Titles
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Linguistic complexity: English vs. Polish, text vs. corpus
We analyze the rank-frequency distributions of words in selected English and Polish texts. We show that for the lemmatized (basic) word forms the scale-invariant regime breaks after about two decades, while it might be consistent for the whole range of ranks for the inflected word forms. We also find that for a corpu...
2,010
Computation and Language
Inflection system of a language as a complex network
We investigate inflection structure of a synthetic language using Latin as an example. We construct a bipartite graph in which one group of vertices correspond to dictionary headwords and the other group to inflected forms encountered in a given text. Each inflected form is connected to its corresponding headword, wh...
2,009
Computation and Language
Distinguishing Fact from Fiction: Pattern Recognition in Texts Using Complex Networks
We establish concrete mathematical criteria to distinguish between different kinds of written storytelling, fictional and non-fictional. Specifically, we constructed a semantic network from both novels and news stories, with $N$ independent words as vertices or nodes, and edges or links allotted to words occurring wi...
2,010
Computation and Language
Symmetric categorial grammar: residuation and Galois connections
The Lambek-Grishin calculus is a symmetric extension of the Lambek calculus: in addition to the residuated family of product, left and right division operations of Lambek's original calculus, one also considers a family of coproduct, right and left difference operations, related to the former by an arrow-reversing du...
2,010
Computation and Language
Space and the Synchronic A-Ram
Space is a circuit oriented, spatial programming language designed to exploit the massive parallelism available in a novel formal model of computation called the Synchronic A-Ram, and physically related FPGA and reconfigurable architectures. Space expresses variable grained MIMD parallelism, is modular, strictly type...
2,010
Computation and Language
For the sake of simplicity: Unsupervised extraction of lexical simplifications from Wikipedia
We report on work in progress on extracting lexical simplifications (e.g., "collaborate" -> "work together"), focusing on utilizing edit histories in Simple English Wikipedia for this task. We consider two main approaches: (1) deriving simplification probabilities via an edit model that accounts for a mixture of diff...
2,010
Computation and Language
Don't 'have a clue'? Unsupervised co-learning of downward-entailing operators
Researchers in textual entailment have begun to consider inferences involving 'downward-entailing operators', an interesting and important class of lexical items that change the way inferences are made. Recent work proposed a method for learning English downward-entailing operators that requires access to a high-qual...
2,010
Computation and Language
Lexical Co-occurrence, Statistical Significance, and Word Association
Lexical co-occurrence is an important cue for detecting word associations. We present a theoretical framework for discovering statistically significant lexical co-occurrences from a given corpus. In contrast with the prevalent practice of giving weightage to unigram frequencies, we focus only on the documents contain...
2,010
Computation and Language
Emotional State Categorization from Speech: Machine vs. Human
This paper presents our investigations on emotional state categorization from speech signals with a psychologically inspired computational model against human performance under the same experimental setup. Based on psychological studies, we propose a multistage categorization strategy which allows establishing an aut...
2,010
Computation and Language
Constructions d\'efinitoires des tables du Lexique-Grammaire
Lexicon-Grammar tables are a very rich syntactic lexicon for the French language. This linguistic database is nevertheless not directly suitable for use by computer programs, as it is incomplete and lacks consistency. Tables are defined on the basis of features which are not explicitly recorded in the lexicon. These ...
2,010
Computation and Language
Tableaux for the Lambek-Grishin calculus
Categorial type logics, pioneered by Lambek, seek a proof-theoretic understanding of natural language syntax by identifying categories with formulas and derivations with proofs. We typically observe an intuitionistic bias: a structural configuration of hypotheses (a constituent) derives a single conclusion (the categ...
2,010
Computation and Language
Niche as a determinant of word fate in online groups
Patterns of word use both reflect and influence a myriad of human activities and interactions. Like other entities that are reproduced and evolve, words rise or decline depending upon a complex interplay between {their intrinsic properties and the environments in which they function}. Using Internet discussion commun...
2,011
Computation and Language
A probabilistic top-down parser for minimalist grammars
This paper describes a probabilistic top-down parser for minimalist grammars. Top-down parsers have the great advantage of having a certain predictive power during the parsing, which takes place in a left-to-right reading of the sentence. Such parsers have already been well-implemented and studied in the case of Cont...
2,010
Computation and Language
Learning Taxonomy for Text Segmentation by Formal Concept Analysis
In this paper the problems of deriving a taxonomy from a text and concept-oriented text segmentation are approached. Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) method is applied to solve both of these linguistic problems. The proposed segmentation method offers a conceptual view for text segmentation, using a context-driven clust...
2,010
Computation and Language
Stabilizing knowledge through standards - A perspective for the humanities
It is usual to consider that standards generate mixed feelings among scientists. They are often seen as not really reflecting the state of the art in a given domain and a hindrance to scientific creativity. Still, scientists should theoretically be at the best place to bring their expertise into standard developments...
2,011
Computation and Language
A PDTB-Styled End-to-End Discourse Parser
We have developed a full discourse parser in the Penn Discourse Treebank (PDTB) style. Our trained parser first identifies all discourse and non-discourse relations, locates and labels their arguments, and then classifies their relation types. When appropriate, the attribution spans to these relations are also determ...
2,014
Computation and Language
Emoticonsciousness
A temporal analysis of emoticon use in Swedish, Italian, German and English asynchronous electronic communication is reported. Emoticons are classified as positive, negative and neutral. Postings to newsgroups over a 66 week period are considered. The aggregate analysis of emoticon use in newsgroups for science and p...
2,010
Computation and Language
Integration of Agile Ontology Mapping towards NLP Search in I-SOAS
In this research paper we address the importance of Product Data Management (PDM) with respect to its contributions in industry. Moreover we also present some currently available major challenges to PDM communities and targeting some of these challenges we present an approach i.e. I-SOAS, and briefly discuss how this...
2,010
Computation and Language
Motifs de graphe pour le calcul de d\'ependances syntaxiques compl\`etes
This article describes a method to build syntactical dependencies starting from the phrase structure parsing process. The goal is to obtain all the information needed for a detailled semantical analysis. Interaction Grammars are used for parsing; the saturation of polarities which is the core of this formalism can be...
2,010
Computation and Language
Opinion Polarity Identification through Adjectives
"What other people think" has always been an important piece of information during various decision-making processes. Today people frequently make their opinions available via the Internet, and as a result, the Web has become an excellent source for gathering consumer opinions. There are now numerous Web resources co...
2,010
Computation and Language
La r\'eduction de termes complexes dans les langues de sp\'ecialit\'e
Our study applies statistical methods to French and Italian corpora to examine the phenomenon of multi-word term reduction in specialty languages. There are two kinds of reduction: anaphoric and lexical. We show that anaphoric reduction depends on the discourse type (vulgarization, pedagogical, specialized) but is in...
2,011
Computation and Language
The semantic mapping of words and co-words in contexts
Meaning can be generated when information is related at a systemic level. Such a system can be an observer, but also a discourse, for example, operationalized as a set of documents. The measurement of semantics as similarity in patterns (correlations) and latent variables (factor analysis) has been enhanced by comput...
2,011
Computation and Language
MUDOS-NG: Multi-document Summaries Using N-gram Graphs (Tech Report)
This report describes the MUDOS-NG summarization system, which applies a set of language-independent and generic methods for generating extractive summaries. The proposed methods are mostly combinations of simple operators on a generic character n-gram graph representation of texts. This work defines the set of used ...
2,010
Computation and Language
Categorial Minimalist Grammar
We first recall some basic notions on minimalist grammars and on categorial grammars. Next we shortly introduce partially commutative linear logic, and our representation of minimalist grammars within this categorial system, the so-called categorial minimalist grammars. Thereafter we briefly present \lambda\mu-DRT (D...
2,010
Computation and Language
Annotated English
This document presents Annotated English, a system of diacritical symbols which turns English pronunciation into a precise and unambiguous process. The annotations are defined and located in such a way that the original English text is not altered (not even a letter), thus allowing for a consistent reading and learni...
2,011
Computation and Language
Concrete Sentence Spaces for Compositional Distributional Models of Meaning
Coecke, Sadrzadeh, and Clark (arXiv:1003.4394v1 [cs.CL]) developed a compositional model of meaning for distributional semantics, in which each word in a sentence has a meaning vector and the distributional meaning of the sentence is a function of the tensor products of the word vectors. Abstractly speaking, this fun...
2,011
Computation and Language
A Context-theoretic Framework for Compositionality in Distributional Semantics
Techniques in which words are represented as vectors have proved useful in many applications in computational linguistics, however there is currently no general semantic formalism for representing meaning in terms of vectors. We present a framework for natural language semantics in which words, phrases and sentences ...
2,015
Computation and Language
Geometric representations for minimalist grammars
We reformulate minimalist grammars as partial functions on term algebras for strings and trees. Using filler/role bindings and tensor product representations, we construct homomorphisms for these data structures into geometric vector spaces. We prove that the structure-building functions as well as simple processors ...
2,012
Computation and Language
Developing a New Approach for Arabic Morphological Analysis and Generation
Arabic morphological analysis is one of the essential stages in Arabic Natural Language Processing. In this paper we present an approach for Arabic morphological analysis. This approach is based on Arabic morphological automaton (AMAUT). The proposed technique uses a morphological database realized using XMODEL langu...
2,011
Computation and Language
Polarized Montagovian Semantics for the Lambek-Grishin calculus
Grishin proposed enriching the Lambek calculus with multiplicative disjunction (par) and coresiduals. Applications to linguistics were discussed by Moortgat, who spoke of the Lambek-Grishin calculus (LG). In this paper, we adapt Girard's polarity-sensitive double negation embedding for classical logic to extract a co...
2,011
Computation and Language
Malagasy Dialects and the Peopling of Madagascar
The origin of Malagasy DNA is half African and half Indonesian, nevertheless the Malagasy language, spoken by the entire population, belongs to the Austronesian family. The language most closely related to Malagasy is Maanyan (Greater Barito East group of the Austronesian family), but related languages are also in Su...
2,011
Computation and Language
The effect of linguistic constraints on the large scale organization of language
This paper studies the effect of linguistic constraints on the large scale organization of language. It describes the properties of linguistic networks built using texts of written language with the words randomized. These properties are compared to those obtained for a network built over the text in natural order. I...
2,011
Computation and Language
Universal Higher Order Grammar
We examine the class of languages that can be defined entirely in terms of provability in an extension of the sorted type theory (Ty_n) by embedding the logic of phonologies, without introduction of special types for syntactic entities. This class is proven to precisely coincide with the class of logically closed lan...
2,011
Computation and Language
Recognizing Uncertainty in Speech
We address the problem of inferring a speaker's level of certainty based on prosodic information in the speech signal, which has application in speech-based dialogue systems. We show that using phrase-level prosodic features centered around the phrases causing uncertainty, in addition to utterance-level prosodic feat...
2,011
Computation and Language
Self reference in word definitions
Dictionaries are inherently circular in nature. A given word is linked to a set of alternative words (the definition) which in turn point to further descendants. Iterating through definitions in this way, one typically finds that definitions loop back upon themselves. The graph formed by such definitional relations i...
2,011
Computation and Language
Fitting Ranked English and Spanish Letter Frequency Distribution in U.S. and Mexican Presidential Speeches
The limited range in its abscissa of ranked letter frequency distributions causes multiple functions to fit the observed distribution reasonably well. In order to critically compare various functions, we apply the statistical model selections on ten functions, using the texts of U.S. and Mexican presidential speeches...
2,011
Computation and Language
Codeco: A Grammar Notation for Controlled Natural Language in Predictive Editors
Existing grammar frameworks do not work out particularly well for controlled natural languages (CNL), especially if they are to be used in predictive editors. I introduce in this paper a new grammar notation, called Codeco, which is designed specifically for CNLs and predictive editors. Two different parsers have bee...
2,010
Computation and Language
Materials to the Russian-Bulgarian Comparative Dictionary "EAD"
This article presents a fragment of a new comparative dictionary "A comparative dictionary of names of expansive action in Russian and Bulgarian languages". Main features of the new web-based comparative dictionary are placed, the principles of its formation are shown, primary links between the word-matches are class...
2,011
Computation and Language
A Universal Part-of-Speech Tagset
To facilitate future research in unsupervised induction of syntactic structure and to standardize best-practices, we propose a tagset that consists of twelve universal part-of-speech categories. In addition to the tagset, we develop a mapping from 25 different treebank tagsets to this universal set. As a result, when...
2,015
Computation and Language
Seeking Meaning in a Space Made out of Strokes, Radicals, Characters and Compounds
Chinese characters can be compared to a molecular structure: a character is analogous to a molecule, radicals are like atoms, calligraphic strokes correspond to elementary particles, and when characters form compounds, they are like molecular structures. In chemistry the conjunction of all of these structural levels ...
2,011
Computation and Language
Phylogeny and geometry of languages from normalized Levenshtein distance
The idea that the distance among pairs of languages can be evaluated from lexical differences seems to have its roots in the work of the French explorer Dumont D'Urville. He collected comparative words lists of various languages during his voyages aboard the Astrolabe from 1826 to 1829 and, in his work about the geog...
2,011
Computation and Language
Performance Evaluation of Statistical Approaches for Text Independent Speaker Recognition Using Source Feature
This paper introduces the performance evaluation of statistical approaches for TextIndependent speaker recognition system using source feature. Linear prediction LP residual is used as a representation of excitation information in speech. The speaker-specific information in the excitation of voiced speech is captured...
2,010
Computation and Language
Mark My Words! Linguistic Style Accommodation in Social Media
The psycholinguistic theory of communication accommodation accounts for the general observation that participants in conversations tend to converge to one another's communicative behavior: they coordinate in a variety of dimensions including choice of words, syntax, utterance length, pitch and gestures. In its almost...
2,009
Computation and Language
English-Lithuanian-English Machine Translation lexicon and engine: current state and future work
This article overviews the current state of the English-Lithuanian-English machine translation system. The first part of the article describes the problems that system poses today and what actions will be taken to solve them in the future. The second part of the article tackles the main issue of the translation proce...
2,006
Computation and Language
Multilingual lexicon design tool and database management system for MT
The paper presents the design and development of English-Lithuanian-English dictionarylexicon tool and lexicon database management system for MT. The system is oriented to support two main requirements: to be open to the user and to describe much more attributes of speech parts as a regular dictionary that are requir...
2,005
Computation and Language
A Compositional Distributional Semantics, Two Concrete Constructions, and some Experimental Evaluations
We provide an overview of the hybrid compositional distributional model of meaning, developed in Coecke et al. (arXiv:1003.4394v1 [cs.CL]), which is based on the categorical methods also applied to the analysis of information flow in quantum protocols. The mathematical setting stipulates that the meaning of a sentenc...
2,011
Computation and Language
Perception of Personality and Naturalness through Dialogues by Native Speakers of American English and Arabic
Linguistic markers of personality traits have been studied extensively, but few cross-cultural studies exist. In this paper, we evaluate how native speakers of American English and Arabic perceive personality traits and naturalness of English utterances that vary along the dimensions of verbosity, hedging, lexical an...
2,011
Computation and Language
A statistical learning algorithm for word segmentation
In natural speech, the speaker does not pause between words, yet a human listener somehow perceives this continuous stream of phonemes as a series of distinct words. The detection of boundaries between spoken words is an instance of a general capability of the human neocortex to remember and to recognize recurring se...
2,011
Computation and Language
Quantum-Like Uncertain Conditionals for Text Analysis
Simple representations of documents based on the occurrences of terms are ubiquitous in areas like Information Retrieval, and also frequent in Natural Language Processing. In this work we propose a logical-probabilistic approach to the analysis of natural language text based in the concept of Uncertain Conditional, o...
2,011
Computation and Language
Computational Approach to Anaphora Resolution in Spanish Dialogues
This paper presents an algorithm for identifying noun-phrase antecedents of pronouns and adjectival anaphors in Spanish dialogues. We believe that anaphora resolution requires numerous sources of information in order to find the correct antecedent of the anaphor. These sources can be of different kinds, e.g., linguis...
2,001
Computation and Language
Chameleons in imagined conversations: A new approach to understanding coordination of linguistic style in dialogs
Conversational participants tend to immediately and unconsciously adapt to each other's language styles: a speaker will even adjust the number of articles and other function words in their next utterance in response to the number in their partner's immediately preceding utterance. This striking level of coordination ...
2,011
Computation and Language
Experimental Support for a Categorical Compositional Distributional Model of Meaning
Modelling compositional meaning for sentences using empirical distributional methods has been a challenge for computational linguists. We implement the abstract categorical model of Coecke et al. (arXiv:1003.4394v1 [cs.CL]) using data from the BNC and evaluate it. The implementation is based on unsupervised learning ...
2,011
Computation and Language
Acquiring Word-Meaning Mappings for Natural Language Interfaces
This paper focuses on a system, WOLFIE (WOrd Learning From Interpreted Examples), that acquires a semantic lexicon from a corpus of sentences paired with semantic representations. The lexicon learned consists of phrases paired with meaning representations. WOLFIE is part of an integrated system that learns to transfo...
2,003
Computation and Language
Translation of Pronominal Anaphora between English and Spanish: Discrepancies and Evaluation
This paper evaluates the different tasks carried out in the translation of pronominal anaphora in a machine translation (MT) system. The MT interlingua approach named AGIR (Anaphora Generation with an Interlingua Representation) improves upon other proposals presented to date because it is able to translate intersent...
2,003
Computation and Language
Acquiring Correct Knowledge for Natural Language Generation
Natural language generation (NLG) systems are computer software systems that produce texts in English and other human languages, often from non-linguistic input data. NLG systems, like most AI systems, need substantial amounts of knowledge. However, our experience in two NLG projects suggests that it is difficult to ...
2,003
Computation and Language
Entropy of Telugu
This paper presents an investigation of the entropy of the Telugu script. Since this script is syllabic, and not alphabetic, the computation of entropy is somewhat complicated.
2,011
Computation and Language
On the origin of ambiguity in efficient communication
This article studies the emergence of ambiguity in communication through the concept of logical irreversibility and within the framework of Shannon's information theory. This leads us to a precise and general expression of the intuition behind Zipf's vocabulary balance in terms of a symmetry equation between the comp...
2,013
Computation and Language
Notes on Electronic Lexicography
These notes are a continuation of topics covered by V. Selegej in his article "Electronic Dictionaries and Computational lexicography". How can an electronic dictionary have as its object the description of closely related languages? Obviously, such a question allows multiple answers.
2,015
Computation and Language
Experimenting with Transitive Verbs in a DisCoCat
Formal and distributional semantic models offer complementary benefits in modeling meaning. The categorical compositional distributional (DisCoCat) model of meaning of Coecke et al. (arXiv:1003.4394v1 [cs.CL]) combines aspected of both to provide a general framework in which meanings of words, obtained distributional...
2,011
Computation and Language
The settlement of Madagascar: what dialects and languages can tell
The dialects of Madagascar belong to the Greater Barito East group of the Austronesian family and it is widely accepted that the Island was colonized by Indonesian sailors after a maritime trek which probably took place around 650 CE. The language most closely related to Malagasy dialects is Maanyan but also Malay is...
2,015
Computation and Language
Finding Deceptive Opinion Spam by Any Stretch of the Imagination
Consumers increasingly rate, review and research products online. Consequently, websites containing consumer reviews are becoming targets of opinion spam. While recent work has focused primarily on manually identifiable instances of opinion spam, in this work we study deceptive opinion spam---fictitious opinions that...
2,011
Computation and Language
Fence - An Efficient Parser with Ambiguity Support for Model-Driven Language Specification
Model-based language specification has applications in the implementation of language processors, the design of domain-specific languages, model-driven software development, data integration, text mining, natural language processing, and corpus-based induction of models. Model-based language specification decouples l...
2,011
Computation and Language
A Semantic Relatedness Measure Based on Combined Encyclopedic, Ontological and Collocational Knowledge
We describe a new semantic relatedness measure combining the Wikipedia-based Explicit Semantic Analysis measure, the WordNet path measure and the mixed collocation index. Our measure achieves the currently highest results on the WS-353 test: a Spearman rho coefficient of 0.79 (vs. 0.75 in (Gabrilovich and Markovitch,...
2,011
Computation and Language
Design of Arabic Diacritical Marks
Diacritical marks play a crucial role in meeting the criteria of usability of typographic text, such as: homogeneity, clarity and legibility. To change the diacritic of a letter in a word could completely change its semantic. The situation is very complicated with multilingual text. Indeed, the problem of design beco...
2,011
Computation and Language
Use Pronunciation by Analogy for text to speech system in Persian language
The interest in text to speech synthesis increased in the world .text to speech have been developed formany popular languages such as English, Spanish and French and many researches and developmentshave been applied to those languages. Persian on the other hand, has been given little attentioncompared to other langua...
2,011
Computation and Language
NEMO: Extraction and normalization of organization names from PubMed affiliation strings
We propose NEMO, a system for extracting organization names in the affiliation and normalizing them to a canonical organization name. Our parsing process involves multi-layered rule matching with multiple dictionaries. The system achieves more than 98% f-score in extracting organization names. Our process of normaliz...
2,010
Computation and Language
BioSimplify: an open source sentence simplification engine to improve recall in automatic biomedical information extraction
BioSimplify is an open source tool written in Java that introduces and facilitates the use of a novel model for sentence simplification tuned for automatic discourse analysis and information extraction (as opposed to sentence simplification for improving human readability). The model is based on a "shot-gun" approach...
2,010
Computation and Language
An Effective Approach to Biomedical Information Extraction with Limited Training Data
Overall, the two main contributions of this work include the application of sentence simplification to association extraction as described above, and the use of distributional semantics for concept extraction. The proposed work on concept extraction amalgamates for the first time two diverse research areas -distribut...
2,011
Computation and Language
Cross-moments computation for stochastic context-free grammars
In this paper we consider the problem of efficient computation of cross-moments of a vector random variable represented by a stochastic context-free grammar. Two types of cross-moments are discussed. The sample space for the first one is the set of all derivations of the context-free grammar, and the sample space for...
2,013
Computation and Language
Serialising the ISO SynAF Syntactic Object Model
This paper introduces, an XML format developed to serialise the object model defined by the ISO Syntactic Annotation Framework SynAF. Based on widespread best practices we adapt a popular XML format for syntactic annotation, TigerXML, with additional features to support a variety of syntactic phenomena including cons...
2,014
Computation and Language
A Concise Query Language with Search and Transform Operations for Corpora with Multiple Levels of Annotation
The usefulness of annotated corpora is greatly increased if there is an associated tool that can allow various kinds of operations to be performed in a simple way. Different kinds of annotation frameworks and many query languages for them have been proposed, including some to deal with multiple layers of annotation. ...
2,011
Computation and Language
Using Inverse lambda and Generalization to Translate English to Formal Languages
We present a system to translate natural language sentences to formulas in a formal or a knowledge representation language. Our system uses two inverse lambda-calculus operators and using them can take as input the semantic representation of some words, phrases and sentences and from that derive the semantic represen...
2,011
Computation and Language
Language understanding as a step towards human level intelligence - automatizing the construction of the initial dictionary from example sentences
For a system to understand natural language, it needs to be able to take natural language text and answer questions given in natural language with respect to that text; it also needs to be able to follow instructions given in natural language. To achieve this, a system must be able to process natural language and be ...
2,011
Computation and Language
Solving puzzles described in English by automated translation to answer set programming and learning how to do that translation
We present a system capable of automatically solving combinatorial logic puzzles given in (simplified) English. It involves translating the English descriptions of the puzzles into answer set programming(ASP) and using ASP solvers to provide solutions of the puzzles. To translate the descriptions, we use a lambda-cal...
2,011
Computation and Language
Query Expansion: Term Selection using the EWC Semantic Relatedness Measure
This paper investigates the efficiency of the EWC semantic relatedness measure in an ad-hoc retrieval task. This measure combines the Wikipedia-based Explicit Semantic Analysis measure, the WordNet path measure and the mixed collocation index. In the experiments, the open source search engine Terrier was utilised as ...
2,011
Computation and Language
Why is language well-designed for communication? (Commentary on Christiansen and Chater: 'Language as shaped by the brain')
Selection through iterated learning explains no more than other non-functional accounts, such as universal grammar, why language is so well-designed for communicative efficiency. It does not predict several distinctive features of language like central embedding, large lexicons or the lack of iconicity, that seem to ...
2,008
Computation and Language
Une analyse bas\'ee sur la S-DRT pour la mod\'elisation de dialogues pathologiques
In this article, we present a corpus of dialogues between a schizophrenic speaker and an interlocutor who drives the dialogue. We had identified specific discontinuities for paranoid schizophrenics. We propose a modeling of these discontinuities with S-DRT (its pragmatic part)
2,011
Computation and Language
Event in Compositional Dynamic Semantics
We present a framework which constructs an event-style dis- course semantics. The discourse dynamics are encoded in continuation semantics and various rhetorical relations are embedded in the resulting interpretation of the framework. We assume discourse and sentence are distinct semantic objects, that play different...
2,011
Computation and Language
Encoding Phases using Commutativity and Non-commutativity in a Logical Framework
This article presents an extension of Minimalist Categorial Gram- mars (MCG) to encode Chomsky's phases. These grammars are based on Par- tially Commutative Logic (PCL) and encode properties of Minimalist Grammars (MG) of Stabler. The first implementation of MCG were using both non- commutative properties (to respect...
2,011
Computation and Language
Minimalist Grammars and Minimalist Categorial Grammars, definitions toward inclusion of generated languages
Stabler proposes an implementation of the Chomskyan Minimalist Program, Chomsky 95 with Minimalist Grammars - MG, Stabler 97. This framework inherits a long linguistic tradition. But the semantic calculus is more easily added if one uses the Curry-Howard isomorphism. Minimalist Categorial Grammars - MCG, based on an ...
2,011
Computation and Language
Emotional Analysis of Blogs and Forums Data
We perform a statistical analysis of emotionally annotated comments in two large online datasets, examining chains of consecutive posts in the discussions. Using comparisons with randomised data we show that there is a high level of correlation for the emotional content of messages.
2,012
Computation and Language
Inter-rater Agreement on Sentence Formality
Formality is one of the most important dimensions of writing style variation. In this study we conducted an inter-rater reliability experiment for assessing sentence formality on a five-point Likert scale, and obtained good agreement results as well as different rating distributions for different sentence categories....
2,014
Computation and Language
Building Ontologies to Understand Spoken Tunisian Dialect
This paper presents a method to understand spoken Tunisian dialect based on lexical semantic. This method takes into account the specificity of the Tunisian dialect which has no linguistic processing tools. This method is ontology-based which allows exploiting the ontological concepts for semantic annotation and onto...
2,011
Computation and Language
LexRank: Graph-based Lexical Centrality as Salience in Text Summarization
We introduce a stochastic graph-based method for computing relative importance of textual units for Natural Language Processing. We test the technique on the problem of Text Summarization (TS). Extractive TS relies on the concept of sentence salience to identify the most important sentences in a document or set of do...
2,004
Computation and Language
Combining Knowledge- and Corpus-based Word-Sense-Disambiguation Methods
In this paper we concentrate on the resolution of the lexical ambiguity that arises when a given word has several different meanings. This specific task is commonly referred to as word sense disambiguation (WSD). The task of WSD consists of assigning the correct sense to words using an electronic dictionary as the so...
2,005
Computation and Language
Learning Content Selection Rules for Generating Object Descriptions in Dialogue
A fundamental requirement of any task-oriented dialogue system is the ability to generate object descriptions that refer to objects in the task domain. The subproblem of content selection for object descriptions in task-oriented dialogue has been the focus of much previous work and a large number of models have been ...
2,005
Computation and Language
From Contracts in Structured English to CL Specifications
In this paper we present a framework to analyze conflicts of contracts written in structured English. A contract that has manually been rewritten in a structured English is automatically translated into a formal language using the Grammatical Framework (GF). In particular we use the contract language CL as a target f...
2,011
Computation and Language
A Probabilistic Approach to Pronunciation by Analogy
The relationship between written and spoken words is convoluted in languages with a deep orthography such as English and therefore it is difficult to devise explicit rules for generating the pronunciations for unseen words. Pronunciation by analogy (PbA) is a data-driven method of constructing pronunciations for nove...
2,011
Computation and Language
Automatic transcription of 17th century English text in Contemporary English with NooJ: Method and Evaluation
Since 2006 we have undertaken to describe the differences between 17th century English and contemporary English thanks to NLP software. Studying a corpus spanning the whole century (tales of English travellers in the Ottoman Empire in the 17th century, Mary Astell's essay A Serious Proposal to the Ladies and other li...
2,011
Computation and Language
Object-oriented semantics of English in natural language understanding system
A new approach to the problem of natural language understanding is proposed. The knowledge domain under consideration is the social behavior of people. English sentences are translated into set of predicates of a semantic database, which describe persons, occupations, organizations, projects, actions, events, message...
2,015
Computation and Language
User-level sentiment analysis incorporating social networks
We show that information about social relationships can be used to improve user-level sentiment analysis. The main motivation behind our approach is that users that are somehow "connected" may be more likely to hold similar opinions; therefore, relationship information can complement what we can extract about a user'...
2,011
Computation and Language
A Comparison of Different Machine Transliteration Models
Machine transliteration is a method for automatically converting words in one language into phonetically equivalent ones in another language. Machine transliteration plays an important role in natural language applications such as information retrieval and machine translation, especially for handling proper nouns and...
2,006
Computation and Language
Learning Sentence-internal Temporal Relations
In this paper we propose a data intensive approach for inferring sentence-internal temporal relations. Temporal inference is relevant for practical NLP applications which either extract or synthesize temporal information (e.g., summarisation, question answering). Our method bypasses the need for manual coding by expl...
2,006
Computation and Language
Product Review Summarization based on Facet Identification and Sentence Clustering
Product review nowadays has become an important source of information, not only for customers to find opinions about products easily and share their reviews with peers, but also for product manufacturers to get feedback on their products. As the number of product reviews grows, it becomes difficult for users to searc...
2,011
Computation and Language
A Constraint-Satisfaction Parser for Context-Free Grammars
Traditional language processing tools constrain language designers to specific kinds of grammars. In contrast, model-based language specification decouples language design from language processing. As a consequence, model-based language specification tools need general parsers able to parse unrestricted context-free ...
2,012
Computation and Language
Data formats for phonological corpora
The goal of the present chapter is to explore the possibility of providing the research (but also the industrial) community that commonly uses spoken corpora with a stable portfolio of well-documented standardised formats that allow a high re-use rate of annotated spoken resources and, as a consequence, better intero...
2,012
Computation and Language
NP Animacy Identification for Anaphora Resolution
In anaphora resolution for English, animacy identification can play an integral role in the application of agreement restrictions between pronouns and candidates, and as a result, can improve the accuracy of anaphora resolution systems. In this paper, two methods for animacy identification are proposed and evaluated ...
2,007
Computation and Language
Towards cross-lingual alerting for bursty epidemic events
Background: Online news reports are increasingly becoming a source for event based early warning systems that detect natural disasters. Harnessing the massive volume of information available from multilingual newswire presents as many challenges as opportunities due to the patterns of reporting complex spatiotemporal...
2,011
Computation and Language
OMG U got flu? Analysis of shared health messages for bio-surveillance
Background: Micro-blogging services such as Twitter offer the potential to crowdsource epidemics in real-time. However, Twitter posts ('tweets') are often ambiguous and reactive to media trends. In order to ground user messages in epidemic response we focused on tracking reports of self-protective behaviour such as a...
2,011
Computation and Language
What's unusual in online disease outbreak news?
Background: Accurate and timely detection of public health events of international concern is necessary to help support risk assessment and response and save lives. Novel event-based methods that use the World Wide Web as a signal source offer potential to extend health surveillance into areas where traditional indic...
2,010
Computation and Language