id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 5 41 | conversations stringlengths 410 1.78k |
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571cd3b55efbb31900334e04 | Oxygen | [{'role': 'user', 'content': "Hyperbaric (high-pressure) medicine uses special oxygen chambers to increase the partial pressure of O\n2 around the patient and, when needed, the medical staff. Carbon monoxide poisoning, gas gangrene, and decompression sickness (the 'bends') are sometimes treated using these devices. Inc... |
57097d63ed30961900e841fd | Sky_(United_Kingdom) | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'The agreements include fixed annual carriage fees of £30m for the channels with both channel suppliers able to secure additional capped payments if their channels meet certain performance-related targets. Currently there is no indication as to whether the new deal includes the additional V... |
572754cd5951b619008f8866 | Genghis_Khan | [{'role': 'user', 'content': "The invasions of Baghdad, Samarkand, Urgench, Kiev, Vladimir among others caused mass murders, such as when portions of southern Khuzestan were completely destroyed. His descendant Hulagu Khan destroyed much of Iran's northern part and sacked Baghdad although his forces were halted by the ... |
572855973acd2414000df929 | University_of_Chicago | [{'role': 'user', 'content': "The university runs a number of academic institutions and programs apart from its undergraduate and postgraduate schools. It operates the University of Chicago Laboratory Schools (a private day school for K-12 students and day care), the Sonia Shankman Orthogenic School (a residential trea... |
57293e221d046914007791d5 | Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'The executive summary of the WG I Summary for Policymakers report says they are certain that emissions resulting from human activities are substantially increasing the atmospheric concentrations of the greenhouse gases, resulting on average in an additional warming of the Earth\'s surface.... |
5729edd56aef051400155116 | Amazon_rainforest | [{'role': 'user', 'content': "The first European to travel the length of the Amazon River was Francisco de Orellana in 1542. The BBC's Unnatural Histories presents evidence that Orellana, rather than exaggerating his claims as previously thought, was correct in his observations that a complex civilization was flourishi... |
56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ab | Super_Bowl_50 | [{'role': 'user', 'content': "The Broncos defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers in the divisional round, 23–16, by scoring 11 points in the final three minutes of the game. They then beat the defending Super Bowl XLIX champion New England Patriots in the AFC Championship Game, 20–18, by intercepting a pass on New England's ... |
5725c604271a42140099d188 | Apollo_program | [{'role': 'user', 'content': " Seamans' establishment of an ad-hoc committee headed by his special technical assistant Nicholas E. Golovin in July 1961, to recommend a launch vehicle to be used in the Apollo program, represented a turning point in NASA's mission mode decision. This committee recognized that the chosen ... |
56e769dc00c9c71400d770ec | Teacher | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'Chris Keates, the general secretary of National Association of Schoolmasters Union of Women Teachers, said that teachers who have sex with pupils over the age of consent should not be placed on the sex offenders register and that prosecution for statutory rape "is a real anomaly in the law... |
56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f81 | Martin_Luther | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'His last sermon was delivered at Eisleben, his place of birth, on 15 February 1546, three days before his death. It was "entirely devoted to the obdurate Jews, whom it was a matter of great urgency to expel from all German territory," according to Léon Poliakov. James Mackinnon writes that... |
571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c179 | Oxygen | [{'role': 'user', 'content': "Uptake of O\n2 from the air is the essential purpose of respiration, so oxygen supplementation is used in medicine. Treatment not only increases oxygen levels in the patient's blood, but has the secondary effect of decreasing resistance to blood flow in many types of diseased lungs, easing... |
570d2556fed7b91900d45c49 | Victoria_(Australia) | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'Immigrants arrived from all over the world to search for gold, especially from Ireland and China. Many Chinese miners worked in Victoria, and their legacy is particularly strong in Bendigo and its environs. Although there was some racism directed at them, there was not the level of anti-Ch... |
56d9a0eadc89441400fdb63e | Super_Bowl_50 | [{'role': 'user', 'content': "Peyton Manning became the first quarterback ever to lead two different teams to multiple Super Bowls. He is also the oldest quarterback ever to play in a Super Bowl at age 39. The past record was held by John Elway, who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII at age 38 and is curre... |
572881704b864d1900164a52 | Yuan_dynasty | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'The Chinese medical tradition of the Yuan had "Four Great Schools" that the Yuan inherited from the Jin dynasty. All four schools were based on the same intellectual foundation, but advocated different theoretical approaches toward medicine. Under the Mongols, the practice of Chinese medic... |
56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0a | Computational_complexity_theory | [{'role': 'user', 'content': "The integer factorization problem is the computational problem of determining the prime factorization of a given integer. Phrased as a decision problem, it is the problem of deciding whether the input has a factor less than k. No efficient integer factorization algorithm is known, and this... |
57266e72f1498d1400e8df8d | Geology | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'For many geologic applications, isotope ratios of radioactive elements are measured in minerals that give the amount of time that has passed since a rock passed through its particular closure temperature, the point at which different radiometric isotopes stop diffusing into and out of the ... |
5726415bec44d21400f3dcd3 | Ctenophora | [{'role': 'user', 'content': "Most species are hermaphrodites—a single animal can produce both eggs and sperm, meaning it can fertilize its own egg, not needing a mate. Some are simultaneous hermaphrodites, which can produce both eggs and sperm at the same time. Others are sequential hermaphrodites, in which the eggs a... |
57285841ff5b5019007da19d | University_of_Chicago | [{'role': 'user', 'content': "The university operates 12 research institutes and 113 research centers on campus. Among these are the Oriental Institute—a museum and research center for Near Eastern studies owned and operated by the university—and a number of National Resource Centers, including the Center for Middle Ea... |
57379ed81c456719005744d5 | Force | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'Tension forces can be modeled using ideal strings that are massless, frictionless, unbreakable, and unstretchable. They can be combined with ideal pulleys, which allow ideal strings to switch physical direction. Ideal strings transmit tension forces instantaneously in action-reaction pairs... |
5728d9403acd2414000e001e | Civil_disobedience | [{'role': 'user', 'content': "Civil disobedience is usually defined as pertaining to a citizen's relation to the state and its laws, as distinguished from a constitutional impasse in which two public agencies, especially two equally sovereign branches of government, conflict. For instance, if the head of government of ... |
572812142ca10214002d9d2a | Doctor_Who | [{'role': 'user', 'content': "With the show's 2005 revival, executive producer Russell T Davies stated his intention to reintroduce classic icons of Doctor Who one step at a time: the Autons with the Nestene Consciousness and Daleks in series 1, Cybermen in series 2, the Macra and the Master in series 3, the Sontarans ... |
572fcd86947a6a140053ccdc | Scottish_Parliament | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'Bills can be introduced to Parliament in a number of ways; the Scottish Government can introduce new laws or amendments to existing laws as a bill; a committee of the Parliament can present a bill in one of the areas under its remit; a member of the Scottish Parliament can introduce a bill... |
5727cd0f4b864d1900163d72 | Harvard_University | [{'role': 'user', 'content': "Harvard has purchased tracts of land in Allston, a walk across the Charles River from Cambridge, with the intent of major expansion southward. The university now owns approximately fifty percent more land in Allston than in Cambridge. Proposals to connect the Cambridge campus with the new ... |
572ffbaa947a6a140053ceea | Islamism | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'During the 1970s and sometimes later, Western and pro-Western governments often supported sometimes fledgling Islamists and Islamist groups that later came to be seen as dangerous enemies. Islamists were considered by Western governments bulwarks against—what were thought to be at the time... |
572a0bebaf94a219006aa76f | Amazon_rainforest | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'In 2010 the Amazon rainforest experienced another severe drought, in some ways more extreme than the 2005 drought. The affected region was approximate 1,160,000 square miles (3,000,000 km2) of rainforest, compared to 734,000 square miles (1,900,000 km2) in 2005. The 2010 drought had three ... |
5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72d | Apollo_program | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'The success of the first two landings allowed the remaining missions to be crewed with a single veteran as Commander, with two rookies. Apollo 13 launched Lovell, Jack Swigert, and Fred Haise in April 1970, headed for the Fra Mauro formation. But two days out, a liquid oxygen tank exploded... |
5733266d4776f41900660715 | Warsaw | [{'role': 'user', 'content': "In 1529, Warsaw for the first time became the seat of the General Sejm, permanent from 1569. In 1573 the city gave its name to the Warsaw Confederation, formally establishing religious freedom in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Due to its central location between the Commonwealth's cap... |
57300ec0947a6a140053d008 | Islamism | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'In 1979, the Soviet Union deployed its 40th Army into Afghanistan, attempting to suppress an Islamic rebellion against an allied Marxist regime in the Afghan Civil War. The conflict, pitting indigenous impoverished Muslims (mujahideen) against an anti-religious superpower, galvanized thous... |
5733fe73d058e614000b673e | French_and_Indian_War | [{'role': 'user', 'content': "Loudoun, a capable administrator but a cautious field commander, planned one major operation for 1757: an attack on New France's capital, Quebec. Leaving a sizable force at Fort William Henry to distract Montcalm, he began organizing for the expedition to Quebec. He was then ordered by Wil... |
56beaa4a3aeaaa14008c91c2 | Super_Bowl_50 | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'The Panthers finished the regular season with a 15–1 record, and quarterback Cam Newton was named the NFL Most Valuable Player (MVP). They defeated the Arizona Cardinals 49–15 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in... |
5733fb7bd058e614000b66ff | French_and_Indian_War | [{'role': 'user', 'content': "Newcastle replaced him in January 1756 with Lord Loudoun, with Major General James Abercrombie as his second in command. Neither of these men had as much campaign experience as the trio of officers France sent to North America. French regular army reinforcements arrived in New France in Ma... |
56e0c0c7231d4119001ac378 | Nikola_Tesla | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'Tesla was the fourth of five children. He had an older brother named Dane and three sisters, Milka, Angelina and Marica. Dane was killed in a horse-riding accident when Nikola was five. In 1861, Tesla attended the "Lower" or "Primary" School in Smiljan where he studied German, arithmetic, ... |
5728fd9b3f37b31900477f3b | Kenya | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'The Swahili built Mombasa into a major port city and established trade links with other nearby city-states, as well as commercial centres in Persia, Arabia, and even India. By the 15th-century, Portuguese voyager Duarte Barbosa claimed that "Mombasa is a place of great traffic and has a go... |
5728fc9e1d04691400778f14 | Civil_disobedience | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'Courts have distinguished between two types of civil disobedience: "Indirect civil disobedience involves violating a law which is not, itself, the object of protest, whereas direct civil disobedience involves protesting the existence of a particular law by breaking that law." During the Vi... |
573312fcd058e614000b56e7 | Warsaw | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'In 2012 the Economist Intelligence Unit ranked Warsaw as the 32nd most liveable city in the world. It was also ranked as one of the most liveable cities in Central Europe. Today Warsaw is considered an "Alpha–" global city, a major international tourist destination and a significant cultur... |
5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72c | Apollo_program | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'The success of the first two landings allowed the remaining missions to be crewed with a single veteran as Commander, with two rookies. Apollo 13 launched Lovell, Jack Swigert, and Fred Haise in April 1970, headed for the Fra Mauro formation. But two days out, a liquid oxygen tank exploded... |
572735a15951b619008f86c2 | American_Broadcasting_Company | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'In 1998, the network began using a minimalist graphical identity, designed by Pittard Sullivan, featuring a small black-and-white "ABC Circle" logo on a yellow background (promotions during this time also featured a sequence of still photos of the stars of its programs during the timeslot ... |
5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c708 | Imperialism | [{'role': 'user', 'content': "One key figure in the plans for what would come to be known as American Empire, was a geographer named Isiah Bowman. Bowman was the director of the American Geographical Society in 1914. Three years later in 1917, he was appointed to then President Woodrow Wilson's inquiry in 1917. The inq... |
56d602631c85041400946edc | Super_Bowl_50 | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'CBS broadcast Super Bowl 50 in the U.S., and charged an average of $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game. The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay with special guest performers Beyoncé and Bruno Mars, who headlined the Super Bowl XLVI... |
573099f42461fd1900a9cef9 | United_Methodist_Church | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'In 1735, John and Charles Wesley went to America to teach the gospel to the American Indians in the colony of Georgia. In less than two years, the "Holy Club" disbanded. John Wesley returned to England and met with a group of clergy he respected. He said "they appeared to be of one heart, ... |
57337f6ad058e614000b5bcc | Warsaw | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'In 1939, c. 1,300,000 people lived in Warsaw, but in 1945 – only 420,000. During the first years after the war, the population growth was c. 6%, so shortly the city started to suffer from the lack of flats and of areas for new houses. The first remedial measure was the Warsaw area enlargem... |
572685d1f1498d1400e8e2a1 | American_Broadcasting_Company | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'Edward John Noble, the owner of Life Savers candy, drugstore chain Rexall and New York City radio station WMCA, purchased the network for $8 million. Due to FCC ownership rules, the transaction, which was to include the purchase of three RCA stations by Noble, would require him to resell h... |
5730042804bcaa1900d77013 | Rhine | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'At the begin of the Holocene (~11,700 years ago), the Rhine occupied its Late-Glacial valley. As a meandering river, it reworked its ice-age braidplain. As sea-level continued to rise in the Netherlands, the formation of the Holocene Rhine-Meuse delta began (~8,000 years ago). Coeval absol... |
5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f79 | Genghis_Khan | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'In the early 13th century, the Khwarazmian dynasty was governed by Shah Ala ad-Din Muhammad. Genghis Khan saw the potential advantage in Khwarezmia as a commercial trading partner using the Silk Road, and he initially sent a 500-man caravan to establish official trade ties with the empire.... |
572a0ecb1d0469140077971a | Economic_inequality | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'According to economists David Castells-Quintana and Vicente Royuela, increasing inequality harms economic growth. High and persistent unemployment, in which inequality increases, has a negative effect on subsequent long-run economic growth. Unemployment can harm growth not only because it ... |
56e05a78231d4119001ac062 | Nikola_Tesla | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'Tesla\'s demonstration of his induction motor and Westinghouse\'s subsequent licensing of the patent, both in 1888, put Tesla firmly on the "AC" side of the so-called "War of Currents," an electrical distribution battle being waged between Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse that had bee... |
5728809f2ca10214002da40f | Yuan_dynasty | [{'role': 'user', 'content': "Guo Shoujing applied mathematics to the construction of calendars. He was one of the first mathematicians in China to work on spherical trigonometry. Gou derived a cubic interpolation formula for his astronomical calculations. His calendar, the Shoushi Li (授時暦) or Calendar for Fixing the S... |
57280757ff5b5019007d9b42 | Doctor_Who | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'Producers introduced the concept of regeneration to permit the recasting of the main character. This was first prompted by original star William Hartnell\'s poor health. The actual term "regeneration" was not initially conceived of until the Doctor\'s third on-screen regeneration however; ... |
5725f07f89a1e219009ac0be | Apollo_program | [{'role': 'user', 'content': "In 2008, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency's SELENE probe observed evidence of the halo surrounding the Apollo 15 Lunar Module blast crater while orbiting above the lunar surface. In 2009, NASA's robotic Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, while orbiting 50 kilometers (31 mi) above the Moon, be... |
57339c16d058e614000b5ec7 | Warsaw | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'Nearby, in Ogród Saski (the Saxon Garden), the Summer Theatre was in operation from 1870 to 1939, and in the inter-war period, the theatre complex also included Momus, Warsaw\'s first literary cabaret, and Leon Schiller\'s musical theatre Melodram. The Wojciech Bogusławski Theatre (1922–26... |
5730afed069b531400832262 | United_Methodist_Church | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'Sanctifying Grace is that grace of God which sustains the believers in the journey toward Christian Perfection: a genuine love of God with heart, soul, mind, and strength, and a genuine love of our neighbors as ourselves. Sanctifying grace enables us to respond to God by leading a Spirit-f... |
57296f85af94a219006aa404 | Chloroplast | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'The chloroplasts of some hornworts and algae contain structures called pyrenoids. They are not found in higher plants. Pyrenoids are roughly spherical and highly refractive bodies which are a site of starch accumulation in plants that contain them. They consist of a matrix opaque to electr... |
56de49564396321400ee277a | Normans | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'Between 1402 and 1405, the expedition led by the Norman noble Jean de Bethencourt and the Poitevine Gadifer de la Salle conquered the Canarian islands of Lanzarote, Fuerteventura and El Hierro off the Atlantic coast of Africa. Their troops were gathered in Normandy, Gascony and were later ... |
57265aaf5951b619008f706e | Ctenophora | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'The Lobata have a pair of lobes, which are muscular, cuplike extensions of the body that project beyond the mouth. Their inconspicuous tentacles originate from the corners of the mouth, running in convoluted grooves and spreading out over the inner surface of the lobes (rather than trailin... |
5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e656 | European_Union_law | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'Today, the Treaty of Lisbon prohibits anti-competitive agreements in Article 101(1), including price fixing. According to Article 101(2) any such agreements are automatically void. Article 101(3) establishes exemptions, if the collusion is for distributional or technological innovation, gi... |
57332f81d058e614000b5779 | Warsaw | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'After World War II, under a Communist regime set up by the conquering Soviets, the "Bricks for Warsaw" campaign was initiated, and large prefabricated housing projects were erected in Warsaw to address the housing shortage, along with other typical buildings of an Eastern Bloc city, such a... |
5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6a | American_Broadcasting_Company | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'Sports programming is also provided on some weekend afternoons at any time from 12:00 to 6:00 p.m. Eastern Time (9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. Pacific) and, during college football season, during prime time on Saturday nights as part of the Saturday Night Football package. Due to the erratic and ... |
572683075951b619008f7513 | Ctenophora | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'Almost all species are hermaphrodites, in other words they function as both males and females at the same time – except that in two species of the genus Ocryopsis individuals remain of the same single sex all their lives. The gonads are located in the parts of the internal canal network un... |
5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73f | Imperialism | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'The Ottoman Empire was an imperial state that lasted from 1299 to 1923. During the 16th and 17th centuries, in particular at the height of its power under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire was a powerful multinational, multilingual empire controlling much of Southea... |
56f8907faef23719006261b5 | Martin_Luther | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'Despite the disagreements on the Eucharist, the Marburg Colloquy paved the way for the signing in 1530 of the Augsburg Confession, and for the formation of the Schmalkaldic League the following year by leading Protestant nobles such as John of Saxony, Philip of Hesse, and George, Margrave ... |
56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92cb | Super_Bowl_50 | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'This was the first Super Bowl to feature a quarterback on both teams who was the #1 pick in their draft classes. Manning was the #1 selection of the 1998 NFL draft, while Newton was picked first in 2011. The matchup also pits the top two picks of the 2011 draft against each other: Newton f... |
5730aeba069b531400832245 | United_Methodist_Church | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'Justifying Grace or Accepting Grace is that grace, offered by God to all people, that we receive by faith and trust in Christ, through which God pardons the believer of sin. It is in justifying grace we are received by God, in spite of our sin. In this reception, we are forgiven through th... |
56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91ed | Super_Bowl_50 | [{'role': 'user', 'content': "The Panthers finished the regular season with a 15–1 record, and quarterback Cam Newton was named the NFL Most Valuable Player (MVP). They defeated the Arizona Cardinals 49–15 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in... |
5727436af1498d1400e8f559 | American_Broadcasting_Company | [{'role': 'user', 'content': "On the television side, in September 1969, ABC launched the Movie of the Week, a weekly showcase aimed at capitalizing on the growing success of made-for-TV movies since the early 1960s. The Movie of the Week broadcast feature-length dramatic films directed by such talented filmmakers as A... |
5725db4aec44d21400f3d6bf | Apollo_program | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'Grissom, White, and Chaffee decided to name their flight Apollo 1 as a motivational focus on the first manned flight. They trained and conducted tests of their spacecraft at North American, and in the altitude chamber at the Kennedy Space Center. A "plugs-out" test was planned for January,... |
572ff890a23a5019007fcbcd | Rhine | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'The hydrography of the current delta is characterized by the delta\'s main arms, disconnected arms (Hollandse IJssel, Linge, Vecht, etc.) and smaller rivers and streams. Many rivers have been closed ("dammed") and now serve as drainage channels for the numerous polders. The construction of... |
572827fc3acd2414000df5bc | Jacksonville,_Florida | [{'role': 'user', 'content': "As of 2010[update], there were 366,273 households out of which 11.8% were vacant. 23.9% of households had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.8% were married couples, 15.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.4% were non-families. 29.7% of all households ... |
57266e72f1498d1400e8df8e | Geology | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'For many geologic applications, isotope ratios of radioactive elements are measured in minerals that give the amount of time that has passed since a rock passed through its particular closure temperature, the point at which different radiometric isotopes stop diffusing into and out of the ... |
572982e66aef051400154f95 | Prime_number | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'The following table gives the largest known primes of the mentioned types. Some of these primes have been found using distributed computing. In 2009, the Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search project was awarded a US$100,000 prize for first discovering a prime with at least 10 million digit... |
56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a1 | Computational_complexity_theory | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'A computational problem can be viewed as an infinite collection of instances together with a solution for every instance. The input string for a computational problem is referred to as a problem instance, and should not be confused with the problem itself. In computational complexity theor... |
572961f61d0469140077935a | Chloroplast | [{'role': 'user', 'content': "While primary chloroplasts have a double membrane from their cyanobacterial ancestor, secondary chloroplasts have additional membranes outside of the original two, as a result of the secondary endosymbiotic event, when a nonphotosynthetic eukaryote engulfed a chloroplast-containing alga bu... |
56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92bd | Super_Bowl_50 | [{'role': 'user', 'content': "Peyton Manning became the first quarterback ever to lead two different teams to multiple Super Bowls. He is also the oldest quarterback ever to play in a Super Bowl at age 39. The past record was held by John Elway, who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII at age 38 and is curre... |
572966ebaf94a219006aa395 | Chloroplast | [{'role': 'user', 'content': "Some dinophytes, like Kryptoperidinium and Durinskia have a diatom (heterokontophyte) derived chloroplast. These chloroplasts are bounded by up to five membranes, (depending on whether you count the entire diatom endosymbiont as the chloroplast, or just the red algal derived chloroplast in... |
56bec2013aeaaa14008c9371 | Super_Bowl_50 | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'CBS provided digital streams of the game via CBSSports.com, and the CBS Sports apps on tablets, Windows 10, Xbox One and other digital media players (such as Chromecast and Roku). Due to Verizon Communications exclusivity, streaming on smartphones was only provided to Verizon Wireless cust... |
57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa7 | Doctor_Who | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'In 1975, Season 11 of the series won a Writers\' Guild of Great Britain award for Best Writing in a Children\'s Serial. In 1996, BBC television held the "Auntie Awards" as the culmination of their "TV60" series, celebrating 60 years of BBC television broadcasting, where Doctor Who was vote... |
573766251c45671900574473 | Force | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'Since forces are perceived as pushes or pulls, this can provide an intuitive understanding for describing forces. As with other physical concepts (e.g. temperature), the intuitive understanding of forces is quantified using precise operational definitions that are consistent with direct ob... |
572fff45947a6a140053cf27 | Rhine | [{'role': 'user', 'content': "Most of the Rhine's current course was not under the ice during the last Ice Age; although, its source must still have been a glacier. A tundra, with Ice Age flora and fauna, stretched across middle Europe, from Asia to the Atlantic Ocean. Such was the case during the Last Glacial Maximum,... |
572881d34b864d1900164a5a | Yuan_dynasty | [{'role': 'user', 'content': "Western medicine was also practiced in China by the Nestorian Christians of the Yuan court, where it was sometimes labeled as huihui or Muslim medicine. The Nestorian physician Jesus the Interpreter founded the Office of Western Medicine in 1263 during the reign of Kublai. Huihui doctors s... |
5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e7 | Victoria_and_Albert_Museum | [{'role': 'user', 'content': "In 2004, the V&A alongside Royal Institute of British Architects opened the first permanent gallery in the UK covering the history of architecture with displays using models, photographs, elements from buildings and original drawings. With the opening of the new gallery, the RIBA Drawings ... |
56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91e9 | Super_Bowl_50 | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'The Panthers finished the regular season with a 15–1 record, and quarterback Cam Newton was named the NFL Most Valuable Player (MVP). They defeated the Arizona Cardinals 49–15 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in... |
5726c3b3708984140094d0d0 | Genghis_Khan | [{'role': 'user', 'content': "The Shah's army was split by diverse internecine feuds and by the Shah's decision to divide his army into small groups concentrated in various cities. This fragmentation was decisive in Khwarezmia's defeats, as it allowed the Mongols, although exhausted from the long journey, to immediatel... |
56f7ef96aef2371900625c78 | Martin_Luther | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'Luther dedicated himself to the Augustinian order, devoting himself to fasting, long hours in prayer, pilgrimage, and frequent confession. Luther described this period of his life as one of deep spiritual despair. He said, "I lost touch with Christ the Savior and Comforter, and made of him... |
56e0dbb57aa994140058e779 | Nikola_Tesla | [{'role': 'user', 'content': "In 1888, the editor of Electrical World magazine, Thomas Commerford Martin (a friend and publicist), arranged for Tesla to demonstrate his alternating current system, including his induction motor, at the American Institute of Electrical Engineers (now IEEE). Engineers working for the West... |
5733d7cbd058e614000b63ad | French_and_Indian_War | [{'role': 'user', 'content': "In between the French and the British, large areas were dominated by native tribes. To the north, the Mi'kmaq and the Abenaki were engaged in Father Le Loutre's War and still held sway in parts of Nova Scotia, Acadia, and the eastern portions of the province of Canada, as well as much of p... |
56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f63 | Martin_Luther | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'His poor physical health made him short-tempered and even harsher in his writings and comments. His wife Katharina was overheard saying, "Dear husband, you are too rude," and he responded, "They are teaching me to be rude." In 1545 and 1546 Luther preached three times in the Market Church ... |
57267383dd62a815002e8552 | Newcastle_upon_Tyne | [{'role': 'user', 'content': "The climate in Newcastle is oceanic (Köppen Cfb) and significantly milder than some other locations in the world at a similar latitude, due to the warming influence of the Gulf Stream (via the North Atlantic Drift). Being in the rain shadow of the North Pennines, it is among the driest cit... |
571ce3745efbb31900334e23 | Oxygen | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'Oxygen toxicity to the lungs and central nervous system can also occur in deep scuba diving and surface supplied diving. Prolonged breathing of an air mixture with an O\n2 partial pressure more than 60 kPa can eventually lead to permanent pulmonary fibrosis. Exposure to a O\n2 partial pres... |
571112ada58dae1900cd6bd0 | Huguenot | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'Some disagree with such double or triple non-French linguistic origins, arguing that for the word to have spread into common use in France, it must have originated in the French language. The "Hugues hypothesis" argues that the name was derived by association with Hugues Capet, king of Fra... |
570607f575f01819005e78b6 | Southern_California | [{'role': 'user', 'content': "Los Angeles (at 3.7 million people) and San Diego (at 1.3 million people), both in southern California, are the two largest cities in all of California (and two of the eight largest cities in the United States). In southern California there are also twelve cities with more than 200,000 res... |
5727780a5951b619008f8a9d | American_Broadcasting_Company | [{'role': 'user', 'content': "It was not until the late 1950s that the ABC network became a serious contender to NBC and CBS, and this was in large part due to the diverse range of programming that met the expectations of the public, such as westerns and detective series. Despite an almost 500% increase in advertising ... |
572974923f37b3190047840c | Chloroplast | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'One of the main functions of the chloroplast is its role in photosynthesis, the process by which light is transformed into chemical energy, to subsequently produce food in the form of sugars. Water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are used in photosynthesis, and sugar and oxygen (O2) is made... |
57264991f1498d1400e8db2f | Black_Death | [{'role': 'user', 'content': "The plague struck various countries in the Middle East during the pandemic, leading to serious depopulation and permanent change in both economic and social structures. As it spread to western Europe, the disease entered the region from southern Russia also. By autumn 1347, the plague reac... |
572758c3dd62a815002e9b7b | Genghis_Khan | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'Genghis Khan, the title is spelled in variety of ways in different languages such as Mongolian Chinggis Khaan, English Chinghiz, Chinghis, and Chingiz, Chinese: 成吉思汗; pinyin: Chéngjísī Hán, Turkic: Cengiz Han, Çingiz Xan, Çingiz Han, Chingizxon, Çıñğız Xan, Chengez Khan, Chinggis Khan, Chi... |
5729e2b76aef0514001550cf | Economic_inequality | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'During the mass high school education movement from 1910–1940, there was an increase in skilled workers, which led to a decrease in the price of skilled labor. High school education during the period was designed to equip students with necessary skill sets to be able to perform at work. In... |
5705eccb52bb8914006896b9 | Southern_California | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'Many locals and tourists frequent the southern California coast for its popular beaches, and the desert city of Palm Springs is popular for its resort feel and nearby open spaces.\n\nOther than the desert city why do many locals and tourists frequent southern California?'}, {'role': 'assis... |
5733314e4776f4190066076b | Warsaw | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'Warsaw lies in east-central Poland about 300 km (190 mi) from the Carpathian Mountains and about 260 km (160 mi) from the Baltic Sea, 523 km (325 mi) east of Berlin, Germany. The city straddles the Vistula River. It is located in the heartland of the Masovian Plain, and its average elevati... |
5729fc3d1d0469140077969e | Immune_system | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'The main response of the immune system to tumors is to destroy the abnormal cells using killer T cells, sometimes with the assistance of helper T cells. Tumor antigens are presented on MHC class I molecules in a similar way to viral antigens. This allows killer T cells to recognize the tum... |
57302bd0b2c2fd14005689df | Islamism | [{'role': 'user', 'content': '"The Islamic State", formerly known as the "Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant" and before that as the "Islamic State of Iraq", (and called the acronym Daesh by its many detractors), is a Wahhabi/Salafi jihadist extremist militant group which is led by and mainly composed of Sunni Arabs ... |
573027d6a23a5019007fce9d | Islamism | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'After al-Nimeiry was overthrown in 1985 the party did poorly in national elections, but in 1989 it was able to overthrow the elected post-al-Nimeiry government with the help of the military. Turabi was noted for proclaiming his support for the democratic process and a liberal government be... |
57297bc9af94a219006aa4cb | Prime_number | [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'The most basic method of checking the primality of a given integer n is called trial division. This routine consists of dividing n by each integer m that is greater than 1 and less than or equal to the square root of n. If the result of any of these divisions is an integer, then n is not a... |
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