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17,457 | en | Aiding Buffalo's Children has since been folded into the Community Foundation of Greater Buffalo, contributing to a variety of charitable funds. | [
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27,707 | en | Previous missions to Jupiter – such as Voyager 1, Galileo and New Horizons – had all observed lightning. | [
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7,027 | en | Morocco's claim to portions of western Algeria led to the Sand War in 1963. | [
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14,690 | en | Alpha Apodis is an orange giant of spectral type K3III located 430 ± 20 light-years away from Earth, with an apparent magnitude of 3.8. | [
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10,146 | en | In 1939, Italy led by Benito Mussolini, launched a military invasion of Albania, resulting to the exile of Zog and the creation of an Italian protectorate. | [
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42,574 | en | They are also used to determine the state of a threat and identify it. | [
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37,539 | en | Andhra Pradesh is a state in the southern coastal region of India. | [
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47,133 | en | The Senate still controlled North Africa, an important regional producer of grain, as well as Illyria and Macedonia, two strategic regions with several legions. | [
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19,074 | en | The migrations of Goths, of Vandals, Alans and Sueves, of Burgundians and, later, Lombards have been mentioned. | [
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56,305 | en | Alberta is home to only one venomous snake species, the prairie rattlesnake. | [
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31,083 | en | The executive branch of the government was composed of the President, the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers. | [
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58,691 | en | He died at age 175, and was buried in the cave of Machpelah by his sons Isaac and Ishmael. | [
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34,397 | en | It is the oldest municipal authority in Australia and was established in 1840, when Adelaide and Australia's first mayor, James Hurtle Fisher, was elected. | [
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12,231 | en | The first Ashkenazis who arrived in Amsterdam were refugees from the Khmelnytsky Uprising occurring in Ukraine and the Thirty Years' War, which devastated much of Central Europe. | [
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27,269 | en | This species was tamed and domesticated by humans approximately 10,000 years ago. | [
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23,782 | en | Other larger computers, such as UNIX or VAX workstations, would commonly be networked via Ethernet. | [
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47,761 | en | In the 1950s the goal of providing airborne forces with a parachute-capable self-propelled anti-tank weapon led to the deployment of the M56 Scorpion and M50 Ontos. | [
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41,047 | en | Northern Cape dialect may have resulted from contact between Dutch settlers and the Khoekhoe people between the Great Karoo and the Kunene, and Eastern Cape dialect between the Dutch and the Xhosa. | [
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11,654 | en | By 1450 the companies were divided into the field army, known as the grande ordonnance and the garrison force known as the petite ordonnance. | [
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26,471 | en | Antibodies are glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. | [
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41,763 | en | Nucleophilic abstraction can be used to separate an alkane from a metal. | [
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15,740 | en | Athenians were called cicada-wearers because they used to wear pins of golden cicadas. | [
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1,956 | en | Monoamine oxidase inhibitors Monoamine oxidase inhibitors are chemicals that inhibit the activity of the monoamine oxidase enzyme family. | [
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43,830 | en | The Ammonites soon allied themselves with Eglon of Moab in attacking Israel. | [
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1,749 | en | Early Mesozoic and Neogene plutonism in Bolivia's Cordillera Central created the Bolivian tin belt as well as the famous, now mostly depleted, deposits of Cerro Rico de Potosí. | [
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21,612 | en | Most units of angular measurement are defined such that one turn is equal to n units, for some whole number n. | [
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16,578 | en | Non-combat aircraft are not designed for combat as their primary function, but may carry weapons for self-defense. | [
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40,953 | en | More recently, in 2017, bacteria were found to be more resistant to antibiotics and to thrive in the near-weightlessness of space. | [
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48,549 | en | Euclid stipulated this so that he could construct a reductio ad absurdum proof that the two numbers' common measure is in fact the greatest. | [
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49,937 | en | Agnes, daughter of Joscelin II of Edessa, had lived in Jerusalem since the western regions of the former crusader County of Edessa were lost in 1150. | [
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23,077 | en | On August 20, 1971, a Pakistan Air Force T-33 military plane was hijacked prior the Indo-Pakistani war of 1971 in Karachi. | [
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56,129 | en | The word derives from the ancient Greek ἄσφαλτος ásphaltos, which referred to natural bitumen or pitch. | [
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15,714 | en | During late antiquity, the Tanukhids, Salihids, Lakhmids, Kinda, and Ghassanids were dominant Arab tribes in the Levant, Mesopotamia, and Arabia, they predominantly embraced Christianity. | [
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14,740 | en | I am sure that after five years, whenever the electric vehicle model is discussed, Delhi will lead the way. | [
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30,036 | en | Under Islamic rule, there was a Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain that lasted until at least the 11th century. | [
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3,236 | en | Brahmi script was also possibly derived or inspired by Aramaic. | [
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19,540 | en | Common ways of applying an adhesive include brushes, rollers, using films or pellets, spray guns and applicator guns . | [
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12,420 | en | The average salary amongst all PAs was $105,013. | [
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9,167 | en | Historically, specialized languages, such as Lisp, Prolog, and others, had been used. | [
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29,066 | en | He was the oldest of ten children born to Hugh Brunty and Eleanor McCrory, poor Irish peasant farmers. | [
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30,141 | en | With this invention Volta proved that electricity could be generated chemically and debunked the prevalent theory that electricity was generated solely by living beings. | [
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4,948 | en | The first direct foreign trade with Manaus commenced around 1874. | [
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6,430 | en | Within three weeks, Congress had overridden his veto, the first time that had been done on a major bill in American history. | [
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7,799 | en | Calthorpes' House in Red Hill is a well-preserved example of a 1920s house from Canberra's very early days. | [
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16,125 | en | The title of archimandrite used to mean something similar. | [
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24,230 | en | It is made from titanium and covered with mixed metal oxide. | [
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34,110 | en | The British and French retained the concept between the wars and into the Second World War era. | [
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20,066 | en | English: A single Google search requires more computing power than it took to send Apollo 11 to the Moon. | [
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5,002 | en | The thirteen colonial state legislatures independently funded and controlled their local militias. | [
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11,118 | en | Sergei Prokofiev, although initially reluctant to engage with works noted for their pessimism, became fascinated with Schopenhauer after reading Aphorisms on the Wisdom of Life in Parerga and Paralipomena. | [
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25,081 | en | They were deciphered in 1893 by the Danish linguist Vilhelm Thomsen in a scholarly race with his rival, the German–Russian linguist Wilhelm Radloff. | [
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29,410 | en | Carnegie spent energy and resources lobbying Congress for a continuation of favorable tariffs from which he earned millions of dollars a year. | [
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51,611 | en | 304H stainless steel has a higher carbon content, which makes it ideal for applications requiring good mechanical properties at elevated temperatures. | [
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30,942 | en | Though he was not enamored of the party's presidential nominee in 1852, former New Hampshire senator Franklin Pierce, Johnson campaigned for him. | [
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24,730 | en | As well as about 46 operas, Vivaldi composed a large body of sacred choral music, such as the Magnificat RV 610. | [
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41,238 | en | In 1171 CE, the Fatimid Caliphate was conquered by the Ayyubid dynasty, led by Saladin. | [
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6,775 | en | What kind of pasta do they eat in Italy? | [
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33,141 | en | Japanese cultivated seaweed by providing bamboo poles and, later, nets and oyster shells to serve as anchoring surfaces for spores. | [
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361 | en | Ecgbert had been a disciple of the Venerable Bede, who urged him to raise York to an archbishopric. | [
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27,973 | en | In ancient China, it was also used as a powerful tool to remove negative energies and drive away the hazards of daily life. | [
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17,202 | en | The abacus is still used to teach the fundamentals of mathematics to children in most countries. | [
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20,873 | en | As Patrick Smith, an airline pilot, summarizes: Throughout the mid-2000s, hijackings still occurred but there were much fewer incidents and casualties. | [
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18,185 | en | Anti-aircraft guns are usually mounted in a quickly-traversing turret with a high rate of elevation, for tracking fast-moving aircraft. | [
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37,238 | en | Does self-perceived health correlate with physician-assessed functional limitations in medical work disability assessments? | [
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58,600 | en | The University of Michigan is served by many student publications, including the independent Michigan Daily student newspaper, which reports on local, state, and regional issues in addition to campus news. | [
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51,571 | en | If other elements are bound to the carbon chain, the most common being oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and chlorine, it is no longer a hydrocarbon, and therefore no longer an aliphatic compound. | [
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29,343 | en | In all AA languages, consonants can be bilabial, alveolar, velar, and glottal, with additional places of articulation found in some branches or languages. | [
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6,776 | en | Aalen was assigned to the Electorate of Württemberg, which later became the Kingdom of Württemberg, and became seat of the District of Aalen. | [
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18,884 | en | Museums will be embedded into the delivery of education in every school in the country. | [
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"start": 34,
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"text": "delivery",
"emojis": "📦🚚➡️"
},
{
"start": 46,
"end": 55,
"text": "educatio... |
54,771 | en | The Afghan Sports Federation promotes cricket, association football, basketball, volleyball, golf, handball, boxing, taekwondo, weightlifting, bodybuilding, track and field, skating, bowling, snooker, chess, and other sports. | [
{
"start": 29,
"end": 37,
"text": "promotes",
"emojis": "📣⬆️"
},
{
"start": 38,
"end": 45,
"text": "cricket",
"emojis": "🏏"
},
{
"start": 47,
"end": 67,
"text": "association football",
"emojis": "⚽🥅"
},
{
"start": 69,
"end": 79,
"text": "bas... |
56,242 | en | Given that Thomas Aquinas died six years before Albert's death, this legend as stated is unlikely. | [
{
"start": 26,
"end": 30,
"text": "died",
"emojis": "💀⚰️"
},
{
"start": 35,
"end": 40,
"text": "years",
"emojis": "📅🔁"
},
{
"start": 57,
"end": 62,
"text": "death",
"emojis": "💀⚰️"
},
{
"start": 69,
"end": 75,
"text": "legend",
"emojis"... |
38,762 | en | Alberta is the world's second-largest exporter of natural gas and the fourth-largest producer. | [
{
"start": 15,
"end": 22,
"text": "world's",
"emojis": "🌍"
},
{
"start": 23,
"end": 37,
"text": "second-largest",
"emojis": "🥈📏"
},
{
"start": 38,
"end": 46,
"text": "exporter",
"emojis": "📦🚢🌍"
},
{
"start": 50,
"end": 61,
"text": "natura... |
7,604 | en | An aluminium stack melter produces significantly less dross, with values reported below 1%. | [
{
"start": 3,
"end": 12,
"text": "aluminium",
"emojis": "🥫⚙️"
},
{
"start": 13,
"end": 18,
"text": "stack",
"emojis": "📚⬆️🏭"
},
{
"start": 19,
"end": 25,
"text": "melter",
"emojis": "🔥🫠🏭"
},
{
"start": 26,
"end": 34,
"text": "produces",
... |
29,491 | en | In 1772, it became known that the Crown intended to pay fixed salaries to the governors and judges in Massachusetts, which had been paid by local authorities. | [
{
"start": 12,
"end": 18,
"text": "became",
"emojis": "🔄➡️"
},
{
"start": 19,
"end": 24,
"text": "known",
"emojis": "👥🧠✅"
},
{
"start": 40,
"end": 48,
"text": "intended",
"emojis": "🎯📝➡️"
},
{
"start": 52,
"end": 55,
"text": "pay",
"em... |
32,804 | en | The kings Seqenenre Tao II and Kamose were ultimately able to defeat the Nubians to the south of Egypt, but failed to defeat the Hyksos. | [
{
"start": 4,
"end": 9,
"text": "kings",
"emojis": "👑👑"
},
{
"start": 43,
"end": 53,
"text": "ultimately",
"emojis": "🏁✅"
},
{
"start": 62,
"end": 68,
"text": "defeat",
"emojis": "⚔️🏆"
},
{
"start": 97,
"end": 102,
"text": "Egypt",
"emo... |
46,408 | en | Secure on the throne, Afonso III then proceeded to make war with the Muslim communities that still thrived in the south. | [
{
"start": 0,
"end": 6,
"text": "Secure",
"emojis": "🔒🛡️✅"
},
{
"start": 14,
"end": 20,
"text": "throne",
"emojis": "👑🪑🏰"
},
{
"start": 38,
"end": 47,
"text": "proceeded",
"emojis": "➡️🚶"
},
{
"start": 51,
"end": 59,
"text": "make war",
... |
54,019 | en | Actinopterygii , members of which are known as ray-finned fish or actinopterygians, is a class of bony fish that comprise over 50% of living vertebrate species. | [
{
"start": 17,
"end": 24,
"text": "members",
"emojis": "👥"
},
{
"start": 38,
"end": 43,
"text": "known",
"emojis": "🧠💡"
},
{
"start": 47,
"end": 62,
"text": "ray-finned fish",
"emojis": "🐟🦴🌟"
},
{
"start": 66,
"end": 82,
"text": "actinopt... |
8,492 | en | The Romans used it as the name of their province, comprising the west of the peninsula plus the nearby Aegean Islands. | [
{
"start": 11,
"end": 15,
"text": "used",
"emojis": "🛠️"
},
{
"start": 26,
"end": 30,
"text": "name",
"emojis": "🏷️"
},
{
"start": 40,
"end": 48,
"text": "province",
"emojis": "🏛️🗺️"
},
{
"start": 50,
"end": 60,
"text": "comprising",
"e... |
50,998 | en | The type of forest we investigated is typical for the Northern European Plain. | [
{
"start": 4,
"end": 8,
"text": "type",
"emojis": "🏷️🔤"
},
{
"start": 12,
"end": 18,
"text": "forest",
"emojis": "🌲🌳🌲"
},
{
"start": 22,
"end": 34,
"text": "investigated",
"emojis": "🔍🧪"
},
{
"start": 38,
"end": 45,
"text": "typical",
... |
10,552 | en | People with hemophilia or other bleeding tendencies should not take aspirin or other salicylates. | [
{
"start": 0,
"end": 6,
"text": "People",
"emojis": "👥"
},
{
"start": 12,
"end": 22,
"text": "hemophilia",
"emojis": "🩸🧬⚠️"
},
{
"start": 32,
"end": 40,
"text": "bleeding",
"emojis": "🩸💧"
},
{
"start": 41,
"end": 51,
"text": "tendencies",
... |
53,703 | en | At the end of the Roman Empire , several variants of the cursive minuscule developed through Western Europe. | [
{
"start": 7,
"end": 10,
"text": "end",
"emojis": "🏛️🔚"
},
{
"start": 41,
"end": 49,
"text": "variants",
"emojis": "🔀📄"
},
{
"start": 57,
"end": 64,
"text": "cursive",
"emojis": "✍️〰️"
},
{
"start": 65,
"end": 74,
"text": "minuscule",
"... |
39,124 | en | Both the Sámi and the Ainu participate in the organization for Arctic indigenous peoples and the Sámi research office in Lapland . | [
{
"start": 27,
"end": 38,
"text": "participate",
"emojis": "🙋🤝👥"
},
{
"start": 46,
"end": 58,
"text": "organization",
"emojis": "🏢👥📋"
},
{
"start": 70,
"end": 80,
"text": "indigenous",
"emojis": "🏔️🌲🪶"
},
{
"start": 81,
"end": 88,
"tex... |
18,342 | en | Forty years later, astronomers Vera Rubin and Kent Ford found more evidence of dark matter by studying the motion of stars within spiral galaxies. | [
{
"start": 6,
"end": 11,
"text": "years",
"emojis": "📅⏳"
},
{
"start": 19,
"end": 30,
"text": "astronomers",
"emojis": "🔭👩🔬🌌"
},
{
"start": 56,
"end": 61,
"text": "found",
"emojis": "🔍✅"
},
{
"start": 67,
"end": 75,
"text": "evidence",
... |
30,566 | en | Tertiary alcohols eliminate easily at just above room temperature, but primary alcohols require a higher temperature. | [
{
"start": 0,
"end": 8,
"text": "Tertiary",
"emojis": "3️⃣🧪"
},
{
"start": 9,
"end": 17,
"text": "alcohols",
"emojis": "🍺🧪"
},
{
"start": 18,
"end": 27,
"text": "eliminate",
"emojis": "🧪➡️🚪"
},
{
"start": 28,
"end": 34,
"text": "easily",
... |
4,305 | en | Ku and Qi , each composed of two stars, were located in the same region. | [
{
"start": 17,
"end": 25,
"text": "composed",
"emojis": "🧩🏗️"
},
{
"start": 33,
"end": 38,
"text": "stars",
"emojis": "⭐✨"
},
{
"start": 45,
"end": 52,
"text": "located",
"emojis": "📍🗺️"
},
{
"start": 65,
"end": 71,
"text": "region",
"e... |
23,842 | en | The 2007 Cricket World Cup was hosted in the West Indies from 11 March to 28 April 2007. | [
{
"start": 31,
"end": 37,
"text": "hosted",
"emojis": "🏟️🤝🏏"
},
{
"start": 65,
"end": 70,
"text": "March",
"emojis": "🌷📅"
},
{
"start": 77,
"end": 82,
"text": "April",
"emojis": "🌸📅"
}
] |
3,297 | en | After the Emancipation Proclamation, Chinese American men married African American women in high proportions to their total marriage numbers due to few Chinese American women being in the United States. | [
{
"start": 54,
"end": 57,
"text": "men",
"emojis": "👨"
},
{
"start": 58,
"end": 65,
"text": "married",
"emojis": "💍👰🤵"
},
{
"start": 83,
"end": 88,
"text": "women",
"emojis": "👩"
},
{
"start": 92,
"end": 96,
"text": "high",
"emojis": "... |
55,001 | en | Mercury dissolves many metals, such as gold, silver, and tin, to form amalgams . | [
{
"start": 0,
"end": 7,
"text": "Mercury",
"emojis": "🌡️💧"
},
{
"start": 8,
"end": 17,
"text": "dissolves",
"emojis": "🧪➡️💧"
},
{
"start": 23,
"end": 29,
"text": "metals",
"emojis": "🔩⛓️"
},
{
"start": 39,
"end": 43,
"text": "gold",
"e... |
End of preview. Expand in Data Studio
YAML Metadata Warning:The task_categories "text2text-generation" is not in the official list: text-classification, token-classification, table-question-answering, question-answering, zero-shot-classification, translation, summarization, feature-extraction, text-generation, fill-mask, sentence-similarity, text-to-speech, text-to-audio, automatic-speech-recognition, audio-to-audio, audio-classification, audio-text-to-text, voice-activity-detection, depth-estimation, image-classification, object-detection, image-segmentation, text-to-image, image-to-text, image-to-image, image-to-video, unconditional-image-generation, video-classification, reinforcement-learning, robotics, tabular-classification, tabular-regression, tabular-to-text, table-to-text, multiple-choice, text-ranking, text-retrieval, time-series-forecasting, text-to-video, image-text-to-text, image-text-to-image, image-text-to-video, visual-question-answering, document-question-answering, zero-shot-image-classification, graph-ml, mask-generation, zero-shot-object-detection, text-to-3d, image-to-3d, image-feature-extraction, video-text-to-text, keypoint-detection, visual-document-retrieval, any-to-any, video-to-video, other
Emojinize Multilingual
108,478 sentences across 14 languages, each annotated with character-offset spans and a corresponding emoji sequence. Produced by a two-stage LLM pipeline (span marking, then emojization) using gpt-5.4 and gpt-5.5. Created as part of an MSc thesis at EPFL.
Loading
from datasets import load_dataset
# All languages (default):
ds = load_dataset("Luturtun/emojinize-multilingual")
# Single language:
en = load_dataset("Luturtun/emojinize-multilingual", "en")
vi = load_dataset("Luturtun/emojinize-multilingual", "vi") # test only
Schema
Each row is one sentence.
| field | type | description |
|---|---|---|
id |
int64 | Sentence id. |
lang |
string | ISO language code. |
sentence |
string | Raw sentence. |
spans |
list of structs | Annotated spans. |
Each spans element: start (int32, inclusive), end (int32, exclusive), text (string), emojis (string). Invariant: sentence[start:end] == text. Offsets are Unicode character offsets.
{
"id": 3516, "lang": "en",
"sentence": "A drivers' license suspension is one of the primary sentences that you can receive.",
"spans": [
{"start": 2, "end": 18, "text": "drivers' license", "emojis": "🪪🚗✅"},
{"start": 19, "end": 29, "text": "suspension", "emojis": "🚫🪪⏸️"},
{"start": 44, "end": 51, "text": "primary", "emojis": "🥇⭐"},
{"start": 52, "end": 61, "text": "sentences", "emojis": "⚖️👨⚖️📜"},
{"start": 75, "end": 82, "text": "receive", "emojis": "📥🤲"}
]
}
Languages and splits
11 trained languages (en, zh, hi, es, ar, fr, ru, ja, tr, ko, sw) have train/validation/test splits (80/10/10, sentence-level, fixed seed). 3 held-out languages (pt, el, vi) have a test split only. The all config concatenates all languages per split.
| lang | train | validation | test |
|---|---|---|---|
| en | 7,706 | 963 | 964 |
| zh | 7,757 | 970 | 970 |
| hi | 7,346 | 918 | 919 |
| es | 7,730 | 966 | 967 |
| ar | 7,642 | 955 | 956 |
| fr | 7,708 | 964 | 964 |
| ru | 7,625 | 953 | 954 |
| ja | 7,750 | 969 | 969 |
| tr | 7,792 | 974 | 975 |
| ko | 7,765 | 971 | 971 |
| sw | 7,913 | 989 | 990 |
| pt (held-out) | , | , | 846 |
| el (held-out) | , | , | 840 |
| vi (held-out) | , | , | 867 |
| all | 84,734 | 10,592 | 13,152 |
License and attribution
Released under CC-BY-4.0. Raw sentences are derived from agentlans/high-quality-multilingual-sentences (CC-BY-4.0, all languages except sw) and castorini/afriberta-corpus (Apache-2.0, sw; mostly BBC News and Common Crawl). Span and emoji annotations are OpenAI model outputs (gpt-5.4, gpt-5.5); downstream users should comply with OpenAI's Terms of Use.
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