Split (2)

train · 226k rows

question stringlengths 3 301	answer stringlengths 9 26.1k	context list
Has there been any advancements in storing large amounts of electric?	Pumped storage hydroelectric is not experimental. There are dozens of plants worldwide, many of which have been operating for several decades. The reason we don't have more is primarily a matter of cost and the limited number of suitable locations. Example: _URL_0_	[ "Some forms of storage that produce electricity include pumped-storage hydroelectric dams, rechargeable batteries, thermal storage including molten salts which can efficiently store and release very large quantities of heat energy, and compressed air energy storage, flywheels, cryogenic systems and superconducting ...
Red Scare during 50's question. What was considered "Communist" behavior, or suspicious behavior?	Having joined or attended Communist party meetings. Having a spouse as a member. Being gay, especially in the military or espionage agencies. Strangely enough, the movie Clue delves into this. Professing certain sentiments. Having ties to certain labor organizations (some had ties to the Soviet Union, but this was also...	[ "In the 1950s the United States experienced what is known as the Second Red Scare which lasted roughly from the late 1940s to the late 1950s, during the height of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union. During this period, Wisconsin Senator Joseph McCarthy led anti—communist investigations whic...
Where I can read about science and technology in Byzantine Empire?	Unfortunately, much of what we know about Byzantine science and tech has either been lost, or can only be gleaned from passages in Byzantine or Arab historical texts. Of course, you can get watered-down versions in overview books, but I find that the primary sources are the most useful at painting a picture of what sci...	[ "Byzantine science played an important role in the transmission of classical knowledge to the Islamic world and to Renaissance Italy, and also in the transmission of medieval Arabic knowledge to Renaissance Italy. Its rich historiographical tradition preserved ancient knowledge upon which splendid art, architecture...
Why did Persia post-Islamic Conquest have such a rich history of figurative art, despite the fact that art depicting the human form is prohibited in Islam?	Interesting question, to answer your question in short, many of the seemingly restrictive theocratic laws and dogmatic tendencies we see in contemporary Iran were not a normality in the various post-Islamic entities of Iran. Within Islamic principles, the depiction of the various Prophets, of God, religious entities an...	[ "Islamic art frequently adopts the use of geometrical floral or vegetal designs in a repetition known as arabesque. Such designs are highly nonrepresentational, as Islam forbids representational depictions as found in pre-Islamic pagan religions. Despite this, there is a presence of depictional art in some Muslim s...
what causes someone to not "come back" or "lose their mind" when they take psychedelics such as mushrooms or lsd?	What I think you're referring to is [hallucinogen persisting perception disorder](_URL_1_), which no one knows the exact cause of unfortunately. Most hallucinogens act as agonists on the [5-HT2A receptor](_URL_2_), and I suspect HPPD is caused by some kind of lasting downstream effect of 5-HT2A agonism, but exactly wh...	[ "The effects of psychedelics vary widely from one individual to the next, and from one experience to the next. Sometimes individuals under the influence of such drugs do not understand that they have taken a drug and believe that they will never return to their ordinary, sober perception, though some can be reminde...
how is it when our hands are wet things are very slippery, but if they’re slightly damp, things are extra grippy and when they’re bone dry things are slippery again?	Martha is in the grocery store buying some apples. She wants three, so she figures she needs one of those clear plastic bags from the tight rolls they have there and that require you to open the bag before you can use it. She pulls one off and uses her dry hands to try and open it, rubbing the end-that-should-open betw...	[ "These forces are easily experienced when hands are washed with soap. Adsorbing soap molecules make the skin negatively charged, and the slippery feeling is caused by the strongly repulsive double layer forces. These forces are further relevant in many colloidal or biological systems, and may be responsible for the...
how do sports fields make the dark/light patterns?	the grass is cut with a reel mower, which uses horizontal cutting drum versus a single rotor blade like your walk-behind mower that you normally use. It looks more like a cylinder with lots of blades that spin like a rolling pin and when cutting, it pushes the blades of grass so they lean down instead of sticking strai...	[ "Dark pools are of various types and can execute trades in multiple ways, such as through negotiation or automatically (e.g., midpoint crosses, staggered crosses, VWAP, etc.), throughout the day or at scheduled times.\n", "Lightmaps in games are usually colored texture maps, or per vertex colors. They are usually...
Does the notion of a universe existing within a black hole violate conservation of energy?	Both conclusions are flawed. Conclusion #1 is flawed because the observable universe is not closed, so one would not expect energy to be conserved. Conclusion #2 is flawed because every bit of information that goes into a black hole either comes out again as Hawking radiation, or remains for all eternity at the event h...	[ "There is no natural candidate for what might cause what has been called dark energy but the current best guess is that it is the zero-point energy of the vacuum. One difficulty with this assumption is that the zero-point energy of the vacuum is absurdly large compared to the observed cosmological constant. In gene...
Nearly all of the world's most popular sports seem to have been invented in English-speaking countries. Why?	From the reading I've done in the topic, there are a few threads that came together in the mid 19th century that spurred the codification of so many sports. First, you have the massive migration to cities are the result of the industrial revolution. Going back hundreds of years, each village would have its own team g...	[ "There are many sports which have been codified by the English, and then spread worldwide, including badminton, cricket, croquet, football, field hockey, lawn tennis, rugby league, rugby union, table tennis and thoroughbred horse racing. In the late 18th century, the English game of rounders was transported to the ...
why could people still beat chess programs up till 2006?	The computer could only examine so many moves per second, an there is a time limit in tournament chess. As computers have gotten faster, their ability per second has gone way up.	[ "Chess computers were first able to beat strong chess players in the late 1980s. Their most famous success was the victory of Deep Blue over then World Chess Champion Garry Kasparov in 1997, but there was some controversy over whether the match conditions favored the computer.\n", "Chess programs running on comme...
what would happen if time ceased to exist? is this even a concept we can comprehend?	have you ever done acid?	[ "His 1999 book \"The End of Time\" advances timeless physics: the controversial view that time, as we perceive it, does not exist as anything other than an illusion, and that a number of problems in physical theory arise from assuming that it does exist. He argues that we have no evidence of the past other than our...
The collapse of Yugoslavia is described as inevitable but its creation was extremely popular post-WWI; What caused the decline of Yugoslavian Nationalism for regional/ethnic nationalism?	More can always be said, but in the mean time, /u/commiespaceinvader has written some previous answers on the topic of Yugoslavian identity and the break-up of the country which you might find interesting. [This one focuses on the build-up to that point, looking at Tito and his leadership](_URL_1_), while [this one fo...	[ "The breakup of Yugoslavia occurred as a result of a series of political upheavals and conflicts during the early 1990s. After a period of political and economic crisis in the 1980s, constituent republics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia split apart, but the unresolved issues caused bitter inter-ethn...
regarding international flights, how do air traffic control towers deal with pilots coming in speaking all different languages?	The international language of aviation is English. All pilots are required to be proficient in it. You can listen to many international air traffic control feeds at _URL_0_.	[ "At non-towered airports, instead of receiving instructions from an Air traffic controller, Aircraft pilots follow recommended operations, and communications procedures for operating at an airport without a control tower. The exact procedures vary from country to country, but they may include standard arrival and d...
How important did the Persian Empire consider ancient Greece during the time of the Greco-Persian wars and the time after it leading up to Alexander the Great?	The Greeks, in my opinion, began as a security concern to the Persians. They inhabited almost the entire Aegean coastline on both sides. Initially this seemed to be easily resolved; the Ionian cities had become part of the Persian Empire after the Persians conquered the Lydian Empire, and many Greek cities and islands ...	[ "The victories of the Greeks during the great Persian war and the liberation of Thrace, Macedon, and Ionia from the Persian Empire had the effect of enfranchising their kinsmen on the other side of the Aegean; and the Battle of Mycale (479 BC), in which the defeat of the Persians was in great measure owing to the I...
how do they put the vitamins in vitamin pills?	You mix the binding agent with the vitamins and ground it to a fine powder. Then you press it into a pill. A bit lik how you mix ingrediens in a cake. You can se a video of how it is done at _URL_0_	[ "Vitamin C dietary supplements are available as tablets, capsules, drink mix packets, in multi-vitamin/mineral formulations, in antioxidant formulations, and as crystalline powder. Vitamin C is also added to some fruit juices and juice drinks. Tablet and capsule content ranges from 25 mg to 1500 mg per serving. The...
What will be the future of continents?	As long as plate tectonics operates on Earth, it is likely that Earth will continue to go through what is known as the [Supercontinent Cycle](_URL_3_), in which landmasses assemble into supercontinents, break up, and assemble again. We are probably about midway through the part of the cycle between supercontinents (Pan...	[ "\"We will expand, as our growth and civilization shall demand – over Mexico – over the isles of the sea – over the far-off Southern tropics – until we shall establish a great Confederation of Republics – the greatest, freest and most useful the world has ever seen.\"\n", "Concerning my return from those new regi...
How are the ages of the craters of the moon determined?	Usually by counting how many craters are in the craters. The term is "crater counting" or "crater age dating". Meteor bombardment of solar system bodies occurs at a relatively well known rate, so age estimation is pretty straightforward.	[ "Lunar Crater's own age is not known, a tephra potentially correlated to it may have been emplaced 600,000 ± 30,000 - 224,000 ± 43,000 years ago. Scarce traces of erosion imply a late Pleistocene age, however, with a more recent age estimate of 190,000 - 72,000 years ago. Bea's Crater is also not directly dated but...
why is everyone bothered with overpopulation..	Look at population based on geography. Most of the problem is not an overpopulation of country, but overpopulated cities are an entirely different subject.	[ "Others, however, do not believe overpopulation to be a problem in itself; regarding such problems as overcrowding, global warming, and straining food supplies to be problems of public policy and/or technology.\n", "Human overpopulation (or population overshoot) is when there are too many people for the environme...
Bayonets & The Geneva convention?	So there are several issues here. The first is that this isn't something that would fall under the Geneva Conventions, which are actually the "Laws of War" in relation to non-combatants, that is to say the wounded, the captured, and civilians caught in the warzone. The Hague Conventions are the major "laws" which regul...	[ "The bayonet has become a symbol of military power. The term \"at the point of a bayonet\" refers to using military force or action to accomplish, maintain, or defend something (cf. Bayonet Constitution). Undertaking a task \"with fixed bayonets\" has this connotation of no room for compromise and is a phrase used ...
why are so many tests and other metrics not done "out of 100?" (ie, sat are out of 800 or 2400)	The reason they do it for the SATs is because it allows for minor corrections in the scaling. The difference between getting a 2100 and a 2400 on the SAT is 2 percentiles but its 300 "points". It allows for a bigger gap to be shown even as the percentile difference from score-to-score becomes smaller and smaller at opp...	[ "Two well-known tests in the United States that have scaled scores are the ACT and the SAT. The ACT's scale ranges from 0 to 36 and the SAT's from 200 to 800 (per section). Ostensibly, these two scales were selected to represent a mean and standard deviation of 18 and 6 (ACT), and 500 and 100. The upper and lower b...
What are some good books on the Battle of Stalingrad?	The one that I have that I like is Stalingrad : The Fateful Siege by Anthony Beevor. Most WWII histories also cover Stalingrad extensively, for obvious reasons.	[ "Together with David Glantz, House co-authored several books on the military history of the Eastern Front, including \"The Battle of Kursk\" (1999); \"To the Gates of Stalingrad: Soviet-German combat operations, April–August 1942\" (2009); \"Armageddon in Stalingrad: September–November 1942\" (2009); and \"Endgame ...
Do we actually lack evidence that William Shakespeare existed or is that just a myth perpetuated by high school English teachers?	I can give a brief response with sources, but I think we need to separate two points. The question of Shakespeare authorship, and evidence for Shakespeare's existence. If you're saying that high school English teachers are perpetuating the so-called "Authorship Question", which argues that the plays attributed to the ...	[ "In 2007, the New York Times surveyed 265 Shakespeare teachers on the topic. To the question \"Do you think there is good reason to question whether William Shakespeare of Stratford is the principal author of the plays and poems in the canon?\", 6% answered \"yes\" and an additional 11% responded \"possible\", and ...
why do i get a hold on my card for more than the purchase when i buy gas?	Because the gas station does not know when you swipe your card how much gas you are going to pump. In the case of credit cards, this may or may not happen, as the charge is usually guaranteed by the credit issuing company, but in the case of debit cards, the money must exist to be spent. The station puts a hold on an ...	[ "For example, if an individual makes a fuel purchase by swiping a check card or credit card at the pump without using the PIN, the pump has no way of knowing how much fuel will be used. The pump typically authorizes a fixed amount, usually $1 but sometimes up to $100, to verify that the card is legitimate and that ...
why are the parts on the bottom of a car always exposed?	What would be the point of that? Where it is needed (offroad vehicles mostly) there is a metal shield/skid plate that protects the more sensitive bits of the undercarriage. However on normal street cars it just isn't necessary.	[ "These are parts that are commonly replaced due to regular wear and tear. Parts such as the interior fabric, paint, chrome trim, brakes, instruments, electrical components and wiring are considered minor components and generally do not affect the value of the car.\n", "BULLET::::- Cladding: Material (usually plas...
Did Japan "conquer" Korea?	Following a string of devastating military defeats in the 17th century, Korea had become a tributary state of the Manchu state, meaning that it recognized Qing's hegemony but enjoyed near-independence in its domestic affairs. By the latter half of the 19th Century, the Qing began to attempt to exert greater influence i...	[ "In 1592, with an army of approximately 158,000 troops, Toyotomi Hideyoshi launched what would end up being the first of two invasions of Korea, with the intent of conquering Joseon Korea and eventually Ming-dynasty China. Initially, the Japanese forces saw overwhelming success on land, capturing both Hanseong, the...
Sulla is often depicted in fiction as a villain. Was his purges worse than what came before or after?	The "purges" of which you speak are more correctly called proscriptions, because they didn't involve just wantonly killing political enemies, but were (at least technically) a legal punishment. Under the punishment of proscription the name of an enemy of the state was publicly posted. The result was that the proscribed...	[ "The villain is often the central character in melodrama and crime was a favourite theme. This included dramatizations of the murderous careers of Burke and Hare, Sweeney Todd (first featured in \"The String of Pearls\" (1847) by George Dibdin Pitt), the murder of Maria Marten in the Red Barn and the bizarre exploi...
the supposed 'island of stability' in chemistry/physics.	An atomic nucleus is essentially a balancing act between two different forces - the electrostatic force between positively charged protons, which pushes them away from each other; and the residual strong force between nucleons (the collective name for protons and neutrons), which (up to a point) pulls these particles t...	[ "The hypothesis for the island of stability is based upon the nuclear shell model, which implies that the atomic nucleus is built up in \"shells\" in a manner similar to the structure of the much larger electron shells in atoms. In both cases, shells are just groups of quantum energy levels that are relatively clos...
why are lead actors in tv shows, also their executive producers?	Executive producer is a pretty vague title that doesn't necessarily mean anything. Some actors want the prestige of looking like an exec and negotiate to get themselves listed as an executive producer. Or maybe the actors are legitimately really involved with the filmmaking process. After all, actor input can really c...	[ "The production company is often separate from the broadcaster. The executive producer, often the show's creator, is in charge of running the show. They pick the crew and help cast the actors, approve and sometimes write series plots—some even write or direct major episodes—while various other producers help to ens...
would we have to brush our teeth if we consumed no sugar?	Yes, you would want to remove acids as well, as they also cause tooth problems. Brushing your teeth can also help remove pieces of food stuck in your teeth, which would otherwise rot. This is an area where flossing is helpful as well, which you should also do everyday.	[ "Sugars are commonly associated with dental cavities. Other carbohydrates, especially cooked starches, e.g. crisps/potato chips, may also damage teeth, although to a lesser degree (and indirectly) since starch has to be converted to glucose by salivary amylase (an enzyme in the saliva) first. Sugars that are higher...
how does the satellite business work? how do the small telecom companies get access to satellites that costed millions to get into orbit?	So, now the real answer There’s a lot of satellites up there with a lot of capacity. It’s a very mature industry and capacity is always available. There’s actually a lot more space than the sat owners can sell at market rates. Space/capacity on the satellites are leased out to other companies. It’s actually not tha...	[ "The commercial space transportation industry derives the bulk of its revenue from the launching of satellites into the Earth's orbit. Commercial launch providers typically place private and government satellites into low Earth orbit (LEO) and geosynchronous Earth orbit (GEO). In 2002, commercial space transportati...
what happens to the old pavement when a road gets repaved?	The term you are looking for is asphalt recovery. Google has lots of very detailed information but in a nutshell yes there are machines and processes for recovering parts of asphalt roads. There are also asphalt and concrete recycling facilities.	[ "Distressed road materials can be reused when rehabilitating a roadway. The existing pavement is ground or broken up into small pieces, through a process called milling. It can then be transported to an asphalt or concrete plant and incorporated into new pavement, or recycled in place to form the base or subbase fo...
Did Queen Elizabeth I pronounce her first name the same way Queen Elizabeth II does?	Not too distantly, from what we can know. Much of our reconstruction of Elizabethan pronunciation is to be quite frank based on Shakespearean puns, rhymes and meter (along with the remainder of the dramatic and poetical corpus otherwise). We can say at least, for certain, how many syllables a word possesses, from its...	[ "\"Queen Mary\", in 1934, and \"Queen Elizabeth\", in 1938, were both named by and for contemporary spouses of reigning monarchs: Mary of Teck and Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, respectively. These two previous Cunarders both had capitalised bow names, as \"QUEEN MARY\" and \"QUEEN ELIZABETH\".\n", "BULLET::::- Queen Eliz...
Question of Genetics/Evolution?	First there is no such thing as pure or homogeneous in genetics. Every population has genetic variations between individuals. Otherwise everyone would look like identical twins. When some people in Iceland moved to Ecuador evolution will favor slightly darker skinned individuals. Also in time some mutations will occur...	[ "The gene-centered view of evolution is a synthesis of the theory of evolution by natural selection, the particulate inheritance theory, and the non-transmission of acquired characters. It states that those alleles whose phenotypic effects successfully promote their own propagation will be favorably selected relati...
i'm seeing huawei pop up a lot in the news. can somebody please explain the drama?	Huawei makes the equipment that runs telephone systems. Huawei is linked to the Chinese government. Security firms have found chips in Huawei equipment that have no reason to be there, possibly being a hardware hack from the factory that could give access to everything that passes through that equipment.	[ "U.S. measures intensified in May 2019; in the midst of an ongoing trade war between China and the United States, Huawei was restricted from doing commerce with U.S. companies due to alleged previous willful violations of U.S. sanctions against Iran. On 29 June 2019, U.S. President Donald Trump reached an agreement...
Did tanks made by America (or other Allied Powers) in WW 2 were used by Russia in the invasion of Poland?	To clarify - are you talking about the Soviet invasion of Poland in 1939? Because in that case, no, no Allied equipment would have been used by the Soviets. The American Lend-Lease policy of sending arms and supplies to Allied nations did not begin until 1941, and the USSR did not receive Lend-Lease shipments until Oct...	[ "The United States Tank Corps used tanks supplied by France and Great Britain during World War I. Production of American-built tanks had just begun when the War came to an end. Italy also manufactured two Fiat 2000s towards the end of the war, too late to see service. Russia independently built and trialed two prot...
what exactly is a private prison?	A prison run by a private organization. Almost always for-profit. They are generally paid per prisoner they keep by the state.	[ "A private prison, or for-profit prison, is a place where people are imprisoned by a third party that is contracted by a government agency. Private prison companies typically enter into contractual agreements with governments that commit prisoners and then pay a per diem or monthly rate, either for each prisoner in...
Has there ever been a society in which a child's parents are not the ones who name it?	[Tibetan names are bestowed by a lama](_URL_0_). I vaguely remember there are some other cultures where this is the case as well.	[ "Parents may name their child in honor of a person of another sex, which – if done widely – can result in the name becoming unisex. For example, Christians, particularly Catholics, may give a child a second/middle name of the opposite sex, e.g. name a son Marie or Maria in honor of the Virgin Mary or formerly Anne ...
If bird feathers are blue because of structural coloration, why are albino peacocks still completely white?	[SOME bird feathers are blue because of structural coloration, but not all.](_URL_0_) Edit: That said, it looks like peacocks use at least some structural coloration, so I'm back to no answer.	[ "As with many birds, vibrant iridescent plumage colours are not primarily pigments, but structural colouration. Optical interference Bragg reflections, based on regular, periodic nanostructures of the barbules (fiber-like components) of the feathers, produce the peacock's colours. Slight changes to the spacing of t...
why do nuclear reactions require uranium?	Other atoms do work. Uranium-235 is a heavy atom that is almost unstable, and therefore easy to break apart to release energy. We use it because it is the easiest one to use. Edit - mixed up my 235 and 238. Kudos to Hiddencamper for the correction.	[ "Some atoms, notably uranium-238, do not usually undergo fission when struck by slow neutrons, but do split when struck with neutrons of high enough energy. The fast neutrons produced in a hydrogen bomb by fusion of deuterium and tritium have even higher energy than the fast neutrons produced in a nuclear reactor. ...
why isn't italy called romania?	The people who lived in what was parts of Transylvania, Walachia and Moldavia called themselves "Romans" because they were originally descended from Romans -- unlike the Slavs and Turks who were their neighbours. Ironically, it was 16th century Italian travellers who first documented this. Basically, some Romans had se...	[ "Relations between Italy and Romania have traditionally been close due to a shared Latin identity and similar languages. During World War I, both countries fought the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and during World War II, contributed hundreds of thousands of troops to the Eastern Front where many died fighting the Sovie...
what happens to all the parts of rockets that fall off as it's going to space?	Some of them burn up on re-entry if they are high enough in the atmosphere. The rest hit the earth where they (hopefully) won't hit people. This is why launch pads are in the middle of nowhere and tend to launch directly over the ocean. Generally, most of the things that land in the ocean are too heavy to float and wil...	[ "In characterizing the problem of space debris, it was learned that much debris was due to rocket upper stages (e.g. the Inertial Upper Stage) which end up in orbit, and break up due to decomposition of unvented unburned fuel. However, a major known impact event involved an (intact) Ariane booster. Although NASA an...
Why was the thinking behind "domino theory" wrong?	First, note that other nation's in the region did fall to Communism after the United States withdrew from Vietnam. After years of violence, Communists took power in Cambodia (the "Khmer Rogue regime") and Laos in 1975. Just as many critics had warned, after the United States withdrew from Vietnam in 1973, other nat...	[ "The domino theory was a theory prominent from the 1950s to the 1980s that posited that if one country in a region came under the influence of communism, then the surrounding countries would follow in a domino effect. The domino theory was used by successive United States administrations during the Cold War to just...
why do the first two or three pages of kids books all just say the title of the book?	Some of these blank pages are for balance. If you have a 21 double sided page story you will need 11 pieces of paper folded in half to make your book, 21 of those pages will have words and one page will be blank . _URL_1_ _URL_0_	[ "All of the books have additional tasks at the bottom of some pages, which can be written or completed orally, including close text, i.e. 'find the missing word'. Many books have comprehension questions at the end of the book giving page numbers where the answer can be found. The story books also come with workbook...
If a bubble were to form at the bottom of the Marina trench would it be crushed by the pressure?	If you brought an air bubble down from the surface, yes it would be crushed to a much smaller volume. If some chemical process formed a gas bubble at the bottom, or one was released from the crust, it would remain at whatever size but would gradually expand to over 1000x its original volume as it rose and pressure was ...	[ "When the gas bubble's diameter equaled the water depth, , it hit the sea floor and the sea surface simultaneously. At the bottom, it started digging a shallow crater, ultimately deep and wide. At the top, it pushed the water above it into a \"spray dome\", which burst through the surface like a geyser. Elapsed tim...
why does my period sync up with the full moon?	The moon is also on a 28 day cycle.	[ "The oscillating nature of the distance to the full or new moon is due to the difference between the synodic and anomalistic months. The period of this oscillation is about 14 synodic months, which is close to 15 anomalistic months.\n", "All full moons rise around the time of sunset. Since the Moon moves eastward...
why is there so much automatic opposition to hillary clinton?	From the left, there is a considerable sentiment that Clinton isn't far left enough - thus the support for Sanders and Warren. From the right, there's the analysis that she's a known quantity - and what we know isn't impressive. She's the wife of a popular politician who was essentially handed high offices where she ...	[ "Bill Clinton attracted controversy for his participation in his wife's campaign after a series of attacks made on his part against Obama, which many former Clinton supporters felt to be unfair. While some felt the attacks against Obama may eventually pay off, others felt it would damage Hillary Clinton's president...
if nurses have to be so careful not to oversedate patients, why is it so hard for executioners to overdose a prisoner?	A conventional lethal injection protocol consists of thiopentone, pancuronium and potassium chloride. Either of those is pretty much guaranteed to be lethal on its own, as long as it is given intravenously. Unfortunately, both thiopentone and potassium chloride are extremely irritant and painful when injected into s...	[ "Additionally, opponents argue that the method of administration is also flawed. They state that since the personnel administering the lethal injection lack expertise in anesthesia, the risk of failing to induce unconsciousness is greatly increased. In reference to this problem, Jay Chapman, the creator of the Amer...
The LHC, when it powers back up, will have a collision energy of 14 TeV. The canceled Superconducting Super Collider would have ran at 40 TeV. Do we have theories for what we would hope to see at those energies?	To follow on from /u/AsAChemicalEngineer: There are two factors to consider. In an electron collider (or other lepton collider, like the proposed muon collider) the collision is very simple and happens at one specific energy. If you collide two electrons through a range around the mass of some particle, you'll see an ...	[ "The SSC's planned collision energy of 2 x 20 = 40 TeV was roughly three times that of the 2 x 6.5 = 13 TeV (as of June 2015) of its European counterpart, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN in Geneva. However, the planned luminosity was only one tenth of the design luminosity of the LHC.\n", "Until August 20...
why incest is bad	Picture this: You and your sister have 4 lego blocks each, their colors are red-green-blue-yellow. Mary, a friend you like, has 4 lego blocks too, their colors are purple-orange-pink-teal. Suzy, another friend, has 4 blocks, but they are red-brown-purple-teal. So Suzy has a block that is the same color as one o...	[ "In most societies around the world, the concept of incest exists and is criminalized. James Roffee, a senior lecturer in criminology at Monash University, addressed potential harm associated with familial sexual activity, such as resulting children born with deficiencies. However, the law is more concerned with pr...
Why does the "s" at the beginning of each word in older American and European documents look like an "f"?	The letter you are referring to is called a [Long S](_URL_0_), which was derived from the old Roman cursive medial s (an s in the middle of a word). In many alphabets, some letters take different forms depending on their position within the word. English for example has capital letters which only appear in certain si...	[ "The origin of 'F' is the Semitic letter \"vâv\" (or \"waw\") that represented a sound like or . Graphically it originally probably depicted either a hook or a club. It may have been based on a comparable Egyptian hieroglyph such as (transliterated as ḥ(dj)): T3\n", "The diacritic letters \"ä, ö\" and \"ü\" are u...
After the Battle of Britain, were there any manned bomber attacks on Britain by the Luftwaffe that got through? Were they able to maintain recon flights over the UK?	There were plenty of German air raids on Britain after September 1940. The Blitz, the night bombing of British cities, started during the tail end of the BoB, but continued through May 1941 when Barbarossa forced the relocation of a good chunk of Germany's air assets to the East. Nighttime raids continued on a low-leve...	[ "During the Battle of Britain, the German Luftwaffe attempted to destroy Great Britain's Chain Home radar stations in order to degrade the British air defense network. However, German High Command failed to realize the efficiency of not only the radar stations themselves but the command and control system directing...
How much blood can you lose before you pass out?	It's called hypovolemic shock, it is usually devided up into 4 stages and the 4th stage is were you can start to pass out, this is when you lose around 40% of your blood or around 2000 ml. This is more or less the same as a lethal amount of blood loss, the difference between fainting and dying is better measured in ti...	[ "Blood accounts for about 8% of body weight, so a 50 kg (110 lb) donor has about four liters of blood. No more than 50% of a donor's platelets are ever extracted in one sitting, and they can be replenished by the body in about three days.\n", "The first appearance in the blood is normally two months after infecti...
Question about the history of animal domestication.	Domestication of animals is generally a prehistoric phenomenon, and is thus better suited to /r/AskAnthropology.	[ "The domestication of animals, of which we have evidence dating back to the end of the last glacial period (c. 10,000 BCE), allowed the systematic production of meat and the breeding of animals with a view to improving meat production. Animals that are now principal sources of meat were domesticated in conjunction ...
When did cities begin naming streets MLK Blvd., etc? Did they intentionally do this in predominantly African American neighborhoods?	Chicago renamed South Park Way for King within four months after his death, and that's thought to be the first example. Austin (circa 1975) was also quite early. Most renamings occurred after the 1983 designation of a national holiday. It's been reported (in today's Chicago Tribune) that calls to rename a longer s...	[ "BULLET::::- Chicago: Chicago became the first city in the world to name a street after King; in 1968. Today, Martin Luther King Jr. Drive (formerly South Park Way, and originally Grand Boulevard) features a tribute to the Great Northern Migration (a statue honoring the tens of thousands of Blacks who migrated from...
During prohibition, what did cooks/chefs use in replacement of alcohols when cooking such dishes as Chicken Marsala?	Cooking wine wasn't prohibited, as it deliberately contains enough salt that it's not really drinkable. This is also why it's not taxed as wine. Of course, it's also not as good for cooking with, but that's another matter.	[ "During Prohibition the Andromeda Saloon was one of very few pubs that survived, and it did so by calling itself the Andromeda Cafe – which provided classy seafood fare such as fresh oysters and clams, all the while still serving alcohol discreetly.\n", "During Prohibition, Remsen was a major player in the brewin...
why is psychopathy considered a personality disorder when a more natural and accurate definition of psychopathic behaviour is a higher "predatory instinct"?	Why do you think the more accurate definition is a higher "predatory instinct"? That's not what it is. Humans are supposed to feel empathy for each other, and psychopaths don' so it's a disorder. They're no more predatory than anyone else, they just don't feel guilty about being such.	[ "Psychopathy is associated with several adverse life outcomes as well as increased risk of disability and death due to factors such as violence, accidents, homicides, and suicides. This, in combination with the evidence for genetic influences, is evolutionarily puzzling and may suggest that there are compensating e...
do you really have to wait 30 minutes to swim after you eat? (proof)	This is discussed in quite a lot of detail over at snopes, see: _URL_0_ Your question seems to be a variation on the myth described above.	[ "BULLET::::- Eating less than an hour before swimming does not increase the risk of experiencing muscle cramps or drowning. One study shows a correlation between alcohol consumption and drowning, but there is no evidence cited regarding the consumption of food or stomach cramps.\n", "Symptoms typically occur with...
Before the Holocaust and Nazism, what was a bad thing to joke about?	If I understand your question, you are asking what was the pre-WW2 version of "don't be a Nazi about" some petty thing like smoking, getting your TPS reports right, recycling, etc. Also, I'm guessing you are curious about just-before-WW2, not what Charlemagne would have joked about 12 centuries ago. One good source...	[ "\"The Joke\" was released in 1969, some months after the August 1968 Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia had put an end to the freedoms of the Prague Spring. Though it was a success in theaters, authorities banned it for the next twenty years, making it \"one of the New Wave’s most renowned casualties\".\n", ...
If somebody gets a new organ and you check ~50 years later, will the organ still have the DNA of the donor?	It depends on the organ, and on what cells you look at. Some cells (monocytes, for exemple) are able to migrate inside tissues, and they would have the DNA of the host. However, the huge majority of the cells would have the donor's DNA, yes.	[ "In a typical adult recipient LDLT, 55 to 70% of the liver (the right lobe) is removed from a healthy living donor. The donor's liver will regenerate approaching 100% function within 4–6 weeks, and will almost reach full volumetric size with recapitulation of the normal structure soon thereafter. It may be possible...
Thursday AMA: I'm Scott Sowerby, associate professor of British history at Northwestern. Ask me questions about seventeenth-century England!	Welcome! I recently took a course in which one of the readings was "Ralph Tailor's Summer", about the 1636 outbreak of the plague in Newcastle. My question is, what are some other interesting microhistories from around this period (not necessarily pertaining to disease)?	[ "Maltby's main research interests are church history and the history of early modern Britain. Particular interests include \"16th and 17th century English religion\", \"liturgy and the history of the Church of England\", ecumenism, and \"Anglican responses to persecution during the 1640-50s\".\n", "Professor Robe...
what's the difference between the handbrake and pedal brake and why is the former used for drifting?	The pedal activates all 4 brakes. The hand brake activates only the rear two. Breaking traction in the rear tires and initiating the drift	[ "When the brake pedal of a modern vehicle with hydraulic brakes is pushed against the master cylinder, ultimately a piston pushes the brake pad against the brake disc which slows the wheel down. On the brake drum it is similar as the cylinder pushes the brake shoes against the drum which also slows the wheel down.\...
What is the function of psychoactive and medicinal chemicals to the plants and fungi unto themselves?	In many of these cases, these compounds are natural pesticides, i.e. they are meant to keep the plants or mushrooms from being eaten by insects or other animals. Salicylic acid is one of the few exceptions here, as it is a plant hormone.	[ "There now exist many synthetic drugs with similar psychoactive properties, many derived from the aforementioned plants. Many pure active compounds with psychoactive properties have been isolated from these respective organisms and chemically synthesized, including mescaline, psilocybin, DMT, salvinorin A, ibogaine...
Are there any particular risks of alcohol use in underage drinkers?	Hey folks! Please keep this on topic. No debates about the drinking age, no personal experiences. We're here to learn from the people with the knowhow on this topic. Thanks!	[ "It is also common for offenders to use drinking as a coping mechanism, not necessarily for social or enjoyment reasons, when they are antisocial in nature and have a father with a history of alcoholism. Offenders who begin drinking at an earlier age for thrills and \"fun\" are more likely to be antisocial later in...
What Were The Presence Of Sikh Soldiers In The Gulf War?	Hi there! It seems you are looking for someone to do specifically tailored research [for a commercial product for you](_URL_0_). While asking for historical research is fine here, there are users with expertise in these fields who may be inclined to help if they know what your budget is for historical consultation. Dep...	[ "During the Gulf War (1990–1991), when approximately a half million US military personal assembled in Saudi Arabia, and many were then stationed there, there were many Jewish US service personnel in Saudi Arabia. It is reported that the Saudi government insisted that Jewish religious services not be held on their s...
Do all sound frequencies dissipate equally in air, or do some frequencies penetrate farther than others?	There are two factors to consider: 1. Obstructions. 2. The weather. Specifically temperature and humidity. The larger the wavelength (lower frequency) the easier it will be for sound to diffract around obstructions. So when you talk about an urban environment, or an environment with other sorts of obstructions, the l...	[ "Higher sound frequencies are absorbed by the air over a distance. The amount of absorption depends on the frequency and the humidity of the air. This is why close thunder crackles and distant thunder rumbles; the air has absorbed the higher frequencies.\n", "BULLET::::- Sound spectrum: High frequencies are more ...
Was most of the Earth's landmass once forested?	This is less of a history question and more of a climatology question, since they would be the ones to do research on forest cover and deforestation rates. Fortunately for you, they've already done legwork on this kind of thing. You can actually get information on the assessment of Earth's frontier forests and such fr...	[ "Before the arrival of humans, an estimated 80% of the land was covered in forest, with only high alpine, wet, infertile and volcanic areas without trees. Massive deforestation occurred after humans arrived, with around half the forest cover lost to fire after Polynesian settlement. Much of the remaining forest fel...
why is my id not required to vote in the us but is required to get into a bar?	Because going to a bar is a privilege while voting is a right. So there is no super big conflict if bar attendance is mildly discriminatory.	[ "In July 2016, a federal appeals court found that Texas's voter ID law discriminated against black and Hispanic voters because only a few types of ID were allowed; for example, military IDs and concealed carry permits were allowed, but state employee photo IDs and university photo IDs were not.\n", "BULLET::::- V...
If you were to reflect a photon between two perfect mirrors endlessly, would it eventually run out of energy from exertion of radiation pressure?	If in the limit that your mirrors are very heavy and rigid, even if momentum is transfered, energy is not, so the photon stays the same forever. Total momentum is conserved and not accumlated because the photon 'hits both mirrors equally often'. Energy is conserved because the neither the photon energy nor the mirror e...	[ "Einstein proposed as part of his theory of special relativity that light reflected from a mirror moving close to the speed of light will have higher peak power than the incident light because of temporal compression. Using a dense relativistic electron mirror created from a high-intensity laser pulse and nanometre...
why are random youtube videos shot with a camcorder often deafeningly loud, but dvds, official music videos, mp3s, etc. only just barely loud enough to satisfy when the volume is at maximum?	Essentially, you can have high quality, or you can have high volume, but you can't have both. An engineer mixing a dvd is usually making the assumption that it will be played back on a sound system with a relatively high dynamic range, and will set the levels so that, generally speaking, a whisper, a conversation, and...	[ "Poorly compressed VCD video can sometimes be of lower quality than VHS video, for example exhibiting VCD block artifacts (rather than the analog noise seen in VHS sources), but does not deteriorate further with each use. Producing video CDs involves stripping out high- and low-frequency sounds from the video, resu...
English Longbow: Is it true that the English Army fielded at Agincourt could have potentially defeated any army fielded at any battle anywhere, up until the invention of long-range rifles (mid 19th Century)?	I must have missed this thread, so I apologise for the late reply. There are a few assumptions and generalisations which are interesting, but also part of a modern revisionist view on the effectiveness of English archers from the medieval times. Robert Hardy's Longbow: A Military and Social Context provides many hist...	[ "The English longbow was greatly responsible for making England a major military power in the late medieval period, the English had introduced this deadly longbow during the Battle of Crecy. King Edward III was ravaging the countryside during the invasion of France, King Philip VI of France intercepted the English ...
why neutron stars are so dense and hot?	Gravity, basically after a supernova what is left collapses so dramatically that all the matter gets squished together when everything is pushed together it then generates an enormous amount of heat.	[ "Neutron stars that can be observed are very hot and typically have a surface temperature of around . They are so dense that a normal-sized matchbox containing neutron-star material would have a weight of approximately 3 billion metric tons, the same weight as a 0.5 cubic kilometre chunk of the Earth (a cube with e...
what makes us 'fancy' or 'go off' certain foods day-by-day?	Your body is actually pretty good at determining what nutrients it needs and craves foods that contain those nutrients. From _URL_0_ > The cravings for certain types of food are linked to their ingredients. Chocolate for example, contains the amino acid phenylethylamine, which is important for the regulation of the...	[ "Fancy is a social photo sharing webstore and mobile app created by Joseph Einhorn. The New York-based e-commerce site allows users to engage in socially oriented shopping through picture feeds and sharing. Users can purchase products that they see directly from the website, which acts as an intermediary between th...
what were jellyfish called before jelly?	Jellyfish used to be called medusa too, and were called that maybe 40-50 years before jellyfish was coined in 1796. I actually think the phrase jelly has been used for a very long time. Gelu (meaning frost) is a Latin word and has been around for over 2000 years. I'm not entirely sure, but it's probably older than th...	[ "The name jellyfish, in use since 1796, has traditionally been applied to medusae and all similar animals including the comb jellies (ctenophores, another phylum). The term \"jellies\" or \"sea jellies\" is more recent, having been introduced by public aquaria in an effort to avoid use of the word \"fish\" with its...
why do ads use phrases like "one weird trick", "discovered by a mom", and "doctors hate her"?	because people don't trust big corporations and hope there is some kind of loophole in life, basically what you do is imply this person (not corporation) found this loophole and is willing to share	[ "One weird trick, or one weird old tip, or one weird old trick and other variants are a form of clickbait advertising that has been common on the internet since around the late 2000s. The formula used in the advertisements was first applied to weight loss products but has since been extended to cures for problems i...
why are the pockets on brand new suits and some other types of clothing sewn shut?	For several reasons. It helps make sure that the suit keeps it's correct shape during the final steps of manufacturing and the pressing (ironing). Also it is done to help the suit look better while it is on display in the store. And it keeps everyone else's grimy booger hooks out of the pockets until the proud new o...	[ "A garment bag or suit bag is a container of flexible material, usually used to ease transporting suits, jackets or clothing in general, and also to protect clothes from dust by hanging them inside with their hangers and then in the closet bar. The simplest models usually have a zipper that opens from top to bottom...
how do farmers keep up with all the food being grown for everyone on earth?	so if we took the total agricultural output and measured it again the world's food needs. we surpassed that as a planet a long time ago. the problem is, food is not distributed for everyone on earth. some places have an abundance and have to dump them or turn them into other products in order to not crash the food m...	[ "The agriculture industry is evolving rapidly to keep up with an expanding global population. Farmers and ranchers have adopted technologies to improve their efficiency and produce more food on the same amount of land. In 1940, the American farmer produced enough food to feed 19 people each year. Seven decades late...
How did Turkey become the largest per capita consumer of tea?	Anatolian was once famous for its coffee culture, of course. We still in the West generally call Turkish coffee "Turkish coffee". "The coffeehouse" played not quite the same role in the Ottoman Empire as it did in Europe (where Habermas basically credits it with creating the public sphere) but it was perhaps the most...	[ "In 2004 Turkey produced 205,500 tonnes of tea (6.4% of the world's total tea production), which made it one of the largest tea markets in the world, with 120,000 tons being consumed in Turkey, and the rest being exported. Furthermore, in 2004, Turkey had the highest per capita tea consumption in the world, at 2.5 ...
why do our teeth chatter when we are cold?	* Chattering is usually accompanied by shivering and happens when you are cold * All of this is just rapid contraction and relaxation of muscles * Contraction needs energy, thus calories are burned * Rapid (and thus "superfluous") contraction causes more calorie burn then at rest * More calorie burn = raised temper...	[ "Oropharyngolaryngeal ictal manifestations are unilateral sensorimotor symptoms inside the mouth. Numbness, and more commonly paraesthesias (tingling, prickling, freezing), are usually diffuse on one side or, exceptionally, may be highly localised even to one tooth. Motor oropharyngolaryngeal symptoms produce stran...
why was the sr-71 retired, but the u2 still see service?	SR-71 is much more expensive to fly, both in fuel costs and in maintenance. Basically, you have to have an entire fleet of tanker aircraft dedicated to the SR-71, because they run on special fuel. Its responsibilities have largely been taken over by satellites, and these days anyone that can shoot a U2 down can proba...	[ "By early 1989, the operational lifetime of the F-4 Phantom was ending, and the number of RF-4C squadrons serving both on active-duty as well as in Air National Guard units was being reduced. In large part, the RF-4C was being replaced by the ability of the Lockheed U-2 TR-1A and TR-1B variant, which had taken over...
united states congress vs english parliament.	First things first, there is no "English parliament". It's the UK parliament, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland are also represented in it. Like th US Congress, it has two houses. The UK House of Commons is similar to the US House of Representatives. It's elected the same way, using the first past the post system....	[ "English votes for English laws (EVEL) is a set of procedures of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom whereby legislation which affects only England requires the support of a majority of MPs representing English constituencies. The procedures were developed following devolution in the United...
how they draw blood without going right through the vein?	Lots of practice. And by going in at a very shallow angle it takes longer for the needle to leave the vein.	[ "The other method is to draw blood from the donor, separate it using a centrifuge or a filter, store the desired part, and return the rest to the donor. This process is called apheresis, and it is often done with a machine specifically designed for this purpose. This process is especially common for plasma and plat...
Is there actually a verifiable link between scizophrenia and marijuana use?	There is defiantly an association between use of cannabis and psychosis. However, it is uncertain how much is due to cannabis use being a risk factor for psychosis and how much is due to people who already are vulnerable or have early symptoms of psychosis being more likely to use cannabis. As a review from [McLaren ...	[ "There is evidence that cannabinoids are psychotomimetic, especially delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). D'Souza et al. (2004) found that intravenous THC produced effects that resemble schizophrenia in both the positive symptoms (illusions, paranoia and disorganized thinking) and negative symptoms (apathy, anhedoni...
The Japanese attacked pearl harbor on December 7. Where the Japanese carriers located during this attack in relation to the Hawaiian islands?	The Kido Butai had steamed through the great wastes of the North Pacific. Known today more for the giant garbage patch it is perhaps the single most desolate swath of water in the world. The fleet was in position almost due North of Oahu when it came time to launch the strike. This position was chosen as it would giv...	[ "The attack on Pearl Harbor (called \"Hawaii Operation\" or \"Operation AI\" by the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters) was a surprise military strike conducted by the Imperial Japanese Navy against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on the morning of December 7, 1941 (December 8 in Japan and...
how does my iphone know where i work if there is no record in my phone?	I use Android, but it does the same thing. I think it just uses GPS to figure out where you spend time everyday and makes an educated guess.	[ "The records include detailed call information (caller, receiver, date/time of call, length of call, etc.) for use in traffic analysis and social network analysis, but do not include audio information or transcripts of the content of the phone calls.\n", "iPhone lets the user know when an alert is sent to the it,...
would drinking alcohol dehydrogenase make you sober quicker?	Ingesting? No, your stomach would digest it pretty quickly, and even if it did survive I doubt it'll pass through the small intestine lining. Injecting? Maybe, but I wouldn't chance that since it probably has to stay in very specific conditions to work.	[ "Such persons have impaired acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, which causes acetaldehyde levels to peak higher, producing more severe hangovers and other effects such as flushing and tachycardia. Conversely, members of certain ethnicities that traditionally did not use alcoholic beverages have lower levels of alcohol dehy...
What physical or chemical changes occur to the brain during a migraine?	It's been theorized that changes in serotonin levels might induce migraines: _URL_0_	[ "The role of migraines in Alice in Wonderland syndrome is still not understood, but both vascular and electrical theories have been suggested. For example, visual distortions may be a result of transient, localized ischaemia (an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body) in areas of the visual pathway...
& american: what is the bbc?	Imagine if NPR or PBS were a full media company with TV programing and news in tv, radio, and print and had actual support from the government.	[ "The BBC airs two networks in the United States, BBC America and BBC World News. The American network PBS collaborates with the BBC and rebroadcasts British television shows in the United States such as \"Doctor Who\", \"Keeping Up Appearances\", \"Masterpiece Theatre\", \"Monty Python's Flying Circus\", \"Nova\". ...
Between the 13th and 15th Century, what would 1 Florin have bought me in Italy?	So the short answer is no. They were too valuable for that. For example the Medici bank was first started with only [10,000 florins](_URL_0_) in 1397. At its absolute peak the Medici family had assets valuing 123,000 florins which made them by far the wealthiest family in Italy. But those numbers still don't get at the...	[ "In the fourteenth century, a hundred and fifty European states and local coin-issuing authorities made their own copies of the florin. The most important of these was the Hungarian forint, because the Kingdom of Hungary was a major source of European gold (until mining in the New World began to contribute to the s...
what are the not-so-obvious clues police look for in a field sobriety test?	Are you talking and moving at the same time? Drunks tend to do one or the other. Are you speaking more clearly answering simple questions than thinking ones (count by three or alphabet backwards).	[ "One of the main criticisms of field sobriety tests is that the judgment is left up to the discretion of the police officer. An officer may have some bias towards a suspect and judge the test more critically than necessary. Additionally, it is almost impossible to tell whether or not a police officer used proper pr...
Recently, the president of Turkey claimed that Muslim sailors arrived in America in 1178. Does this claim have any evidence behind it?	hi! not discouraging further responses here, but fyi, there was a discussion about this yesterday * [Recep Erdogan just claimed Muslim sailors discovered the Americas circa 1178. Is there a history of such claims?](_URL_0_)	[ "Among other information, it confirms the presence of 50 ships in the Christian fleet as well as its detour through the Tramuntana coast, as it was spotted from coastal watchtowers by scouts who informed Abú Yahya. The Muslim & Christian accounts of the treatment given to the Muslim governor of Majorca do not agree...
How Did the Rum Ration Affect British Sailors?	Sailors in the Royal Navy weren't given a full imperial pint of Rum a day, they were given about an eighth of a pint at midday every day. For ratings below Petty Officer the rum was watered down at a ratio of two to one to make Grog. A Standard imperial pint is ~568ml, an eighth of a pint therefore is ~71ml. Here in C...	[ "The rum ration (also called tot) was a daily amount of rum given to sailors on Royal Navy ships. It was abolished in 1970 after concerns that regular intakes of alcohol would lead to unsteady hands when working machinery.\n", "Until the grog ration was discontinued in 1970, Royal Navy rum was 95.5 proof, or 54.6...
why does attending colleges at means necessary seem to be the norm?	Uhh... Yeah... I don't understand the question.	[ "Those who attend US colleges and universities choose particular institutions based on several factors, including price, prestige and selectivity of the school, course offerings and college majors, location, campus culture, and job opportunities following graduation.\n", "About half of colleges use a wait list, p...
why is jesus holding an orb and putting up two fingers in many of his portraits?	The orb is called a [globus cruciger](_URL_0_), and symbolizes Christ's sovereignty over the world (thus the cross on top of the globe). In an interesting side note, this is yet another thing pointing out that yes, people did know the world was spherical before Christopher Columbus.	[ "BULLET::::- From Carolingian art until the Romanesque period, the hand may appear above the top of the cross in the Crucifixion of Jesus, pointing straight down. Sometimes it holds a wreath over Christ's head, as on the rear of the Ottonian Lothair Cross at Aachen Cathedral. The hand represents divine approval, an...
what the difference between a democratic socialist and a "traditional" socialist is?	Socialism Socialism is a big word that actually covers a VERY LARGE variety of political ideologies. Socialism can be ran by the state or anarchic, it can be national or a small community, it can be communist or have markets in it. The IMPORTANT part, which frankly no "socialist" country has actually achieved, ...	[ "Democratic socialism is a political philosophy that advocates political democracy alongside a socially owned economy, with an emphasis on workers' self-management and democratic control of economic institutions within a market or some form of a decentralised planned socialist economy. Democratic socialists argue t...
the churches stance on evolution and the universe?	Which church? There's literally thousands of them. Assuming you're talking about the Catholic Church, they are on board with evolution, although I don't know the official stance on the size of the universe.	[ "Today, the official Church's position remains a focus of controversy and is fairly non-specific, stating only that faith and scientific findings regarding human evolution are not in conflict, specifically: the Church allows for the possibility that the human body developed from previous biological forms but it was...
Are there any animals that consciously farm food similarly to humans?	Some ant species are big on farming. Leaf cutter ants, for example, are not eating those leaves: they are taking them back to the nest to treat them because they use the result to grow an edible (by them) fungus, on which they survive. But my favourite are herder ants. These ants also cultivate a fungus, not to eat...	[ "Animals in the wild appear to be relatively free from eating disorders although their body composition fluctuates depending on seasonal and reproductive cycles. However, domesticated animals including farm, laboratory, and pet animals are prone to disorders. Evolutionary fitness drives feeding behavior in wild ani...
Were the Japanese during WWII actually as fanatical as they are commonly portrayed?	"Fanaticism" might be the wrong word to describe the motives of Japanese population in 1944 and 1945. There certainly were fanatics in the government, armed forces, and civil society. But you'll also see people acting out of fear, force of habit, social pressure, war weariness, and a sense of resignation - the desire t...	[ "BULLET::::- During World War II, several American newspapers and major animated studios put out cartoons and films depicting the Japanese with exaggerated Asian features and as being untrustworthy or trickster figures, echoing the anti-Japanese racist sentiments common during the war period.\n", "American media ...
language dialects	The degree of variance amongst dialects depends on the language. For example, dialects of Spanish are like English- distinct, yet totally mutually intelligible. Someone from Bolivia can chat with someone from Spain, each in their own dialect, with little difficulty understanding one another. Arabic, for example, is d...	[ "A dialect continuum or dialect chain is a spread of language varieties spoken across some geographical area such that neighbouring varieties differ only slightly, but the differences accumulate over distance so that widely separated varieties are not mutually intelligible. That happens, for example, across large p...
Does tailgating car in front reduces drag? if so how close and how fast should cars be going in order for this effect to be significant	Yes it does, but do not tailgate in real life. Not worth dying for decreased drag. Any closer than 10 feet gains in fuel efficiency drop due to the driver constantly make throttle changes to avoid dying Mythbusters did this and found that tailgating a semi at 10 feet away was like 39% increase in mpg. 20 feet 27%, 50...	[ "The ideal shape to minimize drag is a teardrop. However researchers including Kamm found that abruptly cutting off the tail resulted in minimal increase in drag. The reason for this is that a turbulent wake region forms behind the vertical surface at the rear of the car. This wake region mimics the effect of the t...
Why do U.S. Marines revere Chesty Puller?	Marine here, not historian. A big part of is is the institutional memory of him, rather than any personal memories. Chesty is THE most decorated Marine. In addition, he started out at the bottom, enlisted, then went and became an officer, which gets him a lot of respect, especially when you add his other accomplishmen...	[ "In U.S. Marine Corps recruit training and OCS cadences, Marines chant \"It was good for Chesty Puller/And it's good enough for me\" as well as \"Tell Chesty Puller I did my best.\"—Chesty is symbolic of the \"esprit de corps\" of the Marines.\n", "Puller and Hall personally placed the soldiers with Marines in ex...

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.