id stringlengths 8 10 | domain stringclasses 3
values | name stringlengths 6 40 | category stringlengths 3 28 | symptoms stringlengths 83 176 | cause stringlengths 57 196 | prevention stringlengths 104 201 | guidance stringlengths 92 197 | severity stringclasses 2
values | source stringlengths 22 96 | requires_professional bool 2
classes | disclaimer_required bool 2
classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
crop_001 | crop | Cassava Mosaic Disease | Cassava | Yellow-green mosaic patches on leaves, leaf distortion and twisting, stunted plant growth, reduced tuber yield | Viral infection (African cassava mosaic virus and related begomoviruses) transmitted by whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) and through infected stem cuttings | Use certified virus-free stem cuttings, control whitefly populations, remove and destroy infected plants, plant resistant varieties where available | No cure once infected; uproot and destroy affected plants to prevent spread to healthy plants; do not reuse cuttings from infected plants | moderate | FAO/ISPP Guide to Identification and Control of Cassava Diseases | false | false |
crop_002 | crop | Cassava Brown Streak Disease | Cassava | Yellow or necrotic vein banding on leaves that may enlarge into large yellow patches, dark brown necrotic areas within tuber roots, reduced root size | Viral infection transmitted by whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) and through infected stem cuttings | Use certified disease-free planting material, control whitefly vectors, avoid moving cuttings from affected areas | No cure once infected; affected roots are often unusable; remove infected plants and source clean planting material for future crops | high | iCassava Fine-Grained Visual Categorization Challenge / FAO | false | false |
crop_003 | crop | Maize Common Rust | Maize | Oval reddish-brown to chlorotic pustules on upper and lower leaf surfaces, pustules rupture releasing powdery red spores, leaves yellow and die as infection progresses | Fungal infection (Puccinia sorghi), spores spread by wind | Plant rust-resistant maize varieties, avoid excessive nitrogen fertilization, ensure good field airflow through proper spacing | Fungicide application can help in severe cases if caught early; remove heavily infected plant debris after harvest | moderate | Maize Diseases Pest Identification and Control guide | false | false |
crop_004 | crop | Maize Lethal Necrosis (MLN) | Maize | Yellowing and mottling of leaves, severe stunting, premature plant death, poor or no ear/kernel formation | Viral disease transmitted by insect vectors (aphids and thrips carrying the causal viruses) | Use MLN-resistant maize varieties, control insect vectors, practice good farm hygiene and crop rotation, avoid continuous maize cropping | No effective chemical cure; remove and destroy infected plants promptly to limit spread within the field | high | Babban Gona Maize Disease Guide | false | false |
crop_005 | crop | Northern Corn Leaf Blight | Maize | Oval grey or light-brown lesions on leaves that gradually merge and cover large leaf areas, entire plant may wither in severe cases | Fungal infection (Exserohilum turcicum), thrives in moist conditions and spreads via water splash | Use resistant maize varieties, rotate crops away from maize/sorghum, avoid overhead irrigation where possible, manage crop residue | Fungicide treatment can help if applied early; remove and destroy heavily infected crop residue after harvest | moderate | Maize Diseases Pest Identification and Control guide | false | false |
crop_006 | crop | Yam Anthracnose | Yam | Circular black or dark brown leaf spots, leaf edge necrosis, blights, vine blackening and tip die-back, shot holes on leaves | Fungal infection (Colletotrichum species, e.g. C. alatae) | Use disease-free planting setts, avoid dense planting to improve airflow, remove and destroy crop debris after harvest, rotate crops | Fungicide application may help in early stages; remove severely affected vines to prevent further spread | moderate | Characterization of fungal pathogens causing anthracnose on yam, Cross River State Nigeria study | false | false |
crop_007 | crop | Yam Mosaic Virus | Yam | Mosaic mottling pattern on leaves, leaf distortion, general stunting of vine growth | Viral infection transmitted mainly by aphids and through infected setts | Use virus-free planting material, control aphid populations, remove and destroy infected plants promptly | No cure once infected; rely on prevention through clean planting material for future seasons | moderate | Diseases of Yam, Springer Nature reference | false | false |
crop_008 | crop | Rice Blast | Rice | Diamond-shaped grey-centered lesions with brown margins on leaves, lesions on stems and panicles causing them to break, poor grain filling | Fungal infection (Magnaporthe oryzae), favoured by high humidity and dense planting | Use resistant rice varieties, avoid excess nitrogen fertilizer, ensure proper field drainage and spacing between plants | Fungicide treatment can help if applied at early symptom onset; remove and destroy infected crop residue after harvest | high | Common African rice disease references / FAO rice pest and disease guides | false | false |
crop_009 | crop | Tomato Bacterial Wilt | Tomato | Sudden wilting of leaves during the day that may recover at night before permanent wilting, yellowing of lower leaves, brown discoloration inside the stem | Bacterial infection (Ralstonia solanacearum) surviving in soil and spread through water and infected transplants | Practice crop rotation with non-host crops, use disease-free transplants, improve field drainage, avoid working in wet fields to reduce spread | No effective cure once infected; remove and destroy affected plants immediately to reduce soil contamination | high | 6 Common Diseases of Tomato Farm guide (Agrolearner) | false | false |
crop_010 | crop | Tomato Early Blight | Tomato | Dark concentric-ringed spots on older leaves first, yellowing around spots, leaves eventually drop, similar lesions can appear on stems and fruit | Fungal infection (Alternaria solani), favoured by warm humid conditions | Rotate crops, avoid overhead watering, stake plants for airflow, remove lower infected leaves promptly, use resistant varieties where available | Fungicide application can slow spread if caught early; remove and destroy infected plant debris after harvest | moderate | 6 Common Diseases of Tomato Farm guide (Agrolearner) | false | false |
crop_011 | crop | Cocoa Black Pod Disease | Cocoa | Small brown spots on pods that rapidly enlarge and turn black, pod rot, similar lesions can occur on leaves and flower cushions | Fungal infection (Phytophthora species), spread by rain splash and favoured by wet humid conditions | Prune trees for better airflow, remove and destroy infected pods regularly, avoid excess shade, improve field drainage | Fungicide (copper-based) application can help control spread; harvest and remove infected pods promptly to reduce inoculum | high | FAO/CGIAR cocoa disease references | false | false |
animal_001 | animal | Newcastle Disease | Poultry | Twisting of the neck (torticollis), difficulty breathing, greenish diarrhea, sudden death, drop in egg production | Viral infection (Newcastle disease virus, avian paramyxovirus type 1), spreads via air, contaminated feed, water, and equipment | Vaccinate birds according to recommended schedule, maintain strict biosecurity, disinfect footwear and equipment, restrict visitor access to poultry pens | No effective treatment once infected; isolate and report sick birds to a veterinary/extension officer promptly; mortality can reach up to 100% if uncontrolled | high | Animal Disease Burden in Nigeria 2006-2023 study / Remote Agric Nigeria poultry disease guide | true | false |
animal_002 | animal | Infectious Bursal Disease (Gumboro) | Poultry | Depression, ruffled feathers, whitish watery diarrhea, trembling, birds sitting in hunched posture, sudden increase in mortality in young birds | Viral infection (infectious bursal disease virus) affecting the bursa of Fabricius, spreads through contaminated litter, feed, water, and equipment | Vaccinate chicks according to recommended schedule, maintain strict biosecurity and litter hygiene, disinfect poultry housing between flocks | No specific treatment; supportive care (vitamins, clean water) and veterinary guidance can reduce losses; isolate affected birds | high | Animal Disease Burden in Nigeria 2006-2023 study | true | false |
animal_003 | animal | Fowl Cholera | Poultry | Sudden death, greenish diarrhea, swollen wattles and joints, difficulty breathing, reduced appetite | Bacterial infection (Pasteurella multocida), spreads through contaminated feed, water, and contact with infected birds or rodents | Maintain good sanitation, control rodents around poultry housing, isolate new birds before introducing to flock, vaccinate in high-risk areas | Antibiotics may help if administered early under veterinary guidance; remove and isolate sick birds promptly | high | Remote Agric Nigeria poultry disease guide | true | false |
animal_004 | animal | Coccidiosis | Poultry | Bloody or watery diarrhea, ruffled feathers, weakness, reduced growth rate and weight loss, pale comb | Parasitic infection (Eimeria species protozoa), spreads through contaminated litter and droppings, favoured by damp litter conditions | Keep litter dry and clean, avoid overcrowding, use coccidiostat feed additives where appropriate, practice good brooder hygiene | Anticoccidial medication can be effective if administered promptly under guidance; isolate affected birds and improve litter conditions | moderate | Remote Agric Nigeria poultry disease guide | true | false |
animal_005 | animal | Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) | Goats and Sheep | Fever, discharge from eyes and nose, mouth sores, diarrhea, difficulty breathing, high mortality especially in young animals | Viral infection (PPR virus, related to rinderpest virus), spreads through close contact, respiratory secretions, and contaminated feed/water | Vaccinate flocks especially in high-risk areas, avoid mixing sick and healthy animals, quarantine new animals before introduction to herd | No specific antiviral treatment; supportive veterinary care and antibiotics for secondary infections may help; report outbreaks to veterinary authorities promptly | high | Animal Disease Burden in Nigeria 2006-2023 study | true | false |
animal_006 | animal | Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP) | Cattle | Fever, difficulty breathing, coughing, reluctance to move, reduced appetite, swollen joints in some cases | Bacterial infection (Mycoplasma mycoides), spreads through close contact and respiratory droplets between cattle | Vaccinate cattle in endemic areas, avoid introducing untested animals into a herd, quarantine new or sick animals, restrict movement of cattle from affected areas | Antibiotics may provide some benefit under veterinary guidance but are often not fully curative; report suspected cases to veterinary authorities promptly | high | Animal Disease Burden in Nigeria 2006-2023 study | true | false |
animal_007 | animal | Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) | Cattle, Goats, Sheep, Pigs | Fever, blisters and sores on the mouth, tongue, and feet, excessive salivation, lameness, reduced milk production | Viral infection (FMD virus), highly contagious, spreads through direct contact, contaminated equipment, and airborne transmission over short distances | Vaccinate livestock in at-risk areas, restrict animal movement during outbreaks, disinfect equipment and vehicles, quarantine new animals | No specific cure; supportive care for affected animals and strict quarantine to prevent spread; report suspected cases to veterinary authorities immediately | high | Animal Disease Burden in Nigeria 2006-2023 study | true | false |
animal_008 | animal | African Swine Fever | Pigs | High fever, loss of appetite, extensive skin and internal bleeding, high mortality in the herd, often no other specific distinguishing symptom | Viral infection (African swine fever virus), spreads through direct contact between pigs, contaminated feed, equipment, and possibly ticks | Practice strict biosecurity, avoid introducing new pigs without quarantine, disinfect equipment and vehicles, avoid feeding pigs untreated food waste, isolate farm from wild/feral pigs | No specific vaccine or treatment currently available; report suspected cases to veterinary authorities immediately, as culling of affected herds is often required to stop spread | high | AVMA / Wikifarmer African Swine Fever guide, Nigeria ASF prevalence study | true | false |
animal_009 | animal | Rabies | Dogs and Livestock | Behavioral change, aggression or unusual docility, excessive salivation, difficulty swallowing, paralysis progressing to death | Viral infection transmitted through the bite or saliva contact of an infected animal, commonly dogs | Vaccinate dogs and at-risk livestock regularly, avoid contact with stray or wild animals, seek immediate care for any bite from a suspected rabid animal | There is no cure once symptoms appear in an animal; any human bitten by a suspected rabid animal must seek urgent medical post-exposure treatment immediately, do not wait for symptoms | high | Rabies epidemiology prevention and control in Nigeria scoping review | true | false |
animal_010 | animal | African Animal Trypanosomiasis | Cattle and Livestock | Fever, weakness, anemia, weight loss, reduced milk production, swollen lymph nodes, can be fatal if untreated | Parasitic infection (Trypanosoma species) transmitted by tsetse flies and other biting flies | Control tsetse fly populations, use trypanocidal drugs preventively in high-risk areas under veterinary guidance, avoid grazing in heavily tsetse-infested areas | Veterinary treatment with trypanocidal drugs can be effective if administered promptly; consult a veterinary officer for diagnosis and treatment plan | moderate | Jos Plateau Nigeria trypanosomiasis longitudinal survey / meta-analysis of AAT in Nigeria | true | false |
human_001 | human | Malaria | Febrile illness | Fever, chills, headache, fatigue, sweating, muscle aches, in severe cases confusion or difficulty breathing | Infection by Plasmodium parasite transmitted through the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito | Sleep under insecticide-treated mosquito nets, eliminate standing water around the home, use indoor residual spraying, consider preventive medication when advised by a doctor in high-risk situations | Seek testing and treatment at a clinic or hospital promptly; do not self-medicate with antimalarial drugs without proper diagnosis, as similar symptoms can indicate other serious illnesses | high | WHO Malaria Fact Sheet | true | true |
human_002 | human | Typhoid Fever | Febrile illness | Sustained high fever, headache, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, sometimes rash or constipation/diarrhea | Bacterial infection (Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi), spread through contaminated food and water | Drink and use safe treated water, wash hands with soap especially before eating and after using the toilet, ensure food is properly cooked and stored, improve sanitation | Seek medical attention promptly for proper testing and antibiotic treatment; do not attempt to self-treat, as untreated typhoid can lead to serious complications | high | Public Health Nigeria common diseases reference | true | true |
human_003 | human | Cholera | Diarrheal disease | Sudden severe watery diarrhea often described as rice-water stool, vomiting, rapid heart rate, signs of severe dehydration, muscle cramps | Bacterial infection (Vibrio cholerae) from contaminated food or water | Drink only safe treated or boiled water, practice good hand hygiene, ensure proper sanitation and safe food handling, especially during rainy season outbreaks | Seek urgent medical care for rehydration treatment (oral rehydration salts or IV fluids); cholera can kill within hours if untreated, so do not delay seeking care | high | WHO Africa Cholera Fact Sheet | true | true |
human_004 | human | Tuberculosis (Active) | Respiratory illness | Cough lasting more than three weeks, loss of appetite, unintentional weight loss, fever, chills, night sweats, sometimes coughing up blood | Bacterial infection (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) spread through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes | Ensure good ventilation in living spaces, seek prompt testing if exposed to someone with active TB, complete any prescribed preventive therapy, avoid close prolonged contact with untreated active cases | Seek testing and care at a health facility promptly; TB is treatable with a full course of prescribed antibiotics, but treatment must be completed under medical supervision to avoid drug resistance | high | Public Health Nigeria common diseases reference / CDC Nigeria | true | true |
human_005 | human | Meningitis (Bacterial) | Neurological/febrile illness | Sudden high fever, severe headache, stiff neck, sensitivity to light, nausea and vomiting, confusion, in infants bulging soft spot | Bacterial infection (e.g. Neisseria meningitidis) causing inflammation of the meninges, spreads through respiratory droplets and close contact, more common in dry season | Get vaccinated where meningitis vaccines are available and recommended, avoid overcrowded living conditions during outbreak season, seek prompt care for early symptoms | This is a medical emergency; seek immediate hospital care, as bacterial meningitis can be life-threatening within hours without treatment | high | Public Health Nigeria common diseases reference | true | true |
human_006 | human | HIV/AIDS | Chronic viral infection | Early stage may have no symptoms or flu-like illness; later stages can include unexplained weight loss, recurring fever, prolonged swollen lymph nodes, chronic diarrhea | Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), transmitted through unprotected sex, contaminated needles, or from mother to child during pregnancy/birth/breastfeeding | Avoid sharing needles or skin-piercing equipment, use protection during sex, pregnant women should attend antenatal care for prevention-of-transmission programs, ask a doctor about PrEP if at high risk | Seek testing at a health facility for early diagnosis; with consistent antiretroviral therapy under medical supervision, people with HIV can live long healthy lives | high | 10 Most Common Health Problems in Nigeria guide | true | true |
human_007 | human | Diarrheal Disease (General) | Gastrointestinal illness | Frequent loose watery stools, abdominal cramps, dehydration signs like dry mouth and reduced urination, in children lethargy or sunken eyes | Often caused by contaminated water or food leading to bacterial, viral, or parasitic infection | Drink safe treated water, wash hands with soap before eating and after using the toilet, ensure proper food hygiene and storage | Give oral rehydration solution and seek medical care promptly, especially for children or if symptoms are severe or persistent, as dehydration can become dangerous quickly | moderate | WHO Africa / Public Health Nigeria references | true | true |
human_008 | human | Lassa Fever | Viral hemorrhagic illness | Gradual onset fever, general weakness, headache, sore throat, muscle and chest pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea; in severe cases facial swelling and bleeding from mouth or nose | Viral infection (Lassa virus) transmitted through contact with food or household items contaminated by infected rodent urine or feces, or through person-to-person contact with infected body fluids | Store food in rodent-proof containers, keep living areas clean to discourage rodents, avoid contact with rodents, use proper infection control if caring for a suspected case | Seek immediate medical care at a health facility with capacity to test for Lassa fever, especially during outbreak season (December to February); early supportive care improves survival chances | high | WHO/Africa CDC Lassa Fever Fact Sheet | true | true |
human_009 | human | Scabies | Skin infestation | Intense itching especially at night, small raised bumps or blister-like lesions, common on hands, wrists, abdomen, and groin area, sleep disturbance from itching | Parasitic infestation by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei, spread through prolonged skin-to-skin contact or sharing of bedding/clothing | Avoid sharing beds, clothing, and towels with infected individuals, wash bedding and clothes in hot water, maintain regular bathing and hygiene practices | See a health worker for proper treatment with prescribed scabicide cream; treat close household contacts at the same time to prevent reinfection | moderate | Scabies in Resource-Poor Communities in Nasarawa State, Nigeria study | true | true |
human_010 | human | Measles | Viral illness | Fever, cough, runny nose, red watery eyes, small white spots inside the mouth (Koplik spots), followed by a red blotchy rash spreading from the face downward | Highly contagious viral infection spread through respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing | Ensure children receive the measles vaccine as part of routine immunization, avoid close contact with infected individuals, isolate suspected cases to prevent spread | Seek medical care for supportive treatment and monitoring, especially in young children, as complications like pneumonia can occur; do not delay care if breathing difficulty develops | moderate | CDC Yellow Book Post-Travel Dermatologic Conditions reference | true | true |
YAML Metadata Warning:empty or missing yaml metadata in repo card
Check out the documentation for more information.
Ground Truth OB
This repository contains ground_truth_kb.csv, a tabular ground-truth or knowledge-base resource. The current repository is deliberately small and contains no executable training or evaluation script.
Recommended use
Load the CSV, inspect its column names and encoding, validate identifiers and labels, and record the provenance of every ground-truth field before joining it with model outputs. Keep an immutable copy of the raw file and create derived files with explicit version names.
Before public redistribution, review licensing, personal-data exposure, label definitions, and the procedure used to establish ground truth. Add a schema document when the column contract is finalized.
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