question stringlengths 3 301 | answer stringlengths 9 26.1k | context list |
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Why is the domestication of dogs not considered the beginning of the agricultural revolution? | Hi, this question would be worth x-posting to our sister sub, r/AskAnthropology: while there are some specialists in pre-history here, there is a greater focus on early time periods over there. | [
"Since the domestication of dogs, they have evolved alongside humans due to pressure from humans and the environment. This began by humans and wolves sharing the same area, with a pressure to coexist eventually leading to their domestication. Evolutionary pressure from humans led to many different breeds that paral... |
What's the earliest evidence we have of jokes? What is the oldest one we know? were there jokes as we known them today back when Ancient civilizations stood? | Apparently a joke dating back to 1900 BCE was found in Sumeria: "Something which has never occurred since time immemorial; a young woman did not fart in her husband's lap." This Egyptian joke dates back to 1600 BCE: "How do you entertain a bored pharaoh? You sail a boatload of young women dressed only in fishing nets d... | [
"Various kinds of jokes have been identified in ancient pre-classical texts. The oldest identified joke is an ancient Sumerian proverb from 1900 BC containing toilet humour: \"Something which has never occurred since time immemorial; a young woman did not fart in her husband’s lap.\" Its records were dated to the O... |
Civil War literature suggestions? | Depends on how committed you are, but Shelby Foote's *The Civil War: A Narrative* is pretty much the gold standard in Civil War history. It's a three volume work, very long and thorough. | [
"The Civil War Book was the fourth book made by William Quigley. Originally it was intended to be a sketch pad for ideas and information about the American Civil War, yet, it later became an elaborate compliment to the Civil War Paintings and was shown at the Lawrence Gallery in 1996. The book's gritty design incor... |
To what extent was local law allowed in the Roman Empire. | Local law was very much allowed in the Roman Empire, as a holdover from Republican days, whether the matter was civil or generally criminal. Governors of provinces generally allowed local courts to handle legal matters, only stepping in when cases were referred to them; at this point, generally the local law would app... | [
"In the West, law had been administered on a highly localized or tribal basis, and private property rights may have been a novelty of the Roman era, particularly among Celtic peoples. Roman law facilitated the acquisition of wealth by a pro-Roman elite who found their new privileges as citizens to be advantageous. ... |
why betting the same amount on two boxers to win will not always give a payout due to differing odds. | Any real-world bookie is going to adjust the odds and payouts so that they get a cut for themselves (the vig). They're not working for charity. | [
"Because of the huge number of betting interests involved, bettors will often try to increase their chances of winning by selecting multiple combinations. This can be costly — a bettor who wants to cover two horses in each race must bet on 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 combinations, or 64 combinations, times $2 for each fo... |
I'm diabetic and I want to know about the industrially production of insulin | [Wiki](_URL_0_) says this:
> Recombinant human insulin. Thanks to study introduced by Ivan Garelli PhD, recombinant insulin has almost completely replaced insulin obtained from animal sources (e.g. pigs and cattle) for the treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes. A variety of different recombinant insulin preparation... | [
"In 1980, U.S. biotech company Genentech developed biosynthetic human insulin. The insulin was isolated from genetically altered bacteria (the bacteria contain the human gene for synthesizing synthetic human insulin), which produce large quantities of insulin. The purified insulin is distributed to pharmacies for u... |
Is their a theoretical limit to how much a pound of muscle can do? Is it possible to calculate, knowing a single persons muscle mass, how much they would be able to lift? (this is factoring in a healthy person, with full tanks of energy and no injuries.) | This is pretty hackneyed, but I'll post it anyway:
konstantin konstantinovs is a super strong Latvian powerlifter. He weights around 268lbs and has maxed out his deadlift at 938lbs. He's pretty lean for a powerlifter, so I'll guess that he's around 10% (26lbs) body fat and take that off his total weight, this leaves 24... | [
"Dr. Weber worked out that 1 cm cross section surface area of any masticatory muscle can produce approximately 10 kg force. The following average surfaces were found: temporalis - 8 cm, masseter - 7.5 cm, and medial pterygoid - 4 cm which makes a total of 19.5cm. However, this force in some people is measured up to... |
how the fuck is spreading jelly (i.e.vapo rub) on my chest supposed to help congestion? | You put it on your chest because you're going to be drawing air in to your lungs from that area. The vapors from the jelly mix with the air you breathe. | [
"ChestEze (or Do-Do ChestEze) is a British over-the-counter pharmaceutical product manufactured by Novartis for \"relief of bronchial cough, wheezing, breathlessness and other symptoms of asthmatic bronchitis and to clear the chest of mucus following upper respiratory tract infection.\" It contains 30 mg caffeine, ... |
Would World War I be classified as a "World War" if the US never got involved? | The first known use of the proper name "World War" (as opposed to "Great War" or "European War") was in 1919, if the *OED* is to be believed. It was used as a general descriptor ("a world-war" or the German *Weltkrieg*) for the conflict as early as 1914 so the idea existed well before US entry. So it might--it involv... | [
"Outside of North America, other differences between our timeline and this one exist. World War II (known as the \"European War\" in this universe) is still being fought into the late 1940s, without Japanese or American involvement. The United Kingdom has allied with Nazi Germany, with King Edward VIII becoming a p... |
why do people look slimmer in certain colors? | [Here's](_URL_0_) an article about how wearing black (or other dark colors) can make you look slimmer:
> If you have a very light T-shirt on, your shape will be noticeable within the fabric. Any curves, bulges, or flat areas will be noticeable beneath the white fabric. If the T-shirt is black however, that will no... | [
"BULLET::::- Girls who see thinness as important to their peers or who try to look like the women they see in TV, movies, and magazines are significantly more likely to exhibit bulimic tendencies (using laxatives or vomiting to control their weight).\n",
"Unfortunately thin-idealized bodies are attributed with se... |
why does hand sanitizer feel so cold? | The alcohol quickly evaporates from your skin. Faster than water would. As it does, it grabs a bit of heat from your hand. It’s the same as why water evaporating from your skin cools it off including sweat. Alcohol does it faster so it cools your skin quicker. | [
"A hand sanitizer or hand antiseptic is a non-water-based hand hygiene agent. In the late 1990s and early part of the 21st century, alcohol rub non-water-based hand hygiene agents (also known as alcohol-based hand rubs, antiseptic hand rubs, or hand sanitizers) began to gain popularity. Most are based on isopropyl ... |
Does lightening ever travel up, above the clouds to interact with planes etc.? | Well, lightning doesn't care about direction, only about the electric potential. There are plenty of strikes [between or inside clouds](_URL_1_).
[Planes also get struck by lightning all the time](_URL_0_), which is generally harmless since they act as Faraday cages.
The specific thing you seem to be asking about is ... | [
"When flying over clouds illuminated by sunlight the region seen around the aircraft's shadow will appear brighter, and a similar effect may be seen from dew on grass. This partial retro-reflection is created by the refractive properties of the curved droplet's surface and reflective properties at the backside of t... |
the meaning/significance of all the nazi stuff in pink floyd's the wall. | It's about shutting out things that are not like ourselves and withdrawing by being unpleasant to people around us. Pink has been so hurt by all of the things that have happened in his life that he is pushing people away so that they won't hurt him any more.
_URL_0_ | [
"In 1993 Haacke shared, with Nam June Paik, the Golden Lion for the German Pavilion at the Venice Biennale. Haacke's installation \"Germania\" made explicit reference to the pavilion's roots in the politics of Nazi Germany. Haacke tore up the floor of the German pavilion as Hitler once had done. In 1993, looking th... |
[Medicine] Do flu shots really contain only one strain of influenza? If so, how is that one particular strain chosen every year? What are the reasons we cannot inoculate with multiple strains? | I did my grad work in one of the labs that develops the annual flu vaccine, and my thesis was on improving viral yield.
It contains three strains, two of Influenza A, and one of B. Every year in the North Hemisphere spring, the strains that are circulating elsewhere in the world are studied, and the committee chooses... | [
"Due to the high mutation rate of the virus, a particular influenza vaccine usually confers protection for no more than a few years. Each year, the World Health Organization predicts which strains of the virus are most likely to be circulating in the next year (see Historical annual reformulations of the influenza ... |
when a stock market crashes and everyone is desperately 'selling', who is actually willing to 'buy'? | The fact that not many people are willing to buy is what *causes* the crash. If as many people were buying as selling, the price would stay about the same. The fact people are desperate to sell means there are more sellers than buyers, so the price drops.
The few people who are buying are either ignorant of the crisis... | [
"A common \"stock market\" transaction is a \"short sale\" where, for example, an investor who believes a publicly traded stock is over-priced will borrow that stock from an owner, sell the borrowed stock, and repurchase the stock later at a lower price to repay the loan, thereby making money if the price has falle... |
Is it possible for things we consider to be waves to exhibit particle like behaviours at a quantum level? | It works both ways: Quantum objects exhibit the characteristics of both particles and of waves, but are they themselves neither. | [
"The concept of wave–particle duality says that neither the classical concept of \"particle\" nor of \"wave\" can fully describe the behavior of quantum-scale objects, either photons or matter. Wave–particle duality is an example of the [[complementarity (physics)|principle of complementarity]] in quantum physics. ... |
why is it that lobsters have the possibility to be born with so many rare colorations? | Short answer:
Each lobster has color pigments (red, blue, yellow), that determine the color of the shell.
Specific mutations change the amount of pigment and thus the color.
Some mutations that influence (for example) blue pigment naturally appear more often than others, that is why blue lobsters appear more often t... | [
"Typically, lobsters are dark colored, either bluish green or greenish brown as to blend in with the ocean floor, but they can be found in a multitude of colors. Lobsters with atypical coloring are extremely rare, accounting for only a few of the millions caught every year, and due to their rarity, they usually are... |
why doesn't water help with dry skin? | its not water that makes skin stay moist - its oils in the skin. ^edit to be completely clear, the water is still important - the oil just acts to prevent that water from evaporating.
If you have dry skin, its because your skin's natural oil production is for whatever reason lower than it should be.
Edit: I'm not ... | [
"Dry skin results from lack of water in the outer layer of skin cells (the stratum corneum). When this layer becomes dehydrated it loses its flexibility and becomes cracked, scaly and sometimes itchy. The stratum corneum contains natural water-holding substances that retain water seeping up from the deeper layers o... |
what a "trust fund baby" is and exactly how a "trust fund" works. | A trust is a specific legal entity that allows someone to separate themselves from an amount of their money. Money placed in the trust is "safe" and can not usually be touched except for the express purposes that are outlined in the formation of the trust. A trust fund baby most likely has a trust set up for them that ... | [
"A trust may be used as an estate planning tool, to direct the distribution of assets after the person who creates the trust passes away. Trusts may be used to provide for the distribution of funds for the benefit of minor children or developmentally disabled children. For example, a spendthrift trust may be used t... |
it is said that children are (almost) immune to motion sickness up to the age of 2. why? | The main reason for motion sickness is our body has trouble reconciling the visual cues for no movement with the physical sensation of movement. The difference causes our bod to freak out, and we throw up to expel whatever apparent poison we've consumed.
Children don't have the history to realize there is a discrepan... | [
"Children differ from adolescents and adults in their interpretation and ability to express their experience. Like adults, children experience physical symptoms including accelerated heart rate, sweating, trembling or shaking, shortness of breath, nausea or stomach pain, dizziness or light-headedness. In addition, ... |
court mandated community service is like forced labour? | Yes, it is. Punishments by courts almost always involve someone doing something they'd rather not do.
If you think the community service is bad, prison is worse. | [
"Convict or prison labour is another classic form of unfree labour. The forced labour of convicts has often been regarded with lack of sympathy, because of the social stigma attached to people regarded as \"common criminals\". In some countries and historical periods, however, prison labour has been forced upon peo... |
if the reason most mammals have testicles outside their bodies, what about sea-mammals (seals, whales etc)? how do they get around the issue of high body temperature affecting sperm? | Sea mammals keep their testicles in internal pouches surrounded by thick tendon-like tissues that keep the temperature lower than the surrounding muscles. | [
"Boreoeutherian land mammals, the large group of mammals that includes humans, have externalized testes. Their testes function best at temperatures lower than their core body temperature. Their testes are located outside of the body, suspended by the spermatic cord within the scrotum.\n",
"The early mammals had l... |
why are musicians/composers like mozart regarded so highly? if something almost just like it came along now, would it be regarded as highly? | W.A. Mozart is considered by most musicians to be one of the most influential composers for a variety of reasons:
(WALL OF TEXT WARNING, I'm on mobile, sorry)
-Prolific composer: He composed over 600 works throughout his lifetime, for a large variety of mediums (symphony, string quartets, trips, duos, woodwind ensemb... | [
"There is little doubt that successive generations of scholars have been sincere in their views of the composer, each claiming to be more 'objective' than the last, stripping away the veneer of speculation to arrive at 'the real man'. It is sobering to realize that these different opinions about Mozart as a person ... |
why can some women be in labor for more than a day and some give birth in less than an hour? | That’s just the way it goes. There will always be a range of time periods. Some babies, especially the second and third births, are more ready and able to make their escape. | [
"The phase of labor that extends into multiple hours (at least 14). The cervix usually dilates to over 14 cm before active labor occurs. When it first begins, it is encouraged that women stand up, walk around, and eat or drink. If failure to progress extends beyond this point, preventative measures need to be taken... |
how do colony based insects, such as ants, decide who to make the queen (or king) and how does that one get so much bigger/different in appearance? | The queen ant mates with a male and his sperm is used by her to produce eggs. The fertilized eggs develop into females and the unfertilized eggs develop into males(haplo-diploid sex determination). The workers feed the larvae and on the basis of each ones diet they develop either into workers or queens. The queens the... | [
"The term \"queen\" is not particularly apt, as the queen ant has very little control over the colony as a whole. She has no known authority or decision-making control; instead, her sole function is to reproduce. Therefore, the queen is best understood as the reproductive element of a colony rather than a leader. O... |
how is it that some drugs are metabolised through the kidneys and others through the liver? | Great question!
Different drugs display a variety of metabolic pathways. Some are metabolized by the liver, while others are metabolized in the bloodstream or other tissues. Others are never metabolized at all. The **main factors that determine how a drug is metabolized (and eliminated from the body) are (1) the intr... | [
"Factors responsible for the liver's contribution to drug metabolism include that it is a large organ, that it is the first organ perfused by chemicals absorbed in the gut, and that there are very high concentrations of most drug-metabolizing enzyme systems relative to other organs.\n",
"The liver derives its blo... |
How does the revised galaxy count effect Dark Matter? | No the gaaxy count does not matter at all for the dark matter hypothesis. In order to be able to explain the scalar power spectrum of the cosmic microwave background you already need to assume something like dark matter. Since the CMB stems from a time before galaxies even formed, the galaxy number must be irrelevant f... | [
"In 2008 a study was published showing that M94 had very little or no dark matter present. The study analyzed the rotation curves of the galaxy's stars and the density of hydrogen gas and found that ordinary luminous matter appeared to account for all of the galaxy's mass. This result was unusual and somewhat contr... |
Are octopuses equally skilled with each arm or do they prefer one or more arms over the others like humans? | [This abstract](_URL_0_) of an article from the *Journal of Comparative Psychology* (J Comp Psychol. 2006 Aug;120(3):198-204.) indicates that researchers did find evidence for octopuses favoring particular limbs.
Full abstract:
> Previous behavioral studies in Octopus vulgaris revealed lateralization of eye use. In ... | [
"The highly sensitive suction cups and prehensile arms of octopuses, squid, and cuttlefish allow them to hold and manipulate objects. However, unlike vertebrates, the motor skills of octopuses do not seem to depend upon mapping their body within their brains, as the ability to organize complex movements is not thou... |
How do stimulants affect your heart rate? | Stimulants increase the activity of the sympathetic nervous system. They increase or mimic the action of adrenaline. Basically, there are 3 types of stimulants:
- Releasing agents (like cocaine) release more adrenaline.
- Reuptake inhibitors (like amphetamine) prevent the removal of adrenaline.
- Direct agonists (li... | [
"The use of stimulants in humans causes rapid weight loss, cardiovascular effects such as an increase in heart rate, respirations and blood pressure, emotional or mental side effects such as paranoia, anxiety, and aggression, as well as a change in the survival pathway known as the reward/reinforcement pathway in o... |
i'm a casual sports watcher. what's the difference between the level of skill/play between the nfl/nba and their ncaa counterparts? | There is a skill gap, although the top college players are going to be better than the worst pros.
The biggest difference is skill consistency. Every NFL starter is one of the top 100 players in the **world** at their position. The difference between the best and the worst isn't that great. But in college, a starte... | [
"In sports that require a player to play on offense and defense, such as basketball and ice hockey, a two-way player refers to a player who excels at both. In sports where a player typically specializes on offense or defense, like American football, or on pitching or batting, like baseball, it refers to a player wh... |
why people see 'waves' of color in the dark. | Because there's light, and your visual centers are doing their thing, but without enough information to make sense of it.
You might enjoy this article: _URL_0_ | [
"The wholly empirical approach holds that this experience is the sole determinant of perceptual qualities. The reason percipients see an object as dark or light, the argument goes, is that in both our own past and the past of the species it paid off to see it that particular way. Returning to the bucket analogy, im... |
How are gasses commercially produced? | There are quite a few ways to make gasses, though once a gas is made and purified it is usually compressed using some type of mechanical pump.
Lets look at oxygen for example. You could use a cryogenic distillation process or [pressure swing adsorption](_URL_0_) to extract oxygen from the air. There are also select... | [
"The production process is distinct, both physically and chemically, from that used to create a range of gaseous fuels known variously as manufactured gas, syngas, hygas, Dowson gas, and producer gas. These gases are made by partial combustion of a wide variety of feed stocks in some mixture of air, oxygen, or stea... |
why is the amazon being deforested? is it just for the wood or are there other reasons? | Its to provide grazing land for cattle. And also for palm oil farms.
They cut down the rainforest then plant either grass or lots of just one type of tree.
Its not really for the wood that much at all. | [
"Before the 1960s, much of the forest remained intact due to restrictions on access to the Amazon beyond partial clearing along the river banks. The poor soil made plantation-based agriculture unprofitable. The key point in deforestation of the Amazon came when colonists established farms in the forest in the 1960s... |
At what point could you escape a planet's gravity by jumping? | Jump. Measure how high you jump in meters. Call this height "h". sqroot(2\*h\*9.81) should be your initial velocity. We want this to be equal to escape velocity, which is sqroot(2gr), where g is the surface gravity and r is the radius of the object. Simplify everything, and you get g=9.81(h/r) | [
"In the video game \"Dead Space\", artificial gravity plates are used to simulate an Earth-like environment in outer space. In several levels, gravity plating is off and the player has to navigate in weightlessness using 'Zero-Gravity Boots', similar to magnetic boots. Defective gravity plates are also encountered ... |
how does the weather get reported by each town to the weather app on my phone? | There are organizations (large groups of people) who have satellites (giant cameras and sensors in outer space) which send the information they find to weather apps.
The satellites along with local meteorologists (weather analysts) provide information to weather apps, which show you the information they have and their... | [
"The app allows the user to see the weather of a number of selected cities. Locations can be added by pressing the list icon and the plus icon which allows the user to type in the city's name, ZIP Code or postal code or airport code. Locations can be removed by tapping the list icon and swiping left on the location... |
if we keep raising the minimum wage then won't it just decrease the value of a dollar and cause to prices to rise because of inflation? | It does cause inflation, but minimum wage proponents don't see it that way. Yet uf you look at countries where minimum wage is high, the price of goods is higher as well.
The reason people want to raise minimum wage is because they feel better about earning more. But usually they just circle back to where they were be... | [
"The dollar value of the minimum wage loses purchasing power over time due to inflation. Minimum wage laws, for instance proposals to index the minimum wage to average wages, have the potential to keep the dollar value of the minimum wage relevant and predictable.\n",
"In 2014, over 600 economists signed a letter... |
is there a laser color stronger than the others? if so, why? | Blue is the strongest colour that we can see because it has the highest frequency of visible light. That means that there is more energy per second being delivered by a blue laser than a red laser. A UV laser would be stronger, and an X-ray laser stronger still. | [
"The apparent brightness of a spot from a laser beam depends on the optical power of the laser, the reflectivity of the surface, and the chromatic response of the human eye. For the same optical power, green laser light will seem brighter than other colors because the human eye is most sensitive at low light levels... |
Altitude Sickness? How sudden can it take effect, what can happen? | The cabin altitude of most airliners when in the cruise is about 8000ft. For most healthy people being suddenly raised to 8000ft pressure altitude and spending many hours there is a complete non-issue. There are plenty of long haul flights over twelve hours and 17 hours is the longest scheduled service I’m aware of - I... | [
"The most serious symptoms of altitude sickness arise from edema (fluid accumulation in the tissues of the body). At very high altitude, humans can get either high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE), or high altitude cerebral edema (HACE). The physiological cause of altitude-induced edema is not conclusively establish... |
octonions - what exactly are they? | The complex numbers are a sort of two-dimensional extension of the real number line, with an imaginary axis (i, 2i, 3i, ...) along with the ordinary real axis (1, 2, 3, ...). It turns out that you can extend this idea even farther to have four distinct axes ("quaternions"), or eight ("octonions"), or sixteen ("sedenion... | [
"In mathematics, the octonions are a normed division algebra over the real numbers, meaning it is a hypercomplex number system; Octonions are usually represented by the capital letter O, using boldface O or blackboard bold formula_1. Octonions have eight dimensions; twice the number of dimensions of the quaternions... |
why does yeast in bread-making not produce alcohol like yeast in brewing? | It does, a little. But the amount produced is very small - bread rises for a matter of a day or two, brewing can take weeks or months. | [
"Several different yeasts are used in brewing beer, where they ferment the sugars present in malted barley to produce alcohol. One of the most common is \"S. cerevisiae\". The same strain of \"S. cerevisiae\" which can also be used in breadmaking is used to make ale-type beers. It is known as a top-fermenting yeast... |
it is a famous brag that England was never successfully invaded after 1066. So why doesn't the Dutch Army lead by William of Orange count? | This isn't my area of expertise, so someone else might be able to provide a better answer or more references, but as I understand it there are two issues here, one to do with the particular circumstances of William's 'invasion,' and one to do with British conceptions of our own 'history'.
The simple/traditional answer... | [
"The next year, William sent his sons William, the Prince of Orange, and Prince Frederick to invade the new state. Although initially victorious in this Ten Days' Campaign, the Dutch army was forced to retreat after the threat of French intervention. Some support for the Orange dynasty (chiefly among Flemings) pers... |
what is the ultimate luminosity? how many photons can we fit in a unit of 3d space? | Interesting question. My first response is an infinite number. Quantum field theory puts no limit on the number of photons that can be in the same place. But quantum field theory doesn't account for the gravity of the photons.
At some point, you'll have so many photons in one place and so much energy in one place, the... | [
"Holograms can theoretically store one bit per cubic block the size of the wavelength of light in writing. For example, light from a helium–neon laser is red, 632.8 nm wavelength light. Using light of this wavelength, perfect holographic storage could store 500 megabytes per cubic millimeter. At the extreme end of ... |
after a natural disaster, what is the benefit of declaring state of emergency? | Not sure about insurance. But declaring a state of emergency will activate funds that have been set aside for clean up, repairs, and other needed things for after a disaster. | [
"In regards to Emergency Management, regions (usually on a local government area basis) that have been affected by a natural disaster are the responsibility of the state, until that state declares a State of Emergency where access to the Federal Emergency Fund becomes available to help respond to and recover from n... |
When was the ironclad warship firs proposed? | It's hard to say when the first ironclad warship was proposed, as many people came up with the idea of putting iron plating on warships at many different times. For example, the "atakebune" warships of the 16th century Japanese warlord Oda Nobunaga allegedly had some form of iron plating on their superstructure. During... | [
"This is a list of ironclads of the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom. An ironclad was a steam-propelled warship in the early part of the second half of the 19th century, protected by iron or steel armour plates.\n",
"The \"Forester\"-class gunboat was a class of 4-gun composite gunboats built for the Royal Navy b... |
what holds fingernails in place? how far under the skin do they go? | Your fingernails and toenails are made up of cells that form into a hard surface called keratin. Keratin is also what makes up your hair and other parts of animals, like horse hooves and rhino horns. Underneath your fingernail is a soft surface called the nail bed. This is what produces the cells that harden and turn i... | [
"In human anatomy, the eponychium, or cuticle, is the thickened layer of skin surrounding fingernails and toenails. It can also be called the medial or proximal nail fold. Its function is to protect the area between the nail and epidermis from exposure to bacteria. The vascularization pattern is similar to that of ... |
Why wasn't LVT's used at D-day beach landings? | At the time, there was not enough LVTs for use in both the European and Pacific theaters. The initial stages of Operation Forager (the invasion of the Mariana and Palau islands) underwent preparation and execution at about the same time as D-Day, and few of the vehicles could be spared. Redeployment and retraining of a... | [
"LVTs were used in the Normandy landings, but their use by the United States was limited as the US Army doctrine in Europe viewed the Sherman DD as the answer to assault on heavily defended beaches. LVT-2s were used to help unload supplies after the landings on Utah Beach, from the cargo ships off the coast to the ... |
from newborn onesies to blouses, shirts and pants... why do men's and women's clothing fasten in opposite directions? | Men's jackets were made to be unbuttoned with their right hand so they could take it off with a cane in one hand. Women were dressed by other people so it's made to be easy for right-handed maids to button them up. Then the tradition stuck | [
"The men's garment was worn loose and was not tucked into the trousers, but instead belted either with a conventional belt, a rope, or a rope-like tie. The tails of the garment hung over the trousers. Women's shirts were tucked into the skirt or worn under the sarafan, and the button line of women's shirts tended t... |
how do these child sex allegations get proven 30+ years later if there is no pictures/videos? e.g cliff richards atm | Rape cases are very difficult to prove especially with no physical evidence.
Not sure who Cliff Richards is, but like when Sandusky got convicted. There were so many people that all told similar stories. It's a he said she said thing, but when so many people are all telling the same story the jury tends to believe the... | [
"In the 33rd petition, the problem was a video clip showing a man having continuous sex with his seven-year-old daughter. Min Kap-ryong said the video was a pornographic piece produced, and promised a swift investigation, although it is difficult to relate to sexual abuse of children. He apologized for the delay in... |
Why were the Swedish armies in the 17th and early 18th century so effective/had high morale? | There is a great previous answer here that should answer your question:
[How Carolean army was set up and what made it work](_URL_0_) | [
"The Swedish military had a unique position in Northern Europe at the time of the new system, being the only army that did not rely only on enlisted soldiers, mercenaries or conscripted soldiers. In relation to population size, the Swedish army was also the largest in Europe. Because of the allotment system, mobili... |
Is Earth losing oxygen? | Sort of. Most oxygen production on earth happens in the oceans (algae), so loss of forests, while impactful in many ways, isnt going to cause us to suffocate. Increase in CO2 does remove oxygen from the atmosphere through combustion, and we have increase CO2 concentrations substantially, but its still a negligble loss.... | [
"With all photosynthetic organisms gone, atmospheric oxygen can no longer be replenished, and is eventually removed by chemical reactions in the atmosphere, perhaps from volcanic eruptions. Eventually the loss of oxygen will cause all remaining aerobic life to die out via asphyxiation, leaving behind only simple an... |
normal "system" memory versus graphics memory | Graphics memory is designed for ludicrous throughput and custom applications. Graphics cards need access to massive memory bandwidth to do their job, a single 4K frame is ~25 MB and the GPU will be expected to generate at least 60 of them per second requiring a minimum of 12 Gbps of memory bandwidth to achieve 60 FPS ... | [
"In computer architecture, shared graphics memory refers to a design where the graphics chip does not have its own dedicated memory, and instead shares the main system RAM with the CPU and other components. \n",
"Video Memory is built in RAM installed on the video card that provides the graphics card with its own... |
Why did exotic exploration seem quite popular around the turn of the century? | [1/2]
Unlike the so-called "Age of Exploration," this period doesn’t have a codified name, in part because I don’t think that it has as large a place in our popular narrative of "history of Western civilization" the way that earlier explorers like Columbus, Magellan, and others do. However, that doesn’t make that we c... | [
"The era of European and American voyages of scientific exploration followed the Age of Discovery and were inspired by a new confidence in science and reason that arose in the Age of Enlightenment. Maritime expeditions in the Age of Discovery were a means of expanding colonial empires, establishing new trade routes... |
If photons are Massless bundles of concentrated electromagnetic energy, why is there an interaction with electrons and light? Why don't photons just pass straight through objects instead of reflecting off of them? | What holds human-size objects together is electromagnetic forces (electric, mostly) and quantum effects. It's not mass. Solid objects are solid due to molecular forces, which are electric in nature (built on a quantum scaffolding).
So photons have plenty of stuff to interact with.
Also, about that "massless" thing - ... | [
"Electromagnetic radiation can be viewed in terms of particles rather than waves; these particles are known as photons. Photons do not have a rest-mass; however, photons are never at rest (they move at the speed of light) and acquire a momentum nonetheless which is given by:\n",
"The photon, the particle of light... |
if you're not supposed to eat or drink before midnight before a surgery, what about emergency surgeries? | In a regular surgery, the idea is to make the procedure as uncomplicated as possible, hence the restrictions.
In emergency surgery, the concern is keeping people alive. As such, there may be extra complications in the surgery that may be due to something they have drank/eaten, but it usually pales in comparison to the... | [
"Before the surgery begins, the surgeon will take multiple blood test, physically examine the patient, and the surgeon will also check the past medical records of the patient to make sure it is safe to conduct the surgical procedure. On top of that, the surgeon doctor will ask about the types of medications that ha... |
Do black holes have "layers" of light around them? | Yes. It is called the [photon sphere](_URL_0_) (two of them actually...see link). Basically this is an area where light orbits the black hole instead of falling in or flying away.
However, it is a very precarious balance to get a photon to do that so they will rarely make more than a few orbits before either falling... | [
"which is traditionally assumed to be a supermassive black hole. Such black holes by definition can not be observed directly (light cannot escape them), but various pieces of evidence suggest their existence, both in the bulges of spiral galaxies and in the centers of ellipticals. The masses of the black holes corr... |
Why is nitrogen fixation evolutionarily beneficial? | It's beneficial because it allows the organisms to survive in the absence of oxygen. In that case, they use nitrogen as the final electron acceptor (instead of O2). Keep in mind that the enzymes regulating nitrogen fixation are O2 sensitive, and genes that produce those enzymes are inhibited in the presence of oxygen. ... | [
"Nitrogen fixation is essential to life because fixed inorganic nitrogen compounds are required for the biosynthesis of all nitrogen-containing organic compounds, such as amino acids and proteins, nucleoside triphosphates and nucleic acids. As part of the nitrogen cycle, it is essential for agriculture and the manu... |
Has there been a higher peak than Mt. Everest on Earth throughout its history? | This is one of the most asked questions in the Earth Sciences category on this sub, for example, here are a variety of answers to this question (or flavors of this question): [1](_URL_13_), [2](_URL_14_), [3](_URL_6_), [4](_URL_12_), [5](_URL_15_), [6](_URL_9_), [7](_URL_1_), [8](_URL_8_), [9](_URL_2_), [10](_URL_16_),... | [
"Mount Everest was climbed the following year. On 26 May, three days before the successful attempt, Tom Bourdillon and Charles Evans reached the South Summit before turning back due to malfunctioning oxygen apparatus. Their height of 8,760 m (28,750 ft) represented a new, short lived, altitude record, and can be se... |
Why and when did we start bombing civilians in World War II? | The first year of the war saw what Richard Overy puts rather well as "the slow erosion of any relative moral constraints that might have acted to limit the damage to civilian targets" (*The Bombing War: Europe, 1939-1945*, very well worth picking up on both Allied and German bombing offensives and the military and civi... | [
"During World War II, it was believed by many military strategists of air power that major victories could be won by attacking industrial and political infrastructure, rather than purely military targets. Strategic bombing often involved bombing areas inhabited by civilians and some campaigns were deliberately desi... |
Was Ho Chi Minh Really A Tyrant? | Ho Chi Minh is a difficult figure to analyze because he deliberately cultivated at least two different personalities. The first was of the kindly, elder nationalist and father to the nation. But he also was a committed communist internationalist. He was both. Not one or the either. But, this is precisely why the Indoch... | [
"Minh remained a senior figure in the Party, albeit largely operating from Hanoi in North Vietnam, until 1972, when at the request of Ieng Sary he was sent to hospital in Beijing to be treated for high blood pressure. Minh died in Beijing on 22 December. His death further lessened the influence of the Hanoi-trained... |
Why is the factorial of 1/2 equal to sqrt(Pi)/2 but the factorial of both 1 and 0 is equal to 1? | The way to extend a function from a smaller domain to a larger one is to find some kind of formula that has the function in it that, in some way, suggests what the function should be at values outside of it's original domain.
Let's say that we want to know what x^(-n) has to be, assuming we only know that x^(n)=x mult... | [
"For any base, 0.1 (or \"1/10\") is always equivalent to one divided by the representation of that base value in its own number system. Thus, whether dividing one by two for binary or dividing one by sixteen for hexadecimal, both of these fractions are written as codice_49. Because the radix 16 is a perfect square ... |
Why does food lose some vitamins when baking or frying, compared to steaming or boiling? | When you expose things to heat, things change in them. You have seen this before--imagine you have a pumpkin. It's pretty hard--if you put it in boiling water for a while, it will get softer, will change color, and will change flavor. This is because when exposed to heat, many of the components change into other chemic... | [
"Any form of cooking will destroy some nutrients in food, but the key variables are how much water is used in the cooking, how long the food is cooked, and at what temperature. Nutrients are primarily lost by leaching into cooking water, which tends to make microwave cooking healthier, given the shorter cooking tim... |
what is happening in the brain when you are not paying attention to someone saying something and you hear what they said inside your head some minutes after they've said it? | There are different levels of consciousness layered on top of each other that make up your reality. Some you are very aware of/in control of, others are kind of like "auto pilots" that let you do stuff like drive a car without really thinking about it, or wake up on time even though your alarm didn't go off, or hear so... | [
"It is found that when the brain of an individual is activated by a piece of information of an event in which he/she has taken part, the brain of the individual will respond differently from that of a person who has received the same information from secondary sources (non-experiential).\n",
"Mind-wandering (some... |
Why didn't Abrahmic religions gain as much ground in Japan as in Korea did during the 1900s? | Short answer: Buddhism was indigenized in Japan by the 1900s, with a history extending back *centuries* and so was only a "foreign" religion by a technicality, but not in any practical term. That said, Buddhism in Japanese society had a very *very* high place, oftentimes intertwined with government, politics, and daily... | [
"During the absorption of Korea into the Japanese Empire (1910–1945) the already formed link of Christianity with Korean nationalism was strengthened, as the Japanese tried to impose State Shinto and Christians refused to take part in Shinto rituals. At the same time, numerous religious movements that since the 19t... |
What did it really mean to be released from a Gulag? Where would one be "dropped off" after serving their time in a camp? | The gulag was a massive system over a large period of time, so it's difficult to talk about it just as one thing. In fact, it was incredibly variable - that might have been its most defining feature in the end. So let's look at one particularly instructive moment - the 1945 amnesty. There is an absolutely fantastic art... | [
"After the in 1953, partial amnesty was granted for some labor camp inmates on 27 March 1953 with the end of the Gulag system, then extended it on 17 September 1955. Some specific political crimes were omitted from amnesty: people convicted under Section 58.1(c) of the Criminal Code, stipulating that in the event o... |
Did Protestants, after the Reformation, use large-scale violence to convert differing groups in a manner similar to The Crusades? | A reply to /u/teaandabook
I'm not sure the context of your question. Are you aware of the religious wars in France and Germany, also known as the Thirty Years' War, that saw widespread destruction and violence by all sides of the conflict? Or the Dutch rebellion, known as the Eighty Years' War? | [
"Once a particular Christian sect or creed gained state backing religious violence increased. This took the form of persecuting adherents to rival Christian beliefs and other religions. In Europe during the Middle Ages Christian antisemitism increased and both the Reformation and Counter-Reformation led to an incre... |
the difference between a thc pill and smoking marijuana for medicinal purposes. | There IS a drug on the market (Dronabinol) that contains the main THC in marijuana. However marijuana has a lot more cannabinoids (the class of substances that THC belongs to) and when smoked have a much quicker effect than ingesting a pill. | [
"In an article in \"The Nation\", the author notes that Berenson seems to fail to understand or admit that marijuana contains both THC and CBD (which has been approved by the FDA in the form of Epidiolex to treat some kinds of epilepsy), and that medical marijuana products generally contain low THC and high CBD.\n"... |
Is it possible to know what color a material will be without actually seeing it? | Yes. Color is determined by the band gap of materials. Band gaps between 3-5 eV correspond to visible light (color). We can roughly calculate these electronic levels for a given material computationally (though imprecisely), but know it easily through experiment. Thus, if you have information on these band gaps, yo... | [
"It may be difficult to determine whether a given property is a material property or not. Color, for example, can be seen and measured; however, what one perceives as color is really an interpretation of the reflective properties of a surface and the light used to illuminate it. In this sense, many ostensibly physi... |
How "French" were the Franks? (plus some bonus questions) | I can't answer your question because I don't know enough about the time period, but I did want to address your use of names as evidence. Charlemagne was actually called "Carolus Magnus," it was just 'french-ified' to Charlemagne. Germans call him Karl. In the same manner, Louis is called Ludwig by Germans. It isn't rea... | [
"The Franks emerged in the southern Netherlands (Salian Franks) and central Germany (Ripuarian Franks), and later descended into Gaul. The name of their kingdom survives in that of France. Although they ruled the Gallo-Romans for nearly 300 years, their language, Frankish, became extinct in most of France and was r... |
how are broken bones in non-castable areas fixed? | Well, if you break the neck of the femur, they drill a hole and install a screw bracket through the femur and into the head of the femur to hold it in place while it fuses back together. You can't put weight on that leg for 6-8 weeks. Then you get to learn how to walk again, as the muscles have all atrophied. If all ... | [
"When a bone is fractured as a result of an injury, the two fragments may be displaced relative to each other. If they are not, usually no treatment is required other than immobilisation in an appropriate cast. If displacement does occur, then the space separating the fragments fills with blood shed by the damaged ... |
Why is Cyprus not part of Greece? | Greece was under Ottoman control and revolted in the 1830s while Cyprus was under British control and gained independence from them in the 1960s. Cyprus maintained its independence but there were those that wanted it to be apart of Greece, both in Athens and on the island. A Greek sponsored coup in 1974 ousting Preside... | [
"Another concern of the Greeks is the incorporation of Cyprus which was ceded by the Ottomans to the British. As a result of the Cyprus Emergency the island gained independence as the Republic of Cyprus in 1960. The failed incorporation by Greece through coup d'état and the Turkish invasion of Cyprus in 1974 led to... |
why your feet tingle after you almost slip or sometimes when something slips from your hand | It's a small spike of adrenaline. When you're about to slip or drop something, your adrenal glands start pumping in case you need to respond quickly with power, strength, or heightened reflexes. | [
"When touched upon the soles of the feet, for example, it feels in addition to the common sensation of touch a sensation on which we have imposed a special name, \"tickling.\" This sensation belongs to us and not to the hand... A piece of paper or a feather drawn lightly over any part of our bodies performs intrins... |
most americans i've met are very smart, sensible people who generally seem to have been educated far better than i; how is it that there's such a prevalent cultural stereotype of the dumb american? | In the same vain that "the squeaky wheel gets the grease", our dumbest are generally are our loudest. | [
"Walter Russell Mead wrote about the book, Kohut and Stokes create enduring problems as long as the most individualistic people are against most American people. Most American tend to be more effective than most people about their ability to shape their own lives and like to using government action to solve social ... |
how the hell do deep fakes work? | Honestly, I know it's probably against the rules of ELI5, but I would recommend Corridor's Crew video on their Keanu Reeves deepfake to fully understand everything that's behind this.
In short, you basically have to get an actor to play the body of the subject of deepfake, and train an algorithm to match the face of t... | [
"Deepfake (a portmanteau of \"deep learning\" and \"fake\") is a technique for human image synthesis based on artificial intelligence. It is used to combine and superimpose existing images and videos onto source images or videos using a machine learning technique known as generative adversarial network. The phrase ... |
why do people say we aren't recovering from the recession? | I don't think anybody says the economy *isn't recovering.* At least, I don't think anybody *seriously* says that.
What some people say is that the economy isn't recovering *as fast as it could.* Everybody agrees that the economy is gradually climbing back out of the hole it dug for itself in the mid-late 2000s, but no... | [
"Economists usually teach that to some degree recession is unavoidable, and its causes are not well understood. Consequently, modern government administrations attempt to take steps, also not agreed upon, to soften a recession.\n",
"When a recession occurs, many people, especially those who have lost their jobs, ... |
Is the reach of gravity infinite? | I just wanted to drop by with some numbers. If you had an empty and infinite universe and placed two hydrogen atoms one million light years apart, a nonrelativistic calculation says that they will collide in 7*10^43 years. That's a 7 followed by 43 zeroes. To give some perspective, the accepted age of the universe is a... | [
"This episode documents how gravity has a profound effect across the universe, and Cox seeks out a non-space zero-gravity experience to highlight his point. From the formation of galaxies and stars to the patterns of uplift and erosion seen on Earth, gravity is centrally important. Examples are given, such as the t... |
A question about optics.... | If this indeed happened then the only reasonable explanation I can think of is that it was a semi-transparent skirt to begin with and looked more opaque due to [ polarized specular reflections. ](_URL_0_) When his glasses partially filtered out the reflected light, the skirt appeared more transparent. Or he was messing... | [
"Optics is the study of light, and the instruments created to use or detect it (i.e. telescopes, spectrometers, etc.). Atomic physics, molecular physics, and optical physics are each individual sub-fields of AMO that study the physical properties of the atom, molecules, and light, respectively.\n",
"Two major the... |
Why are significant figures so stressed in chemistry, yet unimportant in physics? | I'm not sure where you've heard that significant figures are not important in physics, but that's absolutely not true. Significant figures are important in every field of science that works with measurements and experimental data.
Many mathematical operations cause the outcome to have more digits than the inputs. If y... | [
"Importance: Influence, as described in the presentation speech for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995: “The findings presented by this year's laureates in chemistry have had an enormous political and industrial impact. This was because they clearly identified unacceptable environmental hazards in a large, economica... |
my co-pay is $20, but without insurance it's thousands of dollars. how does the insurance company make any money? | In part, because the insurance company doesn't actually pay that "uninsured rate": because they are a huge customer, they negotiate much better rates for the drugs/services. You will never see what they pay: they get an invoice for the face amount, and then get a discount off that.
It's somewhat the same for car deale... | [
"BULLET::::- Coinsurance: Instead of, or in addition to, paying a fixed amount up front (a co-payment), the co-insurance is a percentage of the total cost that insured person may also pay. For example, the member might have to pay 20% of the cost of a surgery over and above a co-payment, while the insurance company... |
why do we sweat and tear up when we vomit? | When you vomit you are emptying your stomach. It is surrounded by large and strong muscle fibers that are responsible for "chewing" the food using your stomach walls as "teeth". Vomiting implies those muscle fibers to suddenly contract: the food goes up and exits using your mouth. Also, there is a lot of blood going in... | [
"Repeated or profuse vomiting may cause erosions to the esophagus or small tears in the esophageal mucosa (Mallory–Weiss tear). This may become apparent if fresh red blood is mixed with vomit after several episodes.\n",
"While the vomit response is commonly assumed to be a chemical reaction between the two foods,... |
What has to happen to grapes(or any fruit for that matter) for them to become seedless? | I'm a horticulturist that specializes in food, but I'm only on my phone and many of my sources are books that I have. However, I hope someone can help me verify what I'm about to talk about and tell me if I have something wrong.
The answer to your question is pretty long though, although a short form would be, "It va... | [
"The disease affects grapes worldwide, leaving all agricultural grape businesses at risk of \"Uncinula necator\". Powdery mildew of grape affects the size of the vines, the total yield of fruit, as well as affecting the taste of wine produced from infected grapes. The disease can also cause the blossoms to fall and... |
Why is the Byzantine Empire purple? | The real question, in my eyes, is "Why did the Romans like purple so much?"
Just ctrl+F this article for "purple"
_URL_0_
Purple had a "regal" [sic] context to it even in times of the republic. The Byzantines piggybacked on that to some degree. Everyone likes to relive the "former glory" of Rome, such as the Axis of ... | [
"Through the early Christian era, the rulers of the Byzantine Empire continued the use of purple as the imperial color, for diplomatic gifts, and even for imperial documents and the pages of the Bible. Gospel manuscripts were written in gold lettering on parchment that was colored Tyrian purple.\n",
"Imperial pur... |
how can there be updates on disc games? | They store the updates on the hard drive. All files have to be loaded into RAM before they're used anyway. When the game goes to load a file, it checks the hard drive to see if there's an updated version. It doesn't actually update the disk. | [
"Several game discs, both first-party and third-party games, have included system software updates so that players who are not connected to the Internet can still update their system. Additionally this can force an upgrade by requiring the player to perform the update, without which the new game cannot be played. S... |
Were any of the U.S. founding fathers alive during The American Civil War? If so what did they think about it? Or did they speak/write publicly about it at all? | None were alive. By greatly stretching the definition of founding father, you can get to 1848 with JQA. But Generally Madison, Marshall and one other guy who can't recall at the moment are considered the last living founders, and they died well before the start of the war.
Edit: Of course Madison was alive to see the ... | [
"For four decades leading up to the American Civil War, American historians and Revolutionary Era popularizers agonized over whether their generation was worthy of the founders’ sacrifices. While their sectional divisiveness tore the fragile nation apart, Northerners and Southerners competed to assert possession of... |
why do polar bears live at the northern pole and penguins at the southern? | I'd assume they could survive in either places. But neither animal would travel the length of the globe without human assistance. And they exist in those places for the same reasons that gorillas live in Africa and kangaroos live in Australia. They evolved there, they're specially adapted to that particular environment... | [
"The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and adjacent land masses as far south as Newfoundland. Due to the absence of human development in its remote habitat, it retains more of its original range than any other extant carnivore. While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence that they range all the way a... |
what are they doing in those numbered free mason lodges? | Networking, it's mostly small business owners being part of a fraternity. They help each other out and also do a lot of charity work. They are secretive, but that's just part of being a brotherhood. There is nothing sinister about Masonic Lodges. | [
"In some countries, notably the United States of America, there are also organizations affiliated with Freemasonry which admit both Master Masons and non-Masons who have some relation to a Master Mason, such as the Order of the Eastern Star, International Order of Job's Daughters (Job's Daughters International) and... |
king solomon and his temple | According to the Bible, Solomon was the son of King David, and the third ruler of the Kingdom of Israel. He is supposed to have been the one who commissioned the construction of the Holy Temple in Jerusalem, which became the place of worship for what is now the Jewish religion. In the year 586 BCE, the Temple was destr... | [
"King Solomon is one of the central biblical figures in Jewish heritage that have lasting religious, national and political aspects. As the builder of the First Temple in Jerusalem and last ruler of the united Kingdom of Israel before its division into the northern Kingdom of Israel and the southern Kingdom of Juda... |
I have heard plenty of times that the communist system in the Soviet Union is not what Karl Marx intended. | It was quite far away, for a multitude of reasons. There are many different factors, but this is a very broad summary of why the Soviet Union was never “real” communism.
First off, the communism Marx intended for was mainly for advanced industrialized western European countries such as England, France, Germany. This i... | [
"Among those who argued for separating Marx into two distinct thinkers - one young and idealistic and the other mature and scientific - were Soviet theoreticians. Dunayevskaya believed the Communist state turned Marxism into its opposite - the totalitarian theory and practice of the Stalinist and post-Stalin USSR -... |
with all of our technological advancements, why haven't we been able to recover the titanic yet? | It is possible, but to what ends and who would finance it. It would be outrageously expensive and they would be bringing up nothing but nearly rotten metal. But it can be done, check this [link](_URL_0_)
*edit for spelling | [
"Since its initial discovery, the wreck of \"Titanic\" has been revisited on numerous occasions by explorers, scientists, filmmakers, tourists and salvagers, who have recovered thousands of items from the debris field for conservation and public display. The ship's condition has deteriorated significantly over the ... |
is it possible to convert ocean (salt) water into drinking water? or is there some inherent property preventing this? | Yes it is possible. The inherent property that makes it difficult is salt.
There are two basic ways to convert it.
1) Distill the water by boiling it and catching the steam. This takes a massive amount of energy and cannot really be done at a high enough volume to supply a community with water.
2) Filter water. T... | [
"Saltwater is desalinated to produce water suitable for human consumption or irrigation. One by-product of desalination is salt. Desalination is used on many seagoing ships and submarines. Most of the modern interest in desalination is focused on cost-effective provision of fresh water for human use. Along with rec... |
Has there ever been an event similar to the Arab spring? | Yes. One of the best examples of such a thing was the [European Revolutions of 1848](_URL_1_). This was a period of numerous revolutions which sprouted from nationalistic sentiment and agitation.
It largely spawned from the rapidly changing nature of society in the 1800s. Industrialisation was changing the role of the... | [
"The Arab Spring was a wave of uprisings and protests in North Africa and the Middle East. The first disturbances were in December 2010 in Tunisia. However, in March 2011, when the Arab Spring reached Syria, the Syrian Civil war broke out. This led to tensions with its northern neighbor of Turkey. The Turkish gover... |
why do people still vouch for supply-side economics? | This is an answer I gave this in r/asksocialscience about a month ago _URL_0_ | [
"Supply-side economics is a school of macroeconomic thought that argues that overall economic well-being is maximized by lowering the barriers to producing goods and services (the \"Supply Side\" of the economy). By lowering such barriers, consumers are thought to benefit from a greater supply of goods and services... |
Do satellites maintain the same velocity forever? | I'm going to answer your question, but just because somebody will "correct" me if I don't touch on it first: in an elliptical orbit, the velocity does change, because the speed and direction of the satellite's motion is changing throughout the orbit. But of course I understand what you mean - whether an orbit loses ene... | [
"As the orbital period of a satellite increases, approaching the rotational period of the Earth (in other words, as its average orbital speed slows towards the rotational speed of the Earth), its sinusoidal ground track will become compressed longitudinally, meaning that the \"nodes\" (the points at which it crosse... |
What is the trick to making a Rupert's drop? | When I did it in my materials science lab as an undergrad we used a bunsen burner to melt glass stirring rods and let it drop into a bucket of ice water. How are you doing it? | [
"Prince Rupert's drops are produced by dropping molten glass drops into cold water. The water rapidly cools and solidifies the glass from the outside inward. This thermal quenching may be described using a simplified model of a rapidly cooled sphere. Prince Rupert's drops have remained a scientific curiosity for ne... |
how do all these different fruit and plant seeds form? | There wasn't an identifiable first apple or orange seed. They would have evolved from some preceding plant species slowly over time. So over thousands of generations the preceding plant becomes more and more like an apple or orange tree until eventually it matches what we would recognize as an apple or orange tree but ... | [
"Many structures commonly referred to as \"seeds\" are actually dry fruits. Plants producing berries are called baccate. Sunflower seeds are sometimes sold commercially while still enclosed within the hard wall of the fruit, which must be split open to reach the seed. Different groups of plants have other modificat... |
What significance did the shape of the bomb dropped in Nagasaki have? | The "active" part of the Nagasaki bomb was an immensely heavy egg-shaped collection of high explosives, uranium metal, a plutonium core, and a lot of complicated electronics. The casing was developed to hold all that together and keep it from rolling violently (which could damage the electronics) and more or less have ... | [
"The atomic bomb cloud over Nagasaki, Japan was described in \"The Times\" of London of 13 August 1945 as a \"huge mushroom of smoke and dust\". On 9 September 1945, \"The New York Times\" published an eyewitness account of the Nagasaki bombing, written by William L. Laurence, the official newspaper correspondent o... |
how is that alcohol 70% is better than alcohol 90% as disinfectant ? | 70% alcohol has 30% water, and that water is necessary for the alcohol to interact at all with the cells it’s killing.
It’s like cooking pancakes. You know how when your pan is really hot and you put in pancake batter, it cooks the outside really fast? And then you can flip it, but it does the same thing to the other ... | [
"Alcohol and alcohol plus Quaternary ammonium cation based compounds comprise a class of proven surface sanitizers and disinfectants approved by the EPA and the Centers for Disease Control for use as a hospital grade disinfectant. Alcohols are most effective when combined with distilled water to facilitate diffusio... |
Why is mathematics so applicable to all the phenomena we can observe and describe in the universe? | Why is painting so good at reproducing the way the universe looks? Because we invented painting in order to be good at reproducing the way the universe works. Why is math so good at describing the things we observe in the universe? Because we invented math to be good at describing the things that we observe in the univ... | [
"BULLET::::- Mathematics describes the real world: many areas of mathematics originated with attempts to describe and solve real world phenomena - from measuring farms (geometry) to falling apples (calculus) to gambling (probability). Mathematics is widely used in modern physics and engineering, and has been hugely... |
please explain how the current wage gap in america works. | There is no wage gap. At least not in how you likely think.
The 75% number often thrown around for women is based on all jobs for women averaged and compared to all jobs for men averaged. That gives you false information. Men hold a larger percentage of the top paying jobs. This is often because they work more overti... | [
"Wage gaps have been identified for many races within the United States; however, research has found that the size and causes of the wage gap differs by race. For instance, the median black male worker earns 74 percent as much as the median white male worker, while the median Hispanic male worker earns only 63 perc... |
I heard that diamonds do not show up on x-rays. Is this true and if so, why? | All matter absorbs X-rays depending on the atomic density: the higher the density, and the heavier the element, the more X-rays are absorbed. Since carbon is about as lightweight an element as you can get, X-rays can pass through diamonds without being absorbed (meaning they "don't show up" in a conventional radiograph... | [
"Most inclusions present in gem-quality diamonds do not affect the diamonds' performance or structural integrity and are not visible to the naked eyes. However, large clouds can affect a diamond's ability to transmit and scatter light. Large cracks close to or breaking the surface may reduce a diamond's resistance ... |
Did Napoleon and Wellington ever meet face-to-face? | No they never met face to face. Though they faced each across the battlefield at Waterloo Napoleon fled for Paris after his defeat and eventually surrendered to the British at Rochefort. At no time despite his captivity in British custody did he and Wellington ever meet face to face. | [
"Napoleon was losing and winning battles on the ground in 1813 and early 1814, but his western flank was weak, and Wellington's army had crossed Portugal and Spain, in April taken Toulouse on its way to Paris. Napoleon agreed to exile on the isle of Elba in April 1814, as its emperor. He slipped off the island abou... |
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