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Methade | Methade, or 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptane, is the parent compound of the methadone and methadol series of opioid analgesics: Derived from the chemical structure of methadone, various analogs and derivatives have been synthesized and developed to enhance its therapeutic properties and minimize potential side effects. Methadone itself is a synthetic opioid that exhibits potent analgesic properties, making it effective in relieving moderate to severe pain. It acts on the central nervous system, specifically targeting opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord to alleviate pain signals. |
CALL/360:BASIC | CALL/360:BASIC was an IBM dialect of the BASIC programming language for the System/360 and later platforms. It was based on mid-1960s versions of Dartmouth BASIC but added a number of extensions. Most of these were related to file handling, which, at that time, Dartmouth lacked. It also added support for the mathematical symbols found on some IBM terminals, so that <= could be entered directly as ≤. Differences are otherwise minor. |
Lanthanum manganite | Lanthanum manganite is an inorganic compound with the formula LaMnO3, often abbreviated as LMO. Lanthanum manganite is formed in the perovskite structure, consisting of oxygen octahedra with a central Mn atom. The cubic perovskite structure is distorted into an orthorhombic structure by a strong Jahn–Teller distortion of the oxygen octahedra.LaMnO3 often has lanthanum vacancies as evidenced by neutron scattering. For this reason, this material is usually referred as LaMnO3+ẟ. These vacancies generate a structure with a rhombohedral unit cell in this perovskite. A temperatures below 140 K, this LaMnO3+ẟ semiconductor exhibit a ferromagnetic order. |
Esophagectomy | Esophagectomy or oesophagectomy is the surgical removal of all or parts of the esophagus. |
Pegsunercept | Pegsunercept is a drug for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. As of January 2010, Phase II clinical trials have been completed. It is being developed by Amgen.
Similarly to etanercept, pegsunercept is a soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor. Pegsunercept is a PEGylated protein. |
Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency | Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency is a rare genetic disorder caused by mutations in the DDC gene, which encodes an enzyme called aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase. |
Caramelized pork and eggs | Caramelized pork and eggs (Vietnamese: thịt kho hột vịt or thịt kho tàu) is a Vietnamese dish traditionally consisting of small pieces of marinated pork and boiled eggs braised in coconut juice. |
TAS2R19 | Taste receptor type 2 member 19 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAS2R19 gene. It seems to be involved in the perception of salt and bitter tastes. |
Fournier gangrene | Fournier gangrene is a type of necrotizing fasciitis or gangrene affecting the external genitalia or perineum. It commonly occurs in older men, but it can also occur in women and children. It is more likely to occur in people with diabetes or alcoholism or those who are immunocompromised.
About one per 62,500 males are affected per year. Males are affected about 40 times more often than females. It was first described by Baurienne in 1764 and is named after a French venereologist, Jean Alfred Fournier, following five cases he presented in clinical lectures in 1883. |
Bifrost (Trojan horse) | Bifrost is a backdoor trojan horse family of more than 10 variants which can infect Windows 95 through Windows 10 (although on modern Windows systems, after Windows XP, its functionality is limited). Bifrost uses the typical server, server builder, and client backdoor program configuration to allow a remote attacker, who uses the client, to execute arbitrary code on the compromised machine (which runs the server whose behavior can be controlled by the server editor). |
HES1 | Transcription factor HES1 (hairy and enhancer of split-1) is a protein that is encoded by the Hes1 gene, and is the mammalian homolog of the hairy gene in Drosophila. HES1 is one of the seven members of the Hes gene family (HES1-7). Hes genes code nuclear proteins that suppress transcription.This protein belongs to the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family of transcription factors. It is a transcriptional repressor of genes that require a bHLH protein for their transcription. The protein has a particular type of basic domain that contains a helix interrupting protein that binds to the N-box promoter region rather than the canonical enhancer box (E-box). As a member of the bHLH family, it is a transcriptional repressor that influences cell proliferation and differentiation in embryogenesis. HES1 regulates its own expression via a negative feedback loop, and oscillates with approximately 2-hour periodicity. |
Interbol | Interbol (Russian: Интербол) is an international space project under the leadership of the Russian Space Agency and the Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The list of participants includes the Institute of Atmospheric Research of the Czech Academy of Sciences, NASA, European Space Agency, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, and the Canadian Space Agency. The goal of the project is to study the correlations between plasma processes in the tail of the magnetosphere and in the Van Allen radiation belt (auroral particles acceleration region) with a high time-space resolution. Two space probes have been launched into high-altitude elliptical orbits: auroral probe was launched August 29, 1996 into orbit with an apogee of 20 000 km. The probe was sent to space in the same month as the FAST spacecraft, which studies aurora at both poles; tail probe was launched August 3, 1995 into orbit with an apogee of 200 000 km;Both orbits are almost parallel to the ecliptic. Each probe consists of a pair satellite-subsatellite. Subsatellites “Magion-4” (auroral) and “Magion-5” (tail) were procured by the Institute of atmospheric Research of the Czech Academy of Sciences. The communication with “Magion-5” was interrupted August 30, 1996 and was restored May 7, 1998. The life expectancy of space vehicles is 12 years. |
University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test | The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) is a test that is commercially available for smell identification to test the function of an individual's olfactory system.
Known for its accuracy among smell identification tests it is considered to be one of the most reliable (r=.94) and trusted.UPSIT was created by University of Pennsylvania physician and professor of psychology and otorhinolaryngology Richard Doty. Doty is also the director of the University of Pennsylvania’s Smell and Taste Center. |
Vegeta (software) | Vegeta is an HTTP load testing tool written in Go that can be used as a command in a command-line interface or as a library. The program tests how an HTTP-based application behaves when multiple users access it at the same time by generating a background load of GET requests. Vegeta is used to generate a sustained, constant number of requests per second in order to discover how long a service can sustain a peak load before dropping in performance.In addition to preemptive load testing, the program can also be used for shadow testing, where traffic from a live version of an application is mirrored onto a test version to determine how it handles the same traffic load, without causing potential disruption to the live version of the application. Shadow testing is done in this way in order to analyze anticipated server performance.Vegeta is provided for use by web hosting services such as Scaleway to use varied and multiple requests to stress test client HTTP services. It is also used with dedicated load-testing platform services such as BlazeMeter. |
Electron microprobe | An electron microprobe (EMP), also known as an electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) or electron micro probe analyzer (EMPA), is an analytical tool used to non-destructively determine the chemical composition of small volumes of solid materials. It works similarly to a scanning electron microscope: the sample is bombarded with an electron beam, emitting x-rays at wavelengths characteristic to the elements being analyzed. This enables the abundances of elements present within small sample volumes (typically 10-30 cubic micrometers or less) to be determined, when a conventional accelerating voltage of 15-20 kV is used. The concentrations of elements from lithium to plutonium may be measured at levels as low as 100 parts per million (ppm), material dependent, although with care, levels below 10 ppm are possible. The ability to quantify lithium by EPMA became a reality in 2008. |
Animal repellent | An animal repellent consists of any object or method made with the intention of keeping animals away from personal items as well as food, plants or yourself. Plants and other living organisms naturally possess a special ability to emit chemicals known as semiochemicals as a way to defend themselves from predators. Humans purposely make use of some of those and create a way to repel animals through various forms of protection. |
Common Data Representation | Common Data Representation (CDR) is used to represent structured or primitive data types passed as arguments or results during remote invocations on Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) distributed objects.
It enables clients and servers written in different programming languages to work together. For example, it translates little-endian to big-endian. It assumes prior agreement on type, so no information is given with data representation in messages. |
Jagarico | Jagarico is a family of salty snack products made primarily from processed fried potatoes. Introduced in 1995 by Calbee, Jagarico could be described as rod-shaped potato chips. According to Barabara Zec, they "have a similar appearance to French fries." |
Dan Klitsner | Dan Klitsner is the founder and creative director of toy inventing and licensing firm KID Group LLC.Dan has invented and licensed several number one hit toys, including Bop It, Perplexus and Hyper Dash. His inventions have been the recipients of over two dozen awards nominations, 2 gold IDEA Awards and 4 Toy Association Toy of the Year Awards. He also co-founded QiGo Inc., which utilized USB Key technology to support child-safe internet connection for toys.Klitsner has served as a judge in a number of design and innovation competitions, including the IDSA international design competition, the Consumer Electronics Show, and the Toy of the Year Awards.Klitsner recently honored the 25th-anniversary of Bop It! with its latest iteration, “Bop It! Button” where a single-button version of the toy calls players to “Bop It,” “Don’t Bop It,” “Do Bop It,” “Do Not Bop It.” |
Baire set | In mathematics, more specifically in measure theory, the Baire sets form a σ-algebra of a topological space that avoids some of the pathological properties of Borel sets. |
Dibenzo-1,4-dioxin | Dibenzo-1,4-dioxin, also dibenzodioxin or dibenzo-p-dioxin (dibenzo-para-dioxin), is a polycyclic heterocyclic organic compound in which two benzene rings are connected by a 1,4-dioxin ring. Its molecular formula is C12H8O2. The two oxygen atoms occupy opposite (para-) positions in the six-membered dioxin ring.
Dibenzodioxin is the carbon skeleton of the poisonous polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs), often called dioxins. The most harmful PCDD is 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD). Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds is a category of pollutants that includes PCDDs and other compounds that have similar structure, toxicity, and persistence. Dibenzodioxin is also the skeleton of the polybrominated dibenzodioxins. |
Myers–Steenrod theorem | Two theorems in the mathematical field of Riemannian geometry bear the name Myers–Steenrod theorem, both from a 1939 paper by Myers and Steenrod. The first states that every distance-preserving map (that is, an isometry of metric spaces) between two connected Riemannian manifolds is a smooth isometry of Riemannian manifolds. A simpler proof was subsequently given by Richard Palais in 1957. The main difficulty lies in showing that a distance-preserving map, which is a priori only continuous, is actually differentiable. |
Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics | The Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics (IAPCM) was established in 1958 in Beijing in the People's Republic of China. The institution conducts research on nuclear warhead design computations for the Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) in Mianyang, Sichuan and focuses on applied theoretical research and on the study of fundamental theories. Its main research fields include: Theoretical physics, nuclear fusion, plasma physics, nuclear physics, atomic molecular physics, laser physics, fluid dynamics, applied mathematics, and arms control science and technology. |
Planning Domain Definition Language | The Planning Domain Definition Language (PDDL) is an attempt to standardize Artificial Intelligence (AI) planning languages. It was first developed by Drew McDermott and his colleagues in 1998 (inspired by STRIPS and ADL among others) mainly to make the 1998/2000 International Planning Competition (IPC) possible, and then evolved with each competition. The standardization provided by PDDL has the benefit of making research more reusable and easily comparable, though at the cost of some expressive power, compared to domain-specific systems. |
International English | International English is the concept of using the English language as a global means of communication similar to an international auxiliary language, and often refers to the movement towards an international standard for the language. Related and sometimes synonymous terms include: Global English, World English, Common English, Continental English, General English, and Engas (English as associate language). Sometimes, these terms refer to the actuality of the situation, where English is spoken and used in numerous dialects around the world. These terms may acknowledge the diversity and varieties of English spoken throughout the world. |
Society for Behavioral Neuroendocrinology | The Society for Behavioral Neuroendocrinology is an interdisciplinary scientific organization dedicated to the study of hormonal processes and neuroendocrine systems that regulate behavior. |
Popular Astronomy (UK magazine) | Popular Astronomy is the bi-monthly magazine of the UK's Society for Popular Astronomy, published in January, March, May, July, September and November. |
Share (P2P) | Share (シャレ(洒落),シェア) is the name for a closed-source P2P application being developed in Japan by ファイル倉庫, a pseudonym translating as 'file warehouse.' Share was developed to be the successor to Winny. Like Winny, Share functions using a distributed data store referred to as a cache with each computer acting as a node in the network. Netagent published a survey in June 2018 suggesting that Share was the third most popular p2p network in Japan after Winny and Perfect Dark (P2P) with approximately 10,000 nodes connecting each day over Golden Week, down from 30,000 in 2015. |
2-Aminothiazole | 2-Aminothiazole is a heterocyclic amine featuring a thiazole core. It can also be considered a cyclic isothiourea. It possesses an odor similar to pyridine and is soluble in water, alcohols and diethyl ether. It is commonly used as a starting point for the synthesis of many compounds including sulfur drugs, biocides, fungicides, dyes and chemical reaction accelerators. 2-Aminothiazole can be used as a thyroid inhibitor in the treatment of hyperthyroidism and has antibacterial activity. Alternatively, its acid tartrate salt can be used. Recent studies using prion-infected neuroblastoma cell lines have suggested that aminothiazole may be used as a therapeutic drug for prion diseases.Many 2-aminothiazoles and 2-amidothiazoles are drugs: avatrombopag, amthamine, amiphenazole, abafungin, acotiamide, pramipexole. |
Death knock | In journalism, the term death knock refers to the practice of journalists contacting people with a close relationship to a deceased individual, in an attempt to garner their thoughts and feelings regarding the death, and also gather other information.The practice of death knocks, is often considered to be a negative aspect of journalism, but the exposure it brings has also been shown to sometimes be a comfort to bereaved individuals.In the United Kingdom, the Independent Press Standards Organisation has laid down guidelines relating to how death knocks are carried out. These guidelines include using sensitivity, sympathy, and discretion when practicing death knocks. |
Rhombitriheptagonal tiling | In geometry, the rhombitriheptagonal tiling is a semiregular tiling of the hyperbolic plane. At each vertex of the tiling there is one triangle and one heptagon, alternating between two squares. The tiling has Schläfli symbol rr{7, 3}. It can be seen as constructed as a rectified triheptagonal tiling, r{7,3}, as well as an expanded heptagonal tiling or expanded order-7 triangular tiling. |
Laurène Meyniel-Schicklin | Laurène Meyniel-Schicklin is a bioinformatics engineer who specializes in genomic data science. |
Sexual network | A sexual network is a social network that is defined by the sexual relationships within a set of individuals. |
Capital Markets Index | The Capital Markets Index (CPMKTS) was an investment tool that tracked the value of traditional investment-grade U.S. capital market securities. It viewed the markets broadly and included approximately 9,500 equity, fixed income, and money market instruments. The American stock exchange published sub-indexes CPMKTE, CPMKTB, and CPMKTL, tracking equities, bonds, and liquidity, respectively.
CPMKTS was launched by Dorchester Capital Management Company of Houston, Texas on May 4, 2006. The Capital Markets Index was carried on the American stock exchange that updated every 15 seconds. The trademark was canceled on October 24, 2014.The index is inactive, and the last available data is from December 2015. |
Indoxyl-UDPG glucosyltransferase | In enzymology, an indoxyl-UDPG glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.220) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction UDP-glucose + indoxyl ⇌ UDP + indicanThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are UDP-glucose and indoxyl, whereas its two products are UDP and indican.
This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferases, specifically the hexosyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is UDP-glucose:indoxyl 3-O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase. This enzyme is also called indoxyl-UDPG-glucosyltransferase. |
Mesangial cell | Mesangial cells are specialised cells in the kidney that make up the mesangium of the glomerulus. Together with the mesangial matrix, they form the vascular pole of the renal corpuscle. The mesangial cell population accounts for approximately 30-40% of the total cells in the glomerulus. Mesangial cells can be categorized as either extraglomerular mesangial cells or intraglomerular mesangial cells, based on their relative location to the glomerulus. The extraglomerular mesangial cells are found between the afferent and efferent arterioles towards the vascular pole of the glomerulus. The extraglomerular mesangial cells are adjacent to the intraglomerular mesangial cells that are located inside the glomerulus and in between the capillaries. The primary function of mesangial cells is to remove trapped residues and aggregated protein from the basement membrane thus keeping the filter free of debris. The contractile properties of mesangial cells have been shown to be insignificant in changing the filtration pressure of the glomerulus. |
(549948) 2011 WL2 | (549948) 2011 WL2 is a sub-kilometer asteroid, classified as a near-Earth object and potentially hazardous asteroid of the Apollo group. It was discovered on 16 November 2011, by astronomers with the LINEAR at the Lincoln Laboratory ETS near Socorro, New Mexico, in the United States. |
B-tree | In computer science, a B-tree is a self-balancing tree data structure that maintains sorted data and allows searches, sequential access, insertions, and deletions in logarithmic time. The B-tree generalizes the binary search tree, allowing for nodes with more than two children. Unlike other self-balancing binary search trees, the B-tree is well suited for storage systems that read and write relatively large blocks of data, such as databases and file systems. |
Supercritical carbon dioxide | Supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) is a fluid state of carbon dioxide where it is held at or above its critical temperature and critical pressure. |
Feeding disorder | A feeding disorder, in infancy or early childhood, is a child's refusal to eat certain food groups, textures, solids or liquids for a period of at least one month, which causes the child to not gain enough weight, grow naturally or cause any developmental delays. Feeding disorders resemble failure to thrive, except that at times in feeding disorder there is no medical or physiological condition that can explain the very small amount of food the children consume or their lack of growth. Some of the times, a previous medical condition that has been resolved is causing the issue. |
DAD1 | Dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide—protein glycosyltransferase subunit DAD1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DAD1 gene. |
Multistable auditory perception | Multistable auditory perception is a cognitive phenomenon in which certain auditory stimuli can be perceived in multiple ways. While multistable perception has been most commonly studied in the visual domain, it also has been observed in the auditory and olfactory modalities. In the olfactory domain, different scents are piped to the two nostrils, while in the auditory domain, researchers often examine the effects of binaural sequences of pure tones. Generally speaking, multistable perception has three main characteristics: exclusivity, implying that the multiple perceptions cannot simultaneously occur; randomness, indicating that the duration of perceptual phases follows a random law, and inevitability, meaning that subjects are unable to completely block out one percept indefinitely. |
Dumbemployed | Dumbemployed is an English-language blog and blook featuring stories about "the jobs you love to hate". User-submitted entries are limited to 300 characters in length and begin with "At work today" and end with "I'm dumbemployed". A book containing submissions to the site along with charts, graphs, illustrations, and tips was published in June 2011.Dumbemployed stories are divided into five categories: Bosses, Customers, Just Dumb, Overtime, Weird Shift. |
Combining grapheme joiner | The combining grapheme joiner (CGJ), U+034F ͏ COMBINING GRAPHEME JOINER is a Unicode character that has no visible glyph and is "default ignorable" by applications. Its name is a misnomer and does not describe its function: the character does not join graphemes. Its purpose is to semantically separate characters that should not be considered digraphs as well as to block canonical reordering of combining marks during normalization. |
Internal documentation | Software documentation is written text or illustration that accompanies computer software or is embedded in the source code. The documentation either explains how the software operates or how to use it, and may mean different things to people in different roles.
Documentation is an important part of software engineering. Types of documentation include: Requirements – Statements that identify attributes, capabilities, characteristics, or qualities of a system. This is the foundation for what will be or has been implemented.
Architecture/Design – Overview of software. Includes relations to an environment and construction principles to be used in design of software components.
Technical – Documentation of code, algorithms, interfaces, and APIs.
End user – Manuals for the end-user, system administrators and support staff.
Marketing – How to market the product and analysis of the market demand. |
DalTrans | DalTrans is the means by which traffic information is gathered and disseminated in Dallas, Texas. DalTrans is an Intelligent Transportation System operated by the Texas Department of Transportation, a collection of devices and a communications backbone designed to help alleviate the freeway congestion. Traffic Data Collected by DalTrans is available in real time to the public on its website. |
Variant Chinese characters | Variant Chinese characters (traditional Chinese: 異體字; simplified Chinese: 异体字; pinyin: yìtǐzì; Kanji: 異体字; Hepburn: itaiji; Korean: 이체자; Hanja: 異體字; Revised Romanization: icheja) are Chinese characters that are homophones and synonyms. Most variants are allographs in most circumstances, such as casual handwriting. Some contexts require the usage of certain variants, such as in textbook editing. |
Zalutumumab | Zalutumumab (proposed trade name HuMax-EGFR) is a fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) directed towards the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). It is a product developed by Genmab in Utrecht, the Netherlands. Specifically, zalutumumab is designed for the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), a type of cancer. |
5-Methoxytryptamine | 5-Methoxytryptamine (5-MT), also known as mexamine, is a tryptamine derivative closely related to the neurotransmitters serotonin and melatonin. 5-MT has been shown to occur naturally in the body in low levels. It is biosynthesized via the deacetylation of melatonin in the pineal gland.5-MT acts as a full agonist at the 5-HT1, 5-HT2, 5-HT4, 5-HT6, and 5-HT7 receptors. It has no affinity for the 5-HT3 receptor and its affinity for the 5-HT1E receptor is very weak in comparison to the other 5-HT1 receptors. Its affinity for the 5-HT5A receptor is unknown. |
Combat Estimate | The Combat Estimate, also known as the Seven Questions is a sequence of questions used by military commanders, usually in contact with the enemy, to plan their response, such as a platoon attack. It provides a means for formulating a plan that meets the exigencies of battle, even in very difficult circumstances. However, it may also be used at all levels in the chain of command, from tactical to strategic. |
Theorem Proving System | The Theorem Proving System (TPS) is an automated theorem proving system for first-order and higher-order logic. TPS has been developed at Carnegie Mellon University. An educational version of it is known as ETPS (Educational Theorem Proving System). |
Nokdu-muk | Nokdu-muk (녹두묵, 綠豆- ; "mung bean jelly",) is a Korean muk, or jelly, made from mung bean starch. In its most commonly encountered form, it is also called cheongpo-muk (청포묵, 淸泡-), which literally means "clear froth jelly," owing to its clear white color. If it is colored with gardenia, the nokdu-muk is called hwangpo-muk, which literally means "yellow froth jelly."Nokdu-muk is usually served cold, usually as the banchan (side dish) nokdu-muk-muchim (녹두묵무침). As it has little flavor of its own, nokdu-muk is typically seasoned with soy sauce and vinegar. |
G-spot | The G-spot, also called the Gräfenberg spot (for German gynecologist Ernst Gräfenberg), is characterized as an erogenous area of the vagina that, when stimulated, may lead to strong sexual arousal, powerful orgasms and potential female ejaculation. It is typically reported to be located 5–8 cm (2–3 in) up the front (anterior) vaginal wall between the vaginal opening and the urethra and is a sensitive area that may be part of the female prostate.The existence of the G-spot has not been proven, nor has the source of female ejaculation. Although the G-spot has been studied since the 1940s, disagreement persists over its existence as a distinct structure, definition and location. The G-spot may be an extension of the clitoris, which together may be the cause of orgasms experienced vaginally. Sexologists and other researchers are concerned that women may consider themselves to be dysfunctional if they do not experience G-spot stimulation, and emphasize that not experiencing it is normal. |
ALF Products | ALF Products Inc., or ALF (named after an assembly language instruction for "rotate the A register Left Four bits"), was a Colorado company primarily known for its computer-controlled music synthesizers and floppy disk supplies and duplicators. |
Bruss–Duerinckx theorem | The theorem of the envelopment of societies for resource-dependent populations, also called the Bruss–Duerinckx theorem, is a mathematical result on the behavior of populations that choose their society form according to only two hypotheses that they see as most "natural": Hypothesis 1 (H1): Individuals want to survive and see a future for their descendants.
Hypothesis 2 (H2): The average individual prefers a higher standard of living to a lower one.H1 is supposed to precede H2 in the case of incompatibility with H2.
Here populations with a society structure are modeled by so-called resource-dependent branching processes (RDBPs). |
Antenna analyzer | An antenna analyzer or in British aerial analyser (also known as a noise bridge, RX bridge, SWR analyzer, or RF analyzer) is a device used for measuring the input impedance of antenna systems in radio electronics applications. |
Lexikon der gesamten Technik | The Lexikon der gesamten Technik is an illustrated German-language encyclopedia of architectural, engineering and manufacturing technology, written by Otto Lueger (German engineer, 1843–1911) and first published in 1894. |
United States military ration | United States military ration refers to the military rations provided to sustain United States Armed Forces service members, including field rations and garrison rations, and the military nutrition research conducted in relation to military food. U.S. military rations are often made for quick distribution, preparation, and eating in the field and tend to have long storage times in adverse conditions due to being thickly packaged or shelf-stable. |
Anorak (slang) | "Anorak" is a British slang term which refers to a person who has a very strong interest, perhaps obsessive, in niche subjects. This interest may be unacknowledged or not understood by the general public. The term is sometimes used synonymously with "geek" or "nerd", or the Japanese term "otaku", albeit referring to different niches. |
Bid price | A bid price is the highest price that a buyer (i.e., bidder) is willing to pay for some goods. It is usually referred to simply as the "bid". In bid and ask, the bid price stands in contrast to the ask price or "offer", and the difference between the two is called the bid–ask spread. An unsolicited bid or purchase offer is when a person or company receives a bid even though they are not looking to sell. |
Thyroglossal cyst | A thyroglossal cyst is a fibrous cyst that forms from a persistent thyroglossal duct. Thyroglossal cysts can be defined as an irregular neck mass or a lump which develops from cells and tissues left over after the formation of the thyroid gland during developmental stages.Thyroglossal cysts are the most common cause of midline neck masses and are generally located caudal to (below) the hyoid bone. These neck masses can occur anywhere along the path of the thyroglossal duct, from the base of the tongue to the suprasternal notch. Other common causes of midline neck masses include lymphadenopathy, dermoid cysts, and various odontogenic anomalies.Thyroglossal cysts develop at birth. Many diagnostic procedures may be used to establish the degree of the cyst. |
Geosmin synthase | Geosmin synthase or germacradienol-geosmin synthase designates a class of bifunctional enzymes (EC 4.1.99.16) that catalyze the conversion of farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) to geosmin, a volatile organic compound known for its earthy smell. The N-terminal half of the protein catalyzes the conversion of farnesyl diphosphate to germacradienol and germacrene D, followed by the C-terminal-mediated conversion of germacradienol to geosmin. The conversion of FPP to geosmin was previously thought to involve multiple enzymes in a biosynthetic pathway. |
Iron cycle | The iron cycle (Fe) is the biogeochemical cycle of iron through the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and lithosphere. While Fe is highly abundant in the Earth's crust, it is less common in oxygenated surface waters. Iron is a key micronutrient in primary productivity, and a limiting nutrient in the Southern ocean, eastern equatorial Pacific, and the subarctic Pacific referred to as High-Nutrient, Low-Chlorophyll (HNLC) regions of the ocean.Iron exists in a range of oxidation states from -2 to +7; however, on Earth it is predominantly in its +2 or +3 redox state and is a primary redox-active metal on Earth. The cycling of iron between its +2 and +3 oxidation states is referred to as the iron cycle. This process can be entirely abiotic or facilitated by microorganisms, especially iron-oxidizing bacteria. The abiotic processes include the rusting of iron-bearing metals, where Fe2+ is abiotically oxidized to Fe3+ in the presence of oxygen, and the reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ by iron-sulfide minerals. The biological cycling of Fe2+ is done by iron oxidizing and reducing microbes.Iron is an essential micronutrient for almost every life form. It is a key component of hemoglobin, important to nitrogen fixation as part of the Nitrogenase enzyme family, and as part of the iron-sulfur core of ferredoxin it facilitates electron transport in chloroplasts, eukaryotic mitochondria, and bacteria. Due to the high reactivity of Fe2+ with oxygen and low solubility of Fe3+, iron is a limiting nutrient in most regions of the world. |
Citra (emulator) | Citra is a free and open-source emulator of the handheld Nintendo 3DS for Windows, macOS, Linux, and Android. Citra's name is derived from CTR, which is the model name of the original 3DS. Citra can run many homebrew games and commercial games.Citra was first made available in 2014. The core team behind it went on to develop Nintendo Switch emulator yuzu in 2018. |
Metallic color | A metallic color is a color that appears to be that of a polished metal. The visual sensation usually associated with metals is its metallic shine. This cannot be reproduced by a simple solid color, because the shiny effect is due to the material's brightness varying with the surface angle to the light source. In addition, there is no mechanism for showing metallic or fluorescent colors on a computer without resorting to rendering software which simulates the action of light on a shiny surface. Consequently in art and in heraldry one would normally use a metallic paint that glitters like a real metal. |
Phenomenology of religion | The phenomenology of religion concerns the experiential aspect of religion, describing religious phenomena in terms consistent with the orientation of worshippers. It views religion as made up of different components, and studies these components across religious traditions in order to gain some understanding of them. |
Timewarp (computer graphics) | A timewarp is a tool for manipulating the temporal dimension in a hierarchically described 3D computer animation system. The term was coined by Jeff Smith and Karen Drewery in 1991. Continuous curves that are normally applied to parametric modeling and rendering attributes are instead applied to the local clock value, which effectively remaps the flow of global time within the context of the subsection of the model to which the curves are applied. The tool was first developed to assist animators in making minor adjustments to subsections of animated scenes that might employ dozens of related interpolation curves. Rather than adjust the timing of every curve within the subsection, a timewarp curve can be applied to the model section in question, adjusting the flow of time itself for that element, with respect to the timing of the other, unaffected elements. |
2.5D integrated circuit | A 2.5D integrated circuit (2.5D IC) is an advanced packaging technique that combines multiple integrated circuit dies in a single package without stacking them into a three-dimensional integrated circuit (3D-IC) with through-silicon vias (TSVs). The term "2.5D" originated when 3D-ICs with TSVs were quite new and still very difficult. Chip designers realized that many of the advantages of 3D integration could be approximated by placing bare dies side by side on an interposer instead of stacking them vertically. If the pitch is very fine and the interconnect very short, the assembly can be packaged as a single component with better size, weight, and power characteristics than a comparable 2D circuit board assembly. This half-way 3D integration was facetiously named "2.5D" and the name stuck. |
Skin secretions (human) | Skin secretions are those substances and materials that are secreted by the skin and the external mucous membranes. Some skin secretions are associated with body hair. |
Vimla L. Patel | Vimla Lodhia Patel is a Fijian-born Canadian cognitive psychologist and biomedical informaticist. |
Spin valve | A spin valve is a device, consisting of two or more conducting magnetic materials, whose electrical resistance can change between two values depending on the relative alignment of the magnetization in the layers. The resistance change is a result of the giant magnetoresistive effect. The magnetic layers of the device align "up" or "down" depending on an external magnetic field. In the simplest case, a spin valve consists of a non-magnetic material sandwiched between two ferromagnets, one of which is fixed (pinned) by an antiferromagnet which acts to raise its magnetic coercivity and behaves as a "hard" layer, while the other is free (unpinned) and behaves as a "soft" layer. Due to the difference in coercivity, the soft layer changes polarity at lower applied magnetic field strength than the hard one. Upon application of a magnetic field of appropriate strength, the soft layer switches polarity, producing two distinct states: a parallel, low-resistance state, and an antiparallel, high-resistance state. |
Spambot | A spambot is a computer program designed to assist in the sending of spam. Spambots usually create accounts and send spam messages with them. Web hosts and website operators have responded by banning spammers, leading to an ongoing struggle between them and spammers in which spammers find new ways to evade the bans and anti-spam programs, and hosts counteract these methods. |
Tacheometry | Tacheometry (; from Greek for "quick measure") is a system of rapid surveying, by which the horizontal and vertical positions of points on the earth's surface relative to one another are determined without using a chain or tape, or a separate levelling instrument. |
Dice chess | Dice chess can refer to a number of chess variants in which dice are used to alter gameplay; specifically that the moves available to each player are determined by rolling a pair of ordinary six-sided dice. There are many different variations of this form of dice chess. One of them is described here. |
Luxury packaging | Luxury and specialty packaging is the design, research, development, and manufacturing of packaging, displays, and for luxury brands. The packaging of a luxury product is part of the brand’s image and research shows consumers are willing to spend more on products if the packaging looks appealing and luxurious.As well as adding to the value of the product, luxury packaging fulfils various other roles; it enhances the image of the brand, increases consumer engagement through personalised packaging, performs a function, creates appeal and diversifies the product.Globally, the luxury packaging market continues to grow, driven by global trends of personalised packaging, attention to sustainability issues, economic and demographic drivers. The luxury packaging market is forecast to grow by 4.4% to 2019, reaching $17.6 billion, and consumption will reach 9.9 billion tons with growth of 3.1%. |
Plenken | Plenken is a German typographical term for the insertion of inappropriate spaces before a punctuation mark.
Its counterpart is Klempen, the incorrect omission of a space after punctuation marks. |
Feynman Prize in Nanotechnology | The Feynman Prize in Nanotechnology is an award given by the Foresight Institute for significant advances in nanotechnology. Two prizes are awarded annually, in the categories of experimental and theoretical work. There is also a separate challenge award for making a nanoscale robotic arm and 8-bit adder. |
Dynamic speckle | In physics, dynamic speckle is a result of the temporal evolution of a speckle pattern where variations in the scattering elements responsible for the formation of the interference pattern in the static situation produce the changes that are seen in the speckle pattern, where its grains change their intensity (grey level) as well as their shape along time. One easy to observe example is milk: place some milk in a teaspoon and observe the surface in direct sunlight. There will be a visible "dancing" pattern of coloured points. Where the milk dries on the spoon at the edge, the speckle is seen to be static. This is direct evidence of the thermal motion of atoms, which cause the Brownian motion of the colloidal particles in the milk, which in turn results in the dynamic speckle visible to the naked eye. |
MAX IV Laboratory | MAX IV is a next-generation synchrotron radiation facility in Lund, Sweden. Its design and planning has been carried out within the Swedish national laboratory, MAX-lab, which up until 2015 operated three accelerators for synchrotron radiation research: MAX I (550 MeV, opened 1986), MAX II (1,5 GeV, opened 1997) and MAX III (700 MeV, opened 2008). MAX-lab supported about 1000 users from over 30 countries annually. The facility operated 14 beamlines with a total of 19 independent experimental stations, supporting a wide range of experimental techniques such as macromolecular crystallography, electron spectroscopy, nanolithography and production of tagged photons for photo-nuclear experiments. The facility closed on 13 December (St Lucia dagen) 2015 in preparation for MAX IV. |
Filtration coefficient | In physiology, Filtration coefficient (Kf) is the product of a biological membrane's permeability to water and the surface area of the membrane. Typical units of Kf are mL/min/mmHg. The rate of filtration across the membrane is, by definition, the product of Kf and the net filtration pressure across the membrane. Kf is frequently applied to the glomerular capillaries, which filter water into Bowman's capsule to form urine. Typically, in an adult human, the net filtration pressure is 10mmHg and Kf 12.5mL/min/mmHg, giving a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 125mL/min. A decrease in Kf due to reduced number of glomeruli or reduced permeability will reduce the GFR at a given filtration pressure |
Rollin (video game) | Rollin is a puzzle video game written for MS-DOS by Michael Riedel of SAV Creation and published by Ticsoft. |
Exact test | In statistics, an exact (significance) test is a test such that if the null hypothesis is true, then all assumptions made during the derivation of the distribution of the test statistic are met. Using an exact test provides a significance test that maintains the type I error rate of the test ( α ) at the desired significance level of the test. For example, an exact test at a significance level of α=5% , when repeated over many samples where the null hypothesis is true, will reject at most 5% of the time. This is in contrast to an approximate test in which the desired type I error rate is only approximately maintained (i.e.: the test might reject > 5% of the time), while this approximation may be made as close to α as desired by making the sample size sufficiently large. |
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1 | Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GABRA1 gene.GABA is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain where it acts at GABA-A receptors, which are ligand-gated chloride channels. Chloride conductance of these channels can be modulated by agents such as benzodiazepines that bind to the GABA-A receptor. At least 16 distinct subunits of GABA-A receptors have been identified.The GABRA1 receptor is the specific target of the z-drug class of nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic agents and is responsible for their hypnotic and hallucinogenic effects. |
Micrometre | The micrometre (Commonwealth spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: μm) or micrometer (American spelling), also commonly known by the non-SI term micron, is a unit of length in the International System of Units (SI) equalling 1×10−6 metre (SI standard prefix "micro-" = 10−6); that is, one millionth of a metre (or one thousandth of a millimetre, 0.001 mm, or about 0.00004 inch).The nearest smaller common SI unit is the nanometre, equivalent to one thousandth of a micrometre, one millionth of a millimetre or one billionth of a metre (0.000000001 m). |
Hair conditioner | Hair conditioner is a hair care cosmetic product used to improve the feel, texture, appearance and manageability of hair. Its main purpose is to reduce friction between strands of hair to allow smoother brushing or combing, which might otherwise cause damage to the scalp. Various other benefits are often advertised, such as hair repair, strengthening, or a reduction in split ends. |
Analysis of covariance | Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) is a general linear model which blends ANOVA and regression. ANCOVA evaluates whether the means of a dependent variable (DV) are equal across levels of one or more categorical independent variables and across one or more continuous variables. For example, the categorical variable(s) might describe treatment and the continuous variable(s) might be covariates or nuisance variables; or vice versa. Mathematically, ANCOVA decomposes the variance in the DV into variance explained by the CV(s), variance explained by the categorical IV, and residual variance. Intuitively, ANCOVA can be thought of as 'adjusting' the DV by the group means of the CV(s).The ANCOVA model assumes a linear relationship between the response (DV) and covariate (CV): yij=μ+τi+B(xij−x¯)+ϵij. |
Lesbophobia | Lesbophobia comprises various forms of prejudice and negativity towards lesbians as individuals, as couples, or as a social group. Based on the categories of sex, sexual orientation, identity, and gender expression, this negativity encompasses prejudice, discrimination, hatred, and abuse; with attitudes and feelings ranging from disdain to hostility. Lesbophobia is misogyny that intersects with homophobia, and vice versa. |
Abhenry | The abhenry is the CGS (centimetre–gram–second) electromagnetic unit of inductance, corresponding to one billionth of a henry (1 nH). |
Sacrifice (chess) | In chess, a sacrifice is a move that gives up a piece with the objective of gaining tactical or positional compensation in other forms. A sacrifice could also be a deliberate exchange of a chess piece of higher value for an opponent's piece of lower value. |
Riemann's differential equation | In mathematics, Riemann's differential equation, named after Bernhard Riemann, is a generalization of the hypergeometric differential equation, allowing the regular singular points to occur anywhere on the Riemann sphere, rather than merely at 0, 1, and ∞ . The equation is also known as the Papperitz equation.The hypergeometric differential equation is a second-order linear differential equation which has three regular singular points, 0, 1 and ∞ . That equation admits two linearly independent solutions; near a singularity zs , the solutions take the form xsf(x) , where x=z−zs is a local variable, and f is locally holomorphic with f(0)≠0 . The real number s is called the exponent of the solution at zs . Let α, β and γ be the exponents of one solution at 0, 1 and ∞ respectively; and let α', β' and γ' be those of the other. Then 1. |
Isolates | Isolates is a term used in developmental psychology and family studies, to describe members of a study group, usually child through young adult, who do not actively participate in cliques or friendship groups. Isolates are one of four types of participants in friendship networks, the other three being dyads, liaisons and cliques.Isolates may have friendly relations with members of cliques and friendship groups, but they do not associate their identity with any particular group. Isolates can be voluntarily or involuntarily isolated from peer groups, cliques or friendship groups. Isolates, overall, may experience higher levels of depression than same-age peers. Studies by Ennett and Bauman (1993), found that isolates were more prone to smoke than members of friendship groups. A study by Henrich et al. (2000), shows isolates, male and female, have more internalizing problems than non-isolates. The study also shows female isolates have significantly lower GPAs than members of cliques. |
Tee Off | Tee Off, known in Japan as Golf Shiyō Yo (ゴルフしようよ, Gorufu Shiyō Yo), is a video game developed and published by Bottom Up and Acclaim Entertainment in 1999-2000. |
Small ditrigonal dodecicosidodecahedron | In geometry, the small ditrigonal dodecicosidodecahedron (or small dodekified icosidodecahedron) is a nonconvex uniform polyhedron, indexed as U43. It has 44 faces (20 triangles, 12 pentagrams and 12 decagons), 120 edges, and 60 vertices. Its vertex figure is a crossed quadrilateral. |
Eclectic shorthand | Eclectic shorthand (sometimes called "Cross shorthand" or "Eclectic-Cross shorthand" after its founder, J. G. Cross) is an English shorthand system of the 19th century. Although it has fallen into disuse, it is nonetheless noteworthy as one of the most compact (and complex) systems of writing ever devised. |
STS-135 (drug) | STS-135 (N-(adamantan-1-yl)-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamide, also called 5F-APICA) is a designer drug offered by online vendors as a cannabimimetic agent. The structure of STS-135 appears to use an understanding of structure-activity relationships within the indole class of cannabimimetics, although its design origins are unclear. STS-135 is the terminally-fluorinated analogue of SDB-001, just as AM-2201 is the terminally-fluorinated analogue of JWH-018, and XLR-11 is the terminally-fluorinated analogue of UR-144. STS-135 acts a potent cannabinoid receptor agonist in vitro, with an EC50 of 51 nM for human CB2 receptors, and 13 nM for human CB1 receptors. STS-135 produces bradycardia and hypothermia in rats at doses of 1–10 mg/kg, suggesting cannabinoid-like activity. |
JSDoc | JSDoc is a markup language used to annotate JavaScript source code files. Using comments containing JSDoc, programmers can add documentation describing the application programming interface of the code they're creating. This is then processed, by various tools, to produce documentation in accessible formats like HTML and Rich Text Format. The JSDoc specification is released under CC BY-SA 3.0, while its companion documentation generator and parser library is free software under the Apache License 2.0. |
Preparedness (learning) | In psychology, preparedness is a concept developed to explain why certain associations are learned more readily than others. For example, phobias related to survival, such as snakes, spiders, and heights, are much more common and much easier to induce in the laboratory than other kinds of fears. According to Martin Seligman, this is a result of our evolutionary history. The theory states that organisms which learned to fear environmental threats faster had a survival and reproductive advantage. Consequently, the innate predisposition to fear these threats became an adaptive human trait.The concept of preparedness has also been used to explain why taste aversions are learned so quickly and efficiently compared with other kinds of classical conditioning. |
Routing diagram | A routing diagram or route diagram in the field of management engineering is a type of diagram, that shows a route through an accessible physical space. Routing diagrams are used in plant layout study, and manufacturing plant design. |
Electrohomeopathy | Electrohomeopathy, Electrohomoeopathy, or Mattei cancer cure is a derivative of homeopathy invented in the 19th century by Count Cesare Mattei. The name is derived from a combination of electro (referring to an electric bio-energy content supposedly extracted from plants and of therapeutic value, rather than electricity in its conventional sense) and homeopathy (referring to an alternative medicinal philosophy developed by Samuel Hahnemann in the 18th century). Electrohomeopathy has been defined as the combination of electrical devices and homeopathy.Lucrative for its inventor and popular in the late nineteenth century, electrohomeopathy has been described as "utter idiocy". Like traditional homeopathy, it is regarded by the medical and scientific communities as pseudoscience and its practice as quackery. |
AFDX-384 | AFDX-384 (BIBN-161) is a drug which acts as a selective antagonist of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, with selectivity for the M2 and M4 subtypes. It is used mainly for mapping the distribution of M2 and M4 muscarinic receptors in the brain, and studying their involvement in the development and treatment of dementia and schizophrenia. |
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