LuYinMiao/medical_eval · Datasets at Hugging Face

question stringlengths 7 13.3k	options dict	answer_idx stringclasses 13 values	answer stringlengths 1 1.18k	source stringclasses 11 values	prompt stringlengths 115 13.6k
Which of the following is not true for myelinated nerve fibers:	{ "A": "Impulse through myelinated fibers is slower than non-myelinated fibers", "B": "Membrane currents are generated at nodes of Ranvier", "C": "Saltatory conduction of impulses is seen", "D": "Local anesthesia is effective only when the nerve is not covered by myelin sheath", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	A	Impulse through myelinated fibers is slower than non-myelinated fibers	MedMCQA_validation	Which of the following is not true for myelinated nerve fibers: A. Impulse through myelinated fibers is slower than non-myelinated fibers B. Membrane currents are generated at nodes of Ranvier C. Saltatory conduction of impulses is seen D. Local anesthesia is effective only when the nerve is not covered by myelin sheath Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
Which of the following is not true about glomerular capillaries')	{ "A": "The oncotic pressure of the fluid leaving the capillaries is less than that of fluid entering it", "B": "Glucose concentration in the capillaries is the same as that in glomerular filtrate", "C": "Constriction of afferent aeriole decreases the blood flow to the glomerulas", "D": "Hematocrit of the fluid leaving the capillaries is less than that of the fluid entering it", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	A	The oncotic pressure of the fluid leaving the capillaries is less than that of fluid entering it	MedMCQA_validation	Which of the following is not true about glomerular capillaries') A. The oncotic pressure of the fluid leaving the capillaries is less than that of fluid entering it B. Glucose concentration in the capillaries is the same as that in glomerular filtrate C. Constriction of afferent aeriole decreases the blood flow to the glomerulas D. Hematocrit of the fluid leaving the capillaries is less than that of the fluid entering it Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
A 29 yrs old woman with a pregnancy of 17 week has a 10 years old boy with down syndrome. She does not want another down syndrome kid; best advice to her is	{ "A": "No test is required now as her age is below 35 years", "B": "Ultra sound at this point of time will definitely tell her that next baby will be down syndromic or not", "C": "Amniotic fluid samples plus chromosomal analysis will definitely tell her that next baby will be down syndromic or not", "D": "blood screening at this point of time will clear the exact picture", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	C	Amniotic fluid samples plus chromosomal analysis will definitely tell her that next baby will be down syndromic or not	MedMCQA_validation	A 29 yrs old woman with a pregnancy of 17 week has a 10 years old boy with down syndrome. She does not want another down syndrome kid; best advice to her is A. No test is required now as her age is below 35 years B. Ultra sound at this point of time will definitely tell her that next baby will be down syndromic or not C. Amniotic fluid samples plus chromosomal analysis will definitely tell her that next baby will be down syndromic or not D. blood screening at this point of time will clear the exact picture Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
Axonal transport is:	{ "A": "Antegrade", "B": "Retrograde", "C": "Antegrade and retrograde", "D": "None", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	C	Antegrade and retrograde	MedMCQA_validation	Axonal transport is: A. Antegrade B. Retrograde C. Antegrade and retrograde D. None Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
Low insulin to glucagon ratio is seen in all of these except:	{ "A": "Glycogen synthesis", "B": "Glycogen breakdown", "C": "Gluconeogenesis", "D": "Ketogenesis", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	A	Glycogen synthesis	MedMCQA_validation	Low insulin to glucagon ratio is seen in all of these except: A. Glycogen synthesis B. Glycogen breakdown C. Gluconeogenesis D. Ketogenesis Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
Concentration of tropicamide:	{ "A": "0.01", "B": "0.02", "C": "0.03", "D": "0.04", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	A	0.01	MedMCQA_validation	Concentration of tropicamide: A. 0.01 B. 0.02 C. 0.03 D. 0.04 Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
Which of the following statements is true regarding H I N1 Influenza?	{ "A": "Pregnant woman with sore throat can be staed immediately on oseltamivir without diagnostic testing under category B", "B": "People on long-term steroids cannot receive Os-eltam ivir", "C": "Category B concerns with low risk cases", "D": "Category B patients have to undergo immediate testing", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	A	Pregnant woman with sore throat can be staed immediately on oseltamivir without diagnostic testing under category B	MedMCQA_validation	Which of the following statements is true regarding H I N1 Influenza? A. Pregnant woman with sore throat can be staed immediately on oseltamivir without diagnostic testing under category B B. People on long-term steroids cannot receive Os-eltam ivir C. Category B concerns with low risk cases D. Category B patients have to undergo immediate testing Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
Which of the following are not a branch of external carotid Aery in Kiesselbach's plexus.	{ "A": "Sphenopalatine aery", "B": "Anterior ethmoidal aery", "C": "Greater palatine aery", "D": "Septal branch of superior labial aery", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	B	Anterior ethmoidal aery	MedMCQA_validation	Which of the following are not a branch of external carotid Aery in Kiesselbach's plexus. A. Sphenopalatine aery B. Anterior ethmoidal aery C. Greater palatine aery D. Septal branch of superior labial aery Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
Diagnosis of the following ECG-	{ "A": "Ventricular bigeminy", "B": "Electrical alternans", "C": "P pulmonale", "D": "Left ventricular failure", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	B	Electrical alternans	MedMCQA_validation	Diagnosis of the following ECG- A. Ventricular bigeminy B. Electrical alternans C. P pulmonale D. Left ventricular failure Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
A blue new born presents with cyanosis. The X–ray chest reveal oligaemic lung field and normal sized heart. Most likely diagnosis is –	{ "A": "Ebstein's anomaly", "B": "Pulmonary atresia", "C": "Transposition of great arteries", "D": "Tetralogy of fallot", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	B	Pulmonary atresia	MedMCQA_validation	A blue new born presents with cyanosis. The X–ray chest reveal oligaemic lung field and normal sized heart. Most likely diagnosis is – A. Ebstein's anomaly B. Pulmonary atresia C. Transposition of great arteries D. Tetralogy of fallot Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
27. The lateral spread of dental caries is facilitated mostly by the	{ "A": "Enamel spindles", "B": "Dentinoenamel junction", "C": "Enamel lamellae", "D": "Striae of Retzius", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	B	Dentinoenamel junction	MedMCQA_validation	27. The lateral spread of dental caries is facilitated mostly by the A. Enamel spindles B. Dentinoenamel junction C. Enamel lamellae D. Striae of Retzius Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
A second-year PG resident tells you to perform an ABG of a patient. All of the following are true about performing an ABG except:	{ "A": "Before performing the ABG, syringe should be loaded with 0.3 cc of heparin", "B": "Normal pH, HCO. and PCO, levels may not indicate absence of an acid-base imbalance", "C": "A different site should be tried i f modified Allen's test is negative", "D": "Radial aery is the preferred site", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	A	Before performing the ABG, syringe should be loaded with 0.3 cc of heparin	MedMCQA_validation	A second-year PG resident tells you to perform an ABG of a patient. All of the following are true about performing an ABG except: A. Before performing the ABG, syringe should be loaded with 0.3 cc of heparin B. Normal pH, HCO. and PCO, levels may not indicate absence of an acid-base imbalance C. A different site should be tried i f modified Allen's test is negative D. Radial aery is the preferred site Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
Respiratory rhythm generation center is located at:	{ "A": "Dorsal respiratory group", "B": "Pre-Botzinger complex", "C": "Ventral respiratory neurons", "D": "Pneumotaxic center", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	B	Pre-Botzinger complex	MedMCQA_validation	Respiratory rhythm generation center is located at: A. Dorsal respiratory group B. Pre-Botzinger complex C. Ventral respiratory neurons D. Pneumotaxic center Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
Gait apraxia is seen in thromboembolic episode involving:	{ "A": "ACA", "B": "MCA", "C": "PCA", "D": "Posterior choroidal aery", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	A	ACA	MedMCQA_validation	Gait apraxia is seen in thromboembolic episode involving: A. ACA B. MCA C. PCA D. Posterior choroidal aery Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
Heavy forces on periodontal ligament causes:	{ "A": "Hyalinization", "B": "Osteoclastic activity around tooth", "C": "Osteoblastic activity around tooth", "D": "Crest bone resorption", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	A	Hyalinization	MedMCQA_validation	Heavy forces on periodontal ligament causes: A. Hyalinization B. Osteoclastic activity around tooth C. Osteoblastic activity around tooth D. Crest bone resorption Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
About N. gonorrhoea, all are true except	{ "A": "Most common cause of urethritis in male", "B": "All stains are highly susceptible to penicillin", "C": "Wide spread axoregnic stains cause disseminated gonococcal infection", "D": "Found exclusively in human beings", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	B	All stains are highly susceptible to penicillin	MedMCQA_validation	About N. gonorrhoea, all are true except A. Most common cause of urethritis in male B. All stains are highly susceptible to penicillin C. Wide spread axoregnic stains cause disseminated gonococcal infection D. Found exclusively in human beings Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
A patient who was on ventilator and being ventilated for past few days, suddenly pulls out the endotracheal tube. What is the next step of management?	{ "A": "Assess the patient, give bag and mask ventilation and look for spontaneous breathing", "B": "Sta bag and mask ventilation and reintubate", "C": "Sedate and reintubate", "D": "Make him sit and do physiotherapy", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	A	Assess the patient, give bag and mask ventilation and look for spontaneous breathing	MedMCQA_validation	A patient who was on ventilator and being ventilated for past few days, suddenly pulls out the endotracheal tube. What is the next step of management? A. Assess the patient, give bag and mask ventilation and look for spontaneous breathing B. Sta bag and mask ventilation and reintubate C. Sedate and reintubate D. Make him sit and do physiotherapy Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
In a 6-month-old child, thick curd like white patch appears on the buccal mucosa. On rubbing it leaves an erythematous patch. Most likely diagnosis is:	{ "A": "Tuberculosis", "B": "Lichen planus", "C": "Lupus erythematous", "D": "Candidiasis", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	D	Candidiasis	MedMCQA_validation	In a 6-month-old child, thick curd like white patch appears on the buccal mucosa. On rubbing it leaves an erythematous patch. Most likely diagnosis is: A. Tuberculosis B. Lichen planus C. Lupus erythematous D. Candidiasis Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
Characteristic of venous blood flow of lower limb in duplex Doppler is?	{ "A": "Monophasic", "B": "Biphasic", "C": "Triphasic", "D": "Non phasic", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	A	Monophasic	MedMCQA_validation	Characteristic of venous blood flow of lower limb in duplex Doppler is? A. Monophasic B. Biphasic C. Triphasic D. Non phasic Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
The source of calcium ions of a calcific bridge in a tooth in which calcium hydroxide pulpotomy has been performed is:	{ "A": "Blood vessel borne", "B": "Derided cells", "C": "Dentin", "D": "From the calcium hydroxide", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	A	Blood vessel borne	MedMCQA_validation	The source of calcium ions of a calcific bridge in a tooth in which calcium hydroxide pulpotomy has been performed is: A. Blood vessel borne B. Derided cells C. Dentin D. From the calcium hydroxide Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
2, 3-BPG binds to sites of haemoglobin and the affinity for oxygen	{ "A": "4, decreases", "B": "1, decreases", "C": "4, increases", "D": "1, increases", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	B	1, decreases	MedMCQA_validation	2, 3-BPG binds to sites of haemoglobin and the affinity for oxygen A. 4, decreases B. 1, decreases C. 4, increases D. 1, increases Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
Highest concentration of oxygen is delivered through?	{ "A": "Nasal cannula", "B": "Venturi mask", "C": "Bag and mask", "D": "Mask with reservoir", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	C	Bag and mask	MedMCQA_validation	Highest concentration of oxygen is delivered through? A. Nasal cannula B. Venturi mask C. Bag and mask D. Mask with reservoir Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
Sharpest cusp is seen in	{ "A": "Upper Canine", "B": "Lower Canine", "C": "Upper Premolar", "D": "Lower premolar", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	A	Upper Canine	MedMCQA_validation	Sharpest cusp is seen in A. Upper Canine B. Lower Canine C. Upper Premolar D. Lower premolar Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
A mother is Hbs Ag positive and anti Hbe Ag positive. Risk of transmission of Hep. B in child is:	{ "A": "20%", "B": "50%", "C": "0%", "D": "90%", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	A	20%	MedMCQA_validation	A mother is Hbs Ag positive and anti Hbe Ag positive. Risk of transmission of Hep. B in child is: A. 20% B. 50% C. 0% D. 90% Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
In a patient with competent lips together at rest, the lip line is opposite the tips of the upper incisors. The lip line is then described as	{ "A": "Average", "B": "High", "C": "Incomplete", "D": "Low", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	D	Low	MedMCQA_validation	In a patient with competent lips together at rest, the lip line is opposite the tips of the upper incisors. The lip line is then described as A. Average B. High C. Incomplete D. Low Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
A patient presented to emergency with overdose some drug. There were increased salivation and increased bronchial secretions. On examination, blood pressure was 88/60 mmHg. RBC esterase level is 50. What should be the treatment of this person?	{ "A": "Neostigmine", "B": "Atropine", "C": "Flumazenil", "D": "Physostigmine", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	B	Atropine	MedMCQA_validation	A patient presented to emergency with overdose some drug. There were increased salivation and increased bronchial secretions. On examination, blood pressure was 88/60 mmHg. RBC esterase level is 50. What should be the treatment of this person? A. Neostigmine B. Atropine C. Flumazenil D. Physostigmine Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
The current bar clasp design used is:	{ "A": "Mesio-occlusal rest", "B": "Disto-occlusal rest", "C": "Mesial or distal depending on the situation", "D": "Choice of the dentist", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	A	Mesio-occlusal rest	MedMCQA_validation	The current bar clasp design used is: A. Mesio-occlusal rest B. Disto-occlusal rest C. Mesial or distal depending on the situation D. Choice of the dentist Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
All of the following are true regarding Class-II inlay gingival margins preparation except?	{ "A": "Removal of week enamel rods", "B": "Increased metal burnishability", "C": "Lap sliding fit of metal margin", "D": "Margins of restoration in self-cleansable area", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	D	Margins of restoration in self-cleansable area	MedMCQA_validation	All of the following are true regarding Class-II inlay gingival margins preparation except? A. Removal of week enamel rods B. Increased metal burnishability C. Lap sliding fit of metal margin D. Margins of restoration in self-cleansable area Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
Breakdown of periodontal fibres in periodontitis is due to bacterial enzyme: (OR) Which of the following bacterial products have been implicated in initiation of inflammatory periodontal disease?	{ "A": "Collagenase", "B": "Hyaluronidase", "C": "Coagulase", "D": "None of the above", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	A	Collagenase	MedMCQA_validation	Breakdown of periodontal fibres in periodontitis is due to bacterial enzyme: (OR) Which of the following bacterial products have been implicated in initiation of inflammatory periodontal disease? A. Collagenase B. Hyaluronidase C. Coagulase D. None of the above Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
In a study, two groups of newborns are checked for their weights based on whether their mothers received food supplements or not. The appropriate test which can be used for comparing the data is:	{ "A": "Chi square test", "B": "Paired T-test", "C": "Student's T-test", "D": "Fischer exact test", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	C	Student's T-test	MedMCQA_validation	In a study, two groups of newborns are checked for their weights based on whether their mothers received food supplements or not. The appropriate test which can be used for comparing the data is: A. Chi square test B. Paired T-test C. Student's T-test D. Fischer exact test Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
Which vitamin is required for glycogen Phosphorylase?	{ "A": "PLP", "B": "TPP", "C": "Riboflavin", "D": "Lipoic acid", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	A	PLP	MedMCQA_validation	Which vitamin is required for glycogen Phosphorylase? A. PLP B. TPP C. Riboflavin D. Lipoic acid Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
A child's behaviour is traced to have dental difficulties from his mother. The most satisfactory method of handling the situation is to:	{ "A": "Introduce another child as a good example", "B": "Modify his fear by familiarization", "C": "Use small amounts of barbiturates", "D": "Use firmness", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	B	Modify his fear by familiarization	MedMCQA_validation	A child's behaviour is traced to have dental difficulties from his mother. The most satisfactory method of handling the situation is to: A. Introduce another child as a good example B. Modify his fear by familiarization C. Use small amounts of barbiturates D. Use firmness Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
Which of the following is the only complete cailage ring in the respiratory tree?	{ "A": "Cricoid cailage", "B": "Thyroid cailage", "C": "Cunieform cailage", "D": "Epiglottis", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	A	Cricoid cailage	MedMCQA_validation	Which of the following is the only complete cailage ring in the respiratory tree? A. Cricoid cailage B. Thyroid cailage C. Cunieform cailage D. Epiglottis Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
Steps of intubation - arrange in sequence:- a. Head extension and flexion of neck b. Introduction of laryngoscope c. Inflation of cuff d. Check breath sounds with stethoscope e. fixation of the tube to prevent dislodgement	{ "A": "ABCDE", "B": "DBCEA", "C": "ACBED", "D": "CBAED", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	A	ABCDE	MedMCQA_validation	Steps of intubation - arrange in sequence:- a. Head extension and flexion of neck b. Introduction of laryngoscope c. Inflation of cuff d. Check breath sounds with stethoscope e. fixation of the tube to prevent dislodgement A. ABCDE B. DBCEA C. ACBED D. CBAED Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
In Erythroblastosis fetalis not involved is –	{ "A": "Anti C", "B": "Anti D", "C": "Anti E", "D": "Anti Lewis", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	D	Anti Lewis	MedMCQA_validation	In Erythroblastosis fetalis not involved is – A. Anti C B. Anti D C. Anti E D. Anti Lewis Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
A dentist suffered from Hepatitis B infection 3 months back. His laboratory tests are normal, but he is not allowed by the medical board to do surgical practice. He is:	{ "A": "Inactive carrier", "B": "Healthy carrier", "C": "Convalescent carrier", "D": "Paradoxical carrier", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	C	Convalescent carrier	MedMCQA_validation	A dentist suffered from Hepatitis B infection 3 months back. His laboratory tests are normal, but he is not allowed by the medical board to do surgical practice. He is: A. Inactive carrier B. Healthy carrier C. Convalescent carrier D. Paradoxical carrier Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
A pediatrician in a district hospital with specialization neonatal care unit calls an ophthalmologist for consultation for which of the following?	{ "A": "A newborn with respiratory distress", "B": "A baby born at 28 weeks of gestation", "C": "Newborn with jaundice", "D": "A newborn with bih weight 2300 grams", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	B	A baby born at 28 weeks of gestation	MedMCQA_validation	A pediatrician in a district hospital with specialization neonatal care unit calls an ophthalmologist for consultation for which of the following? A. A newborn with respiratory distress B. A baby born at 28 weeks of gestation C. Newborn with jaundice D. A newborn with bih weight 2300 grams Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
In a child with active liver failure, the most important prognosis factor for death is –	{ "A": "Increasing transaminases", "B": "Increasing bilirubin", "C": "Increasing prothrombin time", "D": "Gram (–)ve sepsis", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	D	Gram (–)ve sepsis	MedMCQA_validation	In a child with active liver failure, the most important prognosis factor for death is – A. Increasing transaminases B. Increasing bilirubin C. Increasing prothrombin time D. Gram (–)ve sepsis Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
A patient went into shock immediately after normal delivery, likely cause:	{ "A": "Amniotic fluid embolism", "B": "PPH", "C": "Uterine inversion", "D": "Eclampsia", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	C	Uterine inversion	MedMCQA_validation	A patient went into shock immediately after normal delivery, likely cause: A. Amniotic fluid embolism B. PPH C. Uterine inversion D. Eclampsia Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
A patient presented with flat topped violaceous papules, thinning of nails and onycholysis. What is the microscopic finding observed in this patient?	{ "A": "Prominent necrotic cell", "B": "Suprabasal split", "C": "Basal cell degeneration", "D": "Acantholysis", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	C	Basal cell degeneration	MedMCQA_validation	A patient presented with flat topped violaceous papules, thinning of nails and onycholysis. What is the microscopic finding observed in this patient? A. Prominent necrotic cell B. Suprabasal split C. Basal cell degeneration D. Acantholysis Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
Which of the following is not. true regarding myelopathy?	{ "A": "Sensory loss of facial area", "B": "Brisk jaw jerk", "C": "Brisk pectoral jerk", "D": "Urgency and incontinence of micturition", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	B	Brisk jaw jerk	MedMCQA_validation	Which of the following is not. true regarding myelopathy? A. Sensory loss of facial area B. Brisk jaw jerk C. Brisk pectoral jerk D. Urgency and incontinence of micturition Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
Which of the following committees has recommended a 3-year bachelor degree in medical education for rural health service?	{ "A": "High level expe group of universal health program for india", "B": "Central bureau of health investigation", "C": "Srivastava committee", "D": "Sundar committee", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	A	High level expe group of universal health program for india	MedMCQA_validation	Which of the following committees has recommended a 3-year bachelor degree in medical education for rural health service? A. High level expe group of universal health program for india B. Central bureau of health investigation C. Srivastava committee D. Sundar committee Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
Sequential arrangement of fetal scans -	{ "A": "Growth scan", "B": "Triple marker", "C": "Anomalous Scan and NT scan", "D": "All", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	D	All	MedMCQA_validation	Sequential arrangement of fetal scans - A. Growth scan B. Triple marker C. Anomalous Scan and NT scan D. All Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
Which one of the following is a muscle splitting incision?	{ "A": "Kocher's incision", "B": "Rutherford-Morrison incision", "C": "Pfannenstiel incision", "D": "Lanz incision", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	D	Lanz incision	MedMCQA_validation	Which one of the following is a muscle splitting incision? A. Kocher's incision B. Rutherford-Morrison incision C. Pfannenstiel incision D. Lanz incision Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
Multiple canals in mandibular premolars are seen in?	{ "A": "Africas", "B": "Caucians", "C": "Not Recalled", "D": "Not Recalled", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	A	Africas	MedMCQA_validation	Multiple canals in mandibular premolars are seen in? A. Africas B. Caucians C. Not Recalled D. Not Recalled Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
Which of the following blade angle is appropriate for scaling and root planing	{ "A": "A", "B": "B", "C": "C", "D": "D", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	B	B	MedMCQA_validation	Which of the following blade angle is appropriate for scaling and root planing A. A B. B C. C D. D Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
Which pa of brachial plexus do not give branches	{ "A": "Root", "B": "Division", "C": "Cord", "D": "Trunk", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	B	Division	MedMCQA_validation	Which pa of brachial plexus do not give branches A. Root B. Division C. Cord D. Trunk Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
If the Rb gene phosphorylation is defective, which of the following will happen?	{ "A": "Cell cycle will stop at GI phase", "B": "Cell cycle will stop at G2 phase", "C": "The cell cycle will progress and the cell will divide", "D": "There will be no effect on cell cycle as for Rb gene phosphorylation is not needed", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	A	Cell cycle will stop at GI phase	MedMCQA_validation	If the Rb gene phosphorylation is defective, which of the following will happen? A. Cell cycle will stop at GI phase B. Cell cycle will stop at G2 phase C. The cell cycle will progress and the cell will divide D. There will be no effect on cell cycle as for Rb gene phosphorylation is not needed Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
Cumulative index is:	{ "A": "Russet's periodontal index", "B": "Ramjford's periodontal index", "C": "PMA (Massler and Schlour)", "D": "Gingival index (Loe and Silness)", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	C	PMA (Massler and Schlour)	MedMCQA_validation	Cumulative index is: A. Russet's periodontal index B. Ramjford's periodontal index C. PMA (Massler and Schlour) D. Gingival index (Loe and Silness) Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
The cells which will proliferate from top to bottom of villi are:	{ "A": "Chief cells", "B": "Goblet cells", "C": "Paneth cells", "D": "Parietal cells", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	C	Paneth cells	MedMCQA_validation	The cells which will proliferate from top to bottom of villi are: A. Chief cells B. Goblet cells C. Paneth cells D. Parietal cells Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
What is the usual weight of rabbit used in ophthalmological experiments?	{ "A": "0.5-1 kg", "B": "1.5-2.5 kg", "C": "5-7 kg", "D": "10-12 kg", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	B	1.5-2.5 kg	MedMCQA_validation	What is the usual weight of rabbit used in ophthalmological experiments? A. 0.5-1 kg B. 1.5-2.5 kg C. 5-7 kg D. 10-12 kg Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
In plasmodium vivax malaria, relapse is caused by:September 2012	{ "A": "Sporozoite", "B": "Schizont", "C": "Hypnozoite", "D": "Gamteocyte", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	C	Hypnozoite	MedMCQA_validation	In plasmodium vivax malaria, relapse is caused by:September 2012 A. Sporozoite B. Schizont C. Hypnozoite D. Gamteocyte Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
Retraction of mandible is achieved by:	{ "A": "Lateral pterygoid", "B": "Temporalis", "C": "Medial pterygoid", "D": "Masseter", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	B	Temporalis	MedMCQA_validation	Retraction of mandible is achieved by: A. Lateral pterygoid B. Temporalis C. Medial pterygoid D. Masseter Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
How is modified shock index represented as?	{ "A": "HR/MAP", "B": "MAP/HR", "C": "HR/SBP", "D": "HR/DBP", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	A	HR/MAP	MedMCQA_validation	How is modified shock index represented as? A. HR/MAP B. MAP/HR C. HR/SBP D. HR/DBP Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
A 3 week neonate with ambiguous genitalia presented with Na+ 127 meq/L, K+ 7.2 meq/L wit BP 52/24 mm Hg and he was managed with IV fluids. What is the next step of management?	{ "A": "Spironolactone", "B": "Hydrocoisone administration", "C": "Broad spectrum antibiotics", "D": "Calcium gluconate", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	B	Hydrocoisone administration	MedMCQA_validation	A 3 week neonate with ambiguous genitalia presented with Na+ 127 meq/L, K+ 7.2 meq/L wit BP 52/24 mm Hg and he was managed with IV fluids. What is the next step of management? A. Spironolactone B. Hydrocoisone administration C. Broad spectrum antibiotics D. Calcium gluconate Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
Base pairs in DNA	{ "A": "1.5 billion", "B": "46 billions", "C": "3.2 billion", "D": "100 billion", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	C	3.2 billion	MedMCQA_validation	Base pairs in DNA A. 1.5 billion B. 46 billions C. 3.2 billion D. 100 billion Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
Which of the following is a solid solution?	{ "A": "Amalgam", "B": "Cobalt-chromium", "C": "Silver-palladium", "D": "Gallium-silver", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	C	Silver-palladium	MedMCQA_validation	Which of the following is a solid solution? A. Amalgam B. Cobalt-chromium C. Silver-palladium D. Gallium-silver Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
Tracheal secretions should be suctioned for:	{ "A": "10-15 seconds", "B": "60 seconds", "C": "30 seconds", "D": "3 minutes", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	A	10-15 seconds	MedMCQA_validation	Tracheal secretions should be suctioned for: A. 10-15 seconds B. 60 seconds C. 30 seconds D. 3 minutes Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
A patient presents with carcinoma of the larynx involving the left false cords, left arytenoid and the left aryepiglottic folds with bilateral mobile true cords. Treatment of choice is -	{ "A": "Vertical hemilaryngectomy", "B": "Horizontal partial hemilaryngectomy", "C": "Total laryngectomy", "D": "Radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	A	Vertical hemilaryngectomy	MedMCQA_validation	A patient presents with carcinoma of the larynx involving the left false cords, left arytenoid and the left aryepiglottic folds with bilateral mobile true cords. Treatment of choice is - A. Vertical hemilaryngectomy B. Horizontal partial hemilaryngectomy C. Total laryngectomy D. Radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
Which of the following lipoproteins does not move towards charged end in electrophoresis?	{ "A": "VLDL", "B": "LDL", "C": "HDL", "D": "Chylomicrons", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	D	Chylomicrons	MedMCQA_validation	Which of the following lipoproteins does not move towards charged end in electrophoresis? A. VLDL B. LDL C. HDL D. Chylomicrons Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
A 60 years old male presented with fever, chills and dysuria. Patient was hospitalized in emergency for 5 days. PSA level was 7.4. Next best step in this patient:	{ "A": "Repeat PSA", "B": "TURP", "C": "TRUS guided biopsy", "D": "Antibiotics and admit", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	D	Antibiotics and admit	MedMCQA_validation	A 60 years old male presented with fever, chills and dysuria. Patient was hospitalized in emergency for 5 days. PSA level was 7.4. Next best step in this patient: A. Repeat PSA B. TURP C. TRUS guided biopsy D. Antibiotics and admit Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
Name the structure marked with arrow	{ "A": "Mitochondria", "B": "Golgi bodies", "C": "Secretory vesicles", "D": "Rough Endoplasmic reticulum", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	C	Secretory vesicles	MedMCQA_validation	Name the structure marked with arrow A. Mitochondria B. Golgi bodies C. Secretory vesicles D. Rough Endoplasmic reticulum Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
A patient from,nqh-eastern states was diagnosed to have infection with P. falciparum malaria. What is the most appropriate drug for this patient?	{ "A": "Aemether plus lumefantrine", "B": "Sulfadoxine plus pyrimethamine", "C": "Chloroquine", "D": "Mefloquine", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	A	Aemether plus lumefantrine	MedMCQA_validation	A patient from,nqh-eastern states was diagnosed to have infection with P. falciparum malaria. What is the most appropriate drug for this patient? A. Aemether plus lumefantrine B. Sulfadoxine plus pyrimethamine C. Chloroquine D. Mefloquine Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
Iron is present in all, EXCEPT	{ "A": "Myoglobin", "B": "Cytochrome", "C": "Catalase", "D": "Pyruvate kinase", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	D	Pyruvate kinase	MedMCQA_validation	Iron is present in all, EXCEPT A. Myoglobin B. Cytochrome C. Catalase D. Pyruvate kinase Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
The most common bone tumor that occurs in children is:	{ "A": "Osteosarcoma", "B": "Ewing's sarcoma", "C": "Metastatic carcinoma", "D": "Multiple myeloma", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	A	Osteosarcoma	MedMCQA_validation	The most common bone tumor that occurs in children is: A. Osteosarcoma B. Ewing's sarcoma C. Metastatic carcinoma D. Multiple myeloma Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
In a couple for treatment of infeility from the last four years, female paner is normal. Male paner has 0.8 ml semen volume per ejaculate on two repeated samples and absent fructose, with no sperms on examination under microscope. What is the next line of management?	{ "A": "Per-rectal examination to check ejaculatory duct obstruction", "B": "Give antioxidants", "C": "Testicular biopsy", "D": "Transrectal ultrasound to detect duct obstruction", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	D	Transrectal ultrasound to detect duct obstruction	MedMCQA_validation	In a couple for treatment of infeility from the last four years, female paner is normal. Male paner has 0.8 ml semen volume per ejaculate on two repeated samples and absent fructose, with no sperms on examination under microscope. What is the next line of management? A. Per-rectal examination to check ejaculatory duct obstruction B. Give antioxidants C. Testicular biopsy D. Transrectal ultrasound to detect duct obstruction Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
The zygomatic bone does not articulate with:	{ "A": "Frontal bone", "B": "Maxillary bone", "C": "Nasal bone", "D": "Temporal bone", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	C	Nasal bone	MedMCQA_validation	The zygomatic bone does not articulate with: A. Frontal bone B. Maxillary bone C. Nasal bone D. Temporal bone Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
Which of the following statements is true regarding medical aboion?	{ "A": "Ultrasound should be done in all cases", "B": "If the patient has an IUCD in-situ, it doesn't need to be removed", "C": "Can only be done up to 72 days", "D": "Only a person ceified under MTP act can perform medical termination of pregnancy", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	D	Only a person ceified under MTP act can perform medical termination of pregnancy	MedMCQA_validation	Which of the following statements is true regarding medical aboion? A. Ultrasound should be done in all cases B. If the patient has an IUCD in-situ, it doesn't need to be removed C. Can only be done up to 72 days D. Only a person ceified under MTP act can perform medical termination of pregnancy Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
Calcium ions triggers muscle contraction by binding to:	{ "A": "Actin", "B": "Myosin", "C": "Troponin", "D": "Tropomyosin", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	C	Troponin	MedMCQA_validation	Calcium ions triggers muscle contraction by binding to: A. Actin B. Myosin C. Troponin D. Tropomyosin Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
SD plasma destroys lipid enveloped virus. On SD plasma transfusion, which of the following infection is the likely possibility?	{ "A": "HIV", "B": "HAV", "C": "HBV", "D": "HCV", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	B	HAV	MedMCQA_validation	SD plasma destroys lipid enveloped virus. On SD plasma transfusion, which of the following infection is the likely possibility? A. HIV B. HAV C. HBV D. HCV Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
According to the intelligence quotient classification, a score of 90-110 is:	{ "A": "Low average.", "B": "Average", "C": "Superior", "D": "Mentally retarded.", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	B	Average	MedMCQA_validation	According to the intelligence quotient classification, a score of 90-110 is: A. Low average. B. Average C. Superior D. Mentally retarded. Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
Due to which of the following enzyme deficiency, vitamin C cannot be synthesised in humans?	{ "A": "L-Glucuronic acid oxidase", "B": "L-Gulonic acid reductase", "C": "L-Gulonolactone oxidase", "D": "L-Gulonolactone reductase", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	C	L-Gulonolactone oxidase	MedMCQA_validation	Due to which of the following enzyme deficiency, vitamin C cannot be synthesised in humans? A. L-Glucuronic acid oxidase B. L-Gulonic acid reductase C. L-Gulonolactone oxidase D. L-Gulonolactone reductase Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
In a patient of heart disease antibiotic prophylaxis for dental extraction is:	{ "A": "Amoxicillin.", "B": "Imipenem.", "C": "Gentamicin.", "D": "Erythromycin.", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	A	Amoxicillin.	MedMCQA_validation	In a patient of heart disease antibiotic prophylaxis for dental extraction is: A. Amoxicillin. B. Imipenem. C. Gentamicin. D. Erythromycin. Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
Which of the following type of failure may occur, if the coefficient of thermal expansion of ceramic is much lower than that of metal?	{ "A": "Cohesive failure of ceramic", "B": "Adhesive failure of metal ceramic bond", "C": "Cohesive failure of metal", "D": "Cohesive failure of metal ceramic bond", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	B	Adhesive failure of metal ceramic bond	MedMCQA_validation	Which of the following type of failure may occur, if the coefficient of thermal expansion of ceramic is much lower than that of metal? A. Cohesive failure of ceramic B. Adhesive failure of metal ceramic bond C. Cohesive failure of metal D. Cohesive failure of metal ceramic bond Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
Anti monsoon curve seen in :	{ "A": "Premolar", "B": "Molar", "C": "Anterior", "D": "All of the above.", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	D	All of the above.	MedMCQA_validation	Anti monsoon curve seen in : A. Premolar B. Molar C. Anterior D. All of the above. Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
A 10 years old child has lytic lesions in upper femur, the differential diagnosis can be all except :	{ "A": "Plasmacytoma", "B": "Browns tumour", "C": "Metastasis", "D": "Histiocytosis", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	A	Plasmacytoma	MedMCQA_validation	A 10 years old child has lytic lesions in upper femur, the differential diagnosis can be all except : A. Plasmacytoma B. Browns tumour C. Metastasis D. Histiocytosis Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
During periradicular surgery bone is removed with?	{ "A": "Round burr", "B": "Double inverted cone burr", "C": "Fissure burr", "D": "Taper Burr", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	A	Round burr	MedMCQA_validation	During periradicular surgery bone is removed with? A. Round burr B. Double inverted cone burr C. Fissure burr D. Taper Burr Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
The primary function of the dental pulp is:	{ "A": "Nutritive", "B": "Production of dentin", "C": "Production of enamel", "D": "Vascular supply to the teeth", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	B	Production of dentin	MedMCQA_validation	The primary function of the dental pulp is: A. Nutritive B. Production of dentin C. Production of enamel D. Vascular supply to the teeth Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
Which of the following increases callus formation:	{ "A": "Rigid immobilization", "B": "Movement at fracture site", "C": "Compression plating", "D": "Intraosseous nailing", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	B	Movement at fracture site	MedMCQA_validation	Which of the following increases callus formation: A. Rigid immobilization B. Movement at fracture site C. Compression plating D. Intraosseous nailing Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
Child of Vasanthi was weaned from breast milk on the 5th day and was given sugarcane juice the child developed hypoglycemia and hepatomegaly biochemical examination showed hypophosphatemia and enzyme deficiencies–reducing substances in urine. The child is probably suffering from which of the following enzyme deficiencies –	{ "A": "Fructokinase", "B": "Aldolase B", "C": "Glucose 6 Phosphatase", "D": "Beta galactosidase", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	B	Aldolase B	MedMCQA_validation	Child of Vasanthi was weaned from breast milk on the 5th day and was given sugarcane juice the child developed hypoglycemia and hepatomegaly biochemical examination showed hypophosphatemia and enzyme deficiencies–reducing substances in urine. The child is probably suffering from which of the following enzyme deficiencies – A. Fructokinase B. Aldolase B C. Glucose 6 Phosphatase D. Beta galactosidase Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
Skeletal muscles	{ "A": "Contracts when calcium is taken up by sarcoplasmic reticulum", "B": "Contracts when actin and myosin filaments shorten", "C": "Contraction is initiated by calcium binding to troponin", "D": "Contraction is initiated by calcium binding to tropomyosin", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	C	Contraction is initiated by calcium binding to troponin	MedMCQA_validation	Skeletal muscles A. Contracts when calcium is taken up by sarcoplasmic reticulum B. Contracts when actin and myosin filaments shorten C. Contraction is initiated by calcium binding to troponin D. Contraction is initiated by calcium binding to tropomyosin Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
Which of the following is most effective for gluconeogenesis in starvation?	{ "A": "Acetyl Co-A stimulation of pyruvate carboxylase", "B": "Fructose-1, 6-biphosphate stimulation of phosphofructokinase-1", "C": "Citrate stimulation of acetyl carboxylase", "D": "Fructose-2, 6-biphosphate stimulation of phosphofructokinase-2", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	A	Acetyl Co-A stimulation of pyruvate carboxylase	MedMCQA_validation	Which of the following is most effective for gluconeogenesis in starvation? A. Acetyl Co-A stimulation of pyruvate carboxylase B. Fructose-1, 6-biphosphate stimulation of phosphofructokinase-1 C. Citrate stimulation of acetyl carboxylase D. Fructose-2, 6-biphosphate stimulation of phosphofructokinase-2 Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
Which is not involved in iron metabolism?	{ "A": "Transthyretin", "B": "Ceruloplasmin", "C": "Hepcidin", "D": "Ferropoin", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	A	Transthyretin	MedMCQA_validation	Which is not involved in iron metabolism? A. Transthyretin B. Ceruloplasmin C. Hepcidin D. Ferropoin Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
A 14 year girl presented with absent thelarche.On examination uterus was present. Investigations showed high FSH. karyotype is XY.What is the probable diagnosis?	{ "A": "Gonadal dysgenesis", "B": "Kallman syndrome", "C": "Androgen insensitivity syndrome", "D": "Adrenal hyperplasia", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	A	Gonadal dysgenesis	MedMCQA_validation	A 14 year girl presented with absent thelarche.On examination uterus was present. Investigations showed high FSH. karyotype is XY.What is the probable diagnosis? A. Gonadal dysgenesis B. Kallman syndrome C. Androgen insensitivity syndrome D. Adrenal hyperplasia Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
Reciprocal arm taper in	{ "A": "1 dimension", "B": "2 dimension", "C": "3 dimension", "D": "Not tapered", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	A	1 dimension	MedMCQA_validation	Reciprocal arm taper in A. 1 dimension B. 2 dimension C. 3 dimension D. Not tapered Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
Bluegrass appliance is used to treat:	{ "A": "Thumb sucking.", "B": "Tongue thrusting.", "C": "Both", "D": "Mouth breathing.", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	C	Both	MedMCQA_validation	Bluegrass appliance is used to treat: A. Thumb sucking. B. Tongue thrusting. C. Both D. Mouth breathing. Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
On a primary 2nd molar caries occur most commonly on	{ "A": "Occlusal pit and fissures", "B": "Proximal caries below contact point", "C": "Buccal surface", "D": "Promixal caries above contact point", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	A	Occlusal pit and fissures	MedMCQA_validation	On a primary 2nd molar caries occur most commonly on A. Occlusal pit and fissures B. Proximal caries below contact point C. Buccal surface D. Promixal caries above contact point Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
Waldeyer's lymphatic chain is formed by all except	{ "A": "Palatine tonsils", "B": "Pharyngeal tonsils", "C": "Tubal and lingual tonsils", "D": "Post auricular nodes", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	D	Post auricular nodes	MedMCQA_validation	Waldeyer's lymphatic chain is formed by all except A. Palatine tonsils B. Pharyngeal tonsils C. Tubal and lingual tonsils D. Post auricular nodes Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
Polydactyly, craniosynostosis, Late closure of fontanelles is a feature of:	{ "A": "Apert's syndrome", "B": "Crouton's syndrome", "C": "Pierre robin syndrome", "D": "Down' syndrome", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	A	Apert's syndrome	MedMCQA_validation	Polydactyly, craniosynostosis, Late closure of fontanelles is a feature of: A. Apert's syndrome B. Crouton's syndrome C. Pierre robin syndrome D. Down' syndrome Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
Physiological changes seen in laparoscopy include all except:	{ "A": "Increased ICP", "B": "Decreased FRC", "C": "Increased CVP", "D": "Increased pH", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	D	Increased pH	MedMCQA_validation	Physiological changes seen in laparoscopy include all except: A. Increased ICP B. Decreased FRC C. Increased CVP D. Increased pH Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
Which of the following nerve fibre types is least susceptible to LA blockade?	{ "A": "A beta", "B": "A alpha", "C": "B fibers", "D": "C fibers", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	B	A alpha	MedMCQA_validation	Which of the following nerve fibre types is least susceptible to LA blockade? A. A beta B. A alpha C. B fibers D. C fibers Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
A child born with multiple congenital defect including cleft palate, neural tube defect, atrial septal defect and microcephaly which of the following drug is used by mother during pregnancy:	{ "A": "Erythromycin", "B": "Isotretinoin", "C": "Ibuprofen", "D": "Metronidazole", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	B	Isotretinoin	MedMCQA_validation	A child born with multiple congenital defect including cleft palate, neural tube defect, atrial septal defect and microcephaly which of the following drug is used by mother during pregnancy: A. Erythromycin B. Isotretinoin C. Ibuprofen D. Metronidazole Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
Incorporation of peripheral seal in an impression is necessary to obtain;	{ "A": "Stability", "B": "Functionally moulded periphery", "C": "Harmonious occlusion", "D": "Posterior palatal seal", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	B	Functionally moulded periphery	MedMCQA_validation	Incorporation of peripheral seal in an impression is necessary to obtain; A. Stability B. Functionally moulded periphery C. Harmonious occlusion D. Posterior palatal seal Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
Increase in height of mandible with increase in interdental spaces in elderly man	{ "A": "Hyperpituitarism", "B": "Hyperthyroidism", "C": "Hypopituitarism", "D": "Hyperparathyroidism", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	A	Hyperpituitarism	MedMCQA_validation	Increase in height of mandible with increase in interdental spaces in elderly man A. Hyperpituitarism B. Hyperthyroidism C. Hypopituitarism D. Hyperparathyroidism Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
A patient has seasonal allergic rhinitis and is on terfenadine. He develops cardiac arrhythmias after a course of antibiotics. Which of the following antibiotic could have been given:	{ "A": "Ampicillin", "B": "Tetracycline", "C": "Erythromycin", "D": "Co-trimoxazole", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	C	Erythromycin	MedMCQA_validation	A patient has seasonal allergic rhinitis and is on terfenadine. He develops cardiac arrhythmias after a course of antibiotics. Which of the following antibiotic could have been given: A. Ampicillin B. Tetracycline C. Erythromycin D. Co-trimoxazole Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
Modulus of elasticity means:	{ "A": "Rigidity or stiffness of the material", "B": "Ability to be stretched with permanent deformation", "C": "Ductility of a material", "D": "Malleability of the metal", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	A	Rigidity or stiffness of the material	MedMCQA_validation	Modulus of elasticity means: A. Rigidity or stiffness of the material B. Ability to be stretched with permanent deformation C. Ductility of a material D. Malleability of the metal Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
Vwf factor is produced by:	{ "A": "Platelets", "B": "Endothelial cells", "C": "Neutrophils", "D": "Monocytes", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	B	Endothelial cells	MedMCQA_validation	Vwf factor is produced by: A. Platelets B. Endothelial cells C. Neutrophils D. Monocytes Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
Which of the following statement is false statement about snake-bites?	{ "A": "Anti-venom is not effective in humpnosed pit viper bite", "B": "Cobra venom is neurotoxic", "C": "Atropine premedication should be used before administering Neostigmine", "D": "Neostigmine has a role in krait bite.", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	D	Neostigmine has a role in krait bite.	MedMCQA_validation	Which of the following statement is false statement about snake-bites? A. Anti-venom is not effective in humpnosed pit viper bite B. Cobra venom is neurotoxic C. Atropine premedication should be used before administering Neostigmine D. Neostigmine has a role in krait bite. Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
A prosthetic appliance given to cover the palatal defect in patients with cleft palate is called	{ "A": "Artificial velum", "B": "Obturator", "C": "Removable prosthetic appliance", "D": "None of the above", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	B	Obturator	MedMCQA_validation	A prosthetic appliance given to cover the palatal defect in patients with cleft palate is called A. Artificial velum B. Obturator C. Removable prosthetic appliance D. None of the above Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.
Biofilm forming bacteria causes antimicrobial resist-ance by all of the following except:	{ "A": "Mechanical barrier", "B": "Increased excretion of antibiotics", "C": "Altered metabolism", "D": "Adherence", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }	D	Adherence	MedMCQA_validation	Biofilm forming bacteria causes antimicrobial resist-ance by all of the following except: A. Mechanical barrier B. Increased excretion of antibiotics C. Altered metabolism D. Adherence Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

Which of the following is not true for myelinated nerve fibers:

{ "A": "Impulse through myelinated fibers is slower than non-myelinated fibers", "B": "Membrane currents are generated at nodes of Ranvier", "C": "Saltatory conduction of impulses is seen", "D": "Local anesthesia is effective only when the nerve is not covered by myelin sheath", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

A

Impulse through myelinated fibers is slower than non-myelinated fibers

MedMCQA_validation

Which of the following is not true for myelinated nerve fibers: A. Impulse through myelinated fibers is slower than non-myelinated fibers B. Membrane currents are generated at nodes of Ranvier C. Saltatory conduction of impulses is seen D. Local anesthesia is effective only when the nerve is not covered by myelin sheath Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

Which of the following is not true about glomerular capillaries')

{ "A": "The oncotic pressure of the fluid leaving the capillaries is less than that of fluid entering it", "B": "Glucose concentration in the capillaries is the same as that in glomerular filtrate", "C": "Constriction of afferent aeriole decreases the blood flow to the glomerulas", "D": "Hematocrit of the fluid leaving the capillaries is less than that of the fluid entering it", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

A

The oncotic pressure of the fluid leaving the capillaries is less than that of fluid entering it

MedMCQA_validation

Which of the following is not true about glomerular capillaries') A. The oncotic pressure of the fluid leaving the capillaries is less than that of fluid entering it B. Glucose concentration in the capillaries is the same as that in glomerular filtrate C. Constriction of afferent aeriole decreases the blood flow to the glomerulas D. Hematocrit of the fluid leaving the capillaries is less than that of the fluid entering it Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

A 29 yrs old woman with a pregnancy of 17 week has a 10 years old boy with down syndrome. She does not want another down syndrome kid; best advice to her is

{ "A": "No test is required now as her age is below 35 years", "B": "Ultra sound at this point of time will definitely tell her that next baby will be down syndromic or not", "C": "Amniotic fluid samples plus chromosomal analysis will definitely tell her that next baby will be down syndromic or not", "D": "blood screening at this point of time will clear the exact picture", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

C

Amniotic fluid samples plus chromosomal analysis will definitely tell her that next baby will be down syndromic or not

MedMCQA_validation

A 29 yrs old woman with a pregnancy of 17 week has a 10 years old boy with down syndrome. She does not want another down syndrome kid; best advice to her is A. No test is required now as her age is below 35 years B. Ultra sound at this point of time will definitely tell her that next baby will be down syndromic or not C. Amniotic fluid samples plus chromosomal analysis will definitely tell her that next baby will be down syndromic or not D. blood screening at this point of time will clear the exact picture Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

Axonal transport is:

{ "A": "Antegrade", "B": "Retrograde", "C": "Antegrade and retrograde", "D": "None", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

C

Antegrade and retrograde

MedMCQA_validation

Axonal transport is: A. Antegrade B. Retrograde C. Antegrade and retrograde D. None Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

Low insulin to glucagon ratio is seen in all of these except:

{ "A": "Glycogen synthesis", "B": "Glycogen breakdown", "C": "Gluconeogenesis", "D": "Ketogenesis", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

A

Glycogen synthesis

MedMCQA_validation

Low insulin to glucagon ratio is seen in all of these except: A. Glycogen synthesis B. Glycogen breakdown C. Gluconeogenesis D. Ketogenesis Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

Concentration of tropicamide:

{ "A": "0.01", "B": "0.02", "C": "0.03", "D": "0.04", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

A

0.01

MedMCQA_validation

Concentration of tropicamide: A. 0.01 B. 0.02 C. 0.03 D. 0.04 Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

Which of the following statements is true regarding H I N1 Influenza?

{ "A": "Pregnant woman with sore throat can be staed immediately on oseltamivir without diagnostic testing under category B", "B": "People on long-term steroids cannot receive Os-eltam ivir", "C": "Category B concerns with low risk cases", "D": "Category B patients have to undergo immediate testing", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

A

Pregnant woman with sore throat can be staed immediately on oseltamivir without diagnostic testing under category B

MedMCQA_validation

Which of the following statements is true regarding H I N1 Influenza? A. Pregnant woman with sore throat can be staed immediately on oseltamivir without diagnostic testing under category B B. People on long-term steroids cannot receive Os-eltam ivir C. Category B concerns with low risk cases D. Category B patients have to undergo immediate testing Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

Which of the following are not a branch of external carotid Aery in Kiesselbach's plexus.

{ "A": "Sphenopalatine aery", "B": "Anterior ethmoidal aery", "C": "Greater palatine aery", "D": "Septal branch of superior labial aery", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

B

Anterior ethmoidal aery

MedMCQA_validation

Which of the following are not a branch of external carotid Aery in Kiesselbach's plexus. A. Sphenopalatine aery B. Anterior ethmoidal aery C. Greater palatine aery D. Septal branch of superior labial aery Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

Diagnosis of the following ECG-

{ "A": "Ventricular bigeminy", "B": "Electrical alternans", "C": "P pulmonale", "D": "Left ventricular failure", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

B

Electrical alternans

MedMCQA_validation

Diagnosis of the following ECG- A. Ventricular bigeminy B. Electrical alternans C. P pulmonale D. Left ventricular failure Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

A blue new born presents with cyanosis. The X–ray chest reveal oligaemic lung field and normal sized heart. Most likely diagnosis is –

{ "A": "Ebstein's anomaly", "B": "Pulmonary atresia", "C": "Transposition of great arteries", "D": "Tetralogy of fallot", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

B

Pulmonary atresia

MedMCQA_validation

A blue new born presents with cyanosis. The X–ray chest reveal oligaemic lung field and normal sized heart. Most likely diagnosis is – A. Ebstein's anomaly B. Pulmonary atresia C. Transposition of great arteries D. Tetralogy of fallot Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

27. The lateral spread of dental caries is facilitated mostly by the

{ "A": "Enamel spindles", "B": "Dentinoenamel junction", "C": "Enamel lamellae", "D": "Striae of Retzius", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

B

Dentinoenamel junction

MedMCQA_validation

27. The lateral spread of dental caries is facilitated mostly by the A. Enamel spindles B. Dentinoenamel junction C. Enamel lamellae D. Striae of Retzius Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

A second-year PG resident tells you to perform an ABG of a patient. All of the following are true about performing an ABG except:

{ "A": "Before performing the ABG, syringe should be loaded with 0.3 cc of heparin", "B": "Normal pH, HCO. and PCO, levels may not indicate absence of an acid-base imbalance", "C": "A different site should be tried i f modified Allen's test is negative", "D": "Radial aery is the preferred site", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

A

Before performing the ABG, syringe should be loaded with 0.3 cc of heparin

MedMCQA_validation

A second-year PG resident tells you to perform an ABG of a patient. All of the following are true about performing an ABG except: A. Before performing the ABG, syringe should be loaded with 0.3 cc of heparin B. Normal pH, HCO. and PCO, levels may not indicate absence of an acid-base imbalance C. A different site should be tried i f modified Allen's test is negative D. Radial aery is the preferred site Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

Respiratory rhythm generation center is located at:

{ "A": "Dorsal respiratory group", "B": "Pre-Botzinger complex", "C": "Ventral respiratory neurons", "D": "Pneumotaxic center", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

B

Pre-Botzinger complex

MedMCQA_validation

Respiratory rhythm generation center is located at: A. Dorsal respiratory group B. Pre-Botzinger complex C. Ventral respiratory neurons D. Pneumotaxic center Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

Gait apraxia is seen in thromboembolic episode involving:

{ "A": "ACA", "B": "MCA", "C": "PCA", "D": "Posterior choroidal aery", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

A

ACA

MedMCQA_validation

Gait apraxia is seen in thromboembolic episode involving: A. ACA B. MCA C. PCA D. Posterior choroidal aery Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

Heavy forces on periodontal ligament causes:

{ "A": "Hyalinization", "B": "Osteoclastic activity around tooth", "C": "Osteoblastic activity around tooth", "D": "Crest bone resorption", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

A

Hyalinization

MedMCQA_validation

Heavy forces on periodontal ligament causes: A. Hyalinization B. Osteoclastic activity around tooth C. Osteoblastic activity around tooth D. Crest bone resorption Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

About N. gonorrhoea, all are true except

{ "A": "Most common cause of urethritis in male", "B": "All stains are highly susceptible to penicillin", "C": "Wide spread axoregnic stains cause disseminated gonococcal infection", "D": "Found exclusively in human beings", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

B

All stains are highly susceptible to penicillin

MedMCQA_validation

About N. gonorrhoea, all are true except A. Most common cause of urethritis in male B. All stains are highly susceptible to penicillin C. Wide spread axoregnic stains cause disseminated gonococcal infection D. Found exclusively in human beings Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

A patient who was on ventilator and being ventilated for past few days, suddenly pulls out the endotracheal tube. What is the next step of management?

{ "A": "Assess the patient, give bag and mask ventilation and look for spontaneous breathing", "B": "Sta bag and mask ventilation and reintubate", "C": "Sedate and reintubate", "D": "Make him sit and do physiotherapy", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

A

Assess the patient, give bag and mask ventilation and look for spontaneous breathing

MedMCQA_validation

A patient who was on ventilator and being ventilated for past few days, suddenly pulls out the endotracheal tube. What is the next step of management? A. Assess the patient, give bag and mask ventilation and look for spontaneous breathing B. Sta bag and mask ventilation and reintubate C. Sedate and reintubate D. Make him sit and do physiotherapy Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

In a 6-month-old child, thick curd like white patch appears on the buccal mucosa. On rubbing it leaves an erythematous patch. Most likely diagnosis is:

{ "A": "Tuberculosis", "B": "Lichen planus", "C": "Lupus erythematous", "D": "Candidiasis", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

D

Candidiasis

MedMCQA_validation

In a 6-month-old child, thick curd like white patch appears on the buccal mucosa. On rubbing it leaves an erythematous patch. Most likely diagnosis is: A. Tuberculosis B. Lichen planus C. Lupus erythematous D. Candidiasis Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

Characteristic of venous blood flow of lower limb in duplex Doppler is?

{ "A": "Monophasic", "B": "Biphasic", "C": "Triphasic", "D": "Non phasic", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

A

Monophasic

MedMCQA_validation

Characteristic of venous blood flow of lower limb in duplex Doppler is? A. Monophasic B. Biphasic C. Triphasic D. Non phasic Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

The source of calcium ions of a calcific bridge in a tooth in which calcium hydroxide pulpotomy has been performed is:

{ "A": "Blood vessel borne", "B": "Derided cells", "C": "Dentin", "D": "From the calcium hydroxide", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

A

Blood vessel borne

MedMCQA_validation

The source of calcium ions of a calcific bridge in a tooth in which calcium hydroxide pulpotomy has been performed is: A. Blood vessel borne B. Derided cells C. Dentin D. From the calcium hydroxide Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

2, 3-BPG binds to sites of haemoglobin and the affinity for oxygen

{ "A": "4, decreases", "B": "1, decreases", "C": "4, increases", "D": "1, increases", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

B

1, decreases

MedMCQA_validation

2, 3-BPG binds to sites of haemoglobin and the affinity for oxygen A. 4, decreases B. 1, decreases C. 4, increases D. 1, increases Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

Highest concentration of oxygen is delivered through?

{ "A": "Nasal cannula", "B": "Venturi mask", "C": "Bag and mask", "D": "Mask with reservoir", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

C

Bag and mask

MedMCQA_validation

Highest concentration of oxygen is delivered through? A. Nasal cannula B. Venturi mask C. Bag and mask D. Mask with reservoir Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

Sharpest cusp is seen in

{ "A": "Upper Canine", "B": "Lower Canine", "C": "Upper Premolar", "D": "Lower premolar", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

A

Upper Canine

MedMCQA_validation

Sharpest cusp is seen in A. Upper Canine B. Lower Canine C. Upper Premolar D. Lower premolar Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

A mother is Hbs Ag positive and anti Hbe Ag positive. Risk of transmission of Hep. B in child is:

{ "A": "20%", "B": "50%", "C": "0%", "D": "90%", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

A

20%

MedMCQA_validation

A mother is Hbs Ag positive and anti Hbe Ag positive. Risk of transmission of Hep. B in child is: A. 20% B. 50% C. 0% D. 90% Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

In a patient with competent lips together at rest, the lip line is opposite the tips of the upper incisors. The lip line is then described as

{ "A": "Average", "B": "High", "C": "Incomplete", "D": "Low", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

D

Low

MedMCQA_validation

In a patient with competent lips together at rest, the lip line is opposite the tips of the upper incisors. The lip line is then described as A. Average B. High C. Incomplete D. Low Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

A patient presented to emergency with overdose some drug. There were increased salivation and increased bronchial secretions. On examination, blood pressure was 88/60 mmHg. RBC esterase level is 50. What should be the treatment of this person?

{ "A": "Neostigmine", "B": "Atropine", "C": "Flumazenil", "D": "Physostigmine", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

B

Atropine

MedMCQA_validation

A patient presented to emergency with overdose some drug. There were increased salivation and increased bronchial secretions. On examination, blood pressure was 88/60 mmHg. RBC esterase level is 50. What should be the treatment of this person? A. Neostigmine B. Atropine C. Flumazenil D. Physostigmine Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

The current bar clasp design used is:

{ "A": "Mesio-occlusal rest", "B": "Disto-occlusal rest", "C": "Mesial or distal depending on the situation", "D": "Choice of the dentist", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

A

Mesio-occlusal rest

MedMCQA_validation

The current bar clasp design used is: A. Mesio-occlusal rest B. Disto-occlusal rest C. Mesial or distal depending on the situation D. Choice of the dentist Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

All of the following are true regarding Class-II inlay gingival margins preparation except?

{ "A": "Removal of week enamel rods", "B": "Increased metal burnishability", "C": "Lap sliding fit of metal margin", "D": "Margins of restoration in self-cleansable area", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

D

Margins of restoration in self-cleansable area

MedMCQA_validation

All of the following are true regarding Class-II inlay gingival margins preparation except? A. Removal of week enamel rods B. Increased metal burnishability C. Lap sliding fit of metal margin D. Margins of restoration in self-cleansable area Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

Breakdown of periodontal fibres in periodontitis is due to bacterial enzyme: (OR) Which of the following bacterial products have been implicated in initiation of inflammatory periodontal disease?

{ "A": "Collagenase", "B": "Hyaluronidase", "C": "Coagulase", "D": "None of the above", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

A

Collagenase

MedMCQA_validation

Breakdown of periodontal fibres in periodontitis is due to bacterial enzyme: (OR) Which of the following bacterial products have been implicated in initiation of inflammatory periodontal disease? A. Collagenase B. Hyaluronidase C. Coagulase D. None of the above Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

In a study, two groups of newborns are checked for their weights based on whether their mothers received food supplements or not. The appropriate test which can be used for comparing the data is:

{ "A": "Chi square test", "B": "Paired T-test", "C": "Student's T-test", "D": "Fischer exact test", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

C

Student's T-test

MedMCQA_validation

In a study, two groups of newborns are checked for their weights based on whether their mothers received food supplements or not. The appropriate test which can be used for comparing the data is: A. Chi square test B. Paired T-test C. Student's T-test D. Fischer exact test Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

Which vitamin is required for glycogen Phosphorylase?

{ "A": "PLP", "B": "TPP", "C": "Riboflavin", "D": "Lipoic acid", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

A

PLP

MedMCQA_validation

Which vitamin is required for glycogen Phosphorylase? A. PLP B. TPP C. Riboflavin D. Lipoic acid Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

A child's behaviour is traced to have dental difficulties from his mother. The most satisfactory method of handling the situation is to:

{ "A": "Introduce another child as a good example", "B": "Modify his fear by familiarization", "C": "Use small amounts of barbiturates", "D": "Use firmness", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

B

Modify his fear by familiarization

MedMCQA_validation

A child's behaviour is traced to have dental difficulties from his mother. The most satisfactory method of handling the situation is to: A. Introduce another child as a good example B. Modify his fear by familiarization C. Use small amounts of barbiturates D. Use firmness Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

Which of the following is the only complete cailage ring in the respiratory tree?

{ "A": "Cricoid cailage", "B": "Thyroid cailage", "C": "Cunieform cailage", "D": "Epiglottis", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

A

Cricoid cailage

MedMCQA_validation

Which of the following is the only complete cailage ring in the respiratory tree? A. Cricoid cailage B. Thyroid cailage C. Cunieform cailage D. Epiglottis Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

Steps of intubation - arrange in sequence:- a. Head extension and flexion of neck b. Introduction of laryngoscope c. Inflation of cuff d. Check breath sounds with stethoscope e. fixation of the tube to prevent dislodgement

{ "A": "ABCDE", "B": "DBCEA", "C": "ACBED", "D": "CBAED", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

A

ABCDE

MedMCQA_validation

Steps of intubation - arrange in sequence:- a. Head extension and flexion of neck b. Introduction of laryngoscope c. Inflation of cuff d. Check breath sounds with stethoscope e. fixation of the tube to prevent dislodgement A. ABCDE B. DBCEA C. ACBED D. CBAED Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

In Erythroblastosis fetalis not involved is –

{ "A": "Anti C", "B": "Anti D", "C": "Anti E", "D": "Anti Lewis", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

D

Anti Lewis

MedMCQA_validation

In Erythroblastosis fetalis not involved is – A. Anti C B. Anti D C. Anti E D. Anti Lewis Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

A dentist suffered from Hepatitis B infection 3 months back. His laboratory tests are normal, but he is not allowed by the medical board to do surgical practice. He is:

{ "A": "Inactive carrier", "B": "Healthy carrier", "C": "Convalescent carrier", "D": "Paradoxical carrier", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

C

Convalescent carrier

MedMCQA_validation

A dentist suffered from Hepatitis B infection 3 months back. His laboratory tests are normal, but he is not allowed by the medical board to do surgical practice. He is: A. Inactive carrier B. Healthy carrier C. Convalescent carrier D. Paradoxical carrier Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

A pediatrician in a district hospital with specialization neonatal care unit calls an ophthalmologist for consultation for which of the following?

{ "A": "A newborn with respiratory distress", "B": "A baby born at 28 weeks of gestation", "C": "Newborn with jaundice", "D": "A newborn with bih weight 2300 grams", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

B

A baby born at 28 weeks of gestation

MedMCQA_validation

A pediatrician in a district hospital with specialization neonatal care unit calls an ophthalmologist for consultation for which of the following? A. A newborn with respiratory distress B. A baby born at 28 weeks of gestation C. Newborn with jaundice D. A newborn with bih weight 2300 grams Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

In a child with active liver failure, the most important prognosis factor for death is –

{ "A": "Increasing transaminases", "B": "Increasing bilirubin", "C": "Increasing prothrombin time", "D": "Gram (–)ve sepsis", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

D

Gram (–)ve sepsis

MedMCQA_validation

In a child with active liver failure, the most important prognosis factor for death is – A. Increasing transaminases B. Increasing bilirubin C. Increasing prothrombin time D. Gram (–)ve sepsis Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

A patient went into shock immediately after normal delivery, likely cause:

{ "A": "Amniotic fluid embolism", "B": "PPH", "C": "Uterine inversion", "D": "Eclampsia", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

C

Uterine inversion

MedMCQA_validation

A patient went into shock immediately after normal delivery, likely cause: A. Amniotic fluid embolism B. PPH C. Uterine inversion D. Eclampsia Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

A patient presented with flat topped violaceous papules, thinning of nails and onycholysis. What is the microscopic finding observed in this patient?

{ "A": "Prominent necrotic cell", "B": "Suprabasal split", "C": "Basal cell degeneration", "D": "Acantholysis", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

C

Basal cell degeneration

MedMCQA_validation

A patient presented with flat topped violaceous papules, thinning of nails and onycholysis. What is the microscopic finding observed in this patient? A. Prominent necrotic cell B. Suprabasal split C. Basal cell degeneration D. Acantholysis Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

Which of the following is not. true regarding myelopathy?

{ "A": "Sensory loss of facial area", "B": "Brisk jaw jerk", "C": "Brisk pectoral jerk", "D": "Urgency and incontinence of micturition", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

B

Brisk jaw jerk

MedMCQA_validation

Which of the following is not. true regarding myelopathy? A. Sensory loss of facial area B. Brisk jaw jerk C. Brisk pectoral jerk D. Urgency and incontinence of micturition Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

Which of the following committees has recommended a 3-year bachelor degree in medical education for rural health service?

{ "A": "High level expe group of universal health program for india", "B": "Central bureau of health investigation", "C": "Srivastava committee", "D": "Sundar committee", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

A

High level expe group of universal health program for india

MedMCQA_validation

Which of the following committees has recommended a 3-year bachelor degree in medical education for rural health service? A. High level expe group of universal health program for india B. Central bureau of health investigation C. Srivastava committee D. Sundar committee Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

Sequential arrangement of fetal scans -

{ "A": "Growth scan", "B": "Triple marker", "C": "Anomalous Scan and NT scan", "D": "All", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

D

All

MedMCQA_validation

Sequential arrangement of fetal scans - A. Growth scan B. Triple marker C. Anomalous Scan and NT scan D. All Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

Which one of the following is a muscle splitting incision?

{ "A": "Kocher's incision", "B": "Rutherford-Morrison incision", "C": "Pfannenstiel incision", "D": "Lanz incision", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

D

Lanz incision

MedMCQA_validation

Which one of the following is a muscle splitting incision? A. Kocher's incision B. Rutherford-Morrison incision C. Pfannenstiel incision D. Lanz incision Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

Multiple canals in mandibular premolars are seen in?

{ "A": "Africas", "B": "Caucians", "C": "Not Recalled", "D": "Not Recalled", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

A

Africas

MedMCQA_validation

Multiple canals in mandibular premolars are seen in? A. Africas B. Caucians C. Not Recalled D. Not Recalled Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

Which of the following blade angle is appropriate for scaling and root planing

{ "A": "A", "B": "B", "C": "C", "D": "D", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

B

MedMCQA_validation

Which of the following blade angle is appropriate for scaling and root planing A. A B. B C. C D. D Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

Which pa of brachial plexus do not give branches

{ "A": "Root", "B": "Division", "C": "Cord", "D": "Trunk", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

B

Division

MedMCQA_validation

Which pa of brachial plexus do not give branches A. Root B. Division C. Cord D. Trunk Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

If the Rb gene phosphorylation is defective, which of the following will happen?

{ "A": "Cell cycle will stop at GI phase", "B": "Cell cycle will stop at G2 phase", "C": "The cell cycle will progress and the cell will divide", "D": "There will be no effect on cell cycle as for Rb gene phosphorylation is not needed", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

A

Cell cycle will stop at GI phase

MedMCQA_validation

If the Rb gene phosphorylation is defective, which of the following will happen? A. Cell cycle will stop at GI phase B. Cell cycle will stop at G2 phase C. The cell cycle will progress and the cell will divide D. There will be no effect on cell cycle as for Rb gene phosphorylation is not needed Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

Cumulative index is:

{ "A": "Russet's periodontal index", "B": "Ramjford's periodontal index", "C": "PMA (Massler and Schlour)", "D": "Gingival index (Loe and Silness)", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

C

PMA (Massler and Schlour)

MedMCQA_validation

Cumulative index is: A. Russet's periodontal index B. Ramjford's periodontal index C. PMA (Massler and Schlour) D. Gingival index (Loe and Silness) Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

The cells which will proliferate from top to bottom of villi are:

{ "A": "Chief cells", "B": "Goblet cells", "C": "Paneth cells", "D": "Parietal cells", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

C

Paneth cells

MedMCQA_validation

The cells which will proliferate from top to bottom of villi are: A. Chief cells B. Goblet cells C. Paneth cells D. Parietal cells Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

What is the usual weight of rabbit used in ophthalmological experiments?

{ "A": "0.5-1 kg", "B": "1.5-2.5 kg", "C": "5-7 kg", "D": "10-12 kg", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

B

1.5-2.5 kg

MedMCQA_validation

What is the usual weight of rabbit used in ophthalmological experiments? A. 0.5-1 kg B. 1.5-2.5 kg C. 5-7 kg D. 10-12 kg Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

In plasmodium vivax malaria, relapse is caused by:September 2012

{ "A": "Sporozoite", "B": "Schizont", "C": "Hypnozoite", "D": "Gamteocyte", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

C

Hypnozoite

MedMCQA_validation

In plasmodium vivax malaria, relapse is caused by:September 2012 A. Sporozoite B. Schizont C. Hypnozoite D. Gamteocyte Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

Retraction of mandible is achieved by:

{ "A": "Lateral pterygoid", "B": "Temporalis", "C": "Medial pterygoid", "D": "Masseter", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

B

Temporalis

MedMCQA_validation

Retraction of mandible is achieved by: A. Lateral pterygoid B. Temporalis C. Medial pterygoid D. Masseter Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

How is modified shock index represented as?

{ "A": "HR/MAP", "B": "MAP/HR", "C": "HR/SBP", "D": "HR/DBP", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

A

HR/MAP

MedMCQA_validation

How is modified shock index represented as? A. HR/MAP B. MAP/HR C. HR/SBP D. HR/DBP Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

A 3 week neonate with ambiguous genitalia presented with Na+ 127 meq/L, K+ 7.2 meq/L wit BP 52/24 mm Hg and he was managed with IV fluids. What is the next step of management?

{ "A": "Spironolactone", "B": "Hydrocoisone administration", "C": "Broad spectrum antibiotics", "D": "Calcium gluconate", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

B

Hydrocoisone administration

MedMCQA_validation

A 3 week neonate with ambiguous genitalia presented with Na+ 127 meq/L, K+ 7.2 meq/L wit BP 52/24 mm Hg and he was managed with IV fluids. What is the next step of management? A. Spironolactone B. Hydrocoisone administration C. Broad spectrum antibiotics D. Calcium gluconate Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

Base pairs in DNA

{ "A": "1.5 billion", "B": "46 billions", "C": "3.2 billion", "D": "100 billion", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

C

3.2 billion

MedMCQA_validation

Base pairs in DNA A. 1.5 billion B. 46 billions C. 3.2 billion D. 100 billion Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

Which of the following is a solid solution?

{ "A": "Amalgam", "B": "Cobalt-chromium", "C": "Silver-palladium", "D": "Gallium-silver", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

C

Silver-palladium

MedMCQA_validation

Which of the following is a solid solution? A. Amalgam B. Cobalt-chromium C. Silver-palladium D. Gallium-silver Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

Tracheal secretions should be suctioned for:

{ "A": "10-15 seconds", "B": "60 seconds", "C": "30 seconds", "D": "3 minutes", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

A

10-15 seconds

MedMCQA_validation

Tracheal secretions should be suctioned for: A. 10-15 seconds B. 60 seconds C. 30 seconds D. 3 minutes Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

A patient presents with carcinoma of the larynx involving the left false cords, left arytenoid and the left aryepiglottic folds with bilateral mobile true cords. Treatment of choice is -

{ "A": "Vertical hemilaryngectomy", "B": "Horizontal partial hemilaryngectomy", "C": "Total laryngectomy", "D": "Radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

A

Vertical hemilaryngectomy

MedMCQA_validation

A patient presents with carcinoma of the larynx involving the left false cords, left arytenoid and the left aryepiglottic folds with bilateral mobile true cords. Treatment of choice is - A. Vertical hemilaryngectomy B. Horizontal partial hemilaryngectomy C. Total laryngectomy D. Radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

Which of the following lipoproteins does not move towards charged end in electrophoresis?

{ "A": "VLDL", "B": "LDL", "C": "HDL", "D": "Chylomicrons", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

D

Chylomicrons

MedMCQA_validation

Which of the following lipoproteins does not move towards charged end in electrophoresis? A. VLDL B. LDL C. HDL D. Chylomicrons Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

A 60 years old male presented with fever, chills and dysuria. Patient was hospitalized in emergency for 5 days. PSA level was 7.4. Next best step in this patient:

{ "A": "Repeat PSA", "B": "TURP", "C": "TRUS guided biopsy", "D": "Antibiotics and admit", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

D

Antibiotics and admit

MedMCQA_validation

A 60 years old male presented with fever, chills and dysuria. Patient was hospitalized in emergency for 5 days. PSA level was 7.4. Next best step in this patient: A. Repeat PSA B. TURP C. TRUS guided biopsy D. Antibiotics and admit Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

Name the structure marked with arrow

{ "A": "Mitochondria", "B": "Golgi bodies", "C": "Secretory vesicles", "D": "Rough Endoplasmic reticulum", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

C

Secretory vesicles

MedMCQA_validation

Name the structure marked with arrow A. Mitochondria B. Golgi bodies C. Secretory vesicles D. Rough Endoplasmic reticulum Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

A patient from,nqh-eastern states was diagnosed to have infection with P. falciparum malaria. What is the most appropriate drug for this patient?

{ "A": "Aemether plus lumefantrine", "B": "Sulfadoxine plus pyrimethamine", "C": "Chloroquine", "D": "Mefloquine", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

A

Aemether plus lumefantrine

MedMCQA_validation

A patient from,nqh-eastern states was diagnosed to have infection with P. falciparum malaria. What is the most appropriate drug for this patient? A. Aemether plus lumefantrine B. Sulfadoxine plus pyrimethamine C. Chloroquine D. Mefloquine Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

Iron is present in all, EXCEPT

{ "A": "Myoglobin", "B": "Cytochrome", "C": "Catalase", "D": "Pyruvate kinase", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

D

Pyruvate kinase

MedMCQA_validation

Iron is present in all, EXCEPT A. Myoglobin B. Cytochrome C. Catalase D. Pyruvate kinase Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

The most common bone tumor that occurs in children is:

{ "A": "Osteosarcoma", "B": "Ewing's sarcoma", "C": "Metastatic carcinoma", "D": "Multiple myeloma", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

A

Osteosarcoma

MedMCQA_validation

The most common bone tumor that occurs in children is: A. Osteosarcoma B. Ewing's sarcoma C. Metastatic carcinoma D. Multiple myeloma Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

In a couple for treatment of infeility from the last four years, female paner is normal. Male paner has 0.8 ml semen volume per ejaculate on two repeated samples and absent fructose, with no sperms on examination under microscope. What is the next line of management?

{ "A": "Per-rectal examination to check ejaculatory duct obstruction", "B": "Give antioxidants", "C": "Testicular biopsy", "D": "Transrectal ultrasound to detect duct obstruction", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

D

Transrectal ultrasound to detect duct obstruction

MedMCQA_validation

In a couple for treatment of infeility from the last four years, female paner is normal. Male paner has 0.8 ml semen volume per ejaculate on two repeated samples and absent fructose, with no sperms on examination under microscope. What is the next line of management? A. Per-rectal examination to check ejaculatory duct obstruction B. Give antioxidants C. Testicular biopsy D. Transrectal ultrasound to detect duct obstruction Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

The zygomatic bone does not articulate with:

{ "A": "Frontal bone", "B": "Maxillary bone", "C": "Nasal bone", "D": "Temporal bone", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

C

Nasal bone

MedMCQA_validation

The zygomatic bone does not articulate with: A. Frontal bone B. Maxillary bone C. Nasal bone D. Temporal bone Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

Which of the following statements is true regarding medical aboion?

{ "A": "Ultrasound should be done in all cases", "B": "If the patient has an IUCD in-situ, it doesn't need to be removed", "C": "Can only be done up to 72 days", "D": "Only a person ceified under MTP act can perform medical termination of pregnancy", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

D

Only a person ceified under MTP act can perform medical termination of pregnancy

MedMCQA_validation

Which of the following statements is true regarding medical aboion? A. Ultrasound should be done in all cases B. If the patient has an IUCD in-situ, it doesn't need to be removed C. Can only be done up to 72 days D. Only a person ceified under MTP act can perform medical termination of pregnancy Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

Calcium ions triggers muscle contraction by binding to:

{ "A": "Actin", "B": "Myosin", "C": "Troponin", "D": "Tropomyosin", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

C

Troponin

MedMCQA_validation

Calcium ions triggers muscle contraction by binding to: A. Actin B. Myosin C. Troponin D. Tropomyosin Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

SD plasma destroys lipid enveloped virus. On SD plasma transfusion, which of the following infection is the likely possibility?

{ "A": "HIV", "B": "HAV", "C": "HBV", "D": "HCV", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

B

HAV

MedMCQA_validation

SD plasma destroys lipid enveloped virus. On SD plasma transfusion, which of the following infection is the likely possibility? A. HIV B. HAV C. HBV D. HCV Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

According to the intelligence quotient classification, a score of 90-110 is:

{ "A": "Low average.", "B": "Average", "C": "Superior", "D": "Mentally retarded.", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

B

Average

MedMCQA_validation

According to the intelligence quotient classification, a score of 90-110 is: A. Low average. B. Average C. Superior D. Mentally retarded. Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

Due to which of the following enzyme deficiency, vitamin C cannot be synthesised in humans?

{ "A": "L-Glucuronic acid oxidase", "B": "L-Gulonic acid reductase", "C": "L-Gulonolactone oxidase", "D": "L-Gulonolactone reductase", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

C

L-Gulonolactone oxidase

MedMCQA_validation

Due to which of the following enzyme deficiency, vitamin C cannot be synthesised in humans? A. L-Glucuronic acid oxidase B. L-Gulonic acid reductase C. L-Gulonolactone oxidase D. L-Gulonolactone reductase Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

In a patient of heart disease antibiotic prophylaxis for dental extraction is:

{ "A": "Amoxicillin.", "B": "Imipenem.", "C": "Gentamicin.", "D": "Erythromycin.", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

A

Amoxicillin.

MedMCQA_validation

In a patient of heart disease antibiotic prophylaxis for dental extraction is: A. Amoxicillin. B. Imipenem. C. Gentamicin. D. Erythromycin. Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

Which of the following type of failure may occur, if the coefficient of thermal expansion of ceramic is much lower than that of metal?

{ "A": "Cohesive failure of ceramic", "B": "Adhesive failure of metal ceramic bond", "C": "Cohesive failure of metal", "D": "Cohesive failure of metal ceramic bond", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

B

Adhesive failure of metal ceramic bond

MedMCQA_validation

Which of the following type of failure may occur, if the coefficient of thermal expansion of ceramic is much lower than that of metal? A. Cohesive failure of ceramic B. Adhesive failure of metal ceramic bond C. Cohesive failure of metal D. Cohesive failure of metal ceramic bond Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

Anti monsoon curve seen in :

{ "A": "Premolar", "B": "Molar", "C": "Anterior", "D": "All of the above.", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

D

All of the above.

MedMCQA_validation

Anti monsoon curve seen in : A. Premolar B. Molar C. Anterior D. All of the above. Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

A 10 years old child has lytic lesions in upper femur, the differential diagnosis can be all except :

{ "A": "Plasmacytoma", "B": "Browns tumour", "C": "Metastasis", "D": "Histiocytosis", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

A

Plasmacytoma

MedMCQA_validation

A 10 years old child has lytic lesions in upper femur, the differential diagnosis can be all except : A. Plasmacytoma B. Browns tumour C. Metastasis D. Histiocytosis Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

During periradicular surgery bone is removed with?

{ "A": "Round burr", "B": "Double inverted cone burr", "C": "Fissure burr", "D": "Taper Burr", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

A

Round burr

MedMCQA_validation

During periradicular surgery bone is removed with? A. Round burr B. Double inverted cone burr C. Fissure burr D. Taper Burr Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

The primary function of the dental pulp is:

{ "A": "Nutritive", "B": "Production of dentin", "C": "Production of enamel", "D": "Vascular supply to the teeth", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

B

Production of dentin

MedMCQA_validation

The primary function of the dental pulp is: A. Nutritive B. Production of dentin C. Production of enamel D. Vascular supply to the teeth Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

Which of the following increases callus formation:

{ "A": "Rigid immobilization", "B": "Movement at fracture site", "C": "Compression plating", "D": "Intraosseous nailing", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

B

Movement at fracture site

MedMCQA_validation

Which of the following increases callus formation: A. Rigid immobilization B. Movement at fracture site C. Compression plating D. Intraosseous nailing Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

Child of Vasanthi was weaned from breast milk on the 5th day and was given sugarcane juice the child developed hypoglycemia and hepatomegaly biochemical examination showed hypophosphatemia and enzyme deficiencies–reducing substances in urine. The child is probably suffering from which of the following enzyme deficiencies –

{ "A": "Fructokinase", "B": "Aldolase B", "C": "Glucose 6 Phosphatase", "D": "Beta galactosidase", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

B

Aldolase B

MedMCQA_validation

Child of Vasanthi was weaned from breast milk on the 5th day and was given sugarcane juice the child developed hypoglycemia and hepatomegaly biochemical examination showed hypophosphatemia and enzyme deficiencies–reducing substances in urine. The child is probably suffering from which of the following enzyme deficiencies – A. Fructokinase B. Aldolase B C. Glucose 6 Phosphatase D. Beta galactosidase Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

Skeletal muscles

{ "A": "Contracts when calcium is taken up by sarcoplasmic reticulum", "B": "Contracts when actin and myosin filaments shorten", "C": "Contraction is initiated by calcium binding to troponin", "D": "Contraction is initiated by calcium binding to tropomyosin", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

C

Contraction is initiated by calcium binding to troponin

MedMCQA_validation

Skeletal muscles A. Contracts when calcium is taken up by sarcoplasmic reticulum B. Contracts when actin and myosin filaments shorten C. Contraction is initiated by calcium binding to troponin D. Contraction is initiated by calcium binding to tropomyosin Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

Which of the following is most effective for gluconeogenesis in starvation?

{ "A": "Acetyl Co-A stimulation of pyruvate carboxylase", "B": "Fructose-1, 6-biphosphate stimulation of phosphofructokinase-1", "C": "Citrate stimulation of acetyl carboxylase", "D": "Fructose-2, 6-biphosphate stimulation of phosphofructokinase-2", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

A

Acetyl Co-A stimulation of pyruvate carboxylase

MedMCQA_validation

Which of the following is most effective for gluconeogenesis in starvation? A. Acetyl Co-A stimulation of pyruvate carboxylase B. Fructose-1, 6-biphosphate stimulation of phosphofructokinase-1 C. Citrate stimulation of acetyl carboxylase D. Fructose-2, 6-biphosphate stimulation of phosphofructokinase-2 Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

Which is not involved in iron metabolism?

{ "A": "Transthyretin", "B": "Ceruloplasmin", "C": "Hepcidin", "D": "Ferropoin", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

A

Transthyretin

MedMCQA_validation

Which is not involved in iron metabolism? A. Transthyretin B. Ceruloplasmin C. Hepcidin D. Ferropoin Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

A 14 year girl presented with absent thelarche.On examination uterus was present. Investigations showed high FSH. karyotype is XY.What is the probable diagnosis?

{ "A": "Gonadal dysgenesis", "B": "Kallman syndrome", "C": "Androgen insensitivity syndrome", "D": "Adrenal hyperplasia", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

A

Gonadal dysgenesis

MedMCQA_validation

A 14 year girl presented with absent thelarche.On examination uterus was present. Investigations showed high FSH. karyotype is XY.What is the probable diagnosis? A. Gonadal dysgenesis B. Kallman syndrome C. Androgen insensitivity syndrome D. Adrenal hyperplasia Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

Reciprocal arm taper in

{ "A": "1 dimension", "B": "2 dimension", "C": "3 dimension", "D": "Not tapered", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

A

1 dimension

MedMCQA_validation

Reciprocal arm taper in A. 1 dimension B. 2 dimension C. 3 dimension D. Not tapered Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

Bluegrass appliance is used to treat:

{ "A": "Thumb sucking.", "B": "Tongue thrusting.", "C": "Both", "D": "Mouth breathing.", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

C

Both

MedMCQA_validation

Bluegrass appliance is used to treat: A. Thumb sucking. B. Tongue thrusting. C. Both D. Mouth breathing. Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

On a primary 2nd molar caries occur most commonly on

{ "A": "Occlusal pit and fissures", "B": "Proximal caries below contact point", "C": "Buccal surface", "D": "Promixal caries above contact point", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

A

Occlusal pit and fissures

MedMCQA_validation

On a primary 2nd molar caries occur most commonly on A. Occlusal pit and fissures B. Proximal caries below contact point C. Buccal surface D. Promixal caries above contact point Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

Waldeyer's lymphatic chain is formed by all except

{ "A": "Palatine tonsils", "B": "Pharyngeal tonsils", "C": "Tubal and lingual tonsils", "D": "Post auricular nodes", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

D

Post auricular nodes

MedMCQA_validation

Waldeyer's lymphatic chain is formed by all except A. Palatine tonsils B. Pharyngeal tonsils C. Tubal and lingual tonsils D. Post auricular nodes Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

Polydactyly, craniosynostosis, Late closure of fontanelles is a feature of:

{ "A": "Apert's syndrome", "B": "Crouton's syndrome", "C": "Pierre robin syndrome", "D": "Down' syndrome", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

A

Apert's syndrome

MedMCQA_validation

Polydactyly, craniosynostosis, Late closure of fontanelles is a feature of: A. Apert's syndrome B. Crouton's syndrome C. Pierre robin syndrome D. Down' syndrome Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

Physiological changes seen in laparoscopy include all except:

{ "A": "Increased ICP", "B": "Decreased FRC", "C": "Increased CVP", "D": "Increased pH", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

D

Increased pH

MedMCQA_validation

Physiological changes seen in laparoscopy include all except: A. Increased ICP B. Decreased FRC C. Increased CVP D. Increased pH Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

Which of the following nerve fibre types is least susceptible to LA blockade?

{ "A": "A beta", "B": "A alpha", "C": "B fibers", "D": "C fibers", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

B

A alpha

MedMCQA_validation

Which of the following nerve fibre types is least susceptible to LA blockade? A. A beta B. A alpha C. B fibers D. C fibers Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

A child born with multiple congenital defect including cleft palate, neural tube defect, atrial septal defect and microcephaly which of the following drug is used by mother during pregnancy:

{ "A": "Erythromycin", "B": "Isotretinoin", "C": "Ibuprofen", "D": "Metronidazole", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

B

Isotretinoin

MedMCQA_validation

A child born with multiple congenital defect including cleft palate, neural tube defect, atrial septal defect and microcephaly which of the following drug is used by mother during pregnancy: A. Erythromycin B. Isotretinoin C. Ibuprofen D. Metronidazole Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

Incorporation of peripheral seal in an impression is necessary to obtain;

{ "A": "Stability", "B": "Functionally moulded periphery", "C": "Harmonious occlusion", "D": "Posterior palatal seal", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

B

Functionally moulded periphery

MedMCQA_validation

Incorporation of peripheral seal in an impression is necessary to obtain; A. Stability B. Functionally moulded periphery C. Harmonious occlusion D. Posterior palatal seal Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

Increase in height of mandible with increase in interdental spaces in elderly man

{ "A": "Hyperpituitarism", "B": "Hyperthyroidism", "C": "Hypopituitarism", "D": "Hyperparathyroidism", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

A

Hyperpituitarism

MedMCQA_validation

Increase in height of mandible with increase in interdental spaces in elderly man A. Hyperpituitarism B. Hyperthyroidism C. Hypopituitarism D. Hyperparathyroidism Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

A patient has seasonal allergic rhinitis and is on terfenadine. He develops cardiac arrhythmias after a course of antibiotics. Which of the following antibiotic could have been given:

{ "A": "Ampicillin", "B": "Tetracycline", "C": "Erythromycin", "D": "Co-trimoxazole", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

C

Erythromycin

MedMCQA_validation

A patient has seasonal allergic rhinitis and is on terfenadine. He develops cardiac arrhythmias after a course of antibiotics. Which of the following antibiotic could have been given: A. Ampicillin B. Tetracycline C. Erythromycin D. Co-trimoxazole Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

Modulus of elasticity means:

{ "A": "Rigidity or stiffness of the material", "B": "Ability to be stretched with permanent deformation", "C": "Ductility of a material", "D": "Malleability of the metal", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

A

Rigidity or stiffness of the material

MedMCQA_validation

Modulus of elasticity means: A. Rigidity or stiffness of the material B. Ability to be stretched with permanent deformation C. Ductility of a material D. Malleability of the metal Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

Vwf factor is produced by:

{ "A": "Platelets", "B": "Endothelial cells", "C": "Neutrophils", "D": "Monocytes", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

B

Endothelial cells

MedMCQA_validation

Vwf factor is produced by: A. Platelets B. Endothelial cells C. Neutrophils D. Monocytes Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

Which of the following statement is false statement about snake-bites?

{ "A": "Anti-venom is not effective in humpnosed pit viper bite", "B": "Cobra venom is neurotoxic", "C": "Atropine premedication should be used before administering Neostigmine", "D": "Neostigmine has a role in krait bite.", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

D

Neostigmine has a role in krait bite.

MedMCQA_validation

Which of the following statement is false statement about snake-bites? A. Anti-venom is not effective in humpnosed pit viper bite B. Cobra venom is neurotoxic C. Atropine premedication should be used before administering Neostigmine D. Neostigmine has a role in krait bite. Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

A prosthetic appliance given to cover the palatal defect in patients with cleft palate is called

{ "A": "Artificial velum", "B": "Obturator", "C": "Removable prosthetic appliance", "D": "None of the above", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

B

Obturator

MedMCQA_validation

A prosthetic appliance given to cover the palatal defect in patients with cleft palate is called A. Artificial velum B. Obturator C. Removable prosthetic appliance D. None of the above Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.

Biofilm forming bacteria causes antimicrobial resist-ance by all of the following except:

{ "A": "Mechanical barrier", "B": "Increased excretion of antibiotics", "C": "Altered metabolism", "D": "Adherence", "E": null, "F": null, "G": null, "H": null, "I": null, "J": null, "K": null, "L": null, "M": null, "N": null, "O": null, "P": null, "Q": null, "R": null, "S": null, "T": null, "U": null, "V": null }

D

Adherence

MedMCQA_validation

Biofilm forming bacteria causes antimicrobial resist-ance by all of the following except: A. Mechanical barrier B. Increased excretion of antibiotics C. Altered metabolism D. Adherence Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.