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---
license: cc-by-4.0
task_categories:
- visual-question-answering
- image-to-text
language:
- en
tags:
- spatial-reasoning
- 3d-scenes
- vision-language
- benchmark
size_categories:
- 10K<n<100K
---
# Theory of Space： Visual Scene Dataset
This dataset provides pre-rendered 3D multi-room environments for evaluating spatial reasoning in Vision Language Models (VLMs). It is designed to support the **Theory of Space (ToS)** benchmark, which tests whether foundation models can actively construct spatial beliefs through exploration.
**Paper**: Theory of Space: Can foundation models construct spatial beliefs through active perception?
**Project Page**: https://theory-of-space.github.io
**GitHub Repository**: https://github.com/williamzhangNU/Theory-of-Space
## Dataset Overview
| Property | Value |
|----------|-------|
| Rooms | 3 |
| Total Runs | 100 |
| Objects per Room | 4 |
| Includes False-Belief Data | Yes |
## Usage
Download via Hugging Face CLI:
```bash
huggingface-cli download MLL-Lab/tos-data --repo-type dataset --local-dir room_data
```
Or use the ToS setup script which downloads automatically:
```bash
git clone https://github.com/williamzhangNU/Theory-of-Space.git
cd Theory-of-Space
source setup.sh
```
Refer to the [GitHub repository](https://github.com/williamzhangNU/Theory-of-Space) for evaluation instructions.
## File Structure
```
tos-data/
└── runXX/ # 100 runs (run00 - run99)
├── meta_data.json # Scene metadata (layout, objects, positions)
├── falsebelief_exp.json # False-belief experiment data
├── top_down.png # Top-down view of the scene
├── top_down_annotated.png # Annotated top-down view
├── top_down_fbexp.png # Top-down view (false-belief state)
├── agent_facing_*.png # Agent perspective images (north/south/east/west)
├── <object_id>_facing_*.png # Object/door camera views
├── *_fbexp.png # False-belief experiment images
└── top_down/
└── img_0000.png # Additional top-down renders
```
## File Descriptions
| File | Description |
|------|-------------|
| `meta_data.json` | Complete scene metadata including room layout, object positions, orientations, and connectivity |
| `falsebelief_exp.json` | Specifies object modifications (move/rotate) for belief update evaluation |
| `agent_facing_*.png` | Egocentric views from agent's perspective in 4 cardinal directions |
| `<object_id>_facing_*.png` | Views from each object/door position |
| `*_fbexp.png` | Images rendered after false-belief modifications |
| `top_down*.png` | Bird's-eye view for visualization and debugging |
|