you to the answers that others and I made in this [thread](_URL_0_) regarding Song state institutions, the role it played in the Song's tremendous economic growth, and how later dynasty's diverged from the Song model.
I would also add that the Song was birthed from a unique period of time in Chinese his... | [
"During the Song Dynasty (960–1279), the country experienced a revolution in agriculture, water transport, finance, urbanization, science and technology, which made the Chinese economy the most advanced in the world from about 1100. Mastery of wet-field rice cultivation opened up the hitherto underdeveloped south o... |
Can complex life evolve on a moon? | The earth has lots of variation too; 24-hour day/night cycle, tilted axis causing seasonal changes, and the distance to the sun varies something like 5 million kilometers throughout the year. The reason why those changes aren't too bad for life, is because we have an atmosphere to help equalize the temperatures. With a... | [
"Lathe's research has led him to develop a theory that without the Moon, there would be no life on Earth. When life began, Earth orbited much more closely to the Moon than it does now, causing massive tides every few hours, which in turn caused rapid cycling of salinity levels on coastlines and may have driven the ... |
why do some artists choose not to upload their singles on youtube, even ones that are decades old? wouldn't they make lots of money from advertisement? | A lot of songs are not property of the artist themselves, who would probably love to be making money off their own work.. | [
"Due to file sharing via the Internet and changing consumer markets, the number of records an artist has sold is not necessarily indicative of how popular or important that artist is. There are Swedish hip hop acts who release records for what they know is going to be an economic loss, in hope of earning their mone... |
if i put a candle on fire and a bug and put them under a glass cup..when the fire depleates all the oxygen inside will the bug eventualy die suficating? | I flame needs approx 13% oxygen to sustain the flame, I have no idea what an insect needs to sustain life. | [
"Joseph Priestley, a chemist and minister, discovered that, when he isolated a volume of air under an inverted jar, and burned a candle in it (which gave off CO), the candle would burn out very quickly, much before it ran out of wax. He further discovered that a mouse could similarly \"injure\" air. He then showed ... |
how do bees track a missing queen? | Pheromones! The worker bees can smell their queen. They use chemical signals, especially wheb distressed. That queen is probably very scared and all the workers are trying to protect her because they can smell her fear. | [
"For those who don't know, the queen excluder is a series of parallel wires placed closely together in a bee hive. It sits between the lower brood boxes and the upper supers, the boxes where the honey is stored. It functions to keep the queen from laying eggs in the boxes that contain the honey in them. She's too b... |
why cans/tins of foods such as soup and fruit, as well as jars of food, are mainly cylindrical rather than other forms, such as cuboidal. | Canning involves changing the pressure on the inside of the vessel, and using a shape that has edges makes those points weak spots which could collapse, crack, or break. By being round, all the pressure on them is distributed equally around, like an archway in a stone wall. It's also one of the most efficient storage s... | [
"Cans come in a variety of shapes: two common ones are the \"soup tin\" and the \"tuna tin\". Walls are often stiffened with rib bulges, especially on larger cans, to help the can resist dents that can cause seams to split.\n",
"Most cans are right circular cylinders with identical and parallel round tops and bot... |
the difference between philology and linguistics. | There's definitely a (venn diagram style) overlap. Linguistics primarily questions the relation of signifier (sign/sound/the noise that comes out of your mouth when you say the word "tree"/the 4 letters T R E E next to each other on a page) and signified (the actual physical living tree that you can see and touch) and... | [
"Philology is the study of language in oral and written historical sources; it is the intersection of textual criticism, literary criticism, history, and linguistics. Philology is more commonly defined as the study of literary texts as well as oral and written records, the establishment of their authenticity and th... |
what exactly happened to make julian assange and wikileaks go from loved to hated? | He didn't go from loved to hated. He was and remains incredibly divisive. People tend to have very polarised views and either love or hate him.
What he did, and continues to do, is release private (often classified) information from governments, corporations and organisations. He is variously viewed as a vigilante, a... | [
"On April 11, 2019 Assange was arrested after being taken from the Ecuadorian embassy. The U.S in the Justice Department believes that with the position at Wikileaks during the 2016 elections he had a key role in the Russian attack on the 2016 elections. During the same election had had released DNC staff flies as ... |
Is there any historical documents or autobiographies of what it was like being a king? | I immediately thought of the "political last wills" or "political testaments" that have been written by various rulers throughout the ages. Depending on the individual text they fluctuate between self-justification, political autobiography, philosophical musings about the nature of monarchical rule and recommendations/... | [
"The first king who appears in multiple early sources is Bridei son of Maelchon, and kings from the later 6th century onwards may be considered historical as their deaths are generally reported in Irish sources.\n",
"Baile Chuind Chétchathaig (\"The Vision of Conn of the Hundred Battles\") is an Old Irish list of... |
the feeling of "touch" on a molecular level. | When you touch something the cell walls of your nerves are stretched (think pushing on a balloon). Protein complexes in the cell walls of your nerves are stretched as well. This stretching opens a channel down the middle of the protein and let's ions from outside the cell in. The change in voltage of the cell results ... | [
"The sense of touch, or tactile perception, is what allows organisms to feel the world around them. The environment acts as an external stimulus, and tactile perception is the act of passively exploring the world to simply sense it. To make sense of the stimuli, an organism will undergo active exploration, or hapti... |
why does a small cloud form at the top of a newly-opened, cold soda bottle? | The rapid depressurization lowers the vapor pressure of that little volume of air in the top of the bottle, and the humidity in that air rapidly condenses into that little cloud. | [
"The conversion of dissolved carbon dioxide to gaseous carbon dioxide forms rapidly expanding gas bubbles in the soda, which pushes the beverage contents out of the container. Gases, in general, are more soluble in liquids at elevated pressures. Carbonated sodas contain elevated levels of carbon dioxide under press... |
how are gift cards validated and activated at checkout? are their serial numbers stored in a database and then marked as activated? how are they activated when their numbers haven’t been scratched off? | Point of sale system (POS) scans a barcode on the gift card. This barcode is specific to the gift card, and allows the card to be identified without the card number or pin.
The retailer accepts cash, the POS records a transaction on the retailers ledger. Then, the POS sends the transaction information to the gift card... | [
"Some card issuers also use activation-during-shopping (ADS), in which cardholders who are not registered with the scheme are offered the opportunity of signing up (or forced into signing up) during the purchase process. This will typically take them to a form in which they are expected to confirm their identity by... |
how to calculate mechanical advantage of a pulley system | ratio 500/10 = 50 , answer b
If they show a diagram the trick is to imagine the load raised by 1cm and follow how many cm of rope you could pull free as a result·
Simplest machines:
- inclined plane
- pulley
- lever (3 classes of lever)
| [
"Some mechanical linear actuators only pull, such as hoists, chain drive and belt drives. Others only push (such as a cam actuator). Pneumatic and hydraulic cylinders, or lead screws can be designed to generate force in both directions.\n",
"Pulleys were constructed of wood, iron, steel or a combination thereof. ... |
why are companies who get fined by the government fined for so little? | Because the fines are set, in part, by a combination of laws designed for older currency values, and also in part by lobbies in the industry pulling for smaller wrist-slaps. | [
"Companies that do not comply with the restrictive trade practices provisions of CCA may be fined by the Federal Court. There are three ways the maximum fine can be calculated. The maximum possible fine is the larger of A$10,000,000; or three times the value of the illegal benefit; or (if the value of the benefit c... |
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