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a joint distraction device for use in an arthroscopic surgery is provided . the device has a joint distraction mechanism , situated in between two bone fixation surfaces , and is capable of changing the relative distance between these two surfaces . the force generated by the mechanism should be sufficient to insert bone spikes affixed to the surfaces into bone , as well as distract the joint to create a sufficient enough gap to allow the intended procedure . with the surfaces and spikes engaged to bone at opposite sites of a joint , an increase in distraction force results in an increase in the relative distance results , hence increasing the space within the joint . embodiments of this invention , compared to fracture table approaches , effectively eliminate the risk of pudendal nerve injury , allow for longer surgical times , and allow for much more controllable joint distraction .
| 0Human Necessities
|
a stereoscopic retinal camera which enables the stereoscopic observation of the fundus of the eye and is capable of photographing the stereoscopic picture of the fundus by dividing a light beam reflected by the fundus into two light beams and transmitting the two light beams respectively along the light paths of separate image forming optical systems . and according to the stereoscopic retinal camera , each portion of the fundus and the front portion of the eye is photographed by a focus adjustment device , and an inter - image pitch between a right image and a left image of photographing the fundus and / or the front portion of the eye is corrected by an optical correcting device , whereby the inter - image pitch caused by a difference of refracting power or by a change of stereoscopic visual angle is obtainable not to be changed .
| 0Human Necessities
|
a process and an apparatus for recovering clay and fiber from papermaking sludge . the sludge is dried , milled , and separated into distinct clay and fiber components . the fiber component of the sludge is then used as an alternative fuel source . the clay component can be used as recycle into the papermaking process , a masonry additive , or for any other suitable purpose .
| 8General tagging of new or cross-sectional technology
|
an improvement for lift equipment having a lift cage and a counterweight movable in a lift shaft with travel buffers at at least one end permits override of safety brake operation when buffer travel occurs . the invention comprises a blocking device which blocks operation of the safety brake , and may include a blocking lever connected to a trip lever mechanism of the safety brake and a blocking element which controls the movement of the blocking lever .
| 1Performing Operations; Transporting
|
an optical transceiver for converting and coupling an information - containing electrical signal with an optical including a housing having an electrical connector with a plurality of xfi electrical interfaces for coupling with an external electrical cable or information system device and for transmitting and / or receiving an information - containing electrical signal having a data rate ate least 10 gigabits per second on each interface , and a fiber optic connector adapted for coupling with an external optical fiber for transmitting and / or receiving an optical communications signal having a data rate at least 40 gigabits per second ; and at least one electro - optical subassembly in the housing for converting between and information - containing electrical signal and a modulated optical signal corresponding to the electrical signals .
| 7Electricity
|
a semiconductor device , comprises : a transistor having structured to include a gate electrode formed on a semiconductor layer on a semiconductor substrate via a gate insulating film , and a source layer and a drain layer formed on the semiconductor layer sandwiching the gate electrode ; a hollow portion existing between the source layer and the semiconductor substrate , and between the drain layer and the semiconductor substrate , respectively ; and the hollow portion in absence between the semiconductor layer under the gate electrode and the semiconductor substrate .
| 7Electricity
|
a method for wafer alignment includes forming a first alignment circuit within a first semiconductor wafer ; the first alignment circuit is configured to emit an optical signal . next , the first alignment circuit is activated upon receiving a first activation signal from a wafer bonding tool then the optical signal is sent to a second alignment circuit in a second semiconductor wafer in overlapping relation to the first semiconductor wafer . the second alignment circuit transmits a second activation signal to the wafer bonding tool and consequently the wafer bonding tool initiates an alignment technique between the first and second semiconductor wafers . the alignment technique uses the first and second alignment circuits for optical alignment .
| 7Electricity
|
a method for assembling electrical windings about an axis , the windings being strips and wound in alternating strata with their widths parallel with the axis , includes the steps : winding a first - wound winding in a winding path about the axis establishing a first stratum . arranging the first - wound winding to clear the winding path . winding one or more next windings to establish next - wound windings in the winding path until at least one next stratum is established . interleaving earlier - wound windings to establish the plurality of strata ; the interleaving including the steps of : rearranging a next - to - be - wound winding to realign with the winding path ; winding the next - to - be - wound winding in the winding path until a next stratum is established ; arranging the next - to - be - wound winding to clear the winding path ; and repeating steps through until the assembling is complete .
| 7Electricity
|
a monorail shifting device for a multi - gear variable - speed transmission with a gearshift rail , a shifting element and a selector element . the gearshift rail is arranged and can be displaced axially , in a transmission housing , and the shifting element is connected to the gearshift rail , fixed in the axial direction . the shifting element transmits axial shifting movement selectively to one of a plurality of shifting fork arms . relative to the transmission housing , the selector element is fixed in the axial direction on the housing . the shifting element and the selector element can pivot together about a central axis . a shift position detent acts between the shifting element and the selector element . furthermore , the monorail shifting device is typically incorporated into a multi - gear variable - speed transmission .
| 8General tagging of new or cross-sectional technology
|
an offset tape measuring tool marked with standard english measurements includes integrated indicia for quick determination of distance between bends for a given offset depth and offset angle when installing conduit . additional indicia may be included for the measurement of the shrinkage of the conduit with respect to the specified offset depths and angles . the integrated invention may be part of a standard tape measure strip to provide a convenient multi - purpose tool . the tool eliminates any external calculations or table reference typically necessary when bending conduit to clear an obstacle .
| 6Physics
|
a vessel which is divided into compartments receives medical and biological fluid wastes through inlet fitting . as the fluid is received , air in the vessel is displaced and is discharged through a vent line , either to atmosphere or to a vacuum source . when a level sensor senses that a level of fluid in the vessel is approaching a preselected maximum , a control circuit closes a valve in the vent line , blocking the discharge of air from the vessel and creating a backpressure that stops the receipt of further fluid . tubing connected to the fittings is disconnected from the patient or other source of fluid and a valve is manually opened to vent the vessel , allowing any residual fluid in the tubing to be drained into the vessel . a drain valve is opened to drain the vessel and the cleaning cycle is commenced . a fittings bell is placed over each inlet fitting such that water with entrained disinfectant from disinfectant reservoir disinfects the inlet nozzles inside and outside . the water with entrained disinfectant is also circulated through a metering reservoir to spray nozzles which spray down the interior surfaces of the vessel . after the nozzle and vessels have been decontaminated , the drain valve is closed and a valve is opened to empty the metered volume of disinfectant solution from the metering chamber into the vessel .
| 0Human Necessities
|
a method of assaying an endotoxin using the limulus amebocyte lysate component which comprises pretreating whole blood with nitric acid and a surfactant selected from among polyoxyethylene ethers represented by the following formula : ## str1 ## wherein n is an integer of from 8 to 40 ; or : ## str2 ## polyoxyethylene sorbitans , n - alkylglucopyranosides , sodium dodecylsulfate and lithium dodecylsulfate , which enables an efficient and accuate assay of an endotoxin .
| 6Physics
|
a controlled lighting system comprises a control system which transmits data and clock information to a plurality of light modules . the light modules each include at least two light elements and a control unit which is responsive to the data and clock information received from the control system to vary individually the amount of light emitted by each of the light elements in each light module . contemplated uses of the controlled lighting system include decorative lighting , illuminated display signs , etc .
| 6Physics
|
an apparatus for cleaning an armrest belt conveyor of an escalator . the apparatus permits use of the escalator during cleaning . preferably , excess cleaner can be scraped off from the conveyor and reused .
| 1Performing Operations; Transporting
|
a backlight control device for controlling a driving current of an led is disclosed . by controlling current outputs from current sources of a plurality of current output units , a display will be able to generate desirable backlight . then by adjusting currents output by the plurality of current output units , brightness of a plurality of pixels can be dynamically adjusted . the brightness of pixels with higher gray levels can be increased while the brightness of pixels with lower gray levels can be decreased , thereby improving the contrast of image and saving power consumption .
| 8General tagging of new or cross-sectional technology
|
a transport system suited for transporting a turbine engine mounted to an engine docking unit is provided . the transport system is capable of adjusting the attitude of the docking unit in at least the lateral and longitudinal directions relative to the engine to facilitate the loading and unloading of the turbine engine to and from the transport system .
| 1Performing Operations; Transporting
|
a process for preparing a multi - component catalyst for producing methacrylic acid containing phosphorus , molybdenum and vanadium comprising using in preparing the catalyst , at least one number selected from the group consisting of the oxide , carbonates , acetates and hydroxides of each catalyst - constituting element as a source of the element ; dissolving or dispersing the selected sources of the catalyst - constituting elements in water ; adding at least one member selected from the group consisting of ammonium carbonate , ammonium hydrogen - carbonate , ammonium sulfate and ammonium hydrogen - sulfate to the resulting aqueous solution or dispersion ; removing water therefrom and then heat - treating the residual product .
| 2Chemistry; Metallurgy
|
the invention relates to a β flexible computer input β, determined from the data from a touch - sensitive input surface for fingertip positions and pressure trigger regions in comparison with a stored topography for the input signal of a computer . the base topography and the layout topography determined therefrom , can be changed and can thus be adjusted to ergonomically match individual hands and working practices . said topography may be dynamically altered : progressive changes may be made and allowed for , such that a matching of the inputs to individual practices occurs . an input surface which is as transparent as possible displays layouts or objects and works like a touchscreen or visualized touch area . an optional fine - motor feedback can be achieved by means of a surface of elastic construction with a determined geometry . the input is suitable for simplifying various tasks by the simultaneous recognition of two fingers .
| 6Physics
|
foams suitable for such uses as landfill coverage , frost protection , volatile emission control , gas control in mining , are composed of a hydrolyzable protein and a pre - gelatinized cationic modified starch along with other ingredients . the foam concentrate can be made at ambient temperature , is stable over time , can be easily tailored to achieve a desired foam stiffness and drain time characteristic over wide ranges , and can be easily diluted at ambient temperature to produce a foamable composition .
| 0Human Necessities
|
in a data processing system and an operating method therefor , a medical text is automatically read into an evaluation unit of the data processing system , medical terms are automatically searched for in the medical text using a rule set stored in the data processing system , a term identified by means of the rule set is compared with latin terms stored in a first databank , the identified term is compared with terms classified according to diagnosis criteria and stored in a second databank , and after evaluation of both databanks , the technical term is replaced by a corrected term .
| 6Physics
|
a method for the preparation of d - chiro - inositol from kasugamycin , comprising the steps of : reacting kasugamycin with an acetylating agent to form a crude hexa - acetate intermediate ; purifying the crude intermediate to form purified hexa - acetate intermediate ; deacetylating the purified intermediate to form d - chiro - inositol ; and isolating the d - chiro - inositol . the method permits efficient , large - scale preparation of d - chiro - inositol without the need for extensive chromatographic purification of the final d - chiro - inositol product .
| 2Chemistry; Metallurgy
|
in the check valve according to the invention , a narrowing of the inner chamber encompassing the closing body results in the fact that the closing body already reaches β and is damped in β its end position at a comparatively low delivery quantity , which significantly reduces vibrations and thus the generation of noise . the cross section of the inner chamber narrows , for example monotonically , in the opening direction of the closing body .
| 8General tagging of new or cross-sectional technology
|
an imaging optical system which is designed so as to be connecatable and disconnectable to and from an image guide , and arranged in a camera control unit . this imaging optical system is arranged between an image guide attached to the camera control unit and an image pickup device accommodated in the camera control unit in a condition integrated with said members , equipped with no eyepiece lens , used exclusively with a monitor tv and designed as a zoom lens system .
| 6Physics
|
a printing tower includes at least two printing groups which can each be controlled independently of the other by the entry of data into an operating unit . the operating unit is configured independently of the printing groups and can selectively exchange data with different printing groups .
| 1Performing Operations; Transporting
|
a computed tomography imaging method includes receiving an analog beam intensity signal from a computed tomography scanner and converting the signal into a series of digital representations of the signal at successive points in time using a predetermined sample rate . indications that a portion of the scanner has reached a certain position relative to the beam are received asynchronously with respect to the sample rate . the value of at least one of the digital representations is adjusted in response to the indications to obtain a corrected digital representation of the analog signal .
| 7Electricity
|
this invention is achieved by a pigskin dog chew processing method , which treats the semi - finished product - just like finished hide sheet or molded product in smoking processing to carry out coloring and tasting .
| 0Human Necessities
|
a portable , handheld battery - operated camera system is claimed . the camera is positioned atop a handle with a grip and comprises a finger - operated trigger for starting or stopping camera operation . the handle comprises a substantially hollow interior and a bottom concavity which detachably receives a rechargeable battery for powering the camera .
| 6Physics
|
an embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus , comprising a radio frequency switch capable of using tunable dielectric capacitors as the switching element . the apparatus may further comprise a cross connector connecting a plurality of ports and wherein at least one of the tunable dielectric capacitors may placed between the cross connector at and least one port , thereby enabling impedance variations between the cross connector and the ports . further , an embodiment of the present invention may provide at least one t connector between the cross connector and at least one of the plurality of ports , wherein at least one tunable dielectric capacitor may be associated with the t connector to vary the impedance in at least one node of the t connector .
| 7Electricity
|
a pyroelectric infrared detector for use in , for example , an intrusion alarming system has a pyroelectric element , a fet for picking up the output of the pyroelectric element , a capacitor connected in parallel to the pyroelectric element , and other circuit parts . these constituent parts are integrally packed in a package .
| 6Physics
|
a jig for assembling a rebar pier cage wherein certain of the individual jig elements are laterally and longitudinally adjustable to provide a jig capable of assembling rebar pier cages of various sizes and shapes . the jig elements comprise a plurality of rebar stirrup retaining elements removably secured within longitudinal openings in first and second , elongated channel bars which traverse a rectangular work surface in parallel relationship . opposite ends of the first and second channel bars are slidingly secured within longitudinal openings of third and fourth channel bars which laterally span the opposite , shorter edges of the work surface . means are provided to adjust the longitudinal spacing between each stirrup retaining element in the first and second channel bars , and also the lateral spacing between the first and second channel bars . the work surface is pivotally connected to a table frame whereby the work surface may be moved between horizontal and vertical positions with respect to the table frame and floor .
| 8General tagging of new or cross-sectional technology
|
electro - portable apparatus for producing steam applied to a surface , usable more particularly but not exclusively for ungluing wall coatings , having a housing containing a porous body impregnated with a liquid to be vaporized , the liquid being heated up to its temperature of vaporization , the housing 2 being subdivided by a partition wall 8 , 27 , into two compartments , namely a rear closed compartment 9 , 28 containing a steam generator 12 , 13 , which is formed of the porous body 12 impregnated with liquid and a heater 13 for heating this liquid , and a front compartment 11 , 29 forming a vapor cavity or &# 34 ; steam plate &# 34 ;, open to the outside , defined by a peripheral edge able to be applied on the surface 1 adapted to receive the vapor , and openings 31 being provided through the partition wall 27 to allow the passage of the steam , produced in the rear compartment 9 , 28 , towards and into the front compartment 11 , 29 constituting the vapor cavity or &# 34 ; steam plate &# 34 ;.
| 1Performing Operations; Transporting
|
a fragrant decorative jewelry accessory includes an infusion of fragrantly volatile molecules into the accessory , and an adhesive on the underside of the accessory intended to removably attach the accessory . fragrance may be infused on the accessory by soaking an absorbent material with the fragrantly volatile molecules , through a printing technique , through attaching encapsulated fragrance molecules onto the accessory or through the attachment of an fragrance layer onto the accessory . the fragrant decorative accessory can be removably attached to clothing , a bra strap , a choker or a hair accessory .
| 0Human Necessities
|
a sensing assembly for sensing a condition . the sensing assembly comprises a substrate and a thin - film circuit element disposed on the substrate . the thin - film circuit element is exposed to the condition and outputting an analog signal in response to the condition . the thin - film circuit element having a plurality of discrete layers operably joined together to output the analog signal .
| 7Electricity
|
a semiconductor substrate may be formed by providing an providing a semiconductor - on - insulator substrate including a base semiconductor layer , a buried insulator layer above the base semiconductor layer , and a soi layer comprising a first semiconductor material above the buried insulator layer ; forming an isolation region in the soi layer isolating a first portion of the soi layer from a second portion of the soi layer ; removing the second portion of the soi layer to expose a portion of the buried insulator layer ; forming a hole in the exposed portion of the buried insulator layer to expose a portion of the base semiconductor layer ; and forming a semiconductor layer made of a second semiconductor material on the exposed portion of the base semiconductor layer , so that the replacement semiconductor layer covers the exposed region of the buried insulator layer .
| 7Electricity
|
an arrangement for shifting a piece of furniture through an opening in a vertical partition , such as a wall of a vehicle includes a linkage system which maintains the orientation of the piece of furniture as it is moved between two extreme positions , wherein one of the positions is offset to be lower than the other position . when incorporated in a vehicle , the lateral offset between the two extreme positions is approximately equal to the height of the floor of the vehicle above a ground surface so that if the piece of furniture is a kitchen unit , such as a stove , its working surfaces will be at the same height for use inside the vehicle as when used in the outer position outside the vehicle .
| 1Performing Operations; Transporting
|
a first communication unit communicates with a first communication terminal device by using a first communication scheme . a second communication unit communicates with a second communication terminal device by using a second communication scheme capable of communication over a longer distance than the first communication scheme . a search instruction communicating unit communicates a search instruction to the second communication terminal device via the second communication unit , the search instruction including an identifier identifying a first communication terminal device , and instructing the second communication terminal device to search for the first communication terminal device by using the first communication scheme .
| 7Electricity
|
a stabilized latex with improved antimicrobial features is disclosed . in preferred embodiments , this latex comprises a mixture of 2 - bromo - 2 - nitro - 1 , 3 - propanediol and 4 , 4 - dimethyl - oxazolidine or 2 - bromo - 2 - nitro - 1 , 3 - propanediol and 1 -- 3 , 5 , 7 - triaza - 1 - azoniaadamantane chloride .
| 0Human Necessities
|
integrated circuit memory devices include an array of memory cells electrically coupled to a plurality of word lines and a word line driver circuit . the word line driver circuit includes a variable - width pulse generator having a first delay unit therein . the word line driver circuit is configured to drive a selected one of the plurality of word lines with a first word line signal having a leading edge synchronized with a leading edge of a clock signal and a trailing edge synchronized with a trailing edge of the clock signal when a one - half period of the clock signal is greater than a length of delay provided by the first delay unit . the word line driver circuit is further configured to drive the selected one of the plurality of word lines with a second word line signal having a leading edge synchronized with the leading edge of a clock signal and a trailing edge synchronized with an edge of a signal generated by the first delay unit when the one - half period of the clock signal is less than the length of the delay provided by the first delay unit .
| 6Physics
|
a semiconductor package for vertically surface mounting to a printed circuit board having retention apparatus for holding the package thereto .
| 7Electricity
|
a selfaligned process for a flash memory comprises applying a solution with a high etch selectivity to etch the sidewall of the tungsten silicide in the gate structure of the flash memory during a clean process before forming a spacer for the gate structure . this process prevents the gate structure from degradation caused by thermal stress .
| 7Electricity
|
an access panel is shown in the present invention to provide easy and safe access to an attic space or elevated structure . the access panel is fully automatic . during opening , the access panel only uses gravitational forces for opening a cover . only during closing is the access panel motorized . the gravitational forces are used to both open the cover and extend the ladder sections , while the motor is only used to retract the latter sections and close the cover . a stow latch keeps the cover closed during non - use . a safety switch keeps the access panel from accidentally opening and the ladder sections from lowering if the stow latch is released . a mechanical lock keeps the cover open when the ladder sections have been lowered .
| 4Fixed Constructions
|
the present invention generally relates to protectors for jewelry clasps . specifically , this invention relates to a removable apparatus for easily , completely and non - intrusively covering a clasp to wearable jewelry such that protection of both the clasp and the wearer is provided .
| 0Human Necessities
|
a controller for a converter is designed to receive from a measuring device measurement signals from an output line of the converter , and to analyze the measurement signals in order to generate a switching signal that has a switching frequency , wherein the controller comprises a sampler for generating a sample signal by sampling received measurement signals . the sampler is designed to perform the sampling at a sampling frequency that is less than three times the switching frequency . a converter comprises a controller in accordance with the invention .
| 7Electricity
|
direct contact to shallow junctions in integrated circuits and interconnection between these contacts is achievable by utilizing a specific aluminum cvd process . in this process the aluminum is deposited utilizing a triisobutyl aluminum precursor onto a substrate having a nucleation layer , e . g . a titanium nitride layer . by appropriate choice of this nucleation layer to control the nucleation of the depositing aluminum , suitable contact is made while avoiding void defects present in the absence of such layer .
| 7Electricity
|
methods of reducing an initial cross - sectional area of a hole in a component to a predetermined cross - sectional area including preparing a composition comprising at least an aluminum alloy with a melting temperature higher than aluminum , applying the composition to an interior surface of the hole , and then heating the component to cause a metal within the component to diffuse from the component into the composition and react with the aluminum alloy in the composition to form a coating on the interior surface of the hole . the heating step is performed to selectively modify the initial cross - sectional area of the hole and thereby directly attain the predetermined cross - sectional area thereof .
| 5Mechanical Engineering; Lightning; Heating; Weapons; Blasting
|
the invention relates to a router which may be used for amplification of a bidirectional optical signal using a single optical amplifier . an advantageous embodiment of the invention comprises two 3 db couplers which are serially connected via a delay element . according to the embodiment , the delay element comprises a difference in distance l between the two optical branches which connect the two 3 db couplers .
| 6Physics
|
the present invention generally relates to medical devices , particularly to a sds that incorporates a spring stent stop . the delivery system , owing to a novel stent stop construction , can be assembled , with the crimped stent in place within the outer sheath of the device , to enable the device to be assembled with considerably greater efficiency by eliminating processes and component .
| 0Human Necessities
|
a modular humeral prosthesis for replacement of the humeral head of a humerus . the prosthesis generally comprises a stem to be fitted to a resected humerus ; a head sized and configured to approximate the humeral head ; and an intermediate connecting member for connecting the stem to the head . the intermediate connecting member provides a desired angle of inclination or offset between stem and head . the head may be a traditional humeral head , or it may be an eccentric humeral head , with its mating portion being offset . the head may also comprise a groove or milled trench at least partially surrounding or otherwise defining mating portion . also disclosed is a modular humeral prosthesis kit comprising a variety of different intermediate connecting members that may be selected to fit the prosthesis to the patient , and a method of replacing a humeral head in a patient .
| 0Human Necessities
|
a method for producing images on a substrate with colour bodies thereon , the colour bodies losing a colour effect due to a laser and consisting of dyes or pigments contained in capsules . different colour bodies having at least three different colour effects are on or in the substrate . the method includes : producing a colour chart , with individual colour effect of individual colour bodies contained as a function of the spatial coordinates thereof on or in the substrate ; and spatially resolving radiation , which opens the colour effect of colour bodies of individual capsules and releases dyes by a laser at a single frequency on the basis of the colour chart in order to produce a resultant colour effect . substrates , like security documents , can be produced this method .
| 1Performing Operations; Transporting
|
a machine for automatically installing a molding strip onto the edge of a door panel . the door panel is covered with a soft , flexible material such as vinyl or cloth . the molding strip has a channel formed therein , which receives the edge of the door panel . a compression mechanism compresses the material in front of the molding strip as the molding strip is pushed by a drive mechanism onto the door panel edge the distance of the molding strip . the compression mechanism and the drive mechanism move in unison so that the compression mechanism is continuously compressing the material just in front of the molding strip as the strip is installed on the door panel edge .
| 1Performing Operations; Transporting
|
dihydroperimidine squarylium dyes have been found to be particularly effective when used in acutance and antihalation systems for photothermographic and photographic articles .
| 6Physics
|
a process for photochemically converting 3 - exomethylene cephams cephams or and 1 - oxacephams ) from the corresponding 3 - alkyl - 3 - cephem cephem or 1 - oxacephem ) is provided . further provided are 3 - cephams useful as intermediates to 3 - cephem compounds .
| 2Chemistry; Metallurgy
|
an optical transceiver is disclosed . the transceiver includes a receiver having adaptive electronic dispersion compensation circuitry on at least one optical channel . the adaptive electronic dispersion compensation circuitry provides diagnostics information to a host system . the transceiver can be an xfp , x2 , xenpak , sfp , sff , gbic or other type of transceiver . the diagnostics information can include information on the time variation of a quality of the optical channel and / or a measure of a worst state of the optical channel over a period of time . the diagnostics information can also be derived from a measure of a quality of an equalized receiver signal , a current tap weight value , and many other specific values .
| 7Electricity
|
a method of performing vertebral facet fusion by lateral approach and related devices . the lateral approach to facet fusion involves identifying the lateral mass and introducing any of the fixation methods known or described herein laterally at one or more facets through the use of a kirschner wire guide , a cannulated bone drill and cooperatively cannulated staple guide . a surgical bone staple have a perforated bridge is used across the lateral facet joint where fixation is required . where fusion is desired , a bone screw have lateral perforations of the shank is inserted through the cannulated staple guide and bridge perforation at the joint to promote fusion . a staple cap and graft container for overlay grafting may be utilized for additional fusion . the method involves less surgical time , reduced blood loss and discomfort for the patient as compared to the posterior approach .
| 0Human Necessities
|
a programmable integrated circuit utilizes a large number of intermediate - grain processing elements which are multibit processing units arranged in a configurable mesh . the coarse - grain resources , such as memory and processing , are deployable in a way that takes advantage of the opportunities for optimization present in given problems . to accomplish this , the interconnect supports three different modes of operation : a static value in which a value set by the configuration data is provided to a functional unit , static source in which another functional unit serves as the value source , and a dynamic source mode in which the source is determined by the value from another functional unit .
| 6Physics
|
a method is provided for depositing aluminum thin film layers to form improved quality contacts in a semiconductor integrated circuit device . all or some of the deposition process occurs at relatively low deposition rates at a temperature which allows improved surface migration of the deposited aluminum atoms . aluminum deposited under these conditions tends to fill contact vias without the formation of voids . the low temperature deposition step can be initiated by depositing aluminum while a wafer containing the integrated circuit device is being heated from cooler temperatures within the deposition chamber .
| 7Electricity
|
a system and method for creating a virtual private network through a vpn gateway configuration service . the vpn gateway configuration service inherits upnp zero - configuration characteristics and also provides an interface for configuring the vpn gateway that enables the configuration of any vpn gateway device , regardless of manufacturer . additionally , the device control protocol defined by the vpn gateway configuration service can provide client provisioning , as well as enabling the configuration of gateway - to - gateway virtual private networks .
| 7Electricity
|
a system includes a glare - blocking member including a left recess , a right recess , and a rail including , a left lateral portion including a left protrusion configured to mate with the left recess of the glare - blocking member , a right lateral portion including a right protrusion configured to mate with the right recess of the glare - blocking member , and a projecting contour disposed between the left and right lateral portions , wherein an apex of the projecting contour is disposed farther from a line passing through lower edge portions of the rail than is either the left or the right protrusion .
| 4Fixed Constructions
|
a method performs processing of biometric information to create multiple templates . this allows biometric systems to be flexible and interact with a plurality of vendors &# 39 ; technologies . specifically , a biometric sample is captured from a sensor and transmitted to a processing component . the biometric sample is then processed by a first algorithm to yield a biometric template and the template is stored and associated with a record identifier . the biometric sample is also processed by a second algorithm to yield a second template . the second template is stored and associated with the record identifier .
| 6Physics
|
a serial intelligent cell and a connection topology for local area networks using electrically - conducting media . a local area network can be configured from a plurality of sic &# 39 ; s interconnected so that all communications between two adjacent sic &# 39 ; s is both point - to - point and bidirectional . each sic can be connected to one or more other sic &# 39 ; s to allow redundant communication paths . communications in different areas of a sic network are independent of one another , so that , unlike current bus topology and star topology , there is no fundamental limit on the size or extent of a sic network . each sic can optionally be connected to one or more data terminals , computers , telephones , sensors , actuators , etc ., to facilitate interconnectivity among such devices . networks according to the present invention can be configured for a variety of applications , including a local telephone system , remote computer bus extender , multiplexers , pabx / pbx functionality , security systems , and local broadcasting services . the network can use dedicated wiring , as well as existing wiring as the in - house telephone or electrical wiring .
| 7Electricity
|
a modular system for the control of at least one compression system for the compression a fluid medium , said compression system comprising compressors and their controllers for the compression of the fluid medium , secondary treatment devices for the treatment of the medium delivered from the compressors , and piping systems for conducting the fluid medium to a place of consumption , said control system comprising a control unit containing a data processing system for controlling the compression system , a user interface including a display assodated with it and transmission means for the transmission of control data between the control unit , the controllers and pressure sensors . the transmission means consist of data communication buses , preferably serial communication buses and a data communication port unit serving to connect the bus to the control unit . the controllers and pressure sensors are connected to common data communication buses .
| 5Mechanical Engineering; Lightning; Heating; Weapons; Blasting
|
a method of forming an electroluminescent device comprising the steps of : providing a substrate comprising a first electrode for injecting charge carriers of a first type ; forming an electroluminescent layer having a surface by depositing onto the substrate a composition comprising a host material and a light - emitting dopant monomer of formula : a - c β n wherein x represents a polymerisable group ; a represents a light - emitting group ; c represents a bond or a spacer group and n is an integer ; rendering at least some of the electroluminescent layer insoluble in a solvent by polymerising the monomer of formula ; exposing the electroluminescent layer to the solvent ; and depositing a second electrode capable of injecting charge carriers of a second type over the electroluminescent layer .
| 8General tagging of new or cross-sectional technology
|
a method of manufacturing the rolled copper foil by a process which comprises hot rolling an ingot repeating cold rolling and annealing alternately , and finally cold rolling the work to a foil , the annealing immediately preceding the final cold rolling being performed under conditions that enable the annealed recrystallized grains to have a mean grain diameter of not greater than 20 ΞΌm , the reduction ration of the final cold rolling being beyond 90 . 0 %, whereby excellent flex fatigue property and adequate softening property are achieved .
| 8General tagging of new or cross-sectional technology
|
this invention provides a method for inhibiting or preventing the abnormal growth of cells , including transformed cells , by administering an effective amount of o - acylated heparin derivative . abnormal growth of cells refers to cell growth independent of normal regulatory mechanism . this includes the abnormal growth of : tumor cells ; benign and malignant cells of other proliferative disease in which aberrant cellular proliferation occurs ; aberrant smooth muscle cell proliferation , such as might occur following treatment for coronary atherosclerosis such as angioplasty or the insertion of a stent into an occluded vessel .
| 0Human Necessities
|
a windshield wiper construction adapted to provide for longitudinal sliding or shifting movement between the wiper element and associated flexor member relative to the associated superstructure and wiper arm , whereby to accommodate for variations in windshield curvature . the construction may be fabricated of a one - piece monolythic structure , thereby obviating the need for various connecting links and the like which have been utilized in the prior art and thus simplifying the fabrication , construction and assembly time and expenses to the extreme .
| 1Performing Operations; Transporting
|
a machine for stacking hay bales emerging from a hay baler in pyramidal stacks of six bales , has a supporting bed for receiving bales from a drop table . the bed is provided with a side panel and a pair of separator panels for separating rows of bales in the stack , the dividers being tiltable for orienting the bales into a pyramidal stack . the machine is mounted on wheels for towing , with the bed being pivotable from a substantially level position wherein the bales are collected , to a rearwardly dropped position for discharge of the bales onto a field in a pyramidal stack . improved discharge of pyramidal stacks is achieved by orienting the separator panels at an oblique angle relative to the line of travel of the machine whereby slippage of the bales from between the panels is facilitated .
| 0Human Necessities
|
the present invention relates to an electronic advertising system . more specifically , the present invention allows telephone users to create a β mailbox β at the point of responding to an ad , regardless of whether the ad originated on the telephone or on the internet similarly , internet users can create a β mailbox β at the point of responding to a personal ad on the internet , regardless of whether the ad originated on the telephone or via the internet . by giving both advertisers and respondents a β mailbox β, the present invention allows for anonymous communication until one or both are comfortable with giving out a means of contact . moreover , the communication can occur regardless of whether a user is on a telephone or on the internet . this provides additional safety for users of personal ad systems while preserving the ability for telephone users to communicate with internet users .
| 7Electricity
|
an optoelectronic laser module , in particular for dense wavelength division multiplex systems , is described . the laser module has a laser diode with an active region , an optical resonator containing a highly silvered reflecting surface and a bragg interference grating which provides frequency - selective feedback , and a housing which accommodates the laser diode and has a holder for coupling an optical conductor . the bragg interference grating is configured as a fiber bragg grating in an optical conductor and the optical conductor is connected to the housing via the holder . as a result , it is possible with the use of standard components to provide a laser having an external resonator whose emission wavelength can be set in a simple way by suitable selection of the fiber bragg grating .
| 7Electricity
|
a method and apparatus for actively simulating an apparent termination input impedance to a current driven data communication equipment device is disclosed . the dce device utilizes several components to implement the apparent termination impedance . a first component is a current driver for providing a source of current within the dce device . the current source is configured to actively drive an input - output signal line within a communication link . the current driven dce also includes a mechanism for sensing an input - output signal line voltage , a mechanism for converting the sensed voltage to a feed back current and an active termination for simulating an apparent termination impedance . the converting mechanism is coupled to a summation node which sums current provided from the current driver and current from the converting mechanism to force the desired termination impedance in the dce device , whilst performing dce current drive function .
| 7Electricity
|
a wireless bidirectional communication system and method for tracking smart tags affixed to assets located within a defined area . asset tracking is provided by a central processor operated by a user . the central processor combined with communication modules communicates with the system tags for deriving corresponding assets &# 39 ; locations . communication is synchronized by way of broadcasting a clock generator signal over the communication link . the broadcasted clock signal is further used by the system for generating distinct time slots assigned to a tag by demand . synchronizing the communication between the tags and the central processor is beneficial for maintaining reliable and short messages across the data link and maintaining low power draw from the tag battery .
| 8General tagging of new or cross-sectional technology
|
an electrical connector for the connection of electrical devices for data transfer comprises a plurality of conductive elements , each having a central spring area with elongated looped ends as the contact points . the conductive elements are housed in a non - conductive body .
| 7Electricity
|
apparatus is provided whereby maximum options for the treatment of steel rod in direct sequence with rolling are available within a single piece of equipment , all on a single treatment line , and all at convenient , labor free , push - button control . maximum application of heat to the rod is provided for heat treating , slow - cooling or intermittent reheat cooling or treating , and alternatively maximum application of cooling air is available by means of individually controllable air ducts and guides associated with each roller conveyor for applying air at different pressures both across and / or along the conveyor . special means for applying forced air to the rod through outlets in contact with the rod assure maximum penetration of cooling air into the dense parts of the lay . special forms of rollers are provided for applying cooling air to the rod and to the rollers as well as for supporting rod during heat treatment .
| 2Chemistry; Metallurgy
|
a soldier carries a weapon on which a laser device is mounted , which is used for illuminating a harness device on the body of another soldier . this harness device is provided with sensors , which perform detection tasks for several applications in connection with arbitrary simulation scenarios in the course of exercises and battles . the laser device has a laser target illumination element which is designed for transmitting tightly bundled laser beams , as well as chopper means for transmitting laser beams which are not only coded , but also chopped at a predeterminable frequency . the sensors contain tuning means for obtaining an alternating electrical signal from the received chopped laser beams , which is supplied to a pre - amplifier connected upstream of a discriminator . a very sensitive laser identification system results due to the fact that the electrical signal obtained in this manner can be very strongly amplified .
| 5Mechanical Engineering; Lightning; Heating; Weapons; Blasting
|
the present invention provides nucleic acid and amino acid sequences useful as the immunogenic portion of vaccines or immunogenic compositions effective for lessening the severity of the clinical symptoms associated with lawsonia intracellularis infection or conferring protective immunity to an animal susceptible to such infection . preferred amino acid sequences include at least 9 contiguous amino acids from seq id nos 1 , 3 , or 7 . thus , the nucleic acid sequences encoding such proteins , or the proteins themselves are included in vaccine compositions , together with veterinary - acceptable carrier and administered to an animal in need thereof .
| 0Human Necessities
|
a connector for securing a guitar to a strap , having a body with an opening and an engagement member slidable within the body . the engagement member has an opening with two portions . the first portion is large enough to receive the anchor post and the second portion is narrow enough to prevent the anchor post from passing through it . the user slides the first portion into alignment with the opening in the body and inserts the anchor post . then , the user slides the engagement member so that the second portion impedes the release of the anchor post . the body may also have an opening for removal of the engagement member and / or an opening to facilitate sliding of the engagement member . also there is disclosed a flexible support with one or more connectors and a strap , and a system including connector , a strap and a guitar .
| 8General tagging of new or cross-sectional technology
|
a process and a system for compressing highly correlated image data is provided . the system comprises means for capturing the image , means for converting to digital form , means for reshaping the data , means for encoding the repetitions , means for storing the compressed data and means for retrieving the data . the method comprises steps like capturing the image , converting into digital form , reshaping the data into matrix form , encoding the repetitions into a bit - plane index and encoding data values for storage , storing the compressed data in memory and retrieving the data for decompression . the system and method for compressing image and other highly correlated data is described in the description and illustrated by the way of drawings .
| 7Electricity
|
an arrangement for a hydraulic brake booster through which a pump - circulated fluid is throttled for supplying fluid to the brake booster includes a throttle element which is actuated by the booster pressure through a control spring . the control spring and a piston associated therewith limits the maximum amount of pressure that can be throttled so that a separate pressure - limiting valve , for instance , is not necessary .
| 1Performing Operations; Transporting
|
a prepackaged , therapeutic regimen includes a non - sedating first dosage unit that includes a nasal decongestant , a second dosage unit that includes an antihistamine and an attenuated dosage of nasal decongestant , indicia for distinguishing between the first and second dosage units , administration instructions that teach the coordinated use of the first and second dosage units , and a pharmaceutical dispensing container containing the first and second dosage units and incorporating the indicia and coordinating instructions .
| 0Human Necessities
|
the invention concerns a method for manufacturing a shell , in particular a fuselage shell , a wing shell , a horizontal stabilizer shell or a vertical stabilizer shell , that is reinforced with a plurality of stiffening elements , for forming component parts for aircraft with high dimensional stability , wherein the stiffening elements and a shell skin are made with epoxy resin from at least partially cured carbon fiber reinforced semi - finished parts , the method comprising the following steps : positioning the stiffening elements on the shell skin , abutting connecting elements against the shell skin and the stiffening elements , and curing the connecting elements to form the shell . the invention also concerns a shell , in particular a fuselage shell , a wing shell , a horizontal stabilizer shell or a vertical stabilizer shell , manufactured in accordance with the inventive method .
| 1Performing Operations; Transporting
|
routing method for computing routes over uncertain geo - spatial data whereby only upon visiting the geographic entities it can be determined whether the needed service or product is actually provided and is adequate . when dealing with uncertain data , the returned route may need to go via several entities of the same type . another routing method consists of finding an efficient and effective route from a starting point to an ending point going trough a predetermined number of objects , wherein each object represents a geographical entity of a unique type , and each object is selected from a distinct set of similar objects .
| 6Physics
|
a bearing device of a rotary cylinder for a magnetic head includes a fixed shaft and a sleeve rotatably supported about the fixed shaft through a radial bearing . a thrust receiver secured to one axial end of the sleeve has a convex spherical surface at the side confronting the fixed shaft , and a concave spherical surface is formed on an end surface of the fixed shaft confronting the convex spherical surface . a radius of curvature of the concave spherical surface is larger than a radius of curvature of the convex spherical surface of the thrust receiver .
| 5Mechanical Engineering; Lightning; Heating; Weapons; Blasting
|
a method of making - 3 -- 5 - methylhexanoic acid that comprises condensing isovaleraldehyde with ## str1 ## to form primarily ## str2 ## reacting the ## str3 ## with a cyanide source to form ## str4 ## decarboxylating the ## str5 ## to form ## str6 ## hydrolyzing the ## str7 ## with an alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxide to form an alkali or alkaline earth metal carboxylate salt ; and hydrogenating the alkali or alkaline earth metal carboxylate salt to form - 3 -- 5 - methylhexanoic acid , wherein r 1 and r 2 are the same or different and are hydrogen , c 1 - c 6 alkyl , aryl , benzyl , or c 3 - c 6 cycloalkyl . the present invention also provides a method of making - 3 -- 5 - methylhexanoic acid that comprises condensing isovaleraldehyde with ## str8 ## to form primarily ## str9 ## reacting the ## str10 ## with a cyanide source to form ## str11 ## decarboxylating the ## str12 ## to form an alkali or alkaline earth metal carboxylate salt ; and hydrogenating the alkali or alkaline earth metal carboxylate salt to form - 3 -- 5 - methylhexanoic acid .
| 2Chemistry; Metallurgy
|
disclosed and described herein is a compound having a formula therapeutic methods , medicaments , and compositions related thereto are also disclosed .
| 2Chemistry; Metallurgy
|
a magnetic tape recording and reproducing system in which a light reflective marker is on each reel of tape and has a feedback circuit connected between the light sensor and the source of light for controlling the intensity of the source to maintain the output substantially constant , notwithstanding changes of reflectivity of the tape or gradual changes of efficiency of the source of light . the feedback circuit provides improved detection of the passage of the reflective marker past the sensor .
| 6Physics
|
the present invention relates to a test arrangement for a serdes ip block and in particular provides a serdes test chip comprising a serdes instance to be tested and further instances of said serdes , said further instances constitution a data transfer path for data with which said serdes is to be tested . the data may come from a programmable gate array and enables the testing of data transfer schemes yet to be embodied in an integrated circuit ip block .
| 7Electricity
|
a polycrystalline memory structure is described for improving reliability and yield of devices employing polycrystalline memory materials comprising a polycrystalline memory layer , which has crystal grain boundaries forming gaps between adjacent crystallites overlying a substrate . an insulating material is located at least partially within the gaps to at least partially block the entrance to the gaps . a method of forming a polycrystalline memory structure is also described . a layer of material is deposited and annealed to form a polycrystalline memory material having gaps between adjacent crystallites . an insulating material is deposited over the polycrystalline memory material to at least partially fill the gaps , thereby blocking a portion of each gap .
| 7Electricity
|
the present invention provides a method of correcting coordinates so as to quickly and properly arrange a sample in a field of view in a review apparatus for moving a sample stage onto the specified coordinates to review the sample . a review apparatus according to the present invention , which is a review apparatus for moving a sample stage onto coordinates previously calculated by a checking apparatus to review the sample , has a function of retaining a plurality of coordinate correction tables to correct a deviation between a coordinate value previously calculated by a checking apparatus and an actual sample position detected by the review apparatus . the review apparatus evaluates correction accuracy of the plurality of coordinate correction tables and applies one of the coordinate correction tables with the maximum evaluation value .
| 6Physics
|
a method may include determining whether a discrepancy exists between scheduling headroom computable by a first device and scheduling headroom computable by a second device , determining one or more load measurements that the second device bases its computation of the scheduling headroom if it is determined that the discrepancy exists , modifying the one or more load measurements , and calculating the scheduling headroom based on the modified one or more load measurements .
| 7Electricity
|
a zigzag wavelength division multiplexer . the zigzag wavelength division multiplexer reduces the wavelength shift in the center of a frequency band caused by temperature changes . the zigzag wavelength division multiplexer includes an intermediate block , an input end and a plurality of output ends . the input end has a first sleeve and an optical collimator disposed in the first sleeve . each of the output ends has a second sleeve , a wave filter and an optical collimator . the optical collimator and the wave filter are disposed in the second sleeve . the zigzag wavelength division multiplexer reduces use of the grin lens and glass ferrule , and thereby manufacturing costs .
| 6Physics
|
for enabling discrimination of whether or not a blower motor is in a locked state to be conducted promptly and reliably irrespective of the motor speed , a blower system comprises a discrimination circuit for discriminating whether or not the blower motor is in a locked state based on change in the position of the rotor of the motor , and the discriminating time period between motor locking and output of a discrimination signal is determined to be shorter for a higher set rotational speed of the motor in response to the speed setting operation of a motor speed setting device .
| 7Electricity
|
a system for measuring and controlling the concentration of a chemical agent in a solution has a reaction cell for receiving a sample , a titrant dropper for releasing one or more drops of titrant into the sample , a first photosensor for sensing disruptions of light for every drop of titrant released , and a controller that communicates with the photosensor and computes the concentration of the chemical agent based on the number of disruptions of light at the photosensor . the present invention also includes a method for sensing and controlling the concentration of a chemical agent in a solution . the method includes having a sample containing the chemical agent , triggering the release of a number of drops of titrant into the sample , detecting the number of drops released into the sample , and computing the concentration of the chemical agent in the sample based on the number of drops of titrant released into the sample .
| 8General tagging of new or cross-sectional technology
|
various exemplary systems and methods for dividing a communications channel are disclosed . in at least some embodiments the method may comprise : coupling a plurality of storage devices to a communication channel , detecting whether the communication channel has been divided into multiple sub - channels , and coupling either a first backplane controller or a second backplane controller to the storage devices based on whether the communication channel has been divided .
| 6Physics
|
apparatus and method for forming an integral structure , such as a lens , on a fiber , such as an optical fiber , which includes a device which imparts centrifugal force to an end of the fiber while the end of the fiber is being heated . an arc or heat source which heats the end of the fiber can both rotate about the longitudinal axis of the fiber and move laterally with respect to the longitudinal axis of the fiber . the apparatus also includes a device for longitudinally moving the fiber relative to the arc . when a fiber is inserted into the apparatus , centrifugal force is exerted on the end of the fiber as the fiber is heated . the fiber is advanced longitudinally relative to the arc until a sphere of a predetermined size is formed . then , depending upon the shape or lens desired , the sphere may be allowed to cool and be removed from the apparatus , or other operations are performed .
| 6Physics
|
a bladder prosthesis having a silicone bag with radiused lower corners and a band of anchoring fabric at the upper side , the fabric being densely looped to allow body tissue ingrowth to hold the artificial bladder in place . for entry of the urine into the bladder and emptying thereof , the bladder has in its lower part a valve communicating with a funnel - shaped conduit . the valve includes an adapter with fittings for connection to nephrostomic catheters , a valve body contained inside the adapter and having urine inlet and outlet openings and a deformable diaphragm - type elastic valve member to open and close the communication between the inside of the artificial bladder and the inside of the valve body .
| 8General tagging of new or cross-sectional technology
|
the invention relates to the use of purine derivatives for the production of medicaments for the treatment of mucoviscidosis and diseases related to protein addressing errors in cells , said derivatives being of formula : where r2 , r6 and r9 , independently = halogen , a r β nh β, r β nh β nh β, nh 2 β r β²β nh or r β nh β r β²β nh β group , where r = straight or branched chain saturated or unsaturated alkyl , aryl , cycloalkyl , or heterocyclyl group , r β²= straight or branched chain , saturated or unsaturated alkylene , arylene or cycloalkylene , r and r β² each include 1 to 8 carbon atoms optionally substituted with one or more β oh , halogen , amino or alkyl groups , r2 furthermore may be a heterocycle optionally with a straight or branched chain saturated or unsaturated alkyl , aryl or cycloaryl or a heterocycle optionally substituted by one or more β oh , halogen , amino or alkyl groups , r9 furthermore may be a straight or branched chain saturated or unsaturated alkyl , aryl or cycloalkyl and r2 and r9 furthermore may be hydrogen with the exception of 2 -- 6 - benzylamino - 9 - methylpurine .
| 0Human Necessities
|
an assembly kit is provided for supplying a fixing agent to fix two objects . the kit comprises two storage receptacles . an aerobic adhesive is stored in one of the two storage receptacles . a hydrophilic material containing moisture is separately stored in the other of the two storage receptacles . the two storage receptacles are adapted to permit removal of the aerobic adhesive and the hydrophilic material from the receptacles for mixing together the fixing agent .
| 8General tagging of new or cross-sectional technology
|
the present invention relates to a method for automatically generating hdl code , a code generator and a product for generating the code for the purpose of its implementation in programmable logic , based on a graphical representation for coding a state machine . with the method according to the invention , state transitions are executed on the basis of a modified query structure in that , starting from a target state , all the preconditions are derived which must be fulfilled in order to reach said target state .
| 6Physics
|
a shoelace adjustment mechanism that provides for fastening shoelaces on shoes in which a shoelace is contiguously routed through a tightening and securing structure consisting of a plurality of shoelace winding sheaves along with the shoelace adjustment mechanism disposed on the left vamp and the right vamp such that the arrangement is capable of the rapid shoelace tensioning and loosening , the shoelace adjustment mechanism of the invention herein thereby affording greater practical value .
| 0Human Necessities
|
a control panel for regulating plural parameters is provided with plural displays , each associated with one parameter . a single manually moveable knob is provided for entering a manually variable signal . individual actuators such as push buttons are disposed adjacent each of the display means . the control panel is arranged to interpret the variable signal provided by the maneuvering element or knob as a new value for a control constant associated with a particular parameter depending upon which push button is actuated . the operator may select a particular parameter for resetting by pressing the button adjacent the display for that particular parameter . the panel simplifies setting of plural parameters in complex control systems such as the control system for a hemodialysis apparatus . the control system may incorporate plural microprocessors . control data input into the microprocessors is digitally duplicated and transferred between the microprocessors to avoid entry of conflicting data into the two separate microprocessors .
| 6Physics
|
the present invention discloses an improved arc fault detection circuit comprising a light detector for generating a light detector signal , a differentiator circuit for receiving a light detector signal and creating a differentiated light detector signal , and a comparator circuit for comparing the differentiated light detector signal and a reference signal and generating a comparator output signal for indicating when the differentiated light detector signal exceeds the reference signal .
| 7Electricity
|
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