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Yellow Card Scheme | The Yellow Card Scheme is the United Kingdom's system for collecting information on suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to medicines. The scheme allows the safety of the medicines and vaccines that are on the market to be monitored. |
Vesicular texture | Vesicular texture is a volcanic rock texture characterized by a rock being pitted with many cavities (known as vesicles) at its surface and inside. |
Artificial intelligence of things | The Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) is the combination of Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies with the Internet of things (IoT) infrastructure to achieve more efficient IoT operations, improve human-machine interactions and enhance data management and analytics. |
Noradrenergic cell group A6sc | Noradrenergic cell group A6sc is a group of cells fluorescent for norepinephrine that are scattered in the nucleus subceruleus of the macaque., |
Enovis | Enovis is a medical technology company with a focus in orthopedics. The company was founded by brothers Mitchell and Steven Rales as the Colfax Corporation in 1995. Enovis is headquartered in Wilmington, Delaware and is listed on the NYSE as ENOV. The company has over 5,000 employees operating at 12 sites around the world. |
Range gate pull-off | Range gate pull-off (RGPO) is an electronic warfare technique used to break radar lock-on. The basic concept is to produce a pulse of radio signal similar to the one that the target radar would produce when it reflects off the aircraft. This second pulse is then increasingly delayed in time so that the radar's range gate begins to follow the false pulse instead of the real reflection, pulling it off the target. |
Acetabular branch of medial circumflex femoral artery | The acetabular branch is an artery in the hip that arises from the medial circumflex femoral artery opposite the acetabular notch and enters the hip-joint beneath the transverse ligament in company with an articular branch from the obturator artery. It supplies the fat in the bottom of the acetabulum, and is continued along the ligament to the head of the femur. |
SmartCode | SmartCode is a unified land development ordinance template for planning and urban design. Originally developed by Duany Plater-Zyberk & Company, this open source program is a model form-based unified land development ordinance designed to create walkable neighborhoods across the full spectrum of human settlement, from the most rural to the most urban, incorporating a transect of character and intensity within each. It folds zoning, subdivision regulations, urban design, and basic architectural standards into one compact document. Because the SmartCode enables community vision by coding specific outcomes that are desired in particular places, it is meant to be locally calibrated by professional planners, architects, and attorneys. |
Carryover effect | The carryover effect is a term used in clinical chemistry to describe the transfer of unwanted material from one container or mixture to another. It describes the influence of one sample upon the following one. It may be from a specimen, or a reagent, or even the washing medium. The significance of carry over is that even a small amount can lead to erroneous results. |
Interspecies hydrogen transfer | Interspecies hydrogen transfer (IHT) is a form of interspecies electron transfer. It is a syntrophic process by which H2 is transferred from one organism to another, particularly in the rumen and other anaerobic environments.IHT was discovered between Methanobacterium bryantii strain M.o.H and an "S" organism in 1967 by Marvin Bryant, Eileen Wolin, Meyer Wolin, and Ralph Wolfe at the University of Illinois. The two form a culture that was mistaken as a species Methanobacillus omelianskii. It was shown in 1973 that this process occurs between Ruminococcus albus and Wolinella succinogenes. A more recent publication describes how the gene expression profiles of these organisms changes when they undergo interspecies hydrogen transfer; of note, a switch to an electron-confurcating hydrogenase occurs in R. albus 7.This process affects the carbon cycle: methanogens can participate in interspecies hydrogen transfer combining H2 and CO2 to produce CH4. Besides methanogens, acetogens, and sulfate-reducing bacteria can participate in IHT. |
Quantitative Discourse Analysis Package | Quantitative Discourse Analysis Package (qdap) is an R package for computer assisted qualitative data analysis, particularly quantitative discourse analysis, transcript analysis and natural language processing. Qdap is installable from, and runs within, the R system.
Qdap is a tool for quantitative analysis of qualitative transcripts and therefore provides a bridge between quantitative and qualitative research approaches. It is designed for transcript analysis, but its features overlap with natural language processing and text mining.
Its features include: tools for the preparation of transcript data frequency counts of sentence types, words, sentences, turns of talk, syllables aggregation using grouping variables word extracting and visualization statistical analysis.For higher level statistical analysis and visualization of text, qdap is integrated with R and offers integration with other R packages. |
Yeast expression platform | A yeast expression platform is a strain of yeast used to produce large amounts of proteins, sugars or other compounds for research or industrial uses. While yeast are often more resource-intensive to maintain than bacteria, certain products can only be produced by eukaryotic cells like yeast, necessitating use of a yeast expression platform. Yeasts differ in productivity and with respect to their capabilities to secrete, process and modify proteins. As such, different types of yeast (i.e. different expression platforms) are better suited for different research and industrial applications. |
Glass etching | Glass etching, or "French embossing", is a popular technique developed during the mid-1800s that is still widely used in both residential and commercial spaces today. Glass etching comprises the techniques of creating art on the surface of glass by applying acidic, caustic, or abrasive substances. Traditionally this is done after the glass is blown or cast, although mold-etching has replaced some forms of surface etching. The removal of minute amounts of glass causes the characteristic rough surface and translucent quality of frosted glass. |
Expect | Expect is an extension to the Tcl scripting language written by Don Libes. The program automates interactions with programs that expose a text terminal interface. Expect, originally written in 1990 for the Unix platform, has since become available for Microsoft Windows and other systems. |
Online banking | Online banking, also known as internet banking, virtual banking, web banking or home banking, is a system that enables customers of a bank or other financial institution to conduct a range of financial transactions through the financial institution's website or mobile app. Since the early 2000s this has become the most common way that customers access their bank accounts. |
Lack-of-fit sum of squares | In statistics, a sum of squares due to lack of fit, or more tersely a lack-of-fit sum of squares, is one of the components of a partition of the sum of squares of residuals in an analysis of variance, used in the numerator in an F-test of the null hypothesis that says that a proposed model fits well. The other component is the pure-error sum of squares. |
Four-Eyed Prince | Four-Eyed Prince (Japanese: メガネ王子, Hepburn: Megane Ōji) is a four volume shōjo manga series by Wataru Mizukami (水上航, Mizukami Wataru). |
Fibre satellite distribution | Fibre satellite distribution is a technology that enables satellite TV signals from an antenna to be distributed using an optical fibre cable infrastructure and then converted to electrical signals for use with conventional set-top box receivers. |
Chambranle | In architecture and joinery, the chambranle is the border, frame, or ornament, made of stone or wood, that is a component of the three sides round chamber doors, large windows, and chimneys.
When a chambranle is plain and without mouldings, it is called a band, case, or frame. The chambranle consists of three parts; the two sides, called montants, or ports, and the top, called the traverse or supercilium. The chambranle of an ordinary door is frequently called a doorcase; of a window, window frame; and of a chimney, manteltree. |
Peripatric speciation | Peripatric speciation is a mode of speciation in which a new species is formed from an isolated peripheral population.: 105 Since peripatric speciation resembles allopatric speciation, in that populations are isolated and prevented from exchanging genes, it can often be difficult to distinguish between them. Nevertheless, the primary characteristic of peripatric speciation proposes that one of the populations is much smaller than the other. The terms peripatric and peripatry are often used in biogeography, referring to organisms whose ranges are closely adjacent but do not overlap, being separated where these organisms do not occur—for example on an oceanic island compared to the mainland. Such organisms are usually closely related (e.g. sister species); their distribution being the result of peripatric speciation. |
Cyclotriol | Cyclotriol (developmental code name ZK-136295; also known as 14α,17α-ethanoestriol) is a synthetic estrogen which was studied in the 1990s and was never marketed. It is a derivative of estriol with a bridge between the C14α and C17α positions. The drug has 40% of the relative binding affinity of estradiol for the human ERα. It showed an absolute bioavailability of 40% with high interindividual variability and an elimination half-life of 12.3 hours in pharmacokinetic studies in women. |
Ladle (spoon) | A ladle is a type of cooking implement used for soup, stew, or other foods.Although designs vary, a typical ladle has a long handle terminating in a deep bowl, frequently with the bowl oriented at an angle to the handle to facilitate lifting liquid out of a pot or other vessel and conveying it to a bowl. Some ladles involve a point on the side of the basin to allow for finer stream when pouring the liquid; however, this can create difficulty for left handed users, as it is easier to pour towards oneself. Thus, many of these ladles feature such pinches on both sides. |
Wrightiadione | Wrightiadione is an isoflavone that occurs in the plant Wrightia tomentosa and can also be synthesized. It is a novel template for the TrkA kinase inhibitors. |
Clostridium enterotoxin | Clostridium enterotoxins are toxins produced by Clostridium species. Clostridial species are one of the major causes of food poisoning/gastrointestinal illnesses. They are anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming rods that occur naturally in the soil. Among the family are: Clostridium botulinum, which produces one of the most potent toxins in existence; Clostridium tetani, causative agent of tetanus; and Clostridium perfringens, commonly found in wound infections and diarrhea cases.The major virulence factor of C. perfringens is the CPE enterotoxin, which is secreted upon invasion of the host gut, and contributes to food poisoning and other gastrointestinal illnesses. It has a molecular weight of 35.3 kDa, and is responsible for the disintegration of tight junctions between epithelial cells in the gut. This mechanism is mediated by host claudin-3 and claudin-4 receptors, situated at the tight junctions.Clostridium enterotoxin is a nine-stranded beta sheet sandwich in shape. It has been determined that it is very similar to other spore-forming bacteria. The binding site is between beta sheets eight and nine. This allows the human claudin-3,4,6,7,8 and 14 to bind but not 1,2,5, and 10. The way the protein work is it destroys the cell membrane structure of animals by binding to claudin family proteins. These are components of tight junctions of the epithelial cell membrane. |
Exitron | Exitrons (exonic introns) are produced through alternative splicing and have characteristics of both introns and exons, but are described as retained introns. Even though they are considered introns, which are typically cut out of pre mRNA sequences, there are significant problems that arise when exitrons are spliced out of these strands, with the most obvious result being altered protein structures and functions. They were first discovered in plants, but have recently been found in metazoan species as well. |
Rhenium | Rhenium is a chemical element with the symbol Re and atomic number 75. It is a silvery-gray, heavy, third-row transition metal in group 7 of the periodic table. With an estimated average concentration of 1 part per billion (ppb), rhenium is one of the rarest elements in the Earth's crust. Rhenium has the third-highest melting point and second-highest boiling point of any element at 5869 K. Rhenium resembles manganese and technetium chemically and is mainly obtained as a by-product of the extraction and refinement of molybdenum and copper ores. Rhenium shows in its compounds a wide variety of oxidation states ranging from −1 to +7. |
Rombo syndrome | Rombo syndrome is a very rare genetic disorder characterized mainly by atrophoderma vermiculatum of the face,: 580 multiple milia, telangiectases, acral erythema, peripheral vasodilation with cyanosis, and a propensity to develop basal cell carcinomas.The lesions become visible in late childhood, began at ages 7 to 10 years and are most pronounced on the face. At that time a pronounced, somewhat cyanotic redness of the lips and hands was evident as well as moderate follicular atrophy of the skin on the cheeks. In adulthood, whitish-yellow, milia-like papules and telangiectatic vessels developed. The papules were present particularly on the cheeks and forehead, gradually becoming very conspicuous and dominating the clinical picture. Trichoepitheliomas were found in 1 case.In adults, the eyelashes and eyebrows were either missing or irregularly distributed with defective and maldirected growth. Basal cell carcinomas were a frequent complication. The skin atrophy was referred to as vermiculate atrophoderma. Basal cell carcinomas may develop around the age of 35. Histological observations during the early stage include irregularly distributed and atrophic hair follicles, milia, dilated dermal vessels, lack of elastin or elastin in clumps. After light irradiation a tendency to increased repair activity was observed both in epidermis and in the dermal fibroblasts. |
Acanthocyte | Acanthocyte (from the Greek word ἄκανθα acantha, meaning 'thorn'), in biology and medicine, refers to an abnormal form of red blood cell that has a spiked cell membrane, due to thorny projections. A similar term is spur cells. Often they may be confused with echinocytes or schistocytes.
Acanthocytes have coarse, irregularly spaced, variably sized crenations, resembling many-pointed stars. They are seen on blood films in abetalipoproteinemia, liver disease, chorea acanthocytosis, McLeod syndrome, and several inherited neurological and other disorders such as neuroacanthocytosis, anorexia nervosa, infantile pyknocytosis, hypothyroidism, idiopathic neonatal hepatitis, alcoholism, congestive splenomegaly, Zieve syndrome, and chronic granulomatous disease. |
Hardware certification | Hardware certification is the process through which computer hardware is tested to ensure it is compatible with specific software packages, and operates as intended in critical situations. With ever dropping prices of hardware devices, the market for networking devices and systems is undergoing a kind of change that can be loosely termed as "generalization." Big established enterprises like Cisco, Novell, Sun Microsystems, etc., no longer manufacture all the hardware required in the market, instead they "license" or "certify" small hardware players operating in countries like Taiwan or China. |
International Journal of Sensor Networks | The International Journal of Sensor Networks (IJSNet) is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on distributed, wired, and wireless sensor networks. It is published by Inderscience Publishers. The journal was established in 2006. |
Proteans | Proteans (or the Proteus effect) are unpredictable, subtle, often subconscious, flirting signals, such as a woman's touching of her hair when first meeting a man. |
2,2′-Bipyridine | 2,2′-Bipyridine (bipy or bpy, pronounced ) is an organic compound with the formula C10H8N2. This colorless solid is an important isomer of the bipyridine family. It is a bidentate chelating ligand, forming complexes with many transition metals. Ruthenium and platinum complexes of bipy exhibit intense luminescence, which may have practical applications. |
Mash ingredients | Mash ingredients, mash bill, mashbill, or grain bill are the materials that brewers use to produce the wort that they then ferment into alcohol. Mashing is the act of creating and extracting fermentable and non-fermentable sugars and flavor components from grain by steeping it in hot water, and then letting it rest at specific temperature ranges to activate naturally occurring enzymes in the grain that convert starches to sugars. The sugars separate from the mash ingredients, and then yeast in the brewing process converts them to alcohol and other fermentation products. |
Lipopolysaccharide glucosyltransferase II | In enzymology, a lipopolysaccharide glucosyltransferase II (EC 2.4.1.73) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction UDP-glucose + lipopolysaccharide ⇌ UDP + alpha-D-glucosyl-lipopolysaccharideThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are UDP-glucose and lipopolysaccharide, whereas its two products are UDP and alpha-D-glucosyl-lipopolysaccharide.
This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferases, specifically the hexosyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is UDP-glucose:galactosyl-lipopolysaccharide alpha-D-glucosyltransferase. Other names in common use include uridine diphosphoglucose-galactosylpolysaccharide, and glucosyltransferase. |
Vital Information for a Virtual Age | Vital Information for a Virtual Age, also known as '¡VIVA!', is to empower high school students and assist them in serving their communities; to improve the awareness and use of quality health information resources in communities; and to create student-centered programs for community health outreach. |
Georges Giralt PhD Award | The Georges Giralt PhD Award is a European scientific prize for extraordinary contributions in robotics. It is yearly awarded at the European Robotics Forum by euRobotics AISBL, a non-profit organisation based in Brussels with the objective to turn robotics beneficial for Europe’s economy and society.Georges Giralt received his PhD in 1958, from the Paul Sabatier University, in the domain of electrical machines, and soon afterwards became a pioneer in robotics, in Europe and worldwide. He was especially instrumental in bringing in scientific foundations and methodology when the domain was still young, and a loose coupling of mechanical and electrical engineering, adopting the early results of automatic control. |
Photoacoustic microscopy | Photoacoustic microscopy is an imaging method based on the photoacoustic effect and is a subset of photoacoustic tomography. Photoacoustic microscopy takes advantage of the local temperature rise that occurs as a result of light absorption in tissue. Using a nanosecond pulsed laser beam, tissues undergo thermoelastic expansion, resulting in the release of a wide-band acoustic wave that can be detected using a high-frequency ultrasound transducer. Since ultrasonic scattering in tissue is weaker than optical scattering, photoacoustic microscopy is capable of achieving high-resolution images at greater depths than conventional microscopy methods. Furthermore, photoacoustic microscopy is especially useful in the field of biomedical imaging due to its scalability. By adjusting the optical and acoustic foci, lateral resolution may be optimized for the desired imaging depth. |
Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor | Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors are a family of anti-cancer drugs that interfere with the growth of tumor cells by blocking the formation of deoxyribonucleotides (building blocks of DNA).
Examples include: motexafin gadolinium.
hydroxyurea fludarabine, cladribine, gemcitabine, tezacitabine, and triapine gallium maltolate, gallium nitrateTezacitabine, Tezacitabine A chemotherapy candidate nucleotide analogue that failed in clinical trials due to on-target toxicity (febrile neutropenia). |
E-social science | E-social science is a more recent development in conjunction with the wider developments in e-science. It is social science using grid computing and other information technologies to collect, process, integrate, share, and disseminate social and behavioural data. |
Methylene blue | Methylthioninium chloride, commonly called methylene blue, is a salt used as a dye and as a medication. As a medication, it is mainly used to treat methemoglobinemia by converting/chemically reducing the ferric iron in hemoglobin to ferrous iron. Specifically, it is used to treat methemoglobin levels that are greater than 30% or in which there are symptoms despite oxygen therapy. It has previously been used for treating cyanide poisoning and urinary tract infections, but this use is no longer recommended.Methylene blue is typically given by injection into a vein. Common side effects include headache, vomiting, confusion, shortness of breath, and high blood pressure. Other side effects include serotonin syndrome, red blood cell breakdown, and allergic reactions. Use often turns the urine, sweat, and stool blue to green in color. While use during pregnancy may harm the baby, not using it in methemoglobinemia is likely more dangerous.Methylene blue was first prepared in 1876, by Heinrich Caro. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. |
High Way Race | High Way Race is an arcade auto racing game released by Taito in April 1983. |
Robbed-bit signaling | In communications systems, robbed-bit signaling (RBS) is a scheme to provide maintenance and line signaling services on many T1 digital carrier circuits using channel-associated signaling (CAS). The T1 carrier circuit is a type of dedicated circuit currently employed in North America and Japan. |
Hybrid electric aircraft | A hybrid electric aircraft is an aircraft with a hybrid electric powertrain. As the energy density of lithium-ion batteries is much lower than aviation fuel, a hybrid electric powertrain may effectively increase flight range compared to pure electric aircraft.
By May 2018, there were over 30 hybrid electric aircraft projects, and short-haul hybrid-electric airliners were envisioned from 2032. |
Isovector | In particle physics, isovector refers to the vector transformation of a particle under the SU(2) group of isospin. An isovector state is a triplet state with total isospin 1, with the third component of isospin either 1, 0, or -1, much like a triplet state in the two-particle addition of Spin. |
KBTBD7 | Kelch repeat and BTB domain-containing protein 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KBTBD7 gene. |
Fetus | A fetus or foetus (; PL: fetuses, feti, foetuses, or foeti) is the unborn offspring that develops from an animal embryo. Following embryonic development the fetal stage of development takes place. In human prenatal development, fetal development begins from the ninth week after fertilization (or eleventh week gestational age) and continues until birth. Prenatal development is a continuum, with no clear defining feature distinguishing an embryo from a fetus. However, a fetus is characterized by the presence of all the major body organs, though they will not yet be fully developed and functional and some not yet situated in their final anatomical location. |
Circular reference | A circular reference is a series of references where the last object references the first, resulting in a closed loop. |
Stability criterion | In control theory, and especially stability theory, a stability criterion establishes when a system is stable. A number of stability criteria are in common use: Circle criterion Jury stability criterion Liénard–Chipart criterion Nyquist stability criterion Routh–Hurwitz stability criterion Vakhitov–Kolokolov stability criterion Barkhausen stability criterionStability may also be determined by means of root locus analysis.
Although the concept of stability is general, there are several narrower definitions through which it may be assessed: BIBO stability Linear stability Lyapunov stability Orbital stability |
MySQL Connector/ODBC | MySQL Connector/ODBC, once known as MyODBC, is computer software from Oracle Corporation. It is an ODBC interface and allows programming languages that support the ODBC interface to communicate with a MySQL database. MySQL Connector/ODBC was originally created by MySQL AB. |
Noopolitik | In political science, Noopolitik, formed by a combination of the Greek words νόος nóos ("knowledge") and πολιτικός politikós (πολίτης polítēs "citizen", from πόλις pólis "city"), is the network-based geopolitics of knowledge. The term was invented by defense experts John Arquilla and David Ronfeldt in a 1999 RAND Corporation study and often appears in connection with that of smart power. |
Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network | The Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network (RDCRN) is an initiative of the US Office of Rare Diseases Research (ORDR). RDCRN is funded by the ORDR, the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences and collaborating institute centers. The RDCRN is designed to advance medical research on rare diseases by providing support for clinical studies and facilitating collaboration, study enrollment and data sharing. Through the RDCRN consortia, physician scientists and their multidisciplinary teams work together with patient advocacy groups to study more than 200 rare diseases at sites across the nation. |
Pourri | Pourri (also written ~Pourri) is a company that devises and sells fragrant sprays for toilets. They are the makers of Poo-Pourri. These are made of essential oils and other natural compounds, which coat the surface of the water and, the manufacturer claims, hold in bad odors.The name of the company is a pun on potpourri. |
Super Shot | A mini-basketball game found in many arcades, Super Shot consists of a basket, that usually moves back and forth, and four to five basketballs to shoot. There are four different modes which affect the rate at which the basket moves. Each shot is worth either two or three points, depending on the distance between the shooter and the basket. There is also a time limit for each game, usually between 40 and 60 seconds. |
Diseases of despair | A disease of despair is one of three classes of behavior-related medical conditions that increase in groups of people who experience despair due to a sense that their long-term social and economic prospects are bleak. The three disease types are drug overdose (including alcohol overdose), suicide, and alcoholic liver disease. |
Pick-up (filmmaking) | In filmmaking, a pick-up is a small, relatively minor shot filmed or recorded after the fact to augment footage already shot. When entire scenes are redone, it is referred to as a re-shoot or additional photography. |
Paula method | The Paula Method is a proposed alternative to Kegel exercises. The idea is that by strengthening your sphincter muscles (eye muscle: orbicularis oculi and mouth muscle: orbicularis oris), the contractions would also strengthen the sphincter muscles in the pelvic floor. Evidence to support its use is lacking. |
Fowler's syndrome | Fowler's syndrome (urethral sphincter relaxation disorder) is a rare disorder in which the urethral sphincter fails to relax to allow urine to be passed normally in younger women with abnormal electromyographic activity detected. |
Galton's problem | Galton's problem, named after Sir Francis Galton, is the problem of drawing inferences from cross-cultural data, due to the statistical phenomenon now called autocorrelation. The problem is now recognized as a general one that applies to all nonexperimental studies and to experimental design as well. It is most simply described as the problem of external dependencies in making statistical estimates when the elements sampled are not statistically independent. |
Mountain chain | A mountain chain is a row of high mountain summits, a linear sequence of interconnected or related mountains, or a contiguous ridge of mountains within a larger mountain range. The term is also used for elongated fold mountains with several parallel chains ("chain mountains").
While in mountain ranges, the term mountain chain is common, in hill ranges a sequence of hills tends to be referred to a ridge or hill chain. |
Virtual scientific community | A virtual scientific community is a group of people, often researchers and students, who share multiple resources related to the scientific field, and whose main medium of communication is the internet. Examples of such communities include the Computational Intelligence and Machine Learning Portal or the Biomedical Informatics Research Network.There are numerous scientific repositories and websites in existence that, while useful, do not meet the definition of a virtual scientific community. Examples of such are data and scientific literature repositories as well as open access journals. |
Accident data recorder | The accident data recorder (ADR, German commonly abbr.: UDS, also accident (data) writer), is an independent electronic device that records before, during, and after a traffic accident relevant data and thus resembles a flight recorder. |
Bubbler cylinder | A Bubbler cylinder is a component of a unit for the metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). They are devices that are used for conveying electronic grade metalorganic compounds from a liquid or solid precursor into a usable vapor. |
Jejunal arteries | The jejunal arteries are four-five branches of the superior mesenteric artery which supply blood to the jejunum. They arise from the left side of the superior mesenteric artery. |
Extensor pollicis brevis muscle | In human anatomy, the extensor pollicis brevis is a skeletal muscle on the dorsal side of the forearm. It lies on the medial side of, and is closely connected with, the abductor pollicis longus. The extensor pollicis brevis (EPB) belongs to the deep group of the posterior fascial compartment of the forearm.[1] It is a part of the lateral border of the anatomical snuffbox. |
Spelling in Gwoyeu Romatzyh | The spelling of Gwoyeu Romatzyh (GR) can be divided into its treatment of initials, finals and tones. GR uses contrasting unvoiced/voiced pairs of consonants to represent aspirated and unaspirated initials in Chinese: for example b and p represent IPA [p] and [pʰ]. The letters j, ch and sh represent two different series of initials: the alveolo-palatal and the retroflex sounds. Although these spellings create no ambiguity in practice, readers more familiar with Pinyin should pay particular attention to them: GR ju, for example, corresponds to Pinyin zhu, not ju (which is spelled jiu in GR). |
Double-muscled cattle | Double-muscled cattle refers to breeds of cattle that carry one of seven known mutations that limits and reduces the activity of the myostatin protein. Normally, myostatin limits the number of muscle fibers present at birth, and interfering with activity of this protein causes animals to be born with higher numbers of muscle fibers, consequently augmenting muscle growth. Additionally, these mutations reduce the superficial and internal fat deposits, causing the meat to be less marbled and lower in fat content. Animals homozygous for myostatin mutation (inheriting a mutant copy of myostatin from both sire and dam) also have improved meat tenderness in some cuts of meat. The enlarged muscles of dam and calf at birth leads to increased difficulty of calving, and in some breeds frequently necessitates birth by cesarean section. |
Cervicocranial syndrome | Cervicocranial syndrome or (Craniocervical Junction Syndrome: CCJ syndrome) is a neurological illness. It is a combination of symptoms that are caused by an abnormality in the neck. The bones of the neck that are affected are cervical vertebrae (C1 - C7). This syndrome can be identified by confirming cervical bone shifts, collapsed cervical bones or misalignment of the cervical bone leading to improper functioning of cervical spinal nerves.Greenberg Regenerative Medicine | Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania Cervicocranial syndrome is either congenital or acquired (as a result of injury or disease). Some examples of diseases that could result in cervicocranial syndrome are Chiari disease, Klippel-Feil malformation osteoarthritis, and trauma. Treatment options include neck braces, pain medication and surgery. The quality of life for individuals suffering from CCJ syndrome can improve through surgery. |
Sulindac | Sulindac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) of the arylalkanoic acid class that is marketed as Clinoril. Imbaral (not to be confused with mebaral) is another name for this drug. Its name is derived from sul(finyl)+ ind(ene)+ ac(etic acid) It was patented in 1969 and approved for medical use in 1976. |
Isophthalonitrile | Isophthalonitrile is an organic compound with the formula C6H4(CN)2. Two other isomers exist, phthalonitrile and terephthalonitrile. All three isomers are produced commercially by ammoxidation of the corresponding xylene isomers. Isophthalonitrile is a colorless or white solid with low solubility in water. Hydrogenation of isophthalonitrile affords m-xylylenediamine, a curing agent in epoxy resins and a component of some urethanes. |
Photon diffusion equation | Photon diffusion equation is a second order partial differential equation describing the time behavior of photon fluence rate distribution in a low-absorption high-scattering medium.
Its mathematical form is as follows.
where Φ is photon fluence rate (W/cm2), ∇ is del operator, μa is absorption coefficient (cm−1), D is diffusion constant, v is the speed of light in the medium (m/s), and S is an isotropic source term (W/cm3).
Its main difference with diffusion equation in physics is that photon diffusion equation has an absorption term in it. |
Trimethyldiphenylpropylamine | Trimethyldiphenylpropylamine (N,N,1-Trimethyl-3,3-diphenylpropylamine) is a drug used for functional gastrointestinal disorders. Its tradename is Recipavrin. |
3-Hydroxypropionate bicycle | The 3-hydroxypropionate bicycle, also known as the 3-hydroxypropionate pathway, is a process that allows some bacteria to generate 3-hydroxypropionate usingcarbon dioxide. In this pathway CO2 is fixed (i.e. incorporated) by the action of two enzymes, acetyl-CoA carboxylase and propionyl-CoA carboxylase. These enzymes generate malonyl-CoA and (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA, respectively. Malonyl-CoA, in a series of reactions, is further split into acetyl-CoA and glyoxylate. Glyoxylate is incorporated into beta-methylmalyl-coA which is then split, again through a series of reactions, to release pyruvate as well as acetate, which is used to replenish the cycle. This pathway has been demonstrated in Chloroflexus, a nonsulfur photosynthetic bacterium; however, other studies suggest that 3-hydroxypropionate bicycle is used by several chemotrophic archaea. |
Grand Tour (data visualisation) | The Grand Tour is a technique originally developed by Daniel Asimov 1980–85, which is used to explore multivariate statistical data by means of an animation. The animation, or "movie", consists of a series of distinct views of the data as seen from different directions, displayed on a computer screen, that appear to change continuously and that get closer and closer to all possible views. This allows a human- or computer-based evaluation of these views, with the goal of detecting patterns that will convey useful information about the data. |
Poppies (Mary Oliver poem) | "Poppies" is an inner dialogue poem written by Mary Oliver. The poem is focused on elements of nature, a common thread within Oliver's poetry, and calls readers to focus on the instruction that nature might supply. |
Ofoto (scanner software) | Ofoto was an application program that automated the task of scanning images and cleaning up the resulting digital image. Created by Light Source Digital Images, it was first released in 1991 bundled with the Apple OneScanner. The program garnered rave reviews, and was followed by a color version 2.0 with Mac and Windows versions. Version 2.0 was widely bundled with scanners from a number of companies, notably Canon. Development and sales were discontinued on 1 August 1996. |
Sleeveface | Sleeveface is an internet phenomenon wherein one or more persons obscure or augment body parts with record sleeve(s), causing an illusion. Sleeveface has become popular on social networking sites.The precise origin of the concept is unknown. A collection of photographs was posted online at Waxidermy.com in early 2006, though earlier examples of 'Sleevefacing' include a Mad Magazine cover and a sketch on The Adam and Joe Show with Gary Numan holding a record sleeve to his face. Other cases include John Hiatt's 1979 Slug Line album on which he is holding a sleeve (showing his face) in front of his face. and the back of the 1982 album Picture This by Huey Lewis and the News, where Huey is holding the front side of the album (showing his face) in front of his face. The artwork for J Rocc's 12" single 'Play This (One)' features men holding various LP sleeves over their faces.The term 'Sleeveface' was coined in April 2007 by Cardiff resident Carl Morris after pictures were taken of him and his friends holding record sleeves to their faces whilst Djing in a Cardiff bar. His friend John Rostron posted them on the internet and created a group on the nascent Facebook social networking site. From this point, the craze started to become more widely known. |
Standalone program | A standalone program, also known as a freestanding program, is a computer program that does not load any external module, library function or program and that is designed to boot with the bootstrap procedure of the target processor – it runs on bare metal. In early computers like the ENIAC without the concept of an operating system, standalone programs were the only way to run a computer. Standalone programs are usually written in assembly language for a specific hardware. |
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 | Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN-1) is one of a group of disorders, the multiple endocrine neoplasias, that affect the endocrine system through development of neoplastic lesions in pituitary, parathyroid gland and pancreas. Individuals suffering from this disorder are prone to developing multiple endocrine and nonendocrine tumors. It was first described by Paul Wermer in 1954. |
Monoidal category | In mathematics, a monoidal category (or tensor category) is a category C equipped with a bifunctor ⊗:C×C→C that is associative up to a natural isomorphism, and an object I that is both a left and right identity for ⊗, again up to a natural isomorphism. The associated natural isomorphisms are subject to certain coherence conditions, which ensure that all the relevant diagrams commute. |
Isoperimetric ratio | In analytic geometry, the isoperimetric ratio of a simple closed curve in the Euclidean plane is the ratio L2/A, where L is the length of the curve and A is its area. It is a dimensionless quantity that is invariant under similarity transformations of the curve.
According to the isoperimetric inequality, the isoperimetric ratio has its minimum value, 4π, for a circle; any other curve has a larger value. Thus, the isoperimetric ratio can be used to measure how far from circular a shape is. |
Security characteristic line | Security characteristic line (SCL) is a regression line, plotting performance of a particular security or portfolio against that of the market portfolio at every point in time. The SCL is plotted on a graph where the Y-axis is the excess return on a security over the risk-free return and the X-axis is the excess return of the market in general. The slope of the SCL is the security's beta, and the intercept is its alpha. |
Uncertainty principle | In quantum mechanics, the uncertainty principle (also known as Heisenberg's uncertainty principle) is any of a variety of mathematical inequalities asserting a fundamental limit to the product of the accuracy of certain related pairs of measurements on a quantum system, such as position, x, and momentum, p. Such paired-variables are known as complementary variables or canonically conjugate variables. |
Zaid crop | Zaid crops are summer season crops. They grow for a short time period between kharif and rabi crops, mainly from March to June. These crops are mainly grown in the summer season during a period called the zaid crop season. They require warm dry weather as major growth period and longer day length for flowering. Some summer months and rainy season is required. These crops also mature early. |
Meatball soup | Meatball soup is a soup made using meatballs, simmered with various other ingredients. The classic meatball soup consists of a clear broth, often with pieces of or whole meatballs with vegetables; common additions are pasta (e.g., noodles, although almost any form can be used), dumplings, or grains such as rice and barley. Various types of meat are used, such as beef, lamb, pork and poultry. |
Rotation map | In mathematics, a rotation map is a function that represents an undirected edge-labeled graph, where each vertex enumerates its outgoing neighbors. Rotation maps were first introduced by Reingold, Vadhan and Wigderson (“Entropy waves, the zig-zag graph product, and new constant-degree expanders”, 2002) in order to conveniently define the zig-zag product and prove its properties.
Given a vertex v and an edge label i , the rotation map returns the i 'th neighbor of v and the edge label that would lead back to v |
Apolipoprotein L | Apolipoprotein L (Apo L) is found in high-density lipoprotein complexes that plays a central role in cholesterol transport. The cholesterol content of membranes is important in cellular processes such as modulating gene transcription and signal transduction both in the adult brain and during neurodevelopment. There are six apo L genes located in close proximity to each other on chromosome 22q12 in humans. 22q12 is a confirmed high-susceptibility locus for schizophrenia and close to the region associated with velocardiofacial syndrome that includes symptoms of schizophrenia. |
Conceptual photography | Conceptual photography is a type of photography that illustrates an idea. There have been illustrative photographs made since the medium's invention, for example in the earliest staged photographs, such as Hippolyte Bayard's Self Portrait as a Drowned Man (1840). However, the term conceptual photography derives from conceptual art, a movement of the late 1960s. Today the term is used to describe either a methodology or a genre. |
HIPK1 | Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 1 is an enzyme that, in humans is encoded by the HIPK1 gene. |
Hydroperoxide dehydratase | The enzyme hydroperoxide dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.92) catalyzes the chemical reaction (9Z,11E,14Z)-(13S)-hydroperoxyoctadeca-9,11,14-trienoate ⇌ (9Z)-(13S)-12,13-epoxyoctadeca-9,11-dienoate + H2OThis enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically the hydro-lyases, which cleave carbon-oxygen bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is (9Z,11E,14Z)-(13S)-hydroperoxyoctadeca-9,11,14-trienoate 12,13-hydro-lyase [(9Z)-(13S)-12,13-epoxyoctadeca-9,11-dienoate-forming]. Other names in common use include hydroperoxide isomerase, linoleate hydroperoxide isomerase, linoleic acid hydroperoxide isomerase, HPI, (9Z,11E,14Z)-(13S)-hydroperoxyoctadeca-9,11,14-trienoate, and 12,13-hydro-lyase. |
Use of drugs in warfare | Use of mind-altering substances in warfare has included drugs used for relaxation and stimulation. Historically, drug use was often sanctioned and encouraged by militaries through including alcohol and tobacco in troop rations. Stimulants like cocaine and amphetamines were widely used in both World Wars to increase alertness and suppress appetite. Drug use can negatively affect combat readiness and reduce the performance of troops. Drug use also poses additional expenses to the health care systems of militaries. |
Tautology (language) | In literary criticism and rhetoric, a tautology is a statement that repeats an idea, using near-synonymous morphemes, words or phrases, effectively "saying the same thing twice". Tautology and pleonasm are not consistently differentiated in literature. Like pleonasm, tautology is often considered a fault of style when unintentional. Intentional repetition may emphasize a thought or help the listener or reader understand a point. Sometimes logical tautologies like "Boys will be boys" are conflated with language tautologies, but a language tautology is not inherently true, while a logical tautology always is. |
Peterson's algorithm | Peterson's algorithm (or Peterson's solution) is a concurrent programming algorithm for mutual exclusion that allows two or more processes to share a single-use resource without conflict, using only shared memory for communication. It was formulated by Gary L. Peterson in 1981. While Peterson's original formulation worked with only two processes, the algorithm can be generalized for more than two. |
Sarvatobhadra Chakra | Sarvatobhadra Chakra (Sanskrit: सर्वतोभद्र) in Hindu astrology (abbrev. SBC) is a unique technique for prediction based on the Nakshatras. It is an ancient system because it takes into account Abhijit nakshatra which is now not referred to in matters pertaining to methods that are generally employed for making astrological predictions. Janardan Harji in his Mansagari has described it as - संप्रवक्ष्यामि चक्रं त्रिलोक्यदीपिकम् - the trust-worthy quickly-revealing Trilokyadeepika Chakra.The term, Sarvatobhadra, derived from Sarva (सर्व) meaning – all, and Bhadra (भद्र)) meaning – good or auspicious, means overall auspiciousness. Abhijit nakshatra is located between Uttarashada and Sravana, it is the last quarter of Uttarashada and the first half of Sravana nakshatra. |
Endometrium | The endometrium is the inner epithelial layer, along with its mucous membrane, of the mammalian uterus. It has a basal layer and a functional layer: the basal layer contains stem cells which regenerate the functional layer. The functional layer thickens and then is shed during menstruation in humans and some other mammals, including apes, Old World monkeys, some species of bat, the elephant shrew and the Cairo spiny mouse. In most other mammals, the endometrium is reabsorbed in the estrous cycle. During pregnancy, the glands and blood vessels in the endometrium further increase in size and number. Vascular spaces fuse and become interconnected, forming the placenta, which supplies oxygen and nutrition to the embryo and fetus. The speculated presence of an endometrial microbiota has been argued against. |
Musical road | A musical road is a road, or section of a road, which when driven over causes a tactile vibration and audible rumbling that can be felt through the wheels and body of the vehicle. This rumbling is heard within the car as well as the surrounding area, in the form of a musical tune. Musical roads are known to currently exist in Hungary, Japan, South Korea, the United States, China, Iran, Taiwan, Indonesia, the United Arab Emirates and Argentina. In the past, they could be found in France, Denmark and the Netherlands as well. |
European Magnetic Field Laboratory | The European Magnetic Field Laboratory (EMFL) gathers the efforts of three laboratories in Germany, France, and the Netherlands: the Dresden High Magnetic Field Laboratory (HLD), the Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses (LNCMI) in Grenoble and Toulouse and the High Field Magnet Laboratory (HFML) in Nijmegen. EMFL was an initiative of Prof. Jan Kees Maan, former director of HFML in Nijmegen. |
Fuse (electrical) | In electronics and electrical engineering, a fuse is an electrical safety device that operates to provide overcurrent protection of an electrical circuit. Its essential component is a metal wire or strip that melts when too much current flows through it, thereby stopping or interrupting the current. It is a sacrificial device; once a fuse has operated it is an open circuit, and must be replaced or rewired, depending on its type. |
Sensorimotor rhythm | The sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) is a brain wave. It is an oscillatory idle rhythm of synchronized electric brain activity. It appears in spindles in recordings of EEG, MEG, and ECoG over the sensorimotor cortex. For most individuals, the frequency of the SMR is in the range of 13 to 15 Hz. |
Dust bathing | Dust bathing (also called sand bathing) is an animal behavior characterized by rolling or moving around in dust, dry earth or sand, with the likely purpose of removing parasites from fur, feathers or skin. Dust bathing is a maintenance behavior performed by a wide range of mammalian and avian species. For some animals, dust baths are necessary to maintain healthy feathers, skin, or fur, similar to bathing in water or wallowing in mud. In some mammals, dust bathing may be a way of transmitting chemical signals (or pheromones) to the ground which marks an individual's territory. |
Urethroplasty | Urethroplasty is the surgical repair of an injury or defect within the walls of the urethra. Trauma, iatrogenic injury and infections are the most common causes of urethral injury/defect requiring repair. Urethroplasty is regarded as the gold standard treatment for urethral strictures and offers better outcomes in terms of recurrence rates than dilatations and urethrotomies. It is probably the only useful modality of treatment for long and complex strictures though recurrence rates are higher for this difficult treatment group.There are four commonly used types of urethroplasty performed; anastomotic, buccal mucosal onlay graft, scrotal or penile island flap, and Johansen's urethroplasty.With an average operating room time of between three and eight hours, urethroplasty is not considered a minor operation. Patients who undergo a shorter duration procedure may have the convenience of returning home that same day (between 20% and 30% in total of urethroplasty patients). Hospital stays of two or three days duration are the average. More complex procedures may require a hospitalization of seven to ten days. |
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