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train · 226k rows

question stringlengths 3 301	answer stringlengths 9 26.1k	context list
what would happen if the world were to hit the reset button on the global economy?	Nations don't owe each other. If they did the debts would just cancel each other out as logic dictates. It's the people the governments take loans from. Suddenly saying "lol no, you're not getting your money back" would be a reset button for economics just like a nuke is a reset button for a city, when suddenly millio...	[ "Beyond the Crash: Overcoming the first crisis of globalisation is a 2010 book by former UK prime minister Gordon Brown. The work argues that the only way to fully overcome the financial crisis of 2007–2010 is with further coordinated global action. Brown states that a shared \"global compact\" on jobs and growth s...
Did other nations have a similar "Manifest Destiny" period where huge numbers of settlers expanded the frontiers of the country?	Japan comes to mind with their expansion into the Northern region of Hokkaido. That period of history in Japan has many parallels to Western expansion in the states. Right down to the subjugation of the native people who lived in the region. In Japan's case the native people were the Ainu instead of Native Americans.	[ "The first westward migrations occurred as representatives of the Thirteen Colonies sought to open up new lands for their respective colonies westward. Those whose original royal charters did not specify a western limit simply extended their lands directly and indefinitely westward. \n", "There were conflicts bet...
if your neurones make a new connection when you learn something new, would it be possible to run out of space in your brain for new connections to form.	No, basically a neuron is capable of thousands of potential connection to other neurons, your brain is formed of trillions of these neural pathways (synapses) and they do strengthen and weaken over time. Your brain cleans out old or unused pathways as it develops more. The potential for creating new pathways is always ...	[ "At the beginning of the connectome project, it was thought that the connections between neurons were unchangeable once established and that only individual synapses could be altered. However, recent evidence suggests that connectivity is also subject to change, termed neuroplasticity. There are two ways that the b...
Is racism due to society or biology? -Social/Psychology-	The three most common classifications of people are age, gender, and race. Evolutionary psychologists have provided some evolutionary reasons for thinking that the first two ways of classifying are more "innate" but that race is not. This is because in what evolutionary psychologists call "The Environment of Evolutiona...	[ "Despite support for evolutionary theories relating to an innate origin of racism, various studies have suggested racism is associated with lower intelligence and less diverse peer groups during childhood. A neuroimaging study on amygdala activity during racial matching activities found increased activity to be ass...
What is used as nutrition to cultivated cell meat? And how much antibiotics is used?	You can avoid antibiotics, but most tissue culture uses some. It is really difficult to do industry-sized cell culture without antibiotics. Also, they use fetal bovine serum as a nutrient, which is essentially baby cow blood, so it isn’t vegan and isn’t very sustainable at this point. Maybe someday they can avoid this...	[ "The basic nutrients required are crude protein, metabolizable energy, minerals, vitamins and water. The formulation procedure has both fixed and variable portions. Swine rations are generally based on a ground cereal grain as a carbohydrate source, soybean meal as a protein source, minerals like calcium and phosph...
why do some sites require credit card ccv numbers, and others (like amazon) do not?	The CVV2 number isn't required to charge the card, but it reduces the risk of fraud. If the transaction is fraudulent, the merchant might end up having to pay fees or fines to their payment processor, so merchants have an incentive to check CVV2s. But if they don't want to and are willing to risk more chargebacks, th...	[ "The AVS system was meant to legally protect the companies from laws against disseminating pornography to minors, as the credit card was used to verify that the user attempting to access a particular website was of legal age to view the website's content. Users could sign up with their credit cards to access affili...
Why are the Planck Length, Time and Temperature so unbelievably minuscule or enormous while the Planck Mass is close to being on our scale, being the mass of a flea's egg or an eyelash?	That's an interesting misconception that seems to be rather common. Not everything with the name "Planck" behind is unbelievably small. We physicists are lazy, and we don't like keep tracking of dimensions, so we use a system of units in which there is only one to measure things: in length and inverse length. (or in...	[ "The Planck time is the unique combination of the gravitational constant , the special-relativistic constant , and the quantum constant , to produce a constant with dimension of time. Because the Planck time comes from dimensional analysis, which ignores constant factors, there is no reason to believe that exactly ...
AM modulation - What are sidebands?	Sidebands are just your actual signal, before modulation. They are the exact identical signal to what you transmited, represented in frequency domain obviously, just located in a new spot. Say we have sound, music or voice. It will have frequencies, tones, anywhere from about 20 Hz to 20 kHz. At any given instance i...	[ "In radio communications, a sideband is a band of frequencies higher than or lower than the carrier frequency, that are the result of the modulation process. The sidebands carry the information transmitted by the radio signal. The sidebands consist of all the spectral components of the modulated signal except the c...
how do viral test kits work?	A technique called qPCR. You use an enzyme called Reverse transcriptase to convert viral RNA into DNA. Then followed by another enzyme called DNA polymerase to clone it multiple times. Mix that with fluorescent DNA primers (short glowing chunks) that are used by the enzyme to build the target DNA, and you can count ho...	[ "Antibody testing has become widely available. It can be done for individual viruses (e.g. using an ELISA assay) but inautomated panels that can screen for many viruses at once are becoming increasingly common.\n", "Various viral load tests might be used. One way to classify tests is by whether it is a nucleic ac...
how did ancient people find/define constellations when there was no light pollution?	The pictures you see are long exposure photos, which don't accurately represent what you see when you look at the night sky without any light pollution. [This photo](_URL_0_) much more accurately represents what you see with your own eyes than [this photo](_URL_1_). As you can see, it's very easy to discern specific st...	[ "There are no markings on the night sky, though there exist many sky maps to aid stargazers in identifying constellations and other celestial objects. Constellations are prominent because their stars tend to be brighter than other nearby stars in the sky. Different cultures have created different groupings of const...
are vegetables alive?	Yes they are alive. The carrot you have in your refrigerator may not sprout given the best care possible. The top was taken off. It was washed repeatedly, and is at the end of its life cycle. The sweet potato I bought last Thanksgiving and left on the counter sprouted a week ago. I threw it out today. It was probably ...	[ "Many cultures have developed innovative ways of preserving vegetables so that they can be stored for several months between harvest seasons. Techniques include pickling, home canning, food dehydration, or storage in a root cellar.\n", "The ability of some vegetables and fruit to keep for months in favorable cell...
why do i always wake up from a dream immediately before i suffer some kind of fatal physical harm (ex. someone shoots me, stabs me, hits me etc.)	It's because your brain is reacting to the fear of the situation. It's like "Oh! Bad situation. Done!" so you wake up. Your mind doesn't want to go through that, and you've never experienced it, so you also don't know how to react. :)	[ "BULLET::::- \"I'm starting to think that I'm dead. \| Doesn't it make sense that death too would be wrapped in dream? That after death, your conscious life would continue in what might be called a dream body? It would be the same dream body you experience in your everyday dream life. Except that in the post-mortal ...
Do we have any evidence that the Azores were inhabited by humans at any point prior to their discovery by the Portuguese?	We might! It's very possible that sharp-eyed observers could have gained clues that the Azores were out there long before their official discovery; many migratory bird species stop there, and anyone watching birds moving northeast from the Azores could have deduced they were coming from islands to the southwest. Th...	[ "This is a list of the mammal species recorded in the Azores Islands, Portugal. Except for marine mammals and two species of bats, the Azores were completely devoid of mammals prior to their discovery in the early 15th century. All other mammals in the islands are therefore introduced species.\n", "One (unproven)...
If a mosquito bites my eye, would it be able to suck up any blood? Would it itch?	This is a great question (because there may not be a complete answer)! . First, an aside: When using PubMed to search for another unpleasant insect-eye interaction > [bee sting, eye](_URL_3_) There are quite a few results... case studies of bees stinging people's cornea (the transparent part of the globe of the ey...	[ "When mosquitoes bite a person, they do not inject the blood of a previous victim into the person they bite next. Mosquitoes do, however, inject their saliva into their victims, which may carry diseases such as dengue fever, malaria, yellow fever, or West Nile virus and can infect a bitten person with these disease...
How does deionized water stay deionized?	Deionized water still autodisassociates just like all other water. The 'deionized' part refers to the fact that the protons and hydroxides are (nominally) the only ions in solution. A deionizer works by passing normal water (from the tap, usually) through a series of filters and ion exchangers. All of the cations in...	[ "Deionized water (\"DI water\", \"DIW\" or \"de-ionized water\"), often synonymous with \"demineralized water / DM water\", is water that has had almost all of its mineral ions removed, such as cations like sodium, calcium, iron, and copper, and anions such as chloride and sulfate. Deionization is a chemical proces...
Did any of the ancient civilizations know they were one of the first human civilizations or have any understanding of the significance of that?	In the case of ancient Egypt, the answer is yes. Their mythology and history expressly stated that they were the first civilization. They believed that the universe was created on a "mound of creation" (as it's called by Egyptologists), which rose out of the receding flood waters of the Nile. There are various versions...	[ "The first known civilization were the Subarian-Hurrians who were then succeeded in 3000 BCE by the Hurrians. The Elamites gained control around 2230 BCE and were followed by the Babylonians, Hittites, Assyrians, Romans and Byzantines.\n", "The earliest prehistoric culture have roots in the mesolithic sites as ev...
how can we show child sexuality in movies, books, and other media formats, but not in pornography?	> In movies, like The Virgin Suicides and White Oleander, we're allowed to hear about children having sex. We even see a fourteen-year-old girl (in TVS), played by a minor, "grab" a boy. And none of that is pornography. It's not sexually exploiting children. > Books can get even more explicit. Because they're fic...	[ "Child pornography under federal law is defined as any visual depiction of sexually explicit conduct involving a minor (someone under 18 years of age). Visual depictions include photographs, videos, digital or computer generated images indistinguishable from an actual minor, and images created, adapted, or modified...
Has a wholly or mainly guerrilla opposition ever driven out a large conventional force, without the aid of another country?	There might be a few anti-colonial conflicts worth looking at here. The FNLA in Algeria didn't (AFAIK) receive any substantive aid from other countries, nor did the major revolutionary movements in Rhodesia/Zimbabwe. I'm pretty sure FRELIMO in Mozambique drove out the Portuguese without assistance, whilst the MPLA in...	[ "There are many unsuccessful examples of guerrilla warfare against local or native regimes. These include Portuguese Africa (Angola, Mozambique and Guinea-Bissau), Malaysia (then Malaya) during the Malayan Emergency, Bolivia, Argentina, and the Philippines. It was even able to use these tactics effectively against ...
is sleeping in a fetal position (curled-up back) as bad for your posture as slouching for 8 hrs a day?	I would assume that it is not as bad simply because you don't have the same downward pressure on the arch when you are lying down as when you are slouching in a seated position. That said, it probably isn't great for your posture to sleep in a fetal position (I do the same thing, and slouch, and have horrible posture...	[ "A study by Professor Chris Idzikowski, director of the Sleep Assessment and Advisory Service found that people who consistently sleep in the fetal position tend to have a shy and sensitive personality.\n", "BULLET::::- Encouraging prone playtime (tummy time). Although the Back to Sleep campaign promotes infants ...
Good Holocaust books dealing with holocaust denial?	Michael Shermer and Alex Grobman's Denying History: Who Says the Holocaust Never Happened and Why Do They Say It? is a survey of deniers. Good luck engaging Deniers though, it's equivalent to yelling at a brick wall. Denialism thrives off of ahistorical arguments and although many deniers style themselves as histor...	[ "Holocaust denial is also considered an antisemitic conspiracy theory because of its position that the Holocaust is a hoax designed to advance the interests of Jews and justify the creation of the State of Israel. Notable Holocaust deniers include former Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmedinejad, the convicted chemist ...
why are people hiding ebola victims?	A person you've never met before, dressed in a spacesuit, walks into your home and tells you that your sick child must go with them. You have to walk miles to the hospital where they've taken her. They tell you she died. They won't let you see her. They won't let you have a funeral. They bury her in a plastic bag. An...	[ "African conservation refugees, some sources numbering them somewhere around 14 million, have long been displaced due to transnational efforts to preserve select areas of biota that are believed to be critical from a historical and environmental perspective. What purpose do protected areas serve and why are they es...
what are the main differences between hydraulics and pneumatics?	Air can move far more quickly than hydraulics. If you want something to move fast, air is the answer. Air is also compressible, if you want shock absorption (like air ride suspension in cars and trucks), again, air is the answer. Hydraulics use an oil instead of air, but the way they work is almost identical. Hydraul...	[ "Both pneumatics and hydraulics are applications of fluid power. Pneumatics uses an easily compressible gas such as air or a suitable pure gas—while hydraulics uses relatively incompressible liquid media such as oil. Most industrial pneumatic applications use pressures of about . Hydraulics applications commonly us...
why are non-real ids still available in the us?	State governments just refusing to implement the new documentation requirements in a timely manner. Plus the process also involves some individuals having to physically visit an office to present documents before their current IDs expire.	[ "On December 17, 2018, H.R. 3398 amended the Real ID Act of 2005 to clarify that a citizen of the Freely Associated States (FAS) when admitted in the US on a non-immigrant basis is eligible for a driver's license or ID card. This was in order to resolve an outdated term in the original REAL ID Act. The Freely Assoc...
What was the average number of children a Christian family had around 0 - 100 A.D.?	This is an interesting, but extremely difficult question to answer. The reason for this is that the question transcends more than just a religious group. We have evidence that by 50 to 60 AD, Christianity had spread (although it was incredibly small at this time) to cities all over the Levant, ancient Greece and all ...	[ "Various statistics of population were published during the year. Among other significant features, it was stated that the number of children under five years of age, in the whole of the territories of the former Hohenzollern empire, had sunk from 8,000,000 in 1911 to 5,000,000 in 1919.\n", "By 2050, the Christia...
Is it possible to create a sonic boom by waving a stick really fast?	Actually, I wouldn't be surprised if this was totally possible. In fact, this is basically the mechanism for making a whip crack - it's just a sonic boom - [these guys have a good high speed video and discuss the exact physics at play in a whip](_URL_0_).	[ "A sonic boom does not occur only at the moment an object crosses the speed of sound; and neither is it heard in all directions emanating from the speeding object. Rather the boom is a continuous effect that occurs while the object is travelling at supersonic speeds. But it affects only observers that are positione...
Did the early-modern developers of the physical/chemical atomic theory explicitly credit ancient philosophical Atomism?	By the late-18th/early-19th century the idea of Atomism had been hashed over for literally centuries. They weren't going back to the Ancients at that point. Dalton's own discussions of Atomism were rooted more in the work of Newton (who made various corpuscular assumptions in his work) than they were in Democritus or E...	[ "A basic chemical hypothesis first emerged in Classical Greece with the theory of four elements as propounded definitively by Aristotle stating that fire, air, earth and water were the fundamental elements from which everything is formed as a combination. Greek atomism dates back to 440 BC, arising in works by phil...
Why didn't slaves in ancient times just run away? and how were they distinguished from free men?	First off, many slaves in the ancient world did run away and the possibility was always there. There were also numerous large-scale slave revolts, most famously the one led by Spartacus that had to be put down by a Roman army. To prevent mass escapes, Roman slave owners used either the carrot or the stick. Brandin...	[ "In Ancient Egypt, slaves were mainly obtained through prisoners of war. Other ways people could become slaves was by inheriting the status from their parents. One could also become a slave on account of his inability to pay his debts. Slavery was the direct result of poverty. People also sold themselves into slave...
how did obamacre kill jobs, if it really did?	I believe that arguments comes from one of the articles of the bill that requires employers that have a staff of certain size must provide insurance for their employees. If an employer might have trouble affording this cost, they might have to lay off workers or cut back hours in order to compensate. Of course, the co...	[ "A Zogby International August 2004 poll found that 71% of American voters believed \"outsourcing jobs overseas\" hurt the economy while another 62% believed that the U.S. government should impose some legislative action against these companies, possibly in the form of increased taxes. President Obama promoted the '...
How will Climate Change affect the the level of the Caspian Sea?	The Caspian Sea is in it's own drainage basin (also known as a [endorheic basin](_URL_1_)) so it is isolated from the rest of the worlds' oceans. As global sea levels rise, they won't directly effect the Caspian since it is not connected. The water levels in the Caspian vary based on the balance of rainfall and evapor...	[ "Climate change is likely to have an effect on the country's biodiversity, with the treeline moving further north and to higher altitudes, and forests replacing tundra. The melting of ice will increase runoff, affecting wetlands. With a rise in sea level, the Baltic Sea will receive greater inflow of saline water.\...
how does type i diabetes develop so quickly in a seemingly healthy person, and how does this differ to the development of type ii?	Type 1A diabetes is an autoimmune disorder. It occurs when you have a genetic predisposition for the condition and then something triggers the onset (most likely suspect is a virus). So you can have the genetic predisposition but never be exposed to the triggering event, and therefore never develop the condition. Gen...	[ "Type 1 diabetes can occur at any age, and a significant proportion is diagnosed during adulthood. Latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA) is the diagnostic term applied when type 1 diabetes develops in adults; it has a slower onset than the same condition in children. Given this difference, some use the unoffi...
What did Germany hope to achieve strategically with the invasion of Russia in WWII and how was this war sold to the public?	Initially, one of the main reasons for the German invasion of Russia was food. The Nazi regime wanted to Germany to be able to support itself agriculturally, without having to rely on imports from the Soviet Union. The German administration had perceived the vast plains of Ukraine and southern Russia as the perfect sol...	[ "The plans were never fulfilled as the German military's plans to capture Moscow and central Russia in the Operation Typhoon failed. The transfer of conquered territories to Nazi civilian rule was therefore never completed.\n", "exploitation of conquered countries for the material benefit of Germany. Partial real...
what are neural networks? specifically rnns.	The little league team you coach just won the big game, and you ask them if they want to go out for pizza or for burgers. Each kid starts screaming their preference, and you go with whatever was the loudest. This is basically how a neural net works but on multiple levels. The top-level nodes get some input, each det...	[ "A recurrent neural network (RNN) is a class of artificial neural networks where connections between nodes form a directed graph along a temporal sequence. This allows it to exhibit temporal dynamic behavior. Unlike feedforward neural networks, RNNs can use their internal state (memory) to process sequences of inpu...
Why has Linear B been deciphered but not Linear A?	You must understand both the writing system and the language(s) in order to claim a decipherment. Most successful decipherments are based on bilingual or trilingual inscriptions (e.g. cuneiform, Egyptian hieroglyphs, and the Cypriot Syllabary) or knowledge of the underlying language(s) (e.g. Linear B and Maya hieroglyp...	[ "In the 1950s, Linear B was largely deciphered by Michael Ventris and found to encode an early form of Greek. Although the two systems share many symbols, this did not lead to a subsequent decipherment of Linear A. Using the values associated with Linear B in Linear A mainly produces unintelligible words. If Linear...
In medieval Europe, how common would it have been for non-nobility to own weapons or have access to them?	'Middle Ages' are generally understood as a period of almost 1000 years, so the subject is quite complex. In the following entry I'll limit myself to High and Late Middle Ages, focusing on Germany, Poland and England. In general, weapon ownership was quite common. There were no rules preventing anyone from possessing ...	[ "In later centuries, a nobleman of the sword was not recognized as such unless his family had held this status for at least four generations. The Nobles of the Sword also provided non-military services to the king, holding positions in all branches of government. \n", "Swords were very costly to make, and a sign ...
how do people spend billions of dollars on water?	That is incredibly cheap, $4 for a whole year of clean water. How could it be cheaper? The costs are mainly for digging wells and installing pumps -- and then filters if the water isn't clean. If you don't mind your water dirty and 50 feet underground, can have it for free.	[ "It has been estimated that between 1975 and 2000 a total of more than US$100bn has been invested in water supply and sanitation, and that a further US$130bn will be needed between 2002 and 2022, corresponding to US$6.5 billion per year or more than US$200 per capita and year. This level of investment in water per ...
why do people who are going to be executed not put up a fight when they know they are going to die either way?	By the same logic, why would you fight? It's not going to change the outcome. Might as well make your own death quick and painless instead of making it a struggle by fighting.	[ "Despite the fact that the weapons are deadly, fights are rarely fatal. Combat ceases when one man is obviously defeated, either because he cannot defend himself or because he has left the circle, voluntarily or otherwise.\n", "To fight on because there was no other choice, even if winning was not possible, then ...
Did dinosaurs actually roar or is it just a construct of movies to make them scarier?	You're on the right track in looking at living species to infer what extinct dinosaurs may have sounded like. We can explore traits that wouldn't preserve in the fossil record using [phylogenetic bracketing](_URL_12_). However, you're off on which species to look at. Basically, we look at related animals on [either si...	[ "In 2016 she speculated that based on her research she felt it was unlikely that dinosaurs roared. She proposed that it was much more likely that they made noises that were similar to those made by a modern pigeon.\n", "The dinosaurs' behavior was based on behavior that was featured in the film. Dinosaurs that we...
why is it socially acceptable to make as much noise as possible while riding a motorcycle?	It's not generally acceptable, if a bike is loud it's because the owner made it that way. Some m/c groups like to think its a safety device, but in reality it's because they think it sounds cool.	[ "Because the fairing is attached to the vehicle via the front axle, it is prone to clunky vibrations at low speeds and on turbulent surfaces. The nature and position of the motor produce a constant, loud mechanical sound much like a motorcycle. The weight limit for the vehicle, including the driver and all carried ...
how does renting a property with option to buy work? does your rent go towards the down payment?	Usually these are case by case basis, whatever the renter/buyer and the landlord/seller agree to, there must be some legal contract with the terms spelled out and everybody signs or somebody is going to get screwed and it will probably be the renter. Normally it is the case though.	[ "Renting, also known as hiring or letting, is an agreement where a payment is made for the temporary use of a good, service or property owned by another. A gross lease is when the tenant pays a flat rental amount and the landlord pays for all property charges regularly incurred by the ownership. An example of renti...
why do some speakers have "mini" speakers around the large ones?	Loudspeakers (the whole box) often have several drivers in them...which are those parts that vibrate and make sound. The larger ones are called woofers and are used for low-range sounds, while the small ("mini') are called tweeters and are used to make the higher frequency sounds. Inside the loudspeaker there i...	[ "While a large loudspeaker is naturally more directional because of its large size, a source with equivalent directivity can be made by utilizing an array of traditional small loudspeakers, all driven together in-phase. Acoustically equal to a large speaker, this creates a larger source size compared to wavelength,...
how do electronics spin in full circles without getting their wires tangled? (example in text)	The rotating portion receives electricity through a device like a "rotary electrical connector" or a "brush slip ring". They allow current to pass through two concentric rings, one inside the other, separated by an insulator, and depending on how fast it's intended to rotate, possibly sealed and lubricated.	[ "Twist-on wire connectors are available in a variety of sizes and shapes. While their exterior covering is typically made from insulating plastic, their means of connection is a tapered coiled metal insert, which threads onto the wires and holds them securely. When such a connector is twisted onto the stripped and ...
whats going on with the racial motivated rape gangs going on in europe?	Im guessing you mean Rotherham (UK), not Rotterdam. At least that's what it says in the article you linked. The stories are still floating about, but the main bulk of the interest from the public is more relating to how the police and child protective services made systematic failures, many resulting from not wanting t...	[ "The number of assault gang rapes were significantly higher in periods prior to 2015 and the European migrant crisis, with the exception of 2016 where the New Year's Eve sexual assaults in Germany nearly doubled the number of cases. In 2017 there were 122 cases, the fewest since the German reunification in 1990. Th...
how to move out of my parents house (aka. downpayments, interest rates, credit)	Unless you are in no hurry and already have a lucrative job you expect to keep for many years, I would not try to buy a place just to leave your parents house. Save up a few months worth of income and then rent something. If you rent small, close to work/school, avoid car ownership, and always - every month - spend l...	[ "How to Live with Your Parents (For the Rest of Your Life) is an American single-camera sitcom created by Claudia Lonow that aired on ABC from April 3 to June 26, 2013. The series was produced by 20th Century Fox Television and stars Sarah Chalke as Polly who—along with her daughter—ends up moving into her parents'...
Given that many insects are attracted to light sources at night, do spiders take advantage of this?	There are a few species of bat which have learned that a lot of insects can be found near light sources at night. The few species in Europe that have learned this behaviour are quite light-tolerant though, other bat species actively avoid light. So it might be possible that some spiders are more likely to build webs ne...	[ "The attraction of insects to artificial light is one of the most well known examples of the effect of light at night on organisms. When insects are attracted to lamps they can be killed by exhaustion or contact with the lamp itself, and they are also vulnerable to predators like bats.\n", "The reason insects and...
Why are there so many companies getting hacked?	Major companies operate networks that are absolutely massive. It's simply not possible for them to operate them in a way that is impervious to attack. Anyone who tells you they can operate such a network is lying. With computer systems it isn't a matter of if they will be hacked but of when. Moreover operating ...	[ "The group has hacked many websites and applications using a series of different attacks. The most notable, however, being SQL injection. There have been a lot of companies affected by the group, but some of the hacks even for big companies did not make the media (probably due to keeping the multi-country legal inv...
why when you get sunburned you get sleepy/tired?	Sunburns usually come with dehydration as well. Mix dehydration and your body trying to repair a sizable chunk of skin, its quite draining.	[ "Due to symptoms of low mood and energy, individuals with depression may be likely to have behaviors that are counter to good sleep hygiene, such as taking naps during the day, consuming alcohol near bedtime, and consuming large amounts of caffeine during the day. In addition to sleep hygiene education, bright ligh...
english bill of rights	The Bill of Rights is to do with establishing England (and later Great Britain and then the UK) as a constitutional monarchy, and formally sets out the relationship between monarch and parliament: It states that Parliament is the ultimate decision-making and law-making body in the land. Parliament makes rules in the n...	[ "The Bill of Rights, also known as the English Bill of Rights, is an Act of the Parliament of England that sets out certain basic civil rights and clarifies who would be next to inherit the Crown. It received the Royal Assent on 16 December 1689 and is a restatement in statutory form of the Declaration of Right pre...
Great ape crossbreeding... possible?	A lot more goes into interbreeding than simply chromosome number; species with different chromosome counts can interbreed, though often the offspring are not viable or, when they are, tend to be sterile. In the case of orangutan and chimpanzee or gorilla, you must keep in mind that these are species which have been se...	[ "Polyembryony is a widespread form of asexual reproduction in animals, whereby the fertilized egg or a later stage of embryonic development splits to form genetically identical clones. Within animals, this phenomenon has been best studied in the parasitic Hymenoptera. In the 9-banded armadillos, this process is obl...
why can't enemy combatants on the ground hear apache helicopters (or whatever) before they strike?	If you look at when they fire that missile, there's about 2.5-3s between launch and impact. Wikipedia lists the speed of the [Hydra 70](_URL_0_) rocket as 2,300 feet per second. That puts the chopper over a mile away from the target - plenty of distance for the sound to die out. The camera footage you're looking at ...	[ "Apache \"Vampire 12\", flown by Warrant Officers David S. Williams and Ronald D. Young Jr., was forced down into a marsh after gunfire severed its hydraulics. Its radio was also hit, preventing communication with the other helicopters. Attempting to flee the crash scene, both men swam down a canal, but were captur...
the psychology of a troll (serious)	It's really the basest way to get acknowledgement on the internet. Whenever you write a well thought out response, you're putting yourself out there to be ridiculed. You put in your ideas, your insight, maybe take the time to reread and edit, and then post; for all that, someone can easily just say "nope" and downvot...	[ "Recent studies have found that people who are identified as trolls tend to have dark personality traits and show signs of sadism, antisocial behavior, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism. The 2013 case study suggested that there are a number of similarities between anti-social and flame trolling activities and the 2...
why is it that illegal aliens are routinely arrested and deported but legal action is rarely if ever taken agains those that employ illegal aliens?	So since this is already heading into THEY STEALING ER JERBS territory lets break it down. pretty much every company in the USA pays at least minimum wage and auto deduct taxes. That's a whole lot of liability coverage since good luck proving they knew the person was undocumented. Also they probably actually don't kn...	[ "According to a number of legal experts, INS has taken the view that it can detain aliens for preventive rather than punitive purposes. These experts state INS has no authority to conduct a punitive detention, which is only authorized by criminal statutes. Civil libertarians have noted that over 2,000 aliens have b...
How does something as large as a city affect the crust/mantle below it? Could a city become so large and heavy that it would collapse or compress the earth underneath?	I'll try to make this as clear as possible. Firstly, your answer is no (at least with respect to the crust/mantle). As far as compress the earth underneath, speaking in purely scientific terms, any weight will compress the earth underneath, whether it is 100,000 lbs or 1 oz. The degree of compression is what you ar...	[ "Lost City is a location dominated by steep cliffs to the south, chimneys, and mounds of carbonate material deposited from chimneys that collapse as they age. Breccia, gabbros, and peridotites are dominating rock types as one maneuvers away from the field, which are prone to mass-wasting as bathymetry steepens. Mas...
Is time exactly symmetrical? If we were to rewind it would it play back as the reverse of it playing forwards?	Time reversal is not a complete symmetry of our universe. We know this, because we can observe T-violation in experiments. We know that the weak force violates CP, and if CPT is a good symmetry, that implies violations of T as well. We can see T-reversal in the shapes of atomic nuclei. There are nuclei which have elect...	[ "The symmetry of time (T-symmetry) can be understood simply as the following: if time were perfectly symmetrical, a video of real events would seem realistic whether played forwards or backwards. Gravity, for example, is a time-reversible force. A ball that is tossed up, slows to a stop, and falls is a case where r...
What are some modern social concepts that would be completely alien to a person living during the time of you expertise?	It's not just homosexuality - heterosexuality and bisexuality as modern Western society understands it would also be a strange idea to a person of that time depending on the nation-state they hailed from. (Greek sexuality is a little early for me but my understanding is that the erastes/eromenos relationship, which I...	[ "Social life in the 21st century includes a wide array of personal connections, not just intimates—people associated with a particular part of one’s life and daily activities, such as co-workers, neighbors, gym buddies, fellow volunteers and congregants, and providers of goods and services. Typically, peripheral ti...
WW2: What do these patches mean?	The circular patches with the "A" are the insignia of the US 3rd Army, which in WW2 was under the command of Gen. George S. Patton. The triangular tricolour patches are the insignia of the US 16th Armoured Division. If you look closely, the embroidery below the 16 shows a tank track. The 16th Armoured was established i...	[ "The World War I patch consisted of a dark blue disc bordered red having upon it a steel gray triangle (the Greek Delta symbol). The area within the triangle was divided into four equilateral triangles, with the lower left red, the top white, the lower right blue, and the central triangle the same dark blue as the ...
how withdrawl from drugs causes severe illness? sometimes death?	The worst withdrawal symptoms seem to be from drugs that are sedating: narcotics, alcohol and benzodiazepines. These types of drugs tend to alter the amount of signaling via various neurotransmitters and their receptors. When one receptor is constantly activated by a drug then it will often be "down regulated" to t...	[ "Drug abuse, including alcohol and prescription drugs, can induce symptomatology which resembles mental illness. This can occur both in the intoxicated state and also during the withdrawal state. In some cases these substance induced psychiatric disorders can persist long after detoxification, such as prolonged psy...
About the fancy uniforms we see in war paintings.	Artists who do not travel with armies or have the chance to see one in a situation other than a parade may improperly display soldiers in battle. For example, many artists during the american civil war will draw every soldier with their knapsack (backpack) on and sometimes wearing gaiters, purely because thats what the...	[ "Portrait of a Commander or A Commander Being Dressed for Battle is a portrait of an unknown man in plate armour, normally attributed to Peter Paul Rubens. In July 2010 it was sold for £9 million by Christie's after Sotheby's turned it down, suspecting its authenticity as a Rubens. In December 2011, the portrait wa...
why is the triple crown in horse racing so rare?	Because they allow a horse that hasn't raced in the Kentucky Derby and Preakness, to compete in the Belmont and stop a horse that has raced all three from winning. Stupid ass rules.	[ "Unlike the Grand Slam, the Triple Crown winners are not necessarily the tournament winners, since France or Italy – or even another of the home nations – could outperform them within the Championship as a whole. To date, the Triple Crown winners who failed to win the Championship are Wales in 1977, England in 1997...
Why does Patton seem to be disliked by most of the commanders of his day, yet a prominent figure by the enemy?	I think you have to remember that Patton, for all his considerable skill, could be a thoroughly infuriating figure. Arrogant, rash, abrasive, impatient, and often intolerant of anything less than an almost reckless abandon for action the best that can be said about him is that he won, and that's probably all he or Eise...	[ "Patton's colorful image, hard-driving personality and success as a commander were at times overshadowed by his controversial public statements. His philosophy of leading from the front and ability to inspire troops with attention-getting, vulgarity-ridden speeches, such as a famous address to the Third Army, met w...
If someone spoke gibberish to babies would the babies mistake it for real language?	It would have to be consistent in order to learn, and if it were then it would just be another language (even if it was made up).	[ "In the language deprivation experiment young infants were raised without human interaction in an attempt to determine if there was a natural language that they might demonstrate once their voices matured. It is claimed he was seeking to discover what language would have been imparted unto Adam and Eve by God. In h...
How did Genghis Khan's father die, specifically?	Yesugai the Brave, by various accounts, was poisoned at a meal on the steppes, by Tatars who by custom owed even an enemy hospitality. We do not know if it was actually poison. This could have been a simple bacterial infection. However, actual poisons were available, such as from poisonous mushrooms. Fecal matter ...	[ "Genghis Khan died on 18 August 1227, by which time the Mongol Empire ruled from the Pacific Ocean to the Caspian Sea, an empire twice the size of the Roman Empire or the Muslim Caliphate at their height. Genghis named his third son, the charismatic Ögedei, as his heir. According to Mongol tradition, Genghis Khan w...
unix vs macosx/windows/linux	Unix is an old OS developed by Bell Labs in the 70s. Since it was copyrighted, there have been many clones that have since grown and branched off. Linux is a notable example, BSD is another one which in turn is what OS X is based off of. These are called Unix-Like operating systems. Windows is something totally differe...	[ "Linux as a gaming platform can also refer to operating systems based on the Linux kernel and specifically designed for the \"sole purpose\" of gaming. Examples are SteamOS, which is an operating system for Steam Machines and computers, video game consoles built from components found in the classical home computer,...
what are the historical reasons for which english cuisine is usually regarded as "bad" whereas french cuisine is usually regarded as "good"? (at least i think this is how we see it in the us...	They were culturally different. Also under Napoleonic rule, France controlled almost all of continental Europe (but obviously not Britain) which allowed French chefs to experiment with ingredients from all around the continent. The short answer is simply that French chefs had the ingredients available and the cultur...	[ "In general, France is regarded with favour by Britain in regard to its high culture and is seen as an ideal holiday destination, whilst France sees Britain as a major trading partner. Both countries are famously contemptuous of each other's cooking, many French claiming all British food is bland and boring, whilst...
why does my bottom lip get dry and chapped, while my top lip always remains smooth?	I think because when you smile, your upper lip remains straight but wider while your lower lip gets wider and bends down, effectively becoming longer than your upper lip, i.e.: stretching more than your upper lip.	[ "Gloss paint sprayed on a smooth surface (such as the body of a car) should also dry into a smooth surface. However, various factors can cause it to dry into a bumpy surface resembling the texture of an orange peel. The orange peel phenomenon can then be smoothed out with ultra-fine sandpaper, but it can be prevent...
why can’t pc hardware run mac os but mac can run windows?	They can, it's just that apple doesn't permit OSX to be run on unauthorized hardware, and the lack of included drivers for anything but authorized hardware can be a huge challenge to overcome.	[ "Aside from Apple-branded hardware that is still maintained and operated, Mac OS 9 can be operated in other environments such as Windows and Unix. For example, the aforementioned SheepShaver software was not designed for use on x86 platforms and required an actual PowerPC processor present in the machine it was run...
why do different numbers of protons/neutrons/electrons cause such drastic differences in the elements of the periodic table?	You can think of them as chemical properties and atomic properties. ~Chemical properties are mostly caused by the outer most ring of electrons (valence) orbiting the nucleus. You see electrons are lonely little guys and they like to be with other electrons, exactly 8 to be specific. If they can find a way to hook up ...	[ "Yet another effect of the instability of an odd number of either type of nucleons is that odd-numbered elements tend to have fewer stable isotopes. Of the 26 monoisotopic elements (those with only a single stable isotope), all but one have an odd atomic number, and all but one has an even number of neutrons — the ...
how does the definition of "species" work in single cell organisms?	Traditionally, bacteria were classified by characteristics of theirs that were observed in a lab. For example, the most fundamental division of bacteria is between bacteria that are stained by a Gram stain and those that aren't. (This corresponds to important differences in their cell wall and membrane.) Looking at ot...	[ "In biology, a species () is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual ...
Has anything in the bible been proven to be historically wrong?	Where does one begin? To give a very brief summary of the kind of thing you're asking about: * The world was not created in 4,000 BC. * There was no global flood in the 25th century BC. * The world did not speak one language and all live in the city of Babel (Babylon) in the 23rd century BC. * The biblical patriarchs...	[ "Some scholars also believe that antinomianism, the belief that all was allowed because there were no laws, was believed by a faction in the early Christian community. In this verse the Gospel of Matthew directly counters these views by insisting the \"old laws\" such as the Ten Commandments are still valid. France...
What causes the liquid in a full spray bottle to siphon out entirely?	Based on what information you provided, I would say that the cause would have been a temperature fluctuation paired with a faulty nozzle. As gases heat up, they expand, and when they cool, they contract. Even minor temperature changes (5°-10°C) are enough to make a noticeable difference in volume. So as the air insi...	[ "The difference between the reduced pressure at the top of the tube and the higher atmospheric pressure inside the bottle pushes the liquid from the reservoir up the tube and into the moving stream of air where it is broken up into small droplets (not atoms as the name suggests) and carried away with the stream of ...
why do our bowels release when we are scared?	Bowel contents are not required in an emergency.	[ "When prey are able to avoid predators, however, prey will sprint away and \"literally shake off the residual effects of the immobility response\" while \"their bodies convulse with paroxysmal spasms\". There is no evidence for Levine's conclusions about the prey's responses or Nancy's response to their session. Ob...
the difference between libertarian economics and anarcho-capitalism.	Libertarians believe that a government should exist that supports property rights (e.g law enforcement (police), courts, etc) whereas, Anarcho-Capitalists believe that there does not have to be a government to protect property rights as everything associated with them (law enforcement, courts, etc) would exist without ...	[ "Left-wing market anarchism identifies with left-libertarianism (or left-wing libertarianism) which names several related but distinct approaches to politics, society, culture and political and social theory, which stress both individual freedom and social justice. Unlike right-libertarians, they believe that neith...
when a multi-billion dollar transaction occurs between two companies, how are the funds transferred/managed?	Typically by Wire Transfer. Wire Transfers, unlike checks or regular electronic bank payments (known as ACH transactions in the US), are irrevocable once final -- even in the case of fraud. (That is, if someone authorized to make a wire transfer makes one, even if defrauded or illegally embezzling funds, the accoun...	[ "The following example shows a classic transfer of funds transaction, where money is removed from one account and added to another. If either the removal or the addition fails, the entire transaction is rolled back.\n", "Payment by cash. Such transactions are usually termed acquisitions rather than mergers becaus...
why won't youtube fix the issue of saving the video quality even though it's the number one complaint they get?	You mean when you start a new video? It's becomes HD every time I enter full screen.	[ "Since April 2016, videos continue to be monetized while the dispute is in progress, and the money goes to whoever won the dispute. Should the uploader want to monetize the video again, they may remove the disputed audio in the \"Video Manager\". YouTube has cited the effectiveness of Content ID as one of the reaso...
i know the 2 major parties don't want 3rd party candidates in presidential debates unless polling is at 15%, but why does the media let the parties control who is invited to these debates?	"The media" is not invovled. The debates are held by the Commission on Presidential debates. Which is run bipartisanly by republicans and democrats. Commission sets the rules and the parties agree. The media just covers the debate.	[ "In the United States, if an interest group is at odds with its traditional party, it has the option of running sympathetic candidates in primaries. If the candidate fails in the primary and believes he or she has a chance to win in the general election he or she may form or join a third party. Because of the diffi...
why the english speaking nations are more successful than any other linguistic nationalities in history?	It's not English that does it. It's luck, mostly. Europe had the industrial revolution first. That gave it an unprecedented ability to conquer other lands, which many countries did. The Brittish Empire just so happened to be in the right place at the right time to spread its influence far and wide. Then came the Un...	[ "English is the current lingua franca of international business, education, science, technology, diplomacy, entertainment, radio, seafaring, and aviation. After World War II, it has gradually replaced French as the lingua franca of international diplomacy. The rise of English in diplomacy began in 1919, when the Tr...
when a company commits a gross violation that affects people (physically/mentally/financially, etc.), why is the company forced to pay the government, instead of the people they hurt?	Usually they'll have to pay both. Fines levyed by the state is not meant to replace money companies have to pay for the damages they cause a person. Let's say a company causes you to lose a leg because of negligence, they might be fined by the state if they broke the law, but in addition to that they have to pay you...	[ "This federal statute has many consequences. For example, a corporation is allowed to own property and enter contracts. It can also sue and be sued and held liable under both civil and criminal law. As well, because the corporation is legally considered the \"person\", individual shareholders are not legally respon...
what's the difference between killer bees and honey bees?	The "killer bee," AKA the Africanized honey bee, is a hybrid bee created from Western and European bee strains. For whatever reason (and I'm not a geneticist nor a beekeeper, so I don't know how this happened), the Africanized bee picked up a few nasty traits. They are excessively defensive of their hive, and will swa...	[ "BULLET::::- Killer bees were created in an attempt to breed tamer and more manageable bees. This was done by crossing a European honey bee and an African bee, but instead the offspring became more aggressive and highly defensive bees that had escaped into the wild.\n", "\"Killer bee\" is a term frequently used i...
How do scientists know the decay progression of Uranium-238 if it takes place over billions of years?	Because the rate is the same. You can observe it for any period of time and extrapolate that rate of decay across whatever unit of time, whether it's days, months, or billions of years. Even if you observe it for a normal human period of time, there's still a tiny tiny change, and if you measure accurately, the rate is...	[ "Since radioactive decay is exponential with a constant probability, each process could as easily be described with a different constant time period that (for example) gave its \"(1/3)-life\" (how long until only 1/3 is left) or \"(1/10)-life\" (a time period until only 10% is left), and so on. Thus, the choice of ...
Why was the Spanish colonisation of the Americas so brutal and destructive compared to their colonisation of the Philippines?	You have a mistaken impression about the Spanish conquest. I don't know much about the Mayans and others, but the Spanish didn't genocide the Aztecs, though in other cases, like with the Pueblo, there's certainly a case to be made for genocide. The reasons so many Aztecs died were primarily diseases. It's not really ...	[ "The United States claimed the territories of the Philippines after the Spanish–American War. The ethnic Moro (Muslim) population of the southern Philippines resisted both Spanish and United States colonization. The Spaniards were restricted to a handful of coastal garrisons or Forts and they made occasional puniti...
i love that t-mobile does this, but how is allowing unlimited data for music streaming not a violation of nn?	It is actually a violation of it. However, people aren't really fighting it because people like T-Mobile. Also, allowing unlimited music streaming scissor benefits people, so they like it.	[ "Since June 2014, U.S. mobile provider T-Mobile US has offered zero-rated access to participating music streaming services to its mobile internet customers. T-Mobile launched its plan called “Music Freedom” which would exempt users of T-Mobile from having to pay premium prices for access to music content; additiona...
how do they make boneless chicken breasts?	They take regular chicken breasts and take the bones out of them. There isn't any magic beyond that. They aren't growing boneless chickens out there.	[ "Some chicken breast cuts and processed chicken breast products include the moniker \"with rib meat\". This is a misnomer, as it refers to the small piece of white meat that overlays the scapula, removed along with the breast meat. The breast is cut from the chicken and sold as a solid cut, while the leftover breas...
how does amazon ec2 work?	Amazon EC2 is a service that allows you to rent servers and pay for what you use in an easy to use way. With the amazon ec2 you do not pay for a server by the month though, you pay for it by the hour. So let me create a scenario for you: Let's say you have a theory for the stock market that you want to test out. You'...	[ "Amazon S3 or Amazon Simple Storage Service is a service offered by Amazon Web Services (AWS) that provides object storage through a web service interface. Amazon S3 uses the same scalable storage infrastructure that Amazon.com uses to run its global e-commerce network.\n", "Amazon introduced SimpleDB, a database...
is human brain at it's limits? and are there other stages of human brain development that will lead to us getting smarter.	A helpful way to think about the brain is not as a something that reaches 'capacity'. Our brains are very efficient, so as we develop and grow we keep reinforcing the neural pathways that help us the most in life - i.e. how should I interpret someone shouting at me, or someone crying. If you grow up with a lot of expo...	[ "The development of the human brain, perception, cognition, memory and neuroplasticity are unsolved problems in neuroscience. Several megaprojects are being carried out in: American BRAIN Initiative, European Human Brain Project, China Brain Project, Blue Brain Project, Allen Brain Atlas, Human Connectome Project, ...
Does WiFi have any detrimental effects?	While it's prudent to repeat the experiment, there's nothing that is known so far (as in, reviewed and shown to be repeatable) that would indicate negative effects of Wi-Fi. The most serious detrimental effect of Wi-Fi is the rage it induces when the connection is too weak for whatever you're doing.	[ "The position of the United Kingdom's Health Protection Agency (HPA) is that “...radio frequency (RF) exposures from WiFi are likely to be lower than those from mobile phones.” It also saw “...no reason why schools and others should not use WiFi equipment.” In October 2007, the HPA launched a new “systematic” study...
why do governments, schools, and big businesses (mostly) always use hp printers?	So they? All I ever see is RICOH	[ "HP produces lines of printers, scanners, digital cameras, calculators, PDAs, servers, workstation computers, and computers for home and small-business use; many of the computers came from the 2002 merger with Compaq. HP promotes itself as supplying not just hardware and software, but also a full range of services ...
if shadows are the absence of light, why do you get different coloured shadows with different light sources?	A shadow is generally not the total absence of light. It is simply an area where there is less light because a light source has been blocked by something opaque.	[ "If there is more than one light source, there will be several shadows, with the overlapping parts darker, and various combinations of brightnesses or even colors. The more diffuse the lighting is, the softer and more indistinct the shadow outlines become, until they disappear. The lighting of an overcast sky produ...
Is the black hole of our galaxy, rotating around something else?	The galaxy rotates around itself. All the stars are being pulled by all the other stars, which tends to mean they are revolving around the center of mass - the barycenter. Sagittarius A\* happens to be at the center (well, near it), but the Sun doesn't orbit it. It isn't nearly massive enough.	[ "If the black hole is rotating, there is a second radius of influence associated with the rotation. This is the radius inside of which the Lense-Thirring torques from the black hole are larger than the Newtonian torques between stars. Inside the rotational influence sphere, stellar orbits precess at approximately t...
Could we send a spacecraft to LEO using solar sails?	Solar sails provide a very small but consistent force. For a 100 square meter sail, the force is about 0.0005 Newtons. In space, that will provide a small acceleration, which over long times will give it appreciable speed. On Earth, however, there is the 10000+ Newton force of gravity keeping it down. 0.0005 won't do m...	[ "Unlike conventional chemical rockets which use Newton's third law of motion, solar sails take advantage of radiation pressure from stars. Kaku believes that after sending a gigantic solar sail into orbit, one could install lasers on the moon, which would hit the sail and give it extra momentum.\n", "Until 2010, ...
why is there a stigma with google glass?	As with all emerging technology it's paranoia and fear. We've had cameras that you can't even see with the naked eye that can take decent pictures/video for a while now. We've had hidden camera tech going back decades that's gotten even easier to conceal and hide. The thing is: No one gives a shit about you enough to ...	[ "Additionally, there is controversy that Google Glass would cause security problems and violate privacy rights. Organizations like the FTC Fair Information Practice work to uphold privacy rights through Fair Information Practice Principles (FIPPS), which are guidelines representing concepts that concern fair inform...
What different tactics were developed by both the French and Germans to assault enemy trenches?	Towards the beginning of the war, the French and Germans utilized very similar tactics on the offense. This would involve extremely long preparatory bombardments (lasting days, or even weeks, and firing millions of shells) at enemy positions. The idea was, the bombardment would destroy emplacements, ruin trench network...	[ "The popular image of a trench assault is of a wave of soldiers, bayonets fixed, going \"over the top\" and marching in a line across no man's land into a hail of enemy fire. This was the standard method early in the war; it was rarely successful. More common was an attack at night from an advanced post in no man's...
When did mortgages start to be sold regularly?	In _The Ascent of Money: A Financial History of the World_ by Niall Ferguson, he discusses (among many other things) the history of debt instruments. The truth is, the buying and selling of debt obligations has been around almost as long as debt obligations themselves. Specifically, you may be referring to the changin...	[ "The earliest mortgages were not offered by banks, but by insurance companies, and they differed greatly from the mortgage or home loan that is familiar today. Most early mortgages were short with some kind of balloon payment at the end of the term, or they were interest-only loans which did not pay anything toward...
Was Jesus trying to reform the Jewish faith as opposed to trying to begin a new religion?	From the New Testament gospels, we can find a portrait of a Jesus wherein he certainly considered himself to be operating within "Judaism." I mean, there are any number of phrases we could select to show this (for a particularly 'conservative' one, try "Do not think that I have come to abolish the law or the prophets; ...	[ "After Auschwitz the Christian churches no longer wish to convert the Jews. While they may not be sure of the theological grounds that dispense them from this mission, the churches have become aware that asking the Jews to become Christians is a spiritual way of blotting them out of existence and thus only reinforc...
Is it possible that humans have evolved to have a tolerance to alcohol?	It appears that we have evolved a tolerance to alcohol. Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase is more expressed in humans than other mammals. Some people lack the enzyme (usually asians) which causes them to get red-faced and feel ill after drinking. > society may have partly formed due to beer This is nonsense. Apes have s...	[ "To engage in alcohol consumption and development of alcoholism appear to be common to primates, and is not a specific human phenomenon. Humans have access to alcohol on far greater quantity than non-human primates, and the availability increased particularly with the development of agriculture. The tolerance to al...
why did apple's iphone gain so much popularity but windows phones have seen such meager market penetration?	The iphone had no competition, the windows phone did. The iphone has a positive market image, while windows phone does not.	[ "When Apple's iPhone was first introduced in 2007, it generated substantial media attention, with numerous media outlets calling it a \"BlackBerry killer\". While BlackBerry sales continued to grow, the newer iPhone grew at a faster rate and the 87 percent drop in BlackBerry's stock price between 2010 and 2013 is p...
when a person is attempting suicide (eg about to jump from a bridge) and gets saved by emergency services, what happens to them next? what's their follow up care? could they just walk away?	Just gonna leave this here: National Suicide Prevention Lifeline _URL_0_	[ "Those who argue for a suicide barrier claim that most of those who jump from the West Gate Bridge do so through impulse and that police officers who try to save those who try to jump are putting their own lives in danger. There are multiple incidents of police officers dangling off the side of the bridge while hol...
What muscle are involved in your tongue sticking out	The primary muscle is the [genioglossus](_URL_0_). Note the figure there - because it attaches to the inside of the chin, contraction of the muscle 'pulls' the tongue forward.	[ "The transverse muscle of tongue (transversus linguae) is an intrinsic muscle of the tongue. It consists of fibers which arise from the median fibrous septum and pass lateralward to be inserted into the submucous fibrous tissue at the sides of the tongue.\n", "The superior longitudinal muscle runs along the upper...
how can you love yourself?	If anyone ever is raised by their family not to love themselves, to have that voice in their head that speaks loving thoughts, then their family has failed them terribly (likely because they themselves were failed and so on..). No, that is not okay and not right and should be different. Everyone should work hard so t...	[ "This is a story about a university student who believed love has a formula to success and tried to prove it in a month. Her mom left her when she was young and she learn to be independent and strong. She eventually felt in love but to prove her formula works she follows her mind instead of her heart, but only to r...
why people eat salty food then crave sugary food and repeat the cycle? what's going on in human body that causes this craving?	We've evolved in environments where sugar and salt were no where near as abundant as they are today, and because they're so vital for our survival we've evolved to enjoy the taste of them in order to make us want to eat them to get the nutrition we need(ed). Now, there's a bit of a mismatch because of how readily avail...	[ "The desires for these new diets and lifestyles are very understandable from a biological and psychosocial perspective. For example, humans have an innate preference for sweets dating back to hunter-gatherer populations. These sweets signaled a good source of energy for hunter-gatherers that were not food secure. T...
all the different kinds of alcohol, what they are, how they're different, what each one kinda tastes like, etc. etc.	This is something you kind of need to experience yourself but here goes nothing: * Wine is broken into two main categories: red and white. Wine is generally made from fermenting grapes. The color is mainly determined by whether or not the grade skin was strained out. It has a pretty low alcohol content relative...	[ "Cocktails often also contain one or more types of juice, fruit, sauce, honey, milk or cream, spices, or other flavorings. Cocktails may vary in their ingredients from bartender to bartender, and from region to region. Two creations may have the same name but taste very different because of differences in how the d...
what's the deal with the uk independence party?	The uk traditonally had two main parties, Labour, left wing, and the Tories/conservatives , Right wing, Over the last few decades both parties have moved more to centre-left and centre-right. This is where the UkIP comes in. The Ukip is right wing party that aims to appeal to the more right wing members of the conserva...	[ "The UK Independence Party was founded to press for British withdrawal from the EU, and following the referendum its leader Nigel Farage announced, on 4 July, that having succeeded in this goal, he would stand down as leader. Following the resignation of the elected leader Diane James, Farage became the interim par...

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