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Abellaite | Abellaite is a hydrous carbonate mineral discovered in the abandoned Eureka uranium mine in the village of Torre de Capdella (Lleida province), Catalonia, Spain. The ideal chemical formula of abellaite is NaPb2(CO3)2(OH). It is named in honor of Joan Abella i Creus, a Catalan gemmologist who has long studied minerals from the Eureka mine and first found abellaite in the mine. A team composed, among others, by Jordi Ibáñez-Insa from the Institute of Earth Sciences Jaume Almera (CSIC) and by Joan Viñals and Xavier Llovet from the University of Barcelona, identified and characterized the mineral’s structure and chemical composition.Abellaite crystals are colorless to white, with a glassy or pearly appearance, and are easily crumbled. The mineral has a known synthetic analogue and is chemically similar to sanrománite. Robert Hazen et al. predicted its existence in 2015. |
Liuba Shrira | Liuba Shrira is a professor of computer science at Brandeis University, whose research interests primarily involve distributed systems.Liuba Shrira received her PhD from Technion. She is affiliated with the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. Previously, she was a researcher in the MIT Programming Methodology Group (1986–1997), a visiting researcher at Microsoft Research (2004–2005), and a visiting professor at Technion (2010–2011).She is a member of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), which has recognized her as a Distinguished Scientist in 2009, and the IEEE Computer Society.Shrira was one of the founding members of the Systers mailing list for women in computing. |
Archaeological open-air museum | An archaeological open-air museum is a non-profit permanent institution with outdoor true-to-scale architectural reconstructions primarily based on archaeological sources. It holds collections of intangible heritage resources and provides an interpretation of how people lived and acted in the past; this is accomplished according to sound scientific methods for the purposes of education, study and enjoyment of its visitors. |
Batcycle | The Batcycle, Batblade, or Batpod is the fictional personal motorcycle of the DC Comics superhero Batman. In the comic book universe, Batman's personal Batcycle is a modified street-bike with a 786 cc liquid-cooled V-4 engine. It contains a computer-controlled carburetor and bulletproof wind-guard. |
Symphysis pubis dysfunction | Symphysis pubis dysfunction (SPD), commonly known as pubic symphysis dysfunction or lightning crotch, is a condition that causes excessive movement of the pubic symphysis, either anterior or lateral, as well as associated pain, possibly because of a misalignment of the pelvis. Most commonly associated with pregnancy and childbirth, it is diagnosed in approximately 1 in 300 pregnancies, although some estimates of incidence are as high as 1 in 50.SPD is associated with pelvic girdle pain and the names are often used interchangeably. |
Shariki | Shariki (Russian: Ша́рики, "The Marbles") is a puzzle video game written in 1994 for MS-DOS by Russian developer Eugene Alemzhin. The goal of the game is to gain progressively higher scores by matching three or more balls of the same color in a line (vertical or horizontal), by swapping adjacent balls. Each swap must result in a match. Matched balls are then removed, and new ones drop from the top to fill the gaps. The game is over when no more matches are possible in the game field. |
Jeskola Buzz | Jeskola Buzz is a freeware modular software music studio environment designed to run on Microsoft Windows using MFC. It is centered on a modular plugin-based machine view and a multiple pattern sequencer tracker.Buzz consists of a plugin architecture that allows the audio to be routed from one plugin to another in many ways, similar to how cables carry an audio signal between physical pieces of hardware. All aspects of signal synthesis and manipulation are handled entirely by the plugin system. Signal synthesis is performed by "generators" such as synthesizers, noise generator functions, samplers, and trackers. The signal can then be manipulated further by "effects" such as distortions, filters, delays, and mastering plugins. Buzz also provides support through adapters to use VST/VSTi, DirectX/DXi, and DirectX Media Objects as generators and effects. |
Stiff skin syndrome | Stiff skin syndrome (also known as "Congenital fascial dystrophy") is a cutaneous condition characterized by ‘rock hard’ induration, thickening of the skin and subcutaneous tissues, limited joint mobility, and mild hypertrichosis in infancy or early childhood. Immunologic abnormalities or vascular hyperactivity are not present in patients.Not much is known about it, cause or treatment, and further investigation is required, as it has only been reported 41 times throughout history. |
Morforex | Morforex (INN; Bo 637), also referable to as N-morpholinoethylamphetamine, is an anorectic which was never marketed.It produces amphetamine as an active metabolite. |
Pico-ITX | In computer design, Pico-ITX is a PC motherboard form factor announced by VIA Technologies in January 2007 and demonstrated later the same year at CeBIT. The formfactor was transferred over to SFF-SIG in 2008. The Pico-ITX form factor specifications call for the board to be 10 × 7.2 cm (3.9 × 2.8 in), which is half the area of Nano-ITX. |
Tot System | The Tot System, also known as the Dop System (after the Afrikaans word 'dop' meaning an alcoholic drink), is a notorious truck system which was used in South African wine farms particularly in the Western Cape. Farm workers would receive payment in the form of money with a daily measure of cheap wine as a fringe benefit. This practice increased and exacerbated alcoholism among farm workers, which resulted in widespread social damage among communities, particularly the Cape Coloured community. |
Weave (digital printing) | Weaving is a technique used in digital printing to reduce visual bands resulting from the proximity of adjacent print nozzles. Horizontal rows are printed out of order and "weaved" together with subsequent passes of the print head. |
Sheba (cat food) | Sheba (from Arabic شبع šabiʿa = to become sated) is a brand of canned cat food produced by Mars, Incorporated. |
Normal type | Normal type (in German: Normaltyp) is a typological term in sociology coined by the German sociologist Ferdinand Tönnies (1855–1936). It can be considered both as a forerunner of, and a challenge to, the rather better known concept of Max Weber’s: the ideal type (in German Idealtyp). |
Cytochrome b561 | Cytochrome b561 is an integral membrane protein responsible for electron transport, binding two heme groups non-covalently. It is a family of ascorbate-dependent oxidoreductase enzymes. |
Bell Laboratories Layered Space-Time | Bell Laboratories Layer Space-Time (BLAST) is a transceiver architecture for offering spatial multiplexing over multiple-antenna wireless communication systems. Such systems have multiple antennas at both the transmitter and the receiver in an effort to exploit the many different paths between the two in a highly-scattering wireless environment. BLAST was developed by Gerard Foschini at Lucent Technologies' Bell Laboratories (now Nokia Bell Labs). By careful allocation of the data to be transmitted to the transmitting antennas, multiple data streams can be transmitted simultaneously within a single frequency band — the data capacity of the system then grows directly in line with the number of antennas (subject to certain assumptions). This represents a significant advance on current, single-antenna systems. |
Th-fronting | Th-fronting is the pronunciation of the English "th" as "f" or "v". When th-fronting is applied, [θ] becomes [f] (for example, three is pronounced as free) and [ð] becomes [v] (for example, bathe is pronounced as bave). (Here "fronting" refers to the position in the mouth where the sound is produced, not the position of the sound in the word, with the "th" coming from the tongue as opposed to the "f" or "v" coming from the more-forward lower lip.) Unlike the fronting of [θ] to [f], the fronting of [ð] to [v] usually does not occur word-initially (for example, while bathe can be pronounced as bave, that is rarely pronounced as *vat) although this was found in the speech of South-East London in a survey completed 1990-4. Th-fronting is a prominent feature of several dialects of English, notably Cockney, Essex dialect, Estuary English, some West Country and Yorkshire dialects, African American Vernacular English, and Liberian English, as well as in many non-native English speakers (e.g. Hong Kong English, though the details differ among those accents). |
Incisor procumbency | In rodents, incisor procumbency refers to the orientation of the upper incisor, defined by the position of the cutting edge of the incisor relative to the vertical plane of the incisors. Proodont (or procumbent) incisors have the cutting edge in front of the vertical plane, orthodont teeth have it perpendicular to the plane, opisthodont incisors have it behind the plane, and hyper-opisthodont teeth have the cutting edge even behind the back of the alveolus of the incisor.Phyllotini are mostly opisthodont, but Auliscomys and Galenomys are orthodont and have sometimes even been described as proodont, and Eligmodontia, Loxodontomys, and some species of Calomys are hyper-opisthodont. Irenomys, Reithrodon, and Neotomys, formerly classified as phyllotines, are also hyper-opisthodont. Oryzomyini are also mostly opisthodont, but Amphinectomys savamis, Handleyomys fuscatus, Melanomys caliginosus, Mindomys hammondi, Scolomys melanops, and Sigmodontomys aphrastus are orthodont. |
Atrolysin E | Atrolysin E (EC 3.4.24.44, Crotalus atrox metalloendopeptidase e, hemorrhagic toxin e) is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction Cleavage of Asn3-Gln, Ser9-His and Ala14-Leu bonds in insulin B chain and Tyr14-Gln and Thr8-Ser in A chain. Cleaves type IV collagen at Ala73-Gln in alpha1(IV) and at Gly7-Leu in alpha2(IV)This endopeptidase is present in the venom of the western diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox). |
Bull's-Eye Barbecue Sauce | Bull's-Eye Barbecue Sauce is a barbecue sauce created and distributed by Kraft Heinz in the United States and Canada. It is also the official BBQ sauce of the Calgary Stampede. |
Nuisance parameter | In statistics, a nuisance parameter is any parameter which is unspecified but which must be accounted for in the hypothesis testing of the parameters which are of interest. The classic example of a nuisance parameter comes from the normal distribution, a member of the location–scale family. For at least one normal distribution, the variance(s), σ2 is often not specified or known, but one desires to hypothesis test on the mean(s). Another example might be linear regression with unknown variance in the explanatory variable (the independent variable): its variance is a nuisance parameter that must be accounted for to derive an accurate interval estimate of the regression slope, calculate p-values, hypothesis test on the slope's value; see regression dilution. |
Silencer (video game) | Silencer is an online, multiplayer-only video game by Mind Control Software that was published by the World Opponent Network (WON.net) for free play on their website in January 2000. It features capture-the-flag-style gameplay—common in 3D first-person shooter arenas at the time—but presents it in a low-resource 2D package. The game was released by WON.net as an open beta. It saw a number of beta updates before it was removed, without explanation, from WON.net's website in September 2000 and the multiplayer servers shut down in October 2000. Silencer is a bit of an anomaly in that it managed to spawn a fan-made WONswap site, 7 known fansites, plus a legacy of independent multiplayer servers and game clones (see below), from its short run as an open beta on WON.net. |
Feminist art | Feminist art is a category of art associated with the late 1960s and 1970s feminist movement. Feminist art highlights the societal and political differences women experience in their lives. The hopeful gain from this form of art is to bring a positive and understanding change to the world, in hope to lead to equality or liberation. Media used range from traditional art forms such as painting to more unorthodox methods such as performance art, conceptual art, body art, craftivism, video, film, and fiber art. Feminist art has served as an innovative driving force towards expanding the definition of art through the incorporation of new media and a new perspective. |
Isolation valve | An isolation valve is a valve in a fluid handling system that stops the flow of process media to a given location, usually for maintenance or safety purposes. They can also be used to provide flow logic (selecting one flow path versus another), and to connect external equipment to a system. A valve is classified as an isolation valve because of its intended function in a system, not because of the type of the valve itself. Therefore, many different types of valves can be classified as isolation valves. |
Hematine | Hematine (also magnetic hematite, hemalyke or hemalike) is an artificial magnetic material. Hematine is widely used in jewelry.Although it is claimed by many that it is made from ground hematite or iron oxide mixed with a resin, analysis (of one object) has demonstrated it to be an entirely artificial compound, a barium-strontium ferrite. |
Chimol | Chimol (also known chirmol and chismol) is a common Central American cuisine or condiment topping on foods such as carne asada. |
Emdebian Grip | Emdebian Grip is a discontinued small-footprint Linux distribution based on and compatible with Debian. Compared to Debian, it provides more fine-grained control over the package selection, size, dependencies and content, enabling that way creation of small and efficient Debian packages for use on resource-limited embedded systems. As a result, reduced installation size is one of the main benefits coming from the Emdebian Grip.As of July 13, 2014, the Emdebian Grip project is terminated with no available updates or planned new releases, leaving the version 3.1, which is based on Debian 7.1 ("wheezy"), as the no longer supported latest stable release. |
Sulglicotide | Sulglicotide (or sulglycotide) is a drug used for peptic ulcer and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. |
Cross country running shoe | Cross country running shoes are made for cross country running, a form of long distance running. Season-specific trainers are available for different types of training. |
Village-level operation and maintenance (pumps) | Village Level Operation and Maintenance (VLOM) is an unofficial classification given to handpumps used in developing countries that require minimal maintenance or that can be done "at the village level." Not all maintenance and repair needs to be done by the villagers for a pump to be classed as a VLOM pump. VLOMM, or Village Level Operation and Management of Maintenance is often used synonymously. This addition emphasizes the role of users as the managers of maintenance able choose to use someone from outside the village to assist with more complicated repairs. |
Bolt (climbing) | In rock climbing, a bolt is a permanent anchor fixed into a hole drilled in the rock as a form of climbing protection. Most bolts are either self-anchoring expansion bolts or fixed in place with liquid resin. Climbing routes that are bolted as known as sport climbs, and those that do not use (or allow) bolts, are known as traditional climbs. |
Akbot | Akbot was a computer virus that infected an estimated 1.3 million computers and added them to a botnet. It was created by an 18-year-old named Owen Walker, who was charged but unconvicted in 2008. |
External combustion engine | An external combustion engine (EC engine) is a reciprocating heat engine where a working fluid, contained internally, is heated by combustion in an external source, through the engine wall or a heat exchanger. The fluid then, by expanding and acting on the mechanism of the engine, produces motion and usable work. The fluid is then dumped (open cycle), or cooled, compressed and reused (closed cycle). In these types of engines, the combustion is primarily used as a heat source, and the engine can work equally well with other types of heat sources. |
Rolling blackout | A rolling blackout, also referred to as rota or rotational load shedding, rota disconnection, feeder rotation, or a rotating outage, is an intentionally engineered electrical power shutdown in which electricity delivery is stopped for non-overlapping periods of time over different parts of the distribution region. Rolling blackouts are a last-resort measure used by an electric utility company to avoid a total blackout of the power system. |
IBM Spectrum LSF | IBM Spectrum LSF (LSF, originally Platform Load Sharing Facility) is a workload management platform, job scheduler, for distributed high performance computing (HPC) by IBM. |
OpenSAFELY | OpenSAFELY is an interface to NHS patient records which enables statistical analysis of them by medical researchers. Initially, it has been used to make an analysis of the risk factors associated with deaths from COVID-19 in hospital in the UK. This is significant because the dataset is especially large – 20 billion rows of data for about 58 million patients.The platform interfaces with a secure database of pseudonymized primary care records, and only aggregated results are viewable by researchers. This allows researchers to access a large dataset necessary for identifying potential risk factors without the risks of exposing personal patient information. |
Ben Andrews (mathematician) | Ben Andrews is an Australian mathematician at the Australian National University. He is known for contributions to geometric analysis, with a majority of his work being in the field of extrinsic geometric flows. He received his Ph.D. from Australian National University in 1993, under the supervision of Gerhard Huisken. As of 2020, he has had nine Ph.D. students. |
Ethyl trifluoroacetate | Ethyl trifluoroacetate is a chemical compound from the trifluoroacetate group. |
Bonjour (software) | Bonjour is Apple's implementation of zero-configuration networking (zeroconf), a group of technologies that includes service discovery, address assignment, and hostname resolution. Bonjour locates devices such as printers, other computers, and the services that those devices offer on a local network using multicast Domain Name System (mDNS) service records.
The software comes built-in with Apple's macOS and iOS operating systems. Bonjour can also be installed onto computers running Microsoft Windows. Bonjour components may also be included within other software such as iTunes and Safari.
After its introduction in 2002 with Mac OS X 10.2 as Rendezvous, the software was renamed in 2005 to Bonjour following an out-of-court trademark dispute settlement. |
Remote data entry | A remote data entry (RDE) system is a computerized system designed for the collection of data in electronic format. The term is most commonly applied to a class of software used in the life sciences industry for collecting patient data from participants in clinical research studies—research of new drugs and/or medical devices. |
Named prizes and medals of the Russian Academy of Sciences | The prizes and gold medals named after prominent scientists (Russian: премии и золотые медали имени выдающихся ученых) are issued by the Russian Academy of Sciences for important scientific works, discoveries and inventions. The awards are issued in the name of the RAS according to the results of contests announced by the RAS Presidium. |
The Superstar Effect | The Superstar Effect or "Tiger Woods effect" refers to the change in performance caused by the presence of a highly ranked player - a superstar - in a rank-order competition. |
Universal usability | Universal usability refers to the design of information and communications products and services that are usable for every citizen. The concept has been advocated by Professor Ben Shneiderman, a computer scientist at the Human-Computer Interaction Lab at the University of Maryland, College Park. He also provided a more practical definition of universal usability – "having more than 90% of all households as successful users of information and communications services at least once a week." The concept of universal usability ("usable by all") is closely related to the concepts of universal design and design for all. These three concepts altogether cover, from the user's end to the developer's end, the three important research areas of information and communications technology (ICT): use, access, and design. tite |
Dark cuisine | Dark cuisine or hei an liao li is a Chinese neologism referring to a culinary style built around foods or food combinations that sound bizarre or even disgusting but which often are tastier than anticipated. |
Familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia | Familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia is a type of hyperthyroxinemia associated with mutations in the human serum albumin gene. The term was introduced in 1982. |
(3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane | (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) is an aminosilane frequently used in the process of silanization, the functionalization of surfaces with alkoxysilane molecules. It can also be used for covalent attaching of organic films to metal oxides such as silica and titania. |
Hat tip | A hat tip (abbreviation: h/t), also referred to as tip of the cap, is an act of tipping or (especially in British English) doffing one's hat as a cultural expression of recognition, respect, gratitude or simple salutation and acknowledgement between two persons. |
Fermented bean paste | Fermented bean paste is a category of fermented foods typically made from ground soybeans, which are indigenous to the cuisines of East, South and Southeast Asia. In some cases, such as the production of miso, other varieties of beans, such as broad beans, may also be used.The pastes are usually salty and savoury, but may also be spicy, and are used as a condiment to flavour foods such as stir-fries, stews, and soups. The colours of such pastes range from light tan to reddish brown and dark brown. The differences in colour are due to different production methods, such as the conditions of fermentation, the addition of wheat flour, pulverized mantou, rice, or sugar and the presence of different microflora, such as bacteria or molds used in their production, as well as whether the soybeans are roasted (as in chunjang) or aged (as in tauco) before being ground. |
Archimedean group | In abstract algebra, a branch of mathematics, an Archimedean group is a linearly ordered group for which the Archimedean property holds: every two positive group elements are bounded by integer multiples of each other. The set R of real numbers together with the operation of addition and the usual ordering relation between pairs of numbers is an Archimedean group. By a result of Otto Hölder, every Archimedean group is isomorphic to a subgroup of this group. The name "Archimedean" comes from Otto Stolz, who named the Archimedean property after its appearance in the works of Archimedes. |
Road running | Road running is the sport of running on a measured course over an established road. This differs from track and field on a regular track and cross country running over natural terrain.
These events are usually classified as long-distance according to athletics terminology, with races typically ranging from 5 kilometers to 42.2 kilometers in the marathon. They may involve large numbers of runners or wheelchair entrants. The four most common IAAF recognized distances for road running events are 5K runs, 10K runs, half marathons and marathons.
Running on the road is an alternative surface to running on a trail, track, or treadmill. For many people looking to participate in running as an activity or sport, there are multiple opportunities that can be found on the road.
Road running is one of several forms of road racing, which also includes road bicycle racing and motor vehicle road racing. |
Legacy mode | In computing, legacy mode is a state in which a computer system, component, or software application behaves in a way that is different from its standard operation in order to support older software, data, or expected behavior. It differs from backward compatibility in that an item in legacy mode will often sacrifice newer features or performance, or be unable to access data or run programs it normally could, in order to provide continued access to older data or functionality. Sometimes it can allow newer technologies that replaced the old to emulate them when running older operating systems. |
Shadowsocks | Shadowsocks is a free and open-source encryption protocol project, widely used in China to circumvent Internet censorship. It was created in 2012 by a Chinese programmer named "clowwindy", and multiple implementations of the protocol have been made available since. Shadowsocks is not a proxy on its own, but (typically) is the client software to help connect to a third-party SOCKS5 proxy, which is similar to a Secure Shell (SSH) tunnel. Once connected, internet traffic can then be directed through the proxy. Unlike an SSH tunnel, shadowsocks can also proxy User Datagram Protocol (UDP) traffic. |
Synthase | In biochemistry, a synthase is an enzyme that catalyses a synthesis process. |
Geometric and material buckling | Geometric buckling is a measure of neutron leakage and material buckling is a measure of the difference between neutron production and neutron absorption. When nuclear fission occurs inside of a nuclear reactor, neutrons are produced. These neutrons then, to state it simply, either react with the fuel in the reactor or escape from the reactor. These two processes are referred to as neutron absorption and neutron leakage, and their sum is the neutron loss. When the rate of neutron production is equal to the rate of neutron loss, the reactor is able to sustain a chain reaction of nuclear fissions and is considered a critical reactor.In the case of a bare, homogenous, steady-state reactor (that is, a reactor that has only one region, a homogenous mixture of fuel and coolant, no blanket nor reflector, and does not change over time), the geometric and material buckling are equal to each other. |
Lacquer thinner | Lacquer thinner, also known as cellulose thinner, is usually a mixture of solvents able to dissolve a number of different resins or plastics used in modern lacquer.Previously, lacquer thinners frequently contained alkyl esters like butyl or amyl acetate, ketones like acetone or methyl ethyl ketone, aromatic hydrocarbons like toluene, ethers such as glycol cellosolves, and/or alcohols.Modern lacquer thinners increasingly have to comply with low-VOC regulations. These formulations are often mostly acetone with small quantities of aromatic solvent.Paints that dry by simple solvent evaporation and contain solid binders insolvent (solvent) are known as lacquers. When the solvent in lacquer paints evaporates, a solid layer remains. Since this layer can be dissolved again with the solvent, each lacquer can dissolve the one below it. |
Coin purse | A purse or pouch (from the Latin bursa, which in turn is from the Greek βύρσα, býrsa, oxhide), sometimes called coin purse for clarity, is a small money bag or pouch, made for carrying coins. In most Commonwealth countries it is known simply as a purse, while "purse" in the United States usually refers to a handbag. "Purse" can also be a synonym to bursary (which has the same origin), i.e. a monetary prize in a competition. |
Thioureas | In organic chemistry, thioureas are members of a family of organosulfur compounds with the formula S=C(NR2)2 and structure R2N−C(=S)−NR2. The parent member of this class of compounds is thiourea (S=C(NH2)2). The thiourea functional group has a planar S=CN2 core. |
Malcolm Slaney | Malcolm Slaney is an American electrical engineer, whose research has focused on machine perception and multimedia analysis. He is a Fellow of the IEEE for "contributions to perceptual signal processing and tomographic imaging". He is a consulting professor at the Stanford University Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics and an affiliate faculty member in the Electrical Engineering Department at the University of Washington.Slaney attended Purdue University for his bachelor's, master's, and PhD degrees in electrical engineering. He is currently a Research Scientist in the Machine Hearing group at Google. Previously, he worked at Bell Labs, Schlumberger Palo Alto Research, Apple Computer, Interval Research Corporation, IBM Research – Almaden, Yahoo! Research, and Microsoft Research.Slaney's 1988 book with Avinash Kak, Principles of Computerized Tomographic Imaging, which he co-wrote as a grad student, has been selected by the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics for republication in their Classics in Applied Mathematics series. |
Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry | The Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry is an English-language multi-volume encyclopedia published by John Wiley & Sons.
It is a comprehensive analytical chemistry reference, covering all aspects from theory and instrumentation through applications and techniques. Containing over 600 articles and over 6500 illustrations the 15-volume print edition published in 2000. The encyclopedia has been available online since the end of 2006. |
Trace metal stable isotope biogeochemistry | Trace metal stable isotope biogeochemistry is the study of the distribution and relative abundances of trace metal isotopes in order to better understand the biological, geological, and chemical processes occurring in an environment. Trace metals are elements such as iron, magnesium, copper, and zinc that occur at low levels in the environment. Trace metals are critically important in biology and are involved in many processes that allow organisms to grow and generate energy. In addition, trace metals are constituents of numerous rocks and minerals, thus serving as an important component of the geosphere. Both stable and radioactive isotopes of trace metals exist, but this article focuses on those that are stable. Isotopic variations of trace metals in samples are used as isotopic fingerprints to elucidate the processes occurring in an environment and answer questions relating to biology, geochemistry, and medicine. |
Eye neoplasm | Eye neoplasms can affect all parts of the eye, and can be a benign tumor or a malignant tumor (cancer). Eye cancers can be primary (starts within the eye) or metastatic cancer (spread to the eye from another organ). The two most common cancers that spread to the eye from another organ are breast cancer and lung cancer. Other less common sites of origin include the prostate, kidney, thyroid, skin, colon and blood or bone marrow. |
Marilyn Ball | Marilyn Ball is a professor at the College of Medicine, Biology and Environment at the Australian National University (ANU), and leader of the Ball (Marilyn) Lab for Ecophysiology of Salinity and Freezing Tolerance. |
Carlactone synthase | Carlactone synthase (EC 1.13.11.69, CCD8 (gene), MAX4 (gene), NCED8 (gene)) is an enzyme with systematic name 9-cis-10'-apo-beta-carotenal:O2 oxidoreductase (14,15-cleaving, carlactone-forming). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction 9-cis-10'-apo-beta-carotenal + 2 O2 ⇌ carlactone + (2E,4E,6E)-7-hydroxy-4-methylhepta-2,4,6-trienalCarlactone synthase contains Fe2+. |
Shed style | Shed Style refers to a style of architecture that makes use of single-sloped roofs (commonly called "shed roofs"). The style originated from the designs of architects Charles Willard Moore and Robert Venturi in the 1960s. Their works were influential to the style that would include the Sea Ranch in California (Moore) and the Vanna Venturi House (Venturi). Shed style architecture became very popular in the 1970s and 1980s, but most shed style homes stopped being built after the mid to late 1980s, though, today, houses use some characteristics from the shed style houses. |
7 nm process | In semiconductor manufacturing, the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors defines the 7 nm process as the MOSFET technology node following the 10 nm node. It is based on FinFET (fin field-effect transistor) technology, a type of multi-gate MOSFET technology. |
MicroRNA 4521 | MicroRNA 4521 is a micro RNA that in humans is encoded by the MIR4521 gene. |
Automatic sounding | In telecommunication, automatic sounding is the testing of selected channels for quality by providing a very brief identifying transmission that may be used by other stations to evaluate connectivity, and availability, and to identify known working channels for immediate or later use for communications or calling. They are often used to maintain connectivity in digital communications high frequency radio networks. |
Cluster impact fusion | Cluster Impact Fusion is a suggested method of producing practical fusion power using small clusters of heavy water molecules directly accelerated into a titanium-deuteride target. Calculations suggested that such a system enhanced the cross section by many orders of magnitude. It is a particular implementation of the larger beam-target fusion concept. |
Klangfarbenmelodie | Klangfarbenmelodie (German for "sound-color melody") is a musical technique that involves splitting a musical line or melody between several instruments, rather than assigning it to just one instrument (or set of instruments), thereby adding color (timbre) and texture to the melodic line. The technique is sometimes compared to "pointillism", a neo-impressionist painting technique. |
Booking (clubbing) | Booking (Korean: 부킹) is a common practice in South Korean night clubs of forced socialization. Booking is a practice in which waiters bring female patrons, sometimes forcibly, to a table to sit with men. Both parties are free to leave at any time, or depending on mutual interest, they can continue to sit together and drink and talk. Although outwardly similar, to outsiders, these are not hostess clubs, and although the men are expected to tip and pay their waiters to bring women to their table, the women are not employees nor are they prostitutes but fellow clubbers. |
Glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB | Glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB (abbreviation: GPBB) is an isoenzyme of glycogen phosphorylase. This isoform of the enzyme exists in cardiac (heart) and brain tissue.
The enzyme is one of the "new cardiac markers" which are discussed to improve early diagnosis in acute coronary syndrome. A rapid rise in blood levels can be seen in myocardial infarction and unstable angina.
Other enzymes related to glycogen phosphorylase are abbreviated as GPLL (liver) and GPMM (muscle). |
EA-3167 | EA-3167 is a potent and long-lasting anticholinergic deliriant drug, related to the chemical warfare agent 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB). It was developed under contract to Edgewood Arsenal during the 1960s as part of the US military chemical weapons program, in an attempt to develop non-lethal incapacitating agents. EA-3167 has identical effects to QNB, but is even more potent and longer-lasting, with an effective dose when administered by injection of as little as 2.5 μg/kg (i.e. 0.2 milligrams for an 80 kg person), and a duration of 120–240 hours (5–10 days). However unlike QNB, EA-3167 was never weaponized or manufactured in bulk. |
Health effects of coal ash | Coal ash, also known as coal combustion residuals (CCRs), is the mineral residue that remains from burning coal. Exposure to coal ash and to the toxic substances it contains may pose a health risk to workers in coal-fired power plants and residents living near coal ash disposal sites. |
4-Piperidinone | 4-Piperidone is a derivative of piperidine with the molecular formula C5H9NO. 4-Piperidone is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of chemicals and pharmaceutical drugs. It is a List I chemical in the United States. |
ZNRF1 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase ZNRF1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ZNRF1 gene.In a study identifying genes in rat that are upregulated in response to nerve damage, a gene which is highly expressed in ganglia and in the central nervous system was found. The protein encoded by the rat gene contains both a zinc finger and a RING finger motif and is localized in the endosome/lysosome compartment, indicating that it may be involved in ubiquitin-mediated protein modification. The protein encoded by this human gene is highly similar in sequence to that encoded by the rat gene. |
Submarine pipeline | A submarine pipeline (also known as marine, subsea or offshore pipeline) is a pipeline that is laid on the seabed or below it inside a trench. In some cases, the pipeline is mostly on-land but in places it crosses water expanses, such as small seas, straits and rivers. Submarine pipelines are used primarily to carry oil or gas, but transportation of water is also important. A distinction is sometimes made between a flowline and a pipeline. The former is an intrafield pipeline, in the sense that it is used to connect subsea wellheads, manifolds and the platform within a particular development field. The latter, sometimes referred to as an export pipeline, is used to bring the resource to shore. Sizeable pipeline construction projects need to take into account many factors, such as the offshore ecology, geohazards and environmental loading – they are often undertaken by multidisciplinary, international teams. |
Water park | A water park (also waterpark, water world, or aquapark) is an amusement park that features water play areas such as swimming pools, water slides, splash pads, water playgrounds, and lazy rivers, as well as areas for floating, bathing, swimming, and other barefoot environments. Modern water parks may also be equipped with some type of artificial surfing or bodyboarding environment, such as a wave pool or flowrider. |
Grand Central Terminal art | Grand Central Terminal, one of the main railroad stations in New York City, features public art by a variety of artists. Through its status as a transportation and architectural icon, the terminal has also been depicted in many works of art. |
L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase | In enzymology, a L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.103) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction L-threonine + NAD+ ⇌ L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoate + NADH + H+Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-threonine and NAD+, whereas its 3 products are L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoate, NADH, and H+.
This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-threonine:NAD+ oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include L-threonine dehydrogenase, threonine 3-dehydrogenase, and threonine dehydrogenase. This enzyme participates in glycine, serine and threonine metabolism. |
Hendra virus | Hendra virus is a bat-borne virus that is associated with a highly fatal infection in horses and humans. Numerous disease outbreaks in Australia among horses have been caused by Hendra virus. The Hendra virus belongs to the genus Henipavirus, which also contains the Nipah virus, which has also caused disease outbreaks. |
Water purification | Water purification is the process of removing undesirable chemicals, biological contaminants, suspended solids, and gases from water. The goal is to produce water that is fit for specific purposes. Most water is purified and disinfected for human consumption (drinking water), but water purification may also be carried out for a variety of other purposes, including medical, pharmacological, chemical, and industrial applications. The history of water purification includes a wide variety of methods. The methods used include physical processes such as filtration, sedimentation, and distillation; biological processes such as slow sand filters or biologically active carbon; chemical processes such as flocculation and chlorination; and the use of electromagnetic radiation such as ultraviolet light. |
Char-grilled steak | Char-grilled steak (also charcoal steak) is a method of preparing meat for human consumption. Although various animal steaks can technically be char-grilled, the process is generally used to cook chuck steaks. Char-grilled steaks are grilled with charcoal, and are not to be confused with gas-grilled steaks, which are usually grilled with propane. The richness of flavor of steaks cooked in this manner is usually attributed to the charcoal used to prepare them. |
Gray's conjecture | In mathematics, Gray's conjecture is a conjecture made by Brayton Gray in 1984 about maps between loop spaces of spheres. It was later proved by John Harper. |
Hustle (dance) | The Hustle is a catch-all name for some disco dances which were extremely popular in the 1970s. Late 1970s, Bump, Hustle, Watergate and Spank were popular. It mostly refers to the unique partner dance done in nightclubs to disco music. Hustle has steps in common with Mambo and Salsa and basic steps are somewhat similar to Euro dance style "discofox", which emerged at about the same time and is more familiar in various European countries. Modern partner hustle is sometimes referred to as New York hustle, however, its original name is the Latin hustle. |
Zathura (document viewer) | Zathura is a free, plugin-based document viewer. Plugins are available for PDF (via poppler or MuPDF), PostScript and DjVu. It was written to be lightweight and controlled with vi-like keybindings. Zathura's customizability makes it well-liked by many Linux users.Zathura has official packages available in Arch Linux,Debian,Fedora,Gentoo,OpenBSD,OpenSUSE,Source Mage,Ubuntu, and an unofficial macOS package provided by MacPorts.Zathura was named after the 2002 book Zathura and the 2005 film Zathura: A Space Adventure. |
Bend minimization | In graph drawing styles that represent the edges of a graph by polylines (sequences of line segments connected at bends), it is desirable to minimize the number of bends per edge (sometimes called the curve complexity) or the total number of bends in a drawing. Bend minimization is the algorithmic problem of finding a drawing that minimizes these quantities. |
Erosive pustular dermatitis of the scalp | Erosive pustular dermatitis of the scalp presents with pustules, erosions, and crusts on the scalp of primarily older Caucasian females, and on biopsy, has a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate with or without foreign body giant cells and pilosebaceous atrophy.: 650 : 761 |
Lip strap | A lip strap is a piece of horse tack made of rolled leather or occasionally thin chain, used sometimes on some types of English-style curb and pelham bits. The lip strap runs between the bit shanks and passes through a special center ring on a curb chain sometimes called the "fly link". The lip strap attaches to rings at midpoint of the shanks and buckles on the near side.The lip strap helps keep a "mouthy" horse from mouthing or "lipping" the shank. It also helps prevent the curb chain from unfastening or otherwise moving too much. |
Complex multiplication of abelian varieties | In mathematics, an abelian variety A defined over a field K is said to have CM-type if it has a large enough commutative subring in its endomorphism ring End(A). The terminology here is from complex multiplication theory, which was developed for elliptic curves in the nineteenth century. One of the major achievements in algebraic number theory and algebraic geometry of the twentieth century was to find the correct formulations of the corresponding theory for abelian varieties of dimension d > 1. The problem is at a deeper level of abstraction, because it is much harder to manipulate analytic functions of several complex variables. |
Symmetric space | In mathematics, a symmetric space is a Riemannian manifold (or more generally, a pseudo-Riemannian manifold) whose group of symmetries contains an inversion symmetry about every point. This can be studied with the tools of Riemannian geometry, leading to consequences in the theory of holonomy; or algebraically through Lie theory, which allowed Cartan to give a complete classification. Symmetric spaces commonly occur in differential geometry, representation theory and harmonic analysis. |
2-Chloropyridine | 2-Chloropyridine is an organohalide with the formula C5H4ClN. It is a colorless liquid that is mainly used to generate fungicides and insecticides in industry. It also serves to generate antihistamines and antiarrythymics for pharmaceutical purposes. |
Tivantinib | Tivantinib (ARQ197; by Arqule, Inc.) is an experimental small molecule anti-cancer drug. It is a bisindolylmaleimide that binds to the dephosphorylated MET kinase in vitro. (MET is a growth factor receptor.) Tivantinib is being tested clinically as a highly selective MET inhibitor. However, the mechanism of action of tivantinib is still unclear.Tivantinib displays cytotoxic activity via molecular mechanisms that are independent from its ability to bind MET, notably tubulin binding, which likely underlies tivantinib cytotoxicity.Possible applications include non-small-cell lung carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and oesophageal cancer.In 2017, it was announced that a phase III clinical trial for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma had failed to meet the primary endpoint. |
Entrée de ballet | An entrée de ballet ("ballet entrance") is an autonomous scene of ballet de cour, divertissement, comédie-ballet, opéra-ballet, even tragédie lyrique, which brings together several dancers in and out of the scenario.
In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, baroque dance distinguished several types of entrances, according to their character and step style: serious, severe, comical or grotesque. In his recueil de danses, Raoul Auger Feuillet qualified the entrances he described according to the number of characters and sometimes their sex: entrance alone, entrance of a woman, entrance for two, etc.
This choreographic form disappeared in the 1720s. |
Sandcastle (software) | Sandcastle is a documentation generator from Microsoft. It automatically produces MSDN-style code documentation out of reflection information of .NET assemblies and XML documentation comments found in the source code of these assemblies. It can also be used to produce user documentation from Microsoft Assistance Markup Language (MAML) with the same look and feel as reference documentation. |
Intravitreal implants | Intravitreal implants are micro device-like inserts injected into the posterior segment of the eye to treat retinal diseases releasing therapeutic drugs at a set rate over a desired period of time. The posterior segment of the eye consists of the sclera, choroid, fovea, vitreous humor, optic nerve, and retina. |
Great comet | A great comet is a comet that becomes exceptionally bright. There is no official definition; often the term is attached to comets such as Halley's Comet, which during certain appearances are bright enough to be noticed by casual observers who are not looking for them, and become well known outside the astronomical community. Great comets appear at irregular, unpredictable intervals, on average about once per decade. Although comets are officially named after their discoverers, great comets are sometimes also referred to by the year in which they appeared great, using the formulation "The Great Comet of ...", followed by the year. |
CKLF like MARVEL transmembrane domain containing 7 | CKLF like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing 7 (i.e. CMTM7), previously termed chemokine-like factor superfamily 7 (i.e. CKLFSF7), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CMTM7 gene. This gene, which is located in band 22 on the short (i.e. "p") arm of chromosome 3, and the protein that it encodes belong to the CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing family. Through the process of alternative splicing, the CMTM7 gene encodes two isoforms, CMTM7-v1 and CMTM7-v2, with CMTM7-v1 being the main form expressed and studied. CMTM7 proteins are widely expressed in normal human tissues. |
3 nm process | In semiconductor manufacturing, the 3 nm process is the next die shrink after the 5 nanometer MOSFET (metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor) technology node. South Korean chipmaker Samsung started shipping its 3 nm gate all around (GAA) process, named 3GAA, in mid-2022. On December 29, 2022, Taiwanese chip manufacturer TSMC announced that volume production using its 3 nm semiconductor node termed N3 is under way with good yields. An enhanced 3 nm chip process called N3E may start production in 2023. American manufacturer Intel plans to start 3 nm production in 2023.Samsung's 3 nm process is based on GAAFET (gate-all-around field-effect transistor) technology, a type of multi-gate MOSFET technology, while TSMC's 3 nm process still uses FinFET (fin field-effect transistor) technology, despite TSMC developing GAAFET transistors. Specifically, Samsung plans to use its own variant of GAAFET called MBCFET (multi-bridge channel field-effect transistor). Intel's process dubbed "Intel 3" without the "nm" suffix will use a refined, enhanced and optimized version of FinFET technology compared to its previous process nodes in terms of performance gained per watt, use of EUV lithography, and power and area improvement.The term "3 nanometer" has no relation to any actual physical feature (such as gate length, metal pitch or gate pitch) of the transistors. According to the projections contained in the 2021 update of the International Roadmap for Devices and Systems published by IEEE Standards Association Industry Connection, a 3 nm node is expected to have a contacted gate pitch of 48 nanometers and a tightest metal pitch of 24 nanometers. |
Codec 2 | Codec 2 is a low-bitrate speech audio codec (speech coding) that is patent free and open source. Codec 2 compresses speech using sinusoidal coding, a method specialized for human speech. Bit rates of 3200 to 450 bit/s have been successfully created. Codec 2 was designed to be used for amateur radio and other high compression voice applications. |
Ray of Creation | The Ray of Creation is an esoteric cosmology which was taught by G. I. Gurdjieff. It is a diagram which better represents the place which Earth occupies in the Universe. The diagram has eight levels, each corresponding to Gurdjieff's Law of Octaves (see In Search of the Miraculous, chapter 7). |
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