source stringlengths 1 149 ⌀ | text stringlengths 18 204k |
|---|---|
Familial amyloid cardiomyopathy | Familial amyloid cardiomyopathy (FAC), or transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) results from the aggregation and deposition of mutant and wild-type transthyretin (TTR) protein in the heart. TTR is usually circulated as a homo-tetramer—a protein made up of four identical subunits—however, in FAC populations, TTR dissociates from this typical form and misassembles into amyloid fibrils which are insoluble and resistant to degradation. Due to this resistance to degradation, when amyloid fibrils accumulate in the heart's walls, specifically the left ventricle, rigidity prevents the heart from properly relaxing and refilling with blood: this is called diastolic dysfunction which can ultimately lead to heart failure. |
Allantoic acid | Allantoic acid is an organic compound with the chemical formula C4H8N4O4. It is a crystalline acid obtained by hydrolysis of allantoin.
In nature, allantoic acid is produced from allantoin by the enzyme allantoinase (encoded by the gene AllB (Uniprot: P77671) in Escherichia coli and other bacteria). |
Antibiotic misuse | Antibiotic misuse, sometimes called antibiotic abuse or antibiotic overuse, refers to the misuse or overuse of antibiotics, with potentially serious effects on health. It is a contributing factor to the development of antibiotic resistance, including the creation of multidrug-resistant bacteria, informally called "super bugs": relatively harmless bacteria (such as Staphylococcus, Enterococcus and Acinetobacter) can develop resistance to multiple antibiotics and cause life-threatening infections. |
Coumachlor | Coumachlor is a first generation anticoagulant rodenticide which blocks formation of prothrombin and inhibits blood coagulation causing death by internal haemorrhage. The chemical can be absorbed through the skin. The symptoms of human contact can be nosebleeds, bleeding gums, bloody urine, extensive bruising in the absence of injury, fatigue, shortness of breath (dyspnea) on exertion. The human consumption or inhalation of compound can also cause fluid in lungs (pulmonary edema). |
Wigner fusion | The Wigner fusion research groups are involved in magnetically confined nuclear fusion experiments around the world. Wigner fusion consists of research groups from four different research institutes and universities, 3 if which are located in the Department of Plasma Physics at the Wigner Research Centre for Physics, one in the Institute of Nuclear Techniques (INT) of the Budapest University of Technology and Economics other specialist are involved from the Centre for Energy Research and from the Institute for Nuclear Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, in the coordination of the Wigner Research Centre for Physics. Wigner fusion connected to the European fusion research programme through EUROfusion consortium which coordinated fusion research in Europe. At Wigner fusion more than 40 researchers, engineers and technicians work together in these research groups who are involved in more than half a dozen magnetic confinement experiments around the world, such as ITER, JET, Asdex-Upgrade, W7-X, KSTAR, EAST, MAST-Upgrade and COMPASS. |
Constrained optimization | In mathematical optimization, constrained optimization (in some contexts called constraint optimization) is the process of optimizing an objective function with respect to some variables in the presence of constraints on those variables. The objective function is either a cost function or energy function, which is to be minimized, or a reward function or utility function, which is to be maximized. Constraints can be either hard constraints, which set conditions for the variables that are required to be satisfied, or soft constraints, which have some variable values that are penalized in the objective function if, and based on the extent that, the conditions on the variables are not satisfied. |
Geometric networks | A geometric network is an object commonly used in geographic information systems to model a series of interconnected features. A geometric network is similar to a graph in mathematics and computer science, and can be described and analyzed using theories and concepts similar to graph theory. Geometric networks are often used to model road networks and public utility networks (such as electric, gas, and water utilities). Geometric networks are called in recent years very often spatial networks. |
Rasmussen's encephalitis | Rasmussen's encephalitis is a rare inflammatory neurological disease, characterized by frequent and severe seizures, loss of motor skills and speech, hemiparesis (weakness on one side of the body), encephalitis (inflammation of the brain), and dementia. The illness affects a single cerebral hemisphere and generally occurs in children under the age of 15. |
Hip examination | In medicine, physiotherapy, chiropractic, and osteopathy the hip examination, or hip exam, is undertaken when a patient has a complaint of hip pain and/or signs and/or symptoms suggestive of hip joint pathology. It is a physical examination maneuver. |
BEX4 | Brain expressed, X-linked 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BEX4 gene.This gene is a member of the brain expressed X-linked gene family. Proteins encoded by other members of this family act as transcription elongation factors that allow RNA polymerase II to escape pausing during elongation. Multiple alternatively spliced variants encoding the same protein have been identified. |
NqrA-Marinomonas RNA motif | The nqrA-Marinomonas RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure that was discovered by bioinformatics.nqrA-Marinomonas motif RNAs are found in Marinomonas. |
Computer-based test interpretation in psychological assessment | Computer-based test interpretation (CBTI) programs are technological tools that have been commonly used to interpret data in psychological assessments since the 1960s. CBTI programs are used for a myriad of psychological tests, like clinical interviews or problem rating, but are most frequently exercised in psychological and neuropsychological assessments. CBTI programs are either empirically based or clinically based. The empirically based programs, or actuarial assessment programs, use statistical analyses to interpret the data, while the clinically based programs, or automated assessment programs, rely on information from expert clinicians and research. Although CBTI programs are successful in test-retest reliability, there have been major concerns and criticisms regarding the programs' ability to assess inter-rater and internal consistency reliability. Research has shown that the validity of CBTI programs has not been confirmed, due to the varying reports of individual programs. CBTI programs are very efficient in that they save time, reduce human error, are cost effective, and are objective/reliable, yet limited in that they are not always used by adequately trained evaluators or are not integrated with multiple sources of data. As technology continues to transform our modern society, computer-based interpretation programs have the possibility to expand their software and even alleviate some of the current concerns with the programs' methodology. |
Nickel manganese oxide | Nickel manganese oxides, or nickel manganates, are spinel structure compounds of Nickel, Manganese and Oxygen of the form: Ni(x)Mn(3-x)O(y)Some common forms are Ni2MnO4, NiMn2O4, and Ni1.5Mn1.5O4They are most commonly formulated for use in thin film resistors and thermistors. The resistivity and temperature coefficient can be accurately controlled in the manufacturing process. In nickel-metal hydride batteries the addition of manganese oxide provides for formation of spinel structure nickel manganates in various oxidation states, with higher conductivity and charge capacity than nickel hydroxides alone. |
Overdrafting | Overdrafting is the process of extracting groundwater beyond the equilibrium yield of an aquifer. Groundwater is one of the largest sources of fresh water and is found underground. The primary cause of groundwater depletion is the excessive pumping of groundwater up from underground aquifers. |
Cracking the Particle Code of the Universe: The Hunt for the Higgs Boson | Cracking the Particle Code of the Universe: The Hunt for the Higgs Boson is a 2014 popular science book by Canadian physicist John Moffat. The first half of the book gives the reader an explanation of the particle physicists' Standard Model and the physical concepts associated with it, together with some possible alternatives to, and extensions of, the Standard Model. In the second half of the book, Moffat gives his personal account (up to March 2013) of how the discovery of the Higgs boson actually happened at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). He writes about conferences he attended and interviews with some of the LHC physicists.The book received favorable reviews from Sabine Hossenfelder in Physics World and from Michael Peskin in Physics Today |
Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase | Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.86, SHIP, p150Ship) is an enzyme with systematic name 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphohydrolase, that has two isoforms: SHIP1 (produced by the gene INPP5D) and SHIP2 (INPPL1). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate + H2O ⇌ 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate + phosphateThis enzyme hydrolyses 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3) to produce PtdIns(3,4)P2. |
Crotamiton | Crotamiton is a drug that is used both as a scabicidal (for treating scabies) and as a general antipruritic (anti-itching drug). It is a prescription, lotion-based medicine that is applied to the whole body to get rid of the scabies parasite that burrows under the skin and causes itching. |
GigaMesh Software Framework | The GigaMesh Software Framework is a free and open-source software for display, editing and visualization of 3D-data typically acquired with structured light or structure from motion.It provides numerous functions for analysis of archaeological objects like cuneiform tablets, ceramics or converted LiDAR data. Typically applications are unwrappings (or rollouts), profile cuts (or cross sections) as well as visualizations of distances and curvature, which can be exported as raster graphics or vector graphics. |
Steam exploded fiber | Steam exploded fiber is a pulping and extraction technique that has been applied to wood and other fibrous organic material. The resulting fibers can be combined with organic polymers to produce fiber composite materials. Alternatively, the fibers, along with other extracted substances, can be processed chemically or digested to produce ethanol and other useful substances. |
Strip game | Strip games or stripping games are games which have clothing removal as a gameplay element or mechanic. The clothing may be removed to keep score, or as penalty for a loss. Some games are sexualised and the eventual complete loss of clothing is considered part of a usual game in the style of a striptease, whereas others merely presume the loss of clothing as an inconvenience. While games involving stripping have been invented independently of non-stripping games, it is also the case that games not normally involving clothing loss can be adapted into strip games. In such instances, some rulesets are more amenable to adaptation than others. |
Tauopathy | Tauopathy belongs to a class of neurodegenerative diseases involving the aggregation of tau protein into neurofibrillary or gliofibrillary tangles in the human brain. Tangles are formed by hyperphosphorylation of the microtubule protein known as tau, causing the protein to dissociate from microtubules and form insoluble aggregates. (These aggregations are also called paired helical filaments.) The mechanism of tangle formation is not well understood, and whether tangles are a primary cause of Alzheimer's disease or play a peripheral role is unknown. |
HNRNPA1 | Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HNRNPA1 gene. Mutations in hnRNP A1 are causative of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and the syndrome multisystem proteinopathy. |
Sinus (botany) | In botany, a sinus is a space or indentation between two lobes or teeth, usually on a leaf. The term is also used in mycology. For example, one of the defining characteristics of North American species in the Morchella elata clade of morels is the presence of a sinus where the cap attaches to the stipe. |
Antiestrogen | Antiestrogens, also known as estrogen antagonists or estrogen blockers, are a class of drugs which prevent estrogens like estradiol from mediating their biological effects in the body. They act by blocking the estrogen receptor (ER) and/or inhibiting or suppressing estrogen production. Antiestrogens are one of three types of sex hormone antagonists, the others being antiandrogens and antiprogestogens. Antiestrogens are commonly used to stop steroid hormones, estrogen, from binding to the estrogen receptors leading to the decrease of estrogen levels. Decreased levels of estrogen can lead to complications in sexual development. Antiandrogens are sex hormone antagonists which are able to lower the production and the effects that testosterone can have on female bodies. |
Heinrich Wieland Prize | The Heinrich Wieland Prize is awarded annually by the Boehringer Ingelheim Foundation for outstanding research on biologically active molecules and systems in the areas of chemistry, biochemistry and physiology as well as their clinical importance.
In 1963, the Margarine Institute established the Heinrich Wieland Prize to support research in the field of lipids. In 2000, the Margarine Institute ended its sponsorship of the Prize and the pharmaceutical company Boehringer Ingelheim became the new sponsor. In 2011, the Boehringer Ingelheim Foundation took over the prize.
The awardee is selected by a scientific board of trustees. The prize is named after the Nobel Prize Laureate in chemistry Professor Heinrich Wieland (1877-1957), one of the leading lipid chemists of the first half of the 20th century. To mark its 50th anniversary in 2014, the prize money was raised to 100,000 euros.
Four of its awardees have gone on to receive the Nobel Prize: Michael S. Brown and Joseph L. Goldstein (1974), Bengt Samuelsson (1981) and James E. Rothman 1990. |
Nagare (web framework) | Nagare is a free and open-source web framework for developing web applications in Stackless Python.Nagare uses a component model inspired by Seaside, and, like Seaside, Nagare uses continuations to provide a framework where the HTTP connectionless request / response cycle doesn't break the normal control flow of the application. This allows web applications to be developed in much the same way as desktop applications, for rapid application development. However, Nagare is written in Python rather than Smalltalk. |
ACS Chemical Neuroscience | ACS Chemical Neuroscience is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Chemical Society. It covers research on the molecular underpinnings of nerve function. The journal was established in 2010. The founding editor-in-chief was Craig W. Lindsley (Vanderbilt University), the current editor-in-chief is Jacob Hooker (Harvard Medical School).
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 5.780. |
Glucose/fructose/phosphoric acid | Glucose/fructose/phosphoric acid (trade name Emetrol) is an over-the-counter antiemetic taken to relieve nausea and vomiting. Made by WellSpring Pharmaceutical Corporation, it was formerly distributed by McNeil Consumer Healthcare. |
Linear programming decoding | In information theory and coding theory, linear programming decoding (LP decoding) is a decoding method which uses concepts from linear programming (LP) theory to solve decoding problems. This approach was first used by Jon Feldman et al. They showed how the LP can be used to decode block codes.
The basic idea behind LP decoding is to first represent the maximum likelihood decoding of a linear code as an integer linear program, and then relax the integrality constraints on the variables into linear inequalities. |
Duvetyne | Duvetyne, or duvetyn, (also known as Molton and Rokel) is a twill fabric with a velvet-like nap on one side. Duvetyne has a matte finish and its high opacity makes it ideal for blocking light.
It may be woven from cotton, wool, or—in rare cases, mainly in the early 20th century—silk. If made of cotton, it is usually called suede cloth. If wool or wool-blend, it is fulled, napped, and sheared. This entirely hides the weave, making it a blind-faced cloth.
Although it is most commonly used in the motion picture industry, early sources list duvetyne as a common fabric for dresses, suits, and coats. By the 1930s, however, it was widely noted for its use in constructing theatrical cycloramas and theater curtains. |
Elasticity (cloud computing) | In distributed system and system resource, elasticity is defined as "the degree to which a system is able to adapt to workload changes by provisioning and de-provisioning resources in an autonomic manner, such that at each point in time the available resources match the current demand as closely as possible". Elasticity is a defining characteristic that differentiates cloud computing from previously proposed computing paradigms, such as grid computing. The dynamic adaptation of capacity, e.g., by altering the use of computing resources, to meet a varying workload is called "elastic computing".In the world of distributed systems, there are several definitions according to the authors, some considering the concepts of scalability a sub-part of elasticity, others as being distinct. |
Nanowire lasers | Semiconductor nanowire lasers are nano-scaled lasers that can be embedded on chips and constitute an advance for computing and information processing applications. Nanowire lasers are coherent light sources (single mode optical waveguides) as any other laser device, with the advantage of operating at the nanoscale. Built by molecular beam epitaxy, nanowire lasers offer the possibility for direct integration on silicon, and the construction of optical interconnects and data communication at the chip scale. Nanowire lasers are built from III–V semiconductor heterostructures. Their unique 1D configuration and high refractive index allow for low optical loss and recirculation in the active nanowire core region. This enables subwavelength laser sizes of only a few hundred nanometers. Nanowires are Fabry–Perot resonator cavities defined by the end facets of the wire, therefore they do not require polishing or cleaving for high-reflectivity facets as in conventional lasers. |
Social viewing | Social viewing (also known as Watch Party or GroupWatch) describes a recently developed practice revolving around the ability for multiple users to aggregate from multiple sources and view online videos together in a synchronized viewing experience.
Typically the experience also involves some form of instant messaging or communication to facilitate discussion pertaining to the common viewing experience. |
Dimethylformamide | Dimethylformamide is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)2NC(O)H. Commonly abbreviated as DMF (although this initialism is sometimes used for dimethylfuran, or dimethyl fumarate), this colourless liquid is miscible with water and the majority of organic liquids. DMF is a common solvent for chemical reactions. Dimethylformamide is odorless, but technical-grade or degraded samples often have a fishy smell due to impurity of dimethylamine. Dimethylamine degradation impurities can be removed by sparging samples with an inert gas such as argon or by sonicating the samples under reduced pressure. As its name indicates, it is structurally related to formamide, having two methyl groups in the place of the two hydrogens. DMF is a polar (hydrophilic) aprotic solvent with a high boiling point. It facilitates reactions that follow polar mechanisms, such as SN2 reactions. |
Immediate early gene | Immediate early genes (IEGs) are genes which are activated transiently and rapidly in response to a wide variety of cellular stimuli. They represent a standing response mechanism that is activated at the transcription level in the first round of response to stimuli, before any new proteins are synthesized. IEGs are distinct from "late response" genes, which can only be activated later, following the synthesis of early response gene products. Thus IEGs have been called the "gateway to the genomic response". The term can describe viral regulatory proteins that are synthesized following viral infection of a host cell, or cellular proteins that are made immediately following stimulation of a resting cell by extracellular signals. |
Ethanol fermentation | Ethanol fermentation, also called alcoholic fermentation, is a biological process which converts sugars such as glucose, fructose, and sucrose into cellular energy, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide as by-products. Because yeasts perform this conversion in the absence of oxygen, alcoholic fermentation is considered an anaerobic process. It also takes place in some species of fish (including goldfish and carp) where (along with lactic acid fermentation) it provides energy when oxygen is scarce.Ethanol fermentation is the basis for alcoholic beverages, ethanol fuel and bread dough rising. |
Peroxide process | The peroxide process is a method for the industrial production of hydrazine. |
SKF-91488 | SKF-91488 is a histamine N-methyltransferase inhibitor. It prevents the degradation of histamine, leading to increased histamine levels. |
IAmaze | iAmaze is an Internet company that specializes in web applications created in dynamic HTML. Applications created by the company are designed to run on all browsers and operating systems, without downloads or plug-ins.
AOL purchased the company on September 5, 2000, and commented that "iAmaze will help further strengthen its services by providing Web-based applications from this platform with the speed and functionality of traditional client-side desktop applications." |
Time/memory/data tradeoff attack | A time/memory/data tradeoff attack is a type of cryptographic attack where an attacker tries to achieve a situation similar to the space–time tradeoff but with the additional parameter of data, representing the amount of data available to the attacker. An attacker balances or reduces one or two of those parameters in favor of the other one or two. This type of attack is very difficult, so most of the ciphers and encryption schemes in use were not designed to resist it. |
System console | One meaning of system console, computer console, root console, operator's console, or simply console is the text entry and display device for system administration messages, particularly those from the BIOS or boot loader, the kernel, from the init system and from the system logger. It is a physical device consisting of a keyboard and a screen, and traditionally is a text terminal, but may also be a graphical terminal. System consoles are generalized to computer terminals, which are abstracted respectively by virtual consoles and terminal emulators. Today communication with system consoles is generally done abstractly, via the standard streams (stdin, stdout, and stderr), but there may be system-specific interfaces, for example those used by the system kernel.Another, older, meaning of system console, computer console, hardware console, operator's console or simply console is a hardware component used by an operator to control the hardware, typically some combination of front panel, keyboard/printer and keyboard/display. |
Biotechnology Heritage Award | The Biotechnology Heritage Award recognizes individuals who have made significant contributions to the development of biotechnology through discovery, innovation, and public understanding. It is presented annually at the Biotechnology Innovation Organization (BIO) Annual International Convention by the Biotechnology Innovation Organization (BIO, formerly the Biotechnology Industry Organization) and the Science History Institute (formerly the Chemical Heritage Foundation). The purpose of the award is "to encourage emulation, inspire achievement, and promote public understanding of modern science, industry, and economics". |
Varimax rotation | In statistics, a varimax rotation is used to simplify the expression of a particular sub-space in terms of just a few major items each. The actual coordinate system is unchanged, it is the orthogonal basis that is being rotated to align with those coordinates. The sub-space found with principal component analysis or factor analysis is expressed as a dense basis with many non-zero weights which makes it hard to interpret. Varimax is so called because it maximizes the sum of the variances of the squared loadings (squared correlations between variables and factors). Preserving orthogonality requires that it is a rotation that leaves the sub-space invariant. Intuitively, this is achieved if, (a) any given variable has a high loading on a single factor but near-zero loadings on the remaining factors and if (b) any given factor is constituted by only a few variables with very high loadings on this factor while the remaining variables have near-zero loadings on this factor. If these conditions hold, the factor loading matrix is said to have "simple structure," and varimax rotation brings the loading matrix closer to such simple structure (as much as the data allow). From the perspective of individuals measured on the variables, varimax seeks a basis that most economically represents each individual—that is, each individual can be well described by a linear combination of only a few basis functions. |
Rack card | A rack card is a document used for commercial advertising, frequently in convenience stores, hotels, landmarks, restaurants, rest areas and other locations that enjoy significant foot traffic. Rack cards are typically 4 by 9 inches in size and sport high-impact graphic design. |
Door-to-balloon | Door-to-balloon is a time measurement in emergency cardiac care (ECC), specifically in the treatment of ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (or STEMI). The interval starts with the patient's arrival in the emergency department, and ends when a catheter guidewire crosses the culprit lesion in the cardiac cath lab. Because of the adage that "time is muscle", meaning that delays in treating a myocardial infarction increase the likelihood and amount of cardiac muscle damage due to localised hypoxia, ACC/AHA guidelines recommend a door-to-balloon interval of no more than 90 minutes. As of 2006 in the United States, fewer than half of STEMI patients received reperfusion with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) within the guideline-recommended timeframe. It has become a core quality measure for the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (TJC). |
Damerau–Levenshtein distance | In information theory and computer science, the Damerau–Levenshtein distance (named after Frederick J. Damerau and Vladimir I. Levenshtein) is a string metric for measuring the edit distance between two sequences. Informally, the Damerau–Levenshtein distance between two words is the minimum number of operations (consisting of insertions, deletions or substitutions of a single character, or transposition of two adjacent characters) required to change one word into the other. |
SIP extensions for the IP Multimedia Subsystem | The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is the signaling protocol selected by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to create and control multimedia sessions with two or more participants in the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), and therefore is a key element in the IMS framework. |
OPIE Authentication System | OPIE is the initialism of "One time Passwords In Everything". Opie is a mature, Unix-like login and password package installed on the server and the client which makes untrusted networks safer against password-sniffing packet-analysis software like dSniff and safe against shoulder surfing.
It works by circumventing the delayed attack method because the same password is never used twice after installing Opie. OPIE implements a one-time password (OTP) scheme based on S/KEY, which will require a secret passphrase (not echoed) to generate a password for the current session, or a list of passwords you can print and carry on your person.
OPIE uses an MD4 or MD5 hash function to generate passwords.
OPIE can restrict its logins based on IP address. It uses its own passwd and login modules.
If the Enter key ↵ Enter is pressed at the password prompt, it will turn echo on, so what is being typed can be seen when entering an unfamiliar password from a printout.
OPIE can improve security when accessing online banking at conferences, hotels and airports. Some countries require banks to implement OTP.
OPIE shipped with DragonFly BSD, FreeBSD and OpenSUSE. It can be installed on a Unix-like server and clients for improved security.
The commands are opiepasswd opiekey |
Knockdown texture | Knockdown texture is a drywall finishing style. It is a mottled texture, more intense than a simple flat finish, but less intense than orange peel, or popcorn, texture.
Knockdown texture is created by watering down joint compound to a soupy consistency. A trowel is then used to apply the joint compound. The joint compound will begin to form stalactites as it dries. The trowel is then run over the surface of the drywall, knocking off the stalactites and leaving the mottled finish. |
VPS29 | VPS29 is a human gene coding for the vacuolar protein sorting protein Vps29, a component of the retromer complex. |
Trelagliptin | Trelagliptin (trade name Zafatek) is a pharmaceutical drug used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (diabetes mellitus). |
Functional airspace block | Functional airspace block (FAB) is defined in the SES-2 legislative package, as follows: A FAB means an airspace block based on operational requirements and established regardless of State boundaries, where the provision of air navigation services and related functions are performance-driven and optimized with a view to introducing, in each functional airspace block, enhanced cooperation among air navigation service providers or, where appropriate, an integrated provider. In the context of the Single European Sky (SES) regulations of the European Union and in particular in accordance with Article 8 of the Framework Regulation, the European Commission has issued a mandate to the Eurocontrol Agency for support in the establishment of Functional Airspace Blocks (FABs). |
Pocket mutation chess | Pocket mutation chess is a chess variant invented by Mike Nelson in 2003. In this game a player can take a piece from the board and put it into a pocket. The piece in the pocket can be put back on the board later. When placing the piece into the pocket the player can mutate the piece, i.e. change it to a different piece. |
Metaphysics | Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that studies the fundamental nature of reality. This includes the first principles of: being or existence, identity, change, space and time, cause and effect, necessity, actuality, and possibility.Metaphysics is considered one of the four main branches of philosophy, along with epistemology, logic, and ethics. |
Secure Electronic Transaction | Secure Electronic Transaction (SET) is a communications protocol standard for securing credit card transactions over networks, specifically, the Internet. SET was not itself a payment system, but rather a set of security protocols and formats that enabled users to employ the existing credit card payment infrastructure on an open network in a secure fashion. However, it failed to gain attraction in the market. Visa now promotes the 3-D Secure scheme. |
OsiriX | OsiriX is an image processing application for the Apple MacOS operating system dedicated to DICOM images (".dcm" / ".DCM" extension) produced by equipment (MRI, CT, PET, PET-CT, ...). OsiriX is complementary to existing viewers, in particular to nuclear medicine viewers. It can also read many other file formats: TIFF (8,16, 32 bits), JPEG, PDF, AVI, MPEG and QuickTime. It is fully compliant with the DICOM standard for image communication and image file formats. OsiriX is able to receive images transferred by DICOM communication protocol from any PACS or medical imaging modality (STORE SCP - Service Class Provider, STORE SCU - Service Class User, and Query/Retrieve). |
Ratio (journal) | Ratio is a peer-reviewed academic journal of analytic philosophy, edited by David S. Oderberg (Reading University) and published by Wiley-Blackwell. Ratio is published quarterly and in December publishes a special issue that is focused specifically on one area, calling on specialists in that field of study to contribute.
It is a successor to a previous journal, also called Ratio and published in parallel editions in German and English. It was sponsored by the Society for the Furtherance of the Critical Philosophy and the Philosophisch-politische Akademie which ran from 1957 until December 1987 with 29 volumes. |
Zhani | Zhani (asomtavruli Ⴏ, nuskhuri ⴏ, mkhedruli ჟ) is the 18th letter of the three Georgian scripts.In the system of Georgian numerals it has a value of 90.Zhani commonly represents voiced palato-alveolar sibilant consonant /ʒ/, like the pronunciation of ⟨ʒ⟩ in "vision". |
Loeys–Dietz syndrome | Loeys–Dietz syndrome (LDS) is an autosomal dominant genetic connective tissue disorder. It has features similar to Marfan syndrome and Ehlers–Danlos syndrome. The disorder is marked by aneurysms in the aorta, often in children, and the aorta may also undergo sudden dissection in the weakened layers of the wall of the aorta. Aneurysms and dissections also can occur in arteries other than the aorta. Because aneurysms in children tend to rupture early, children are at greater risk for dying if the syndrome is not identified. Surgery to repair aortic aneurysms is essential for treatment. |
Overture (software) | Overture is a music notation (scorewriter) program for Windows and Macintosh platforms, published and developed by Sonic Scores. While Overture is primarily a scorewriter program, it also allows editing the score's MIDI audio playback data in the manner of sequencer and digital audio workstation (DAW) software.
To facilitate film scoring, Overture has the ability to play film video footage synchronized to the score playback, and to insert precise time markers into the score.Overture was the first scorewriter to feature full Virtual Studio Technology (VST) hosting, allowing audio playback of the score with virtual instruments, controlled by the program's mixing-desk style interface. |
Mastoid cells | The mastoid cells (also called air cells of Lenoir or mastoid cells of Lenoir) are air-filled cavities within the mastoid process of the temporal bone of the cranium. The mastoid cells are a form of skeletal pneumaticity. Infection in these cells is called mastoiditis. The term "cells" here refers to enclosed spaces, not cells as living, biological units. |
1,2-Propanedithiol | 1,2-Propanedithiol, sometimes called 1,2-dimercaptopropane, is a thiol with the formula HSCH2CH(SH)CH3. This colorless, intensely odorous liquid is the simplest chiral dithiol. Related dithiols include 1,2-ethanedithiol, 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid, and 1,3-propanedithiol. It is generated by the addition of H2S to the related episulfide, CH3CHCH2S.
Refractive index = 1.531-1.541 |
Adduct purification | Adduct purification is a technique for preparing extremely pure simple organometallic compounds, which are generally unstable and hard to handle, by purifying a stable adduct with a Lewis acid and then obtaining the desired product from the pure adduct by thermal decomposition.
Epichem Limited is the licensee of the major patents in this field, and uses the trademark EpiPure to refer to adduct-purified materials; Professor Anthony Jones at Liverpool University is the initiator of the field and author of many of the important papers.
The choice of Lewis acid and of reaction medium is important; the desired organometallics are almost always air- and water-sensitive. Initial work was done in ether, but this led to oxygen impurities, and so more recent work involves tertiary amines or nitrogen-substituted crown ethers. |
Diazaquinone | A diazaquinone is a chemical compound that has an heterocyclic aromatic core including two consecutive doubly-bonded nitrogen atoms −N=N−, with the two =CH− carbon units adjacent to the nitrogens replaced by carbonyl (ketone) groups −(C=O)−. These carbon and nitrogen atoms then comprise a diacyl diimide unit, −(C=O)−N=N−(C=O)−.Two canonical examples are 3,6-pyridazinedione (a quinone of pyridine), emerald-green; and 1,4-phthalazinedione (a quinone of phthalazine) a green crystalline solid (both soluble in acetone and stable at -77 °C).The name was proposed by Thomas J. Kealy in 1962. |
LAN eXtensions for Instrumentation | LAN eXtensions for Instrumentation (LXI) is a standard developed by the LXI Consortium, a consortium that maintains the LXI specification and promotes the LXI Standard. The LXI standard defines the communication protocols for instrumentation and data acquisition systems using Ethernet. Ethernet is a ubiquitous communication standard providing a versatile interface, the LXI standard describes how to use the Ethernet standards for test and measurement applications in a way that promotes simple interoperability between instruments. The LXI Consortium ensures LXI compliant instrumentation developed by various vendors works together with no communication or setup issues. The LXI Consortium ensures that the LXI standard complements other test and measurement control systems, such as GPIB and PXI systems. |
EN 10034 | The EN 10034 "Structural steel I and H sections. Tolerances on shape and dimensions" is a European Standard.
The standard is developed by the technical committee ECISS/TC 103 - Structural steels other than reinforcements. |
Cor Caroli | Cor Caroli is a binary star designated Alpha Canum Venaticorum or α Canum Venaticorum. The International Astronomical Union uses the name "Cor Caroli" specifically for the brighter star of the binary. Alpha Canum Venaticorum is the brightest point of light in the northern constellation of Canes Venatici. |
Mathematics education in the United Kingdom | Mathematics education in the United Kingdom is largely carried out at ages 5–16 at primary school and secondary school (though basic numeracy is taught at an earlier age). However voluntary Mathematics education in the UK takes place from 16 to 18, in sixth forms and other forms of further education. Whilst adults can study the subject at universities and higher education more widely. Mathematics education is not taught uniformly as exams and the syllabus vary across the countries of the United Kingdom, notably Scotland. |
Automatic shotgun | An automatic shotgun is an automatic firearm that fires shotgun shells (thereby making it a shotgun) and uses some of the energy of each shot to automatically cycle the action and load a new round. It will fire repeatedly until the trigger is released or ammunition runs out. Automatic shotguns have a very limited range, but provide tremendous firepower at close range. |
Collectanea Mathematica | Collectanea Mathematica (Collect. Math.) is a mathematical journal of the Institute of Mathematics of the University of Barcelona (IMUB), published by Springer since 2011, with a periodicity of three issues per year. It publishes original research papers in all fields of pure and applied mathematics. |
Barwise compactness theorem | In mathematical logic, the Barwise compactness theorem, named after Jon Barwise, is a generalization of the usual compactness theorem for first-order logic to a certain class of infinitary languages. It was stated and proved by Barwise in 1967. |
Minkowski problem for polytopes | In the geometry of convex polytopes, the Minkowski problem for polytopes concerns the specification of the shape of a polytope by the directions and measures of its facets. The theorem that every polytope is uniquely determined up to translation by this information was proven by Hermann Minkowski; it has been called "Minkowski's theorem", although the same name has also been given to several unrelated results of Minkowski. The Minkowski problem for polytopes should also be distinguished from the Minkowski problem, on specifying convex shapes by their curvature. |
Union-closed sets conjecture | The union-closed sets conjecture is an open problem in combinatorics posed by Péter Frankl in 1979. A family of sets is said to be union-closed if the union of any two sets from the family belongs to the family. The conjecture states: For every finite union-closed family of sets, other than the family containing only the empty set, there exists an element that belongs to at least half of the sets in the family. |
Scatterplot smoothing | In statistics, several scatterplot smoothing methods are available to fit a function through the points of a scatterplot to best represent the relationship between the variables. |
Theta criterion | The theta-criterion (also named θ-criterion) is a constraint on x-bar theory that was first proposed by Noam Chomsky (1981) as a rule within the system of principles of the government and binding theory, called theta-theory (θ-theory). As theta-theory is concerned with the distribution and assignment of theta-roles (a.k.a. thematic roles), the theta-criterion describes the specific match between arguments and theta-roles (θ-roles) in logical form (LF): Being a constraint on x-bar theory, the criterion aims to parse out ill-formed sentences. Thus, if the number or categories of arguments in a sentence does not meet the theta-role assigner's requirement in any given sentence, that sentence will be deemed ungrammatical. (Carnie 2007, p. 224). In other words, theta-criterion sorts sentences into grammatical and ungrammatical bins based on c-selection and s-selection. |
Emerald | Emerald is a gemstone and a variety of the mineral beryl (Be3Al2(SiO3)6) colored green by trace amounts of chromium or sometimes vanadium. Beryl has a hardness of 7.5–8 on the Mohs scale. Most emeralds have lots of material trapped inside during the gem's formation, so their toughness (resistance to breakage) is classified as generally poor. Emerald is a cyclosilicate. |
High Efficiency Video Coding | High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), also known as H.265 and MPEG-H Part 2, is a video compression standard designed as part of the MPEG-H project as a successor to the widely used Advanced Video Coding (AVC, H.264, or MPEG-4 Part 10). In comparison to AVC, HEVC offers from 25% to 50% better data compression at the same level of video quality, or substantially improved video quality at the same bit rate. It supports resolutions up to 8192×4320, including 8K UHD, and unlike the primarily 8-bit AVC, HEVC's higher fidelity Main 10 profile has been incorporated into nearly all supporting hardware. |
OpenSG | OpenSG is a scene graph system to create real-time graphics programs, e.g. for virtual reality applications. It is developed following Open Source principles, LGPL licensed, and can be used freely. It runs on Windows, Linux, Solaris and OS X and is based on OpenGL.
Its main features are advanced multithreading and clustering support (with sort-first and sort-last rendering, amongst other techniques), although it is perfectly usable in a single-threaded single-system application as well.
It is not part of Khronos Group. |
Sixty second review | The sixty second review (also known as a silent review or mental review) is a technique used by flight attendants during the critical phases of flight to focus and prepare them for a sudden emergency. |
Bonfire | A bonfire is a large and controlled outdoor fire, used either for informal disposal of burnable waste material or as part of a celebration. |
NEXPTIME | In computational complexity theory, the complexity class NEXPTIME (sometimes called NEXP) is the set of decision problems that can be solved by a non-deterministic Turing machine using time 2nO(1) In terms of NTIME, NEXPTIME=⋃k∈NNTIME(2nk) Alternatively, NEXPTIME can be defined using deterministic Turing machines as verifiers. A language L is in NEXPTIME if and only if there exist polynomials p and q, and a deterministic Turing machine M, such that For all x and y, the machine M runs in time 2p(|x|) on input (x,y) For all x in L, there exists a string y of length 2q(|x|) such that M(x,y)=1 For all x not in L and all strings y of length 2q(|x|) , M(x,y)=0 We know P ⊆ NP ⊆ EXPTIME ⊆ NEXPTIMEand also, by the time hierarchy theorem, that NP ⊊ NEXPTIMEIf P = NP, then NEXPTIME = EXPTIME (padding argument); more precisely, E ≠ NE if and only if there exist sparse languages in NP that are not in P. |
Clash squeeze | A clash squeeze is a three suit bridge squeeze with a special kind of menace, referred to as clash menace. The clash menace is one that might fall under a winner in the opposite hand, because it can be covered by another card in an opponent's hand. If the clash squeeze can force the opponent to discard his guard, then the clash menace can be cashed separately from the winner opposite. For example, consider this layout of the spade suit: The ♠Q is the clash menace. If, when South plays another suit, West can be forced to discard the ♠K, then the ♠Q and the ♠A can be cashed on separate tricks. Notice the presence of the ♠2, a companion that releases the clash menace to be cashed separately from the ♠A. The ♠2 also serves as a simple menace against East, requiring West to retain his clash-menace guard to allow his partner to guard the suit.Clash squeezes were described and analyzed by Chien-Hwa Wang in Bridge Magazine, in 1956 and 1957. |
HD 222806 | HD 222806 (HR 8995) is a suspected astrometric binary in the southern circumpolar constellation Octans. It has an apparent magnitude of 5.74, allowing it to be faintly seen with the naked eye. Parallax measurements place the system at a distance of 565 light years and it is currently receding with a heliocentric radial velocity of 21 km/s.The visible component has a stellar classification of K1 III, indicating that it is a red giant. At present it has 126% the mass of the Sun, but has expanded to almost 19 times its girth. It radiates at 151 times the luminosity of the Sun from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,865 K, giving it an orange hue. HD 222806 is metal enriched with an iron abundance over twice that of the Sun and is believed to be a member of the young disk population. It spins with a projected rotational velocity lower than 1 km/s. |
Stemmadenine | Stemmadenine is a terpene indole alkaloid. Stemmadenine is believed to be formed from preakuammicine by a carbon-carbon bond cleavage. Cleavage of a second carbon-carbon bond is thought to form dehydrosecodine. The enzymes forming stemmadenine and using it as a substrate remain unknown to date. It is thought to be intermediate compound in many different biosynthetic pathways such as in Aspidosperma species. Many alkaloids are proposed to be produced through intermediate stemmadenine. Some of them are: Catharanthine and Tabersonine in Catharanthus roseus Subincanadines D-F in Aspidosperma subincanumIt is also present as product in plant like in Tabernaemontana dichotoma seeds. |
United States military beret flash | In the United States (US) military, a beret flash is a shield-shaped embroidered cloth that is typically 2.25 in (5.72 cm) tall and 1.875 in (4.76 cm) wide with a semi–circular base that is attached to a stiffener backing of a military beret. These flashes—a British English word for a colorful cloth patch attached to military headgear—are worn over the left eye with the excess cloth of the beret shaped, folded, and pulled over the right ear giving it a distinctive appearance.Army soldiers and non-commissioned officers (NCOs) affix their distinctive unit insignia (DUI), regimental distinctive insignia (when no DUI is authorized), Sergeant Major of the Army collar insignia (when assigned), or Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff collar insignia (when assigned) to the center of their beret flash. Army warrant officers and commissioned officers affix their polished metal rank insignia to the center of their beret flash while general officer's may choose to affix regular or miniature polished metal rank insignia. Army chaplains affix their polished metal branch insignia, vs their rank insignia, to the center of their beret flash. Air Force commissioned officers who are in the security forces or are weather parachutists wear their beret flash in the same manner as the Army while tactical air control party (TACP) officers attach a miniature version of their polished metal rank insignia below the TACP Crest on the TACP Beret Flash. Other Air Force airmen and NCOs assigned to an Air Force specialty code (AFSC) authorized to wear a military beret with a beret flash will affix either their beret flash or beret flash with crest, depending on the AFSC. Joint beret flashes—such as those worn by the Multinational Force and Observers and the Joint Communications Support Element—are worn by all who are assigned, given their uniform regulations allow, and will wear them in the manner prescribed by the joint unit.The design of all US Department of Defense beret flashes are created and/or approved by The Institute of Heraldry, Department of the Army. When a requesting unit is entitled to have its own organizational beret flash, the institute will conduct research into the requesting unit's heraldry, as well as design suggestions from the requesting unit, in the creation of a unit or specialty beret flash. Leveraging geometrical divisions, shapes, and colors a heraldic artist will create a design that will represent the history and mission of the requesting unit. Once the unit agrees upon a design, the institute will authorize the creation of the new beret flash and will establish manufacturing instructions for the companies authorized to produce heraldic materials. The institute will also monitor the production of the new beret flash to ensure quality and accuracy of the design is maintained. |
Resolution independence | Resolution independence is where elements on a computer screen are rendered at sizes independent from the pixel grid, resulting in a graphical user interface that is displayed at a consistent physical size, regardless of the resolution of the screen. |
Göbel's sequence | In mathematics, Göbel's sequence is a sequence of rational numbers defined by the recurrence relation xn=1+x02+x12+⋯+xn−12n, with starting value 1.
Göbel's sequence starts with 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 28, 154, 3520, 1551880, ... (sequence A003504 in the OEIS)The first non-integral value is x43. |
Program Segment Prefix | The Program Segment Prefix (PSP) is a data structure used in DOS systems to store the state of a program. It resembles the Zero Page in the CP/M operating system. The PSP has the following structure: The PSP is most often used to get the command line arguments of a DOS program; for example, the command "FOO.EXE /A /F" executes FOO.EXE with the arguments '/A' and '/F'. |
Surface exposure dating | Surface exposure dating is a collection of geochronological techniques for estimating the length of time that a rock has been exposed at or near Earth's surface. Surface exposure dating is used to date glacial advances and retreats, erosion history, lava flows, meteorite impacts, rock slides, fault scarps, cave development, and other geological events. It is most useful for rocks which have been exposed for between 103 and 106 years. |
Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (non-decarboxylating) | Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (non-decarboxylating) (EC 1.3.99.32, GDHDes, nondecarboxylating glutaryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase, nondecarboxylating glutaconyl-coenzyme A-forming GDH) is an enzyme with systematic name glutaryl-CoA:acceptor 2,3-oxidoreductase (non-decarboxylating). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction glutaryl-CoA + acceptor ⇌ (E)-glutaconyl-CoA + reduced acceptorThe enzyme contains FAD. |
Korean numerals | The Korean language has two regularly used sets of numerals: a native Korean system and Sino-Korean system. The native Korean number system is used for general counting, like counting up to 99. It is also used to count people, hours, objects, ages, and more. Sino-Korean numbers on the other hand are used for purposes such as dates, money, minutes, addresses, phone numbers, and numbers above 100. |
Thermoset polymer matrix | A thermoset polymer matrix is a synthetic polymer reinforcement where polymers act as binder or matrix to secure in place incorporated particulates, fibres or other reinforcements. They were first developed for structural applications, such as glass-reinforced plastic radar domes on aircraft and graphite-epoxy payload bay doors on the Space Shuttle. |
7-Chloro-L-tryptophan oxidase | 7-Chloro-L-tryptophan oxidase (EC 1.4.3.23, RebO) is an enzyme with systematic name 7-chloro-L-tryptophan:oxygen oxidoreductase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction 7-chloro-L-tryptophan + O2 ⇌ 2-imino-3-(7-chloroindol-3-yl)propanoate + H2O2This enzyme contains a noncovalently bound FAD. |
Random man not excluded | Random man not excluded (RMNE) is a type of measure in population genetics to estimate the probability that an individual randomly picked out of the general population would not be excluded from matching a given piece of genetic data.
RMNE is frequently employed in cases where other types of tests such as random match possibility are not possible because the sample in question is degraded or contaminated with multiple sources of DNA. |
Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument | The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) is a scientific research instrument for conducting spectrographic astronomical surveys of distant galaxies. Its main components are a focal plane containing 5,000 fiber-positioning robots, and a bank of spectrographs which are fed by the fibers. The new instrument will enable an experiment to probe the expansion history of the universe and the mysterious physics of dark energy.The instrument is operated by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under funding from the US Department of Energy's Office of Science. Construction of the new instrument, now completed, was principally funded by the US Department of Energy's Office of Science, and by other numerous sources including the US National Science Foundation, the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council, France's Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission, Mexico's National Council of Science and Technology, Spain's Ministry of Science and Innovation, by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, by the Heising-Simons Foundation, and by collaborating institutions worldwide. DESI sits at an elevation of 6,880 feet (2,100 m), where it has been retrofitted onto the Mayall Telescope on top of Kitt Peak in the Sonoran Desert, which is located 55 miles (89 km) from Tucson, Arizona, US. |
Dientamoebiasis | Dientamoebiasis is a medical condition caused by infection with Dientamoeba fragilis, a single-cell parasite that infects the lower gastrointestinal tract of humans. It is an important cause of traveler's diarrhea, chronic abdominal pain, chronic fatigue, and failure to thrive in children. |
Bush regeneration | Bush regeneration, a form of natural area restoration, is the term used in Australia for the ecological restoration of remnant vegetation areas, such as through the minimisation of negative disturbances, both exogenous such as exotic weeds and endogenous such as erosion. It may also attempt to recreate conditions of pre-European arrival, for example by simulating endogenous disturbances such as fire. Bush regeneration attempts to protect and enhance the floral biodiversity in an area by providing conditions conducive to the recruitment and survival of native plants. |
Fluotracen | Fluotracen (SKF-28,175) is a tricyclic drug which has both antidepressant and antipsychotic activity. This profile of effects is similar to that of related agents like amoxapine, loxapine, and trimipramine which may also be used in the treatment of both depression and psychosis. It was believed that such duality would be advantageous in the treatment of schizophrenia, as depression is often comorbid with the disorder and usual antipsychotics often worsen such symptoms. In any case, however, fluotracen was never marketed. |
Chrome Engine | Chrome Engine is a proprietary 3D game engine developed by Techland. The current version, Chrome Engine 6, supports Mac OS X, Linux, Xbox One, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360, PlayStation 3 and Microsoft Windows.
Chrome Engine evolved through over nine years of development. According to its creators the engine allows substantial control over the process of creating game levels. |
Volkswagen ID. Vizzion | The Volkswagen ID. Vizzion is a concept electric vehicle, part of Volkswagen's ID. project. The firm is planning to sell a production version of the vehicle by 2022. It should be expected that some of the claims of the Vizzion Concept, such as the autonomous level 5 driving, will very likely not make it the final 2022 production version of the vehicle. The Vizzion Concept is more likely to represent what driving in the year 2030 could be like. |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.