Split (2)

train · 226k rows

question stringlengths 3 301	answer stringlengths 9 26.1k	context list
when people go to the beach... men are shirtless with shorts (sometimes speedos 😳) and women are wearing a two piece (sometimes topless 😈) why is it that we freak out when people see us in our underwear, and we are perfectly fine when people see us in our “beach underwear” ? 🤔	Context is important. I'm not surprised to see a hot dog at a hot dog stand. I'd be surprised if I opened my wallet to pay for a hot dog and it only had a hot dog inside. I'm not surprised to see beach clothing at a beach, but would be concerned if I'm about to go into surgery and the surgeon shows up in a speedo.	[ "Underwear is sometimes partly exposed for fashion reasons or to titillate. A woman may, for instance, allow the top of her brassiere to be visible from under her collar, or wear a see-through blouse over it. Some men wear T-shirts underneath partly or fully unbuttoned shirts. A common style among young men (2018) ...
what happens when you get new glasses?	Pretty much, yeah. Your brain can adapt pretty fast. An experiment with upside down glasses revealed that it takes a few weeks for the brain to adjust. The person's brain literally adapted to it, and his vision flipped itself rightside up. Your brain just got used to a slightly blurred vision and adjusted accordingly....	[ "The glasses appear to be more susceptible to damage than the screwdriver; in \"The Girl Who Died\", a Viking warrior takes the glasses off the Doctor's face and easily breaks them in half. Nevertheless, the glasses continue to appear via replacement or repair until the end of the season. They return the following ...
why is it that when you're in a plane and the plane is turning sideways, your hair doesn't also gravitate towards the actual ground of earth but keeps gravitating towards the floor of the airplane?	Same reason water stays in a bucket when you swing it over your head. Centrifugal force.	[ "Another problem in this maneuver is that higher lift from the faster moving outside wing will roll the airplane to the left (or to the right). Most pilots find holding forward right (or left) stick necessary throughout the pivot.\n", "no rotational acceleration (a turn). If you turn either your aircraft or your ...
how does nicotine affect a body's dopamine level?	There's really a ton of misinformation about this. People will tell you that nicotine releases dopamine because it's pleasurable, or it's pleasurable because it releases dopamine, but neither of those is very accurate at all. First off, there is no such thing as your "dopamine level". Neurotransmitters are not like ...	[ "Nicotine activates nicotinic receptors (particularly α4β2 nicotinic receptors) on neurons that innervate the ventral tegmental area and within the mesolimbic pathway where it appears to cause the release of dopamine. This nicotine-induced dopamine release occurs at least partially through activation of the choline...
how are blind people taught to understand the world? how much do they truly understand about their shape and the shape of other things?	Blind people simply can’t see. They will never understand colour, or what it means for things to look beautiful, but they still have their other senses. Don’t underestimate how good sound is for building up an understanding of the space you are standing in. Blind people can also touch things and easily understand thei...	[ "A sighted child who is reading at a basic level should be able to understand common words and answer simple questions about the information presented. They should also have enough fluency to get through the material in a timely manner. Over the course of a child's education, these foundations are built on to teach...
If a duke in medieval England, France, or Germany wanted his second son to inherit his lands and titles, would he have any way of disinheriting his oldest son?	In England, it would depend on a couple of things. If the real property were held in fee tail (Entailed) a person would need the agreement of the heir to break the fee tail. If a tail could not be broken, the ancestor/father could leave all of his personal property,money or unentailed real property any way that ...	[ "The duke, a descendant through a morganatic marriage of the royal family of Württemberg, was the elder son of Albert's aunt, Princess Florestine of Monaco. Although he was ineligible to inherit the crown of his patrilineal ancestors in Germany, given the line of succession to the Monegasque throne at that time, th...
why does coffee help a hangover?	Hangovers, in ELI5 terms, are a specific case of dehydration. Caffeine is a diuretic, meaning it makes you pee more, which doesn't help the dehydration causing you to feel like crap. However, hangovers leave you feeling sluggish, tired and achey. Caffeine is a stimulant, which helps to perk your body up, helping you o...	[ "Coffee enemas can cause serious side effects (some common to other types of enemas), including infections, sepsis, severe electrolyte imbalance, colitis, proctocolitis, salmonella, brain abscess, and heart failure. If the coffee is inserted too quickly or is too hot, it could cause internal burning or rectal perfo...
why do diseases only do bad things to us? why are there no diseases/viruses that are actually good for us?	Yes, there are good diseases. For instance, retroviruses and bornaviruses account for 8-9% of the human genetic code, and the same is true for most mammals and birds. One pretty useful thing retroviruses help with is the formation of the placenta and differentiation early in fetal development. These genes have been ...	[ "Common human diseases caused by viruses include the common cold, the flu, chickenpox and cold sores. Serious diseases such as Ebola and AIDS are also caused by viruses. Many viruses cause little or no disease and are said to be \"benign\". The more harmful viruses are described as virulent.\n", "In \"Germs Go Gl...
how does the water table work? i just did deep enough and then there's water? why aren't deep caves flooded then?	> I just did deep enough and then there's water? basically. if you had a cup of water, and added sand until the top was dry, you would have a water table. you can do this near the beach. dig down a bit and the sand is wet. the earth is a bit more complicated, though. for instance, certain materials can form a barr...	[ "It is estimated that a cave cannot exceed in depth due to the pressure of overlying rocks. For karst caves the maximum depth is determined on the basis of the lower limit of karst forming processes, coinciding with the base of the soluble carbonate rocks. Most caves are formed in limestone by dissolution.\n", "A...
What kind of spices did the ancient Mesopotamians use?	From what we know (from texts and palaeobotanic studies), there were many spices that are also used in modern Middle Eastern cuisine, such as onion, garlic, coriander, cumin, fennel, cress, dill, mint, thyme, cardamom... In addition, we have words for spices attested in the texts where we are not entirely sure what p...	[ "The ritual use of spices was common in the classical era, in many instances spices were used in oils by soaking them or creating fragrances by burning them. However many of the spices that became common place in the late classical period were spices that were originally from countries outside of Roman territory an...
why after 30+ years of life do i still randomly choke on my own spit at random?	I've read that as we were evolving to allow for complex speech, the larynx dropped lower in our throats. This makes it a lot easier for us to choke, though. So it's just an annoying trade-off for being able to speak.	[ "According to Brittany, her mother also has an eating disorder and in an interview, Brittany describes how they would have \"the greatest time\" with \"chew and spit\"; chewing \"bags and bags of candy\" and spitting it out without swallowing. Her mother's experience of anorexia is touched upon in greater detail in...
with websites like expedia, and the ease of access to the internet, what exactly do travel agents do nowadays?	My friend is one. She sells travel packages to people who just don't want to deal with it, and there are a lot of people like that. There are people who don't "use the internet" or "trust the internet", there are people who just want to go somewhere and don't want to bother with the details of finding a hotel, flight, ...	[ "In response, travel agencies have developed an internet presence of their own by creating travel websites, with detailed information and online booking capabilities. Travel agencies also use the services of the major computer reservations systems companies, also known as Global Distribution Systems (GDS), includin...
How did WW1 armies know when individual soldiers died on the battlefield?	They kept records of these guys and their families. Each soldier wears tags identifying them, find a body with tags a telegram is dispatched. If they don't find a body but the soldier fails to appear or report in they are missing and after a while missing and presumed dead.	[ "The men at the front had to struggle with supply problems–there was a shortage of food; and disease was rife in the damp, rat-infested conditions. Along with enemy action, many soldiers had to contend with new diseases: trench foot, trench fever and trench nephritis. When the war ended in November 1918, British Ar...
How many people were really being sacrificed every year in the Aztec Empire before the Spanish arrived? I’ve heard claims it was in the tens of thousands or much lower.	I'll try and cover a few of your specific points, starting with the fact Apocalypto did not intend to portray the Aztecs, but the Maya. The film does (poorly) mash in some aspects of Aztec sacrifice, if only to further its goal of being colonialist apologia and torture porn. Fortunately, the sheer awfulness of the mo...	[ "Michael Harner, in his 1977 article \"The Enigma of Aztec Sacrifice\", cited an estimate by Borah of the number of persons sacrificed in central Mexico in the 15th century as high as 250,000 per year which may have been one percent of the population. Fernando de Alva Cortés Ixtlilxochitl, a Mexica descendant and t...
how slow can light be?	Slow light is the propagation of an optical pulse or other modulation of an optical carrier at a very low group velocity. Slow light occurs when a propagating pulse is substantially slowed down by the interaction with the medium in which the propagation takes place. In 1998, Danish physicist Lene Vestergaard Hau led a...	[ "A Slower Speed of Light is a freeware video game developed by MIT Game Lab that demonstrates the effects of special relativity by gradually slowing down the speed of light to a walking pace. The game runs on the Unity engine using the own open source OpenRelativity toolkit.\n", "Light propagates at 299,792,458 m...
[Meta] Some thoughts on warnings	Rule #1 of reddit: Mods are dictators by nature of the system. This sub understands that better than any around. Sounds like you were being a bit stone-minded about reposting an already removed comment. That does make perfect sense, and doesn't merit an extra rule in the list, as far as I'm concerned as a non-mod. ...	[ "BULLET::::- \"Warnings\" are messages explaining negative events, such as heavy acid rain falling on a world and therefore causing much damage there, medical problems with previous technological breakthroughs, major enemy military movements, or a toxic gas leak on a planet that results in losing the civilian popul...
why do opera singers put so much vibrato on everything? is it the only way to get the volume they need?	Voice major here... Vibrato ensures a continuous airstream from your diaphragm. It's an easy way to keep your muscles from gumming things up in the throat/jaw area, which can change the sound. Having your muscles truly loose and relaxed while singing makes for a truer more beautiful sound, and vibrato ensures that the...	[ "Traditionally, however, the deliberate cultivation of a particularly wide, pervasive vibrato by opera singers from the Latin countries has been denounced by English-speaking music critics and pedagogues as a technical fault and a stylistic blot (see Scott, cited below, Volume 1, pp. 123–127). They have expected vo...
why is it that current pop songs' lyrics are repetitive verses repeated over and over, compared to the pas,t when lyrics were very diverse with different verses?	Pop music is written around a formula that bastardizes the idea of the hook, which is the part of a song that draws you in and usually it's the part that gets stuck in your head. It's not a new idea for pop songs to just repeat the same lines over and over. It's been a popular method since the 1980s at least. Songs lik...	[ "Some of their lyrics are notable for their unusual meter patterns; a prime example of this is their 1972 hit \"Reelin' In the Years\", which crams an unusually large number of words into each line, giving it a highly syncopated quality.\n", "Most of the songs have only a few verses and the majority of them are a...
why is light the fastest thing in the universe and not any other wave?	when we use light in that statement we mean the entire spectrum, not just visible light. So essentially 'radiation' is the fastest thing in the universe	[ "In the abstract for her paper, \"Complex Speeds and Special Relativity,\" Asaro writes \"The quest to find faster‐than‐light particles has intrigued physicists for decades, though it has yet to turn up any real candidates. Even if a superluminal universe does exist, we have no way to reach it given that we must go...
What was European cooking like before the introduction of Asian spices?	While you wait for more qualified people to answer, here's a section of the FAQ that may tide you over: _URL_5_ Also, you'll need to be a little more specific about time frame and/or location within Europe, as well as which level of society you're asking about. My understanding is that in 12th-century England and no...	[ "Beginning in the 16th century, successive waves of Europeans—the Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch and British—sought to dominate the spice trade at its sources in India and the 'Spice Islands' (Maluku) of Indonesia. This meant finding a way to Asia to cut out Muslim merchants who, with their Venetian outlet in the Medit...
Why do women have 2 ovaries? Why can't there be just one ovary?	The same question can e asked of why men have two testicles - the are developmentally synonymous. Procreation is the fundamental root of evolutionary biology, thus our ancestors with two gonads were likely more successful in reporducing	[ "Birds have only one functional ovary (the left), while the other remains vestigial. Ovaries in females are analogous to testes in males, in that they are both gonads and endocrine glands. Ovaries of some kind are found in the female reproductive system of many animals that employ sexual reproduction, including inv...
What was the mainstream Roman take on the god of the Judeans?	The average Roman didn't think much of Judaism, because they didn't think of them at all. Among those who actually cared about such matters, Judaism was likely seen as another weird Eastern cult, but with respectable venerability. Jews themselves had a poor reputation, at least going by Tacitus, who stereotyped them as...	[ "The \"Religio Romana\" (literally, the \"Roman Religion\") constituted the major religion of the city in antiquity. The first gods held sacred by the Romans were Jupiter, the most high, and Mars, god of war, and father of Rome's twin founders, Romulus and Remus, according to tradition. The goddess Vesta became an ...
What would happen if we started pumping huge amounts of water into the middle of the Sahara Desert?	For an understanding of how to do this and make it work, ie keep the water--in this case seas water--there and grow things with it, see the [Sahara Forest Project](_URL_0_). Their proposals involve using solar power to desalinize sea water, that would then be used to grow crops and trees, initially in an onsite greenho...	[ "The first person to suggest flooding large parts of the Sahara desert was the writer Jules Verne in his book \"Invasion of the Sea\". Plans to use the Qattara Depression for the generation of electricity reportedly date back to 1912 from Berlin geographer Albrecht Penck. \n", "Scientists agree that the existence...
if a room temperature object is left in outer space for an hour, would it come back colder, warmer, or the same temperature?	Heat is also transferred by radiation, which does not require a medium (particles, like air/water/etc). Your object in space would radiate heat and start to cool, but you also have to account for incoming radiation (from the Sun, for one example). So, your answer depends quite a lot on where you put the object. If the ...	[ "If changes in external temperatures or internal heat generation changes are too rapid for the equilibrium of temperatures in space to take place, then the system never reaches a state of unchanging temperature distribution in time, and the system remains in a transient state.\n", "Human comfort levels must also ...
Is there such a thing as being "in the zone" or "having momentum" in sports?	There is a psychology term known as [Flow](_URL_0_) > Flow is the mental state of operation in which a person in an activity is fully immersed in a feeling of energized focus, full involvement, and success in the process of the activity. Proposed by Mihály Csíkszentmihályi, the positive psychology concept has been wi...	[ "Roy Palmer suggests that \"being in the zone\" may also influence movement patterns as better integration of the conscious and subconscious reflex functions improves coordination. Many athletes describe the effortless nature of their performance while achieving personal bests.\n", "The concept of \"being in the ...
AskScience Cosmos Q & A thread. Episode 1: Standing Up in the Milky Way	When I majored in astrophysics, I was taught that the universe is 13.7 billion years old. In Cosmos tonight, Neil deGrasse Tyson was saying 13.8 billion years. Has it really been that long since I was in university?	[ "\"Standing Up in the Milky Way\" is the first aired episode of the American documentary television series \"\". It premiered on March 9, 2014, simultaneously on various Fox television networks, including National Geographic Channel, FX, Fox Life, and others. The episode is presented by the series host astrophysici...
If your body produces antibodies after defeating a pathogen indefinitely, when an individual gets exposed to many pathogens throughout their life, will they have a larger antibody density in their blood? Is there a limit to this?	Antibodies are made as you require them. They are made by lymphocytes, after an infection you havea low number lymphocytes called memory cells in your blood these can build the antibodies required if you are exposed to the pathogen again. The original process of producing an antibody for an infection is a random proce...	[ "Even if the host does develop antibodies, protection might not be adequate; immunity might develop too slowly to be effective in time, the antibodies might not disable the pathogen completely, or there might be multiple strains of the pathogen, not all of which are equally susceptible to the immune reaction. Howev...
why aren't there any laws limiting the use of plastic?	Because people want plastic things, a lot. The innovation of plastic products completely changed the world. People in general don't want to stop using plastic.	[ "Recycling, banning, and taxation fails to adequately reduce the pollution caused by plastic bags. An alternative to these policies would be to increase extended producer responsibility. In the US, under the Clinton presidency, the President's Council on Sustainable Development suggested EPR in order to target diff...
In "The Dialectic of Sex," Shulamith Firestone claims that childhood was essentially an invention of the 15th century, and that before that point male children were treated as adults and functioned perfectly well in adult society. Is this true?	I'm not familiar with Firestone's book, but I've written a few times on childhood and adolescence in the premodern world here on AH. * [Historiography of children and childhood](_URL_0_) * [Is adolescence an invention of the 20th century?](_URL_1_) (This has more to do with teenage-hood as a distinct life stage) Ment...	[ "Her book \"Meanings of Sex Difference in the Middle Age: Medicine, Science, and Culture\" (1993) was groundbreaking in its examination of sex and gender, and has deeply influenced subsequent scholarship. Cadden examines the discussions of sexual difference from Aristotle through the fourteenth century, revealing a...
Is time dilation the same at every black-hole event horizon?	Might I be able to also ask a question regarding black holes, their shape etc.? From what I understand, there's a region on the edge of the event horizon is a photon sphere where photons moving on a tangent to this will become trapped in orbit. However when I've seen pictures regarding black holes - particularly sho...	[ "There are real phenomena that cause time dilation similar that of a stasis field. Extremely high velocities approaching light speed or immensely powerful gravitational fields such as those existing near the event horizons of black holes will cause time to progress more slowly. However, there is no known theoretica...
why is it so difficult for the medical community to give a straight answer about how much a procedure/appointment/etc. will cost?	The doctors and nurses don't even know how much shit costs. They just say what work they've done & the billing department handles the prices. Billing can't give you a straight answer because they have different rates for cash payments or insurance. Every insurance company negotiates a set of rates they'll pay fo...	[ "The American Medical Association showed that asking simple single item questions, such as \"How confident are you in filling out medical forms by yourself?\", is a very effective and direct way to understand from a patient's point of view how they feel about interacting with their healthcare provider and understan...
do programs like lumosity have any measurable benefit to cognitive abilities? or is it all just hype?	Using Lumosity regularly makes you better at Lumosity. It might be of more benefit to your cognition than staring at a wall and picking your nose, but it's mostly hype and pseudoscience	[ "Kable researches cognitive neuroscience. His work has suggested that an individual's approach to risk in decision making is correlated with the anatomical structure of the brain. Another of Kable's projects concluded that \"Brain Training\" using Lumosity software “appears to have no benefits in healthy young adul...
How was helium identified from the continuous spectrum of the sun?	The sun's photosphere is cooler than the regions below it, creating absorption lines. If you point a spectrometer at the sun you don't get a continuous spectrum, you get a continuous spectrum superimposed with black lines where the particular wavelength was absorbed by the cooler upper atmosphere. Those absorption line...	[ "The first evidence of helium was observed on August 18, 1868, as a bright yellow line with a wavelength of 587.49 nanometers in the spectrum of the chromosphere of the Sun. The line was detected by French astronomer Jules Janssen during a total solar eclipse in Guntur, India. This line was initially assumed to be ...
What would the ramifications of a lack of causality be?	Unpredictability. The equations of motion lose existence and uniqueness. Given a certain initial condition at time t, there might not exist a solution to later time, or there might be infinite equally valid. Essentially the Universe doesn't know what to do with itself, and even if it does, there is no way of predicting...	[ "Causal determinism has a strong relationship with predictability. Perfect predictability implies strict determinism, but lack of predictability does not necessarily imply lack of determinism. Limitations on predictability could be caused by factors such as a lack of information or excessive complexity. \n", "Som...
why do vodka sodas dehydrate me?	The metabolism of alcohol requires the presence of water, and alcohol itself is a diuretic which results in less available water in your body. Edit: To expand on this, the amount of water in your mixed drink is probably insufficient to hold off dehydration after your body has processed the alcohol. Everyone has an in...	[ "In some countries, black-market or \"bathtub\" vodka is widespread because it can be produced easily and avoid taxation. However, severe poisoning, blindness, or death can occur as a result of dangerous industrial ethanol substitutes being added by black-market producers. In March 2007 in a documentary, BBC News U...
why when running on a treadmill usually i'm really tired at 15 min mark, almost dead at 20 min, and ok at 30 min mark ?	It actually comes from where your body gets it's energy from. For the first 15-20 minutes your body is burning it's glycogen storage which comes from sugar. After your body has run out of its primary source of energy it runs on fumes until your body starts burning your fat storage. This doesn't kick in until around tha...	[ "BULLET::::- Treadmill training – Many treadmills have programs set up that offer numerous different workout plans. One effective cardiovascular activity would be to switch between running and walking. Typically warm up first by walking and then switch off between walking for three minutes and running for three min...
where did the term "fired" originate from?	[Etymology Online](_URL_0_) says it is recorded by 1885 (with out; 1887 alone) in American English. This probably is a play on the two meanings of discharge (v.): "to dismiss from a position," and "to fire a gun," influenced by the earlier general sense "throw (someone) out" of some place (1871). To fire out "drive out...	[ "The term \"feu\" (French for \"fire\" from the Latin \"focus\" meaning \"hearth\") meant, especially in the Middle Ages, the hearth, first in the strict sense (the place where the fire burns) and figuratively: the family home (cf. the expression \"without fire or place\") or the family itself. Very quickly, it was...
What rank would a soldier have to be to avoid going 'over the top' in WWI?	That's a very interesting question, and relates a lot to a common perception that, once a certain level of authority is reached, the individual is less likely to participate in combat. That is a very generalised view, of course, and as such not entirely correct. An army is a very rigid organization and must be tightl...	[ "BULLET::::- Many of the generals of World War I had experience in combat, but only from the days before trench warfare became widespread. Because of this, officers lacked the experience that in the past had made it viable to command troops from a distance.\n", "During World War II, he served in the Royal Artille...
how do some people become the mod of dozens of subreddits?	You'd have to ask the people who made the decision to add them, we don't know. The thought process for each individual mod invite was probably different. I'm not sure but it's also possible that they did stuff like CSS work. There are some people who do design and CSS stuff for lots of subreddits so they have mod powe...	[ "Subreddits are overseen by moderators, Reddit users who earn the title by creating a subreddit or being promoted by a current moderator. These moderators are volunteers who manage their communities, set and enforce community-specific rules, remove posts and comments that violate these rules, and generally work to ...
What was the video-recording format in the USSR/Ex-socialist countries ? Was there an equivalent to VHS ?	I'm not an expert on The Soviet Union but I have a strong interest in and experience with tech. So a Soviet expert may be able to add a lot to the discussion. But to quickly answer your main question, the main format used popularly in the USSR was VHS and the VCR. There were other forms of magnetic recording devices ...	[ "The first video cassette recorder (VCR) to become available was the U-matic system, released in September 1971. U-matic was designed for commercial or professional television production use, and was not affordable or user-friendly for home videos or home movies. The first consumer-grade VCR to be released was the ...
; why can't they just give the 12 boys and the football coach who were found in the cave in thailand oxygen masks so they can swim out? why do they need to teach them to dive or wait for the flood to recede?	There's a lot more to diving than just putting on a mask and swimming. For example, if one of the boys gets scared and holds his breath, then ascends, his lungs could rupture quite easily. They need to make sure that the boys can dive safely before they can use that as an escape method.	[ "On 23 June 2018, a group of twelve boys aged between 11 and 16, who went to explore Tham Luang Nang Non with their assistant football coach, aged 25, went missing. The group was found 10 days later. They were part of a local junior football team. The cave they entered became flooded. Thai Navy SEAL divers had been...
- why is it so hard for companies doing political surveys to actually predict the elections?	Really? The _vast_ majority of polling is very accurate - we just only pay attention to it in the few situations where the polling was "wrong". Polling is difficult because you are trying to take a small sample of people and extrapolate what you learn from them to a population as a whole. Ensuring that the sample is...	[ "In politics it is common to attempt to predict the outcome of elections via political forecasting techniques (or assess the popularity of politicians) through the use of opinion polls. Prediction games have been used by many corporations and governments to learn about the most likely outcome of future events.\n", ...
why is human diet so complex?	A big part is just convienece and choice. Animals with "higher" capacity for reason can figure out optimal ways to get food and therefore the option to be picky. Most animals don't have the range primarily because they're both evolved to live in a certain area and they have a lower count of things that they're require...	[ "Humans are omnivorous, capable of consuming a wide variety of plant and animal material. Varying with available food sources in regions of habitation, and also varying with cultural and religious norms, human groups have adopted a range of diets, from purely vegan to primarily carnivorous. In some cases, dietary r...
What killed off the mega fauna?	Traditionally this has been ascribed either to the influence of humans on the environment or climate change, although occasionally disease has been tossed around as a hypothesis. Lately, many scientists have been siding with the climate change view. [This study suggests otherwise.](_URL_0_) It would appear from glob...	[ "During the American megafaunal extinction event around 12,700YBP, 90genera of mammals weighing over became extinct. The extinction of the large carnivores and scavengers is thought to have been caused by the extinction of the megaherbivore prey upon which they depended. The cause of the extinction of the megafauna...
ip addresses, subnet masks and why some ip addresses can see others on the same network?	An IPv4 address is just 4 bytes; each number between the dots is in a range of 0 to 255. Take 192.168.60.1 In binary that's 11000000.10101000.00111100.00000001. Now take a subnet like 255.255.224.0 In binary that's 11111111.11111111.11110000.00000000 Notice how all of the bits are together? The part of the address t...	[ "Today, IP addresses are associated with a subnet mask. This was not required in a classful network because the mask was implied by the address itself; Any network device would inspect the first few bits of the IP address to determine the class of the address and thus its netmask.\n", "The term \"subnet mask\" is...
When accelerating close to c, the universe appears to contract. We see the universe as expanding. Is it possible that this is some related phenomenon and that the universe isn't actually expanding?	No, these are two different phenomena (which are, by the way, both accounted for in the mathematics, so aren't being mistaken for one another!). Two observers who are moving at different speeds will measure lengths differently - this is what you're referring to with contraction - but there's no such set-up in cosmology...	[ "Since the Hubble \"constant\" is a constant only in space, not in time, the radius of the Hubble sphere may increase or decrease over various time intervals. The subscript '0' indicates the value of the Hubble constant today. Current evidence suggests that the expansion of the universe is accelerating (\"see\" Acc...
is space observation in real time?	everything you see is delayed. you seeing the sun is 8 minutes delayed. you watching the moon is 1.3seconds delayed. you looking at jupiter yesterday was 35-52minutes delayed. you looking at the North star 323 YEARS delayed. when you look thru a telescope at andromeda galaxy, you're looking 2.25 million years dela...	[ "In each reference frame, an observer can use a local coordinate system (usually Cartesian coordinates in this context) to measure lengths, and a clock to measure time intervals. An event is something that happens at a point in space at an instant of time, or more formally a point in spacetime. The transformations ...
Are there any cells in the human body that don't need oxygen?	Red blood cells! It actually makes quite a bit of sense, because red blood cells exist in order to transport oxygen, and if they required oxygen, they would be much less efficient in that endeavor.	[ "Oxygen is needed by almost all organisms for the purpose of generating ATP. It is also a key component of most other biological compounds, such as water, amino acids and DNA. Human blood contains a large amount of oxygen. Human bones contain 28% oxygen. Human tissue contains 16% oxygen. A typical 70-kilogram human...
What were the different techniques used for making swords across different cultures and time periods?	You're not the only one who loves swords! I was just saying the other day how much I miss the old Highlander TV series, but anyway... here's my quick round-up of posts discussing sword-making techniques. If anyone remembers any more, add the link as a reply & we'll create an entry in the "popular questions" wiki. -...	[ "Italian martial arts is the use of weapons (swords, daggers, walking stick and staff). Each weapon is the product of a specific historical era. The swords used in Italian martial arts range from the gladius of the Roman legionaries to swords which were developed during the renaissance, the baroque era and later. S...
why do cities restrict the maximum height of structures?	There's quite a few reasons. * Higher buildings mean a denser downtown core, causing greater traffic and possibly pollution issues as people come to work from bedroom communities and search for a place to park. So unless you have good public transport (which can be quite expensive to build if not in place already), co...	[ "Building height: 2.5 m (8' +/-) to 7.5 m (24' +/-) is common. Height is primarily limited by the capability of the wall panel to support the wind load. Height may be limited in narrow buildings due to shear capacity limit in the gable endwalls.\n", "Among the restrictions in force within the zone is a ban on the...
why are the soles of our feet so sensitive if they’re the main (and often only) point of contact with the ground?	Most likely because you wear shoes which keep your feet baby soft. My kids go barefoot a lot and can walk across gravel without a problem.	[ "The soles of the feet are extremely sensitive to touch due to a high concentration of nerve endings, with as many as 200,000 per sole. This makes them sensitive to surfaces that are walked on, ticklish and some people find them to be erogenous zones.\n", "The sole is a sensory organ by which we can perceive the ...
Did 13th century English knights fight on foot?	This answer focuses on the Anglo-Norman period, so earlier than the 13th century. But since OP was interested in English knights fighting on foot before the 14th century, I guess this will still be of interest. In "Warfare under the Anglo-Norman Kings 1066-1135", Stephen Morrillo argues that combined arms tactics ...	[ "Many knights during Medieval battles fought on foot. Attacks would be carried out on horseback only under favorable conditions. If the enemy infantry was equipped with polearms and fought in tight formations it was not possible to charge without heavy losses. A fairly common solution to this was for the men-at-arm...
how is a modern minted coin ever worth more than its face value, isn't that exactly what money is a guarantee that you money will be what it says it's worth?	....an official currency coinage is only ever worth exactly its face value. are you thinking about those tv commercials for gold clad coins? those coins are produced by a company named National Mint or something stupid like that. those are collector scams. they're not worth anything.	[ "Coins of the United States dollar (aside from those of the earlier Continental currency) were first minted in 1792. New coins have been produced annually and they make up a valuable aspect of the United States currency system. Today, circulating coins exist in denominations of 1¢ (i.e. 1 cent or $0.01), 5¢, 10¢, 2...
In what year and battle did the last recorded charge of knights in heavy armor occur? What conflict last saw widespread use of knights in heavy armor?	If you by "knights" mean armoured cavalry consisting solely of noblemen, then the charge of the Polish crown army consisting of mostly [Polish winged hussars](_URL_0_), although they had stopped wearing the wings at that time, in the Battle of [Kliszow 1702](_URL_1_). The Polish cavalry threw the Swedish cavalry into d...	[ "One of the greatest distinguishing marks of the knightly class was the flying of coloured banners, to display power and to distinguish knights in battle and in tournaments. Knights are generally \"armigerous\" (bearing a coat of arms), and indeed they played an essential role in the development of heraldry. As hea...
Another military or logistics question, how does an army pass a mountain, whether it's supposedly impassable or passable?	They (typically. Some people tried some crazy things) just went through known passes, which is why mountains are such great natural defenses. If there are only a small number of passes the defending army knows exactly where their enemy is coming through and can wait for them. Many mountain passes (esp. high mountain pa...	[ "For the crossing of the mountains, the Army was divided into two main columns, the first, commanded by Captain General San Martín and supported by Brigadier Major Miguel Estanislao Soler and Brigadier Bernardo O'Higgins, would take the Los Patos Pass and the second, commanded by Colonel Juan Gregorio de las Heras,...
how does a pro gamer make a living after he / she retires?	It's a bit of a tough question to answer as the pro gaming industry hasn't delivered that many retirements so far. However, if they follow a gathering based on not just their skill, but also their personality, they could complete a full career by Twitch (subscriptions, ads, donations) and YouTube (ads, sponsorships, P...	[ "In Career mode, the game puts the player in responsibility of a workshop where they must complete tasks that involve modifying pre-built computers, (e.g. removing viruses, adding new parts) or outright building a brand new computer to earn in-game cash, which can be spent on purchasing brand new parts, including c...
how do spam telemarketers make money since almost everyone just hangs up?	With VOIP and cheap offshore labor, it costs virtually nothing to make those calls - partly because no one answers, or hangs up immediately. If you make 10,000 calls - that's every number in an exchange - and get three or four bites, you've made money.	[ "BULLET::::- Telemarketing fraud takes a number of forms; much like mail fraud, solicitations for the sale of goods or investments which are worthless or never delivered and requests for donations to unregistered charities are not uncommon. Callers often prey upon sick, Disability and elderly persons; scams in whic...
since inflammation in the body causes numerous fatal diseases(cancer,heart disease, etc.),why can't we just pop a few nsaids like ibuprofen every day and be on our healthy way?	Taking too many NSAIDs gives you stomach ulcers for starters. There's lots of side effects to antiinflammatories.	[ "Inflammation has many possible causes, including irritation by environmental substances, physical trauma, and infection such as bacterial, viral, or fungal. Some of these infections are sexually transmitted diseases.\n", "Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen and naproxen, can cause f...
How did the Roman people handle military defeats?	How would we know what an "average citizen" thought? Every text we have is produced by the elite class. Whether people lost friends or family is impossible to know in the specifics. We do know that military disaster did not affect the political careers of the generals involved. Rosenstein in Imperatores Victi dem...	[ "Rome was a war-faring nation and was accustomed to setbacks. However, the recent string of defeats ending in the calamity at Arausio was alarming for all the people of Rome. The defeat left them not only with a critical shortage of manpower and lost military equipment, but also with a terrifying enemy camped on th...
the difference between iphone and android, and the pro's and con's of each.	Things Android phones can do without being rooted (the same level of permission you currently have on the iPhone): * Change the keyboard input. [8pen](_URL_1_), [SwiftKey](_URL_0_), and [Swype](_URL_9_) are some good examples. * Use any appstore or download apps directly from web pages. The [Amazon AppStore](_URL_1...	[ "The iPhone runs an operating system known as iOS (formerly iPhone OS). It is a variant of the Darwin operating system core found in macOS. Also included is the \"Core Animation\" software component from Mac OS X v10.5 Leopard. Together with the graphics hardware (and on the iPhone 3GS, OpenGL ES 2.0), it is respon...
Considering all types of movement we're subjected to, how fast are we actually traversing through space at any given point in time?	what is the reference point? this question is asked all the time and it's always the same.. 1. Do a search this has been asked before 2. What exactly are we calling our fixed reference point? (the entire universe is in flux)	[ "With current technology severely limiting the velocity of space travel, however, the differences experienced in practice are minuscule: after 6 months on the International Space Station (ISS) (which orbits Earth at a speed of about 7,700 m/s) an astronaut would have aged about 0.005 seconds less than those on Eart...
why does spain have strong, independent cultures (i.e. basque, catalonia) while other european nations seem to be more culturally and linguistically uniform?	While I don't disagree with your question, let me find you some examples which invalidate it: - Belgium is part French part Dutch, different languages, different traditions, different cultures. - Yugoslavia, but that was only a stable country under Tito. - Turkey and its Kurdistan part. - UK (or was it GB?) and Sco...	[ "However, some traits of the Spanish spoken in Spain are exclusive to that country, and for this reason, courses of Spanish as a second language often neglect them, preferring Mexican Spanish in the United States and Canada whilst European Spanish is taught in Europe. Spanish grammar and to a lesser extent pronunci...
why do guys insist on sending unsolicited dick pictures. does that ever really work?	Men are very visual creatures, and quick to arouse. A man can go from no arousal to immediately turned on just with a quick flash of a girl's boobs. As a result of this nature, many men don't grasp that women don't work the same way, and aren't interested much in seeing a dick unless already aroused. Combine that with...	[ "\"Snuff\" follows three men who are waiting to immortalize themselves into pornography history as they wait to bed Cassie Wright, a former porn queen who has fallen into harder times. Each chapter follows a different guy (Mr. 600, Mr. 72, and Mr. 137), as well as Sheila, the female wrangler who dictates who is the...
how did early man manage to drink the recommended 2 litres of water a day without access to clean water and remain strong enough to maintain his active lifestyle?	The recommended two litres of water a day is junk science invented by drinks manufacturers to sell more products. Actual scientists say you should drink when thirsty, and not drink when not thirsty (unless you are sick or actually dehydrated). Clean water was difficult to find, and at first humans settled wherever the...	[ "A typical person will lose minimally two to maximally four liters of water per day under ordinary conditions, and more in hot, dry, or cold weather. Four to six liters of water or other liquids are generally required each day in the wilderness to avoid dehydration and to keep the body functioning properly. The U.S...
Does smoke have weight?	Smoke has weight, yes, but that experiment is no way to find it. For example, try it with a piece of magnesium instead of a cigarette. If you burn magnesium, it gives off some smoke, and at the end the ashes are actually heavier than the original piece of magnesium. How? Burning is just rapid oxidation, and what's ...	[ "Cigarette smoking for weight loss is a weight control method whereby one consumes tobacco, often in the form of cigarettes, to decrease one's appetite. The practice dates to early knowledge of nicotine as an appetite suppressant.\n", "There is much controversy concerning whether smokers are actually thinner than...
how do you perform cpr and give compressions to a person who has fractured his chest bones?	In a situation when a person actually needs CPR a beating heart takes precedence over anything else even a fractured sternum/ribs. if the ribs puncture your lung and give you a pneumothorax, they can still fix you up later, but if the heart stop beating only for 5 minutes your brain cells will start to become necrotic ...	[ "BULLET::::- Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) A series of chest compressions and ventilations that try to circulate blood containing oxygen throughout the body to vital organs in an attempt to resuscitate a victim. A lifeguard performing CPR on an adult should use two hands on the chest, with the ring finger of ...
Why did the Japanese attack the United States to bring the US into WW2? Were they completely the aggressors or had some US policy given them reasons to attack?	For about 40 years the US and Japan had been on a collision course. A whole host of factors made it so that the nations and populations felt each other was a natural foe, and that when war came it would be particularly brutal. To go through a few: 1. Residual Colonialism clashing with Japan's desire to make good its...	[ "In late 1941, Japan's government, led by Prime Minister and General Hideki Tojo, decided to break the US-led embargo through force of arms. On December 7, 1941, the Imperial Japanese Navy launched a surprise attack on the American fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. This brought the US into World War II on the side of ...
how did we figure out that burning rocks would make metal?	Metal working is way past caveman times. We figured out fire, and we figured out how to make hot fire (which we needed to make strong pottery, which we needed for storage because we figured out agriculture which, incidentally, meant we needed to figure out writing). A lot of this is, necessarily, speculative, b...	[ "The traditional method of cracking rock was fire-setting, which involved heating the rock with fire to expand it. Once the rock was heated by fire it was quenched with water to break it. Fire-setting was one of the most effective rock breaking methods until 1867 when Alfred Nobel invented dynamite.\n", "The cons...
How did gunpowder weapons change siege tactics?	They ended up not changing the strategic nature of siege warfare that much at all, except perhaps making the defender even stronger then they had been in previous centuries (how much so varies). Siege tactics, however, changed much more - but less than you'd expect. There was a brief period from about the late 14th ce...	[ "The introduction of gunpowder affected the conduct of war significantly. Though employed by the English as early as the Battle of Crécy in 1346, firearms initially had little effect in the field of battle. It was through the use of cannons as siege weapons that major change was brought about; the new methods would...
Palestine to Israel	Do you mean, why did the State of Israel call itself “Israel” and not “Palestine”? The end of the British mandate on 14 May coincided precisely with the declaration of the State of Israel, which was made that evening. A few minutes later the United States recognized Israel. Recognition from other countries would arrive...	[ "The League of Nations assigned Palestine as a mandate to the UK in 1920. The British tried, but failed to stop large-scale Jewish immigration into the mandate. Britain returned it to UN control in 1947 and the UN divided Palestine into a Jewish state and an Arab state. Israel came into existence on May 14, 1948, f...
If measurement causes the wavefunction to collapse, and everything is constantly interacting with everything else in the universe via gravity, why haven't all wavefunctions collapsed all the time?	Crudely, wavefunction collapse means the following. You allow your quantum system S to interact with a set of degrees of freedom M. The interaction entangles the state of S with the state of M, so that the probability distribution of some observable OS of S are correlated with observable OM of M. But perhaps you don't ...	[ "The measurement problem in quantum mechanics is the problem of how (or \"whether\") wave function collapse occurs. The inability to observe such a collapse directly has given rise to different interpretations of quantum mechanics and poses a key set of questions that each interpretation must answer.\n", "The clu...
glass is not biodegradable, and will perhaps take even longer to decompose than plastic. why isn't it made out to be as big of an issue as plastic?	I believe that the answer lies in the fact that, if you crush up glass to extremely fine fragments, it is essentially sand. Plastic, as it breaks down, continues to float, pollute, and also mimics small water-borne organisms that larger organisms feed upon. Broken glass (sand) sinks, and essentially returns to the life...	[ "This composition of bioactive glass is comparatively soft in comparison to other glasses. It can be machined, preferably with diamond tools, or ground to powder. Bioglass has to be stored in a dry environment, as it readily absorbs moisture and reacts with it. Bioglass 45S5 is the first formulation of an artificia...
Why was Australia not fought over the same way as Africa?	> It just changed hands once(between European powers), and rather peacefully, correct? It never changed hands between European powers. The Dutch, who were the first Europeans to map Australia, never claimed it. They mapped it and named it (New Holland), but nothing more than that. The first – and only – European pow...	[ "Both the New Zealand and South African teams had toured Europe in 1905 and 1906 respectively, both achieving unexpected but deserved success against club and international opposition. Despite the success of these two touring teams, Australia suffered poor press and with only a single win after the teams' first twe...
what is net nuetrality? what is being for it? against it? do we have it? trying ti get it?	John Oliver made a video a few years back and one weeks ago that touches on the subject well. Basically with net neutrality, everybody's internet speed gets treated equally regardless of what websites, browsers, etc. you use.	[ "Network neutrality (also net neutrality, Internet neutrality, or net equality) is the principle that Internet service providers and governments should treat all data on the Internet equally, not discriminating or charging differentially by user, content, site, platform, application, type of attached equipment, or ...
If autonomous cars become the norm, how much time and gas would we save on a typical weekly commute?	I can't answer our question, but I can add some more sources of waste that would be eliminated by self-driving cars. In theory, you would not longer need to stop at intersections. The computer algorithm could very quickly work out a way to get everyone through [with nobody stopping](_URL_0_). In cases where the road...	[ "Manually driven vehicles are reported to be used only 4–5% of the time, and being parked and unused for the remaining 95–96% of the time. Autonomous vehicles could, on the other hand, be used continuously after it has reached its destination. This could dramatically reduce the need for parking space. For example, ...
considering how contagious vomiting bugs are like norovirus, why aren’t we always sick with them?	Most extreme pathogens are caught early by food manufacturers. All of them are required to have up to date HACCP plans, food safety plans, and as of 2018 putting more emphasis on CoA of raw materials and doing due diligence on them. Check out the recalls. Almost all of these are 100% voluntary and require a lot effort...	[ "Noroviruses are transmitted directly from person to person (62–84% of all reported outbreaks) and indirectly via contaminated water and food. They are extremely contagious, and fewer than twenty virus particles can cause an infection (some research suggests as few as five). Transmission can be aerosolized when tho...
why are credit cards and credit so important? what's wrong with just a debt card?	Debit cards are fine, you just don't build credit with them. You're using cash you actually have in an account, as opposed to using a credit line. Credit is important because at some point in life, you will invariably need money you don't have. For example, you may need to take out a loan for a house, finance a car, e...	[ "Declines in credit card debt are often misinterpreted because they fail to include information about charge-offs. The possible causes for a decline in credit card debt are consumers paying down their debt, credit card companies writing charged-off debt off their books, or a combination of the two. Inclusion of cha...
Does pollen carry or assist the spread of illness?	Pollen can act as a significant vector for viruses (_URL_0_ you can only see the abstract, but that's enough to know that pollen is a viral vector), however pollen doesn't actually increase the amount of pathogenic particles leaving someone with a transferable disease unless they are allergic.	[ "The pollen which causes hay fever varies from person to person and from region to region; generally speaking, the tiny, hardly visible pollens of wind-pollinated plants are the predominant cause. Pollens of insect-pollinated plants are too large to remain airborne and pose no risk.\n", "Dunbar devised techniques...
How did scientists recreate the 1918 Influenza Virus?	Scientists were able to determine the genetic sequence of the 1918 virus using samples from a woman who had died of the virus and was buried in permafrost. Then, they used the sequence to rebuild the virus, likely by expressing the genome within a cell, which would produce viral proteins that assembled into infectious ...	[ "In early 2004, David Lipman, Lone Simonsen, Steven Salzberg, and a consortium of other scientists wrote a proposal to begin sequencing large numbers of influenza viruses at The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR). Prior to this project, only a handful of flu genomes were publicly available. Their proposal was ap...
what does hydrogen peroxide do to earwax chemically that makes it easier to remove?	It doesn't do anything chemically to the earwax, other than possibly diluting it. It works mechanically. The bubbles help loosen the wax. The bubbles are caused by an enzyme called catalase that exists in the dead skin cells in the wax. This enzyme rapidly breaks down the hydrogen peroxide, releasing bubbles of oxygen....	[ "Hydrogen peroxide - urea is mainly used as a disinfecting and bleaching agent in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. As a drug, this compound is used in some preparations for the whitening of teeth. It is also used to relieve minor inflammation of gums, oral mucosal surfaces and lips including canker sores and dental i...
growing plants indoors with non-solar light...help understanding plant needs / physics	Hahaha, c'mon man, just say it. "I'm growing pot, help plz?" Even if you aren't though, you might just want to go to /r/trees and ask for growing tips. Same function really.	[ "When planning an indoor garden it is important to choose plants with light requirements that are conducive in homes. To maximize a plants sun exposure, place it in a room that receives high amounts of natural light. Artificial lights are an alternative if the natural lighting in a room is insufficient, and they ca...
flight, how does it work?	Ever stuck your hand out a car window and tilted it? You feel a force pushing your hand up or down, this is Lift. Lift counteracts Weight from gravity and enables flight. While the shape of the wing provides some lift, the majority of it comes from the angle that the wing is going into the wind at (angle of attack)....	[ "Flight is the process by which an object moves through an atmosphere (or beyond it, as in the case of spaceflight) without contact with the surface. This can be achieved by generating aerodynamic lift associated with propulsive thrust, aerostatically using buoyancy, or by ballistic movement.\n", "Flight is the p...
how does fat and energy work? how is it that you burn fat by exercising, but you can have fat and still be out of energy. if i just stop eating, why isn't it that i can be full of energy until my body is out of fat?	This will be a little complicated. Fat is energy, but it's not immediately usable as energy; since cells are the smallest living unit, fat has to be broken down into parts that the cells can use before it is actually usable. Of course, breaking down molecules takes time, as well. Breaking down the fat releases the us...	[ "Adipose tissue, commonly known as fat, is a depository for energy in order to conserve metabolic homeostasis. As the body takes in energy in the form of glucose, some is expended, and the rest is stored as glycogen primarily in the liver, muscle cells, or fat.\n", "The body's primary source of energy is glucose;...
how does accutane exactly work, what does it do with the body system, and why do results vary from person to person?	The Accutane molecule is similar in shape to Vitamin A. It stops sebaceous glands from working. Think of it as turning off the faucet that pumps the gunk into the acne. It doesn't work for everyone because it doesn't work for every time of acne. It works best for the big nodular acne, because that is mostly caused by o...	[ "The substance acts on mucus membranes, restoring the physiological clearance mechanisms of the respiratory tract (which play an important role in the body’s natural defence mechanisms) through several mechanisms, including breaking up phlegm, stimulating mucus production, and stimulating synthesis and release of s...
What really happened in melee combat?	It really varies wildly based on culture, time, technology, organization, numbers, etc. Despite being from a post-gunpowder era, I feel you might be interested in a clash of pikes. Drawing from my study, the early 16th century, if serious combat was joined it was likely to be a clash of equally matched pike formations...	[ "Melee combat is split into two phases. In the first phase, the player approaches an enemy and attempts to punch them, as with most beat 'em up games. If the player successfully hits the enemy, the game enters attack mode. If the player misses and is instead attacked themselves, the game enters defense mode. Both m...
What burns during re-entry?	There is not burning from reentry, but heat to the point where the air becomes ionized and a plasma, and the material is red hot and begins to vaporize. What is occurring is shock heating, or heat due to change in pressure. It is known that when a gas expands, it cools, and in the same way, when it is compressed it h...	[ "The most important first action is to stop the burning process. The source of the burn should promptly be removed (or the patient removed from the source). If the person is on fire, he/she must be told to stop, drop and roll, or extinguish the fire by covering them with heavy blanket, wool, coat, or rug. Burning c...
how are there different "types" of spicy sensations from eating spicy food?	Because there are different compounds interacting with different receptors. Peppers have capsaicin, which triggers the same receptors as hot temperature receptors. Wasabi and mustards have isothiocyanates, a different compound. They are also short lived due to not being oily and volatile, meaning they can easily be wa...	[ "Gustatory sweating refers to thermal sweating induced by the ingestion of food. The increase in metabolism caused by ingestion raises body temperature, leading to thermal sweating. Hot and spicy foods also leads to mild gustatory sweating in the face, scalp and neck: capsaicin (the compound that makes spicy food t...
How is it that humans can learn vocal language to virtually perfect speech yet still be illiterate?	Most of this is because the mapping of symbols on the page to sounds is arbitrary. When speaking you're mapping sounds to meaning. This is something you brain has specifically evolved to handle. For written text we've invented some arbitrary symbols, we've decided that they map to specific phonemes (or they map in a c...	[ "One of the fundamental problems in the study of speech is how to deal with noise. This is shown by the difficulty in recognizing human speech that computer recognition systems have. While they can do well at recognizing speech if trained on a specific speaker's voice and under quiet conditions, these systems often...
how do furnaces work?	fire from natural gas (or whatever the gas source is) being pushed through the vents via a blower fan	[ "An industrial furnace is an equipment used to provide heat for a process or can serve as reactor which provides heats of reaction. Furnace designs vary as to its function, heating duty, type of fuel and method of introducing combustion air.\n", "The furnace is initially loaded with the material to be fused, whic...
Would it be possible for Jupiter and/or Saturn to ignite?	If you did mean set on fire as in a spark causing the hyrdrogen to ignite, no. Oxygen is required for hydrogen to combust, and the composition of Jupiter as far as we're aware contains only a very small amount oxygen. Also although not a very scientific approach, considering that it's 4.5billion years old now, if it w...	[ "BULLET::::- In the anime \"Heroic Age\", Jupiter is destroyed when a high-powered energy gun is used to knock the moon Io out of orbit. Io plummets into the atmosphere and ignites it, and intervention by the Silver and Bronze fleets leads to a cataclysmic explosion.\n", "BULLET::::- \"Heroic Age\" (2007), anime....
steam trading cards, gems, mystery cards, etc...	Steam Trading Cards are virtual cards earned by playing games on Steam. Sets of cards can be turned into game badges and tradable Steam community items. **Once you’ve collected a set of cards you can craft them into a game badge. Like the current badges, they are tied to your account and are shown on your profile....	[ "Steam Trading Cards are a digital commodity issued by Valve Corporation for use on its digital distribution platform, Steam. Steam Trading Cards are a non-physical analogue of conventional trading cards, which are periodically granted to Steam users for playing games, fulfilling tasks, or by random chance. Cards c...
how is your normal facial expression decided?	Genetics, Stressers and muscle memory. Genes is the first thing, you can't change these this can cause things from your skin, your face shape and where fat wants to reside. Stressers like age, sun damage and sleep deprivations as well as allergic reactions affect the look of your face beyond genetics. And muscle ...	[ "Facial expressions are vital to social communication between humans. They are caused by the movement of muscles that connect to the skin and fascia in the face. These muscles move the skin, creating lines and folds and causing the movement of facial features, such as the mouth and eyebrows. These muscles develop f...
How much of their forces did germany devote to the eastern front in WWI?	By February 1916 the Germans had c. 50 divisions on the eastern front; by September of that year, the number had risen to c. 70 divisions. When the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed, there were 1.5 million German troops in the East, of which 500 000 were shifted to the Western Front by the spring of 1918, starting alr...	[ "On the Eastern Front the volunteers and conscripts in the \"Ostlegionen\" comprised a fighting force equivalent of 30 German divisions by the end of 1943. By mid-1944 upwards of 600,000 troops of the Eastern Legions/Troops were assembled under the command of General Ernst-August Köstring, stemming mostly from the ...
hypodermic needle model.	The magic bullet theory is that for the every person in the world when effected by a specific message will have a specific reaction. The general concept was that if a person was presented with advertising or propaganda they would react in a specific way as a passive participant in the process, being immediately effect...	[ "The hypodermic needle model (known as the hypodermic-syringe model, transmission-belt model, or magic bullet theory) is a model of communication suggesting that an intended message is directly received and wholly accepted by the receiver. The model was originally rooted in 1930s behaviorism and largely considered ...
[Human Body] Is it possible to feel pain that is not actually there?	Yes. The simplest example would be phantom limb syndrome. There are no nerves to stimulate in this situation. Phantom limb is considered neuropathic pain, but we still don't quite fully understand the mechanism behind it. Beyond that there are disorders that can lead to allodynia. This is when you experience pain from...	[ "Pain is an aversive sensation and feeling associated with actual, or potential, tissue damage. It is widely accepted by a broad spectrum of scientists and philosophers that non-human animals can perceive pain, including pain in amphibians.\n", "There are two main types of pain that we experience in our bodies: p...
why do some things need 4 aaa batteries instead of fewer number of a stronger battery? example: why use 4 aaa when one might be able to use 2aa.	AA are not "stronger" than AAA, they just have more power reserve. They both put out the same voltage though AA can probably do so at a higher amperage if required. By arranging the batteries in different combinations of parallel and series you can get different combinations of "power" (voltage) or battery life (m...	[ "AAA batteries are most often used in small electronic devices, such as TV remote controls, MP3 players and digital cameras. Devices that require the same voltage, but have a higher current draw, are often designed to use larger batteries such as the AA battery type. AA batteries have about three times the capacity...
Would a black hole really appear as a sphere like in Interstellar?	The science advisor for interstellar was Kip Thorne, who just shared the Nobel Prize in Physics for his modelling of the gravitational waveform emitted by two merging black holes. He had the movie studio run a relativistic ray tracing code to generate the images of the black hole (given a small accretion disk in place ...	[ "For non-rotating black holes, the photon sphere is a sphere of radius 3/2 \"r\". There are no stable free fall orbits that exist within or cross the photon sphere. Any free fall orbit that crosses it from the outside spirals into the black hole. Any orbit that crosses it from the inside escapes to infinity or fall...
Would I move in opposite direction in space if I pushed smaller object then me ?	Yes. If you give the bowling ball momentum in one direction, you will have the same momentum in the opposite direction. This is the same principle that allows rockets to work: exhaust goes in one direction, rocket goes in the other.	[ "Since the object's velocity vector is constantly changing direction, the moving object is undergoing acceleration by a centripetal force in the direction of the center of rotation. Without this acceleration, the object would move in a straight line, according to Newton's laws of motion.\n", "In physics, action a...
Historically speaking, Ukraine wasn't where it is now. It's in what used to belong to Crimea. What's the logic behind Ukraine's placement after the fall of the USSR?	I'm no expert so I don't have any answer, but could you clarify what you're talking about a little? If I look at some easy-to-find sources (wikipedia, etc.) on the history of Ukraine, I'm not seeing anything that looks like this: > Ukraine was in a completely different part of Europe than we think of today (That is t...	[ "From 1922 until 1991, \"Ukraine\" (also \"the Ukraine\") was the name of the territory of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (Украї́нська Радя́нська Соціалісти́чна Респу́бліка, \"Ukrayins'ka Radyans'ka Sotsialistychna Respublika\") within the Soviet Union (annexed by Germany as Reichskommissariat Ukraine duri...
how do cameras focus, and why does the background get blurry?	This will work better if you're nearsighted, but should work even if you're not. Look at something in the distance that's blurry because it's far away. Now squint--see how, for a little moment, it's easier to see because you're squinting? Cameras essentially focus by 'squinting' -- adjusting the lens so that the focus ...	[ "Photographs taken with this technique are characterized by blurred streaks emanating from the center of the photograph. The effect is nearly identical to a motion blur image in which the camera is traveling towards the subject. For this reason the zoom burst is typically used to create an impression of motion towa...

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